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Guo Y, Du X, Krusche J, Beck C, Ali S, Walter A, Winstel V, Mayer C, Codée JD, Peschel A, Stehle T. Invasive Staphylococcus epidermidis uses a unique processive wall teichoic acid glycosyltransferase to evade immune recognition. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadj2641. [PMID: 38000019 PMCID: PMC10672168 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj2641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis expresses glycerol phosphate wall teichoic acid (WTA), but some health care-associated methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis (HA-MRSE) clones produce a second, ribitol phosphate (RboP) WTA, resembling that of the aggressive pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. RboP-WTA promotes HA-MRSE persistence and virulence in bloodstream infections. We report here that the TarM enzyme of HA-MRSE [TarM(Se)] glycosylates RboP-WTA with glucose, instead of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) by TarM(Sa) in S. aureus. Replacement of GlcNAc with glucose in RboP-WTA impairs HA-MRSE detection by human immunoglobulin G, which may contribute to the immune-evasion capacities of many invasive S. epidermidis. Crystal structures of complexes with uridine diphosphate glucose (UDP-glucose), and with UDP and glycosylated poly(RboP), reveal the binding mode and glycosylation mechanism of this enzyme and explain why TarM(Se) and TarM(Sa) link different sugars to poly(RboP). These structural data provide evidence that TarM(Se) is a processive WTA glycosyltransferase. Our study will support the targeted inhibition of TarM enzymes, and the development of RboP-WTA targeting vaccines and phage therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglan Guo
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Xin Du
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Janes Krusche
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Beck
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sara Ali
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Axel Walter
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Organismic Interactions/Glycobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Volker Winstel
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Mayer
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Organismic Interactions/Glycobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Peschel
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thilo Stehle
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Yang J, Bowring JZ, Krusche J, Lehmann E, Bejder BS, Silva SF, Bojer MS, Grunert T, Peschel A, Ingmer H. Cross-species communication via agr controls phage susceptibility in Staphylococcus aureus. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113154. [PMID: 37725513 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria use quorum sensing (QS) to coordinate group behavior in response to cell density, and some bacterial viruses (phages) also respond to QS. In Staphylococcus aureus, the agr-encoded QS system relies on accumulation of auto-inducing cyclic peptides (AIPs). Other staphylococci also produce AIPs of which many inhibit S. aureus agr. We show that agr induction reduces expression of tarM, encoding a glycosyltransferase responsible for α-N-acetylglucosamine modification of the major S. aureus phage receptor, the wall teichoic acids. This allows lytic phage Stab20 and related phages to infect and kill S. aureus. However, in mixed communities, producers of inhibitory AIPs like S. haemolyticus, S. caprae, and S. pseudintermedius inhibit S. aureus agr, thereby impeding phage infection. Our results demonstrate that cross-species interactions dramatically impact phage susceptibility. These interactions likely influence microbial ecology and impact the efficacy of phages in medical and biotechnological applications such as phage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxian Yang
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janine Zara Bowring
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janes Krusche
- Department of Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen (IMIT), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)," German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Esther Lehmann
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Benjamin Svejdal Bejder
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephanie Fulaz Silva
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Saxtorph Bojer
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tom Grunert
- Functional Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Peschel
- Department of Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen (IMIT), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)," German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hanne Ingmer
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Shen P, Zheng L, Qin X, Li D, Zhang Z, Zhao J, Lin H, Hong H, Zhou Z, Wu Z. Synthesis of structure-defined β-1,4-GlcNAc-modified wall teichoic acids as potential vaccine against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 258:115553. [PMID: 37336068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a high priority pathogen due to its life-threating infections to human health. Development of prophylactic or therapeutic anti-MRSA vaccine is a potential approach to treat S. aureus infections and overcome the resistance crisis. β-1,4-GlcNAc glycosylated wall teichoic acids (WTAs) derived from S. aureus are a new type of antigen that is closely associated with β-lactam resistance. In this study, structure-defined β-1,4-GlcNAc-modified WTAs varied in chain length and numbers of GlcNAc modification were synthesized by an ionic liquid-supported oligosaccharide synthesis (ILSOS) strategy in high efficiency and chromatography-free approach. Then the obtained WTAs were conjugated with tetanus toxin (TT) as vaccine candidates and were further evaluated in a mouse model to determine the structure-immunogenicity relationship. In vivo immunological studies revealed that the WTAs-TT conjugates provoked robust T cell-dependent responses and elicited high levels of specific anti-WTAs IgG antibodies production associated with the WTAs structure including chain length as well as the β-1,4-GlcNAc modification pattern. Heptamer WTAs conjugate T6, carrying three copy of β-1,4-GlcNAc modified RboP, was identified to elicit the highest titers of specific antibody production. The T6 antisera exhibited the highest recognition and binding affinity and the most potent OP-killing activities to MSSA and MRSA cells. This study demonstrated that β-1,4-GlcNAc glycosylated WTAs are promising antigens for further development against MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Shen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Lele Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xinfang Qin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zijiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Han Lin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Haofei Hong
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zhifang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zhimeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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Gerling-Driessen UIM, Hoffmann M, Schmidt S, Snyder NL, Hartmann L. Glycopolymers against pathogen infection. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:2617-2642. [PMID: 36820794 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00912a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Pathogens including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites continue to shape our lives in profound ways every day. As we have learned to live in parallel with pathogens, we have gained a better understanding of the rules of engagement for how they bind, adhere, and invade host cells. One such mechanism involves the exploitation of host cell surface glycans for attachment/adhesion, one of the first steps of infection. This knowledge has led to the development of glycan-based diagnostics and therapeutics for the treatment and prevention of infection. One class of compounds that has become increasingly important are the glycopolymers. Glycopolymers are macromolecules composed of a synthetic scaffold presenting carbohydrates as side chain motifs. Glycopolymers are particularly attractive because their properties can be tuned by careful choice of the scaffold, carbohydrate/glycan, and overall presentation. In this review, we highlight studies over the past ten years that have examined the role of glycopolymers in pathogen adhesion and host cell infection, biofilm formation and removal, and drug delivery with the aim of examining the direct effects of these macromolecules on pathogen engagement. In addition, we also examine the role of glycopolymers as diagnostics for the detection and monitoring of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla I M Gerling-Driessen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Miriam Hoffmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Stephan Schmidt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany. .,Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicole L Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, Davidson College, Davidson, North Carolina 28035, USA
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Reduced Graphene-ZnO-Copper Nanocomplex. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020246. [PMID: 36830156 PMCID: PMC9952439 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of antibiotic-resistant diseases drives a constant hunt for new substitutes. Metal-containing inorganic nanoparticles have broad-spectrum antimicrobial potential to kill Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. In this investigation, reduced graphene oxide-coated zinc oxide-copper (rGO@ZnO-Cu) nanocomposite was prepared by anchoring Cu over ZnO nanorods followed by coating with graphene oxide (GO) and subsequent reduction of GO to rGO. The synthesized nanocomposite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, elemental analysis, and elemental mapping. Morphologically, ZnO-Cu showed big, irregular rods, rectangular and spherical-shaped ZnO, and anchored clusters of aggregated Cu particles. The Cu aggregates are spread uniformly throughout the network. Most of the ZnO particles were partially covered with Cu aggregates, while some of the ZnO was fully covered with Cu. In the case of rGO@ZnO-Cu, a few layered rGO sheets were observed on the surface as well as deeply embedded inside the network of ZnO-Cu. The rGO@ZnO-Cu complex exhibited antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria; however, it was more effective on Staphylococcus aureus than Escherichia coli. Thus, rGO@ZnO-Cu nanocomposites could be an effective alternative against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial pathogens.
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Tamminga SM, Völpel SL, Schipper K, Stehle T, Pannekoek Y, van Sorge NM. Genetic diversity of Staphylococcus aureus wall teichoic acid glycosyltransferases affects immune recognition. Microb Genom 2022; 8:mgen000902. [PMID: 36748528 PMCID: PMC9837562 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of skin and soft tissue infections and systemic infections. Wall teichoic acids (WTAs) are cell wall-anchored glycopolymers that are important for S. aureus nasal colonization, phage-mediated horizontal gene transfer, and antibiotic resistance. WTAs consist of a polymerized ribitol phosphate (RboP) chain that can be glycosylated with N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) by three glycosyltransferases: TarS, TarM, and TarP. TarS and TarP modify WTA with β-linked GlcNAc at the C-4 (β1,4-GlcNAc) and the C-3 position (β1,3-GlcNAc) of the RboP subunit, respectively, whereas TarM modifies WTA with α-linked GlcNAc at the C-4 position (α1,4-GlcNAc). Importantly, these WTA glycosylation patterns impact immune recognition and clearance of S. aureus. Previous studies suggest that tarS is near-universally present within the S. aureus population, whereas a smaller proportion co-contain either tarM or tarP. To gain more insight into the presence and genetic variation of tarS, tarM and tarP in the S. aureus population, we analysed a collection of 25 652 S. aureus genomes within the PubMLST database. Over 99 % of isolates contained tarS. Co-presence of tarS/tarM or tarS/tarP occurred in 37 and 7 % of isolates, respectively, and was associated with specific S. aureus clonal complexes. We also identified 26 isolates (0.1 %) that contained all three glycosyltransferase genes. At sequence level, we identified tar alleles with amino acid substitutions in critical enzymatic residues or with premature stop codons. Several tar variants were expressed in a S. aureus tar-negative strain. Analysis using specific monoclonal antibodies and human langerin showed that WTA glycosylation was severely attenuated or absent. Overall, our data provide a broad overview of the genetic diversity of the three WTA glycosyltransferases in the S. aureus population and the functional consequences for immune recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Tamminga
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simon L. Völpel
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kim Schipper
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thilo Stehle
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany,Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yvonne Pannekoek
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,*Correspondence: Nina M. van Sorge,
| | - Nina M. van Sorge
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Netherlands Reference Laboratory for Bacterial Meningitis, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,*Correspondence: Nina M. van Sorge,
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Zhang F, Zhou Y, Ding J. The current landscape of microRNAs (miRNAs) in bacterial pneumonia: opportunities and challenges. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:70. [PMID: 35986232 PMCID: PMC9392286 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00368-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which were initially discovered in Caenorhabditis elegans, can regulate gene expression by recognizing cognate sequences and interfering with the transcriptional or translational machinery. The application of bioinformatics tools for structural analysis and target prediction has largely driven the investigation of certain miRNAs. Notably, it has been found that certain miRNAs which are widely involved in the inflammatory response and immune regulation are closely associated with the occurrence, development, and outcome of bacterial pneumonia. It has been shown that certain miRNA techniques can be used to identify related targets and explore associated signal transduction pathways. This enhances the understanding of bacterial pneumonia, notably for “refractory” or drug-resistant bacterial pneumonia. Although these miRNA-based methods may provide a basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of this disease, they still face various challenges, such as low sensitivity, poor specificity, low silencing efficiency, off-target effects, and toxic reactions. The opportunities and challenges of these methods have been completely reviewed, notably in bacterial pneumonia. With the continuous improvement of the current technology, the miRNA-based methods may surmount the aforementioned limitations, providing promising support for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of “refractory” or drug-resistant bacterial pneumonia.
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Gerlach D, Sieber RN, Larsen J, Krusche J, De Castro C, Baumann J, Molinaro A, Peschel A. Horizontal transfer and phylogenetic distribution of the immune evasion factor tarP. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:951333. [PMID: 36386695 PMCID: PMC9650247 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.951333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a major human pathogen, uses the prophage-encoded tarP gene as an important immune evasion factor. TarP glycosylates wall teichoic acid (WTA) polymers, major S. aureus surface antigens, to impair WTA immunogenicity and impede host defence. However, tarP phages appear to be restricted to only a few MRSA clonal lineages, including clonal complexes (CC) 5 and 398, for unknown reasons. We demonstrate here that tarP-encoding prophages can be mobilized to lysogenize other S. aureus strains. However, transfer is largely restricted to closely related clones. Most of the non-transducible clones encode tarM, which generates a WTA glycosylation pattern distinct from that mediated by TarP. However, tarM does not interfere with infection by tarP phages. Clonal complex-specific Type I restriction-modification systems were the major reasons for resistance to tarP phage infection. Nevertheless, tarP phages were found also in unrelated S. aureus clones indicating that tarP has the potential to spread to distant clonal lineages and contribute to the evolution of new MRSA clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gerlach
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Infection Biology Section, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence EXC2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infection, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Janes Krusche
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Infection Biology Section, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence EXC2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infection, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Juliane Baumann
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Infection Biology Section, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence EXC2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infection, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Andreas Peschel
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Infection Biology Section, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence EXC2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infection, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Del Bino L, Østerlid KE, Wu DY, Nonne F, Romano MR, Codée J, Adamo R. Synthetic Glycans to Improve Current Glycoconjugate Vaccines and Fight Antimicrobial Resistance. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15672-15716. [PMID: 35608633 PMCID: PMC9614730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is emerging as the next potential pandemic. Different microorganisms, including the bacteria Acinetobacter baumannii, Clostridioides difficile, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, non-typhoidal Salmonella, and Staphylococcus aureus, and the fungus Candida auris, have been identified by the WHO and CDC as urgent or serious AMR threats. Others, such as group A and B Streptococci, are classified as concerning threats. Glycoconjugate vaccines have been demonstrated to be an efficacious and cost-effective measure to combat infections against Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and, more recently, Salmonella typhi. Recent times have seen enormous progress in methodologies for the assembly of complex glycans and glycoconjugates, with developments in synthetic, chemoenzymatic, and glycoengineering methodologies. This review analyzes the advancement of glycoconjugate vaccines based on synthetic carbohydrates to improve existing vaccines and identify novel candidates to combat AMR. Through this literature survey we built an overview of structure-immunogenicity relationships from available data and identify gaps and areas for further research to better exploit the peculiar role of carbohydrates as vaccine targets and create the next generation of synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kitt Emilie Østerlid
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dung-Yeh Wu
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jeroen Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Wong Fok Lung T, Chan LC, Prince A, Yeaman MR, Archer NK, Aman MJ, Proctor RA. Staphylococcus aureus adaptive evolution: Recent insights on how immune evasion, immunometabolic subversion and host genetics impact vaccine development. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1060810. [PMID: 36636720 PMCID: PMC9831658 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1060810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite meritorious attempts, a S. aureus vaccine that prevents infection or mitigates severity has not yet achieved efficacy endpoints in prospective, randomized clinical trials. This experience underscores the complexity of host-S. aureus interactions, which appear to be greater than many other bacterial pathogens against which successful vaccines have been developed. It is increasingly evident that S. aureus employs strategic countermeasures to evade or exploit human immune responses. From entering host cells to persist in stealthy intracellular reservoirs, to sensing the environmental milieu and leveraging bacterial or host metabolic products to reprogram host immune responses, S. aureus poses considerable challenges for the development of effective vaccines. The fact that this pathogen causes distinct types of infections and can undergo transient genetic, transcriptional or metabolic adaptations in vivo that do not occur in vitro compounds challenges in vaccine development. Notably, the metabolic versatility of both bacterial and host immune cells as they compete for available substrates within specific tissues inevitably impacts the variable repertoire of gene products that may or may not be vaccine antigens. In this respect, S. aureus has chameleon phenotypes that have alluded vaccine strategies thus far. Nonetheless, a number of recent studies have also revealed important new insights into pathogenesis vulnerabilities of S. aureus. A more detailed understanding of host protective immune defenses versus S. aureus adaptive immune evasion mechanisms may offer breakthroughs in the development of effective vaccines, but at present this goal remains a very high bar. Coupled with the recent advances in human genetics and epigenetics, newer vaccine technologies may enable such a goal. If so, future vaccines that protect against or mitigate the severity of S. aureus infections are likely to emerge at the intersection of precision and personalized medicine. For now, the development of S. aureus vaccines or alternative therapies that reduce mortality and morbidity must continue to be pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liana C Chan
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Loss Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Divisions of Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Harbor-University of California Loss Angeles (UCLA) Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States.,Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-University of California Loss Angeles (UCLA) Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Alice Prince
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Michael R Yeaman
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Loss Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Divisions of Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Harbor-University of California Loss Angeles (UCLA) Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States.,Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-University of California Loss Angeles (UCLA) Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Nathan K Archer
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - M Javad Aman
- Integrated BioTherapeutics, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Richard A Proctor
- Department of Medicine and Medical Microbiology/Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
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Berni F, Kalfopoulou E, Gimeno Cardells AM, Carboni F, van der Es D, Romero-Saavedra F, Laverde D, Miklic K, Malic S, Rovis TL, Jonjic S, Ali S, Overkleeft HS, Hokke CH, van Diepen A, Adamo R, Jiménez-Barbero J, van der Marel GA, Huebner J, Codée JDC. Epitope Recognition of a Monoclonal Antibody Raised against a Synthetic Glycerol Phosphate Based Teichoic Acid. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:1344-1349. [PMID: 34255482 PMCID: PMC8389533 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glycerol phosphate (GroP)-based teichoic acids (TAs) are antigenic cell-wall components found in both enterococcus and staphylococcus species. Their immunogenicity has been explored using both native and synthetic structures, but no details have yet been reported on the structural basis of their interaction with antibodies. This work represents the first case study in which a monoclonal antibody, generated against a synthetic TA, was developed and employed for molecular-level binding analysis using TA microarrays, ELISA, SPR-analyses, and STD-NMR spectroscopy. Our findings show that the number and the chirality of the GroP residues are crucial for interaction and that the sugar appendage contributes to the presentation of the backbone to the binding site of the antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Berni
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ermioni Kalfopoulou
- Division
of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Dr. von Hauner Children’s
Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80337 Munich, Germany
- Institute
for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Ana M. Gimeno Cardells
- CIC
bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology
Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia
Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque
Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Filippo Carboni
- Research
and Development Centre, GlaxoSmithKline
(GSK), 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Daan van der Es
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Felipe Romero-Saavedra
- Division
of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Dr. von Hauner Children’s
Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Diana Laverde
- Division
of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Dr. von Hauner Children’s
Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Karmela Miklic
- Centre
for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University
of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Suzana Malic
- Centre
for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University
of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Tihana L. Rovis
- Centre
for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University
of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Stipan Jonjic
- Centre
for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University
of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Sara Ali
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Herman S. Overkleeft
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis H. Hokke
- Department
of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical
Center, Albinusdreef
2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Angela van Diepen
- Department
of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical
Center, Albinusdreef
2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Roberto Adamo
- Research
and Development Centre, GlaxoSmithKline
(GSK), 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC
bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology
Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia
Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque
Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - Johannes Huebner
- Division
of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Dr. von Hauner Children’s
Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Jeroen D. C. Codée
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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