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Teo F, Kok CYL, Tan MJ, Je HS. Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived microglia for the study of brain disorders. A comprehensive review of existing protocols. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2024; 16:497-508. [PMID: 38655500 PMCID: PMC11035045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia, resident immune cells of the brain that originate from the yolk sac, play a critical role in maintaining brain homeostasis by monitoring and phagocytosing pathogens and cellular debris in the central nervous system (CNS). While they share characteristics with myeloid cells, they are distinct from macrophages. In response to injury, microglia release pro-inflammatory factors and contribute to brain homeostasis through activities such as synapse pruning and neurogenesis. To better understand their role in neurological disorders, the generation of in vitro models of human microglia has become essential. These models, derived from patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), provide a controlled environment to study the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. The incorporation or generation of microglia into three-dimensional (3D) organoid cultures provides a more physiologically relevant environment that offers further opportunities to study microglial dynamics and disease modeling. This review describes several protocols that have been recently developed for the generation of human-induced microglia. Importantly, it highlights the promise of these in vitro models in advancing our understanding of brain disorders and facilitating personalized drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fionicca Teo
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Catherine Yen Li Kok
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Mao-Jia Tan
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - H. Shawn Je
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Advanced Bioimaging Centre, SingHealth, Academia, 20 College Road, Singapore 169856, Singapore
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Chen H, Zhao Y, Zhao T, Li Y, Ren B, Liang H, Liang H. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes enhance the toxicity effects of dibutyl phthalate on early life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio): Research in physiological, biochemical and molecular aspects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 899:165684. [PMID: 37482360 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate esters (PAEs) are widely used as plasticizers. PAEs are ubiquitous in natural water bodies, with dibutyl phthalate (DBP) being one of the most common PAEs. DBP is prone to leaching or migration into the environment, posing serious health and environmental risks. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been widely used in various fields with the rapid development of nanotechnology. CNTs could alter the environmental behavior and toxicity of co-existing pollutants. CNTs have been shown to rapidly adsorb PEAs. However, current knowledge about the effects of CNTs on DBP toxicity is limited. Here we show that the toxic effects of single and combined exposure to DBP (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 mg/L) and different CNTs (MWCNTs/MWCNTs-COOH, 0.5 mg/L) on the early growth stage of zebrafish. The results suggested that a significant increase in heart rate and heart malformation rate was observed after co-exposure of DBP and MWCNTs/MWCNTs-COOH (p < 0.05). Furthermore, combined exposure increased antioxidant enzyme activity during early developmental stages in zebrafish (p < 0.05). The qRT-PCR results revealed that DBP and MWCNTs/MWCNTs-COOH co-exposure significantly interfered with the expression of genes related to oxidative stress, energy metabolism, development of cardiac function, and apoptosis (p < 0.05). In addition, for oxidative stress and cardiotoxicity, MWCNTs/MWCNTs-COOH aggravated the toxic effects of 0.5 mg/L DBP on embryos/larvae. The metabolomics results showed that co-exposure mitigated the disturbance of amino acid metabolism mediated by single DBP exposure. In general, MWCNTs/MWCNTs-COOH increased the impact of DBP in the early developmental stages of zebrafish. This study provides new insights into the toxicology of early developmental stages of aquatic organisms exposed to co-exist pollutants of DBP and CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyue Chen
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Yuexing Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Yanhong Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Bo Ren
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Hanlin Liang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Hongwu Liang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
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Prakash S. Nano-based drug delivery system for therapeutics: a comprehensive review. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2023; 9:052002. [PMID: 37549657 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/acedb2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine and nano-delivery systems hold unlimited potential in the developing sciences, where nanoscale carriers are employed to efficiently deliver therapeutic drugs at specifically targeted sites in a controlled manner, imparting several advantages concerning improved efficacy and minimizing adverse drug reactions. These nano-delivery systems target-oriented delivery of drugs with precision at several site-specific, with mild toxicity, prolonged circulation time, high solubility, and long retention time in the biological system, which circumvent the problems associated with the conventional delivery approach. Recently, nanocarriers such as dendrimers, liposomes, nanotubes, and nanoparticles have been extensively investigated through structural characteristics, size manipulation, and selective diagnosis through disease imaging molecules, which are very effective and introduce a new paradigm shift in drugs. In this review, the use of nanomedicines in drug delivery has been demonstrated in treating various diseases with significant advances and applications in different fields. In addition, this review discusses the current challenges and future directions for research in these promising fields as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyendra Prakash
- Centre of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
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Chen J, Song Z, Yang J. Whether carbon nanotubes are suitable for delivering small drugs with aromatic rings through non-covalent adsorption? J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
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Zhou T, He S, Ye X, Wei Z, Wan J, Zhang H, Ding S. Exposure to dibutyl phthalate adsorbed to multi-walled carbon nanotubes causes neurotoxicity in mice by inducing the release of BDNF. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 852:158319. [PMID: 36041608 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) exist extensively in the environment, and they are easy to form compound pollution through π-π interactions in the environment. We investigate whether DBP, an environmental hormone disruptor, mediated by CNTs can more easily cross the blood-brain barrier, and whether DBP entering the brain has neurotoxic effects on the cells in the brain. Experimental subjects were 40 male Kunming (KM) mice randomly divided into 4 groups: the control group; the MWCNTs group; the DBP group; and the MWCNTs+DBP group. The mice were exposed via tail intravenous injection once every 3 days for 21 days, following which toxicology studies were carried out. The results of behavioral experiments showed that the mice in the combined exposure group (MWCNTs+DBP) exhibited spatial learning and memory impairment, and anxiety-like behavior. Staining of hippocampal sections of mouse brain tissue showed that, in the CA1, CA2, and DG areas, the number of neurons decreased, the nucleus was pyknotic, the cell body was atrophied, and levels of the microglia marker Iba-1 increased. By proteomic KEGG analysis, we found that the DEPs were mainly those related to neurodegenerative diseases. Immunohistochemistry in the hippocampus indicated that the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the DG region was significantly increased. RT-PCR results revealed that the expression levels of P53, caspase3, and Bax genes related to apoptosis were up-regulated. The experimental results demonstrated that the mechanism of the combined-exposure injury to neurons in the hippocampus of mice may be that MWCNTs with adsorbed DBP can induce the release of BDNF, accelerate the apoptosis of neurons, and reduce the number of nerve cells, which activates microglia, causing neuroinflammation and nervous system toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Hubei, China.
| | - Suli He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Ye
- Liquor Marking Biological Technology and Application of Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin, China.
| | - Zhaolan Wei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Hubei, China
| | - Jian Wan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Hubei, China.
| | - Hongmao Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Hubei, China.
| | - Shumao Ding
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Hubei, China.
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Yadav DN, Ali MS, Thanekar AM, Pogu SV, Rengan AK. Recent Advancements in the Design of Nanodelivery Systems of siRNA for Cancer Therapy. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:4506-4526. [PMID: 36409653 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) has increased the possibility of restoring RNA drug targets for cancer treatment. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a promising therapeutic RNAi tool that targets the defective gene by inhibiting its mRNA expression and stopping its translation. However, siRNAs have flaws like poor intracellular trafficking, RNase degradation, rapid kidney filtration, off-targeting, and toxicity, which limit their therapeutic efficiency. Nanocarriers (NCs) have been designed to overcome such flaws and increase antitumor activity. Combining siRNA and anticancer drugs can give synergistic effects in cancer cells, making them a significant gene-modification tool in cancer therapy. Our discussion of NCs-mediated siRNA delivery in this review includes their mechanism, limitations, and advantages in comparison with naked siRNA delivery. We will also discuss organic NCs (polymers and lipids) and inorganic NCs (quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, and gold) that have been reported for extensive delivery of therapeutic siRNA to tumor sites. Finally, we will conclude by discussing the studies based on organic and inorganic NCs-mediated siRNA drug delivery systems conducted in the years 2020 and 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dokkari Nagalaxmi Yadav
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi 502284, India
| | - Mohammad Sadik Ali
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi 502284, India
| | | | - Sunil Venkanna Pogu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi 502284, India
| | - Aravind Kumar Rengan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi 502284, India
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Assessment of Pristine Carbon Nanotubes Toxicity in Rodent Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315343. [PMID: 36499665 PMCID: PMC9739793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes are increasingly used in nanomedicine and material chemistry research, mostly because of their small size over a large surface area. Due to their properties, they are very attractive candidates for use in medicine and as drug carriers, contrast agents, biological platforms, and so forth. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) may affect many organs, directly or indirectly, so there is a need for toxic effects evaluation. The main mechanisms of toxicity include oxidative stress, inflammation, the ability to damage DNA and cell membrane, as well as necrosis and apoptosis. The research concerning CNTs focuses on different animal models, functionalization, ways of administration, concentrations, times of exposure, and a variety of properties, which have a significant effect on toxicity. The impact of pristine CNTs on toxicity in rodent models is being increasingly studied. However, it is immensely difficult to compare obtained results since there are no standardized tests. This review summarizes the toxicity issues of pristine CNTs in rodent models, as they are often the preferred model for human disease studies, in different organ systems, while considering the various factors that affect them. Regardless, the results showed that the majority of toxicological studies using rodent models revealed some toxic effects. Even with different properties, carbon nanotubes were able to generate inflammation, fibrosis, or biochemical changes in different organs. The problem is that there are only a small amount of long-term toxicity studies, which makes it impossible to obtain a good understanding of later effects. This article will give a greater overview of the situation on toxicity in many organs. It will allow researchers to look at the toxicity of carbon nanotubes in a broader context and help to identify studies that are missing to properly assess toxicity.
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Quercetin alleviated multi-walled carbon nanotubes-induced neurotoxicity in mice through inhibition of oxidation, inflammation, and pyroptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113160. [PMID: 35605300 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we reported that quercetin (Que) could alleviate immunotoxicity induced by pristine multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in mice. In the present study, we explored whether Que could also relieve MWCNTs-induced neurotoxicity. MWCNTs injection induced a dose-dependent neurotoxic effect in mice as evidenced by increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and pyroptosis in the brain. However, treatment with Que ameliorated MWCNTs-induced neurotoxicity as revealed by 1) elevated acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, 2) reduced lipid peroxidation biomarker malondialdehyde (MDA), 3) improved antioxidant status as indicated by increased levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), as well as upregulated expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) genes, 4) decreased levels and expression of inflammatory biomarkers [nitric oxide (NO), interleukin 1 beta (IL1ß), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)], 5) downregulated expression of pyroptosis-related genes [nod-like receptor protein inflammasome 3 (Nlrp3) and caspase 1 (Casp1)] but with no effect on the apoptotic Casp3 gene, 6) minimized axonal degeneration and number of microglia in the cerebral medulla, and 7) diminished the number of degenerated neurons in hippocampus and cerebellum. Taken together, Que could ameliorate MWCNT-induced neurotoxicity through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-pyroptotic mechanisms.
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Wu T, Wang X, Cheng J, Liang X, Li Y, Chen M, Kong L, Tang M. Nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots induce ferroptosis through disrupting calcium homeostasis in microglia. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:22. [PMID: 35331277 PMCID: PMC8944010 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00464-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Along with the wild applications of nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) in the fields of biomedicine and neuroscience, their increasing exposure to the public and potential biosafety problem has gained more and more attention. Unfortunately, the understanding of adverse effects of N-GQDs in the central nervous system (CNS), considered as an important target of nanomaterials, is still limited. Results After we found that N-GQDs caused cell death, neuroinflammation and microglial activation in the hippocampus of mice through the ferroptosis pathway, microglia was used to assess the molecular mechanisms of N-GQDs inducing ferroptosis because it could be the primary target damaged by N-GQDs in the CNS. The microarray data suggested the participation of calcium signaling pathway in the ferroptosis induced by N-GQDs. In microglial BV2 cells, when the calcium content above the homeostatic level caused by N-GQDs was reversed, the number of cell death, ferroptosis alternations and excessive inflammatory cytokines release were all alleviated. Two calcium channels of L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (L-VGCCs) in plasma membrane and ryanodine receptor (RyR) in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) took part in N-GQDs inducing cytosolic calcium overload. L-VGCCs and RyR calcium channels were also involved in promoting the excess iron influx and triggering ER stress response, respectively, which both exert excessive ROS generation and result in the ferroptosis and inflammation in BV2 cells. Conclusion N-GQDs exposure caused ferroptosis and inflammatory responses in hippocampus of mice and cultured microglia through activating two calcium channels to disrupt intracellular calcium homeostasis. The findings not only posted an alert for biomedical applications of N-GQDs, but also highlighted an insight into mechanism researches of GQDs inducing multiple types of cell death in brain tumor therapy in the future. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-022-00464-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Liang
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Kong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
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Gong JY, Holt MG, Hoet PHM, Ghosh M. Neurotoxicity of four frequently used nanoparticles: a systematic review to reveal the missing data. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:1141-1212. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03233-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Al-Otaibi JS, Mary YS, Mary YS, Ullah Z, Yadav R, Gupta N, Churchill DG. Adsorption properties of dacarbazine with graphene/fullerene/metal nanocages - Reactivity, spectroscopic and SERS analysis. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 268:120677. [PMID: 34872861 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery devices are an effective way to minimize anticancer drug toxicity and nanostructures are used in the targeted drug delivery. In the present work, adsorption and interaction behavior of 4-(dimethylaminodiazenyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide (DAIC) with nano complexes (graphene, fullerene and fullerene like metal cages) are reported theoretically. From the reactivity studies, the electrophilicity index of DAIC-nanoclusters are increasing and this gives the bioactivity of the nanocluster systems. Adsorption energy is highest in the case of AlP and lowest in the case of BP clusters. Mulliken charge distribution of all systems is an evidence for chemical enhancement. DAIC adsorption over nanocages causes changes in electronic properties resulting in chemical enhancement and variation in Raman spectra which suggests that nanocages could be a good candidate for DAIC detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamelah S Al-Otaibi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Zakir Ullah
- Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Songdo-dong, Incheon 22012, South Korea
| | - Rohitash Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Nitin Gupta
- Centre for Converging Technologies, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - David G Churchill
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Logic Gate Laboratory, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology (KIHST) (Therapeutic Bioengineering Section), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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12
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Yang X, Xu R, Wen L, Lou Z, Chen Q, Li B. Light-induced thermal convection for collection and removal of carbon nanotubes. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 2:59-65. [PMID: 38933914 PMCID: PMC11197525 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2021.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have exhibited immense potential for applications in biology and medicine, and once their intended purpose is fulfilled, the elimination of residual CNTs is essential to avoid negative effects. In this study, we demonstrated the effective collection and simple removal of CNTs dispersed in a suspension via thermal convection. First, a tapered fiber tip with a cone angle and end diameter of 10° and 3 μm, respectively, was fabricated via a heating and pulling method. Further, a laser beam with a power and wavelength of 100 mW and 1.55 μm, respectively, was launched into the tapered fiber tip, which was placed in a CNT suspension, resulting in the formation of a microbubble on the fiber tip. The temperature gradient on the microbubble and suspension surface induced thermal convection in the suspension, which resulted in the accumulation of CNTs on the fiber tip. The experimentally formed CNT cluster possessed a circular top surface with a diameter of 87 μm and an arched cross-section with a height of 19 μm. Furthermore, this CNT cluster was firmly attached to the fiber tip. Therefore, the removal of CNT clusters can be realized by simply removing the fiber tip from the suspension. Moreover, we simulated the thermal convection that caused CNT aggregation. The obtained results indicate that convection near the fiber tip flows toward it, which pushes the CNTs toward the fiber tip and enables their attachment to it. Further, the flow velocity is symmetrically distributed as a Gaussian function, which results in the formation of a circular top surface and arched cross-sectional profile for the CNT cluster. Our method may be applied in biomedicine for the collection and removal of nano-drug residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianguang Yang
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Long Wen
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Zaizhu Lou
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Qin Chen
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Baojun Li
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
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Vijayalakshmi V, Sadanandan B, Venkataramanaiah Raghu A. Single walled carbon nanotubes in high concentrations is cytotoxic to the human neuronal cell LN18. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Mezzasalma SA, Grassi L, Grassi M. Physical and chemical properties of carbon nanotubes in view of mechanistic neuroscience investigations. Some outlook from condensed matter, materials science and physical chemistry. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 131:112480. [PMID: 34857266 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The open border between non-living and living matter, suggested by increasingly emerging fields of nanoscience interfaced to biological systems, requires a detailed knowledge of nanomaterials properties. An account of the wide spectrum of phenomena, belonging to physical chemistry of interfaces, materials science, solid state physics at the nanoscale and bioelectrochemistry, thus is acquainted for a comprehensive application of carbon nanotubes interphased with neuron cells. This review points out a number of conceptual tools to further address the ongoing advances in coupling neuronal networks with (carbon) nanotube meshworks, and to deepen the basic issues that govern a biological cell or tissue interacting with a nanomaterial. Emphasis is given here to the properties and roles of carbon nanotube systems at relevant spatiotemporal scales of individual molecules, junctions and molecular layers, as well as to the point of view of a condensed matter or materials scientist. Carbon nanotube interactions with blood-brain barrier, drug delivery, biocompatibility and functionalization issues are also regarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano A Mezzasalma
- Ruder Bošković Institute, Materials Physics Division, Bijeniška cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; Lund Institute for advanced Neutron and X-ray Science (LINXS), Lund University, IDEON Building, Delta 5, Scheelevägen 19, 223 70 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Lucia Grassi
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, Trieste University, via Valerio 6, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Mario Grassi
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, Trieste University, via Valerio 6, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
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Kharlamova MV, Kramberger C. Applications of Filled Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Progress, Challenges, and Perspectives. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2863. [PMID: 34835628 PMCID: PMC8623637 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), which possess electrical and thermal conductivity, mechanical strength, and flexibility, and are ultra-light weight, are an outstanding material for applications in nanoelectronics, photovoltaics, thermoelectric power generation, light emission, electrochemical energy storage, catalysis, sensors, spintronics, magnetic recording, and biomedicine. Applications of SWCNTs require nanotube samples with precisely controlled and customized electronic properties. The filling of SWCNTs is a promising approach in the fine-tuning of their electronic properties because a large variety of substances with appropriate physical and chemical properties can be introduced inside SWCNTs. The encapsulation of electron donor or acceptor substances inside SWCNTs opens the way for the Fermi-level engineering of SWCNTs for specific applications. This paper reviews the recent progress in applications of filled SWCNTs and highlights challenges that exist in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna V. Kharlamova
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/BC/2, 1060 Vienna, Austria
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskii Pereulok 9, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Christian Kramberger
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Strudlhofgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Domb AJ, Sharifzadeh G, Nahum V, Hosseinkhani H. Safety Evaluation of Nanotechnology Products. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101615. [PMID: 34683908 PMCID: PMC8539492 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials are now being used in a wide variety of biomedical applications. Medical and health-related issues, however, have raised major concerns, in view of the potential risks of these materials against tissue, cells, and/or organs and these are still poorly understood. These particles are able to interact with the body in countless ways, and they can cause unexpected and hazardous toxicities, especially at cellular levels. Therefore, undertaking in vitro and in vivo experiments is vital to establish their toxicity with natural tissues. In this review, we discuss the underlying mechanisms of nanotoxicity and provide an overview on in vitro characterizations and cytotoxicity assays, as well as in vivo studies that emphasize blood circulation and the in vivo fate of nanomaterials. Our focus is on understanding the role that the physicochemical properties of nanomaterials play in determining their toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham J. Domb
- The Centers for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Alex Grass Center for Drug Design and Synthesis and Cannabinoids Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel;
- Correspondence: (A.J.D.); (H.H.)
| | - Ghorbanali Sharifzadeh
- Department of Polymer Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia;
| | - Victoria Nahum
- The Centers for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Alex Grass Center for Drug Design and Synthesis and Cannabinoids Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel;
| | - Hossein Hosseinkhani
- Innovation Center for Advanced Technology, Matrix, Inc., New York, NY 10029, USA
- Correspondence: (A.J.D.); (H.H.)
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Laganà P, Visalli G, Facciolà A, Ciarello MP, Laganà A, Iannazzo D, Di Pietro A. Is the Antibacterial Activity of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) Related to Antibiotic Resistance? An Assessment in Clinical Isolates. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18179310. [PMID: 34501898 PMCID: PMC8431017 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance has spread globally, compromising the treatment of common infections. This feature is particularly harmful for nosocomial pathogens that can survive on hospital surfaces. Research studies have been conducted to evaluate new materials that are able to counteract the microbial growth and the colonization of the hospital environment. In this context, nanotechnologies have showed encouraging applications. We investigated the antibacterial activity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), both pristine (p) and functionalized (f), at concentrations of 50 and 100 μg mL−1, against bacterial strains isolated from hospital-acquired infections, and this activity was correlated with the antibiotic susceptibility of the strains. The inhibiting effect of MWCNTs occurred for both types and doses tested. Moreover, f-MWCNTs exerted a greater inhibiting effect, with growth decreases greater than 10% at 24 h and 20% at 48 h compared to p-MWCNTs. Moreover, a lower inhibitory effect of MWCNTs, which was more lasting in Gram-positives resistant to cell wall antibiotics, or temporary in Gram-negatives resistant to nucleic acid and protein synthesis inhibitors, was observed, highlighting the strong relation between antibiotic resistance and MWCNT effect. In conclusion, an antimicrobial activity was observed especially for f-MWCNTs that could therefore be loaded with bioactive antimicrobial molecules. However, this potential application of CNTs presupposes the absence of toxicity and therefore total safety for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasqualina Laganà
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.V.); (A.F.); (M.P.C.); (A.L.); (A.D.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Giuseppa Visalli
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.V.); (A.F.); (M.P.C.); (A.L.); (A.D.P.)
| | - Alessio Facciolà
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.V.); (A.F.); (M.P.C.); (A.L.); (A.D.P.)
| | - Marianna Pruiti Ciarello
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.V.); (A.F.); (M.P.C.); (A.L.); (A.D.P.)
| | - Antonio Laganà
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.V.); (A.F.); (M.P.C.); (A.L.); (A.D.P.)
| | - Daniela Iannazzo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Industrial Chemistry and Engineering, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Angela Di Pietro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.V.); (A.F.); (M.P.C.); (A.L.); (A.D.P.)
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Ramezani F, Ghasemi-Kasman M, Nosratiyan N, Ghasemi S, Feizi F. Acute administration of sulfur-doped g-C3N4 induces cognitive deficits and exacerbates the levels of glial activation in mouse hippocampus. Brain Res Bull 2021; 176:54-66. [PMID: 34419511 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
During the last decades, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has attracted increasing attention in several biomedical fields. In this study, the effects of sulfur-doped g-C3N4 (TCN) on cognitive function and histopathology of hippocampus were investigated in mice. The characteristics of synthetized sample were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). Twenty-four male NMRI mice received vehicle, TCN at doses of 50, 150, or 500 mg/kg via gavage for one week. Morris water maze test was done to assess the cognitive function at day 14 post TCN administration. Nissl staining was used to determine the number of dark cells in the hippocampus. Immunostaining against NeuN, GFAP, and Iba1 was done to evaluate the neuronal density and levels of glial activation, respectively. Behavioral tests indicated that TCN reduces the spatial learning and memory in a dose-dependent manner. Histological evaluations showed an increased level of neuronal loss and glial activation in the hippocampus of TCN treated mice at doses of 150 and 500 mg/kg. Overall, our data indicate that TCN induces the cognitive impairment that is partly mediated via its exacerbating impacts on neuronal loss and glial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farangis Ramezani
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghasemi-Kasman
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| | - Nasrin Nosratiyan
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Shahram Ghasemi
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Farideh Feizi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Trovato M, Sciacchitano S, Facciolà A, Valenti A, Visalli G, Di Pietro A. Interleukin‑6 signalling as a valuable cornerstone for molecular medicine (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:107. [PMID: 33907833 PMCID: PMC8057292 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological abilities of interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been under investigation for nearly 40 years. IL-6 works through an interaction with the complex peptide IL-6 receptor (IL-6R). IL-6 is built with four α-chain nanostructures, while two different chains, IL-6Rα (gp80) and gp130/IL6β (gp130), are included in IL-6R. The three-dimensional shapes of the six chains composing the IL-6/IL-6R complex are the basis for the nanomolecular roles of IL-6 signalling. Genes, pseudogenes and competitive endogenous RNAs of IL-6 have been identified. In the present review, the roles played by miRNA in the post-transcriptional regulation of IL-6 expression are evaluated. mRNAs are absorbed via the 'sponge' effect to dynamically balance mRNA levels and this has been assessed with regard to IL-6 transcription efficiency. According to current knowledge on molecular and nanomolecular structures involved in active IL-6 signalling, two different IL-6 models have been proposed. IL-6 mainly has functions in inflammatory processes, as well as in cognitive activities. Furthermore, the abnormal production of IL-6 has been found in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; also known as COVID-19). In the present review, both inflammatory and cognitive IL-6 models were analysed by evaluating the cytological and histological locations of IL-6 signalling. The goal of this review was to illustrate the roles of the classic and trans-signalling IL-6 pathways in endocrine glands such as the thyroid and in the central nervous system. Specifically, autoimmune thyroid diseases, disorders of cognitive processes and SARS-CoV-2 virus infection have been examined to determine the contribution of IL-6 to these disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Trovato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, I‑98125 Messina, Italy
| | | | - Alessio Facciolà
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, I‑98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Andrea Valenti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, I‑98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Visalli
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Policlinico Universitario, I‑98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Angela Di Pietro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Policlinico Universitario, I‑98125 Messina, Italy
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Shah P, Lalan M, Jani D. Toxicological Aspects of Carbon Nanotubes, Fullerenes and Graphenes. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:556-564. [PMID: 32938342 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200916143741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanomedicines exhibit unbelievable capability in overcoming the hurdles faced in biological applications. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene-family nanomaterials and fullerenes are a class of engineered nanoparticles that have emerged as a new option for possible use in drug/gene delivery for life-threatening diseases. Their adaptability to pharmaceutical applications has opened new vistas for biomedical applications. Successful applications of this family of engineered nanoparticles in various fields may not support their use in medicine due to inconsistent data on toxicity as well as the lack of a centralized toxicity database. Inconsistent toxicological studies and lack of mechanistic understanding have been the reasons for limited understanding of their toxicological aspects. These nanoparticles, when underivatized or pristine, are considered as safe, however less reactive. The derivatized forms or functionalization changes their chemistry significantly to modify their biological effects including toxicity. They can cause acute and long term injuries in tissues by penetration through the the blood-air barrier, blood-alveolus barrier, blood-brain barrier, and blood-placenta barrier. and by accumulating in the lung, liver, and spleen . The toxicological effects are manifested through inflammatory response, DNA damage, apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis. Other factors that largely influence the toxicity of carbon nanotubes, graphenes and fullerenes are the concentration, functionalization, dimensional and surface topographical factors. Thus, a better understanding of the toxicity profile of CNTs, graphene-family nanomaterials and fullerenes in humans, animals and the environment is of significant importance, to improve their biological safety, to facilitate their wide biological application and for the successful commercial application. The exploration of appropriate cell lines to investigate specific receptors and intracellular targets as well as chronic toxicity beyond the proof-of-concept is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Shah
- Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Dist: Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Manisha Lalan
- Babaria Institute of Pharmacy, BITS Edu Campus, NH # 8, Varnama, Vadodara, Gujarat-391247, India
| | - Deepti Jani
- Babaria Institute of Pharmacy, BITS Edu Campus, NH # 8, Varnama, Vadodara, Gujarat-391247, India
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21
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Wu T, Li Y, Liang X, Liu X, Tang M. Identification of potential circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks in response to graphene quantum dots in microglia by microarray analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111672. [PMID: 33396004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Along with the increasing application of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) in the fields of biomedicine and neuroscience, it is important to assess the probably adverse effects of GQDs in the central nervous system (CNS) but their underlying toxic mechanisms is still unclear. In this study, we evaluate the molecular mechanisms associated with circular RNAs (circRNAs) of nitrogen-doped GQDs (N-GQDs) and amino-functionalized GQDs (A-GQDs) damaging the cell viability and cellular structure in microglia by an integrative analysis of RNA microarray. The differentially expressed circRNA (DEcircRNAs)-miRNA- differentially expressed mRNA (DEmRNAs) regulatory networks were conducted in BV2 microglial cells treated with 25 µg/mL N-GQDs, 100 µg/mL N-GQDs and 100 µg/mL A-GQDs. Based on that, the protein-coding genes in each ceRNA network were collected to do bio-functional analysis to evaluate signaling pathways that were indirectly mediated by circRNAs. Some pathways that could play indispensable roles in the neurotoxicity of N-GQDs or both two kinds of GQDs were found. Low-dosed N-GQDs exposure mainly induced inflammatory action in microglia, while high-dosed N-GQDs and A-GQDs exposure both affect olfactory transduction and GABAergic synapse. Meanwhile, several classical signaling pathways, including mTOR, ErbB and MAPK, could make diverse contributions to the neurotoxicity of both two kinds of GQDs. These circRNAs could be toxic biomarkers or protective targets in neurotoxicity of GQDs. More importantly, they emphasized the necessity of comprehensive analysis of latent molecular mechanisms through epigenetics approaches in biosafety assessment of graphene-based nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Wu
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Yimeng Li
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xue Liang
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xi Liu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Meng Tang
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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Mirsalari H, Maleki A, Raissi H, Soltanabadi A. Investigation of the Pristine and Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes as a Delivery System for the Anticancer Drug Dacarbazine: Drug Encapsulation. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:2005-2016. [PMID: 33186581 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) have been used as the systems in drug delivery due to their exceptional physical and chemical properties. In this study, the adsorption of an anticancer drug Dacarbazine (DAC) into the inner and outer surface of pristine and Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes (FCNTs) with four carboxylic acid groups was investigated in aqueous solution using the Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations. Our simulation results showed that in spite of the adsorption of drug molecules on the outer sidewall of pristine and functionalized nanotubes, the spontaneous encapsulation of DAC molecule into the cavity of CNTs and FCNTs is observed. The simulations show that the arrangement of the DAC molecule into the CNTs and FCNTs is controlled by π-π interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halimeh Mirsalari
- Department of Chemistry, Omidiyeh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Omidiyeh, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Maleki
- Department of Chemistry, Omidiyeh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Omidiyeh, Iran.
| | - Heidar Raissi
- Chemistry Department, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Azim Soltanabadi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah. Iran
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Portioli C, Bussy C, Mazza M, Lozano N, Jasim DA, Prato M, Bianco A, Bentivoglio M, Kostarelos K. Intracerebral Injection of Graphene Oxide Nanosheets Mitigates Microglial Activation Without Inducing Acute Neurotoxicity: A Pilot Comparison to Other Nanomaterials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2004029. [PMID: 33210448 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202004029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) are being explored for neurological applications. However, systematic in vivo studies investigating the effects of CNM nanocarriers in the brain and how brain cells respond to such nanomaterials are scarce. To address this, functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide (GO) sheets are injected in mice brain and compared with charged liposomes. The induction of acute neuroinflammatory and neurotoxic effects locally and in brain structures distant from the injection site are assessed up to 1 week postadministration. While significant neuronal cell loss and sustained microglial cell activation are observed after injection of cationic liposomes, none of the tested CNMs induces either neurodegeneration or microglial activation. Among the candidate nanocarriers tested, GO sheets appear to elicit the least deleterious neuroinflammatory profile. At molecular level, GO induces moderate activation of proinflammatory markers compared to vehicle control. At histological level, brain response to GO is lower than after vehicle control injection, suggesting some capacity for GO to reduce the impact of stereotactic injection on brain. While these findings are encouraging and valuable in the selection and design of nanomaterial-based brain delivery systems, they warrant further investigations to better understand the mechanisms underlying GO immunomodulatory properties in brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Portioli
- Nanomedicine Lab, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy
| | - Cyrill Bussy
- Nanomedicine Lab, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Mariarosa Mazza
- Nanomedicine Lab, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Neus Lozano
- Nanomedicine Lab, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2) and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Dhifaf A Jasim
- Nanomedicine Lab, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, 34127, Italy
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 182, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
| | - Alberto Bianco
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR3572, ISIS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Marina Bentivoglio
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine Lab, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2) and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
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Qiu B, Bessler N, Figler K, Buchholz M, Rios AC, Malda J, Levato R, Caiazzo M. Bioprinting Neural Systems to Model Central Nervous System Diseases. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:1910250. [PMID: 34566552 PMCID: PMC8444304 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201910250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
To date, pharmaceutical progresses in central nervous system (CNS) diseases are clearly hampered by the lack of suitable disease models. Indeed, animal models do not faithfully represent human neurodegenerative processes and human in vitro 2D cell culture systems cannot recapitulate the in vivo complexity of neural systems. The search for valuable models of neurodegenerative diseases has recently been revived by the addition of 3D culture that allows to re-create the in vivo microenvironment including the interactions among different neural cell types and the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) components. In this review, the new challenges in the field of CNS diseases in vitro 3D modeling are discussed, focusing on the implementation of bioprinting approaches enabling positional control on the generation of the 3D microenvironments. The focus is specifically on the choice of the optimal materials to simulate the ECM brain compartment and the biofabrication technologies needed to shape the cellular components within a microenvironment that significantly represents brain biochemical and biophysical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boning Qiu
- Department of PharmaceuticsUtrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS)Utrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 99Utrecht3584 CGThe Netherlands
| | - Nils Bessler
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric OncologyHeidelberglaan 25Utrecht3584 CSThe Netherlands
| | - Kianti Figler
- Department of PharmaceuticsUtrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS)Utrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 99Utrecht3584 CGThe Netherlands
| | - Maj‐Britt Buchholz
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric OncologyHeidelberglaan 25Utrecht3584 CSThe Netherlands
| | - Anne C. Rios
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric OncologyHeidelberglaan 25Utrecht3584 CSThe Netherlands
| | - Jos Malda
- Department of Orthopaedics and Regenerative Medicine Center UtrechtUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht UniversityHeidelberglaan 100Utrecht3584CXThe Netherlands
- Department of Equine SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityYalelaan 112Utrecht3584CXThe Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Levato
- Department of Orthopaedics and Regenerative Medicine Center UtrechtUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht UniversityHeidelberglaan 100Utrecht3584CXThe Netherlands
- Department of Equine SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityYalelaan 112Utrecht3584CXThe Netherlands
| | - Massimiliano Caiazzo
- Department of PharmaceuticsUtrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS)Utrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 99Utrecht3584 CGThe Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical BiotechnologyUniversity of Naples “Federico II”Via Pansini 5Naples80131Italy
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Alghamdi M, Chierchini F, Eigel D, Taplan C, Miles T, Pette D, Welzel PB, Werner C, Wang W, Neto C, Gumbleton M, Newland B. Poly(ethylene glycol) based nanotubes for tuneable drug delivery to glioblastoma multiforme. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:4498-4509. [PMID: 36132909 PMCID: PMC9418774 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00471e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive type of malignant brain tumour, which is associated with a poor two-year survival rate and a high rate of fatal recurrence near the original tumour. Focal/local drug delivery devices hold promise for improving therapeutic outcomes for GBM by increasing drug concentrations locally at the tumour site, or by facilitating the use of potent anti-cancer drugs that are poorly permeable across the blood brain barrier (BBB). For inoperable tumours, stereotactic delivery to the tumour necessitates the development of nanoscale/microscale injectable drug delivery devices. Herein we assess the ability of a novel class of polymer nanotube (based on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)) to load doxorubicin (a mainstay breast cancer therapeutic with poor BBB permeability) and release it slowly. The drug loading properties of the PEG nanotubes could be tuned by varying the degree of carboxylic acid functionalisation and hence the capacity of the nanotubes to electrostatically bind and load doxorubicin. 70% of the drug was released over the first seven days followed by sustained drug release for the remaining two weeks tested. Unloaded PEG nanotubes showed no toxicity to any of the cell types analysed, whereas doxorubicin loaded nanotubes decreased GBM cell viability (C6, U-87 and U-251) in a dose dependent manner in 2D in vitro culture. Finally, doxorubicin loaded PEG nanotubes significantly reduced the viability of in vitro 3D GBM models whilst unloaded nanotubes showed no cytotoxicity. Taken together, these findings show that polymer nanotubes could be used to deliver alternative anti-cancer drugs for local therapeutic strategies against brain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Alghamdi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University King Edward VII Avenue Cardiff CF10 3NB UK
- School of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Filippo Chierchini
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University King Edward VII Avenue Cardiff CF10 3NB UK
| | - Dimitri Eigel
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden Hohe Straße 6 D-01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Christian Taplan
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden Hohe Straße 6 D-01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Thomas Miles
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University King Edward VII Avenue Cardiff CF10 3NB UK
| | - Dagmar Pette
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden Hohe Straße 6 D-01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Petra B Welzel
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden Hohe Straße 6 D-01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Carsten Werner
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden Hohe Straße 6 D-01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Wenxin Wang
- Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin Ireland
| | - Catia Neto
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University King Edward VII Avenue Cardiff CF10 3NB UK
| | - Mark Gumbleton
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University King Edward VII Avenue Cardiff CF10 3NB UK
| | - Ben Newland
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University King Edward VII Avenue Cardiff CF10 3NB UK
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden Hohe Straße 6 D-01069 Dresden Germany
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26
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Farokhi M, Mottaghitalab F, Saeb MR, Shojaei S, Zarrin NK, Thomas S, Ramakrishna S. Conductive Biomaterials as Substrates for Neural Stem Cells Differentiation towards Neuronal Lineage Cells. Macromol Biosci 2020; 21:e2000123. [PMID: 33015992 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The injuries and defects in the central nervous system are the causes of disability and death of an affected person. As of now, there are no clinically available methods to enhance neural structural regeneration and functional recovery of nerve injuries. Recently, some experimental studies claimed that the injuries in brain can be repaired by progenitor or neural stem cells located in the neurogenic sites of adult mammalian brain. Various attempts have been made to construct biomimetic physiological microenvironment for neural stem cells to control their ultimate fate. Conductive materials have been considered as one the best choices for nerve regeneration due to the capacity to mimic the microenvironment of stem cells and regulate the alignment, growth, and differentiation of neural stem cells. The review highlights the use of conductive biomaterials, e.g., polypyrrole, polyaniline, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), multi-walled carbon nanotubes, single-wall carbon nanotubes, graphene, and graphite oxide, for controlling the neural stem cells activities in terms of proliferation and neuronal differentiation. The effects of conductive biomaterials in axon elongation and synapse formation for optimal repair of central nervous system injuries are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Farokhi
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mottaghitalab
- Nanotechnology Research CentreFaculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14155-6451, Iran
| | | | - Shahrokh Shojaei
- Stem Cells Research CenterTissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
| | - Negin Khaneh Zarrin
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
| | - Sabu Thomas
- School of Chemical Sciences, MG University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Centre for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
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27
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Jha R, Singh A, Sharma P, Fuloria NK. Smart carbon nanotubes for drug delivery system: A comprehensive study. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Wu T, Liang X, Liu X, Li Y, Wang Y, Kong L, Tang M. Induction of ferroptosis in response to graphene quantum dots through mitochondrial oxidative stress in microglia. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:30. [PMID: 32652997 PMCID: PMC7353734 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00363-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) provide a bright prospect in the biomedical application because they contain low-toxic compounds and promise imaging of deep tissues and tiny vascular structures. However, the biosafety of this novel QDs has not been thoroughly evaluated, especially in the central nervous system (CNS). The microarray analysis provides a hint that nitrogen-doped GQDs (N-GQDs) exposure could cause ferroptosis in microglia, which is a novel form of cell death dependent on iron overload and lipid peroxidation. RESULTS The cytosolic iron overload, glutathione (GSH) depletion, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were observed in microglial BV2 cells treated with N-GQDs, which indicated that N-GQDs could damage the iron metabolism and redox balance in microglia. The pre-treatments of a specific ferroptosis inhibitor Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) and an iron chelater Deferoxamine mesylate (DFO) not only inhibited cell death, but also alleviated iron overload, LPO and alternations in ferroptosis biomarkers in microglia, which were caused by N-GQDs. When assessing the potential mechanisms of N-GQDs causing ferroptosis in microglia, we found that the iron content, ROS generation and LPO level in mitochondria of BV2 cells all enhanced after N-GQDs exposure. When the antioxidant ability of mitochondria was increased by the pre-treatment of a mitochondria targeted ROS scavenger MitoTEMPO, the ferroptotic biological changes were effectively reversed in BV2 cells treated with N-GQDs, which indicated that the N-GQDs-induced ferroptosis in microglia could be attributed to the mitochondrial oxidative stress. Additionally, amino functionalized GQDs (A-GQDs) elicited milder redox imbalance in mitochondria and resulted in less ferroptotic effects than N-GQDs in microglia, which suggested a slight protection of amino group functionalization in GQDs causing ferroptosis. CONCLUSION N-GQDs exposure caused ferroptosis in microglia via inducing mitochondrial oxidative stress, and the ferroptotic effects induced by A-GQDs were milder than N-GQDs when the exposure method is same. This study will not only provide new insights in the GQDs-induced cell damage performed in multiple types of cell death, but also in the influence of chemical modification on the toxicity of GQDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education; School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Xue Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education; School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Xi Liu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yimeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education; School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yutong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education; School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Lu Kong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education; School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Meng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education; School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China.
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29
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Fadeel B, Kostarelos K. Grouping all carbon nanotubes into a single substance category is scientifically unjustified. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 15:164. [PMID: 32123379 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-020-0654-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bengt Fadeel
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), Barcelona, Spain
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30
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Gonzalez-Carter D, Goode AE, Kiryushko D, Masuda S, Hu S, Lopes-Rodrigues R, Dexter DT, Shaffer MSP, Porter AE. Quantification of blood-brain barrier transport and neuronal toxicity of unlabelled multiwalled carbon nanotubes as a function of surface charge. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:22054-22069. [PMID: 31720664 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02866h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles capable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier (BBB) will greatly advance the delivery of therapies against brain disorders. Carbon nanotubes hold great potential as delivery vehicles due to their high aspect-ratio and cell-penetrating ability. Studies have shown multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) cross the BBB, however they have largely relied on labelling methods to track and quantify transport, or on individual electron microscopy images to qualitatively assess transcytosis. Therefore, new direct and quantitative methods, using well-defined and unlabelled MWCNT, are needed to compare BBB translocation of different MWCNT types. Using highly controlled anionic (-), cationic (+) and non-ionic (0) functionalized MWCNT (fMWCNT), we correlate UV-visible spectroscopy with quantitative transmission electron microscopy, quantified from c. 270 endothelial cells, to examine cellular uptake, BBB transport and neurotoxicity of unlabelled fMWCNT. Our results demonstrate that: (i) a large fraction of cationic and non-ionic, but not anionic fMWCNT become trapped at the luminal brain endothelial cell membrane; (ii) despite high cell association, fMWCNT uptake by brain endothelial cells is low (<1.5% ID) and does not correlate with BBB translocation, (iii) anionic fMWCNT have highest transport levels across an in vitro model of the human BBB compared to non-ionic or cationic nanotubes; and (iv) fMWCNT are not toxic to hippocampal neurons at relevant abluminal concentrations; however, fMWCNT charge has an effect on carbon nanotube neurotoxicity at higher fMWCNT concentrations. This quantitative combination of microscopy and spectroscopy, with cellular assays, provides a crucial strategy to predict brain penetration efficiency and neurotoxicity of unlabelled MWCNT and other nanoparticle technologies relevant to human health.
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31
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Naskhi A, Jabbari S, Othman GQ, Aziz FM, Salihi A, Sharifi M, Sari S, Akhtari K, Abdulqadir SZ, Alasady AA, Abou-Zied OK, Hasan A, Falahati M. Vitamin K1 As A Potential Molecule For Reducing Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes-Stimulated α-Synuclein Structural Changes And Cytotoxicity. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:8433-8444. [PMID: 31749617 PMCID: PMC6818677 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s223182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Different kinds of vitamins can be used as promising candidates to mitigate the structural changes of proteins and associated cytotoxicity stimulated by NPs. Therefore, the structural changes of α-syn molecules and their associated cytotoxicity in the presence of SWCNTs either alone or co-incubated with vitamin K1 were studied by spectroscopic, bioinformatical, and cellular assays. Methods Intrinsic and ThT fluorescence, CD, and Congo red absorption spectroscopic approaches as well as TEM investigation, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics were used to explore the protective effect of vitamin K1 on the structural changes of α-syn induced by SWCNTs. The cytotoxicity of α-syn/SWCNTs co-incubated with vitamin K1 against SH-SY5Y cells was also carried out by MTT, LDH, and caspase-3 assays. Results Fluorescence spectroscopy showed that vitamin K1 has a significant effect in reducing SWCNT-induced fluorescence quenching and aggregation of α- syn. CD, Congo red adsorption, and TEM investigations determined that co-incubation of α- syn with vitamin K1 inhibited the propensity of α-syn into the structural changes and amorphous aggregation in the presence of SWCNT. Docking studies determined the occupation of preferred docked site of SWCNT by vitamin K1 on α- syn conformation. A molecular dynamics study also showed that vitamin K1 reduced the structural changes of α- syn induced by SWCNT. Cellular data exhibited that the cytotoxicity of α- syn co-incubated with vitamin K1 in the presence of SWCNTs is less than the outcomes obtained in the absence of the vitamin K1. Conclusion It may be concluded that vitamin K1 decreases the propensity of α- syn aggregation in the presence of SWCNTs and induction of cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitis Naskhi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Jabbari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Goran Qader Othman
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Health Technical College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Falah Mohammad Aziz
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Abbas Salihi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.,Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Science, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Majid Sharifi
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soyar Sari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keivan Akhtari
- Department of Physics, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Shang Ziyad Abdulqadir
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Asaad Ab Alasady
- Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology Unit, College of Medicine, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Osama K Abou-Zied
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.,Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Mojtaba Falahati
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults, associated with a high mortality rate and a survival of between 12 and 15 months after diagnosis. Due to current treatment limitations involving surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy with temozolamide, there is a high rate of treatment failure and recurrence. To try to overcome these limitations nanotechnology has emerged as a novel alternative. Lipid, polymeric, silica and magnetic nanoparticles, among others, are being developed to improve GBM treatment and diagnosis. These nanoformulations have many advantages, including lower toxicity, biocompatibility and the ability to be directed toward the tumor. This article reviews the progress that have been made and the large variety of nanoparticles currently under study for GBM.
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Kitko KE, Zhang Q. Graphene-Based Nanomaterials: From Production to Integration With Modern Tools in Neuroscience. Front Syst Neurosci 2019; 13:26. [PMID: 31379522 PMCID: PMC6646684 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2019.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene, a two-dimensional carbon crystal, has emerged as a promising material for sensing and modulating neuronal activity in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we provide a primer for how manufacturing processes to produce graphene and graphene oxide result in materials properties that may be tailored for a variety of applications. We further discuss how graphene may be composited with other bio-compatible materials of interest to make novel hybrid complexes with desired characteristics for bio-interfacing. We then highlight graphene's ever-widen utility and unique properties that may in the future be multiplexed for cross-modal modulation or interrogation of neuronal network. As the biological effects of graphene are still an area of active investigation, we discuss recent development, with special focus on how surface coatings and surface properties of graphene are relevant to its biological effects. We discuss studies conducted in both non-murine and murine systems, and emphasize the preclinical aspect of graphene's potential without undermining its tangible clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina E. Kitko
- Program in Interdisciplinary Materials Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Qi Zhang
- The Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, United States
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34
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Advances in drug delivery, gene delivery and therapeutic agents based on dendritic materials. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:1791-1810. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrimers are synthetic polymers that grow in three dimensions into well-defined structures. Their morphological appearance resembles a number of trees connected by a common point. Dendritic nanoparticles have been studied for a large number of pharmaceutical and biomedical applications including gene and drug delivery, clinical diagnosis and MRI. Despite the application of dendrimers, research is still in its childhood in comparison with liposomes and other nanomaterials. They are now playing a key role in several therapeutic strategies, with dendrimer-based products in clinical trials. The aim of this review is to describe the state-of-the-art of biomedical applications of dendrimers – and dendrimer conjugates – such as drug and gene delivery and antiviral activity.
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35
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Priyadarsini S, Sahoo SK, Sahu S, Mukherjee S, Hota G, Mishra M. Oral administration of graphene oxide nano-sheets induces oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and behavioral teratogenicity in Drosophila melanogaster. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:19560-19574. [PMID: 31079296 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05357-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The current study checks the effect of various concentrations of dietary graphene oxide (GO) nano-sheets on the development of Drosophila melanogaster. GO was synthesized and characterized by XRD, FTIR, FESEM, and TEM analytical techniques. Various concentrations of GO were mixed with the fly food and flies were transferred to the vial. Various behavioral and morphological as well as genetic defects were checked on the different developmental stages of the offspring. In the larval stage of development, the crawling speed and trailing path change significantly than the control. GO induces the generation of oxygen radicals within the larval hemolymph as evidenced by nitroblue tetrazolium assay. GO induces DNA damage within the gut cell, which was detected by Hoechst staining and within hemolymph by comet assay. Adult flies hatched after GO treatment show defective phototaxis and geotaxis behavior. Besides behavior, phenotypic defects were observed in the wing, eye, thorax bristles, and mouth parts. At 300 mg/L concentration, wing spots were observed. Altogether, the current study finds oral administration of GO which acts as a mutagen and causes various behavioral and developmental defects in the offspring. Here for the first time, we are reporting GO, which acts as a teratogen in Drosophila, besides its extensive medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashree Priyadarsini
- Neural Developmental Biology Lab, Department of Life Science, NIT Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | | | - Swetapadma Sahu
- Neural Developmental Biology Lab, Department of Life Science, NIT Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Sumit Mukherjee
- Neural Developmental Biology Lab, Department of Life Science, NIT Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Garudadhwaj Hota
- Department of Chemistry, NIT Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Monalisa Mishra
- Neural Developmental Biology Lab, Department of Life Science, NIT Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
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Toxicity of carbon-based nanomaterials: Reviewing recent reports in medical and biological systems. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 307:206-222. [PMID: 31054282 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Application of nanomaterials in our daily life is increasing, day in day out and concerns have raised about their toxicity for human and other organisms. In this manner, carbon-based nanomaterials have been applied to different products due to their unique physicochemical, electrical, mechanical properties, and biological compatibility. But, there are several reports about the negative effects of these materials on biological systems and cellular compartments. This review article describes the various types of carbon-based nanomaterials and methods that use for determining these toxic effects that are reported recently in the papers. Then, extensively discussed the toxic effects of these materials on the human and other living organisms and also their toxicity routs including Neurotoxicity, Hepatotoxicity, Nephrotoxicity, Immunotoxicity, Cardiotoxicity, Genotoxicity and epigenetic toxicity, Dermatotoxicity, and Carcinogenicity.
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37
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Facciolà A, Visalli G, La Maestra S, Ceccarelli M, D'Aleo F, Nunnari G, Pellicanò GF, Di Pietro A. Carbon nanotubes and central nervous system: Environmental risks, toxicological aspects and future perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 65:23-30. [PMID: 30500734 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Due to their morphological and physicochemical properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) enhance the structural properties of several materials and are produced in great volumes. The production and the manufacturing of CNTs-incorporated products can lead to the potential environmental release of CNTs. For these reasons, CNTs can represent a serious concern for human health. Humans are exposed to nanoparticles through inhalation, ingestion and skin uptake. After their entrance, the particles can reach the Central Nervous System (CNS) through three different pathways: the systemic, olfactory and trigeminal pathways. In the first, through systemic blood circulation, nanoparticles cross both the blood-brain and blood-spinal cord barriers, which are highly selective semipermeable barriers that protect the CNS compartments. The second is the step from the nose to brain route and occurs along axons and via nerve bundles that cross the cribriform plate to the olfactory bulb. In the third, the compounds diffuse through the nasal cavity mucosa to reach the branches of the trigeminal nerve in the olfactory and respiratory regions, and they reach brain stem via axonal transport. After their entrance, CNTs reach the CNS where they may cause cytotoxicity of selected neurons in several CNS regions, impairing molecular pathways and contributing to the onset and progression of chronic brain inflammation, microglia activation and white matter abnormalities with an increased risk for autism spectrum disorders, lower IQ in children, neurodegenerative diseases and stroke. The large surface area to mass ratio of CNTs greatly increases surface reactivity. Despite this property considerable contributes to their toxicological profile in biological systems, also makes CNTs very attractive in the medical field, where they can be used as carriers of bioactive molecules, contrast agents, biological platforms and for many other applications in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Facciolà
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Visalli
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Italy
| | | | - Manuela Ceccarelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco D'Aleo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Nunnari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Messina, Italy
| | | | - Angela Di Pietro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Italy.
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38
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Del Bonis-O’Donnell JT, Chio L, Dorlhiac GF, McFarlane IR, Landry MP. Advances in Nanomaterials for Brain Microscopy. NANO RESEARCH 2018; 11:5144-5172. [PMID: 31105899 PMCID: PMC6516768 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-018-2145-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Microscopic imaging of the brain continues to reveal details of its structure, connectivity, and function. To further improve our understanding of the emergent properties and functions of neural circuits, new methods are necessary to directly visualize the relationship between brain structure, neuron activity, and neurochemistry. Advances in engineering the chemical and optical properties of nanomaterials concurrent with developments in deep-tissue microscopy hold tremendous promise for overcoming the current challenges associated with in vivo brain imaging, particularly for imaging the brain through optically-dense brain tissue, skull, and scalp. To this end, developments in nanomaterials offer much promise toward implementing tunable chemical functionality for neurochemical targeting and sensing, and fluorescence stability for long-term imaging. In this review, we summarize current brain microscopy methods and describe the diverse classes of nanomaterials recently leveraged as contrast agents and functional probes for microscopic optical imaging of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linda Chio
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Gabriel F Dorlhiac
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Ian R McFarlane
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Markita P Landry
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Innovative Genomics Institute (IGI), Berkeley, CA 94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, QB3, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158
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39
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Trovato MC, Andronico D, Sciacchitano S, Ruggeri RM, Picerno I, Di Pietro A, Visalli G. Nanostructures: between natural environment and medical practice. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2018; 33:295-307. [PMID: 30205650 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2017-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are small structures under 100 nm in dimension. Interrelationships among the morphological parameters and toxicity of NPs have been the focus of several investigations that assessed potential health risk in environmentally-exposed subjects and the realistic uses of NPs in medical practice. In the current review, we provide a summary of the cellular mechanisms of membrane-mediated transport, including old and novel molecules that transport nanostructures across cellular membranes. The effects of geochemical exposure to natural NPs are evaluated through epidemiological data and cancerous pathways activated by Fe2+ NPs. Specifically, we discuss screening for papillary thyroid carcinomas in the inhabitants of the Sicilian volcanic area surrounding Mount Etna to compare the incidence of thyroid carcinoma in this population. Lastly, considering the increased production of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), we examine the toxicity and potential use of these engineered NPs in drug delivery of an extensive amount of therapeutic and imaging molecules (theranosis) that can be conjugated to CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Concetta Trovato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinico Universitario, Consolare Valeria 1, Messina, Italy
| | - Daniele Andronico
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Osservatorio Etneo, Sezione di Catania, Piazza Roma 2, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Sciacchitano
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale Regina Elena n. 324, Rome, Italy
- Laboratorio di Ricerca Biomedica, Fondazione Università Niccolò Cusano per la Ricerca Medico Scientifica, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosaria Maddalena Ruggeri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinico Universitario, Consolare Valeria 1, Messina, Italy
| | - Isa Picerno
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Policlinico Universitario, Consolare Valeria 1, Messina, Italy
| | - Angela Di Pietro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Policlinico Universitario, Consolare Valeria 1, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Visalli
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Policlinico Universitario, Consolare Valeria 1, Messina, Italy
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40
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Chen M, Zhou S, Zhu Y, Sun Y, Zeng G, Yang C, Xu P, Yan M, Liu Z, Zhang W. Toxicity of carbon nanomaterials to plants, animals and microbes: Recent progress from 2015-present. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 206:255-264. [PMID: 29753288 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has gained significant development over the past decades, which led to the revolution in the fields of information, medicine, industry, food security and aerospace aviation. Nanotechnology has become a new research hot spot in the world. However, we cannot only pay attention to its benefit to the society and economy, because its wide use has been bringing potential environmental and health effects that should be noticed. This paper reviews the recent progress from 2015-present in the toxicity of various carbon nanomaterials to plants, animals and microbes, and lays the foundation for further study on the environmental and ecological risks of carbon nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Shuang Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yi Zhu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, PR China
| | - Yingzhu Sun
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Chunping Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Piao Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Ming Yan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
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41
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Neelgund GM, Oki A. Advancement in Photothermal Effect of Carbon Nanotubes by Grafting of Poly(amidoamine) and Deposition of CdS Nanocrystallites. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018; 57:7826-7833. [PMID: 30956391 PMCID: PMC6450545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A robust, near-infrared (NIR) active photothermal agent, CNTs-PAMAM/G4-CdS, is designed by covalent grafting of fourth generation poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and successive deposition of cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanocrystallites. The systematic advancement in photothermal effect of CNTs was achieved by grafting of first, second, third, and fourth generation PAMAM through the repeated process of Michael's addition. The subsequent deposition of CdS nanocrystallites over fourth generation PAMAM grafted CNTs has further improved the photothermal effect (PTE) of CNTs. The photothermal effect of CNTs-PAMAM/G4-CdS was accessed by illuminating with 980 nm NIR laser. During measurement of PTE, maximum temperature attained by CNTs-PAMAM/G4-CdS was 64.1 °C which far exceeds the survival temperature of cancer cells. The photothermal conversion efficiency estimated for CNTs-PAMAM/G4-CdS was 32%, which is higher than the value reported for popular gold and copper based photothermal agents. Apart from its outstanding photothermal effect, CNTs-PAMAM/G4-CdS possessed excellence in both antiphoto-bleaching and antiphoto-corrosiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gururaj M. Neelgund
- Department of Chemistry, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, Texas 77446, United States
| | - Aderemi Oki
- Department of Chemistry, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, Texas 77446, United States
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42
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Sruthi S, Loiseau A, Boudon J, Sallem F, Maurizi L, Mohanan PV, Lizard G, Millot N. In vitro interaction and biocompatibility of titanate nanotubes with microglial cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 353:74-86. [PMID: 29908245 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Titanate nanotubes (TiONts) are promising agents for biomedical applications. Microglial activation and associated oxidative burst are major challenges in drug delivery applications across the brain. Here, TiONts were designed for drug delivery systems by functionalizing them with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES), their interactions and biocompatibility were studied in vitro using murine microglial BV-2 cells. TiONts-APTES exposure resulted in increased ROS production and transient mitochondrial hyperpolarization. However, there was no indication of microglial proliferation in BV-2 cells as suggested by cell cycle analysis and morphology evaluation. The endocytosis as well as passive diffusion mediated TiONts-APTES internalization were proved by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with and without amiloride, an endocytosis inhibiting agent. In addition, the TiONts-APTES exhibited good biocompatibility on microglial BV-2 cells as revealed by the plasma membrane integrity, lysosmal membrane integrity, morphology and viability analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sruthi
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 012, Kerala, India; Nanosciences Department, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303, CNRS/Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 av. A. Savary BP 47 870, 21 078 Dijon, France
| | - A Loiseau
- Nanosciences Department, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303, CNRS/Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 av. A. Savary BP 47 870, 21 078 Dijon, France
| | - J Boudon
- Nanosciences Department, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303, CNRS/Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 av. A. Savary BP 47 870, 21 078 Dijon, France
| | - F Sallem
- Nanosciences Department, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303, CNRS/Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 av. A. Savary BP 47 870, 21 078 Dijon, France
| | - L Maurizi
- Nanosciences Department, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303, CNRS/Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 av. A. Savary BP 47 870, 21 078 Dijon, France
| | - P V Mohanan
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 012, Kerala, India
| | - G Lizard
- Faculté des Sciences Gabriel, Laboratoire Bio-PeroxIL, EA7270, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté/Inserm, 6 Bd Gabriel, 21 000 Dijon, France.
| | - N Millot
- Nanosciences Department, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303, CNRS/Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 av. A. Savary BP 47 870, 21 078 Dijon, France.
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43
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Visalli G, Currò M, Iannazzo D, Pistone A, Pruiti Ciarello M, Acri G, Testagrossa B, Bertuccio MP, Squeri R, Di Pietro A. In vitro assessment of neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation of homemade MWCNTs. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 56:121-128. [PMID: 28910697 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) activate pathways involved in cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and inflammation. Inhaled MWCNTs are translocated to extra pulmonary organs and their hydrophobicity allows them to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Further exposure of central nervous system (CNS) occurs via olfactory neurons. Using differentiated SH-SY5Y, we studied the neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation of pristine and functionalised MWCNTs. ROS overproduction was dose- and time-dependent (P<0.01) and was related to mitochondrial impairment, DNA damage and decreased viability (P<0.05). Transcript levels of TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6 increased, as confirmed by an ELISA test. Raman spectra were acquired to assess MWCNT-cells interactions. The almost superimposable pro-oxidant activity of both CNTs could be imputable to excessive lengths with regard to the pristine MWCNTs and to the eroded surface, causing increased reactivity, with regard to functionalised MWCNTs. Considering the ease with which lightweight MWCNTs aerosolize and the increased production, the results underlined the potential onset of neurodegenerative diseases, due to unintentional MWCNT exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppa Visalli
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging". University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, I-98100, Messina, Italy.
| | - Monica Currò
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging". University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, I-98100, Messina, Italy.
| | | | | | - Marianna Pruiti Ciarello
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging". University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, I-98100, Messina, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Acri
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging". University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, I-98100, Messina, Italy.
| | - Barbara Testagrossa
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging". University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, I-98100, Messina, Italy.
| | - Maria Paola Bertuccio
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging". University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, I-98100, Messina, Italy.
| | - Raffaele Squeri
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging". University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, I-98100, Messina, Italy.
| | - Angela Di Pietro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging". University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, I-98100, Messina, Italy.
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44
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Soares JC, Pereira TCB, Costa KM, Maraschin T, Basso NR, Bogo MR. Developmental neurotoxic effects of graphene oxide exposure in zebrafish larvae (Danio rerio). Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 157:335-346. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.05.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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45
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Bussy C, Bianco A, Prato M, Kostarelos K. Primary microglia maintain their capacity to function despite internalisation and intracellular loading with carbon nanotubes. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2017; 2:284-296. [PMID: 32260684 DOI: 10.1039/c7nh00055c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Biomedical applications of functionalised carbon nanotubes (f-CNTs) for imaging as well as drug or gene delivery in the brain have recently gained interest. Several studies have demonstrated the potential of f-CNTs to offer treatment options for neurological conditions with success. However, there is also evidence that f-CNTs accumulate preferentially within microglial cells when introduced in the brain. Considering the key immunological role of these cells in the brain and the limited knowledge regarding the interaction of CNTs with microglial cells, it is imperative to understand whether accumulation of CNTs in microglial cells can alter their physiological functions or trigger pro-inflammatory signalling. The aim of the present study was to investigate the basic physiological functions of isolated primary microglial cells over time, following their exposure to multi-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized via different surface chemistries. We rationalized that some chemical strategies may be more deleterious for microglial cell functions than others. We used rat primary microglial cells that can be maintained in cell culture for a long period of time without undergoing cell division. Cell viability, phagocytosis, migration, and pro-inflammatory factor release were studied over one month, following a single exposure to a non-cytotoxic concentration of three different f-CNTs (carboxylated, aminated and both carboxylated and aminated). We show that f-CNTs do not induce inflammation and do not affect the basic functions of microglial cells under these conditions. Importantly, this was the case from day 1 to day 28 post-exposure, even though microglial cells had internalized f-CNTs in subcellular compartments and retained the nanotube load in their cytoplasm over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrill Bussy
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health & National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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46
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Mehrjouei E, Akbarzadeh H, Shamkhali AN, Abbaspour M, Salemi S, Abdi P. Delivery of Cisplatin Anti-Cancer Drug from Carbon, Boron Nitride, and Silicon Carbide Nanotubes Forced by Ag-Nanowire: A Comprehensive Molecular Dynamics Study. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:2273-2284. [PMID: 28595387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In this work, liberation of cisplatin molecules from interior of a nanotube due to entrance of an Ag-nanowire inside it was simulated by classical molecular dynamics method. The aim of this simulation was investigation on the effects of diameter, chirality, and composition of the nanotube, as well as the influence of temperature on this process. For this purpose, single walled carbon, boron nitride, and silicon carbide nanotube were considered. In order for a more concise comparison of the results, a new parameter namely efficiency of drug release, was introduced. The results demonstrated that the efficiency of drug release is sensitive to its adsorption on outer surface of the nanotube. Moreover, this efficiency is also sensitive to the nanotube composition and its diameter. For the effect of nanotube composition, the results indicated that silicon carbide nanotube has the least efficiency for drug release, due to its strong drug-nanotube. Also, the most important acting forces on drug delivery are van der Waals interactions. Finally, the kinetic of drug release is fast and is not related to the structural parameters of the nanotube and temperature, significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmat Mehrjouei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University , 96179-76487 Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Hamed Akbarzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University , 96179-76487 Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Amir Nasser Shamkhali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili , 56199-11367 Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mohsen Abbaspour
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University , 96179-76487 Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Sirous Salemi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University , 96179-76487 Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Pooya Abdi
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran , 14395-1561 Tehran, Iran
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47
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Eldridge BN, Xing F, Fahrenholtz CD, Singh RN. Evaluation of multiwalled carbon nanotube cytotoxicity in cultures of human brain microvascular endothelial cells grown on plastic or basement membrane. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 41:223-231. [PMID: 28285150 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the use of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to treat diseases of the brain. Little is known about the effects of MWCNTs on human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs), which make up the blood vessels in the brain. In our studies, we evaluate the cytotoxicity of MWCNTs and acid oxidized MWNCTs, with or without a phospholipid-polyethylene glycol coating. We determined the cytotoxic effects of MWCNTs on both tissue-mimicking cultures of HBMECs grown on basement membrane and on monolayer cultures of HBMECs grown on plastic. We also evaluated the effects of MWCNT exposure on the capacity of HBMECs to form rings after plating on basement membrane, a commonly used assay to evaluate angiogenesis. We show that tissue-mimicking cultures of HBMECs are less sensitive to all types of MWCNTs than monolayer cultures of HBMECs. Furthermore, we found that MWCNTs have little impact on the capacity of HBMECs to form rings. Our results indicate that relative cytotoxicity of MWCNTs is significantly affected by the type of cell culture model used for testing, and supports further research into the use of tissue-mimicking endothelial cell culture models to help bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany N Eldridge
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Cale D Fahrenholtz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Ravi N Singh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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48
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Serum-borne bioactivity caused by pulmonary multiwalled carbon nanotubes induces neuroinflammation via blood-brain barrier impairment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E1968-E1976. [PMID: 28223486 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1616070114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary exposure to multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) causes indirect systemic inflammation through unknown pathways. MWCNTs translocate only minimally from the lungs into the systemic circulation, suggesting that extrapulmonary toxicity may be caused indirectly by lung-derived factors entering the circulation. To assess a role for MWCNT-induced circulating factors in driving neuroinflammatory outcomes, mice were acutely exposed to MWCNTs (10 or 40 µg/mouse) via oropharyngeal aspiration. At 4 h after MWCNT exposure, broad disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was observed across the capillary bed with the small molecule fluorescein, concomitant with reactive astrocytosis. However, pronounced BBB permeation was noted, with frank albumin leakage around larger vessels (>10 µm), overlain by a dose-dependent astroglial scar-like formation and recruitment of phagocytic microglia. As affirmed by elevated inflammatory marker transcription, MWCNT-induced BBB disruption and neuroinflammation were abrogated by pretreatment with the rho kinase inhibitor fasudil. Serum from MWCNT-exposed mice induced expression of adhesion molecules in primary murine cerebrovascular endothelial cells and, in a wound-healing in vitro assay, impaired cell motility and cytokinesis. Serum thrombospondin-1 level was significantly increased after MWCNT exposure, and mice lacking the endogenous receptor CD36 were protected from the neuroinflammatory and BBB permeability effects of MWCNTs. In conclusion, acute pulmonary exposure to MWCNTs causes neuroinflammatory responses that are dependent on the disruption of BBB integrity.
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49
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Madhusudanan P, Reade S, Shankarappa SA. Neuroglia as targets for drug delivery systems: A review. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:667-679. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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50
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Defteralı Ç, Verdejo R, Majeed S, Boschetti-de-Fierro A, Méndez-Gómez HR, Díaz-Guerra E, Fierro D, Buhr K, Abetz C, Martínez-Murillo R, Vuluga D, Alexandre M, Thomassin JM, Detrembleur C, Jérôme C, Abetz V, López-Manchado MÁ, Vicario-Abejón C. In Vitro Evaluation of Biocompatibility of Uncoated Thermally Reduced Graphene and Carbon Nanotube-Loaded PVDF Membranes with Adult Neural Stem Cell-Derived Neurons and Glia. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2016; 4:94. [PMID: 27999773 PMCID: PMC5138223 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2016.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene, graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are being investigated as potential substrates for the growth of neural cells. However, in most in vitro studies, the cells were seeded on these materials coated with various proteins implying that the observed effects on the cells could not solely be attributed to the GBN and CNT properties. Here, we studied the biocompatibility of uncoated thermally reduced graphene (TRG) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes loaded with multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) using neural stem cells isolated from the adult mouse olfactory bulb (termed aOBSCs). When aOBSCs were induced to differentiate on coverslips treated with TRG or control materials (polyethyleneimine-PEI and polyornithine plus fibronectin-PLO/F) in a serum-free medium, neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes were generated in all conditions, indicating that TRG permits the multi-lineage differentiation of aOBSCs. However, the total number of cells was reduced on both PEI and TRG. In a serum-containing medium, aOBSC-derived neurons and oligodendrocytes grown on TRG were more numerous than in controls; the neurons developed synaptic boutons and oligodendrocytes were more branched. In contrast, neurons growing on PVDF membranes had reduced neurite branching, and on MWCNTs-loaded membranes oligodendrocytes were lower in numbers than in controls. Overall, these findings indicate that uncoated TRG may be biocompatible with the generation, differentiation, and maturation of aOBSC-derived neurons and glial cells, implying a potential use for TRG to study functional neuronal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çağla Defteralı
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IC-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Verdejo
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Shahid Majeed
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG), Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung GmbH, Institut für Polymerforschung, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Adriana Boschetti-de-Fierro
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG), Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung GmbH, Institut für Polymerforschung, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Héctor R. Méndez-Gómez
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IC-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Díaz-Guerra
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IC-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Fierro
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG), Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung GmbH, Institut für Polymerforschung, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Kristian Buhr
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG), Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung GmbH, Institut für Polymerforschung, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Clarissa Abetz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG), Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung GmbH, Institut für Polymerforschung, Geesthacht, Germany
| | | | - Daniela Vuluga
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Michaël Alexandre
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-Michel Thomassin
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christine Jérôme
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Volker Abetz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG), Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung GmbH, Institut für Polymerforschung, Geesthacht, Germany
| | | | - Carlos Vicario-Abejón
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IC-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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