1
|
Mohideen FI, Mahal LK. Infection and the Glycome─New Insights into Host Response. ACS Infect Dis 2024. [PMID: 38990078 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Glycans play critical roles in the host-pathogen interactions leading to infection. However, we still understand very little about the dynamic nature of glycosylation in response to infection and its function in modulating host immunity. Many of the host proteins involved in immune defense are glycoproteins. Furthermore, the innate immune system recognizes glycans. The glycoform of a protein can impact proteolytic stability, receptor interactions, serum half-life, and other aspects. New, cutting-edge chemical biology tools are shedding light on the interplay between infection and the host glycome. In this review, we highlight new work on the importance of dynamic glycosylation of host proteins in the innate and adaptive immune pathways in response to infection. These include recent findings on altered glycoprofiles of mucins, complement components, and antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Ifthiha Mohideen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Lara K Mahal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Arenhoevel J, Schmitt AC, Kerkhoff Y, Ahmadi V, Quaas E, Ludwig K, Achazi K, Nie C, Bej R, Haag R. Mucin-Inspired Polymeric Fibers for Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Inhibition. Macromol Biosci 2024:e2400120. [PMID: 38801012 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202400120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Mucus lines the epithelial cells at the biological interface and is the first line of defense against multiple viral infections. Mucins, the gel-forming components of mucus, are high molecular weight glycoproteins and crucial for preventing infections by binding pathogens. Consequently, mimicking mucins is a promising strategy for new synthetic virus inhibitors. In this work, synthetic mucin-inspired polymers (MIPs) as potential inhibitors of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) are investigated. By using a telechelic reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization technique, a new dendronized polysulfate p(G1AAm-OSO3)PDS with an amide-backbone similar to the native mucin glycoproteins is synthesized. p(G1AAm-OSO3)PDS shows mucin-like elongated fiber structure, as revealed in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) imaging, and its HSV-1 inhibition activity together with its previously reported methacrylate analogue p(G1MA-OSO3)PDS is tested. Both of the sulfated MIPs show strong HSV-1 inhibition in plaque reduction assays with IC50 values in lower nanomolar range (<3 × 10-9 m) and demonstrate a high cell compatibility (CC50 > 1.0 mg mL-1) with lower anticoagulant activity than heparin. In addition, the prophylactic and therapeutic activity of both MIPs is assessed in pre- and post-infection inhibition assays and clearly visualize their high potential for application using fluorescent microscopy imaging of infected cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Arenhoevel
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ann-Cathrin Schmitt
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yannic Kerkhoff
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vahid Ahmadi
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisa Quaas
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai Ludwig
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Achazi
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chuanxiong Nie
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raju Bej
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Carrow KP, Hamilton HL, Hopps MP, Li Y, Qiao B, Payne NC, Thompson MP, Zhang X, Magassa A, Fattah M, Agarwal S, Vincent MP, Buyanova M, Bertin PA, Mazitschek R, Olvera de la Cruz M, Johnson DA, Johnson JA, Gianneschi NC. Inhibiting the Keap1/Nrf2 Protein-Protein Interaction with Protein-Like Polymers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311467. [PMID: 38241649 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Successful and selective inhibition of the cytosolic protein-protein interaction (PPI) between nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Kelch-like ECH-associating protein 1 (Keap1) can enhance the antioxidant response, with the potential for a therapeutic effect in a range of settings including in neurodegenerative disease (ND). Small molecule inhibitors have been developed, yet many have off-target effects, or are otherwise limited by poor cellular permeability. Peptide-based strategies have also been attempted to enhance specificity, yet face challenges due to susceptibility to degradation and lack of cellular penetration. Herein, these barriers are overcome utilizing a polymer-based proteomimetics. The protein-like polymer (PLP) consists of a synthetic, lipophilic polymer backbone displaying water soluble Keap1-binding peptides on each monomer unit forming a brush polymer architecture. The PLPs are capable of engaging Keap1 and displacing the cellular protective transcription factor Nrf2, which then translocates to the nucleus, activating the antioxidant response element (ARE). PLPs exhibit increased Keap1 binding affinity by several orders of magnitude compared to free peptides, maintain serum stability, are cell-penetrant, and selectively activate the ARE pathway in cells, including in primary cortical neuronal cultures. Keap1/Nrf2-inhibitory PLPs have the potential to impact the treatment of disease states associated with dysregulation of oxidative stress, such as NDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kendal P Carrow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Medical Scientist Training Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, 60208, IL, USA
| | - Haylee L Hamilton
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 57305, WI, USA
| | - Madeline P Hopps
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, 60208, IL, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, 60208, IL, USA
| | - Baofu Qiao
- Department of Natural Sciences, Baruch College, City University of New York, New York, 10010, NY, USA
| | - N Connor Payne
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, 02138, MA, USA
| | - Matthew P Thompson
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, 60208, IL, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, 60208, IL, USA
| | - Assa Magassa
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, 60208, IL, USA
| | - Mara Fattah
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, 60208, IL, USA
| | - Shivangi Agarwal
- Grove Biopharma, Inc, 1375 W. Fulton St., Ste. 650, Chicago, 60558, IL, USA
| | - Michael P Vincent
- Grove Biopharma, Inc, 1375 W. Fulton St., Ste. 650, Chicago, 60558, IL, USA
| | - Marina Buyanova
- Grove Biopharma, Inc, 1375 W. Fulton St., Ste. 650, Chicago, 60558, IL, USA
| | - Paul A Bertin
- Grove Biopharma, Inc, 1375 W. Fulton St., Ste. 650, Chicago, 60558, IL, USA
| | - Ralph Mazitschek
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Monica Olvera de la Cruz
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Robert R. McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, Center for Computation and Theory of Soft Materials, Northwestern University, Evanston, 60208, IL, USA
| | - Delinda A Johnson
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 57305, WI, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Johnson
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 57305, WI, USA
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Pharmacology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, 60208, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abdulsalam H, Li J, Loka RS, Sletten ET, Nguyen HM. Heparan Sulfate-Mimicking Glycopolymers Bind SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein in a Length- and Sulfation Pattern-Dependent Manner. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:1411-1418. [PMID: 37849547 PMCID: PMC10577887 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate-mimicking glycopolymers, composed of glucosamine (GlcN)-glucuronic acid (GlcA) repeating units, bind to the receptor-binding subunit (S1) and spike glycoprotein (S) domains of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in a length- and sulfation pattern-dependent fashion. A glycopolymer composed of 12 repeating GlcNS6S-GlcA units exhibits a much higher affinity to the S1 protein (IC50 = 13 ± 1.1 nM) compared with the receptor-binding domain (RBD). This glycopolymer does not interfere in angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 binding of the RBD. Although this compound binds strongly to the S1/membrane-fusion subunit (S2) junction (KD = 29.7 ± 4.18 nM), it does not shield the S1/S2 site from cleavage by furin-a behavior contrary to natural heparin. This glycopolymer lacks iduronic acid, which accounts for 70% of heparin. Further, this compound, unlike natural heparin, is well defined in both sulfation pattern and length, which results in fewer off-target interactions with heparin-binding proteins. The results highlight the potential of using polymeric heparan sulfate (HS) mimetics for the therapeutic agent development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hawau Abdulsalam
- Department
of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Jiayi Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Ravi S. Loka
- Department
of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Eric T. Sletten
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Hien M. Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Donahue R, Sahoo JK, Rudolph S, Chen Y, Kaplan DL. Mucosa-Mimetic Materials for the Study of Intestinal Homeostasis and Disease. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300301. [PMID: 37329337 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Mucus is a viscoelastic hydrogel that lines and protects the epithelial surfaces of the body that houses commensal microbiota and functions in host defense against pathogen invasion. As a first-line physical and biochemical barrier, intestinal mucus is involved in immune surveillance and spatial organization of the microbiome, while dysfunction of the gut mucus barrier is implicated in several diseases. Mucus can be collected from a variety of mammalian sources for study, however, established methods are challenging in terms of scale and efficiency, as well as with regard to rheological similarity to native human mucus. Therefore, there is a need for mucus-mimetic hydrogels that more accurately reflect the physical and chemical profile of the in vivo human epithelial environment to enable the investigation of the role of mucus in human disease and interactions with the intestinal microbiome. This review will evaluate the material properties of synthetic mucus mimics to date designed to address the above need, with a focus toward an improved understanding of the biochemical and immunological functions of these biopolymers related to utility for research and therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Donahue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Jugal Kishore Sahoo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Sara Rudolph
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mekcham S, Nomura K. Synthesis of Bottlebrush Polymers by Z-/ E-Specific Living Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization, Exhibiting Different Thermal Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17001-17006. [PMID: 37498370 PMCID: PMC10416215 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of bottlebrush polymers (BBPs) and block copolymers by Z-/E-specific living ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of N-substituted-norbornene-2,3-dicarboximides containing long alkyl chains (n-octadecyl, n-tetradecyl, etc.) has been attained by the vanadium(V)-alkylidene catalysts V(CHSiMe3)(ArN)[OC(CF3)3](PMe3)2 [Ar = 2,6-Cl2C6H3 (1), C6F5 (2)] and V(CHSiMe3)(2,6-F2C6H3N)(OC6Cl5)(PMe3)2 (3). The ROMPs using 1 afforded the BBPs with exclusive Z selectivity (98 to >99% cis) even at high temperature (up to 80 °C) in the presence of PMe3, whereas the ROMPs using 3 gave the BBPs with high E selectivity (90% trans). These ROMPs proceeded in a living manner (even at 80 °C using 1), affording various (amphiphilic) block copolymers while maintaining high E/Z selectivity. The resultant Z- and E-selective BBPs especially prepared from N-(n-octadecyl)norbornene-2,3-dicarboximide possessed different melting temperatures due to different degrees of interpolymer alkyl side chain interaction (side chain crystallization).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sirilak Mekcham
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo
Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Kotohiro Nomura
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo
Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Detwiler RE, Kramer JR. Preparation and applications of artificial mucins in biomedicine. CURRENT OPINION IN SOLID STATE & MATERIALS SCIENCE 2022; 26:101031. [PMID: 37283850 PMCID: PMC10243510 DOI: 10.1016/j.cossms.2022.101031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Mucus is an essential barrier material that separates organisms from the outside world. This slippery material regulates the transport of nutrients, drugs, gases, and pathogens toward the cell surface. The surface of the cell itself is coated in a mucus-like barrier of glycoproteins and glycolipids. Mucin glycoproteins are the primary component of mucus and the epithelial glycocalyx. Aberrant mucin production is implicated in diverse disease states from cancer and inflammation to pre-term birth and infection. Biological mucins are inherently heterogenous in structure, which has challenged understanding their molecular functions as a barrier and as biochemically active proteins. Therefore, many synthetic materials have been developed as artificial mucins with precisely tunable structures. This review highlights advances in design and synthesis of artificial mucins and their application in biomedical studies of mucin chemistry, biology, and physics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. Detwiler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, 36 S. Wasatch
Dr., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jessica R. Kramer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, 36 S. Wasatch
Dr., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kohout VR, Wardzala CL, Kramer JR. Synthesis and biomedical applications of mucin mimic materials. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 191:114540. [PMID: 36228896 PMCID: PMC10066857 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Mucin glycoproteins are the major component of mucus and coat epithelial cell surfaces forming the glycocalyx. The glycocalyx and mucus are involved in the transport of nutrients, drugs, gases, and pathogens toward the cell surface. Mucins are also involved in diverse diseases such as cystic fibrosis and cancer. Due to inherent heterogeneity in native mucin structure, many synthetic materials have been designed to probe mucin chemistry, biology, and physics. Such materials include various glycopolymers, low molecular weight glycopeptides, glycopolypeptides, polysaccharides, and polysaccharide-protein conjugates. This review highlights advances in the area of design and synthesis of mucin mimic materials, and their biomedical applications in glycan binding, epithelial models of infection, therapeutic delivery, vaccine formulation, and beyond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria R Kohout
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, 36 S. Wasatch Dr., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Casia L Wardzala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, 36 S. Wasatch Dr., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jessica R Kramer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, 36 S. Wasatch Dr., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
![]()
Mucus hydrogels at biointerfaces are crucial for protecting
against
foreign pathogens and for the biological functions of the underlying
cells. Since mucus can bind to and host both viruses and bacteria,
establishing a synthetic model system that can emulate the properties
and functions of native mucus and can be synthesized at large scale
would revolutionize the mucus-related research that is essential for
understanding the pathways of many infectious diseases. The synthesis
of such biofunctional hydrogels in the laboratory is highly challenging,
owing to their complex chemical compositions and the specific chemical
interactions that occur throughout the gel network. In this perspective,
we discuss the basic chemical structures and diverse physicochemical
interactions responsible for the unique properties and functions of
mucus hydrogels. We scrutinize the different approaches for preparing
mucus-inspired hydrogels, with specific examples. We also discuss
recent research and what it reveals about the challenges that must
be addressed and the opportunities to be considered to achieve desirable de novo synthetic mucus hydrogels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raju Bej
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Baker AN, Hawker-Bond GW, Georgiou PG, Dedola S, Field RA, Gibson MI. Glycosylated gold nanoparticles in point of care diagnostics: from aggregation to lateral flow. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:7238-7259. [PMID: 35894819 PMCID: PMC9377422 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00267a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Current point-of-care lateral flow immunoassays, such as the home pregnancy test, rely on proteins as detection units (e.g. antibodies) to sense for analytes. Glycans play a fundamental role in biological signalling and recognition events such as pathogen adhesion and hence they are promising future alternatives to antibody-based biosensing and diagnostics. Here we introduce the potential of glycans coupled to gold nanoparticles as recognition agents for lateral flow diagnostics. We first introduce the concept of lateral flow, including a case study of lateral flow use in the field compared to other diagnostic tools. We then introduce glycosylated materials, the affinity gains achieved by the cluster glycoside effect and the current use of these in aggregation based assays. Finally, the potential role of glycans in lateral flow are explained, and examples of their successful use given. Antibody-based lateral flow (immune) assays are well established, but here the emerging concept and potential of using glycans as the detection agents is reviewed.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.
| | - George W Hawker-Bond
- Oxford University Clinical Academic Graduate School, John Radcliffe Hospital Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Panagiotis G Georgiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.
| | | | - Robert A Field
- Iceni Glycoscience Ltd, Norwich, NR4 7GJ, UK.,Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK. .,Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ince D, Lucas TM, Malaker SA. Current strategies for characterization of mucin-domain glycoproteins. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2022; 69:102174. [PMID: 35752002 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.102174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation, and especially O-linked glycosylation, remains a critical blind spot in the understanding of post-translational modifications. Due to their nature as proteins defined by a large density and abundance of O-glycosylation, mucins present extra challenges in the analysis of their structure and function. However, recent breakthroughs in multiple areas of research have rendered mucin-domain glycoproteins more accessible to current characterization techniques. In particular, the adaptation of mucinases to glycoproteomic workflows, the manipulation of cellular glycosylation pathways, and the advances in synthetic methods to more closely mimic mucin domains have introduced new and exciting avenues to study mucin glycoproteins. Here, we summarize recent developments in understanding the structure and biological function of mucin domains and their associated glycans, from glycoproteomic tools and visualization methods to synthetic glycopeptide mimetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Ince
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 275 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Taryn M Lucas
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 275 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Stacy A Malaker
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 275 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lema MA, Nava-Medina IB, Cerullo AR, Abdelaziz R, Jimenez SM, Geldner JB, Abdelhamid M, Kwan CS, Kharlamb L, Neary MC, Braunschweig AB. Scalable Preparation of Synthetic Mucins via Nucleophilic Ring-Opening Polymerization of Glycosylated N-Carboxyanhydrides. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A. Lema
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Department of Chemistry, City College of New York, 160 Convent Ave, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Ilse B. Nava-Medina
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Ave, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Antonio R. Cerullo
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Ave, New York, New York 10065, United States
- The PhD program in Biochemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Radwa Abdelaziz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Ave, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Stephanie M. Jimenez
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Jacob B. Geldner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Ave, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Mohamed Abdelhamid
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Ave, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Chak-Shing Kwan
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Ave, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Lily Kharlamb
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, New York 10031, United States
- The PhD program in Biochemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Michelle C. Neary
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Ave, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Adam B. Braunschweig
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Ave, New York, New York 10065, United States
- The PhD program in Biochemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, New York 10016, United States
- The PhD program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, New York 10016, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Models using native tracheobronchial mucus in the context of pulmonary drug delivery research: Composition, structure and barrier properties. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 183:114141. [PMID: 35149123 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Mucus covers all wet epithelia and acts as a protective barrier. In the airways of the lungs, the viscoelastic mucus meshwork entraps and clears inhaled materials and efficiently removes them by mucociliary escalation. In addition to physical and chemical interaction mechanisms, the role of macromolecular glycoproteins (mucins) and antimicrobial constituents in innate immune defense are receiving increasing attention. Collectively, mucus displays a major barrier for inhaled aerosols, also including therapeutics. This review discusses the origin and composition of tracheobronchial mucus in relation to its (barrier) function, as well as some pathophysiological changes in the context of pulmonary diseases. Mucus models that contemplate key features such as elastic-dominant rheology, composition, filtering mechanisms and microbial interactions are critically reviewed in the context of health and disease considering different collection methods of native human pulmonary mucus. Finally, the prerequisites towards a standardization of mucus models in a regulatory context and their role in drug delivery research are addressed.
Collapse
|
14
|
Richards SJ, Gibson MI. Toward Glycomaterials with Selectivity as Well as Affinity. JACS AU 2021; 1:2089-2099. [PMID: 34984416 PMCID: PMC8717392 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Multivalent glycosylated materials (polymers, surfaces, and particles) often show high affinity toward carbohydrate binding proteins (e.g., lectins) due to the nonlinear enhancement from the cluster glycoside effect. This affinity gain has potential in applications from diagnostics, biosensors, and targeted delivery to anti-infectives and in an understanding of basic glycobiology. This perspective highlights the question of selectivity, which is less often addressed due to the reductionist nature of glycomaterials and the promiscuity of many lectins. The use of macromolecular features, including architecture, heterogeneous ligand display, and the installation of non-natural glycans, to address this challenge is discussed, and examples of selectivity gains are given.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Warwick
Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Effect of Lewis Acids on the Catalyst Activity for Alkene Metathesis, Z-/E- Selectivity and Stability of Tungsten Oxo Alkylidenes. Top Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-021-01534-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractLewis acids increase the catalytic activity of classical heterogeneous catalysts and molecular d0 tungsten oxo alkylidenes in a variety of olefin metathesis processes. The formation of labile adducts between the metal complex and the Lewis acid has been observed experimentally and suggested to be involved in the catalyst activity increase. In this contribution, DFT (M06) calculations have been performed to determine the role of Lewis acids on catalyst activity, Z-/E- selectivity and stability by comparing three W(E)(CHR)(2,5-dimethylpyrrolide)(O-2,6-dimesithylphenoxide) (E = oxo, imido or oxo-Lewis acid adduct) alkylidenes. Results show that the formation of the alkylidene—Lewis acid adducts influences the reactivity of tungsten oxo alkylidenes due to both steric and electronic effects. The addition of the Lewis acid on the E group increases its bulkiness and this decreases catalyst Z-selectivity. Moreover, the interaction between the oxo ligand and the Lewis acid decreases the donating ability of the former toward the metal. This is important when the oxo group has either a ligand in trans or in the same plane that is competing for the same metal d orbitals. Therefore, the weakening of oxo donating ability facilitates the cycloaddition and cycloreversion steps and it stabilizes the productive trigonal bipyramid metallacyclobutane isomer. The two factors increase the catalytic activity of the complex. The electron donating tuneability by the coordination of the Lewis acid also applies to catalyst deactivation and particularly the key β-hydride elimination step. In this process, the transition states show a ligand in pseudo trans to the oxo. Therefore, the presence of the Lewis acid decreases the Gibbs energy barrier significantly. Overall, the optimization of the E group donating ability in each step of the reaction makes tungsten oxo alkylidenes more reactive and this applies both for the catalytic activity and catalyst deactivation.
Collapse
|
16
|
Impact of artificial sputum media formulation on Pseudomonas aeruginosa secondary metabolite production. J Bacteriol 2021; 203:e0025021. [PMID: 34398662 PMCID: PMC8508215 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00250-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro culture media are being developed to understand how host site-specific nutrient profiles influence microbial pathogenicity and ecology. To mimic the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung environment, a variety of artificial sputum media (ASM) have been created. However, the composition of these ASM vary in the concentration of key nutrients, including amino acids, lipids, DNA, and mucin. In this work, we used feature-based molecular networking (FBMN) to perform comparative metabolomics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the predominant opportunistic pathogen infecting the lungs of people with CF, cultured in nine different ASM. We found that the concentration of aromatic amino acids and iron from mucin added to the media contributes to differences in the production of P. aeruginosa virulence-associated secondary metabolites. IMPORTANCE Different media formulations aiming to replicate in vivo infection environments contain different nutrients, which affects interpretation of experimental results. Inclusion of undefined components, such as commercial porcine gastric mucin (PGM), in an otherwise chemically defined medium can alter the nutrient content of the medium in unexpected ways and influence experimental outcomes.
Collapse
|