1
|
Ossia Y, Levi A, Chefetz N, Peleg A, Remennik S, Vakahi A, Banin U. Seeing is believing: Correlating optoelectronic functionality with atomic scale imaging of single semiconductor nanocrystals. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:134201. [PMID: 38573848 DOI: 10.1063/5.0198140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
A unique on-chip method for the direct correlation of optical properties, with atomic-scale chemical-structural characteristics for a single quantum dot (QD), is developed and utilized in various examples. This is based on performing single QD optical characterization on a modified glass substrate, followed by the extraction of the relevant region of interest by focused-ion-beam-scanning electron microscope processing into a lamella for high resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) characterization with atomic scale resolution. The direct correlation of the optical response under an electric field with STEM analysis of the same particle allows addressing several single particle phenomena: first, the direct correlation of single QD photoluminescence (PL) polarization and its response to the external field with the QD crystal lattice alignment, so far inferred indirectly; second, the identification of unique yet rare few-QD assemblies, correlated directly with their special spectroscopic optical characteristics, serving as a guide for future designed assemblies; and third, the study on the effect of metal island growth on the PL behavior of hybrid semiconductor-metal nanoparticles, with relevance for their possible functionality in photocatalysis. This work, therefore, establishes the use of the direct on-chip optical-structural correlation method for numerous scenarios and timely questions in the field of QD research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonatan Ossia
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Adar Levi
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Nadav Chefetz
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Amir Peleg
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Sergei Remennik
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Atzmon Vakahi
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Uri Banin
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ripberger HH, Schnitzenbaumer KJ, Nguyen LK, Ladd DM, Levine KR, Dayton DG, Toney MF, Cossairt BM. Navigating the Potential Energy Surface of CdSe Magic-Sized Clusters: Synthesis and Interconversion of Atomically Precise Nanocrystal Polymorphs. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:27480-27492. [PMID: 38061033 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Magic-sized clusters (MSCs) are kinetically stable, atomically precise intermediates along the quantum dot (QD) reaction potential energy surface. Literature precedent establishes two classes of cadmium selenide MSCs with QD-like inorganic cores: one class is proposed to be cation-rich with a zincblende crystal structure, while the other is proposed to be stoichiometric with a "wurtzite-like" core. However, the wide range of synthetic protocols used to access MSCs has made direct comparisons of their structure and surface chemistry difficult. Furthermore, the physical and chemical relationships between MSC polymorphs are yet to be established. Here, we demonstrate that both cation-rich and stoichiometric CdSe MSCs can be synthesized from identical reagents and can be interconverted through the addition of either excess cadmium or selenium precursor. The structural and compositional differences between these two polymorphs are contrasted using a combination of 1H NMR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), pair distribution function (PDF) analysis, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, and UV-vis transient absorption spectroscopy. The subsequent polymorph interconversion reactions are monitored by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, with evidence for an altered cluster atomic structure observed by powder XRD and PDF analysis. This work helps to simplify the complex picture of the CdSe nanocrystal landscape and provides a method to explore structure-property relationships in colloidal semiconductors through atomically precise synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hunter H Ripberger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Kyle J Schnitzenbaumer
- Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Transylvania University, Lexington, Kentucky 40508-1797, United States
| | - Lily K Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Dylan M Ladd
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Kelsey R Levine
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Damara G Dayton
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Michael F Toney
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Brandi M Cossairt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Musavinezhad M, Shkarin A, Rattenbacher D, Renger J, Utikal T, Götzinger S, Sandoghdar V. Quantum Efficiency of Single Dibenzoterrylene Molecules in p-Dichlorobenzene at Cryogenic Temperatures. J Phys Chem B 2023. [PMID: 37267598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c01755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We measure the quantum efficiency (QE) of individual dibenzoterrylene (DBT) molecules embedded in p-dichlorobenzene at cryogenic temperatures. To achieve this, we combine two distinct methods based on the maximal photon emission and on the power required to saturate the zero-phonon line to compensate for uncertainties in some key system parameters. We find that the outcomes of the two approaches are in good agreement for reasonable values of the parameters involved, reporting a large fraction of molecules with QE values above 50%, with some exceeding 70%. Furthermore, we observe no correlation between the observed lower bound on the QE and the lifetime of the molecule, suggesting that most of the molecules have a QE exceeding the established lower bound. This confirms the suitability of DBT for quantum optics experiments. In light of previous reports of low QE values at ambient conditions, our results hint at the possibility of a strong temperature dependence of the QE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Musavinezhad
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexey Shkarin
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Jan Renger
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Utikal
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephan Götzinger
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vahid Sandoghdar
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dunlap MK, Ryan DP, Goodwin PM, Sheehan CJ, Werner JH, Majumder S, Hollingsworth JA, Gelfand MP, Van Orden A. Nanoscale imaging of quantum dot dimers using time-resolved super-resolution microscopy combined with scanning electron microscopy. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:275202. [PMID: 37011598 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acc9c9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved super-resolution microscopy was used in conjunction with scanning electron microscopy to image individual colloidal CdSe/CdS semiconductor quantum dots (QD) and QD dimers. The photoluminescence (PL) lifetimes, intensities, and structural parameters were acquired with nanometer scale spatial resolution and sub-nanosecond time resolution. The combination of these two techniques was more powerful than either alone, enabling us to resolve the PL properties of individual QDs within QD dimers as they blinked on and off, measure interparticle distances, and identify QDs that may be participating in energy transfer. The localization precision of our optical imaging technique was ∼3 nm, low enough that the emission from individual QDs within the dimers could be spatially resolved. While the majority of QDs within dimers acted as independent emitters, at least one pair of QDs in our study exhibited lifetime and intensity behaviors consistent with resonance energy transfer from a shorter lifetime and lower intensity donor QD to a longer lifetime and higher intensity acceptor QD. For this case, we demonstrate how the combined super-resolution optical imaging and scanning electron microscopy data can be used to characterize the energy transfer rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan K Dunlap
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States of America
| | - Duncan P Ryan
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States of America
| | - Peter M Goodwin
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States of America
| | - Chris J Sheehan
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States of America
| | - James H Werner
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States of America
| | - Somak Majumder
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States of America
| | - Jennifer A Hollingsworth
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States of America
| | - Martin P Gelfand
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1872, United States of America
| | - Alan Van Orden
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ghosh S, Ross U, Chizhik AM, Kuo Y, Jeong BG, Bae WK, Park K, Li J, Oron D, Weiss S, Enderlein J, Chizhik AI. Excitation Intensity-Dependent Quantum Yield of Semiconductor Nanocrystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:2702-2707. [PMID: 36892266 PMCID: PMC10026174 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
One of the key phenomena that determine the fluorescence of nanocrystals is the nonradiative Auger-Meitner recombination of excitons. This nonradiative rate affects the nanocrystals' fluorescence intensity, excited state lifetime, and quantum yield. Whereas most of the above properties can be directly measured, the quantum yield is the most difficult to assess. Here we place semiconductor nanocrystals inside a tunable plasmonic nanocavity with subwavelength spacing and modulate their radiative de-excitation rate by changing the cavity size. This allows us to determine absolute values of their fluorescence quantum yield under specific excitation conditions. Moreover, as expected considering the enhanced Auger-Meitner rate for higher multiple excited states, increasing the excitation rate reduces the quantum yield of the nanocrystals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhabrata Ghosh
- Third Institute
of Physics − Biophysics, Georg August
University Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Ross
- IV. Physical
Institute - Solids and Nanostructures, Georg
August University Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna M. Chizhik
- Third Institute
of Physics − Biophysics, Georg August
University Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yung Kuo
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Byeong Guk Jeong
- School of
Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan
National University, Busan 46241, Republic
of Korea
| | - Wan Ki Bae
- SKKU Advanced
Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan
University, Suwon 16419, Republic
of Korea
| | - Kyoungwon Park
- Korea Electronics
Technology Institute, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13509, Republic of Korea
| | - Jack Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Dan Oron
- Department
of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Shimon Weiss
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Physiology, University of California
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Physics, Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel
| | - Jörg Enderlein
- Third Institute
of Physics − Biophysics, Georg August
University Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster
of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines
to Networks of Excitable Cells,” (MBExC), Georg August University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexey I. Chizhik
- Third Institute
of Physics − Biophysics, Georg August
University Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nguyen HA, Sharp D, Fröch JE, Cai YY, Wu S, Monahan M, Munley C, Manna A, Majumdar A, Kagan CR, Cossairt BM. Deterministic Quantum Light Arrays from Giant Silica-Shelled Quantum Dots. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:4294-4302. [PMID: 36507852 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are promising candidates for single-photon sources with applications in photonic quantum information technologies. Developing practical photonic quantum devices with colloidal materials, however, requires scalable deterministic placement of stable single QD emitters. In this work, we describe a method to exploit QD size to facilitate deterministic positioning of single QDs into large arrays while maintaining their photostability and single-photon emission properties. CdSe/CdS core/shell QDs were encapsulated in silica to both increase their physical size without perturbing their quantum-confined emission and enhance their photostability. These giant QDs were then precisely positioned into ordered arrays using template-assisted self-assembly with a 75% yield for single QDs. We show that the QDs before and after assembly exhibit antibunching behavior at room temperature and their optical properties are retained after an extended period of time. Together, this bottom-up synthetic approach via silica shelling and the robust template-assisted self-assembly offer a unique strategy to produce scalable quantum photonics platforms using colloidal QDs as single-photon emitters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao A Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98189, United States
| | - David Sharp
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98185, United States
| | - Johannes E Fröch
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98185, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Yi-Yu Cai
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Shenwei Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98189, United States
| | - Madison Monahan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98189, United States
| | - Christopher Munley
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98185, United States
| | - Arnab Manna
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98185, United States
| | - Arka Majumdar
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98185, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Cherie R Kagan
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Brandi M Cossairt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98189, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu HW, Becker MA, Matsuzaki K, Kumar R, Götzinger S, Sandoghdar V. Robust Tipless Positioning Device for Near-Field Investigations: Press and Roll Scan (PROscan). ACS NANO 2022; 16:12831-12839. [PMID: 35920717 PMCID: PMC9413428 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Scanning probe microscopes scan and manipulate a sharp tip in the immediate vicinity of a sample surface. The limited bandwidth of the feedback mechanism used for stabilizing the separation between the tip and the sample makes the fragile nanoscopic tip very susceptible to mechanical instabilities. We propose, demonstrate, and characterize an alternative device based on bulging a thin substrate against a second substrate and rolling them with respect to each other. We showcase the power of this method by placing gold nanoparticles and semiconductor quantum dots on the two opposite substrates and positioning them with nanometer precision to enhance the fluorescence intensity and emission rate. Furthermore, we exhibit the passive mechanical stability of the system over more than 1 h. Our design concept finds applications in a variety of other scientific and technological contexts, where nanoscopic features have to be positioned and kept near contact with each other.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Wei Liu
- Max
Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department
of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael A. Becker
- Max
Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Korenobu Matsuzaki
- Max
Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Randhir Kumar
- Max
Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephan Götzinger
- Max
Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department
of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Graduate
School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg,, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vahid Sandoghdar
- Max
Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department
of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fort MJ, Click SM, Robinson EH, He FMC, Bernhardt PV, Rosenthal SJ, Macdonald JE. Minimizing the Reorganization Energy of Cobalt Redox Mediators Maximizes Charge Transfer Rates from Quantum Dots. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202322. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine J. Fort
- Department of Chemistry Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 USA
| | - Sophia M. Click
- Department of Chemistry Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 USA
| | - Evan H. Robinson
- Department of Chemistry Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 USA
| | - Felix M. C. He
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Paul V. Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Sandra J. Rosenthal
- Department of Chemistry Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 USA
| | - Janet E. Macdonald
- Department of Chemistry Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fort MJ, Click SM, Robinson EH, He FMC, Bernhardt PV, Rosenthal SJ, Macdonald JE. Minimizing the Reorganization Energy of Cobalt Redox Mediators Maximizes Charge Transfer Rates from Quantum Dots. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine J. Fort
- Department of Chemistry Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 USA
| | - Sophia M. Click
- Department of Chemistry Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 USA
| | - Evan H. Robinson
- Department of Chemistry Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 USA
| | - Felix M. C. He
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Paul V. Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Sandra J. Rosenthal
- Department of Chemistry Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 USA
| | - Janet E. Macdonald
- Department of Chemistry Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xie M, Tao CL, Zhang Z, Liu H, Wan S, Nie Y, Yang W, Wang X, Wu XJ, Tian Y. Nonblinking Colloidal Quantum Dots via Efficient Multiexciton Emission. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:2371-2378. [PMID: 35254074 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nonblinking colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are significant to their applications as single-photon sources or light-emitting materials. Herein, a simple heat-up method was developed to synthesize high-qualityWZ-CdSe/CdS core-shell colloidal QDs, which achieved a near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). It was found that the blinking behavior of such QDs was completely suppressed at high excitation intensities, and ultra-stable PL emission was observed. For this reason, a systematic investigation was conducted, revealing that the complete blinking suppression was attributed mainly to the efficient multiexciton emission at high excitation intensities. Such high-quality QDs with nonblinking behaviors and nearly ideal PL properties at high excitation intensities have massive potential applications in various robust conditions, including QD display screens, single-particle tracks, and single-photon sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingcai Xie
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chen-Lei Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hanyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Sushu Wan
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yan Nie
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weiqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xue-Jun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuxi Tian
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhao T, Beckwith JS, Amin MJ, Pálmai M, Snee PT, Tien M, Yang H. Leveraging lifetime information to perform real-time 3D single-particle tracking in noisy environments. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:164201. [PMID: 34717352 DOI: 10.1063/5.0063634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A microscopy platform that leverages the arrival time of individual photons to enable 3D single-particle tracking of fast-moving (translational diffusion coefficient of ≃3.3 µm2/s) particles in high-background environments is reported here. It combines a hardware-based time-gating module, which enables the rate of photon processing to be as high as 100 MHz, with a two-photon-excited 3D single-particle tracking confocal microscope to enable high sample penetration depth. Proof-of-principle experiments where single quantum dots are tracked in solutions containing dye-stained cellulose, are shown with tracking performance markedly improved using the hardware-based time-gating module. Such a microscope design is anticipated to be of use to a variety of communities who wish to track single particles in cellular environments, which commonly have high fluorescence and scattering background.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Joseph S Beckwith
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - M Junaid Amin
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Marcell Pálmai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, USA
| | - Preston T Snee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, USA
| | - Ming Tien
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Haw Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shu T, Hu L, Shen Q, Jiang L, Zhang Q, Serpe MJ. Stimuli-responsive polymer-based systems for diagnostic applications. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:7042-7061. [PMID: 32743631 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00570c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive polymers exhibit properties that make them ideal candidates for biosensing and molecular diagnostics. Through rational design of polymer composition combined with new polymer functionalization and synthetic strategies, polymers with myriad responsivities, e.g., responses to temperature, pH, biomolecules, CO2, light, and electricity can be achieved. When these polymers are specifically designed to respond to biomarkers, stimuli-responsive devices/probes, capable of recognizing and transducing analyte signals, can be used to diagnose and treat disease. In this review, we highlight recent state-of-the-art examples of stimuli-responsive polymer-based systems for biosensing and bioimaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Shu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Liang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qiming Shen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada.
| | - Li Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Michael J Serpe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Al-Abri R, Choi H, Parkinson P. Measuring, controlling and exploiting heterogeneity in optoelectronic nanowires. JPHYS PHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1088/2515-7647/abe282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Fabricated from ZnO, III-N, chalcogenide-based, III-V, hybrid perovskite or other materials, semiconductor nanowires offer single-element and array functionality as photovoltaic, non-linear, electroluminescent and lasing components. In many applications their advantageous properties emerge from their geometry; a high surface-to-volume ratio for facile access to carriers, wavelength-scale dimensions for waveguiding or a small nanowire-substrate footprint enabling heterogeneous growth. However, inhomogeneity during bottom-up growth is ubiquitous and can impact morphology, geometry, crystal structure, defect density, heterostructure dimensions and ultimately functional performance. In this topical review, we discuss the origin and impact of heterogeneity within and between optoelectronic nanowires, and introduce methods to assess, optimise and ultimately exploit wire-to-wire disorder.
Collapse
|
14
|
Krishnamurthy S, Singh A, Hu Z, Blake AV, Kim Y, Singh A, Dolgopolova EA, Williams DJ, Piryatinski A, Malko AV, Htoon H, Sykora M, Hollingsworth JA. PbS/CdS Quantum Dot Room-Temperature Single-Emitter Spectroscopy Reaches the Telecom O and S Bands via an Engineered Stability. ACS NANO 2021; 15:575-587. [PMID: 33381968 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized PbS/CdS core/shell quantum dots (QDs) to have functional single-emitter properties for room-temperature, solid-state operation in the telecom O and S bands. Two shell-growth methods-cation exchange and successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR)-were employed to prepare QD heterostructures with shells of 2-16 monolayers. PbS/CdS QDs were sufficiently bright and stable to resolve photoluminescence (PL) spectra representing both bands from single nanocrystals using standard detection methods, and for a QD emitting in the O-band a second-order correlation function showed strong photon antibunching, important steps toward demonstrating the utility of lead chalcogenide QDs as single-photon emitters (SPEs). Irrespective of type, few telecom-SPEs exist that are capable of such room-temperature operation. Access to single-QD spectra enabled a direct assessment of spectral line width, which was ∼70-90 meV compared to much broader ensemble spectra (∼300 meV). We show inhomogeneous broadening results from dispersity in PbS core sizes that increases dramatically with extended cation exchange. Quantum yields (QYs) are negatively impacted at thick shells (>6 monolayers) and, especially, by SILAR-growth conditions. Time-resolved PL measurements revealed that, with SILAR, initially single-exponential PL-decays transition to biexponential, with opening of nonradiative carrier-recombination channels. Radiative decay times are, overall, longer for core/shell QDs compared to PbS cores, which we demonstrate can be partially attributed to some core/shell sizes occupying a quasi-type II electron-hole localization regime. Finally, we demonstrate that shell engineering and the use of lower laser-excitation powers can afford significantly suppressed blinking and photobleaching. However, dependence on shell thickness comes at a cost of less-than-optimal brightness, with implications for both materials and experimental design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sachidananda Krishnamurthy
- Materials Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos 87545, New Mexico, United States
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson 75080, Texas, United States
| | - Ajay Singh
- Materials Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos 87545, New Mexico, United States
| | - Zhongjian Hu
- Materials Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos 87545, New Mexico, United States
| | - Anastasia V Blake
- Materials Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos 87545, New Mexico, United States
| | - Younghee Kim
- Materials Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos 87545, New Mexico, United States
| | - Amita Singh
- Materials Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos 87545, New Mexico, United States
| | - Ekaterina A Dolgopolova
- Materials Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos 87545, New Mexico, United States
| | - Darrick J Williams
- Materials Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos 87545, New Mexico, United States
| | - Andrei Piryatinski
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos 87545, New Mexico, United States
| | - Anton V Malko
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson 75080, Texas, United States
| | - Han Htoon
- Materials Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos 87545, New Mexico, United States
| | - Milan Sykora
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos 87545, New Mexico, United States
- Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Comenius University, Bratislava 84104, Slovakia
| | - Jennifer A Hollingsworth
- Materials Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos 87545, New Mexico, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Stachurski CD, Click SM, Wolfe KD, Dervishogullari D, Rosenthal SJ, Jennings GK, Cliffel DE. Optical and electrochemical tuning of hydrothermally synthesized nitrogen-doped carbon dots. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:3375-3383. [PMID: 36134252 PMCID: PMC9417309 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00264j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are a rapidly progressing class of nanomaterial which show promise towards applications in solar energy conversion due to their low toxicity, favorable electrochemical properties, and tunability. In recent years there have been a number of reported CD syntheses, both top-down and bottom-up methods, producing a diverse range of CDs with intrinsic properties dependent on the starting materials and utilized dopants. This work presents a citrate buffer-facilitated synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon dots (NCD) and explores the impact of urea concentration on observed electrochemical and optical properties. Optical absorbance and quantum yield of NCDs were found to increase with the dopant concentrations present in the hydrothermal reaction mixture. Electrochemical analysis demonstrates that increased nitrogen content results in the shifting of carbon dot oxidation potentials without the need of post-synthesis surface modifications. Over the range of molar ratios of dopant-to-citrate tested, the oxidation potentials of NCDs shifted up to 150 mV towards more negative potentials. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms the addition of pyrrolic and pyridinic nitrogen at different levels in different batches of NCDs, which are likely the source of the observed changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sophia M Click
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235-1822 USA
| | - Kody D Wolfe
- Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee 37235-1822 USA
| | | | - Sandra J Rosenthal
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235-1822 USA
- Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee 37235-1822 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235-1604 USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235-0106 USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37240-7933 USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235-1807 USA
| | - G Kane Jennings
- Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee 37235-1822 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235-1604 USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235-0106 USA
| | - David E Cliffel
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235-1822 USA
- Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee 37235-1822 USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235-0106 USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Orfield NJ, Majumder S, Hu Z, Koh FYC, Htoon H, Hollingsworth JA. Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Killing a Quantum Dot. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:30695-30701. [PMID: 32525301 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Light-emitting nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs) are of high interest for use as down-conversion phosphors and direct emission sources in bulk solid-state devices and as reliable sources of single photons in quantum information science. However, these materials are prone to photooxidation that reduces the emission quantum yield over time. Current commercial applications use device architectures to prevent oxidation without addressing the underlying degradation reactions at the nanocrystal level. To instead prevent loss of functionality by better synthetic engineering of the nanoscale emitters themselves, the underlying properties of these reactions must be understood and readily accessible. Here, we use solid-state spectroscopy to obtain kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of photothermal degradation in single QDs by systematically varying the ambient temperature and photon pump fluence. We describe the resulting degradation in emission with a modified form of the Arrhenius equation and show that this reaction proceeds via pseudo-zero-order reaction kinetics by a surface-assisted process with an activation energy of 60 kJ/mol. We note that the rate of degradation is ∼12 orders of magnitude slower than the rate of excitonic processes, indicating that the reaction rate is not determined by electron or hole trapping. In the search for new robust light-emitting nanocrystals, the reported analysis method will enable direct comparisons between differently engineered nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noah J Orfield
- Materials Physics & Applications Division, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Somak Majumder
- Materials Physics & Applications Division, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Zhongjian Hu
- Materials Physics & Applications Division, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Faith Yik-Ching Koh
- Materials Physics & Applications Division, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Han Htoon
- Materials Physics & Applications Division, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Jennifer A Hollingsworth
- Materials Physics & Applications Division, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
McBride JR, Mishra N, Click SM, Orfield NJ, Wang F, Acharya K, Chisholm MF, Htoon H, Rosenthal SJ, Hollingsworth JA. Role of shell composition and morphology in achieving single-emitter photostability for green-emitting "giant" quantum dots. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:124713. [PMID: 32241141 DOI: 10.1063/5.0002772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of the varied chemical reactivity of precursors to drive the production of a desired nanocrystal architecture has become a common method to grow thick-shell graded alloy quantum dots (QDs) with robust optical properties. Conclusions on their behavior assume the ideal chemical gradation and uniform particle composition. Here, advanced analytical electron microscopy (high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy) is used to confirm the nature and extent of compositional gradation and these data are compared with performance behavior obtained from single-nanocrystal spectroscopy to elucidate structure, chemical-composition, and optical-property correlations. Specifically, the evolution of the chemical structure and single-nanocrystal luminescence was determined for a time-series of graded-alloy "CdZnSSe/ZnS" core/shell QDs prepared in a single-pot reaction. In a separate step, thick (∼6 monolayers) to giant (>14 monolayers) shells of ZnS were added to the alloyed QDs via a successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) process, and the impact of this shell on the optical performance was also assessed. By determining the degree of alloying for each component element on a per-particle basis, we observe that the actual product from the single-pot reaction is less "graded" in Cd and more so in Se than anticipated, with Se extending throughout the structure. The latter suggests much slower Se reaction kinetics than expected or an ability of Se to diffuse away from the initially nucleated core. It was also found that the subsequent growth of thick phase-pure ZnS shells by the SILAR method was required to significantly reduce blinking and photobleaching. However, correlated single-nanocrystal optical characterization and electron microscopy further revealed that these beneficial properties are only achieved if the thick ZnS shell is complete and without large lattice discontinuities. In this way, we identify the necessary structural design features that are required for ideal light emission properties in these green-visible emitting QDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James R McBride
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - Nimai Mishra
- Materials Physics and Applications Division, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Sophia M Click
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - Noah J Orfield
- Materials Physics and Applications Division, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Feng Wang
- Materials Physics and Applications Division, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Krishna Acharya
- Materials Physics and Applications Division, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Matthew F Chisholm
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - Han Htoon
- Materials Physics and Applications Division, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Sandra J Rosenthal
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - Jennifer A Hollingsworth
- Materials Physics and Applications Division, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Single-particle spectroscopy for functional nanomaterials. Nature 2020; 579:41-50. [PMID: 32132689 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2048-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tremendous progress in nanotechnology has enabled advances in the use of luminescent nanomaterials in imaging, sensing and photonic devices. This translational process relies on controlling the photophysical properties of the building block, that is, single luminescent nanoparticles. In this Review, we highlight the importance of single-particle spectroscopy in revealing the diverse optical properties and functionalities of nanomaterials, and compare it with ensemble fluorescence spectroscopy. The information provided by this technique has guided materials science in tailoring the synthesis of nanomaterials to achieve optical uniformity and to develop novel applications. We discuss the opportunities and challenges that arise from pushing the resolution limit, integrating measurement and manipulation modalities, and establishing the relationship between the structure and functionality of single nanoparticles.
Collapse
|
19
|
Thal LB, Mann VR, Sprinzen D, McBride JR, Reid KR, Tomlinson ID, McMahon DG, Cohen BE, Rosenthal SJ. Ligand-conjugated quantum dots for fast sub-diffraction protein tracking in acute brain slices. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:837-845. [PMID: 31790090 PMCID: PMC7002256 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01629e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have demonstrated utility in long-term single particle tracking of membrane proteins in live cells in culture. To extend the superior optical properties of QDs to more physiologically relevant cell platforms, such as acute brain slices, we examine the photophysics of compact ligand-conjugated CdSe/CdS QDs using both ensemble and single particle analysis in brain tissue media. We find that symmetric core passivation is critical for both photostability in oxygenated media and for prolonged single particle imaging in brain slices. We then demonstrate the utility of these QDs by imaging single dopamine transporters in acute brain slices, achieving 20 nm localization precision at 10 Hz frame rates. These findings detail design requirements needed for new QD probes in complex living environments, and open the door to physiologically relevant studies that capture the utility of QD probes in acute brain slices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas B Thal
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hou X, Li Y, Qin H, Peng X. Effects of interface-potential smoothness and wavefunction delocalization on Auger recombination in colloidal CdSe-based core/shell quantum dots. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:234703. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5125940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Hou
- Center for Chemistry of Novel and High-Performance Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Center for Chemistry of Novel and High-Performance Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Qin
- Center for Chemistry of Novel and High-Performance Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaogang Peng
- Center for Chemistry of Novel and High-Performance Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
McBride JR, Rosenthal SJ. Real colloidal quantum dot structures revealed by high resolution analytical electron microscopy. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:160903. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5128366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James R. McBride
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - Sandra J. Rosenthal
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
- Department of Interdisciplinary Materials Science, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hou X, Kang J, Qin H, Chen X, Ma J, Zhou J, Chen L, Wang L, Wang LW, Peng X. Engineering Auger recombination in colloidal quantum dots via dielectric screening. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1750. [PMID: 30988287 PMCID: PMC6465357 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09737-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Auger recombination is the main non-radiative decay pathway for multi-carrier states of colloidal quantum dots, which affects performance of most of their optical and optoelectronic applications. Outstanding single-exciton properties of CdSe/CdS core/shell quantum dots enable us to simultaneously study the two basic types of Auger recombination channels-negative trion and positive trion channels. Though Auger rates of positive trion are regarded to be much faster than that of negative trion for II-VI quantum dots in literature, our experiments find the two rates can be inverted for certain core/shell geometries. This is confirmed by theoretical calculations as a result of geometry-dependent dielectric screening. By varying the core/shell geometry, both types of Auger rates can be independently tuned for ~ 1 order of magnitude. Experimental and theoretical findings shed new light on designing quantum dots with necessary Auger recombination characteristics for high-power light-emitting-diodes, lasers, single-molecular tracking, super-resolution microscope, and advanced quantum light sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Hou
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Kang
- Material Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Haiyan Qin
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuewen Chen
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Junliang Ma
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhai Zhou
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Chen
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Linjun Wang
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Wang Wang
- Material Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - Xiaogang Peng
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Reid KR, McBride JR, La Croix AD, Freymeyer NJ, Click SM, Macdonald JE, Rosenthal SJ. Role of Surface Morphology on Exciton Recombination in Single Quantum Dot-in-Rods Revealed by Optical and Atomic Structure Correlation. ACS NANO 2018; 12:11434-11445. [PMID: 30403844 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The physical structure of colloidal quantum dot (QD) nanostructures strongly influences their optical and electronic behavior. A fundamental understanding of this interplay between structure and function is crucial to fully tailor the performance of QDs and their assemblies. Here, by directly correlating the atomic and chemical structure of single CdSe-CdS quantum dot-in-rods with time-resolved fluorescence measurements on the same structures, we identify morphological irregularities at their surfaces that moderate photoluminescence efficiencies. We find that two nonradiative exciton recombination mechanisms are triggered by these imperfections: charging and trap-assisted nonradiative processes. Furthermore, we show that the proximity of the surface defects to the CdSe core of the core-shell structures influences whether the charging or trap-assisted nonradiative channel dominates exciton recombination. Our results extend to other QD nanostructures and emphasize surface roughness as a crucial parameter when designing colloidal QDs with specific excitonic fates.
Collapse
|
24
|
Kovtun O, Tomlinson ID, Bailey DM, Thal LB, Ross EJ, Harris L, Frankland MP, Ferguson RS, Glaser Z, Greer J, Rosenthal SJ. Single Quantum Dot Tracking Illuminates Neuroscience at the Nanoscale. Chem Phys Lett 2018; 706:741-752. [PMID: 30270931 PMCID: PMC6157616 DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The use of nanometer-sized semiconductor crystals, known as quantum dots, allows us to directly observe individual biomolecular transactions through a fluorescence microscope. Here, we review the evolution of single quantum dot tracking over the past two decades, highlight key biophysical discoveries facilitated by quantum dots, briefly discuss biochemical and optical implementation strategies for a single quantum dot tracking experiment, and report recent accomplishments of our group at the interface of molecular neuroscience and nanoscience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Kovtun
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University
- Departments of Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering
| | - Ian D. Tomlinson
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University
- Departments of Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering
| | - Danielle M. Bailey
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University
- Departments of Pharmacology, Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University
- Departments of Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering
| | - Lucas B. Thal
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University
- Departments of Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering
- Departments of Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Emily J. Ross
- Departments of Hudson Alpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL
| | - Lauren Harris
- Departments of Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | | | | | - Zachary Glaser
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University
| | - Jonathan Greer
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University
| | - Sandra J. Rosenthal
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University
- Departments of Pharmacology, Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University
- Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University
- Departments of Physics and Astronomy, Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University
- Departments of Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering
- Departments of Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Stromer BS, Roy S, Limbacher MR, Narzary B, Bordoloi M, Waldman J, Kumar CV. Multicolored Protein Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Cell Uptake. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:2576-2585. [PMID: 29932667 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis, characterization, and applications of strongly fluorescent, multicolored protein nanoparticles (GlowDots) are reported here. Bovine serum albumin was cross-linked under controlled conditions to form nanoparticles, where particle size was controlled from 20 to 100 ± 10 nm by choosing appropriate reaction conditions. The absorption as well as the emission wavelengths were controlled without changing the particle size, unlike quantum dots. Each GlowDot was loaded with up to 214 ± 50 chromophores, and hence, the particles have high molar absorptivities (106 M-1 cm-1) as well as high brightness (105 to 106 M-1 cm-1). A large number of functional groups cover the particle surface and these are further functionalized to enhance cellular uptake. GlowDots that were labeled with fluorescein and functionalized with taurine, for example, were quickly taken up by HeLa, MDA-MB-231, PC3, and L6 myoblast cells, as interrogated by fluorescence imaging studies. GlowDots were biocompatible, size tunable, biodegradable, strongly fluorescent, and stable for months at room temperature, and they may serve as substitutes for quantum dots in a variety of practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bobbi S Stromer
- Department of Chemistry , University of Connecticut , 55 North Eagleville Road , Storrs , Connecticut 06269-3060 , United States
| | - Sonali Roy
- Natural Product Chemistry Group, Chemical Sciences & Technology Division , CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology , Jorhat , Assam 785006 , India
| | - Melissa R Limbacher
- Department of Chemistry , University of Connecticut , 55 North Eagleville Road , Storrs , Connecticut 06269-3060 , United States
| | - Bardwi Narzary
- Natural Product Chemistry Group, Chemical Sciences & Technology Division , CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology , Jorhat , Assam 785006 , India
| | - Manobjyoti Bordoloi
- Natural Product Chemistry Group, Chemical Sciences & Technology Division , CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology , Jorhat , Assam 785006 , India
| | - Julia Waldman
- Department of Chemistry , University of Connecticut , 55 North Eagleville Road , Storrs , Connecticut 06269-3060 , United States
| | - Challa Vijaya Kumar
- Department of Chemistry , University of Connecticut , 55 North Eagleville Road , Storrs , Connecticut 06269-3060 , United States.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology , University of Connecticut , 91 North Eagleville Road , U-3125, Storrs , Connecticut 06269-3125 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Orfield NJ, Majumder S, McBride JR, Yik-Ching Koh F, Singh A, Bouquin SJ, Casson JL, Johnson AD, Sun L, Li X, Shih CK, Rosenthal SJ, Hollingsworth JA, Htoon H. Photophysics of Thermally-Assisted Photobleaching in "Giant" Quantum Dots Revealed in Single Nanocrystals. ACS NANO 2018; 12:4206-4217. [PMID: 29709173 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b07450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are steadily being implemented as down-conversion phosphors in market-ready display products to enhance color rendering, brightness, and energy efficiency. However, for adequate longevity, QDs must be encased in a protective barrier that separates them from ambient oxygen and humidity, and device architectures are designed to avoid significant heating of the QDs as well as direct contact between the QDs and the excitation source. In order to increase the utility of QDs in display technologies and to extend their usefulness to more demanding applications as, for example, alternative phosphors for solid-state lighting (SSL), QDs must retain their photoluminescence emission properties over extended periods of time under conditions of high temperature and high light flux. Doing so would simplify the fabrication costs for QD display technologies and enable QDs to be used as down-conversion materials in light-emitting diodes for SSL, where direct-on-chip configurations expose the emitters to temperatures approaching 100 °C and to photon fluxes from 0.1 W/mm2 to potentially 10 W/mm2. Here, we investigate the photobleaching processes of single QDs exposed to controlled temperature and photon flux. In particular, we investigate two types of room-temperature-stable core/thick-shell QDs, known as "giant" QDs for which shell growth is conducted using either a standard layer-by-layer technique or by a continuous injection method. We determine the mechanistic pathways responsible for thermally-assisted photodegradation, distinguishing effects of hot-carrier trapping and QD charging. The findings presented here will assist in the further development of advanced QD heterostructures for maximum device lifetime stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noah J Orfield
- Materials Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Somak Majumder
- Materials Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - James R McBride
- Department of Chemistry , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee 37235 , United States
| | - Faith Yik-Ching Koh
- Materials Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Ajay Singh
- Materials Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Sarah J Bouquin
- Materials Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Joanna L Casson
- Chemistry Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Alex D Johnson
- Physics Department and Center for Complex Quantum Systems , University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Liuyang Sun
- Physics Department and Center for Complex Quantum Systems , University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- Physics Department and Center for Complex Quantum Systems , University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Chih-Kang Shih
- Physics Department and Center for Complex Quantum Systems , University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Sandra J Rosenthal
- Department of Chemistry , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee 37235 , United States
| | - Jennifer A Hollingsworth
- Materials Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Han Htoon
- Materials Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abbandonato G, Hoffmann K, Resch-Genger U. Determination of quantum yields of semiconductor nanocrystals at the single emitter level via fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:7147-7154. [PMID: 29616686 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr09332b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Comparing the photoluminescence (PL) properties of ensembles of nanocrystals like semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) with single particle studies is of increasing interest for many applications of these materials as reporters in bioimaging studies performed under very dilute conditions or even at the single particle level. Particularly relevant is here the PL quantum yield (ΦF), which determines the signal size together with the reporter's molar extinction coefficient and is a direct measure for nanocrystal quality, especially for the inorganic surface passivation shell and its tightness, which can be correlated also with nanocrystal stability and the possible release of heavy metal ions. Exemplarily for red and green emitting CdTe nanocrystals, we present a method for the determination of ΦF of nanoparticle dispersions at ultralow concentration compared to cuvette measurements using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), a single molecule method, and compared to molecular dyes with closely matching spectral properties and known ΦF. Our results underline the potential of this approach, provided that material-inherent limitations like ligand- and QD-specific aggregation affecting particle diffusion and QD drawbacks such as their complex and power-dependent blinking behavior are properly considered as shown here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Abbandonato
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Division Biophotonics, Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Single-molecule studies beyond optical imaging: Multi-parameter single-molecule spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
29
|
Reid KR, McBride JR, Freymeyer NJ, Thal LB, Rosenthal SJ. Chemical Structure, Ensemble and Single-Particle Spectroscopy of Thick-Shell InP-ZnSe Quantum Dots. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:709-716. [PMID: 29282985 PMCID: PMC6163126 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b03703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Thick-shell (>5 nm) InP-ZnSe colloidal quantum dots (QDs) grown by a continuous-injection shell growth process are reported. The growth of a thick crystalline shell is attributed to the high temperature of the growth process and the relatively low lattice mismatch between the InP core and ZnSe shell. In addition to a narrow ensemble photoluminescence (PL) line-width (∼40 nm), ensemble and single-particle emission dynamics measurements indicate that blinking and Auger recombination are reduced in these heterostructures. More specifically, high single-dot ON-times (>95%) were obtained for the core-shell QDs, and measured ensemble biexciton lifetimes, τ2x ∼ 540 ps, represent a 7-fold increase compared to InP-ZnS QDs. Further, high-resolution energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) chemical maps directly show for the first time significant incorporation of indium into the shell of the InP-ZnSe QDs. Examination of the atomic structure of the thick-shell QDs by high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) reveals structural defects in subpopulations of particles that may mitigate PL efficiencies (∼40% in ensemble), providing insight toward further synthetic refinement. These InP-ZnSe heterostructures represent progress toward fully cadmium-free QDs with superior photophysical properties important in biological labeling and other emission-based technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kemar R. Reid
- Department of Interdisciplinary Materials Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Vanderbilt Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - James R. McBride
- Vanderbilt Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- correspondence: ,
| | - Nathaniel J. Freymeyer
- Vanderbilt Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Lucas B. Thal
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Sandra J. Rosenthal
- Department of Interdisciplinary Materials Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Vanderbilt Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- correspondence: ,
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Xu W, Hou X, Meng Y, Meng R, Wang Z, Qin H, Peng X, Chen XW. Deciphering Charging Status, Absolute Quantum Efficiency, and Absorption Cross Section of Multicarrier States in Single Colloidal Quantum Dots. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:7487-7493. [PMID: 29160715 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b03399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Upon photo- or electrical-excitation, colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are often found in multicarrier states due to multiphoton absorption, photocharging, or imbalanced carrier injection of the QDs. While many of these multicarrier states are observed in single-dot spectroscopy, their properties are not well studied due to random charging/discharging, emission intensity intermittency, and uncontrolled surface defects of single QDs. Here we report in situ deciphering of the charging status, precisely assessing the absorption cross section, and determining the absolute emission quantum yield of monoexciton and biexciton states for neutral, positively charged, and negatively charged single core/shell CdSe/CdS QDs. We uncover very different photon statistics of the three charge states in single QDs and unambiguously identify their charge signs together with the information on their photoluminescence decay dynamics. We then show their distinct photoluminescence saturation behaviors and evaluate the absolute values of absorption cross sections and quantum efficiencies of monoexcitons and biexcitons. We demonstrate that the addition of an extra hole or electron in a QD not only changes its emission properties but also varies its absorption cross section.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwang Xu
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqi Hou
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yongjun Meng
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Renyang Meng
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Qin
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiaogang Peng
- Center for Chemistry of Novel & High-Performance Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xue-Wen Chen
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hanson CJ, Hartmann NF, Singh A, Ma X, DeBenedetti WJI, Casson JL, Grey JK, Chabal YJ, Malko AV, Sykora M, Piryatinski A, Htoon H, Hollingsworth JA. Giant PbSe/CdSe/CdSe Quantum Dots: Crystal-Structure-Defined Ultrastable Near-Infrared Photoluminescence from Single Nanocrystals. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:11081-11088. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b03705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina J. Hanson
- Materials
Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Nicolai F. Hartmann
- Materials
Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Ajay Singh
- Materials
Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Xuedan Ma
- Materials
Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | | | - Joanna L. Casson
- Chemistry
Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - John K. Grey
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Yves J. Chabal
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Anton V. Malko
- Department
of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Milan Sykora
- Chemistry
Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Andrei Piryatinski
- Theoretical
Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Han Htoon
- Materials
Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Hollingsworth
- Materials
Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Pietryga JM, Park YS, Lim J, Fidler AF, Bae WK, Brovelli S, Klimov VI. Spectroscopic and Device Aspects of Nanocrystal Quantum Dots. Chem Rev 2017; 116:10513-622. [PMID: 27677521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The field of nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs) is already more than 30 years old, and yet continuing interest in these structures is driven by both the fascinating physics emerging from strong quantum confinement of electronic excitations, as well as a large number of prospective applications that could benefit from the tunable properties and amenability toward solution-based processing of these materials. The focus of this review is on recent advances in nanocrystal research related to applications of QD materials in lasing, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and solar energy conversion. A specific underlying theme is innovative concepts for tuning the properties of QDs beyond what is possible via traditional size manipulation, particularly through heterostructuring. Examples of such advanced control of nanocrystal functionalities include the following: interface engineering for suppressing Auger recombination in the context of QD LEDs and lasers; Stokes-shift engineering for applications in large-area luminescent solar concentrators; and control of intraband relaxation for enhanced carrier multiplication in advanced QD photovoltaics. We examine the considerable recent progress on these multiple fronts of nanocrystal research, which has resulted in the first commercialized QD technologies. These successes explain the continuing appeal of this field to a broad community of scientists and engineers, which in turn ensures even more exciting results to come from future exploration of this fascinating class of materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Pietryga
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Spectroscopy Team, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Young-Shin Park
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Spectroscopy Team, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States.,Center for High Technology Materials, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Jaehoon Lim
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Spectroscopy Team, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Andrew F Fidler
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Spectroscopy Team, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Wan Ki Bae
- Photo-Electronic Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Sergio Brovelli
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca , I-20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Victor I Klimov
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Spectroscopy Team, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Strong plasmonic enhancement of biexciton emission: controlled coupling of a single quantum dot to a gold nanocone antenna. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42307. [PMID: 28195140 PMCID: PMC5307325 DOI: 10.1038/srep42307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiexcitonic transitions and emission of several photons per excitation comprise a very attractive feature of semiconductor quantum dots for optoelectronics applications. However, these higher-order radiative processes are usually quenched in colloidal quantum dots by Auger and other nonradiative decay channels. To increase the multiexcitonic quantum efficiency, several groups have explored plasmonic enhancement, so far with moderate results. By controlled positioning of individual quantum dots in the near field of gold nanocone antennas, we enhance the radiative decay rates of monoexcitons and biexcitons by 109 and 100 folds at quantum efficiencies of 60 and 70%, respectively, in very good agreement with the outcome of numerical calculations. We discuss the implications of our work for future fundamental and applied research in nano-optics.
Collapse
|
34
|
Bladt E, van Dijk-Moes RJA, Peters J, Montanarella F, de Mello Donega C, Vanmaekelbergh D, Bals S. Atomic Structure of Wurtzite CdSe (Core)/CdS (Giant Shell) Nanobullets Related to Epitaxy and Growth. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:14288-14293. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b06443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Bladt
- Electron
Microscopy for Materials Research (EMAT), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Joep Peters
- Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, University of Utrecht, 3512 JE Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Federico Montanarella
- Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, University of Utrecht, 3512 JE Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Celso de Mello Donega
- Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, University of Utrecht, 3512 JE Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Daniël Vanmaekelbergh
- Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, University of Utrecht, 3512 JE Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sara Bals
- Electron
Microscopy for Materials Research (EMAT), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Rabouw FT, de Mello Donega C. Excited-State Dynamics in Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2016; 374:58. [PMID: 27573500 PMCID: PMC5480409 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-016-0060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals have attracted continuous worldwide interest over the last three decades owing to their remarkable and unique size- and shape-, dependent properties. The colloidal nature of these nanomaterials allows one to take full advantage of nanoscale effects to tailor their optoelectronic and physical–chemical properties, yielding materials that combine size-, shape-, and composition-dependent properties with easy surface manipulation and solution processing. These features have turned the study of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals into a dynamic and multidisciplinary research field, with fascinating fundamental challenges and dazzling application prospects. This review focuses on the excited-state dynamics in these intriguing nanomaterials, covering a range of different relaxation mechanisms that span over 15 orders of magnitude, from a few femtoseconds to a few seconds after photoexcitation. In addition to reviewing the state of the art and highlighting the essential concepts in the field, we also discuss the relevance of the different relaxation processes to a number of potential applications, such as photovoltaics and LEDs. The fundamental physical and chemical principles needed to control and understand the properties of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals are also addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Freddy T Rabouw
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, PO Box 80000, 3508 TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, PO Box 80000, 3508 TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Celso de Mello Donega
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, PO Box 80000, 3508 TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Harris RD, Bettis Homan S, Kodaimati M, He C, Nepomnyashchii AB, Swenson NK, Lian S, Calzada R, Weiss EA. Electronic Processes within Quantum Dot-Molecule Complexes. Chem Rev 2016; 116:12865-12919. [PMID: 27499491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The subject of this review is the colloidal quantum dot (QD) and specifically the interaction of the QD with proximate molecules. It covers various functions of these molecules, including (i) ligands for the QDs, coupled electronically or vibrationally to localized surface states or to the delocalized states of the QD core, (ii) energy or electron donors or acceptors for the QDs, and (iii) structural components of QD assemblies that dictate QD-QD or QD-molecule interactions. Research on interactions of ligands with colloidal QDs has revealed that ligands determine not only the excited state dynamics of the QD but also, in some cases, its ground state electronic structure. Specifically, the article discusses (i) measurement of the electronic structure of colloidal QDs and the influence of their surface chemistry, in particular, dipolar ligands and exciton-delocalizing ligands, on their electronic energies; (ii) the role of molecules in interfacial electron and energy transfer processes involving QDs, including electron-to-vibrational energy transfer and the use of the ligand shell of a QD as a semipermeable membrane that gates its redox activity; and (iii) a particular application of colloidal QDs, photoredox catalysis, which exploits the combination of the electronic structure of the QD core and the chemistry at its surface to use the energy of the QD excited state to drive chemical reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel D Harris
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Stephanie Bettis Homan
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mohamad Kodaimati
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Chen He
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | | | - Nathaniel K Swenson
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Shichen Lian
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Raul Calzada
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Emily A Weiss
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Liu W, Zhang W, Yu X, Zhang G, Su Z. Synthesis and biomedical applications of fluorescent nanogels. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01021k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent nanogel is an innovative biomedical material with hydroscopicity, degradability, and responsiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Wensi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Xiaoqing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Guanghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Zhiqiang Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- China
| |
Collapse
|