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Korkusuz E, Sert Y, Arslan S, Aydın H, Yıldırım İ, Demir Y, Gülçin İ, Koca İ. Synthesis and biological studies of pyrimidine derivatives targeting metabolic enzymes. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300634. [PMID: 38772694 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Novel synthesized pyrimidine derivatives were investigated against carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes I and II (hCA I and II), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), α-glycosidase, and aldose reductase (AR) enzymes associated with some common diseases such as epilepsy, glaucoma, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, and neuropathy. When the results were examined, novel synthesized pyrimidine derivatives were found to have effective inhibition abilities toward the metabolic enzymes. IC50 values and Ki values were calculated for each pyrimidine derivative and compared to positive controls. The synthesized novel pyrimidine derivatives exhibited Ki values in the range of 39.16 ± 7.70-144.62 ± 26.98 nM against hCA I, 18.21 ± 3.66-136.35 ± 21.48 nM toward hCA II, which is associated with different pathological and physiological processes, 33.15 ± 4.85-52.98 ± 19.86 nM on AChE, and 31.96 ± 8.24-69.57 ± 21.27 nM on BChE. Also, Ki values were determined in the range of 17.37 ± 1.11-253.88 ± 39.91 nM against α-glycosidase and 648.82 ± 53.74-1902.58 ± 98.90 nM toward AR enzymes. Within the scope of the study, the inhibition types of the novel synthesized pyrimidine derivatives were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Korkusuz
- Mustafa Cikrikcioglu Vocational College, Kayseri University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Sert
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Art & Sciences, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Seher Arslan
- Department of Chemistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hava Aydın
- Department of Chemistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - İsmail Yıldırım
- Department of Chemistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Demir
- Nihat Delibalta Gole Vocational High School, Ardahan University, Ardahan, Turkey
| | - İlhami Gülçin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - İrfan Koca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art & Sciences, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
- Science and Technology Application and Research Center, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
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Sharma M, Pal P, Gupta SK. Microglial mediators in autoimmune Uveitis: Bridging neuroprotection and neurotoxicity. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 136:112309. [PMID: 38810304 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Autoimmune uveitis, a severe inflammatory condition of the eye, poses significant challenges due to its complex pathophysiology and the critical balance between protective and detrimental immune responses. Central to this balance are microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, whose roles in autoimmune uveitis are multifaceted and dynamic. This review article delves into the dual nature of microglial functions, oscillating between neuroprotective and neurotoxic outcomes in the context of autoimmune uveitis. Initially, we explore the fundamental aspects of microglia, including their activation states and basic functions, setting the stage for a deeper understanding of their involvement in autoimmune uveitis. The review then navigates through the intricate mechanisms by which microglia contribute to disease onset and progression, highlighting both their protective actions in immune regulation and tissue repair, and their shift towards a pro-inflammatory, neurotoxic profile. Special emphasis is placed on the detailed pathways and cellular interactions underpinning these dual roles. Additionally, the review examines the potential of microglial markers as diagnostic and prognostic indicators, offering insights into their clinical relevance. The article culminates in discussing future research directions, and the ongoing challenges in translating these findings into effective clinical applications. By providing a comprehensive overview of microglial mechanisms in autoimmune uveitis, this review underscores the critical balance of microglial activities and its implications for disease management and therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pankaj Pal
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Sukesh Kumar Gupta
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences (OVAS), School of Medicine, Wayne State University, USA.
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Kumar N, Jangid K, Kumar V, Yadav RP, Mishra J, Upadhayay S, Kumar V, Devi B, Kumar V, Dwivedi AR, Kumar P, Baranwal S, Bhatti JS, Kumar V. In Vitro and In Vivo Investigations of Chromone Derivatives as Potential Multitarget-Directed Ligands: Cognitive Amelioration Utilizing a Scopolamine-Induced Zebrafish Model. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:2565-2585. [PMID: 38795037 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a complex neurological disorder linked with multiple pathological hallmarks. The interrelation of therapeutic targets assists in the enhancement of cognitive decline through interference with overall neuronal transmission. We have synthesized and screened various chromone derivatives as potential multitarget-directed ligands for the effective treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The synthesized compounds exhibited multipotent activity against AChE, BuChE, MAO-B, and amyloid β aggregation. Three potent compounds, i.e., VN-3, VN-14, and VN-19 were identified that displayed remarkable activities against different targets. These compounds displayed IC50 values of 80 nM, 2.52 μM, and 140 nM against the AChE enzyme, respectively, and IC50 values of 2.07 μM, 70 nM, and 450 nM against the MAO-B isoform, respectively. VN-3 displayed potent activity against self-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation with inhibition of 58.3%. In the ROS inhibition studies, the most potent compounds reduced the intracellular ROS levels up to 80% in SH-SY5Y cells at 25 μM concentration. The compounds were found to be neuroprotective and noncytotoxic even at a concentration of 25 μM against SH-SY5Y cells. In silico studies showed that the compounds were nicely accommodated in the active sites of the receptors along with thermodynamically stable orientations. Compound VN-19 exhibited a balanced multitargeting profile against AChE, BuChE, MAO-B, and Aβ1-42 enzymes and was further evaluated for in vivo activities on the scopolamine-induced zebrafish model. VN-19 was found to ameliorate the cognitive decline in zebrafish brains by protecting them against scopolamine-induced neurodegeneration. Thus, VN-3, VN-14, and VN-19 were identified as potent multitarget-directed ligands with a balanced activity profile against different targets and can be developed as therapeutics for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India
| | - Kailash Jangid
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India
| | - Vishal Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India
| | - Ravi Prakash Yadav
- Gastrointestinal Disease Lab, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India
| | - Jayapriya Mishra
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India
| | - Shubham Upadhayay
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India
| | - Bharti Devi
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India
| | - Ashish Ranjan Dwivedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India
- Gitam School of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, Telangana 502329, India
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India
| | - Somesh Baranwal
- Gastrointestinal Disease Lab, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India
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Sharma M, Pal P, Gupta SK. Advances in Alzheimer's disease: A multifaceted review of potential therapies and diagnostic techniques for early detection. Neurochem Int 2024; 177:105761. [PMID: 38723902 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains one of the most formidable neurological disorders, affecting millions globally. This review provides a holistic overview of the therapeutic strategies, both conventional and novel, aimed at mitigating the impact of AD. Initially, we delve into the conventional approach, emphasizing the role of Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition, which has been a cornerstone in AD management. As our understanding of AD evolves, several novel potential approaches emerge. We discuss the promising roles of Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibition, Tau Protein inhibitors, COX-2 inhibition, PPAR-γ agonism, and FAHH inhibition, among others. The potential of the endocannabinoids (eCB) system, cholesterol-lowering drugs, metal chelators, and MMPs inhibitors are also explored, culminating in the exploration of the pivotal role of microRNA in AD progression. Parallel to these therapeutic insights, we shed light on the novel tools and methodologies revolutionizing AD research. From the quantitative analysis of gene expression by qRTPCR to the evaluation of mitochondrial function using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), the advances in diagnostic and research tools offer renewed hope. Moreover, we explore the current landscape of clinical trials, highlighting the leading drug interventions and their respective stages of development. This comprehensive review concludes with a look into the future perspectives, capturing the potential breakthroughs and innovations on the horizon. Through a synthesis of current knowledge and emerging research, this article aims to provide a consolidated resource for clinicians, researchers, and academicians in the realm of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sharma
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pankaj Pal
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Sukesh Kumar Gupta
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences (OVAS), School of Medicine, Wayne State University, USA.
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Sharma M, Tanwar AK, Purohit PK, Pal P, Kumar D, Vaidya S, Prajapati SK, Kumar A, Dhama N, Kumar S, Gupta SK. Regulatory roles of microRNAs in modulating mitochondrial dynamics, amyloid beta fibrillation, microglial activation, and cholinergic signaling: Implications for alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 161:105685. [PMID: 38670299 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) remains a formidable challenge due to its complex pathology, notably involving mitochondrial dysfunction and dysregulated microRNA (miRNA) signaling. This study delves into the underexplored realm of miRNAs' impact on mitochondrial dynamics and their interplay with amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation and tau pathology in AD. Addressing identified gaps, our research utilizes advanced molecular techniques and AD models, alongside patient miRNA profiles, to uncover miRNAs pivotal in mitochondrial regulation. We illuminate novel miRNAs influencing mitochondrial dynamics, Aβ, and tau, offering insights into their mechanistic roles in AD progression. Our findings not only enhance understanding of AD's molecular underpinnings but also spotlight miRNAs as promising therapeutic targets. By elucidating miRNAs' roles in mitochondrial dysfunction and their interactions with hallmark AD pathologies, our work proposes innovative strategies for AD therapy, aiming to mitigate disease progression through targeted miRNA modulation. This contribution marks a significant step toward novel AD treatments, emphasizing the potential of miRNAs in addressing this complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Ankur Kumar Tanwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Pankaj Pal
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Devendra Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, NMIMS School of Pharmacy and Management, SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS), Shirpur Campus, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sandeep Vaidya
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Aadesh Kumar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nidhi Dhama
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sokindra Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sukesh Kumar Gupta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences (OVAS), School of Medicine, Wayne State University, USA.
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Verma A, Waiker DK, Singh N, Singh A, Saraf P, Bhardwaj B, Kumar P, Krishnamurthy S, Srikrishna S, Shrivastava SK. Lead optimization based design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of quinazoline derivatives as multi-targeting agents for Alzheimer's disease treatment. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 271:116450. [PMID: 38701714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The complexity and multifaceted nature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have driven us to further explore quinazoline scaffolds as multi-targeting agents for AD treatment. The lead optimization strategy was utilized in designing of new series of derivatives (AK-1 to AK-14) followed by synthesis, characterization, and pharmacological evaluation against human cholinesterase's (hChE) and β-secretase (hBACE-1) enzymes. Amongst them, compounds AK-1, AK-2, and AK-3 showed good and significant inhibitory activity against both hAChE and hBACE-1 enzymes with favorable permeation across the blood-brain barrier. The most active compound AK-2 revealed significant propidium iodide (PI) displacement from the AChE-PAS region and was non-neurotoxic against SH-SY5Y cell lines. The lead molecule (AK-2) also showed Aβ aggregation inhibition in a self- and AChE-induced Aβ aggregation, Thioflavin-T assay. Further, compound AK-2 significantly ameliorated Aβ-induced cognitive deficits in the Aβ-induced Morris water maze rat model and demonstrated a significant rescue in eye phenotype in the Aꞵ-phenotypic drosophila model of AD. Ex-vivo immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis on hippocampal rat brains showed reduced Aβ and BACE-1 protein levels. Compound AK-2 suggested good oral absorption via pharmacokinetic studies and displayed a good and stable ligand-protein interaction in in-silico molecular modeling analysis. Thus, the compound AK-2 can be regarded as a lead molecule and should be investigated further for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Digambar Kumar Waiker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Neha Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Abhinav Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Poorvi Saraf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Bhagwati Bhardwaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Sairam Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Saripella Srikrishna
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Sushant Kumar Shrivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
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Devi B, Jangid K, Kumar N, Kumar V, Kumar V. Identification of potential JNK3 inhibitors through virtual screening, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation as therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10820-0. [PMID: 38573427 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10820-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurological disorder and no effective drug is available for its treatment. Numerous pathological conditions are believed to be responsible for the initiation and development of AD including c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs). The JNKs are one of the enzymes from the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family that controls the phosphorylation of various transcription factors on serine and threonine residues, and hold significant responsibilities in tasks like gene expression, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Since, JNK3 is primarily expressed in the brain hence its increased levels in the brain are associated with the AD pathology promoting neurofibrillary tangles, senile plaques, neuroinflammation, and nerve cell apoptosis. The current research work is focused on the development of novel JNK inhibitors as therapeutics for AD employing a structure-based virtual screening (SBVS) approach. The ZINC database (14634052 compounds) was investigated after employing pan assay interference (PAINs), drug-likeness, and diversity picking filter to distinguish molecules interacting with JNK3 by following three docking precision criteria: High Throughput Virtual Screening (HTVS), Standard Precision (SP), and Extra Precision (XP) & MMGBSA. Five lead molecules showed a better docking score in the range of -13.091 to -14.051 kcal/mol better than the reference compound (- 11.828 kcal/mol). The lead compounds displayed acceptable pharmacokinetic properties and were subjected to molecular dynamic simulations of 100 ns and binding free energy calculations. All the lead molecules showed stable RMSD and hydrogen bond interactions throughout the trajectory. The ∆GMM/PBSA_total score for the lead compounds ZINC220382956, ZINC147071339, ZINC207081127, ZINC205151456, ZINC1228819126, and CC-930 was calculated and found to be - 31.39, - 42.8, - 37.04, - 39.01, - 36.5, - 34.16 kcal/mol, respectively. Thus, it was concluded that the lead molecules identified in these studies have the potential to be explored as potent JNK3 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Devi
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Ghudda, 151401, India
| | - Kailash Jangid
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Ghudda, 151401, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Ghudda, 151401, India
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Ghudda, 151401, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Ghudda, 151401, India.
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Kumar Nandi N, Das S, Choudhary D, Saini S, Bhatia R, Chawla P, Kaur R, Kalra S, Rawat R, Eyupoglu V, Kumar B. Exploration of oxadiazole clubbed benzhydrylpiperazine pharmacophoric features as structural feature for antidepressant activity: In vitro, in vivo and in silico analysis. Bioorg Chem 2024; 144:107148. [PMID: 38306828 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Arylpiperazine clubbed various heterocyclic molecules present potential pharmacophoric structural features for the development of psychoactive drugs. There are various CNS active molecules possessing arylpiperazine moiety in their pharmacophore approved by USFDA. In the current study, we have explored the benzhydrylpiperazine moiety clubbed with various substituted oxadiazole moieties (AP1-12) for their monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition and antidepressant potential. Compounds AP3 and AP12 exhibited highly potent and selective MAO-A inhibition with IC50 values of 1.34 ± 0.93 µM and 1.13 ± 0.54 µM, respectively, and a selectivity index of 10- and 13-folds, respectively. Both the compounds displayed reversible binding character at the active site of MAO-A. In further in vivo evaluation, both the compounds AP3 and AP12 displayed potential antidepressant-like character in FST and TST studies via significantly reduced immobility time in comparison to non-treated animals. These compounds displayed no cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cell lines, which indicates that these compounds are safe for further evaluation. In silico studies reveal that synthesized compounds possess drug-likeness with minimal to no toxicity. In silico studies were conducted to understand the binding interactions and stability of compounds at the binding pocket of enzyme and observed that both the best compounds fit well at the active site of MAO-A lined by amino acid residues Tyr69, Asn181, Phe208, Ile335, Leu337, Phe352, and Tyr444 similar to standard MAO-A inhibitor clorgiline. The molecular dynamic studies demonstrated that AP3 and AP12 formed quite a stable complex at the active site of MAO-A and did not break under small abruption forces. The favourable binding interactions and appropriate ADMET properties present the benzhydrylpiperazine clubbed oxadiazole pharmacophoric features as a potential structural skeleton for further clinical evaluation and development of a new antidepressant drug molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilay Kumar Nandi
- Department of Pharmaceutical technology, Meerut institute of engineering and technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh 250005, India
| | - Shibam Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur G.T. Road, Moga 142001, Punjab, India; Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria, 7, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Diksha Choudhary
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Suresh Saini
- Center for Nano and Material Science, Jain University (Deemed-to-be University), Jain Global Campus, Jakkasandra Post, Ramanagara 562112, India
| | - Rohit Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur G.T. Road, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Pooja Chawla
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab 151203, India
| | - Rajwinder Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Sourav Kalra
- School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh 174103, India
| | - Ravi Rawat
- School of Health Sciences & Technology, UPES University, Dehradun 248007, India.
| | - Volkan Eyupoglu
- Department of Chemistry, Cankırı Karatekin University, Cankırı 18100, Turkey
| | - Bhupinder Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, HNB Garhwal University, Chauras Campus, Srinagar, Garhwal, Uttarakhand 246174, India; Department of Chemistry, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun 248002, Uttrakhand, India.
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9
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Pant S, Kumar K R, Rana P, Anthwal T, Ali SM, Gupta M, Chauhan M, Nain S. Novel Substituted Pyrimidine Derivatives as Potential Anti-Alzheimer's Agents: Synthesis, Biological, and Molecular Docking Studies. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:783-797. [PMID: 38320262 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The most frequent type of age-related dementia is Alzheimer's disease. To discover novel therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease, a series of substituted pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for anti-Alzheimer's activity. All the synthesized compounds were validated by 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and HRMS to assess the structural conformance of the newly synthesized compounds. The synthesized compounds were then evaluated for their in vivo acute toxicity study. Evaluation of acute toxicity showed that none of the synthesized compounds showed toxicity up to 1000 mg/kg. After in vivo acute toxicity studies, the compounds were subjected to behavioral and biochemical studies. Compound N4-(4-chlorophenyl)-N2-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 5b (SP-2) displayed an excellent anti-Alzheimer's profile, while the rest of the compounds showed satisfactory results in comparison to donepezil. Docking studies confirmed the results obtained through in vivo experiments and showed that 5b (SP-2) showed a similar interaction to that of donepezil. Further, in silico molecular property predictions showed that 5b (SP-2) possesses favorable drug-likeness and ADME properties for CNS activity. These results implied that 5b could serve as an appropriate lead molecule for the development of anti-Alzheimer's agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Pant
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Tonk, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Ranjith Kumar K
- Department of Chemistry, Vidya Vikas Institute of Engineering and Technology, VTU, Mysuru, Karnataka 570028, India
| | - Preeti Rana
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Balangar, Hyderabad 500064, india
| | - Tulika Anthwal
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Tonk, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Syed Mastan Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, Andhra Pradesh 522510, India
| | - Mohan Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Tonk, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Monika Chauhan
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Tonk, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Sumitra Nain
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Tonk, Rajasthan 304022, India
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Verma A, Waiker DK, Singh N, Roy A, Singh N, Saraf P, Bhardwaj B, Krishnamurthy S, Trigun SK, Shrivastava SK. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Investigation of Quinazoline Derivatives as Multitargeting Therapeutics in Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:745-771. [PMID: 38327209 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
An efficient and promising method of treating complex neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the multitarget-directed approach. Here in this work, a series of quinazoline derivatives (AV-1 to AV-21) were rationally designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated as multitargeted directed ligands against human cholinesterase (hChE) and human β-secretase (hBACE-1) that exhibit moderate to good inhibitory effects. Compounds AV-1, AV-2, and AV-3 from the series demonstrated balanced and significant inhibition against these targets. These compounds also displayed excellent blood-brain barrier permeability via the PAMPA-BBB assay. Compound AV-2 significantly displaced propidium iodide (PI) from the acetylcholinesterase-peripheral anionic site (AChE-PAS) and was found to be non-neurotoxic at the maximum tested concentration (80 μM) against differentiated SH-SY5Y cell lines. Compound AV-2 also prevented AChE- and self-induced Aβ aggregation in the thioflavin T assay. Additionally, compound AV-2 significantly ameliorated scopolamine and Aβ-induced cognitive impairments in the in vivo behavioral Y-maze and Morris water maze studies, respectively. The ex vivo and biochemical analysis further revealed good hippocampal AChE inhibition and the antioxidant potential of the compound AV-2. Western blot and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of hippocampal brain revealed reduced Aβ, BACE-1, APP/Aβ, and Tau molecular protein expressions levels. The pharmacokinetic analysis of compound AV-2 demonstrated significant oral absorption with good bioavailability. The in silico molecular modeling studies of lead compound AV-2 moreover demonstrated a reasonable binding profile with AChE and BACE-1 enzymes and stable ligand-protein complexes throughout the 100 ns run. Compound AV-2 can be regarded as the lead candidate and could be explored more for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Digambar Kumar Waiker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Neha Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Anima Roy
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Namrata Singh
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Poorvi Saraf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Bhagwati Bhardwaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sairam Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Surendra Kumar Trigun
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sushant Kumar Shrivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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D’Errico A, Nasso R, Di Maro A, Landi N, Chambery A, Russo R, D’Angelo S, Masullo M, Arcone R. Identification and Characterization of Neuroprotective Properties of Thaumatin-like Protein 1a from Annurca Apple Flesh Polyphenol Extract. Nutrients 2024; 16:307. [PMID: 38276545 PMCID: PMC10821328 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are multifactorial neurodegenerative disorders that are mostly treated with drugs inhibiting key enzymes of cholinergic and aminergic neurotransmission, such as acetyl and butyryl cholinesterase (AChE, BuChE) or monoamine oxidases (MAO)-A/B, and of Aβ1-40 aggregation. Diet plant components with multitarget functions are promising compounds in the prevention of AD and PD. Our aim was to identify neuroprotective compounds from Annurca apple polyphenol extract (AFPE). METHODS AFPE was fractionated by gel filtration, and the eluted peaks were subjected to chemical analyses (i.e., RP-HPLC and mass spectrometry), determination of inhibitory enzyme activity and cell effects by MTT, and morphology assays. RESULTS In AFPE, we identified thaumatin-like protein 1a, belonging to the pathogenesis-related protein (PR) family. This protein showed the best inhibitory activity on AChE, MAO-A (IC50 = 5.53 µM and 1.71 µM, respectively), and Aβ1-40 fibril aggregation (IC50 = 9.16 µM), compared to AFPE and other polyphenol-containing fractions. Among the latter, Peak 4 reverted Aβ fibril formation (IC50 = 104.87 µM). Moreover, thaumatin-like protein 1a protected AGS and MKN-28 cells from serum-deprivation-induced stress conditions. CONCLUSIONS We showed that AFPE exerted neuroprotective functions not only through its polyphenols but also through thaumatin-like protein 1a, which acted like a multitarget molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio D’Errico
- Department of Medical, Movement and Well-Being Sciences (DiSMMeB), University of Naples “Parthenope”, Via Medina 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (A.D.); (R.N.); (S.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Rosarita Nasso
- Department of Medical, Movement and Well-Being Sciences (DiSMMeB), University of Naples “Parthenope”, Via Medina 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (A.D.); (R.N.); (S.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Antimo Di Maro
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (A.D.M.); (N.L.); (A.C.); (R.R.)
| | - Nicola Landi
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (A.D.M.); (N.L.); (A.C.); (R.R.)
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council of Italy, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Angela Chambery
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (A.D.M.); (N.L.); (A.C.); (R.R.)
| | - Rosita Russo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (A.D.M.); (N.L.); (A.C.); (R.R.)
| | - Stefania D’Angelo
- Department of Medical, Movement and Well-Being Sciences (DiSMMeB), University of Naples “Parthenope”, Via Medina 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (A.D.); (R.N.); (S.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Mariorosario Masullo
- Department of Medical, Movement and Well-Being Sciences (DiSMMeB), University of Naples “Parthenope”, Via Medina 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (A.D.); (R.N.); (S.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Rosaria Arcone
- Department of Medical, Movement and Well-Being Sciences (DiSMMeB), University of Naples “Parthenope”, Via Medina 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (A.D.); (R.N.); (S.D.); (M.M.)
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Bernard PJ, Bellili D, Ismaili L. Calcium channel blockers' contribution to overcoming Current drug discovery challenges in Alzheimer's disease. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2024; 19:21-32. [PMID: 37800853 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2266994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, irreversible, and multifactorial brain disorder that gradually and insidiously destroys individual's memory, thinking, and other cognitive abilities. AREAS COVERED In this perspective, the authors examine the complex and multifactorial nature of Alzheimer's disease and believe that the best approach to develop new drugs is the MTDL strategy, which obviously faces several challenges. These challenges include identifying the key combination of targets and their suitability for coordinated actions, as well as developing an acceptable pharmacokinetic and toxicological profile to deliver a drug candidate. EXPERT OPINION Since calcium plays a crucial role in the pathology of AD, a polypharmacological approach with calcium channel blockers reinforced by activities targeting other factors involved in AD is a serious option in our opinion. This is exemplified by a phase III clinical trial using a drug combination approach with Losartan, Amlodipine (a calcium channel blocker), and Atorvastatin, as well as several MTDL-based calcium channel blockade approaches with a promising in vitro and in vivo profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Bernard
- Université de Franche-Comté, LINC, UFR Santé, Pôle de Chimie Médicinale, Besançon, France
| | - Djamila Bellili
- Université de Franche-Comté, LINC, UFR Santé, Pôle de Chimie Médicinale, Besançon, France
| | - Lhassane Ismaili
- Université de Franche-Comté, LINC, UFR Santé, Pôle de Chimie Médicinale, Besançon, France
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Jangid K, Devi B, Sahoo A, Kumar V, Dwivedi AR, Thareja S, Kumar R, Kumar V. Virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulation approach for the identification of potential multi-target directed ligands for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:509-527. [PMID: 37114423 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2201838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurological disorder characterized by memory loss and cognitive impairment. The currently available single-targeting drugs have miserably failed in the treatment of AD, and multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) are being explored as an alternative treatment strategy. Cholinesterase and monoamine oxidase enzymes are reported to play a crucial role in the pathology of AD, and multipotent ligands targeting these two enzymes simultaneously are under various phases of design and development. Recent studies have revealed that computational approaches are robust and trusted tools for identifying novel therapeutics. The current research work is focused on the development of potential multi-target directed ligands that simultaneously inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) enzymes employing a structure-based virtual screening (SBVS) approach. The ASINEX database was screened after applying pan assay interference and drug-likeness filter to identify novel molecules using three docking precision criteria; High Throughput Virtual Screening (HTVS), Standard Precision (SP), and Extra Precision (XP). Additionally, binding free energy calculations, ADME, and molecular dynamic simulations were employed to get structural insights into the mechanism of protein-ligand binding and pharmacokinetic properties. Three lead molecules viz. AOP19078710, BAS00314308 and BDD26909696 were successfully identified with binding scores of -10.565, -10.543 & -8.066 kcal/mol against AChE and -11.019, -12.357 & -10.068 kcal/mol against MAO-B, better score as compared to the standard inhibitors. In the near future, these molecules will be synthesized and evaluated through in vitro and in vivo assays for their inhibition potential against AChE and MAO-B enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash Jangid
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Bharti Devi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashrulochan Sahoo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Ashish Ranjan Dwivedi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Gitam School of Pharmacy Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Suresh Thareja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
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Zou D, Liu R, Lv Y, Guo J, Zhang C, Xie Y. Latest advances in dual inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase B against Alzheimer's disease. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2270781. [PMID: 37955252 PMCID: PMC10653629 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2270781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive brain disease characterised by progressive memory loss and cognition impairment, ultimately leading to death. There are three FDA-approved acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine, AChEIs) for the symptomatic treatment of AD. Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) has been considered to contribute to pathologies of AD. Therefore, we reviewed the dual inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and MAO-B developed in the last five years. In this review, these dual-target inhibitors were classified into six groups according to the basic parent structure, including chalcone, coumarin, chromone, benzo-fused five-membered ring, imine and hydrazine, and other scaffolds. Their design strategies, structure-activity relationships (SARs), and molecular docking studies with AChE and MAO-B were analysed and discussed, giving valuable insights for the subsequent development of AChE and MAO-B dual inhibitors. Challenges in the development of balanced and potent AChE and MAO-B dual inhibitors were noted, and corresponding solutions were provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajiang Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renzheng Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangjing Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianan Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changjun Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceutical, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Conceição RAD, von Ranke N, Azevedo L, Franco D, Nadur NF, Kummerle AE, Barbosa MLDC, Souza AMT. Structure-based design of new N-benzyl-piperidine derivatives as multitarget-directed AChE/BuChE inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:1734-1748. [PMID: 37796142 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenic complexity of Alzheimer's disease (AD) demands the development of multitarget-directed agents aiming at improving actual pharmacotherapy. Based on the cholinergic hypothesis and considering the well-established role of butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) in advanced stages of AD, the chemical structure of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor drug donepezil (1) was rationally modified for the design of new N-benzyl-piperidine derivatives (4a-d) as potential multitarget-direct AChE and BuChE inhibitors. The designed analogues were further studied through the integration of in silico and in vitro methods. ADMET predictions showed that 4a-d are anticipated to be orally bioavailable, able to cross the blood-brain barrier and be retained in the brain, and to have low toxicity. Computational docking and molecular dynamics indicated the formation of favorable complexes between 4a-d and both cholinesterases. Derivative 4a presented the lowest binding free energy estimation due to interaction with key residues from both target enzymes (-36.69 ± 4.47 and -32.23 ± 3.99 kcal/mol with AChE and BuChE, respectively). The in vitro enzymatic assay demonstrated that 4a was the most potent inhibitor of AChE (IC50 2.08 ± 0.16 µM) and BuChE (IC50 7.41 ± 0.44 µM), corroborating the in silico results and highlighting 4a as a novel multitarget-directed AChE/BuChE inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raissa Alves da Conceição
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling & QSAR (ModMolQSAR), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Medicinal Chemistry (LaSOQuiM), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Natalia von Ranke
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling & QSAR (ModMolQSAR), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Azevedo
- Laboratory of Molecular Diversity and Medicinal Chemistry (LaDMol-QM), Institute of Chemistry, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - Daiana Franco
- Laboratory of Molecular Diversity and Medicinal Chemistry (LaDMol-QM), Institute of Chemistry, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Fonseca Nadur
- Laboratory of Molecular Diversity and Medicinal Chemistry (LaDMol-QM), Institute of Chemistry, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - Arthur Eugen Kummerle
- Laboratory of Molecular Diversity and Medicinal Chemistry (LaDMol-QM), Institute of Chemistry, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - Maria Letícia de C Barbosa
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Medicinal Chemistry (LaSOQuiM), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alessandra M T Souza
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling & QSAR (ModMolQSAR), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Arcone R, D’Errico A, Nasso R, Rullo R, Poli A, Di Donato P, Masullo M. Inhibition of Enzymes Involved in Neurodegenerative Disorders and A β1-40 Aggregation by Citrus limon Peel Polyphenol Extract. Molecules 2023; 28:6332. [PMID: 37687161 PMCID: PMC10489013 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's diseases (PD) are multifactorial neurogenerative disorders of the Central Nervous System causing severe cognitive and motor deficits in elderly people. Because treatment of AD and PD by synthetic drugs alleviates the symptoms often inducing side effects, many studies have aimed to find neuroprotective properties of diet polyphenols, compounds known to act on different cell signaling pathways. In this article, we analyzed the effect of polyphenols obtained from the agro-food industry waste of Citrus limon peel (LPE) on key enzymes of cholinergic and aminergic neurotransmission, such as butyryl cholinesterase (BuChE) and monoamine oxidases (MAO)-A/B, on Aβ1-40 aggregation and on superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1/2 that affect oxidative stress. In our in vitro assays, LPE acts as an enzyme inhibitor on BuChE (IC50 ~ 73 µM), MAO-A/B (IC50 ~ 80 µM), SOD 1/2 (IC50 ~ 10-20 µM) and interferes with Aβ1-40 peptide aggregation (IC50 ~ 170 µM). These results demonstrate that LPE behaves as a multitargeting agent against key factors of AD and PD by inhibiting to various extents BuChE, MAOs, and SODs and reducing Aβ-fibril aggregation. Therefore, LPE is a promising candidate for the prevention and management of AD and PD symptoms in combination with pharmacological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Arcone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Parthenope”, Via Medina, 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (R.A.); (A.D.); (R.N.)
| | - Antonio D’Errico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Parthenope”, Via Medina, 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (R.A.); (A.D.); (R.N.)
| | - Rosarita Nasso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Parthenope”, Via Medina, 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (R.A.); (A.D.); (R.N.)
| | - Rosario Rullo
- ISPAAM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazzale Enrico Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Annarita Poli
- ICB, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (A.P.); (P.D.D.)
| | - Paola Di Donato
- ICB, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (A.P.); (P.D.D.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Parthenope”, Centro Direzionale Isola C4, 80143 Napoli, Italy
| | - Mariorosario Masullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Parthenope”, Via Medina, 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (R.A.); (A.D.); (R.N.)
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Kumar V, Singh PP, Dwivedi AR, Kumar N, Kumar R, Chandra Sahoo S, Chakraborty S, Kumar V. Caesium carbonate promoted regioselective O-functionalization of 4,6-diphenylpyrimidin-2(1 H)-ones under mild conditions and mechanistic insight. RSC Adv 2023; 13:16899-16906. [PMID: 37288373 PMCID: PMC10242382 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00773a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A facile one-step catalyst free methodology has been developed for the regioselective functionalization of 4,6-diphenylpyrimidin-2(1H)-ones under mild conditions. Selectivity towards the O-regioisomer was achieved by using Cs2CO3 in DMF without use of any coupling reagents. A total of 14 regioselective O-alkylated 4,6-diphenylpyrimidines were synthesized in 81-91% yield. In the DFT studies it was observed that the transition state for the formation of the O-regioisomer is more favourable with Cs2CO3 as compared to K2CO3. Furthermore, this methodology was extended to increase the O/N ratio for the alkylation of 2-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab Bathinda Punjab 151401 India +911642864214
| | - Praval Pratap Singh
- Department of Computational Sciences, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab 151401 India
| | - Ashish Ranjan Dwivedi
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab Bathinda Punjab 151401 India +911642864214
- Gitam School of Pharmacy Hyderabad Telangana 502329 India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab Bathinda Punjab 151401 India +911642864214
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab Bathinda Punjab 151401 India +911642864214
| | | | - Sudip Chakraborty
- Department of Computational Sciences, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab 151401 India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab Bathinda Punjab 151401 India +911642864214
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Sahu B, Bhatia R, Kaur D, Choudhary D, Rawat R, Sharma S, Kumar B. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of oxadiazole clubbed piperazine derivatives as potential antidepressant agents. Bioorg Chem 2023; 136:106544. [PMID: 37116324 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Piperazine derivatives have been of great interest to medicinal chemists in the development of antidepressant drugs due to their distinct molecular and structural features along with their pharmacological profile. In this study, we have designed and synthesized a series of 10 compounds of piperazine clubbed oxadiazole derivatives (5a-j) and screened for their MAO inhibitory activity. Compound 5f and 5 g were found to be the most potent MAO-A inhibitors of the series with IC50 values of 0.96 ± 0.04 µM µM and 0.81 ± 0.03 µM, respectively with a selectivity index of 18-folds and 9-folds over MAO-B isoform. The compounds were found to be reversible inhibitors of MAO-A with no cytotoxicity against SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. The compounds also displayed good antioxidant activity. Further, in vivo TST studies revealed that both the compounds 5f and 5 g possessed good anti-depressant-like activity and reduced the immobility time significantly although were found inactive in FST studies. The molecular docking studies revealed that both compounds fit well at the active site of MAO-A enzyme as similar to clorgyline and form a stable complex. The results were confirmed via molecular dynamic studies which demonstrate the stable complex formation between MAO-A and 5f & 5 g. The appropriate drug-like characteristics with favourable ADMET profile, these molecules presented this piperazine clubbed oxadiazole structural framework as a key pharmacophore for the development of new antidepressant molecules along with strong candidature for further clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, G.T Road, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
| | - Rohit Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, G.T Road, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
| | - Dilpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, G.T Road, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
| | - Diksha Choudhary
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401 Punjab, India
| | - Ravi Rawat
- School of Health Sciences & Technology, UPES University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Shilpa Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Bennett University, Greater Noida 201310, India
| | - Bhupinder Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, HNB Garhwal University, Chauras Campus, Srinagar, Garhwal, Uttarakhand 246174, India; Department of Chemistry, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248002, India.
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Cao Z, Zhang T, Fu X, Wang X, Xia Q, Zhong L, Zhu J. 2-Hydroxy-4-benzyloxylimine Resveratrol Derivatives as Potential Multifunctional Agents for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202200629. [PMID: 36622947 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A series of 2-hydroxy-4-benzyloxylimine resveratrol derivatives was designed, synthesized and evaluated as multifunctional agents for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The results revealed that most derivatives possessed good multifunctional activities. Among them, representative compound (E)-5-[(4-fluorobenzyl)oxy]-2-{[(4-hydroxyphenyl)imino]methyl}phenol (7 h) exhibited excellent MAO-B inhibition (IC50 =8.43×10-3 μM) and high antioxidant activity (ORAC=3.45 Trolox equivalent). Additionally, 7 h displayed good metal chelating ability, appropriate blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, significant neuroprotective effect, and great anti-neuroinflammatory activity. Furthermore, 7 h can also ameliorate 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson's disease symptoms in mice. Therefore, compound 7 h was found to be a promising candidate for further development against PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongcheng Cao
- School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, P. R. China
| | - Tianlong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, P. R. China
| | - Xianwu Fu
- School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, P. R. China
| | - Xingyue Wang
- School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, P. R. China
| | - Qian Xia
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Nanchong, 637000, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhong
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Nanchong, 637000, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, School of Pharmacy and Nanchong Key laboratory of MRI Contrast Agent, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, P. R. China
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Tripathi P, Ganeshpurkar A, Singh SK, Krishnamurthy S. Identification of novel glucocerebrosidase chaperone for potential treatment of Parkinson's disease: An approach using in silico virtual screening, molecular docking and molecular dynamics, and in vitro studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 228:453-466. [PMID: 36565835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glucocerebrosidase (GCase), a GBA1 gene-encoded lysosomal enzyme, is a risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). Chaperones that increase GCase activity can potentially be disease-modifying agents in PD. To date, none of the registered treatments has demonstrated disease-modifying effects. Thus, chaperones for GCase were identified using in-silico virtual screening, molecular property filtering, and molecular dynamics and validated by circular dichroism, FT-IR, and Raman spectroscopies. In-vitro enzyme kinetics, thermal denaturation assay (TDA), and cell-line model were used to test their potential for GCase In-silico investigation revealed four compounds as candidate chaperones with adequate brain penetrability and binding energy (BE). Of them, GC466 showed ideal chaperoning characteristics, including potent BE -8.92 ± 0.68 Kcal/mol and binding affinity (Ki) 0.64 ± 0.12 μM against rGCase (Asp146, Phe265, and His329 residues) at pH 7.0 than at 4.5 (BE: -5.06 Kcal/mol, Ki: not found). Spectroscopic results confirmed the stability of GCase by GC466. TDA determined its chaperoning behavior, signified by improved rGCase thermal stabilization with stabilization ratio of 10.20 at 10 μM. In addition, it demonstrated GCase restorative, neurorestorative, and ROS scavenging activity in 6-OHDA treated cell-line model. Therefore, the present study may offer a novel chaperone with the potential to be a disease-modifying agent for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratigya Tripathi
- Neurotherapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, U.P., India
| | - Ankit Ganeshpurkar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering &Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Singh
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering &Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sairam Krishnamurthy
- Neurotherapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, U.P., India.
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Manzoor S, Almarghalani DA, James AW, Raza MK, Kausar T, Nayeem SM, Hoda N, Shah ZA. Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel Triazole-Pyrimidine Hybrids as Potential Neuroprotective and Anti-neuroinflammatory Agents. Pharm Res 2023; 40:167-185. [PMID: 36376607 PMCID: PMC10964282 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03429-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuroprotection is a precise target for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, ischemic stroke, and traumatic brain injury. Pyrimidine and its derivatives have been proven to use antiviral, anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity prompting us to study the neuroprotection and anti-inflammatory activity of the triazole-pyrimidine hybrid on human microglia and neuronal cell model. METHODS A series of novel triazole-pyrimidine-based compounds were designed, synthesized and characterized by mass spectra, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and a single X-Ray diffraction analysis. Further, the neuroprotective, anti-neuroinflammatory activity was evaluated by cell viability assay (MTT), Elisa, qRT-PCR, western blotting, and molecular docking. RESULTS The molecular results revealed that triazole-pyrimidine hybrid compounds have promising neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. Among the 14 synthesized compounds, ZA3-ZA5, ZB2-ZB6, and intermediate S5 showed significant anti-neuroinflammatory properties through inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production in LPS-stimulated human microglia cells. From 14 compounds, six (ZA2 to ZA6 and intermediate S5) exhibited promising neuroprotective activity by reduced expression of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone, BIP, and apoptosis marker cleaved caspase-3 in human neuronal cells. Also, a molecular docking study showed that lead compounds have favorable interaction with active residues of ATF4 and NF-kB proteins. CONCLUSION The possible mechanism of action was observed through the inhibition of ER stress, apoptosis, and the NF-kB inflammatory pathway. Thus, our study strongly indicates that the novel scaffolds of triazole-pyrimidine-based compounds can potentially be developed as neuroprotective and anti-neuroinflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoaib Manzoor
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia Central University, New Delhi, India, 110025
| | - Daniyah A Almarghalani
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Antonisamy William James
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Md Kausar Raza
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Tasneem Kausar
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, 202002, India
| | - Shahid M Nayeem
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, 202002, India
| | - Nasimul Hoda
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia Central University, New Delhi, India, 110025.
| | - Zahoor A Shah
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
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22
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Design, Synthesis, Pharmacological and In Silico Screening of Disubstituted-Piperazine Derivatives as Selective and Reversible MAO-A Inhibitors for Treatment of Depression. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Singh K, Bhatia R, Kumar B, Singh G, Monga V. Design Strategies, Chemistry and Therapeutic Insights of Multi-target Directed Ligands as Antidepressant Agents. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1329-1358. [PMID: 34727859 PMCID: PMC9881079 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666211102154311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is one of the major disorders of the central nervous system worldwide and causes disability and functional impairment. According to the World Health Organization, around 265 million people worldwide are affected by depression. Currently marketed antidepressant drugs take weeks or even months to show anticipated clinical efficacy but remain ineffective in treating suicidal thoughts and cognitive impairment. Due to the multifactorial complexity of the disease, single-target drugs do not always produce satisfactory results and lack the desired level of therapeutic efficacy. Recent literature reports have revealed improved therapeutic potential of multi-target directed ligands due to their synergistic potency and better safety. Medicinal chemists have gone to great extents to design multitarget ligands by generating structural hybrids of different key pharmacophores with improved binding affinities and potency towards different receptors or enzymes. This article has compiled the design strategies of recently published multi-target directed ligands as antidepressant agents. Their biological evaluation, structural-activity relationships, mechanistic and in silico studies have also been described. This article will prove to be highly useful for the researchers to design and develop multi-target ligands as antidepressants with high potency and therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karanvir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga-142001, Punjab, India;
| | - Rohit Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga-142001, Punjab, India;
| | - Bhupinder Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga-142001, Punjab, India;
| | - Gurpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga-142001, Punjab, India;
| | - Vikramdeep Monga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga-142001, Punjab, India; ,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, VPO-Ghudda, Bathinda-151401, Punjab, India,Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga-142001, Punjab, India; E-mails: ;
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Kumar B, Dwivedi AR, Arora T, Raj K, Prashar V, Kumar V, Singh S, Prakash J, Kumar V. Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Evaluation of N-Propargylated Diphenylpyrimidines as Multitarget Directed Ligands for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:2122-2139. [PMID: 35797244 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a multifactorial complex neural disorder, is categorized with progressive memory loss and cognitive impairment as main clinical features. The multitarget directed ligand (MTDL) strategy is explored for the treatment of multifactorial diseases such as cancer and AD. Herein, we report the synthesis and screening of 24 N-propargyl-substituted diphenylpyrimidine derivatives as MTDLs against acetylcholine/butyrylcholine esterases and monoamine oxidase enzymes. In this series, VP1 showed the most potent MAO-B inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 0.04 ± 0.002 μM. VP15 with an IC50 value of 0.04 ± 0.003 μM and a selectivity index of 626 (over BuChE) displayed the most potent AChE inhibitory activity in this series. In the reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibition studies, VP1 reduced intercellular ROS levels in SH-SY5Y cells by 36%. This series of compounds also exhibited potent neuroprotective potential against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuronal damage in SH-SY5Y cells with up to 90% recovery. In the in vivo studies in the rats, the hydrochloride salt of VP15 was orally administered and found to cross the blood-brain barrier and reach the target site. VP15·HCl significantly attenuated the spatial memory impairment and improved the cognitive deficits in the mice. This series of compounds were found to be irreversible inhibitors and showed no cytotoxicity against neuronal cells. In in silico studies, the compounds attained thermodynamically stable orientation with complete occupancy at the active site of the receptors. Thus, N-propargyl-substituted diphenylpyrimidines displayed drug-like characteristics and have the potential to be developed as MTDLs for the effective treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupinder Kumar
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, G.T Road, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
| | - Ashish Ranjan Dwivedi
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India
| | - Tania Arora
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India
| | - Khadga Raj
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, G.T Road, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
| | - Vikash Prashar
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India
| | - Shamsher Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, G.T Road, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
| | - Jyoti Prakash
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India
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25
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Nandi NK, Vyas A, Akhtar MJ, Kumar B. The growing concern of chlorpyrifos exposures on human and environmental health. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 185:105138. [PMID: 35772841 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CP) and its highly electrophilic intermediates are principal toxic metabolites. The active form of CP i.e. chlorpyrifos oxon (CP-oxon) is responsible for both the insecticidal activity and is also of greater risk when present in the atmosphere. Thus, the combined effects of both CP, CP-oxan, and other metabolites enhance our understanding of the safety and risk of the insecticide CP. They cause major toxicities such as AChE inhibition, oxidative stress, and endocrine disruption. Further, it can have adverse hematological, musculoskeletal, renal, ocular, and dermal effects. Excessive use of this compound results in poisoning and potentially kills a non-target species upon exposure including humans. Several examples of reactive metabolites toxicities on plants, aquatic life, and soil are presented herein. The review covers the general overview on reactive metabolites of CP, chemistry and their mechanism through toxic effects on humans as well as on the environment. Considerable progress has been made in the replacement or alternative to CP. The different strategies including antidote mechanisms for the prevention and treatment of CP poisoning are discussed in this review. The approach analyses also the active metabolites for the pesticide activity and thus it becomes more important to know the pesticide and toxicity dose of CP as much as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilay Kumar Nandi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, G.T Road, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
| | - Akshun Vyas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, G.T Road, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
| | - Md Jawaid Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National University of Science and Technology, PO 620, PC 130, Azaiba, Bousher, Muscat, Oman
| | - Bhupinder Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, G.T Road, Moga, Punjab 142001, India.
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Role of Natural Compounds and Target Enzymes in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134175. [PMID: 35807418 PMCID: PMC9268689 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurological condition. The rising prevalence of AD necessitates the rapid development of efficient therapy options. Despite substantial study, only a few medications are capable of delaying the disease. Several substances with pharmacological activity, derived from plants, have been shown to have positive benefits for the treatment of AD by targeting various enzymes, such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), β-secretase, γ-secretase, and monoamine oxidases (MAOs), which are discussed as potential targets. Medicinal plants have already contributed a number of lead molecules to medicine development, with many of them currently undergoing clinical trials. A variety of medicinal plants have been shown to diminish the degenerative symptoms associated with AD, either in their raw form or as isolated compounds. The aim of this review was to provide a brief summary of AD and its current therapies, followed by a discussion of the natural compounds examined as therapeutic agents and the processes underlying the positive effects, particularly the management of AD.
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27
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Advancements in the development of multi-target directed ligands for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 61:116742. [PMID: 35398739 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial irreversible neurological disorder which results in cognitive impairment, loss of cholinergic neurons in synapses of the basal forebrain and neuronal death. Exact pathology of the disease is not yet known however, many hypotheses have been proposed for its treatment. The available treatments including monotherapies and combination therapies are not able to combat the disease effectively because of its complex pathological mechanism. A multipotent drug for AD has the potential to bind or inhibit multiple targets responsible for the progression of the disease like aggregated Aβ, hyperphosphorylated tau proteins, cholinergic and adrenergic receptors, MAO enzymes, overactivated N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA), α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor etc. The traditional approach of one disease-one target-one drug has been rationalized to one drug-multi targets for the chronic diseases like AD and cancer. Thus, over the last decade research focus has been shifted towards the development of multi target directed ligands (MTDLs) which can simultaneously inhibit multiple targets and stop or slow the progression of the disease. The MTDLs can be more effective against AD and eliminate any possibility of drug-drug interactions. Many important active pharmacophore units have been fused, merged or incorporated into different scaffolds to synthesize new potent drugs. In the current article, we have described various hypothesis for AD and effectiveness of the MTDLs treatment strategy is discussed in detail. Different chemical scaffolds and their synthetic strategies have been described and important functionalities are identified in the chemical scaffold that have the potential to bind to the multiple targets. The important leads identified in this study with MTDL characteristics have the potential to be developed as drug candidates for the effective treatment of AD.
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28
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Rullo M, Cipolloni M, Catto M, Colliva C, Miniero DV, Latronico T, de Candia M, Benicchi T, Linusson A, Giacchè N, Altomare CD, Pisani L. Probing Fluorinated Motifs onto Dual AChE-MAO B Inhibitors: Rational Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Early-ADME Studies. J Med Chem 2022; 65:3962-3977. [PMID: 35195417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Bioisosteric H/F or CH2OH/CF2H replacement was introduced in coumarin derivatives previously characterized as dual AChE-MAO B inhibitors to probe the effects on both inhibitory potency and drug-likeness. Along with in vitro screening, we investigated early-ADME parameters related to solubility and lipophilicity (Sol7.4, CHI7.4, log D7.4), oral bioavailability and central nervous system (CNS) penetration (PAMPA-HDM and PAMPA-blood-brain barrier (BBB) assays, Caco-2 bidirectional transport study), and metabolic liability (half-lives and clearance in microsomes, inhibition of CYP3A4). Both specific and nonspecific tissue toxicities were determined in SH-SY5Y and HepG2 lines, respectively. Compound 15 bearing a -CF2H motif emerged as a water-soluble, orally bioavailable CNS-permeant potent inhibitor of both human AChE (IC50 = 550 nM) and MAO B (IC50 = 8.2 nM, B/A selectivity > 1200). Moreover, 15 behaved as a safe and metabolically stable neuroprotective agent, devoid of cytochrome liability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariagrazia Rullo
- Department of Pharmacy─Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Marco Catto
- Department of Pharmacy─Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Valeria Miniero
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Latronico
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Modesto de Candia
- Department of Pharmacy─Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Anna Linusson
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nicola Giacchè
- TES Pharma s.r.l., Corso Vannucci 47, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Cosimo Damiano Altomare
- Department of Pharmacy─Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Leonardo Pisani
- Department of Pharmacy─Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
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29
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Discovery of novel 3-butyl-6-benzyloxyphthalide Mannich base derivatives as multifunctional agents against Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 58:116660. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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30
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Kumar B, Kumar N, Thakur A, Kumar V, Kumar R, Kumar V. A Review on the Arylpiperazine Derivatives as Potential Therapeutics for the Treatment of Various Neurological Disorders. Curr Drug Targets 2022; 23:729-751. [DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666220117104038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Abstract:
Neurological disorders are disease conditions related to the neurons and central nervous system (CNS). Any kind of structural, electrical, biochemical and functional abnormalities in neurons can lead to various types of disorders like Alzheimer’s disease (AD), depression, Parkinson’s disease (PD), epilepsy, stroke, etc. Currently available medicines are symptomatic and do not treat the disease state. Thus, novel CNS active agents with the potential of complete treatment of an illness are highly desired. A range of small organic molecules are being explored as potential drug candidates for the cure of different neurological disorders. In this context, arylpiperazine has been found to be a versatile scaffold and indispensable pharmacophore in many CNS active agents. A number of molecules with arylpiperazine nucleus have been developed as potent leads for the treatment of AD, PD, depression and other disorders. The arylpiperazine nucleus can be optionally substituted at different chemical structures and offer flexibility for the synthesis of large number of derivatives. In the current review article, we have explored the role of various arylpiperazine containing scaffolds against different neurological disorders, including AD, PD, and depression. The structure-activity relationship studies were conducted for recognizing potent lead compounds. This review article may provide important clues on the structural requirements for the design and synthesis of effective molecules as curative agents for different neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupinder Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India-151401
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India-151401
| | - Amandeep Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India-151401
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India-151401
| | | | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India-151401
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31
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Róg T, Girych M, Bunker A. Mechanistic Understanding from Molecular Dynamics in Pharmaceutical Research 2: Lipid Membrane in Drug Design. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1062. [PMID: 34681286 PMCID: PMC8537670 DOI: 10.3390/ph14101062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We review the use of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation as a drug design tool in the context of the role that the lipid membrane can play in drug action, i.e., the interaction between candidate drug molecules and lipid membranes. In the standard "lock and key" paradigm, only the interaction between the drug and a specific active site of a specific protein is considered; the environment in which the drug acts is, from a biophysical perspective, far more complex than this. The possible mechanisms though which a drug can be designed to tinker with physiological processes are significantly broader than merely fitting to a single active site of a single protein. In this paper, we focus on the role of the lipid membrane, arguably the most important element outside the proteins themselves, as a case study. We discuss work that has been carried out, using MD simulation, concerning the transfection of drugs through membranes that act as biological barriers in the path of the drugs, the behavior of drug molecules within membranes, how their collective behavior can affect the structure and properties of the membrane and, finally, the role lipid membranes, to which the vast majority of drug target proteins are associated, can play in mediating the interaction between drug and target protein. This review paper is the second in a two-part series covering MD simulation as a tool in pharmaceutical research; both are designed as pedagogical review papers aimed at both pharmaceutical scientists interested in exploring how the tool of MD simulation can be applied to their research and computational scientists interested in exploring the possibility of a pharmaceutical context for their research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Róg
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Mykhailo Girych
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Alex Bunker
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
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Manzoor S, Gabr MT, Rasool B, Pal K, Hoda N. Dual targeting of acetylcholinesterase and tau aggregation: Design, synthesis and evaluation of multifunctional deoxyvasicinone analogues for Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Chem 2021; 116:105354. [PMID: 34562674 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Development of multitargeted ligands have demonstrated remarkable efficiency as potential therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein, we reported a new series of deoxyvasicinone analogues as dual inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and tau aggregation that function as multitargeted ligands for AD. All the multitargeted ligands 11(a-j) and 15(a-g) were designed, synthesized, and validated by 1HNMR, 13CNMR and mass spectrometry. All the synthesized compounds 11(a-j) and 15(a-g) were screened for their ability to inhibit AChE, BACE1, amyloid fibrillation, α-syn aggregation, and tau aggregation. All the screened compounds possessed weak inhibition of BACE-1, Aβ42 and α-syn aggregation. However, several compounds were identified as potential hits in the AChE inhibitory screening assay and cellular tau aggregation screening. Among all compounds, 11f remarkably inhibited AChE activity and cellular tau oligomerization at single-dose screening (10 µM). Moreover, 11f displayed a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 0.91 ± 0.05 µM and half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) value of 3.83 ± 0.51 µM for the inhibition of AChE and cellular tau oligomerization, respectively. In addition, the neuroprotective effect of 11f was determined in tau-expressing SH-SY5Y cells incubated with Aβ oligomers. These findings highlighted the potential of 11f to function as a multifunctional ligand for the development of promising anti-AD drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoaib Manzoor
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
| | - Moustafa T Gabr
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States.
| | - Bisma Rasool
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Kavita Pal
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Nasimul Hoda
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
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Singh K, Pal R, Khan SA, Kumar B, Akhtar MJ. Insights into the structure activity relationship of nitrogen-containing heterocyclics for the development of antidepressant compounds: An updated review. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Zhang C, Tang C, Mei Y, Zhang L, Zhu A, Tian Y. A ratiometric electrochemical sensor for selectively monitoring monoamine oxidase A in the live brain. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:6487-6490. [PMID: 34100043 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00787d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, an electrochemical method for selectively sensing and accurately quantifying monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) in the cortex and thalamus of a live mouse brain was reported. Using this tool, it was found that MAO-A increased Ca2+ entry into neurons via the TPRM2 channel in the live mouse brain of an AD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanping Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China.
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Mannan A, Singh TG, Singh V, Garg N, Kaur A, Singh M. Insights into the Mechanism of the Therapeutic Potential of Herbal Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors in Neurological Diseases. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 23:286-310. [PMID: 34238153 DOI: 10.2174/1389450122666210707120256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is an enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of monoamines and other proteins. MAO's hyperactivation results in the massive generation of reactive oxygen species, which leads to a variety of neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and depression-like disorders. Although synthetic MAO inhibitors are clinically available, they are associated with side effects such as hepatotoxicity, cheese reaction, hypertensive crisis, and so on, necessitating the investigation of alternative MAO inhibitors from a natural source with a safe profile. Herbal medications have a significant impact on the prevention of many diseases; additionally, they have fewer side effects and serve as a precursor for drug development. This review discusses the potential of herbal MAO inhibitors as well as their associated mechanism of action, with an aim to foster future research on herbal MAO inhibitors as potential treatment for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashi Mannan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | | | - Varinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Nikhil Garg
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Amarjot Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Manjinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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Annatelli M, Trapasso G, Salaris C, Salata C, Castellano S, Aricò F. Mustard Carbonate Analogues as Sustainable Reagents for the Aminoalkylation of Phenols. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Annatelli
- Department of Environmental Sciences Informatics and Statistics Ca' Foscari University Campus Scientifico, Via Torino 155 30172 Venezia Mestre Italy
| | - Giacomo Trapasso
- Department of Environmental Sciences Informatics and Statistics Ca' Foscari University Campus Scientifico, Via Torino 155 30172 Venezia Mestre Italy
| | - Claudio Salaris
- Department of Molecular Medicine Padua University via Gabelli 63 35121 Padova Italy
| | - Cristiano Salata
- Department of Molecular Medicine Padua University via Gabelli 63 35121 Padova Italy
| | - Sabrina Castellano
- Department of Pharmacy University of Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 84084 Fisciano, Salerno Italy
| | - Fabio Aricò
- Department of Environmental Sciences Informatics and Statistics Ca' Foscari University Campus Scientifico, Via Torino 155 30172 Venezia Mestre Italy
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Kumar B, Thakur A, Dwivedi AR, Kumar R, Kumar V. Multi-Target-Directed Ligands as an Effective Strategy for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:1757-1803. [PMID: 33982650 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210512005508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurological disorder, and multiple pathological factors are believed to be involved in the genesis and progression of the disease. A number of hypotheses, including Acetylcholinesterase, Monoamine oxidase, β-Amyloid, Tau protein, etc., have been proposed for the initiation and progression of the disease. At present, acetylcholine esterase inhibitors and memantine (NMDAR antagonist) are the only approved therapies for the symptomatic management of AD. Most of these single-target drugs have miserably failed in the treatment or halting the progression of the disease. Multi-factorial diseases like AD require complex treatment strategies that involve simultaneous modulation of a network of interacting targets. Since the last few years, Multi-Target-Directed Ligands (MTDLs) strategy, drugs that can simultaneously hit multiple targets, is being explored as an effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of AD. In the current review article, the authors have briefly described various pathogenic pathways associated with AD. The importance of Multi-Target-Directed Ligands and their design strategies in recently reported articles have been discussed in detail. Potent leads are identified through various structure-activity relationship studies, and their drug-like characteristics are described. Recently developed promising compounds have been summarized in the article. Some of these MTDLs with balanced activity profiles against different targets have the potential to be developed as drug candidates for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupinder Kumar
- Central University of Punjab Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, India
| | - Amandeep Thakur
- Central University of Punjab Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, India
| | | | - Rakesh Kumar
- Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab-151001, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab-151001, India
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De Boer D, Nguyen N, Mao J, Moore J, Sorin EJ. A Comprehensive Review of Cholinesterase Modeling and Simulation. Biomolecules 2021; 11:580. [PMID: 33920972 PMCID: PMC8071298 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The present article reviews published efforts to study acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase structure and function using computer-based modeling and simulation techniques. Structures and models of both enzymes from various organisms, including rays, mice, and humans, are discussed to highlight key structural similarities in the active site gorges of the two enzymes, such as flexibility, binding site location, and function, as well as differences, such as gorge volume and binding site residue composition. Catalytic studies are also described, with an emphasis on the mechanism of acetylcholine hydrolysis by each enzyme and novel mutants that increase catalytic efficiency. The inhibitory activities of myriad compounds have been computationally assessed, primarily through Monte Carlo-based docking calculations and molecular dynamics simulations. Pharmaceutical compounds examined herein include FDA-approved therapeutics and their derivatives, as well as several other prescription drug derivatives. Cholinesterase interactions with both narcotics and organophosphate compounds are discussed, with the latter focusing primarily on molecular recognition studies of potential therapeutic value and on improving our understanding of the reactivation of cholinesterases that are bound to toxins. This review also explores the inhibitory properties of several other organic and biological moieties, as well as advancements in virtual screening methodologies with respect to these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danna De Boer
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA;
| | - Nguyet Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA; (N.N.); (J.M.)
| | - Jia Mao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA; (N.N.); (J.M.)
| | - Jessica Moore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA;
| | - Eric J. Sorin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA;
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Annurca Apple Polyphenol Extract Affects Acetyl- Cholinesterase and Mono-Amine Oxidase In Vitro Enzyme Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14010062. [PMID: 33466604 PMCID: PMC7828649 DOI: 10.3390/ph14010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we explored the ability of Annurca apple flesh polyphenol extract (AFPE) to affect the activity of key enzymes involved in neurodegenerative disorders—in particular, Acetyl- and Butirryl-cholinesterases, and type A and B monoamine oxidase. The effect of AFPE on enzyme activity was analyzed by in vitro enzyme assays, and the results showed concentration-dependent enzyme inhibition, with IC50 values corresponding to 859 ± 18 µM and 966 ± 72 µM for AChE and BuChE respectively, and IC50 corresponding to 145 ± 3 µM and 199 ± 7 µM for MAO-A and MAO-B, respectively, with a preference for MAO-A. Moreover, in this concentration range, AFPE did not affect the viability of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y and fibroblast BJ-5ta cell lines, as determined by an MTT assay. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that AFPE shows the new biological properties of inhibiting the activity of enzymes that are involved in brain functions, neurodegenerative disorders, and aging.
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Singh S, Dhanawat M, Gupta S, Kumar D, Kakkar S, Nair A, Verma I, Sharma P. Naturally Inspired Pyrimidines Analogues for Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 19:136-151. [PMID: 33176653 PMCID: PMC8033975 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666201111110136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifarious and developing neurodegenerative disorder. The treatment of AD is still a challenge and availability of drug therapy on the basis of symptoms is not up to the mark. In the context of existence, which is getting worse for the human brain, it is necessary to take care of all critical measures. The disease is caused due to multidirectional pathology of the body, which demands the multi-target-directed ligand (MTDL) approach. This gives hope for new drugs for AD, summarized here in with the pyrimidine based natural product inspired molecule as a lead. The review is sufficient in providing a list of chemical ingredients of the plant to cure AD and screen them against various potential targets of AD. The synthesis of a highly functionalized scaffold in one step in a single pot without isolating the intermediate is a challenging task. In few examples, we have highlighted the importance of this kind of reaction, generally known as multi-component reaction. Multi-component is a widely accepted technique by the drug discovery people due to its high atom economy. It reduces multi-step process to a one-step process, therefore the compounds library can be made in minimum time and cost. This review has highlighted the importance of multicomponent reactions by giving the example of active scaffolds of pyrimidine/fused pyrimidines. This would bring importance to the fast as well as smart synthesis of bio-relevant molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Somany College of Pharmacy, Rewari, Haryana, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Meenakshi Dhanawat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M. M. College of Pharmacy, M. M. (Deemed to be University), Mullana, (Ambala), Haryana, India
| | - Sumeet Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M. M. College of Pharmacy, M. M. (Deemed to be University), Mullana, (Ambala), Haryana, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Indra Gandhi University, Mirpur, Rewari Haryana, India
| | - Saloni Kakkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Anroop Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Inderjeet Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M. M. College of Pharmacy, M. M. (Deemed to be University), Mullana, (Ambala), Haryana, India
| | - Prerna Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M. M. College of Pharmacy, M. M. (Deemed to be University), Mullana, (Ambala), Haryana, India
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Ranjan Dwivedi A, Kumar V, Kaur H, Kumar N, Prakash Yadav R, Poduri R, Baranwal S, Kumar V. Anti-proliferative potential of triphenyl substituted pyrimidines against MDA-MB-231, HCT-116 and HT-29 cancer cell lines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127468. [PMID: 32768647 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of triphenyl substituted pyrimidines as analogous of colchicine and combretastatin A-4 was synthesized and evaluated for the antiproliferative potential. The compounds were screened against MDA-MB-231, HCT-116 and HT-29 cell lines using MTT assay. Most of the compounds displayed antiproliferative activity in low to sub micro molar concentration. Amongst the synthesized derivatives, compounds HK-2, HK-10 and HK-13 were found to be effective against all the three cancer cell lines. HK-2 exhibited IC50 values of 3.39 µM, 4.78 µM and 4.23 µM, HK-10 showed IC50 values of 0.81 µM, 5.89 µM, 4.96 µM and HK-13 showed IC50 values 3.24 µM, 4.93 µM and 4.73 µM against MDA-MB-231, HCT-116 and HT-29 cancer cell lines, respectively. HK-10 was found to be the most potent compound in the series with IC50 values of 0.81 µM against MDA-MB-231. In the cell cycle analysis, HK-2 and HK-10 showed cell arrest at G2/M phase of the cell cycle while HK-13 inhibited cell growth at the G1/G0 phase. All the three compounds showed cell death induced through apoptosis. In the docking studies, HK-2, HK-10 and HK-13 were found to fit well in the colchicine binding site of the tubulin. Some of the compounds in the current series were found to be promising against all the three cancer cell lines and may act as potent leads for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Ranjan Dwivedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151001, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151001, India
| | - Harmeet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151001, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151001, India
| | - Ravi Prakash Yadav
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151001, India
| | - Ramarao Poduri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151001, India
| | - Somesh Baranwal
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151001, India.
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151001, India; Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151001, India.
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Manzoor S, Hoda N. A comprehensive review of monoamine oxidase inhibitors as Anti-Alzheimer's disease agents: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 206:112787. [PMID: 32942081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidases (MAO-A and MAO-B) are mammalian flavoenzyme, which catalyze the oxidative deamination of several neurotransmitters like norepinephrine, dopamine, tyramine, serotonin, and some other amines. The oxidative deamination produces several harmful side products like ammonia, peroxides, and aldehydes during the biochemical reaction. The concentration of biochemical neurotransmitter alteration in the brain by MAO is directly related with several neurological disorders like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease (PD). Activated MAO also contributes to the amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation by two successive cleft β-secretase and γ-secretase of amyloid precursor protein (APP). Additionally, activated MAO is also involved in aggregation of neurofibrillary tangles and cognitive destruction through the cholinergic neuronal damage and disorder of the cholinergic system. MAO inhibition has general anti-Alzheimer's disease effect as a consequence of oxidative stress reduction prompted by MAO enzymes. In this review, we outlined and addressed recent understanding on MAO enzymes such as their structure, physiological function, catalytic mechanism, and possible therapeutic goals in AD. In addition, it also highlights the current development and discovery of potential MAO inhibitors (MAOIs) from various chemical scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoaib Manzoor
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Nasimul Hoda
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.
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Bowroju SK, Mainali N, Ayyadevara S, Penthala NR, Krishnamachari S, Kakraba S, Reis RJS, Crooks PA. Design and Synthesis of Novel Hybrid 8-Hydroxy Quinoline-Indole Derivatives as Inhibitors of Aβ Self-Aggregation and Metal Chelation-Induced Aβ Aggregation. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163610. [PMID: 32784464 PMCID: PMC7463714 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of novel hybrid 8-hydroxyquinoline-indole derivatives (7a-7e, 12a-12b and 18a-18h) were synthesized and screened for inhibitory activity against self-induced and metal-ion induced Aβ1-42 aggregation as potential treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD). In vitro studies identified the most inhibitory compounds against self-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation as 18c, 18d and 18f (EC50 = 1.72, 1.48 and 1.08 µM, respectively) compared to the known anti-amyloid drug, clioquinol (1, EC50 = 9.95 µM). The fluorescence of thioflavin T-stained amyloid formed by Aβ1-42 aggregation in the presence of Cu2+ or Zn2+ ions was also dramatically decreased by treatment with 18c, 18d and 18f. The most potent hybrid compound 18f afforded 82.3% and 88.3% inhibition, respectively, against Cu2+- induced and Zn2+- induced Aβ1-42 aggregation. Compounds 18c, 18d and 18f were shown to be effective in reducing protein aggregation in HEK-tau and SY5Y-APPSw cells. Molecular docking studies with the most active compounds performed against Aβ1-42 peptide indicated that the potent inhibitory activity of 18d and 18f were predicted to be due to hydrogen bonding interactions, π-π stacking interactions and π-cation interactions with Aβ1-42, which may inhibit both self-aggregation as well as metal ion binding to Aβ1-42 to favor the inhibition of Aβ1-42 aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh K. Bowroju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (S.K.B.); (N.R.P.)
| | - Nirjal Mainali
- Bioinformatics Program, University of Arkansas at Little Rock and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (N.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Srinivas Ayyadevara
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare Service, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (S.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Narsimha R. Penthala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (S.K.B.); (N.R.P.)
| | - Sesha Krishnamachari
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare Service, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (S.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Samuel Kakraba
- Bioinformatics Program, University of Arkansas at Little Rock and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (N.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Robert J. Shmookler Reis
- Bioinformatics Program, University of Arkansas at Little Rock and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (N.M.); (S.K.)
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare Service, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (S.K.); (S.A.)
- Department of Geriatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Peter A. Crooks
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (S.K.B.); (N.R.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Kumar V, Kumar B, Ranjan Dwivedi A, Mehta D, Kumar N, Bajaj B, Arora T, Prashar V, Parkash J, Kumar V. Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of
O
‐Pentyne Substituted Diphenylpyrimidines as Monoamine Oxidase and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products Central University of Punjab Bathinda, Punjab India- 151001
| | - Bhupinder Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products Central University of Punjab Bathinda, Punjab India- 151001
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, G.T Road Moga, Punjab India- 142001
| | - Ashish Ranjan Dwivedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products Central University of Punjab Bathinda, Punjab India- 151001
| | - Devashish Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products Central University of Punjab Bathinda, Punjab India- 151001
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products Central University of Punjab Bathinda, Punjab India- 151001
| | - Beenu Bajaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products Central University of Punjab Bathinda, Punjab India- 151001
| | - Tania Arora
- Department of Zoology School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda Punjab India- 151001
| | - Vikash Prashar
- Department of Zoology School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda Punjab India- 151001
| | - Jyoti Parkash
- Department of Zoology School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda Punjab India- 151001
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products Central University of Punjab Bathinda, Punjab India- 151001
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab Bathinda, Punjab India- 151001
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45
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Matos MJ, Herrera Ibatá DM, Uriarte E, Viña D. Coumarin-Rasagiline Hybrids as Potent and Selective hMAO-B Inhibitors, Antioxidants, and Neuroprotective Agents. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:532-538. [PMID: 32037726 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The frequency, complexity and morbidity of neurodegenerative diseases make them a great challenge for nowadays medicine. Most of the treatments currently used for Parkinson's disease - the second most prevalent - are only symptomatic. Therefore, it is urgent to develop drugs that are able to act simultaneously on different targets, being able to stop neuronal death and promote the recovery of neuronal populations already affected. In this work, we studied the activity of a series of hybrid molecules, which combine the structure of both coumarin and an alkynylamine group inspired on rasagiline, as MAO inhibitors, antioxidants and neuroprotective agents. Half of the studied hybrids turned out to be selective monoamine oxidase B (hMAO-B) inhibitors in the low micro/nanomolar range, demonstrating that positions 3 (compounds 1-3) and 7 (compounds 8 and 10) of the coumarin scaffold are the most suitable for the incorporation of the alkynylamine chain. All the studied compounds proved to be capable of neutralizing free radicals (DPPH). Finally, the 4-(but-2-yn-1-ylamino)coumarin (5) showed neuroprotective effects on glial cells and the 4-methyl-7-(pent-2-yn-1-ylamino)coumarin (8) inhibited intraneuronal ROS production as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Matos
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Diana M Herrera Ibatá
- Chronic Diseases Pharmacology Group Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eugenio Uriarte
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, 7500912, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dolores Viña
- Chronic Diseases Pharmacology Group Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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46
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Kaur P, Kumar B, Gurjar KK, Kumar R, Kumar V, Kumar R. Metal- and Solvent-Free Multicomponent Decarboxylative A 3-Coupling for the Synthesis of Propargylamines: Experimental, Computational, and Biological Investigations. J Org Chem 2020; 85:2231-2241. [PMID: 31877044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Decarboxylative A3-coupling of ortho-hydroxybenzaldehydes, secondary amines, and alkynoic acids is performed under catalyst and solvent-free conditions. The developed methodology provided a waste-free method for the synthesis of hydroxylated propargylamines which are versatile precursors for various bioactive heterocyclic scaffolds. The experimental and density functional theory studies revealed that the in situ-formed ortho-quinonoid intermediate (formed from ortho-hydroxybenzaldehyde and amine) undergoes a concerted Eschweiler-Clarke type decarboxylation with alkynoic acids. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for MAO-A, MAO-B, and AChE inhibitory activities as potential drug candidates for the treatment of various neurological disorders. Compound 4f was found to be the most potent and selective MAO-B (high selectivity over MAO-A) and AChE inhibitor in the series with IC50 values of 4.27 ± 0.07 and 0.79 ± 0.03 μM, respectively.
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47
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Xie J, Liang R, Wang Y, Huang J, Cao X, Niu B. Progress in Target Drug Molecules for Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:4-36. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666191203113745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that 4 widespread in the elderly.
The etiology of AD is complicated, and its pathogenesis is still unclear. Although there are many
researches on anti-AD drugs, they are limited to reverse relief symptoms and cannot treat diseases.
Therefore, the development of high-efficiency anti-AD drugs with no side effects has become an urgent
need. Based on the published literature, this paper summarizes the main targets of AD and their drugs,
and focuses on the research and development progress of these drugs in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayang Xie
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Ruirui Liang
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yajiang Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Junyi Huang
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xin Cao
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Niu
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
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48
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Ogunsuyi OB, Oboh G, Özek G, Göger F. Solanum vegetable-based diets improve impairments in memory, redox imbalance, and altered critical enzyme activities in Drosophila melanogaster model of neurodegeneration. J Food Biochem 2020; 45:e13150. [PMID: 31950517 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The effects of two Solanum vegetables, S. macrocarpon L. (African eggplant), and S. nigrum L. (black nightshade) on aluminum model of neurodegeneration in Drosophila melanogaster was investigated. Flies were treated with AlCl3 alone or in combination with the leaves from both samples in their diets for 7 days. Thereafter, locomotor performance and aversive phototaxic suppression test for learning and memory were carried out. This was followed by assay for reactive oxygen species, antioxidant properties, and enzyme (monoamine oxidase and cholinesterase) activities. Also, the in vitro antioxidant properties and chromatographic phenolic and alkaloid characterization of the samples were determined. Results showed that impaired behavioral physiology, antioxidant status, and enzyme activities observed in Al-treated flies were ameliorated in flies treated with both samples. In addition, both samples exhibited in vitro antioxidant effects. The protective effects from these samples against Al-induced toxicity can be associated with their antioxidant, antimonoaminergic, and anticholinergic properties. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In the quest for a holistic prevention/management approach to neurodegenerative diseases, functional foods are becoming prominent. The use of Drosophila melanogaster to study human diseases is gaining huge recognition due to the high homologue between disease-causing genes between the two organisms. Consequently, this study presents African eggplant and black nightshade leafy vegetables as sources of polyphenols and alkaloids which are able to ameliorate impaired learning and memory, redox status, and enzyme activities in Al-induced D. melanogaster model of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Opeyemi B Ogunsuyi
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.,Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Gulmira Özek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Fatih Göger
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey.,Medicinal Plant, Drug and Scientific Research Center (AUBIBAM), Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey.,Department of Pharmacy, Yunus Emre Vocational School, Eskişehir, Turkey
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49
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Wang XB, Yin FC, Huang M, Jiang N, Lan JS, Kong LY. Chromone and donepezil hybrids as new multipotent cholinesterase and monoamine oxidase inhibitors for the potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:225-233. [PMID: 33479629 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00441f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of chromone and donepezil hybrids were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as multipotent cholinesterase (ChE) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors for the potential therapy of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In vitro studies showed that the great majority of these compounds exhibited potent inhibitory activity toward BuChE and AChE and clearly selective inhibition for hMAO-B. In particular, compound 5c presented the most balanced potential for ChE inhibition (BuChE: IC50 = 5.24 μM; AChE: IC50 = 0.37 μM) and hMAO-B selectivity (IC50 = 0.272 μM, SI = 247). Molecular modeling and kinetic studies suggested that 5c was a mixed-type inhibitor, binding simultaneously to peripheral and active sites of AChE. It was also a competitive inhibitor, which occupied the substrate and entrance cavities of MAO-B. Moreover, compound 5c could penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and showed low toxicity to rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. Altogether, these results indicated that compound 5c might be a hopeful multitarget drug candidate with possible impact on Alzheimer's disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and , State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry , School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang , Nanjing 210009 , People's Republic of China . ; ; Tel: +86 25 83271405
| | - Fu-Cheng Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and , State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry , School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang , Nanjing 210009 , People's Republic of China . ; ; Tel: +86 25 83271405
| | - Ming Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and , State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry , School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang , Nanjing 210009 , People's Republic of China . ; ; Tel: +86 25 83271405
| | - Neng Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and , State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry , School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang , Nanjing 210009 , People's Republic of China . ; ; Tel: +86 25 83271405
| | - Jin-Shuai Lan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and , State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry , School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang , Nanjing 210009 , People's Republic of China . ; ; Tel: +86 25 83271405
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and , State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry , School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang , Nanjing 210009 , People's Republic of China . ; ; Tel: +86 25 83271405
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50
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Lemke C, Christmann J, Yin J, Alonso JM, Serrano E, Chioua M, Ismaili L, Martínez-Grau MA, Beadle CD, Vetman T, Dato FM, Bartz U, Elsinghorst PW, Pietsch M, Müller CE, Iriepa I, Wille T, Marco-Contelles J, Gütschow M. Chromenones as Multineurotargeting Inhibitors of Human Enzymes. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:22161-22168. [PMID: 31891098 PMCID: PMC6933783 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The complex nature of multifactorial diseases, such as Morbus Alzheimer, has produced a strong need to design multitarget-directed ligands to address the involved complementary pathways. We performed a purposive structural modification of a tetratarget small-molecule, that is contilisant, and generated a combinatorial library of 28 substituted chromen-4-ones. The compounds comprise a basic moiety which is linker-connected to the 6-position of the heterocyclic chromenone core. The syntheses were accomplished by Mitsunobu- or Williamson-type ether formations. The resulting library members were evaluated at a panel of seven human enzymes, all of which being involved in the pathophysiology of neurodegeneration. A concomitant inhibition of human acetylcholinesterase and human monoamine oxidase B, with IC50 values of 5.58 and 7.20 μM, respectively, was achieved with the dual-target 6-(4-(piperidin-1-yl)butoxy)-4H-chromen-4-one (7).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Lemke
- Pharmaceutical
Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Joscha Christmann
- Bundeswehr
Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937 München, Germany
| | - Jiafei Yin
- Pharmaceutical
Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - José M. Alonso
- Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemistry, IQOG, CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Estefanía Serrano
- Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemistry, IQOG, CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mourad Chioua
- Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemistry, IQOG, CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lhassane Ismaili
- Neurosciences
intégratives et cliniques EA 481, Pôle de Chimie Organique
et Thérapeutique, Univ. Bourgogne
Franche-Comté, UFR Santé, 19, rue Ambroise Paré, 25000 Besançon, France
| | | | - Christopher D. Beadle
- Lilly Research
Centre, Eli Lilly & Company, Erl Wood Manor,
Windlesham, Surrey GU20 6PH, U.K.
| | - Tatiana Vetman
- Lilly
Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Company, Indianapolis 46285, Indiana, United States
| | - Florian M. Dato
- Institute
II of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Gleueler Strasse 24, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ulrike Bartz
- Department
of Natural Sciences, University of Applied
Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, von-Liebig-Strasse 20, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Paul W. Elsinghorst
- Pharmaceutical
Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
- Central
Institute of the Bundeswehr Medical Service Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße
102, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Markus Pietsch
- Institute
II of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Gleueler Strasse 24, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christa E. Müller
- Pharmaceutical
Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Isabel Iriepa
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33,6, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Timo Wille
- Bundeswehr
Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937 München, Germany
| | - José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemistry, IQOG, CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical
Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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