1
|
Ansari MM, Sahu SK, Singh TG, Singh S, Kaur P. Evolving Significance of Kinase Inhibitors in the Management of Alzheimer's Disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2024:176816. [PMID: 39038637 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative problem with progressive loss of memory and other cognitive function disorders resulting in the imbalance of neurotransmitter activity and signaling progression, which poses the need of the potential therapeutic target to improve the intracellular signaling cascade brought by kinases. Protein kinase plays a significant and multifaceted role in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, by targeting pathological mechanisms like tau hyperphosphorylation, neuroinflammation, amyloid-beta production and synaptic dysfunction. In this review, we thoroughly explore the essential protein kinases involved in Alzheimer's disease, detailing their physiological roles, regulatory impacts, and the newest inhibitors and compounds that are progressing into clinical trials. All the findings of studies exhibited the promising role of kinase inhibitors in the management of Alzheimer's disease. However, it still poses the need of addressing current challenges and opportunities involved with this disorder for the future perspective of kinase inhibitors in the management of Alzheimer's disease. Further study includes the development of biomarkers, combination therapy, and next-generation kinase inhibitors with increased potency and selectivity for its future prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Mustafiz Ansari
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Sahu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | | | - SoviaRJ Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Paranjeet Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sai Varshini M, Aishwarya Reddy R, Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy P. Unlocking hope: GSK-3 inhibitors and Wnt pathway activation in Alzheimer's therapy. J Drug Target 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38838023 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2024.2365263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterised by progressive cognitive decline and the accumulation of amyloid-β plaques and tau tangles. The Wnt signalling pathway known for its crucial role in neurodevelopment and adult neurogenesis has emerged as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in AD. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β), a key regulator of the Wnt pathway, plays a pivotal role in AD pathogenesis by promoting tau hyperphosphorylation and neuroinflammation. Several preclinical studies have demonstrated that inhibiting GSK-3β leads to the activation of Wnt pathway thereby promoting neuroprotective effects, and mitigating cognitive deficits in AD animal models. The modulation of Wnt signalling appears to have multifaceted benefits including the reduction of amyloid-β production, tau hyperphosphorylation, enhancement of synaptic plasticity, and inhibition of neuroinflammation. These findings suggest that targeting GSK-3β to activate Wnt pathway may represent a novel approach for slowing or halting the progression of AD. This hypothesis reviews the current state of research exploring the activation of Wnt pathway through the inhibition of GSK-3β as a promising therapeutic strategy in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magham Sai Varshini
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, India
| | - Ramakkamma Aishwarya Reddy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sharma V, Chander Sharma P, Reang J, Yadav V, Kumar Tonk R, Majeed J, Sharma K. Impact of GSK-3β and CK-1δ on Wnt signaling pathway in alzheimer disease: A dual target approach. Bioorg Chem 2024; 147:107378. [PMID: 38643562 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an enigmatic neurological illness that offers few treatment options. Recent exploration has highlighted the crucial connection of the Wnt signaling pathway in AD pathogenesis, shedding light on potential therapeutic targets. The present study focuses on the dual targeting of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and casein kinase-1δ (CK-1δ) within the framework of the Wnt signaling pathway as a possible technique for AD intervention. GSK-3β and CK-1δ are multifunctional kinases known for their roles in tau hyperphosphorylation, amyloid processing, and synaptic dysfunction, all of which are major hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. They are intricately linked to Wnt signaling, which plays a pivotal part in sustaining neuronal function and synaptic plasticity. Dysregulation of the Wnt pathway in AD contributes to cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. This review delves into the molecular mechanisms by which GSK-3β and CK-1δ impact the Wnt signaling pathway, elucidating their roles in AD pathogenesis. We discuss the potential of small-molecule inhibitors along with their SAR studies along with the multi-targetd approach targeting GSK-3β and CK-1δ to modulate Wnt signaling and mitigate AD-related pathology. In summary, the dual targeting of GSK-3β and CK-1δ within the framework of the Wnt signaling pathway presents an innovative and promising avenue for future AD therapies, offering new hope for patients and caregivers in the quest to combat this challenging condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinita Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SPS, DPSRU, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | | | - Jurnal Reang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SPS, DPSRU, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Vivek Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SPS, DPSRU, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Rajiv Kumar Tonk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SPS, DPSRU, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Jaseela Majeed
- School of Allied Health Sciences and Management, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India.
| | - Kalicharan Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SPS, DPSRU, New Delhi, 110017, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mayo P, Pascual J, Crisman E, Domínguez C, López MG, León R. Innovative pathological network-based multitarget approaches for Alzheimer's disease treatment. Med Res Rev 2024. [PMID: 38678582 DOI: 10.1002/med.22045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease and is a major health threat globally. Its prevalence is forecasted to exponentially increase during the next 30 years due to the global aging population. Currently, approved drugs are merely symptomatic, being ineffective in delaying or blocking the relentless disease advance. Intensive AD research describes this disease as a highly complex multifactorial disease. Disclosure of novel pathological pathways and their interconnections has had a major impact on medicinal chemistry drug development for AD over the last two decades. The complex network of pathological events involved in the onset of the disease has prompted the development of multitarget drugs. These chemical entities combine pharmacological activities toward two or more drug targets of interest. These multitarget-directed ligands are proposed to modify different nodes in the pathological network aiming to delay or even stop disease progression. Here, we review the multitarget drug development strategy for AD during the last decade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Mayo
- Departamento de desarrollo preclínico, Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Las Rozas, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Pascual
- Departamento de desarrollo preclínico, Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Las Rozas, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Crisman
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Domínguez
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela G López
- Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael León
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu X, Ze X, Qin S, Zhang B, Li X, Gong Q, Zhang H, Zhu Z, Xu J. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Tetrahydroacridin Hybrids with Sulfur-Inserted Linkers as Potential Multitarget Agents for Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2024; 29:1782. [PMID: 38675602 PMCID: PMC11051924 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease that can lead to the loss of cognitive function. The progression of AD is regulated by multiple signaling pathways and their associated targets. Therefore, multitarget strategies theoretically have greater potential for treating AD. In this work, a series of new hybrids were designed and synthesized by the hybridization of tacrine (4, AChE: IC50 = 0.223 μM) with pyrimidone compound 5 (GSK-3β: IC50 = 3 μM) using the cysteamine or cystamine group as the connector. The biological evaluation results demonstrated that most of the compounds exhibited moderate to good inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β). The optimal compound 18a possessed potent dual AChE/GSK-3β inhibition (AChE: IC50 = 0.047 ± 0.002 μM, GSK-3β: IC50 = 0.930 ± 0.080 μM). Further molecular docking and enzymatic kinetic studies revealed that this compound could occupy both the catalytic anionic site and the peripheral anionic site of AChE. The results also showed a lack of toxicity to SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells at concentrations of up to 25 μM. Collectively, this work explored the structure-activity relationships of novel tetrahydroacridin hybrids with sulfur-inserted linkers, providing a reference for the further research and development of new multitarget anti-AD drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China; (X.W.); (X.Z.); (S.Q.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaotong Ze
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China; (X.W.); (X.Z.); (S.Q.); (X.L.)
| | - Shuai Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China; (X.W.); (X.Z.); (S.Q.); (X.L.)
| | - Beiyu Zhang
- Therapeutics & Formulation, School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
| | - Xinnan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China; (X.W.); (X.Z.); (S.Q.); (X.L.)
| | - Qi Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (Q.G.); (H.Z.)
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (Q.G.); (H.Z.)
| | - Zheying Zhu
- Therapeutics & Formulation, School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
| | - Jinyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China; (X.W.); (X.Z.); (S.Q.); (X.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
He J, Tam KY. Dual-target inhibitors of cholinesterase and GSK-3β to modulate Alzheimer's disease. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103914. [PMID: 38340951 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects over 55 million patients worldwide. Most of the approved small-molecule drugs for AD have been designed to tackle a single pathological hallmark, such as cholinergic dysfunction or amyloid toxicity, and thus may not fully address the multifactorial nature of the disease. Inhibition of both cholinesterase and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) has emerged as a promising strategy to modulate AD. However, the dual inhibition of these two targets posts challenges in molecular design: issues related to target engagements and biopharmaceutical properties in particular must be overcome. In this review, we discuss the physiopathological roles and structures of cholinesterase and GSK-3β as well as recently reported dual-target inhibitors. We critically evaluate the current status of the discovery of dual-target inhibitors of cholinesterase and GSK-3β, and highlight further perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junqiu He
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau SAR, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Kin Yip Tam
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau SAR, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jevtić II, Suručić RV, Tovilović-Kovačević G, Zogović N, Kostić-Rajačić SV, Andrić DB, Penjišević JZ. Multi-target potential of newly designed tacrine-derived cholinesterase inhibitors: Synthesis, computational and pharmacological study. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 101:117649. [PMID: 38401458 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Simple and scalable synthetic approach was used for the preparation of thirteen novel tacrine derivatives consisting of tacrine and N-aryl-piperidine-4-carboxamide moiety connected by a five-methylene group linker. An anti-Alzheimer disease (AD) potential of newly designed tacrine derivatives was evaluated against two important AD targets, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). In vitro pharmacological evaluation showed strong ChE inhibitory activity of all compounds, with IC50 values ranging from 117.5 to 455 nM for AChE and 34 to 324 nM for BuChE. As a representative of the series with the best cytotoxicity / ChE inhibitory activity ratio, expressed as the selectivity index (SI), 2-chlorobenzoyl derivative demonstrated mixed-type inhibition on AChE and BuChE, suggesting binding to both CAS and PAS of the enzymes. It also exhibited antioxidant capacity and neuroprotective potential against amyloid-β (Aβ) toxicity in the culture of neuron-like cells. In-depth computational analysis corroborated well with in vitro ChE inhibition, illuminating that all compounds exhibit significant potential in targeting both enzymes. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations revealed that 2-chlorobenzoyl derivative, created complexes with AChE and BuChE that demonstrated sufficient stability throughout the observed MD simulation. Computationally predicted ADME properties indicated that these compounds should have good blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, an important factor for CNS-targeting drugs. Overall, all tested compounds showed promising pharmacological behavior, highlighting the multi-target potential of 2-chlorobenzoyl derivative which should be further investigated as a new lead in the drug development process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana I Jevtić
- University of Belgrade-Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Chemistry, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Relja V Suručić
- University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Medicine, Save Mrkalja 14, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Gordana Tovilović-Kovačević
- University of Belgrade-Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Nevena Zogović
- University of Belgrade-Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Slađana V Kostić-Rajačić
- University of Belgrade-Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Chemistry, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Deana B Andrić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organic chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Jelena Z Penjišević
- University of Belgrade-Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Chemistry, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cheng Z, Han T, Yao J, Wang K, Dong X, Yu F, Huang H, Han M, Liao Q, He S, Lyu W, Li Q. Targeting glycogen synthase kinase-3β for Alzheimer's disease: Recent advances and future Prospects. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 265:116065. [PMID: 38160617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Senile plaques induced by β-amyloid (Aβ) abnormal aggregation and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) caused by tau hyperphosphorylation are important pathological manifestations of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a conserved kinase; one member GSK-3β is highly expressed in the AD brain and involved in the formation of NFT. Hence, pharmacologically inhibiting GSK-3β activity and expression is a good approach to treat AD. As summarized in this article, multiple GSK-3β inhibitors has been comprehensively summarized over recent five years. However, only lithium carbonate and Tideglusib have been studied in clinical trials of AD. Besides ATP-competitive and non-ATP-competitive inhibitors, peptide inhibitors, allosteric inhibitors and other types of inhibitors have gradually attracted more interest. Moreover, considering the close relationship between GSK-3β and other targets involved in cholinergic hypothesis, Aβ aggregation hypothesis, tau hyperphosphorylation hypothesis, oxidative stress hypothesis, neuro-inflammation hypothesis, etc., diverse multifunctional molecules and multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) have also been disclosed. We hope that these recent advances and critical perspectives will facilitate the discovery of safe and effective GSK-3β inhibitors for AD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zimeng Cheng
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyue Han
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingtong Yao
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaixuan Wang
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Dong
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Yu
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Menglin Han
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghong Liao
- Shandong Kangqiao Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Qingdao, 266033, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu He
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiping Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu JY, Guo HY, Quan ZS, Shen QK, Cui H, Li X. Research progress of natural products and their derivatives against Alzheimer's disease. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2171026. [PMID: 36803484 PMCID: PMC9946335 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2171026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a persistent neurological dysfunction, has an increasing prevalence with the aging of the world and seriously threatens the health of the elderly. Although there is currently no effective treatment for AD, researchers have not given up, and are committed to exploring the pathogenesis of AD and possible therapeutic drugs. Natural products have attracted considerable attention owing to their unique advantages. One molecule can interact with multiple AD-related targets, thus having the potential to be developed in a multi-target drug. In addition, they are amenable to structural modifications to increase interaction and decrease toxicity. Therefore, natural products and their derivatives that ameliorate pathological changes in AD should be intensively and extensively studied. This review mainly presents research on natural products and their derivatives for the treatment of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Hong-Yan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Zhe-Shan Quan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Qing-Kun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Hong Cui
- Center of Medical Functional Experiment, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji, China,Hong Cui Center of Medical Functional Experiment, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji, China
| | - Xiaoting Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China,CONTACT Xiaoting Li Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jiang K, Liu X, Liu YM, Wang LN, Xiao YT, Wu FC. Bioactive Isoquinoline Alkaloids with Diverse Skeletons from Fissistigma polyanthum. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:2162-2170. [PMID: 37615114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Six new isoquinoline alkaloids, including aporphine alkaloids (2, 3, 9, and 10), a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid (13), and a protoberberine alkaloid (17), were isolated from the roots of Fissistigma polyanthum, along with a new furanone (20) and 13 known isoquinoline alkaloids (1, 4-8, 11, 12, 14-16, 18, and 19). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by the analysis of spectroscopic data. Compounds 1 and 2 are rare oxalyl-fused dehydroaporphine alkaloids. Compound 12 presented the most potent dual-target activities on AChE inhibition and Aβ aggregation inhibition, while compounds 13 and 19 simultaneously exhibited discernible AChE and BChE inhibitions with antioxidant activities. The activity results indicate that F. polyanthum alkaloids have a potential of inhibition and prevention of Alzheimer's disease mainly through both ChEs and β-amyloid pathways in addition to antioxidant activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ming Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ning Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Univerisity of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ting Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Chen Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fronza MG, Alves D, Praticò D, Savegnago L. The neurobiology and therapeutic potential of multi-targeting β-secretase, glycogen synthase kinase 3β and acetylcholinesterase in Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 90:102033. [PMID: 37595640 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, affecting almost 50 million of people around the world, characterized by a complex and age-related progressive pathology with projections to duplicate its incidence by the end of 2050. AD pathology has two major hallmarks, the amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides accumulation and tau hyperphosphorylation, alongside with several sub pathologies including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, loss of neurogenesis and synaptic dysfunction. In recent years, extensive research pointed out several therapeutic targets which have shown promising effects on modifying the course of the disease in preclinical models of AD but with substantial failure when transposed to clinic trials, suggesting that modulating just an isolated feature of the pathology might not be sufficient to improve brain function and enhance cognition. In line with this, there is a growing consensus that an ideal disease modifying drug should address more than one feature of the pathology. Considering these evidence, β-secretase (BACE1), Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) has emerged as interesting therapeutic targets. BACE1 is the rate-limiting step in the Aβ production, GSK-3β is considered the main kinase responsible for Tau hyperphosphorylation, and AChE play an important role in modulating memory formation and learning. However, the effects underlying the modulation of these enzymes are not limited by its primarily functions, showing interesting effects in a wide range of impaired events secondary to AD pathology. In this sense, this review will summarize the involvement of BACE1, GSK-3β and AChE on synaptic function, neuroplasticity, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Additionally, we will present and discuss new perspectives on the modulation of these pathways on AD pathology and future directions on the development of drugs that concomitantly target these enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana G Fronza
- Neurobiotechnology Research Group (GPN) - Centre for Technology Development CDTec, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Diego Alves
- Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis (LASOL), Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), UFPel, RS, Brazil
| | - Domenico Praticò
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple - ACT, Temple University, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lucielli Savegnago
- Neurobiotechnology Research Group (GPN) - Centre for Technology Development CDTec, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lin L, Liu X, Cheng X, Li Y, Gearing M, Levey A, Huang X, Li Y, Jin P, Li X. MicroRNA-650 Regulates the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease Through Targeting Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:2426-2441. [PMID: 36656459 PMCID: PMC10039829 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03224-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis feature progressive neurodegeneration, amyloid-β plaque formation, and neurofibrillary tangles. Ample evidence has indicated the involvement of epigenetic pathways in AD pathogenesis. Here, we show that the expression of microRNA 650 (miR-650) is altered in brains from AD patients. Furthermore, we found that the processing of primary miR-650 to mature miR-650 is misregulated. Bioinformatic analysis predicted that miR-650 targets the expression of three AD-associated components: Apolipoprotein E (APOE), Presenilin 1 (PSEN1), and Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5 (CDK5), and we have experimentally confirmed that miR-650 is able to significantly reduce the expression of APOE, PSEN1, and CDK5 in vitro. Importantly, the overexpression of miR-650 was further shown to significantly alter the CDK5 level and ameliorate AD pathologies in APP-PSEN1 transgenic mice. Overall, our results indicate that miR-650 influences AD pathogenesis through regulation of CDK5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nonhuman Primate Models of Human Diseases, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nonhuman Primate Models of Human Diseases, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xuejun Cheng
- The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- The Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yujing Li
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Marla Gearing
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Allan Levey
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- The Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Ying Li
- The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- The Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Peng Jin
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Xuekun Li
- The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- The Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bao LQ, Baecker D, Mai Dung DT, Phuong Nhung N, Thi Thuan N, Nguyen PL, Phuong Dung PT, Huong TTL, Rasulev B, Casanola-Martin GM, Nam NH, Pham-The H. Development of Activity Rules and Chemical Fragment Design for In Silico Discovery of AChE and BACE1 Dual Inhibitors against Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083588. [PMID: 37110831 PMCID: PMC10142303 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Multi-target drug development has become an attractive strategy in the discovery of drugs to treat of Alzheimer's disease (AzD). In this study, for the first time, a rule-based machine learning (ML) approach with classification trees (CT) was applied for the rational design of novel dual-target acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and β-site amyloid-protein precursor cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) inhibitors. Updated data from 3524 compounds with AChE and BACE1 measurements were curated from the ChEMBL database. The best global accuracies of training/external validation for AChE and BACE1 were 0.85/0.80 and 0.83/0.81, respectively. The rules were then applied to screen dual inhibitors from the original databases. Based on the best rules obtained from each classification tree, a set of potential AChE and BACE1 inhibitors were identified, and active fragments were extracted using Murcko-type decomposition analysis. More than 250 novel inhibitors were designed in silico based on active fragments and predicted AChE and BACE1 inhibitory activity using consensus QSAR models and docking validations. The rule-based and ML approach applied in this study may be useful for the in silico design and screening of new AChE and BACE1 dual inhibitors against AzD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le-Quang Bao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Daniel Baecker
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Do Thi Mai Dung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Phuong Nhung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Thuan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Phuong Linh Nguyen
- College of Computing & Informatics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Phan Thi Phuong Dung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thi Lan Huong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Bakhtiyor Rasulev
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | | | - Nguyen-Hai Nam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Hai Pham-The
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Singh M, Jindal D, Kumar R, Pancham P, Haider S, Gupta V, Mani S, R R, Tiwari RK, Chanda S. Molecular Docking and Network Pharmacology Interaction Analysis of Gingko Biloba (EGB761) Extract with Dual Target Inhibitory Mechanism in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 93:705-726. [PMID: 37066913 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of neurodegenerative dementia affecting people in their later years of life. The AD prevalence rate has significantly increased due to a lack of early detection technology and low therapeutic efficacy. Despite recent scientific advances, some aspects of AD pathological targets still require special attention. Certain traditionally consumed phytocompounds have been used for thousands of years to treat such pathologies. The standard extract of Gingko biloba (EGB761) is a combination of 13 macro phyto-compounds and various other micro phytocompounds that have shown greater therapeutic potential against the pathology of AD. OBJECTIVE Strong physiological evidence of cognitive health preservation has been observed in elderly people who keep an active lifestyle. According to some theories, consuming certain medicinal extracts helps build cognitive reserve. We outline the research employing EGB761 as a dual target for AD. METHODS This study investigates various inhibitory targets against AD using computational approaches such as molecular docking, network pharmacology, ADMET (full form), and bioactivity prediction of the selected compounds. RESULTS After interaction studies were done for all the phytoconstituents of EGB761, it was concluded that all four of the phytocompounds (kaempferol, isorhamnetin, quercetin, and ginkgotoxin) showed the maximum inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and GSK3β. CONCLUSION The highly active phytocompounds of EGB761, especially quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin, have better activity against AChE and GSK3β than its reported synthetic drug, according to molecular docking and network pharmacology research. These compounds may act on multiple targets in the protein network of AD. The AChE theory was primarily responsible for EGB761's therapeutic efficacy in treating AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT), Noida, India
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Divya Jindal
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT), Noida, India
| | - Rupesh Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT), Noida, India
| | - Pranav Pancham
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT), Noida, India
| | - Shazia Haider
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT), Noida, India
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shalini Mani
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT), Noida, India
| | - Rachana R
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT), Noida, India
| | - Raj Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Era College of Pharmacy, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Silpi Chanda
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Lucknow, Amity University, UttarPradesh, Noida, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Martins MM, Branco PS, Ferreira LM. Enhancing the Therapeutic Effect in Alzheimer's Disease Drugs: The role of Polypharmacology and Cholinesterase inhibitors. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202300461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Margarida Martins
- Department of Chemistry NOVA School of Science and Technology Campus da Caparica 2825-149 Caparica Portugal
| | - Paula S. Branco
- Department of Chemistry NOVA School of Science and Technology Campus da Caparica 2825-149 Caparica Portugal
| | - Luísa M. Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry NOVA School of Science and Technology Campus da Caparica 2825-149 Caparica Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Photocaging of Pyridinylimidazole-Based Covalent JNK3 Inhibitors Affords Spatiotemporal Control of the Binding Affinity in Live Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/ph16020264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of photocaging represents a promising approach to acquire spatiotemporal control over molecular bioactivity. To apply this strategy to pyridinylimidazole-based covalent JNK3 inhibitors, we used acrylamido-N-(4-((4-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-methyl-2-(methylthio)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)phenyl)benzamide (1) as a lead compound to design novel covalent inhibitors of JNK3 by modifying the amide bond moiety in the linker. The newly synthesized inhibitors demonstrated IC50 values in the low double-digit nanomolar range in a radiometric kinase assay. They were further characterized in a NanoBRETTM intracellular JNK3 assay, where covalent engagement of the target enzyme was confirmed by compound washout experiments and a loss in binding affinity for a newly generated JNK3(C154A)-NLuc mutant. The most potent compound of the series, N-(3-acrylamidophenyl)-4-((4-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-methyl-2-(methylthio)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)benzamide (13), was equipped with a photolabile protecting group leading to a nearly 10-fold decrease in intracellular JNK3 binding affinity, which was fully recovered by UV irradiation at a wavelength of 365 nm within 8 min. Our results highlight that photocaged covalent inhibitors can serve as a pharmacological tool to control JNK3 activity in live cells with light.
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang M, Zhang X, Qiao O, Ji H, Zhang Y, Han X, Wang W, Li X, Wang J, Guo L, Huang L, Gao W. Rosmarinic acid potentiates and detoxifies tacrine in combination for Alzheimer's disease. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 109:154600. [PMID: 36610144 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no doubt that Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the greatest threats facing mankind today. Within the next few decades, Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) will be the most widely used treatment for Alzheimer's disease. The withdrawal of the first generation AChEIs drug Tacrine (TAC)/ Cognex from the market as a result of hepatotoxicity has always been an interesting case study. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a natural compound of phenolic acids that has pharmacological activity for inhibiting Alzheimer's disease, as well as liver protection. PURPOSE AND STUDY DESIGN In this study, we determined that RA can reduce the hepatotoxicity of TAC, and both of them act synergistically to inhibit the progression of AD in mice. METHODS In addition to the wild type mice (WT) group, the 6-month-old APP/PS1 (APPswe/PSEN1dE9) double-transgenic (Tg) mice were randomly divided into 6 groups: Tg group, TAC group, RA group, TAC+Silymarin (SIL) group, TAC+RA-L (Rosmarinic Acid Low Dose) goup and TAC+RA-H (Rosmarinic Acid High Dose) group. A series of experiments were carried out, including open field test, Morris water maze test, Hematoxylin - Eosin (HE) staining, Nissl staining, biochemical analysis, immunofluorescence analysis, western blotting analysis and so on. RESULTS RA combined with TAC could enter the brain tissue of AD mice, and the combination of drugs could better improve the cognitive behavior and brain pathological damage of AD mice, reduce the expression of A β oligomer, inhibit the deposition of A β, inhibit the activity of AChE and enhance the level of Ach in hippocampus. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that RA could alleviate the hepatotoxicity or liver injury induced by TAC. The Western blot analysis of the liver of AD mice showed that RA combined with TAC might inhibit the apoptosis of Bcl-2/Bax, reduce the programmed apoptosis mediated by caspase-3 and reduce the burden of liver induced by TAC, could inhibit the development of liver apoptosis by alleviating the hepatotoxicity of TAC and inhibiting the phosphorylation of JNK. CONCLUSION The potential drug combination that combines rosmarinic acid with tacrine could reduce tacrine's hepatotoxicity as well as enhance its therapeutic effect on Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingjuan Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Ou Qiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Haixia Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Xiaoying Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Wenzhe Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Xia Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Juan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Lanping Guo
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Luqi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Naki T, Matshe WMR, Balogun MO, Sinha Ray S, Egieyeh SA, Aderibigbe BA. Polymer drug conjugates containing memantine, tacrine and cinnamic acid: promising nanotherapeutics for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. J Microencapsul 2023; 40:15-28. [PMID: 36622880 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2023.2167011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM To prepare polymer-drug conjugates containing a combination of memantine, tacrine, and E)-N-(3-aminopropyl)cinnamide, promising therapeutics for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. METHODS The conjugates were characterised by 1HNMR, particle size analysis, SEM, LC-MS, TEM/EDX, and XRD, followed by in vitro anti-acetylcholinesterase and drug release studies. RESULTS 1H NMR analysis revealed successful drug conjugation with drug mass percentages in the range of 1.3-6.0% w/w. The drug release from the conjugates was sustained for 10 h in the range of 20-36%. The conjugates' capability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was significant with IC50 values in the range of 13-44.4 µm which was more effective than tacrine (IC50 =1698.8 µm). The docking studies further confirmed that the conjugation of the drugs into the polymer improved their anti-acetylcholinesterase activity. CONCLUSION The drug release profile, particle sizes, and in vitro studies revealed that the conjugates are promising therapeutics for treating neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobeka Naki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | | | | | - Suprakas Sinha Ray
- DST/CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu W, Tian L, Wu L, Chen H, Wang N, Liu X, Zhao C, Wu Z, Jiang X, Wu Q, Xu Z, Liu W, Zhao Q. Discovery of novel β-carboline-1,2,3-triazole hybrids as AChE/GSK-3β dual inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease treatment. Bioorg Chem 2022; 129:106168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
20
|
Zheng J, Gao Y, Ding J, Sun N, Lin S. Antarctic krill peptides improve scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
|
21
|
Sepehri S, Saeedi M, Larijani B, Mahdavi M. Recent developments in the design and synthesis of benzylpyridinium salts: Mimicking donepezil hydrochloride in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Front Chem 2022; 10:936240. [PMID: 36226120 PMCID: PMC9549744 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.936240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an advanced and irreversible degenerative disease of the brain, recognized as the key reason for dementia among elderly people. The disease is related to the reduced level of acetylcholine (ACh) in the brain that interferes with memory, learning, emotional, and behavior responses. Deficits in cholinergic neurotransmission are responsible for the creation and progression of numerous neurochemical and neurological illnesses such as AD. Aim: Herein, focusing on the fact that benzylpyridinium salts mimic the structure of donepezil hydrochlorideas a FDA-approved drug in the treatment of AD, their synthetic approaches and inhibitory activity against cholinesterases (ChEs) were discussed. Also, molecular docking results and structure–activity relationship (SAR) as the most significant concept in drug design and development were considered to introduce potential lead compounds. Key scientific concepts: AChE plays a chief role in the end of nerve impulse transmission at the cholinergic synapses. In this respect, the inhibition of AChE has been recognized as a key factor in the treatment of AD, Parkinson’s disease, senile dementia, myasthenia gravis, and ataxia. A few drugs such as donepezil hydrochloride are prescribed for the improvement of cognitive dysfunction and memory loss caused by AD. Donepezil hydrochloride is a piperidine-containing compound, identified as a well-known member of the second generation of AChE inhibitors. It was established to treat AD when it was assumed that the disease is associated with a central cholinergic loss in the early 1980s. In this review, synthesis and anti-ChE activity of a library of benzylpyridinium salts were reported and discussed based on SAR studies looking for the most potent substituents and moieties, which are responsible for inducing the desired activity even more potent than donepezil. It was found that linking heterocyclic moieties to the benzylpyridinium salts leads to the potent ChE inhibitors. In this respect, this review focused on the recent reports on benzylpyridinium salts and addressed the structural features and SARs to get an in-depth understanding of the potential of this biologically improved scaffold in the drug discovery of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saghi Sepehri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- *Correspondence: Saghi Sepehri, ; Mohammad Mahdavi,
| | - Mina Saeedi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Saghi Sepehri, ; Mohammad Mahdavi,
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jarne-Ferrer J, Griñán-Ferré C, Bellver-Sanchis A, Vázquez S, Muñoz-Torrero D, Pallàs M. A Combined Chronic Low-Dose Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase and Acetylcholinesterase Pharmacological Inhibition Promotes Memory Reinstatement in Alzheimer’s Disease Mice Models. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080908. [PMID: 35893732 PMCID: PMC9394299 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder with multifactorial and heterogeneous causes. AD involves several etiopathogenic mechanisms such as aberrant protein accumulation, neurotransmitter deficits, synaptic dysfunction and neuroinflammation, which lead to cognitive decline. Unfortunately, the currently available anti-AD drugs only alleviate the symptoms temporarily and provide a limited therapeutic effect. Thus, new therapeutic strategies, including multitarget approaches, are urgently needed. It has been demonstrated that a co-treatment of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor with other neuroprotective agents has beneficial effects on cognition. Here, we have assessed the neuroprotective effects of chronic dual treatment with a soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitor (TPPU) and an AChE inhibitor (6-chlorotacrine or rivastigmine) in in vivo studies. Interestingly, we have found beneficial effects after chronic low-dose co-treatment with TPPU and 6-chlorotacrine in the senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mouse model as well as with TPPU and rivastigmine co-treatment in the 5XFAD mouse model, in comparison with the corresponding monotherapy treatments. In the SAMP8 model, no substantial improvements in synaptic plasticity markers were found, but the co-treatment of TPPU and 6-chlorotacrine led to a significantly reduced gene expression of neuroinflammatory markers, such as interleukin 6 (Il-6), triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell 2 (Trem2) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (Gfap). In 5XFAD mice, chronic low-dose co-treatment of TPPU and rivastigmine led to enhanced protein levels of synaptic plasticity markers, such as the phospho-cAMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB) ratio, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), and also to a reduction in neuroinflammatory gene expression. Collectively, these results support the neuroprotectant role of chronic low-dose co-treatment strategy with sEH and AChE inhibitors in AD mouse models, opening new avenues for effective AD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Jarne-Ferrer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institut de Neurociències-Universitat de Barcelona, Avenida Joan XXIII, 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain; (J.J.-F.); (C.G.-F.); (A.B.-S.)
| | - Christian Griñán-Ferré
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institut de Neurociències-Universitat de Barcelona, Avenida Joan XXIII, 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain; (J.J.-F.); (C.G.-F.); (A.B.-S.)
| | - Aina Bellver-Sanchis
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institut de Neurociències-Universitat de Barcelona, Avenida Joan XXIII, 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain; (J.J.-F.); (C.G.-F.); (A.B.-S.)
| | - Santiago Vázquez
- CSIC Associated Unit, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Avenida Joan XXIII, 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain; (S.V.); (D.M.-T.)
| | - Diego Muñoz-Torrero
- CSIC Associated Unit, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Avenida Joan XXIII, 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain; (S.V.); (D.M.-T.)
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institut de Neurociències-Universitat de Barcelona, Avenida Joan XXIII, 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain; (J.J.-F.); (C.G.-F.); (A.B.-S.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Effects of Linkers and Substitutions on Multitarget Directed Ligands for Alzheimer’s Diseases: Emerging Paradigms and Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116085. [PMID: 35682763 PMCID: PMC9181730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is multifactorial, progressive and the most predominant cause of cognitive impairment and dementia worldwide. The current “one-drug, one-target” approach provides only symptomatic relief to the condition but is unable to cure the disease completely. The conventional single-target therapeutic approach might not always induce the desired effect due to the multifactorial nature of AD. Hence, multitarget strategies have been proposed to simultaneously knock out multiple targets involved in the development of AD. Herein, we provide an overview of the various strategies, followed by the multitarget-directed ligand (MTDL) development, rationale designs and efficient examples. Furthermore, the effects of the linkers and substitutional functional groups on MTDLs against various targets of AD and their modes of action are also discussed.
Collapse
|
24
|
Bera P, Aher A, Brandao P, Debnath U, Dewaker V, Manna SK, Jana A, Pramanik C, Mandal B, Bera P. Instigating the In Vitro Anticancer Activity of New Pyridine–Thiazole-Based Co(III), Mn(II), and Ni(II) Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, DFT, Docking, and MD Simulation Studies. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:1437-1457. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c01280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pradip Bera
- Post Graduate Department of Chemistry, Panskura Banamali College (Vidyasagar University), Panskura R.S, Midnapore (East), West Bengal 721152, India
- Department of Chemistry, Kandi Raj College, Murshidabad, West Bengal 742137, India
| | - Abhishek Aher
- Centre for DNA Fingerprinting & Diagnostics (CDFD), Hyderabad, Telangana 500 039, India
- Graduate Studies, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Paula Brandao
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Utsab Debnath
- School of Health Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 246007, India
| | - Varun Dewaker
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sunil Kr. Manna
- Centre for DNA Fingerprinting & Diagnostics (CDFD), Hyderabad, Telangana 500 039, India
- Adjunct Faculty, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Abhimanyu Jana
- Post Graduate Department of Chemistry, Panskura Banamali College (Vidyasagar University), Panskura R.S, Midnapore (East), West Bengal 721152, India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Chandana Pramanik
- Post Graduate Department of Chemistry, Panskura Banamali College (Vidyasagar University), Panskura R.S, Midnapore (East), West Bengal 721152, India
- Department of Chemistry, Dinabandhu Andrews College, 54 Raja S. C. Mallik Road, South 24-Parganas, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 084, India
| | - Basudev Mandal
- Post Graduate Department of Chemistry, Panskura Banamali College (Vidyasagar University), Panskura R.S, Midnapore (East), West Bengal 721152, India
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Matangini Hazra Govt. College for Women, Tamluk, Midnapore (East), West Bengal 721 649, India
| | - Pulakesh Bera
- Post Graduate Department of Chemistry, Panskura Banamali College (Vidyasagar University), Panskura R.S, Midnapore (East), West Bengal 721152, India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gianferrara T, Cescon E, Grieco I, Spalluto G, Federico S. Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Involvement in Neuroinflammation and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:4631-4697. [PMID: 35170406 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220216113517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GSK-3β activity has been strictly related to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Alzheimer's disease is the most studied neurodegenerative disease, but GSK-3β seems to be involved in almost all neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, Huntington's disease and the autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to help researchers both working on this research topic or not to have a comprehensive overview on GSK-3β in the context of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. METHOD Literature has been searched using PubMed and SciFinder databases by inserting specific keywords. A total of more than 500 articles have been discussed. RESULTS First of all, the structure and regulation of the kinase were briefly discussed and then, specific GSK-3β implications in neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases were illustrated also with the help of figures, to conclude with a comprehensive overview on the most important GSK-3β and multitarget inhibitors. For all discussed compounds, the structure and IC50 values at the target kinase have been reported. CONCLUSION GSK-3β is involved in several signaling pathways both in neurons as well as in glial cells and immune cells. The fine regulation and interconnection of all these pathways are at the base of the rationale use of GSK-3β inhibitors in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. In fact, some compounds are now under clinical trials. Despite this, pharmacodynamic and ADME/Tox profiles of the compounds were often not fully characterized and this is deleterious in such a complex system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Gianferrara
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cescon
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ilenia Grieco
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giampiero Spalluto
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stephanie Federico
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
van der Westhuizen CJ, Stander A, Riley DL, Panayides JL. Discovery of Novel Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors by Virtual Screening, In Vitro Screening, and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:1550-1572. [PMID: 35139637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c01443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common neurodegenerative disease and currently poses a significant socioeconomic problem. This study describes the uses of computer-aided drug discovery techniques to identify novel inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase, a target for Alzheimer's disease. High-throughput virtual screening was employed to predict potential inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase. Validation of enrichment was performed with the DUD-E data set, showing that an ensemble of binding pocket conformations is critical when a diverse set of ligands are being screened. A total of 720 compounds were submitted for in vitro screening, which led to 25 hits being identified with IC50 values of less than 50 μM. The majority of these hits belonged to two scaffolds: 1-ethyl-3-methoxy-3-methylpyrrolidine and 1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-6-amine both of which are noted to be promising compounds for further optimization. As various possible binding poses were suggested from molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations were employed to validate the poses. In the case of the most active compounds identified, a critical, stable water bridge formed deep within the binding pocket was identified potentially explaining in part the lack of activity for subsets of compounds that are not able to form this water bridge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Johan van der Westhuizen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Pretoria 0028, South Africa.,Pharmaceutical Technologies, CSIR Future Production: Chemicals, Meiring Naudé Road, Pretoria 0184, South Africa
| | - André Stander
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Pretoria 0031, South Africa
| | - Darren L Riley
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Jenny-Lee Panayides
- Pharmaceutical Technologies, CSIR Future Production: Chemicals, Meiring Naudé Road, Pretoria 0184, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chen L, Xuchen X, Wang F, Yang Y, Deng G, Liu Y, Liang Y. Double C-S bond formation via multiple Csp 3-H bond cleavage: synthesis of 4-hydroxythiazoles from amides and elemental sulfur under metal-free conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:10068-10072. [PMID: 34762083 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01989a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A novel and efficient approach for the synthesis of 4-hydroxythiazoles from amides and elemental sulfur has been developed. In the presence of P2O5, DMSO and HMPA, this metal-free protocol proceeds smoothly and tolerates a spectrum of functional groups. Furthermore, this strategy involves the process of double Csp3-S bond formation through the cleavage of multiple Csp3-H bonds for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China. .,Huaihua Normal College, Huaihua 418008, China
| | - Xinyu Xuchen
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China.
| | - Fei Wang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China.
| | - Yuan Yang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China.
| | - Guobo Deng
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China. .,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, P. R. China
| | - Yilin Liu
- Institute of Organic Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418008, China.
| | - Yun Liang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for New Petro-chemical Materials and Fine Utilization of Resources, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Farajzadeh N, Özdemir S, Gonca S, Atmaca GY, Erdoğmuş A, Bayır ZA, Koçak MB. Photophysicochemical and Biological Properties of New Phthalocyanines Bearing 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy and 2-(4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethoxy Groups on Peripheral Positions. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:894-906. [PMID: 34727392 DOI: 10.1111/php.13553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
As thiazoles and fluorinated groups are well known as active species of hybrid pharmaceutical agents, this study aimed to evaluate the synergic effect of these groups on the biological features of phthalocyanines for the first time in the hope of discovering efficient pharmaceutical agents. Therefore, a new phthalonitrile derivative namely 4-(2-(4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethoxy)-5-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy)phthalonitrile (1) and its metal-free (2)/metal phthalocyanines (3-5) were prepared and characterized using various spectroscopic techniques. Solubility of new phthalocyanines (2-5) was examined in a series of polar and nonpolar solvents. Additionally, sono/photochemical methods were applied to examine the photophysical and sono/photochemical properties of new zinc phthalocyanine to measure its potential as a probable material for sono/photodynamic therapies. The antioxidant activities of compounds (1-5) were evaluated using the DPPH scavenging activity method and the highest radical scavenging activity was obtained 92.13% (200 mg L-1 ) for manganese phthalocyanine. All the phthalocyanines demonstrated high DNA nuclease activity, as well. The antimicrobial activities of compounds (1-5) were investigated using disk diffusion and microdilution methods. The phthalocyanines exhibited effective microbial cell inhibition activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli). Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy activity was investigated against E. coli by LED irradiation. Compounds (2-5) acted as photosynthesizers. Also, they displayed significant biofilm inhibition activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazli Farajzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sadin Özdemir
- Food Processing Programme, Technical Science Vocational School, Mersin University, Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Serpil Gonca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mersin, Turkey, Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Göknur Yaşa Atmaca
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Erdoğmuş
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zehra Altuntaş Bayır
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Makbule Burkut Koçak
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Liu X, Wu H, Tao X, Ying X, Stien D. Two amide glycosides from Portulaca oleracea L. and its bioactivities. Nat Prod Res 2021; 35:2655-2659. [PMID: 34414848 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1660333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Two novel amide glycosides, named oleraciamide E (1) and oleraciamide F (2), were isolated from the Portulaca oleracea L. Their structures were determined by means of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic and UHPLC-ESI-TOF-MS methods. Oleraciamide E (1) exhibited anticholinesterase activity with IC50 values of 52.43 ± 0.33 μM, and presented scavenging activity in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical quenching assay, with the IC50 values of 24.64 ± 0.33 μM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xilong Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Haibo Wu
- Cancer Intervention Department, Shenyang Sujiatun District Central Hospital, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Tao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Xixiang Ying
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Didier Stien
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Microbienne, Banyuls-sur-mer, France
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hemaida AY, Hassan GS, Maarouf AR, Joubert J, El-Emam AA. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Thiazole-Based Derivatives as Potential Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:19202-19211. [PMID: 34337258 PMCID: PMC8320107 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nineteen new thiazole-based derivatives were synthesized and their structures characterized with analytical and spectral data. The in vitro assessment of their acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity revealed that compounds 10 and 16 produced potent AChE inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 103.24 and 108.94 nM, respectively. Compounds 13, 17, 18, 21, 23, 31, and 33 displayed moderate activity with 25-50% relative potency compared to the known potent AChE inhibitor donepezil. Molecular docking studies of the active compounds docked within the active site cavity of AChE showed a binding orientation similar to that of donepezil, with good predicted binding affinities. These compounds could therefore be considered as potential lead compounds for the development of new and potentially improved AChE inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aya Y. Hemaida
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ghada S. Hassan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Azza R. Maarouf
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Jacques Joubert
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Ali A. El-Emam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Li X, Li X, Liu F, Li S, Shi D. Rational Multitargeted Drug Design Strategy from the Perspective of a Medicinal Chemist. J Med Chem 2021; 64:10581-10605. [PMID: 34313432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The development of multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) has become a widely focused research topic, but rational design remains as an enormous challenge. This paper reviews and discusses the design strategy of incorporating the second activity into an existing single-active ligand. If the binding sites of both targets share similar endogenous substrates, MTDLs can be designed by merging two lead compounds with similar functional groups. If the binding sites are large or adjacent to the solution, two key pharmacophores can be fused directly. If the binding regions are small and deep inside the proteins, the linked-pharmacophore strategy might be the only way. The added pharmacophores of second targets should not affect the binding mode of the original ones. Moreover, the inhibitory activities of the two targets need to be adjusted to achieve an optimal ratio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Dayong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Jiang X, Liu C, Zou M, Xie H, Lin T, Lyu W, Xu J, Li Y, Feng F, Sun H, Liu W. Discovery of 2-(cyclopropanecarboxamido)-N-(5-((1-(4-fluorobenzyl)piperidin-4-yl)methoxy)pyridin-3-yl)isonicotinamide as a potent dual AChE/GSK3β inhibitor for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: Significantly increasing the level of acetylcholine in the brain without affecting that in intestine. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 223:113663. [PMID: 34198150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are currently the first-line drugs approved by the FDA for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, a short effective-window limits their therapeutic benefits. Clinical studies have confirmed that the combination of AChE inhibitors and neuroprotective agents exhibits better anti-AD effects. We have previously reported that the dual AChE/GSK3β (Glycogen synthase kinase 3β) modulators have both neuroprotective effects and cognitive impairment-improvement effects. In this study, we characterized a new backbone of the AChE/GSK3β inhibitor 11c. It was identified as a highly potent AChE inhibitor and was found superior to donepezil, the first-line drug for the treatment of AD. In vivo studies confirmed that 11c significantly inhibited the activity of AChE in the brain but had little effect on the activity of AChE in the intestine. This advantage of 11c was expected to reduce the peripheral side effects caused by donepezil. Furthermore, biomarker studies have shown that 11c also improved the levels of acetylcholine and synaptophysin in the brain and exhibited neuroprotective effects. Preliminary in vivo and in vitro research results underline the exciting potential of compound 11c in the treatment of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyang Jiang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Manxing Zou
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Huanfang Xie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Tailiang Lin
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Weiping Lyu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huai'an, 223003, China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China; Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huai'an, 223003, China.
| | - Haopeng Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Wenyuan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Design, synthesis and in-vitro evaluation of fluorinated triazoles as multi-target directed ligands for Alzheimer disease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 42:127999. [PMID: 33839248 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease is multi-factorial and inflammation plays a major role in the disease progression and severity. Metals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the key mediators for inflammatory conditions associated with Alzheimer's. Along multi-factorial nature, major challenge for developing new drug is the ability of the molecule to cross blood brain barrier (BBB). We have designed and synthesized multi-target directed hexafluorocarbinol containing triazoles to inhibit Amyloid β aggregation and simultaneously chelate the excess metals present in the extracellular space and scavenge the ROS thus reduce the inflammatory condition. From the screened compound library, compound 1c found to be potent and safe. It has demonstrated inhibition of Amyloid β aggregation (IC50 of 4.6 μM) through selective binding with Amyloid β at the nucleation site (evidenced from the molecular docking). It also chelate metals (Cu+2, Zn+2 and Fe+3) and scavenges ROS significantly. Due to the presence of hexafluorocarbinol moiety in the molecule it may assist to permeate BBB and improve the pharmacokinetic properties. The in-vitro results of compound 1c indicate the promiscuity for the development of hexafluorocarbinol containing triazoles amide scaffold as multi-target directed therapy against Alzheimer disease.
Collapse
|
34
|
Yao H, Uras G, Zhang P, Xu S, Yin Y, Liu J, Qin S, Li X, Allen S, Bai R, Gong Q, Zhang H, Zhu Z, Xu J. Discovery of Novel Tacrine-Pyrimidone Hybrids as Potent Dual AChE/GSK-3 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. J Med Chem 2021; 64:7483-7506. [PMID: 34024109 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Based on a multitarget strategy, a series of novel tacrine-pyrimidone hybrids were identified for the potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Biological evaluation results demonstrated that these hybrids exhibited significant inhibitory activities toward acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3). The optimal compound 27g possessed excellent dual AChE/GSK-3 inhibition both in terms of potency and equilibrium (AChE: IC50 = 51.1 nM; GSK-3β: IC50 = 89.3 nM) and displayed significant amelioration on cognitive deficits in scopolamine-induced amnesia mice and efficient reduction against phosphorylation of tau protein on Ser-199 and Ser-396 sites in glyceraldehyde (GA)-stimulated differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, compound 27g exhibited eligible pharmacokinetic properties, good kinase selectivity, and moderate neuroprotection against GA-induced reduction in cell viability and neurite damage in SH-SY5Y-derived neurons. The multifunctional profiles of compound 27g suggest that it deserves further investigation as a promising lead for the prospective treatment of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Giuseppe Uras
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics & Formulation, School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shengtao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ying Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shuai Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xinuo Li
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics & Formulation, School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Stephanie Allen
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics & Formulation, School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Renren Bai
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Qi Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zheying Zhu
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics & Formulation, School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Jinyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Jankowska A, Satała G, Bojarski AJ, Pawłowski M, Chłoń-Rzepa G. Multifunctional Ligands with Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Inhibitory Activity as a New Direction in Drug Research for Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1731-1745. [PMID: 32338201 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200427100453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) belongs to the most common forms of dementia that causes a progressive loss of brain cells and leads to memory impairment and decline of other thinking skills. There is yet no effective treatment for AD; hence, the search for new drugs that could improve memory and other cognitive functions is one of the hot research topics worldwide. Scientific efforts are also directed toward combating behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, which are an integral part of the disease. Several studies have indicated that glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD. Moreover, GSK3β inhibition provided beneficial effects on memory improvement in multiple animal models of AD. The present review aimed to update the most recent reports on the discovery of novel multifunctional ligands with GSK3β inhibitory activity as potential drugs for the symptomatic and disease-modifying therapy of AD. Compounds with GSK3β inhibitory activity seem to be an effective pharmacological approach for treating the causes and symptoms of AD as they reduced neuroinflammation and pathological hallmarks in animal models of AD and provided relief from cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms. These compounds have the potential to be used as drugs for the treatment of AD, but their precise pharmacological, pharmacokinetic, toxicological and clinical profiles need to be defined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Jankowska
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Satała
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej J Bojarski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Pawłowski
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - GraŻyna Chłoń-Rzepa
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kumar B, Thakur A, Dwivedi AR, Kumar R, Kumar V. Multi-Target-Directed Ligands as an Effective Strategy for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:1757-1803. [PMID: 33982650 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210512005508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurological disorder, and multiple pathological factors are believed to be involved in the genesis and progression of the disease. A number of hypotheses, including Acetylcholinesterase, Monoamine oxidase, β-Amyloid, Tau protein, etc., have been proposed for the initiation and progression of the disease. At present, acetylcholine esterase inhibitors and memantine (NMDAR antagonist) are the only approved therapies for the symptomatic management of AD. Most of these single-target drugs have miserably failed in the treatment or halting the progression of the disease. Multi-factorial diseases like AD require complex treatment strategies that involve simultaneous modulation of a network of interacting targets. Since the last few years, Multi-Target-Directed Ligands (MTDLs) strategy, drugs that can simultaneously hit multiple targets, is being explored as an effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of AD. In the current review article, the authors have briefly described various pathogenic pathways associated with AD. The importance of Multi-Target-Directed Ligands and their design strategies in recently reported articles have been discussed in detail. Potent leads are identified through various structure-activity relationship studies, and their drug-like characteristics are described. Recently developed promising compounds have been summarized in the article. Some of these MTDLs with balanced activity profiles against different targets have the potential to be developed as drug candidates for the treatment of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhupinder Kumar
- Central University of Punjab Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, India
| | - Amandeep Thakur
- Central University of Punjab Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, India
| | | | - Rakesh Kumar
- Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab-151001, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab-151001, India
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhou Y, Fu Y, Yin W, Li J, Wang W, Bai F, Xu S, Gong Q, Peng T, Hong Y, Zhang D, Zhang D, Liu Q, Xu Y, Xu HE, Zhang H, Jiang H, Liu H. Kinetics-Driven Drug Design Strategy for Next-Generation Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors to Clinical Candidate. J Med Chem 2021; 64:1844-1855. [PMID: 33570950 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors remain key therapeutic drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the low-safety window limits their maximum therapeutic benefits. Here, a novel kinetics-driven drug design strategy was employed to discover new-generation AChE inhibitors that possess a longer drug-target residence time and exhibit a larger safety window. After detailed investigations, compound 12 was identified as a highly potent, highly selective, orally bioavailable, and brain preferentially distributed AChE inhibitor. Moreover, it significantly ameliorated cognitive impairments in different mouse models with a lower effective dose than donepezil. The X-ray structure of the cocrystal complex provided a precise binding mode between 12 and AChE. Besides, the data from the phase I trials demonstrated that 12 had good safety, tolerance, and pharmacokinetic profiles at all preset doses in healthy volunteers, providing a solid basis for its further investigation in phase II trials for the treatment of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanchao Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Bai
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengtao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiufeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yechun Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - H Eric Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Discovery of potent glycogen synthase kinase 3/cholinesterase inhibitors with neuroprotection as potential therapeutic agent for Alzheimer’s disease. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 30:115940. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
39
|
De Simone A, Tumiatti V, Andrisano V, Milelli A. Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β: A New Gold Rush in Anti-Alzheimer's Disease Multitarget Drug Discovery? J Med Chem 2020; 64:26-41. [PMID: 33346659 PMCID: PMC8016207 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Alzheimer’s
disease (AD), like other multifactorial diseases,
is the result of a systemic breakdown of different physiological networks.
As result, several lines of evidence suggest that it could be more
efficiently tackled by molecules directed toward different dysregulated
biochemical targets or pathways. In this context, the selection of
targets to which the new molecules will be directed is crucial. For
years, the design of such multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) has
been based on the selection of main targets involved in the “cholinergic”
and the “β-amyloid” hypothesis. Recently, there
have been some reports on MTDLs targeting the glycogen synthase kinase
3β (GSK-3β) enzyme, due to its appealing properties. Indeed,
this enzyme is involved in tau hyperphosphorylation, controls a multitude
of CNS-specific signaling pathways, and establishes strict connections
with several factors implicated in AD pathogenesis. In the present
Miniperspective, we will discuss the reasons behind the development
of GSK-3β-directed MTDLs and highlight some of the recent efforts
to obtain these new classes of MTDLs as potential disease-modifying
agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela De Simone
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tumiatti
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso d' Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Vincenza Andrisano
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso d' Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Andrea Milelli
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso d' Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Jiang X, Zhou J, Wang Y, Chen L, Duan Y, Huang J, Liu C, Chen Y, Liu W, Sun H, Feng F, Qu W. Rational design and biological evaluation of a new class of thiazolopyridyl tetrahydroacridines as cholinesterase and GSK-3 dual inhibitors for Alzheimer’s disease. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112751. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
41
|
Gontijo VS, Viegas FPD, Ortiz CJC, de Freitas Silva M, Damasio CM, Rosa MC, Campos TG, Couto DS, Tranches Dias KS, Viegas C. Molecular Hybridization as a Tool in the Design of Multi-target Directed Drug Candidates for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:348-407. [PMID: 31631821 PMCID: PMC7457438 DOI: 10.2174/1385272823666191021124443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative Diseases (NDs) are progressive multifactorial neurological pathologies related to neuronal impairment and functional loss from different brain regions. Currently, no effective treatments are available for any NDs, and this lack of efficacy has been attributed to the multitude of interconnected factors involved in their pathophysiology. In the last two decades, a new approach for the rational design of new drug candidates, also called multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) strategy, has emerged and has been used in the design and for the development of a variety of hybrid compounds capable to act simultaneously in diverse biological targets. Based on the polypharmacology concept, this new paradigm has been thought as a more secure and effective way for modulating concomitantly two or more biochemical pathways responsible for the onset and progress of NDs, trying to overcome low therapeutical effectiveness. As a complement to our previous review article (Curr. Med. Chem. 2007, 14 (17), 1829-1852. https://doi.org/10.2174/092986707781058805), herein we aimed to cover the period from 2008 to 2019 and highlight the most recent advances of the exploitation of Molecular Hybridization (MH) as a tool in the rational design of innovative multifunctional drug candidate prototypes for the treatment of NDs, specially focused on AD, PD, HD and ALS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Silva Gontijo
- PeQuiM-Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil
| | - Flávia P Dias Viegas
- PeQuiM-Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil
| | - Cindy Juliet Cristancho Ortiz
- PeQuiM-Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil
| | - Matheus de Freitas Silva
- PeQuiM-Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil
| | - Caio Miranda Damasio
- PeQuiM-Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil
| | - Mayara Chagas Rosa
- PeQuiM-Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil
| | - Thâmara Gaspar Campos
- PeQuiM-Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil
| | - Dyecika Souza Couto
- PeQuiM-Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil
| | | | - Claudio Viegas
- PeQuiM-Laboratory of Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Federal University of Alfenas, 37133-840, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Antonoglou O, Giannousi K, Mourdikoudis S, Dendrinou-Samara C. Magnetic nanoemulsions as candidates for Alzheimer's disease dual imaging theranostics. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:465702. [PMID: 32750688 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abac35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia linked to the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques-fibrils that impair cognitive functions. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are emerging as promising tools for the crusade against AD owning to appropriate biocompatibility and facile functionalization that can lead to theranostic agents. Herein, the fabrication of a multimodal (magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), fluorescence imaging, and drug carrier) magnetic nanoemulsion (MNE) is reported as an AD theranostic candidate. Initially zinc ferrite MNPs of high saturation magnetization (129 emu g-1) were synthesized through a modified microwave-assisted polyol process. Memantine (a registered AD drug) was labeled with fluorescein (Mem-Flu) and encapsulated with the MNPs in sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles to form the MNE. Small hydrodynamic size (107), high encapsulation (77.5%) and loading efficiencies (86.1%) and sufficient transverse relaxivity (48.7 mM-1 s-1) were achieved through the design while sustained release of Mem-Flu was unveiled by in zero-order, first-order, Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas pharmacokinetic models. Moreover, the MNE acquired fluorescence imaging ability of Aβ1-42 peptide monomers and/or plaques-fibrils via the fluorescein labeling of Memantine. A novel inorganic-organic hybrid multimodal AD theranostic candidate is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orestis Antonoglou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Jiang X, Zhou J, Wang Y, Liu X, Xu K, Xu J, Feng F, Sun H. PROTACs suppression of GSK-3β, a crucial kinase in neurodegenerative diseases. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 210:112949. [PMID: 33097303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) is involved in a variety of diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, bipolar disorder, and diabetes. In this study, a series of heterobifunctional small molecule proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) were designed and synthesized based on E3 ubiquitin ligase cereblon (CRBN). Most of PROTACs displayed good inhibitory activity, with the IC50 values at the double-digits nanomolar levels and moderate protein degradation ability against GSK-3β. Western-blot data showed compound PG21 can effectively degrade GSK-3β in a dose-dependent manner, which can induce 44.2% protein degradation at 2.8 μM. Further pharmacological experiments revealed that the ability of PG21 to degrade GSK-3β is mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). In addition, PG21 protects against glutamate-induced cell death in HT-22 cells. As the first PROTAC example to degrade GSK-3β protein, the present study has provided potential candidates for further investigation in the biological function of GSK-3β protein and its association with diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyang Jiang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Junting Zhou
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Kaiying Xu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Processing of Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China; Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, No.4 Meicheng Road, Huai'an, 223003, China
| | - Haopeng Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Canale V, Grychowska K, Kurczab R, Ryng M, Keeri AR, Satała G, Olejarz-Maciej A, Koczurkiewicz P, Drop M, Blicharz K, Piska K, Pękala E, Janiszewska P, Krawczyk M, Walczak M, Chaumont-Dubel S, Bojarski AJ, Marin P, Popik P, Zajdel P. A dual-acting 5-HT 6 receptor inverse agonist/MAO-B inhibitor displays glioprotective and pro-cognitive properties. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 208:112765. [PMID: 32949963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The complex etiology of Alzheimer's disease has initiated a quest for multi-target ligands to address the multifactorial causes of this neurodegenerative disorder. In this context, we designed dual-acting 5-HT6 receptor (5-HT6R) antagonists/MAO-B inhibitors using pharmacophore hybridization strategy. Our approach involved linking priviliged scaffolds of 5-HT6R with aryloxy fragments derived from reversible and irreversible MAO-B inhibitors. The study identified compound 48 that acts as an inverse agonist of 5-HT6R at Gs signaling and an irreversible MAO-B inhibitor. Compound 48 showed moderate metabolic stability in rat microsomal assay, artificial membrane permeability, no hepatotoxicity, and it was well distributed to the brain. Additionally, 48 showed glioprotective properties in a model of cultured astrocytes using 6-OHDA as the cytotoxic agent. Finally, compound 48 (MED = 1 mg/kg, p.o.) fully reversed memory deficits in the NOR task induced by scopolamine in rats. A better understanding of effects exerted by dual-acting 5-HT6R/MAO-B modulators may impact the future development of neurodegenerative-directed treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Canale
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Grychowska
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Rafał Kurczab
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 12 Smętna Str., 31-324, Kraków, Poland
| | - Mateusz Ryng
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 12 Smętna Str., 31-324, Kraków, Poland
| | - Abdul Raheem Keeri
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Satała
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 12 Smętna Str., 31-324, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Olejarz-Maciej
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paulina Koczurkiewicz
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Drop
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Klaudia Blicharz
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamil Piska
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pękala
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paulina Janiszewska
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Toxicology, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Martyna Krawczyk
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of New Drug Development, 12 Smętna Str., 31-324, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria Walczak
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Toxicology, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Severine Chaumont-Dubel
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS INSERM, 34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Andrzej J Bojarski
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 12 Smętna Str., 31-324, Kraków, Poland
| | - Philippe Marin
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS INSERM, 34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Piotr Popik
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of New Drug Development, 12 Smętna Str., 31-324, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Zajdel
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 9 Medyczna Str., 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Gabr MT, Brogi S. MicroRNA-Based Multitarget Approach for Alzheimer's Disease: Discovery of the First-In-Class Dual Inhibitor of Acetylcholinesterase and MicroRNA-15b Biogenesis. J Med Chem 2020; 63:9695-9704. [PMID: 32787143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The multitarget approach in drug design is a powerful strategy in tackling the multifactorial nature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein, we report a novel strategy in the design of multitargeted therapeutics for AD through dual inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and microRNA-15b biogenesis. We performed high-throughput screening (HTS) of a chemical library to identify binders of mircoRNA-15b which is identified as a biomarker and potential therapeutic target of AD. The hits from HTS were further screened for their AChE inhibitory activity, the most widely investigated target for the development of AD therapeutics. MG-6267 was identified as the first dual inhibitor of AChE and microRNA-15b biogenesis. Cellular assays revealed the superiority of MG-6267 to single-targeted inhibitors of AChE and microRNA-15b in protecting SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells from amyloid-beta (Aβ)-induced cytotoxicity. This work paves the way for future research efforts aiming at the development of microRNA-based multitargeted therapeutics for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa T Gabr
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Simone Brogi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Multitarget Therapeutic Strategies for Alzheimer's Disease: Review on Emerging Target Combinations. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5120230. [PMID: 32714977 PMCID: PMC7354643 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5120230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases represent nowadays one of the major health problems. Despite the efforts made to unveil the mechanism leading to neurodegeneration, it is still not entirely clear what triggers this phenomenon and what allows its progression. Nevertheless, it is accepted that neurodegeneration is a consequence of several detrimental processes, such as protein aggregation, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, finally resulting in the loss of neuronal functions. Starting from these evidences, there has been a wide search for novel agents able to address more than a single event at the same time, the so-called multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs). These compounds originated from the combination of different pharmacophoric elements which endowed them with the ability to interfere with different enzymatic and/or receptor systems, or to exert neuroprotective effects by modulating proteins and metal homeostasis. MTDLs have been the focus of the latest strategies to discover a new treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is considered the most common form of dementia characterized by neurodegeneration and cognitive dysfunctions. This review is aimed at collecting the latest and most interesting target combinations for the treatment of AD, with a detailed discussion on new agents with favorable in vitro properties and on optimized structures that have already been assessed in vivo in animal models of dementia.
Collapse
|
47
|
Jiang X, Guo J, Lv Y, Yao C, Zhang C, Mi Z, Shi Y, Gu J, Zhou T, Bai R, Xie Y. Rational design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel multitargeting anti-AD iron chelators with potent MAO-B inhibitory and antioxidant activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115550. [PMID: 32503694 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of (3-hydroxypyridin-4-one)-coumarin hybrids were developed and investigated as potential multitargeting candidates for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) through the incorporation of iron-chelating and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibition. This combination endowed the hybrids with good capacity to inhibit MAO-B as well as excellent iron-chelating effects. The pFe3+ values of the compounds were ranging from 16.91 to 20.16, comparable to more potent than the reference drug deferiprone (DFP). Among them, compound 18d exhibited the most promising activity against MAO-B, with an IC50 value of 87.9 nM. Moreover, compound 18d exerted favorable antioxidant activity, significantly reversed the amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ1-42) induced PC12 cell damage. More importantly, 18d remarkably ameliorated the cognitive dysfunction in a scopolamine-induced mice AD model. In brief, a series of hybrids with potential anti-AD effect were successfully obtained, indicating that the design of iron chelators with MAO-B inhibitory and antioxidant activities is an attractive strategy against AD progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianan Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Yangjing Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Chuansheng Yao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Changjun Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhisheng Mi
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Yuan Shi
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Jinping Gu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Tao Zhou
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Renren Bai
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China.
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China; College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Jing S, Liu C, Lin H, Zhang X, Wang F, Gao J, Sun J, Chen J, Wang C, Li H. Schisantherin A Improves the Learning and Memory by Reducing the Phosphorylation of Tau Protein of the Hippocampus in AD Mice. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19900687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory disorders are the main symptoms of aging and Alzheimer’s disease and seriously affect the quality of life. Schisandra, as a famous traditional Chinese medicine, has been used for modulating “the internal organs” for a thousand years. The total lignans from Schisandra have been scientifically proved to improve learning and memory ability. Since it is unclear which monomer in Schisandra total lignans exerts such a function, we evaluated the potential effects of Schisantherin A (SCA), the main monomer from Schisandra, on improving learning ability and memory in amyloid β-protein (Aβ1-42)-induced Alzheimer’s disease (AD) model mice. We found that SCA (5 mg/kg) significantly prolonged the latency and reduced the number of errors in a step-through test. SCA significantly shortened the time of finding the platform and increased the number of crossing the platform and the residence time in a Morris water maze test. SCA increased superoxide dismutase activities and reduced the Malondialdehyde level of the hippocampal tissue, suggesting its role in reducing oxidative stress in the AD mice. Furthermore, we found that SCA significantly decreased the hyperphosphorylation of Tau by altering glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) phosphorylation on Tyr216 and Ser9. Our results revealed the mechanism underlying SCA-mediated learning and memory improvement by regulating GSK-3β activity and lowering the hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein in the hippocampus of AD mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Jing
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Huijiao Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Xinyun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Jiaqi Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Jinghui Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Jianguang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - He Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Tseng HJ, Lin MH, Shiao YJ, Yang YC, Chu JC, Chen CY, Chen YY, Lin TE, Su CJ, Pan SL, Chen LC, Wang CY, Hsu KC, Huang WJ. Synthesis and biological evaluation of acridine-based histone deacetylase inhibitors as multitarget agents against Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 192:112193. [PMID: 32151835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Multitarget agents simultaneously trigger molecules in functionally complementary pathways, and are therefore considered to have potential in effectively treating Alzheimer's disease (AD), which has a complex pathogenetic mechanism. In this study, the HDAC inhibitor core is incorporated into the acetylcholine esterase (ACE) inhibitor acridine-derived moiety and resulted in compounds that exhibited higher class IIa HDAC (4, 5, 7, and 9)- and class IIb HDAC6-inhibiting activity when compared to the pan-HDAC inhibitor SAHA in clinical practice. One of these compounds, 11b, displayed greater selectivity toward HDAC6 than other isoform enzymes. In contrast, the activity of compound 6a was selective toward class IIa HDAC and HDAC6. These two compounds exhibited strong activity against Aβ-aggregation as well as significantly disrupted Aβ-oligomer. Additionally, 11b and 6a strongly inhibited AChE. These experimental findings demonstrate that compounds 11b and 6a are HDAC-Aβ-aggregation-AChE inhibitors. Notably, they can enhance neurite outgrowth, but with no significant neurotoxicity. Further biological evaluation revealed the various cellular effects of multitarget compounds 11b and 6a, which have the potential to treat AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ju Tseng
- Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsiang Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Young-Ji Shiao
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chen Yang
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chun Chu
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ying Chen
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tony Eight Lin
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jou Su
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiow-Lin Pan
- Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Chieh Chen
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Life and Health Sciences and Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | | | - Kai-Cheng Hsu
- Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Jan Huang
- Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kumar R, Pavlov PF, Winblad B. Metal Binding by GMP-1 and Its Pyrimido [1, 2]benzimidazole Analogs Confirms Protection Against Amyloid-β Associated Neurotoxicity. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 73:695-705. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-190695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajnish Kumar
- Department of Neurobiology, Care sciences and Societ, Centre for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Pavel F. Pavlov
- Department of Neurobiology, Care sciences and Societ, Centre for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Memory Clinic, Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Department of Neurobiology, Care sciences and Societ, Centre for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Memory Clinic, Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|