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Dezhakam E, Mahmoudi E, Naseri A, Rahbarghazi R, Isildak I, Khalilzadeh B, Niaei A, Delibas N, Coruh A. Platinum-perovskite nanocomposite-based Exosensor for specific detection of prostate cancer in clinical settings. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:593. [PMID: 39261334 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06655-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes, extracellular vesicles (EVs) with an average size of 50-150 nm, transfer various biomolecules and exchange signaling molecules between cells in a paracrine manner. Molecular investigations have revealed that EVs can reflect real-time metabolic changes in normal- and cancer-origin cells and thus harbor valid diagnostic biomarkers. Despite these advantages, the detection of low concentrations of cancer cell EVs in biological fluids is still a great challenge. Here, a new electrochemical Exosensor based on platinum-perovskite is developed for the direct detection of EVs using a biotinylated monoclonal CD63 antibody as a capture element. The label-free method exhibited higher sensitivity with a lower limit of quantification of 2000 EVs/µL with a dynamic linear range (LDR) of 2000 to 14,000 EVs/μL compared with other available methods. To enhance the selectivity of detection, EVs were simultaneously sandwiched between secondary antibodies of PSA (prostate-specific antigen), as an FDA-approved prostate cancer biomarker. Data indicated that this Exosensor can distinguish normal and cancer EVs in samples from healthy individuals and prostate cancer patients. Taken together, this technology offers a unique approach to label-free quantification of EVs and cancer detection in the early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Dezhakam
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Mahmoudi
- Catalyst and Reactor Research Lab, Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abdolhossein Naseri
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center (SCRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ibrahim Isildak
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Chemistry-Metallurgy, Yildiz Technical University, 34220, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Balal Khalilzadeh
- Stem Cell Research Center (SCRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Aligholi Niaei
- Catalyst and Reactor Research Lab, Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Sakarya, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Nagihan Delibas
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Sakarya, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Ali Coruh
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Sakarya, Sakarya, Turkey
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2
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Li W, Sun Z, Che X, Ma Y, Guo Y, Chen G, Zhu X, Feng C. Liquid-colloid-solid modular assembly for three-dimensional electrochemical biosensing of small molecules. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 259:116396. [PMID: 38772247 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical biosensors hold promise for advanced analytical applications in modern life analysis due to their miniaturization and cost-effectiveness. Nevertheless, their implementation in complex biological systems necessitates overcoming challenges related to timeliness, sensitivity, and interference resistance. Here, we developed a novel DNA hydrogel three-dimensional electron transporter through liquid-colloid-solid assembly, integrating electronic mediators and employing porous electrode covers with 3D printing technology. Our approach facilitated the fabrication of a high-performance electrochemical sensor for small molecule detection, leveraging target-specific aptamers and catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) elements within the DNA hydrogel, which exhibited outstanding selectivity, sensitivity, and universality, achieving detection limits of 0.047 nM for kanamycin and 2.67 pM for ATP. Furthermore, this sensor could detect kanamycin in real samples, demonstrating good accuracy and robust anti-interference capabilities in human serum. Our work not only possesses substantial application value in clinical sample analysis but also represents a breakthrough in traditional strategies, thereby contributing to advancements in the application of electrochemical biosensors for life analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, PR China
| | - Zijiu Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, PR China
| | - Xinran Che
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Yonggeng Ma
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Yi Guo
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Guifang Chen
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
| | - Xiaoli Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, PR China.
| | - Chang Feng
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
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3
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Xi Y, Zhao Z, Wang F, Zhang D, Guo Y. IRTIDP: A simple integrated real-time isolation and detection platform for small extracellular vesicles Glypican-1 in pancreatic cancer patients. Talanta 2024; 280:126766. [PMID: 39191106 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Glypican-1 (GPC-1) protein-positive small extracellular vesicles (GPC-1+-sEV) have been proposed as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. In this study, we present an integrated real-time isolation and detection platform (IRTIDP) to capture and analyze GPC-1+-sEV directly from sera of pancreatic cancer patients. First, CD63 antibody-modified metal-organic framework (MOF) materials were utilized to enrich sEVs with a capture efficiency of 93.93 %. Second, a SERS probe was constructed by Raman reporter 4-MBA and GPC-1 antibody modified SERS active silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which formed a sandwich complex structure of "MOFs@GPC-1+-sEV@AgNPs-4-MBA" with MOFs-enriched sEVs. The IRTSDP can complete the capture and detection process within 35 min, with a detection limit for 1 GPC-1+-sEV/μL, and linear range between 105∼109 GPC-1+-sEV/mL. Furthermore, this approach has been applied to quantify serum sEV GPC-1 in clinical pancreatic cancer patients. Based on the SERS intensity analysis, pancreatic cancer patients can be distinguished from pancreatic cystadenoma patients and healthy individuals effectively using this innovative platform that provides highly specific and sensitive means for early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer as well as other tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuge Xi
- Nanobiosensing and Microfluidic Point-of-Care Testing, Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital,Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, PR China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The People's Hospital of Chongging Liangjiang New Area, No. 199 Ren Xing Road, Yubei, Chongqing, 401121, PR China
| | - Zijun Zhao
- Nanobiosensing and Microfluidic Point-of-Care Testing, Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital,Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, PR China
| | - Fen Wang
- Nanobiosensing and Microfluidic Point-of-Care Testing, Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital,Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, PR China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Nanobiosensing and Microfluidic Point-of-Care Testing, Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital,Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, PR China
| | - Yongcan Guo
- Nanobiosensing and Microfluidic Point-of-Care Testing, Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital,Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, PR China.
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4
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Rioboó-Legaspi P, Costa-Rama E, Fernández-Abedul MT. ElectrochemCap: an integrated detection for loop-mediated isothermal amplification reactions. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:4085-4095. [PMID: 39082091 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00395k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) of genetic materials has emerged as a powerful molecular biology technique with great potential to be a standard point-of-care (POC) technique. This method has found several applications, but it still presents challenges for its direct on-site application, particularly in terms of integrated reaction and detection systems and the risk of carryover contamination. In this work, we propose an innovative solution - an electrochemical microcentrifuge tube cap (ElectrochemCap) based on a screen-printed electrode, a 3D printed adapter and an adhesive layer - which integrates the amplification reaction and its subsequent electrochemical detection in a single device. The design, fabrication, and electrochemical characterization of the ElectrochemCap are reported here, demonstrating its suitability for LAMP detection. Rapidly emerging technologies, such as 3D printing or xurography, are the basis of a prototype that has been validated for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 using reverse transcription LAMP (RT-LAMP), achieving results comparable to those obtained by gold-standard RT-qPCR. Moreover, we have explored the versatility of the ElectrochemCap presenting several additional designs (for containers with different volumes, shapes and materials, as well as multiplexed approaches), expanding its potential applications. Overall, the ElectrochemCap represents an affordable, versatile, and marketable innovation for integrated quantitative electrochemical detection, with enormous possibilities in bioelectroanalytical procedures and portable laboratory setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rioboó-Legaspi
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain.
| | - E Costa-Rama
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain.
| | - M T Fernández-Abedul
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain.
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Wang B, Hu S, Teng Y, Chen J, Wang H, Xu Y, Wang K, Xu J, Cheng Y, Gao X. Current advance of nanotechnology in diagnosis and treatment for malignant tumors. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:200. [PMID: 39128942 PMCID: PMC11323968 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01889-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a significant risk to human health. Nanomedicine is a new multidisciplinary field that is garnering a lot of interest and investigation. Nanomedicine shows great potential for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Specifically engineered nanoparticles can be employed as contrast agents in cancer diagnostics to enable high sensitivity and high-resolution tumor detection by imaging examinations. Novel approaches for tumor labeling and detection are also made possible by the use of nanoprobes and nanobiosensors. The achievement of targeted medication delivery in cancer therapy can be accomplished through the rational design and manufacture of nanodrug carriers. Nanoparticles have the capability to effectively transport medications or gene fragments to tumor tissues via passive or active targeting processes, thus enhancing treatment outcomes while minimizing harm to healthy tissues. Simultaneously, nanoparticles can be employed in the context of radiation sensitization and photothermal therapy to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of malignant tumors. This review presents a literature overview and summary of how nanotechnology is used in the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors. According to oncological diseases originating from different systems of the body and combining the pathophysiological features of cancers at different sites, we review the most recent developments in nanotechnology applications. Finally, we briefly discuss the prospects and challenges of nanotechnology in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Evidence-based Pharmacy Center, Children's Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Shiqi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yan Teng
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, P.R. China
| | - Junli Chen
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Haoyuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yezhen Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Kaiyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yongzhong Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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6
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Rroji M, Figurek A, Spasovski G. Advancing kidney transplant outcomes: the role of urinary proteomics in graft function monitoring and rejection detection. Expert Rev Proteomics 2024; 21:297-316. [PMID: 39133121 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2024.2389829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Kidney transplantation significantly improves the lives of those with end-stage kidney disease, offering best alternative to dialysis. However, transplant success is threatened by the acute and chronic rejection mechanisms due to complex immune responses against the new organ. AREAS COVERED The ongoing research into biomarkers holds promise for revolutionizing the early detection and monitoring of the graft health. Liquid biopsy techniques offer a new avenue, with several diagnostic, predictive, and prognostic biomarkers showing promise in detecting and monitoring kidney diseases and an early and chronic allograft rejection. EXPERT OPINION Evaluating the protein composition related to kidney transplant results could lead to identifying biomarkers that provide insights into the graft functionality. Non-invasive proteomic biomarkers can drastically enhance clinical outcomes and change the way how kidney transplants are evaluated for patients and physicians if they succeed in this transition. Hence, the advancement in proteomic technologies, leads toward a significant improvement in understanding of the protein markers and molecular mechanisms linked to the outcomes of kidney transplants. However, the road from discovery to the use of such proteins in clinical practice is long, with a need for continuous validation and beyond the singular research team with comprehensive infrastructure and across research groups collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merita Rroji
- Faculty of Medicine, University Department of Nephrology, University of Medicine Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Andreja Figurek
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Goce Spasovski
- Medical Faculty, University Department of Nephrology, University of Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia
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7
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Boukherroub R, Szunerits S. The Future of Nanotechnology-Driven Electrochemical and Electrical Point-of-Care Devices and Diagnostic Tests. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2024; 17:173-195. [PMID: 39018353 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061622-012029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Point-of-care (POC) devices have become rising stars in the biosensing field, aiming at prognosis and diagnosis of diseases with a positive impact on the patient but also on healthcare and social care systems. Putting the patient at the center of interest requires the implementation of noninvasive technologies for collecting biofluids and the development of wearable platforms with integrated artificial intelligence-based tools for improved analytical accuracy and wireless readout technologies. Many electrical and electrochemical transducer technologies have been proposed for POC-based sensing, but several necessitate further development before being widely deployable. This review focuses on recent innovations in electrochemical and electrical biosensors and their growth opportunities for nanotechnology-driven multidisciplinary approaches. With a focus on analytical aspects to pave the way for future electrical/electrochemical diagnostics tests, current limitations and drawbacks as well as directions for future developments are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabah Boukherroub
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520-IEMN, Lille, France;
| | - Sabine Szunerits
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520-IEMN, Lille, France;
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8
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Talebian Gevari M, Sahu SS, Stridfeldt F, Hååg P, De Petris L, Viktorsson K, Lewensohn R, Gori A, Cretich M, Dev A. Design and Optimization of a Silicon-Based Electrokinetic Microchip for Sensitive Detection of Small Extracellular Vesicles. ACS Sens 2024; 9:2935-2945. [PMID: 38848141 PMCID: PMC11217933 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Detection of analytes using streaming current has previously been explored using both experimental approaches and theoretical analyses of such data. However, further developments are needed for establishing a viable microchip that can be exploited to deliver a sensitive, robust, and scalable biosensor device. In this study, we demonstrated the fabrication of such a device on silicon wafer using a scalable silicon microfabrication technology followed by characterization and optimization of this sensor for detection of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) with sizes in the range of 30 to 200 nm, as determined by nanoparticle tracking analyses. We showed that the sensitivity of the devices, assessed by a common protein-ligand pair and sEVs, significantly outperforms previous approaches using the same principle. Two versions of the microchips, denoted as enclosed and removable-top microchips, were developed and compared, aiming to discern the importance of high-pressure measurement versus easier and better surface preparation capacity. A custom-built chip manifold allowing easy interfacing with standard microfluidic connections was also constructed. By investigating different electrical, fluidic, morphological, and fluorescence measurements, we show that while the enclosed microchip with its robust glass-silicon bonding can withstand higher pressure and thus generate higher streaming current, the removable-top configuration offers several practical benefits, including easy surface preparation, uniform probe conjugation, and improvement in the limit of detection (LoD). We further compared two common surface functionalization strategies and showed that the developed microchip can achieve both high sensitivity for membrane protein profiling and low LoD for detection of sEV detection. At the optimum working condition, we demonstrated that the microchip could detect sEVs reaching an LoD of 104 sEVs/mL (when captured by membrane-sensing peptide (MSP) probes), which is among the lowest in the so far reported microchip-based methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Talebian Gevari
- Division
of Solid-State Electronics, Department of Electrical Engineering, Uppsala University, 75 121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Siddharth Sourabh Sahu
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10 691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Stridfeldt
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10 691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petra Hååg
- Department
of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Solna, Sweden
| | - Luigi De Petris
- Department
of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Solna, Sweden
- Theme
Cancer, Medical Unit Head and Neck, Lung, and Skin Tumors, Thoracic
Oncology Center, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Solna, Sweden
| | - Kristina Viktorsson
- Department
of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Solna, Sweden
| | - Rolf Lewensohn
- Department
of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Solna, Sweden
- Theme
Cancer, Medical Unit Head and Neck, Lung, and Skin Tumors, Thoracic
Oncology Center, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Solna, Sweden
| | - Alessandro Gori
- Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze
e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC), 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Cretich
- Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze
e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC), 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Apurba Dev
- Division
of Solid-State Electronics, Department of Electrical Engineering, Uppsala University, 75 121 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10 691 Stockholm, Sweden
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Moghassemi S, Dadashzadeh A, Sousa MJ, Vlieghe H, Yang J, León-Félix CM, Amorim CA. Extracellular vesicles in nanomedicine and regenerative medicine: A review over the last decade. Bioact Mater 2024; 36:126-156. [PMID: 38450204 PMCID: PMC10915394 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are known to be secreted by a vast majority of cells. These sEVs, specifically exosomes, induce specific cell-to-cell interactions and can activate signaling pathways in recipient cells through fusion or interaction. These nanovesicles possess several desirable properties, making them ideal for regenerative medicine and nanomedicine applications. These properties include exceptional stability, biocompatibility, wide biodistribution, and minimal immunogenicity. However, the practical utilization of sEVs, particularly in clinical settings and at a large scale, is hindered by the expensive procedures required for their isolation, limited circulation lifetime, and suboptimal targeting capacity. Despite these challenges, sEVs have demonstrated a remarkable ability to accommodate various cargoes and have found extensive applications in the biomedical sciences. To overcome the limitations of sEVs and broaden their potential applications, researchers should strive to deepen their understanding of current isolation, loading, and characterization techniques. Additionally, acquiring fundamental knowledge about sEVs origins and employing state-of-the-art methodologies in nanomedicine and regenerative medicine can expand the sEVs research scope. This review provides a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art exosome-based strategies in diverse nanomedicine domains, encompassing cancer therapy, immunotherapy, and biomarker applications. Furthermore, we emphasize the immense potential of exosomes in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Moghassemi
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arezoo Dadashzadeh
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maria João Sousa
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hanne Vlieghe
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jie Yang
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cecibel María León-Félix
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christiani A. Amorim
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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10
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Bhavsar D, Raguraman R, Kim D, Ren X, Munshi A, Moore K, Sikavitsas V, Ramesh R. Exosomes in diagnostic and therapeutic applications of ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:113. [PMID: 38796525 PMCID: PMC11127348 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-024-01417-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer accounts for more deaths than any other female reproductive tract cancer. The major reasons for the high mortality rates include delayed diagnoses and drug resistance. Hence, improved diagnostic and therapeutic options for ovarian cancer are a pressing need. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), that include exosomes provide hope in both diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. They are natural lipid nanovesicles secreted by all cell types and carry molecules that reflect the status of the parent cell. This facilitates their potential use as biomarkers for an early diagnosis. Additionally, EVs can be loaded with exogenous cargo, and have features such as high stability and favorable pharmacokinetic properties. This makes them ideal for tumor-targeted delivery of biological moieties. The International Society of Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) based on the Minimal Information for Studies on Extracellular Vesicles (MISEV) recommends the usage of the term "small extracellular vesicles (sEVs)" that includes exosomes for particles that are 30-200 nm in size. However, majority of the studies reported in the literature and relevant to this review have used the term "exosomes". Therefore, this review will use the term "exosomes" interchangeably with sEVs for consistency with the literature and avoid confusion to the readers. This review, initially summarizes the different isolation and detection techniques developed to study ovarian cancer-derived exosomes and the potential use of these exosomes as biomarkers for the early diagnosis of this devastating disease. It addresses the role of exosome contents in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer, discusses strategies to limit exosome-mediated ovarian cancer progression, and provides options to use exosomes for tumor-targeted therapy in ovarian cancer. Finally, it states future research directions and recommends essential research needed to successfully transition exosomes from the laboratory to the gynecologic-oncology clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhaval Bhavsar
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE, 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 800 NE, 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Rajeswari Raguraman
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE, 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 800 NE, 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Dongin Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 N, Stonewall Ave, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 800 NE, 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Ren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 N, Stonewall Ave, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Anupama Munshi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE, 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 800 NE, 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Kathleen Moore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 800 NE, 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 800 NE, 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Vassilios Sikavitsas
- OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 800 NE, 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, Oklahoma University, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE, 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
- OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 800 NE, 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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11
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Muttiah B, Ng SL, Lokanathan Y, Ng MH, Law JX. Extracellular Vesicles in Breast Cancer: From Intercellular Communication to Therapeutic Opportunities. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:654. [PMID: 38794316 PMCID: PMC11125876 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, a multifaceted and heterogeneous disease, poses significant challenges in terms of understanding its intricate resistance mechanisms and devising effective therapeutic strategies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the intricate landscape of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the context of breast cancer, highlighting their diverse subtypes, biogenesis, and roles in intercellular communication within the tumour microenvironment (TME). The discussion spans various aspects, from EVs and stromal cells in breast cancer to their influence on angiogenesis, immune response, and chemoresistance. The impact of EV production in different culture systems, including two dimensional (2D), three dimensional (3D), and organoid models, is explored. Furthermore, this review delves into the therapeutic potential of EVs in breast cancer, presenting emerging strategies such as engineered EVs for gene delivery, nanoplatforms for targeted chemotherapy, and disrupting tumour derived EVs as a treatment approach. Understanding these complex interactions of EV within the breast cancer milieu is crucial for identifying resistance mechanisms and developing new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barathan Muttiah
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (Y.L.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Sook Luan Ng
- Department of Craniofacial Diagnostics and Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Yogeswaran Lokanathan
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (Y.L.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Min Hwei Ng
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (Y.L.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Jia Xian Law
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (Y.L.); (M.H.N.)
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12
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Shen J, Ma Z, Xu J, Xue T, Lv X, Zhu G, Huang B. Exosome Isolation and Detection: From Microfluidic Chips to Nanoplasmonic Biosensor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38676635 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c19396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are becoming more widely acknowledged as significant circulating indicators for the prognosis and diagnosis of cancer. Circulating exosomes are essential to the development and spread of cancer, according to a growing body of research. Using existing technology, characterizing exosomes is quite difficult. Therefore, a direct, sensitive, and targeted approach to exosome detection will aid in illness diagnosis and prognosis. The review discusses the new strategies for exosome isolation and detection technologies from microfluidic chips to nanoplasmonic biosensors, analyzing the advantages and limitations of these new technologies. This review serves researchers to better understand exosome isolation and detection methods and to help develop better exosome isolating and detecting devices for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Shen
- School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Zhengtai Ma
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese, Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Tianhao Xue
- School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Xiaoqing Lv
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guixian Zhu
- School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Beiju Huang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese, Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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13
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Li X, Chen J, Yang Y, Cai H, Ao Z, Xing Y, Li K, Yang K, Wallace A, Friend J, Lee LP, Wang N, Guo F. Extracellular vesicles-based point-of-care testing for the diagnosis and monitoring of Alzheimer's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.31.587511. [PMID: 38617279 PMCID: PMC11014472 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.31.587511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating condition that affects millions of people worldwide. One promising strategy for detecting and monitoring AD early on is using extracellular vesicles (EVs)-based point-of-care testing; however, diagnosing AD using EVs poses a challenge due to the low abundance of EV-biomarkers. Here, we present a fully integrated organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) that enables high accuracy, speed, and convenience in the detection of EVs from AD patients. We incorporated self-aligned acoustoelectric enhancement of EVs on a chip that rapidly propels, enriches, and specifically binds EVs to the OECT detection area. With our enhancement of pre-concentration, we increased the sensitivity to a limit of detection of 500 EV particles/μL and reduced the required detection time to just two minutes. We also tested the sensor on an AD mouse model to monitor AD progression, examined mouse Aβ EVs at different time courses, and compared them with intraneuronal Aβ cumulation using MRI. This innovative technology has the potential to diagnose Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases accurately and quickly, enabling monitoring of disease progression and treatment response.
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14
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Kim YJ, Min J. Hydrogel-based technologies in liquid biopsy for the detection of circulating clinical markers: challenges and prospects. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:2065-2078. [PMID: 37963993 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-05025-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy, which promises noninvasive detection of tumor-derived material, has recently been highlighted because of its potential to lead us to an era of precision medicine. However, its development has encountered challenges owing to the extremely low frequency and low purity of circulating tumor markers, such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating exosomes, and circulating tumor nucleic acids (ctNAs). Much effort has been made to overcome this limitation over the last decade, and an increasing number of studies have shown interest in the special characteristics of hydrogels. This hydrophilic and biocompatible polymeric network, which absorbs a large amount of water, can aid in the isolation, protection, and analysis of these low-abundance and short-lived circulating biomarkers. The role of hydrogels in liquid biopsy is extensive and ranges from enrichment to encapsulation. This review provides an overview of hydrogel-based technologies to pave the way in liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jun Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhong Min
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Shiju TM, Yuan A. Extracellular vesicle biomarkers in ocular fluids associated with ophthalmic diseases. Exp Eye Res 2024; 241:109831. [PMID: 38401855 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released as highly stable lipid bilayer particles carrying proteins, lipids, glycans and miRNAs. The contents of EVs vary based on the cellular origin, biogenesis route and the functional state of the cell suggesting certain diseased conditions. A growing body of evidence show that EVs carry important molecules implicated in the development and progression of ophthalmic diseases. EVs associated with ophthalmic diseases are mainly carried by one of the three ocular biofluids which include tears, aqueous humor and vitreous humor. This review summarizes the list of EV derived biomarkers identified thus far in ocular fluids for ophthalmic disease diagnosis. Further, the methods used for sample collection, sample volume and the sample numbers used in these studies have been highlighted. Emphasis has been given to describe the EV isolation and the characterization methods used, EV size profiled and the EV concentrations analyzed by these studies, thus providing a roadmap for future EV biomarker studies in ocular fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Yuan
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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16
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Cao X, Liu Z, Qin X, Gu Y, Huang Y, Qian Y, Wang Z, Li H, Zhu Q, Wei W. LoC-SERS platform for rapid and sensitive detection of colorectal cancer protein biomarkers. Talanta 2024; 270:125563. [PMID: 38134815 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant contributor to the global mortality rate, and a single biomarker cannot meet the specificity required for CRC screening. To this end, we developed a multiplexed, pump-free surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) microfluidic chip (LoC-SERS) using a one-step recognition release mechanism; the aptamer-functionalized novel Au nanocrown array (AuNCA) was used as the detection element embedded in the detection zone of the platform for rapid and specific detection of protein markers in multiple samples simultaneously. Here, the corresponding aptamer specifically captured the protein marker, causing the complementary strand of the aptamer carrying the Raman signal molecule to be shed, reducing the SERS signal. Based on this platform, sensitive and specific detection of the target can be accomplished within 15 min with detection limits of 0.031 pg/mL (hnRNP A1) and 0.057 pg/mL (S100P). Meanwhile, the platform was consistent with ELISA results when used to test clinical. By substituting different aptamers, this platform can provide a new solution for the rapid and sensitive detection of protein markers, which has promising applications in future disease detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Cao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhengqing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaogang Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Tongzhou District, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuexing Gu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangdu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yayun Qian
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhenguang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangdu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hongbo Li
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangdu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qunshan Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangdu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangdu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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17
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Rhim WK, Woo J, Kim JY, Lee EH, Cha SG, Kim DS, Baek SW, Park CG, Kim BS, Kwon TG, Han DK. Multiplexed PLGA scaffolds with nitric oxide-releasing zinc oxide and melatonin-modulated extracellular vesicles for severe chronic kidney disease. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00118-8. [PMID: 38537702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in worldwide, the strategies to recover renal function via tissue regeneration could provide alternatives to kidney replacement therapies. However, due to relatively low reproducibility of renal basal cells and limited bioactivities of implanted biomaterials along with the high probability of substance-inducible inflammation and immunogenicity, kidney tissue regeneration could be challenging. OBJECTIVES To exclude various side effects from cell transplantations, in this study, we have induced extracellular vesicles (EVs) incorporated cell-free hybrid PMEZ scaffolds. METHODS Hybrid PMEZ scaffolds incorporating essential bioactive components, such as ricinoleic acid grafted Mg(OH)2 (M), extracellular matrix (E), and alpha lipoic acid-conjugated ZnO (Z) based on biodegradable porous PLGA (P) platform was successfully manufactured. Consecutively, for functional improvements, melatonin-modulated extracellular vesicles (mEVs), derived from the human umbilical cord MSCs in chemically defined media without serum impurities, were also loaded onto PMEZ scaffolds to construct the multiplexed PMEZ/mEV scaffold. RESULTS With functionalities of Mg(OH)2 and extracellular matrix-loaded PLGA scaffolds, the continuous nitric oxide-releasing property of modified ZnO and remarkably upregulated regenerative functionalities of mEVs showed significantly enhanced kidney regenerative activities. Based on these, the structural and functional restoration has been practically achieved in 5/6 nephrectomy mouse models that mimicked severe human CKD. CONCLUSION Our study has proved the combinatory bioactivities of the biodegradable PLGA-based multiplexed scaffold for kidney tissue regeneration in 5/6 nephrectomy mouse representing a severe CKD model. The optimal microenvironments for the morphogenetic formations of renal tissues and functional restorations have successfully achieved the combinatory bioactivities of remarkable components for PMEZ/mEV, which could be a promising therapeutic alternative for CKD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Kyu Rhim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Woo
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Yong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering and Intelligent Precision of Healthcare Convergence, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea; Intelligent Precision of Healthcare Convergence, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hye Lee
- Joint Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Gyu Cha
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Seul Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woon Baek
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering and Intelligent Precision of Healthcare Convergence, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea; Intelligent Precision of Healthcare Convergence, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Gwon Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Intelligent Precision of Healthcare Convergence, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea; Intelligent Precision of Healthcare Convergence, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Soo Kim
- Joint Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Gyun Kwon
- Joint Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Keun Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea.
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Kim YJ, Rho WY, Park SM, Jun BH. Optical nanomaterial-based detection of biomarkers in liquid biopsy. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:10. [PMID: 38486294 PMCID: PMC10938695 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01531-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy, which is a minimally invasive procedure as an alternative to tissue biopsy, has been introduced as a new diagnostic/prognostic measure. By screening disease-related markers from the blood or other biofluids, it promises early diagnosis, timely prognostication, and effective treatment of the diseases. However, there will be a long way until its realization due to its conceptual and practical challenges. The biomarkers detected by liquid biopsy, such as circulating tumor cell (CTC) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), are extraordinarily rare and often obscured by an abundance of normal cellular components, necessitating ultra-sensitive and accurate detection methods for the advancement of liquid biopsy techniques. Optical biosensors based on nanomaterials open an important opportunity in liquid biopsy because of their enhanced sensing performance with simple and practical properties. In this review article, we summarized recent innovations in optical nanomaterials to demonstrate the sensitive detection of protein, peptide, ctDNA, miRNA, exosome, and CTCs. Each study prepares the optical nanomaterials with a tailored design to enhance the sensing performance and to meet the requirements of each biomarker. The unique optical characteristics of metallic nanoparticles (NPs), quantum dots, upconversion NPs, silica NPs, polymeric NPs, and carbon nanomaterials are exploited for sensitive detection mechanisms. These recent advances in liquid biopsy using optical nanomaterials give us an opportunity to overcome challenging issues and provide a resource for understanding the unknown characteristics of the biomarkers as well as the mechanism of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jun Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Yeop Rho
- School of International Engineering and Science, Jeonbuk National University, Chonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Min Park
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore.
| | - Bong-Hyun Jun
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Roy S, Kang S, Choi KY, Lee KH, Shin KS, Kang JY. Implementation of an ultra-sensitive microwell-based electrochemical sensor for the detection of Alzheimer's disease. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 247:115898. [PMID: 38104391 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders in elderly people. It is diagnosed by detecting amyloid beta (Aβ) protein in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained by lumbar puncture or through expensive positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Although blood-based diagnosis of AD offers a less invasive and cost-effective alternative, the quantification of Aβ is technically challenging due to its low abundance in peripheral blood. To address this, we developed a compact yet highly sensitive microwell-based electrochemical sensor with a densely packed microelectrode array (20 by 20) for enhancing sensitivity. Employing microwells on the working and counter electrodes minimized the leakage current from the metallic conductors into the assay medium, refining the signal fidelity. We achieved a detection limit <10 fg/mL for Aβ by elevating the signal-to-noise ratio, thus capable of AD biomarker quantification. Moreover, the microwell structure maintained the performance irrespective of variations in bead number, indicative of the sensor's robustness. The sensor's efficacy was validated through the analysis of Aβ concentrations in plasma samples from 96 subjects, revealing a significant distinction between AD patients and healthy controls with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.85. Consequently, our novel microwell-based electrochemical biosensor represents a highly sensitive platform for detecting scant blood-based biomarkers, including Aβ, offering substantial potential for advancing AD diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumi Roy
- Brain Science Institute, Biomedical Engineering, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, KIST School, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarang Kang
- Gwangju Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR Educational Research Group for Age-Associated Disorder Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Yeong Choi
- Gwangju Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea; Kolab Inc., Gwangju, 61436, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun Ho Lee
- Gwangju Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea; Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ji Yoon Kang
- Brain Science Institute, Biomedical Engineering, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, KIST School, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Han J, Jung JH, Lee SY, Park JH. Nanoplasmonic Detection of EGFR Mutations Based on Extracellular Vesicle-Derived EGFR-Drug Interaction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:8266-8274. [PMID: 38335730 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Analysis of membrane proteins from extracellular vesicles (EVs) has emerged as an important strategy for molecular cancer diagnosis. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is one of the most well-known oncogenic membrane proteins, particularly in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), where targeted therapies using tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are often addressed based on EGFR mutation status. Consequently, several studies aimed at analyzing oncogenic membrane proteins have been proposed for cancer diagnosis. However, conventional protein analysis still faces limitations due to the requirement for large sample quantities and extensive post-labeling processes. Here, we develop a nanoplasmonic detection method for EGFR mutations in the diagnosis of NSCLC based on interactions between EGFR loaded in EVs and TKI. Gefitinib is selected as a model TKI due to its strong signals in the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and mutation-dependent binding affinity to EGFR. We demonstrate an SERS signal attributed to gefitinib at a higher value in the EGFR exon 19 deletion, both in cells and EVs, compared to wild-type and exon 19 deletion/T790M variants. Furthermore, we observe a significantly higher gefitinib SERS signal in EGFR obtained from exon 19 deletion NSCLC patient plasma-derived EVs compared with those from wild-type and exon 19 deletion/T790M EVs. Since our approach utilizes an analysis of the SERS signal generated by the interaction between oncogenic membrane proteins within EVs and targeted drugs, its diagnostic applicability could potentially extend to other liquid biopsy methods based on EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhee Han
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering and KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jik-Han Jung
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering and KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yong Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ho Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering and KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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21
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Suo M, Fu Y, Wang S, Lin S, Zhang J, Wu C, Yin H, Wang P, Zhang W, Wang XH. Miniaturized Laser Probe for Exosome-Based Cancer Liquid Biopsy. Anal Chem 2024; 96:1965-1976. [PMID: 38267074 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes have been established as a valuable tool for clinical applications for the purpose of liquid biopsy and therapy. However, the clinical practice of exosomes as cancer biopsy markers is still to a very low extent. Active mode optical microcavity with microlaser emission has aroused as a versatile approach for chemical and biological sensing due to its benefits of larger photon population, increased effective Q-factor, decreased line width, and improved sensitivity. Herein, we report a label-free and precise quantification of exosome vesicles and surface protein profiling of breast cancer exosomes using functionalized active whispering gallery mode (WGM) microlaser probes. A detection limit of 40 exosomes per microresonator was achieved. The proposed system enabled a pilot assay of quantitative exosome analysis in cancer patients' blood with only a few microliters of sample consumption, holding good potential for large-scale cancer liquid biopsy. Multiplexed functionalization of the optical microresonator allowed us to profile cancer exosomal surface markers and distinct subclasses of breast cancer-associated exosomes and monitor drug treatment outcomes. Our findings speak volumes about the advantages of the WGM microlaser sensor, including very small sample consumption, low detection limit, high specificity, and ease of operation, offering a promising means for precious clinical sample analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqian Suo
- Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Institute of Laser Engineering, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yiqian Fu
- Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Institute of Laser Engineering, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Shijia Wang
- Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Institute of Laser Engineering, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Siqi Lin
- Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Institute of Laser Engineering, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Institute of Laser Engineering, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Chunxiao Wu
- Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Institute of Laser Engineering, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Huabing Yin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, United Kingdom
| | - Pu Wang
- Laboratory for Advanced Laser Technology and Applications, Institute of Laser Engineering, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
- Key Laboratory of Trans-scale Laser Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100124, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laser Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Immunology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xiu-Hong Wang
- Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Institute of Laser Engineering, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
- Key Laboratory of Trans-scale Laser Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100124, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laser Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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22
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You Q, Liang F, Wu G, Cao F, Liu J, He Z, Wang C, Zhu L, Chen X, Yang Y. The Landscape of Biomimetic Nanovesicles in Brain Diseases. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2306583. [PMID: 37713652 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Brain diseases, such as brain tumors, neurodegenerative diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and brain injuries, are caused by various pathophysiological changes, which pose a serious health threat. Brain disorders are often difficult to treat due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Biomimetic nanovesicles (BNVs), including endogenous extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from various cells and artificial nanovesicles, possess the ability to penetrate the BBB and thus can be utilized for drug delivery to the brain. BNVs, especially endogenous EVs, are widely distributed in body fluids and usually carry various disease-related signal molecules such as proteins, RNA, and DNA, and may also be analyzed to understand the etiology and pathogenesis of brain diseases. This review covers the exhaustive classification and characterization of BNVs and pathophysiological roles involved in various brain diseases, and emphatically focuses on nanotechnology-integrated BNVs for brain disease theranostics, including various diagnosis strategies and precise therapeutic regulations (e.g., immunity regulation, disordered protein clearance, anti-neuroinflammation, neuroregeneration, angiogenesis, and the gut-brain axis regulation). The remaining challenges and future perspectives regarding the nanotechnology-integrated BNVs for the diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases are also discussed and outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing You
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Fuming Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Friendship Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Gege Wu
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Fangfang Cao
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Jingyi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhaohui He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Friendship Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Chen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Yanlian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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23
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Xu X, Iqbal Z, Xu L, Wen C, Duan L, Xia J, Yang N, Zhang Y, Liang Y. Brain-derived extracellular vesicles: Potential diagnostic biomarkers for central nervous system diseases. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 78:83-96. [PMID: 37877617 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed nanovesicles secreted by cells into the extracellular space and contain functional biomolecules, e.g. signaling receptors, bioactive lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins, which can serve as biomarkers. Neurons and glial cells secrete EVs, contributing to various physiological and pathological aspects of brain diseases. EVs confer their role in the bidirectional crosstalk between the central nervous system (CNS) and the periphery owing to their distinctive ability to cross the unique blood-brain barrier (BBB). Thus, EVs in the blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and urine can be intriguing biomarkers, enabling the minimally invasive diagnosis of CNS diseases. Although there has been an enormous interest in evaluating EVs as promising biomarkers, the lack of ultra-sensitive approaches for isolating and detecting brain-derived EVs (BDEVs) has hindered the development of efficient biomarkers. This review presents the recent salient findings of exosomal biomarkers, focusing on brain disorders. We summarize highly sensitive sensors for EV detection and state-of-the-art methods for single EV detection. Finally, the prospect of developing advanced EV analysis approaches for the non-invasive diagnosis of brain diseases is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Zoya Iqbal
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Limei Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Caining Wen
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Li Duan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiang Xia
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ningning Yang
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine School of Pharmacy, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Yuanmin Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yujie Liang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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24
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Lu JY, Guo Z, Huang WT, Bao M, He B, Li G, Lei J, Li Y. Peptide-graphene logic sensing system for dual-mode detection of exosomes, molecular information processing and protection. Talanta 2024; 267:125261. [PMID: 37801930 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Peptides with highly sequence-dependent recognition, assembly, and encoding abilities can perform functions similar to DNA or even better, such as biosensing, molecular information processing, coding, or storage. However, the combination of versatile peptides and 2D materials are rarely used for multipurpose integrated applications, including biosensing, information processing and security. Herein, peptide-graphene sensing system was comprehensively used for dual-signal sensing of tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs), logic computing, and information protection. The system used fluorescent-labeled CD63-binding peptide CP05 and graphene oxide (GO) to selectively detect CD63 and TDEs by fluorescence and resonance light scattering. From three levels such as matter, energy, and information analysis, the matter and energy changes in GO-CP05 peptide sensing system were transformed into valuable information, which achieve the dual-mode quantitative detection of TDEs and its marker CD63, and the actual serum analysis. This matter-energy interaction network was also informationized, and utilized for parallel and batch logic computing, two kinds of molecular crypto-steganography (based on peptide sequence and Boolean logic relationships), which facilitates development of intelligent sensing and advanced information technology. This work not only provides a new method for sensitive detection of important disease markers, but also provides ideas for integrating molecular sensing and informatization to open molecular digitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Yang Lu
- Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Functional Nucleic Acid, Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, "the 14th Five-Year Plan" Application Characteristic Discipline of Hunan Province (Clinical Medicine), Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, PR China; Wuzhou Medical College, Wuzhou, 543100, PR China
| | - Zhen Guo
- Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Functional Nucleic Acid, Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, "the 14th Five-Year Plan" Application Characteristic Discipline of Hunan Province (Clinical Medicine), Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, PR China
| | - Wei Tao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, PR China
| | - Meihua Bao
- Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Functional Nucleic Acid, Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, "the 14th Five-Year Plan" Application Characteristic Discipline of Hunan Province (Clinical Medicine), Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, PR China
| | - Binsheng He
- Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Functional Nucleic Acid, Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, "the 14th Five-Year Plan" Application Characteristic Discipline of Hunan Province (Clinical Medicine), Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, PR China
| | - Guangyi Li
- Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Functional Nucleic Acid, Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, "the 14th Five-Year Plan" Application Characteristic Discipline of Hunan Province (Clinical Medicine), Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, PR China
| | - Jieni Lei
- Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Functional Nucleic Acid, Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, "the 14th Five-Year Plan" Application Characteristic Discipline of Hunan Province (Clinical Medicine), Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, PR China
| | - Yaqian Li
- Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Functional Nucleic Acid, Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, "the 14th Five-Year Plan" Application Characteristic Discipline of Hunan Province (Clinical Medicine), Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, PR China.
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25
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Hsia T, You DG, Politis MG, Batool SM, Ekanayake E, Lee H, Carter BS, Balaj L. Rigorous Comparison of Extracellular Vesicle Processing to Enhance Downstream Analysis for Glioblastoma Characterization. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300233. [PMID: 37670402 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are highly sought after as a source of biomarkers for disease detection and monitoring. Tumor EV isolation, processing, and evaluation from biofluids is convoluted by EV heterogeneity and biological contaminants and is limited by technical processing efficacy. This study rigorously compares common bulk EV isolation workflows (size exclusion chromatography, SEC; membrane affinity, MA) alongside downstream RNA extraction protocols to investigate molecular analyte recovery. EV integrity and recovery is evaluated using a variety of technologies to quantify total intact EVs, total and surface proteins, and RNA purity and recovery. A comprehensive evaluation of each analyte is performed, with a specific emphasis on maintaining user (n = 2), biological (n = 3), and technical replicates (n≥3) under in vitro conditions. Subsequent study of tumor EV spike-in into healthy donor plasma samples is performed to further validate biofluid-derived EV purity and isolation for clinical application. Results show that EV surface integrity is considerably preserved in eluates from SEC-derived EVs, but RNA recovery and purity, as well as bulk protein isolation, is significantly improved in MA-isolated EVs. This study concludes that EV isolation and RNA extraction pipelines govern recovered analyte integrity, necessitating careful selection of processing modality to enhance recovery of the analyte of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffaney Hsia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Dong Gil You
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Michelle Garlin Politis
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Syeda Maheen Batool
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Emil Ekanayake
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Hakho Lee
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Bob S Carter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Leonora Balaj
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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26
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Barreca V, Boussadia Z, Polignano D, Galli L, Tirelli V, Sanchez M, Falchi M, Bertuccini L, Iosi F, Tatti M, Sargiacomo M, Fiani ML. Metabolic labelling of a subpopulation of small extracellular vesicles using a fluorescent palmitic acid analogue. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12392. [PMID: 38072803 PMCID: PMC10710952 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are among the most puzzling vehicles of intercellular communication, but several crucial aspects of their biogenesis remain elusive, primarily due to the difficulty in purifying vesicles with similar sizes and densities. Here we report an effective methodology for labelling small extracellular vesicles (sEV) using Bodipy FL C16, a fluorescent palmitic acid analogue. In this study, we present compelling evidence that the fluorescent sEV population derived from Bodipy C16-labelled cells represents a discrete subpopulation of small exosomes following an intracellular pathway. Rapid cellular uptake and metabolism of Bodipy C16 resulted in the incorporation of fluorescent phospholipids into intracellular organelles specifically excluding the plasma membrane and ultimately becoming part of the exosomal membrane. Importantly, our fluorescence labelling method facilitated accurate quantification and characterization of exosomes, overcoming the limitations of nonspecific dye incorporation into heterogeneous vesicle populations. The characterization of Bodipy-labelled exosomes reveals their enrichment in tetraspanin markers, particularly CD63 and CD81, and in minor proportion CD9. Moreover, we employed nanoFACS sorting and electron microscopy to confirm the exosomal nature of Bodipy-labelled vesicles. This innovative metabolic labelling approach, based on the fate of a fatty acid, offers new avenues for investigating exosome biogenesis and functional properties in various physiological and pathological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Barreca
- National Center for Global HealthIstituto Superiore di SanitàRomeItaly
| | | | - Deborah Polignano
- National Center for Global HealthIstituto Superiore di SanitàRomeItaly
| | - Lorenzo Galli
- National Center for Global HealthIstituto Superiore di SanitàRomeItaly
| | | | | | - Mario Falchi
- National AIDS CenterIstituto Superiore di SanitàRomeItaly
| | | | | | - Massimo Tatti
- Department of Oncology and Molecular MedicineIstituto Superiore di SanitàRomeItaly
| | | | - Maria Luisa Fiani
- National Center for Global HealthIstituto Superiore di SanitàRomeItaly
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27
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Altıntaş Ö, Saylan Y. Exploring the Versatility of Exosomes: A Review on Isolation, Characterization, Detection Methods, and Diverse Applications. Anal Chem 2023; 95:16029-16048. [PMID: 37874907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are crucial mediators of intercellular communication and can be classified based on their physical properties, biomolecular structure, and origin. Among EVs, exosomes have garnered significant attention due to their potential as therapeutic and diagnostic tools. Exosomes are released via fusion of multivesicular bodies on plasma membranes and can be isolated from various biofluids using methods such as differential ultracentrifugation, immune affinity capture, ultrafiltration, and size exclusion chromatography. Herein, an overview of different techniques for exosome characterization and isolation, as well as the diverse applications of exosome detection, including their potential use in drug delivery and disease diagnosis, is provided. Additionally, we discuss the emerging field of exosome detection by sensors, which offers an up-and-coming avenue for point-of-care diagnostic tools development. Overall, this review aims to provide a exhaustive and up-to-date summary of the current state of exosome research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Altıntaş
- Hacettepe University, Department of Chemistry, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yeşeren Saylan
- Hacettepe University, Department of Chemistry, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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28
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Wang Y, Gao W, Sun M, Feng B, Shen H, Zhu J, Chen X, Yu S. A filter-electrochemical microfluidic chip for multiple surface protein analysis of exosomes to detect and classify breast cancer. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 239:115590. [PMID: 37607449 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a complex disease with high variability and no specific tumor markers available for diagnosis. Exosomes contain rich maternal tumor information and are a novel non-invasive biomarker with the potential for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. However, analysis of exosomal protein markers in blood samples is challenging due to lengthy sample workups and insufficient sensitivity. To address this difficulty, we developed a novel filter-electrochemical microfluidic chip (FEMC) to detect and classify BC directly in whole blood without requiring heavy purification methods. In our system, exosome enrichment was performed using a dual filtration system. The target was directed through a curved channel onto four screen-printed electrodes (SPEs), where it was captured by the previously modified antibodies. Simultaneously, Zr-MOFs encapsulated with a large number of methylene blue molecules (MB@UiO-66) were absorbed on the surface of exosomes due to the high affinity for phosphate groups. This process leads to the amplification of electrical signals. The approach demonstrated that the utilization of BC exosome-associated tumor biomarkers (i.e., PMSA, EGFR, CD81, and CEA), enabled the classification of various BC mouse models samples and clinical BC samples. The entire FEMC assay was completed in 1 h with a limit of detection of 1 × 104 particles/mL. Thus, the FEMC assay can provide real-time detection information, allowing timely and better-informed opportunities for clinical BC diagnosis and typing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Wang
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, 315211, China; Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Wenjing Gao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Min Sun
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, 315211, China; Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Hao Shen
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, 315211, China; Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Jianhua Zhu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
| | - Xueqin Chen
- Department of Traditional Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
| | - Shaoning Yu
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, 315211, China; Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
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29
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Islam MS, Gopalan V, Lam AK, Shiddiky MJA. Current advances in detecting genetic and epigenetic biomarkers of colorectal cancer. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 239:115611. [PMID: 37619478 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the third most common cancer in terms of diagnosis and the second in terms of mortality. Recent studies have shown that various proteins, extracellular vesicles (i.e., exosomes), specific genetic variants, gene transcripts, cell-free DNA (cfDNA), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and altered epigenetic patterns, can be used to detect, and assess the prognosis of CRC. Over the last decade, a plethora of conventional methodologies (e.g., polymerase chain reaction [PCR], direct sequencing, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA], microarray, in situ hybridization) as well as advanced analytical methodologies (e.g., microfluidics, electrochemical biosensors, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy [SERS]) have been developed for analyzing genetic and epigenetic biomarkers using both optical and non-optical tools. Despite these methodologies, no gold standard detection method has yet been implemented that can analyze CRC with high specificity and sensitivity in an inexpensive, simple, and time-efficient manner. Moreover, until now, no study has critically reviewed the advantages and limitations of these methodologies. Here, an overview of the most used genetic and epigenetic biomarkers for CRC and their detection methods are discussed. Furthermore, a summary of the major biological, technical, and clinical challenges and advantages/limitations of existing techniques is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sajedul Islam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine & Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - Vinod Gopalan
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine & Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia.
| | - Alfred K Lam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine & Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia; Pathology Queensland, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, QLD, 4215, Australia
| | - Muhammad J A Shiddiky
- Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, 2800, Australia.
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30
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Zhang Y, Zhao L, Li Y, Wan S, Yuan Z, Zu G, Peng F, Ding X. Advanced extracellular vesicle bioinformatic nanomaterials: from enrichment, decoding to clinical diagnostics. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:366. [PMID: 37798669 PMCID: PMC10557264 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02127-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane nanoarchitectures generated by cells that carry a variety of biomolecules, including DNA, RNA, proteins and metabolites. These characteristics make them attractive as circulating bioinformatic nanocabinets for liquid biopsy. Recent advances on EV biology and biogenesis demonstrate that EVs serve as highly important cellular surrogates involved in a wide range of diseases, opening up new frontiers for modern diagnostics. However, inefficient methods for EV enrichment, as well as low sensitivity of EV bioinformatic decoding technologies, hinder the use of EV nanocabinet for clinical diagnosis. To overcome these challenges, new EV nanotechnology is being actively developed to promote the clinical translation of EV diagnostics. This article aims to present the emerging enrichment strategies and bioinformatic decoding platforms for EV analysis, and their applications as bioinformatic nanomaterials in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yaocheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shuangshuang Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhiyao Yuan
- Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Guangyue Zu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Fei Peng
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Xianguang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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31
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Feng J, Yao Y, Wang Q, Han X, Deng X, Cao Y, Chen X, Zhou M, Zhao C. Exosomes: Potential key players towards novel therapeutic options in diabetic wounds. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115297. [PMID: 37562235 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic wounds are usually difficult to heal, and wounds in foot in particular are often aggravated by infection, trauma, diabetic neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease and other factors, resulting in serious foot ulcers. The pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of diabetic wounds are complicated, and there is still a lack of objective and in-depth laboratory diagnosis and classification standards. Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles containing DNA, mRNA, microRNA, cyclic RNA, metabolites, lipids, cytoplasm and cell surface proteins, etc., which are involved in intercellular communication and play a crucial role in vascular regeneration, tissue repair and inflammation regulation in the process of diabetic wound healing. Here, we discussed exosomes of different cellular origins, such as diabetic wound-related fibroblasts (DWAF), adipose stem cells (ASCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), immune cells, platelets, human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs), epidermal stem cells (ESCs), and their various molecular components. They exhibit multiple therapeutic effects during diabetic wound healing, including promoting cell proliferation and migration associated with wound healing, regulating macrophage polarization to inhibit inflammatory responses, promoting nerve repair, and promoting vascular renewal and accelerating wound vascularization. In addition, exosomes can be designed to deliver different therapeutic loads and have the ability to deliver them to the desired target. Therefore, exosomes may become an innovative target for precision therapeutics in diabetic wounds. In this review, we summarize the latest research on the role of exosomes in the healing of diabetic wound by regulating the pathogenesis of diabetic wounds, and discuss their potential applications in the precision treatment of diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Feng
- Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Yichen Yao
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qixue Wang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaozhou Han
- Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Xiaofei Deng
- Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Yemin Cao
- Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Xinghua Chen
- Jinshan Hospital Afflicted to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Mingmei Zhou
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China.
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32
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Chen K, Duong BTV, Ahmed SU, Dhavarasa P, Wang Z, Labib M, Flynn C, Xu J, Zhang YY, Wang H, Yang X, Das J, Zargartalebi H, Ma Y, Kelley SO. A magneto-activated nanoscale cytometry platform for molecular profiling of small extracellular vesicles. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5576. [PMID: 37696888 PMCID: PMC10495366 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41285-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomal PD-L1 (exoPD-L1) has recently received significant attention as a biomarker predicting immunotherapeutic responses involving the PD1/PD-L1 pathway. However, current technologies for exosomal analysis rely primarily on bulk measurements that do not consider the heterogeneity found within exosomal subpopulations. Here, we present a nanoscale cytometry platform NanoEPIC, enabling phenotypic sorting and exoPD-L1 profiling from blood plasma. We highlight the efficacy of NanoEPIC in monitoring anti-PD-1 immunotherapy through the interrogation of exoPD-L1. NanoEPIC generates signature exoPD-L1 patterns in responders and non-responders. In mice treated with PD1-targeted immunotherapy, exoPD-L1 is correlated with tumor growth, PD-L1 burden in tumors, and the immune suppression of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) with different PD-L1 expression levels display distinctive inhibitory effects on CD8 + T cells. NanoEPIC offers robust, high-throughput profiling of exosomal markers, enabling sEV subpopulation analysis. This platform holds the potential for enhanced cancer screening, personalized treatment, and therapeutic response monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangfu Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bill T V Duong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sharif U Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Zongjie Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Mahmoud Labib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Peninsula Medical School, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Connor Flynn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Jingya Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yi Y Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hansen Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jagotamoy Das
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Hossein Zargartalebi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yuan Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shana O Kelley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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33
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Jo A, Green A, Medina JE, Iyer S, Ohman AW, McCarthy ET, Reinhardt F, Gerton T, Demehin D, Mishra R, Kolin DL, Zheng H, Cheon J, Crum CP, Weinberg RA, Rueda BR, Castro CM, Dinulescu DM, Lee H. Inaugurating High-Throughput Profiling of Extracellular Vesicles for Earlier Ovarian Cancer Detection. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301930. [PMID: 37485618 PMCID: PMC10520636 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Detecting early cancer through liquid biopsy is challenging due to the lack of specific biomarkers for early lesions and potentially low levels of these markers. The current study systematically develops an extracellular-vesicle (EV)-based test for early detection, specifically focusing on high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC). The marker selection is based on emerging insights into HGSOC pathogenesis, notably that it arises from precursor lesions within the fallopian tube. This work thus establishes murine fallopian tube (mFT) cells with oncogenic mutations and performs proteomic analyses on mFT-derived EVs. The identified markers are then evaluated with an orthotopic HGSOC animal model. In serially-drawn blood of tumor-bearing mice, mFT-EV markers increase with tumor initiation, supporting their potential use in early cancer detection. A pilot clinical study (n = 51) further narrows EV markers to five candidates, EpCAM, CD24, VCAN, HE4, and TNC. The combined expression of these markers distinguishes HGSOC from non-cancer with 89% sensitivity and 93% specificity. The same markers are also effective in classifying three groups (non-cancer, early-stage HGSOC, and late-stage HGSOC). The developed approach, for the first time inaugurated in fallopian tube-derived EVs, could be a minimally invasive tool to monitor women at high risk of ovarian cancer for timely intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala Jo
- Center for Systems BiologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
- Department of RadiologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
- Center for NanomedicineInstitute for Basic ScienceSeoul03722Republic of Korea
| | - Allen Green
- Division of Women's and Perinatal PathologyDepartment of PathologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Jamie E. Medina
- Division of Women's and Perinatal PathologyDepartment of PathologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Sonia Iyer
- Whitehead InstituteMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02142USA
| | - Anders W. Ohman
- Division of Women's and Perinatal PathologyDepartment of PathologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Eric T. McCarthy
- Division of Women's and Perinatal PathologyDepartment of PathologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Ferenc Reinhardt
- Whitehead InstituteMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02142USA
| | - Thomas Gerton
- Division of Women's and Perinatal PathologyDepartment of PathologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Daniel Demehin
- Division of Women's and Perinatal PathologyDepartment of PathologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Ranjan Mishra
- Whitehead InstituteMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02142USA
| | - David L. Kolin
- Division of Women's and Perinatal PathologyDepartment of PathologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Hui Zheng
- Biostatistics CenterMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA02114USA
| | - Jinwoo Cheon
- Center for NanomedicineInstitute for Basic ScienceSeoul03722Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher P. Crum
- Division of Women's and Perinatal PathologyDepartment of PathologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Robert A. Weinberg
- Whitehead InstituteMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02142USA
| | - Bo R. Rueda
- Division of Gynecologic OncologyDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA02114USA
| | - Cesar M. Castro
- Center for Systems BiologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
- Cancer CenterMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
| | - Daniela M. Dinulescu
- Division of Women's and Perinatal PathologyDepartment of PathologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Hakho Lee
- Center for Systems BiologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
- Department of RadiologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
- Center for NanomedicineInstitute for Basic ScienceSeoul03722Republic of Korea
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Li C, Hu Y. Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Cell-Free Therapy for Intrauterine Adhesion. Int J Stem Cells 2023; 16:260-268. [PMID: 37385632 PMCID: PMC10465336 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc21177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine adhesion (IUA) can occur after trauma to the basal layer of the endometrium, contributing to severe complications in females, such as infertility and amenorrhea. To date, the proposed therapeutic strategies are targeted to relieve IUA, such as hysteroscopic adhesiolysis, Foley catheter balloon, and hyaluronic acid injection have been applied in the clinic. However, these approaches showed limited effects in alleviating endometrial fibrosis and thin endometrium. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can offer the potential for endometrium regeneration owing to reduce inflammation and release growth factors. On this basis, MSCs have been proposed as promising methods to treat intrauterine adhesion. However, due to the drawbacks of cell therapy, the possible therapeutic use of extracellular vesicles released by stem cells is raising increasing interest. The paracrine effect, mediated by MSCs derived extracellular vehicles (MSC-EVs), has recently been suggested as a mechanism for their therapeutic properties. Here, we summarizes the main pathological mechanisms involved in intrauterine adhesion, the biogenesis and characteristics of extracellular vesicles, explaining how these vesicles could provide new opportunities for MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Gynecology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Gynecology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanjing Hu
- Department of Gynecology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin, China
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35
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Fu J, Gao Q, Li S. Application of Intelligent Medical Sensing Technology. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:812. [PMID: 37622898 PMCID: PMC10452530 DOI: 10.3390/bios13080812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
With the popularization of intelligent sensing and the improvement of modern medical technology, intelligent medical sensing technology has emerged as the times require. This technology combines basic disciplines such as physics, mathematics, and materials with modern technologies such as semiconductors, integrated circuits, and artificial intelligence, and has become one of the most promising in the medical field. The core of intelligent medical sensor technology is to make existing medical sensors intelligent, portable, and wearable with full consideration of ergonomics and sensor power consumption issues in order to conform to the current trends in cloud medicine, personalized medicine, and health monitoring. With the development of automation and intelligence in measurement and control systems, it is required that sensors have high accuracy, reliability, and stability, as well as certain data processing capabilities, self-checking, self-calibration, and self-compensation, while traditional medical sensors cannot meet such requirements. In addition, to manufacture high-performance sensors, it is also difficult to improve the material process alone, and it is necessary to combine computer technology with sensor technology to make up for its performance shortcomings. Intelligent medical sensing technology combines medical sensors with microprocessors to produce powerful intelligent medical sensors. Based on the original sensor functions, intelligent medical sensors also have functions such as self-compensation, self-calibration, self-diagnosis, numerical processing, two-way communication, information storage, and digital output. This review focuses on the application of intelligent medical sensing technology in biomedical sensing detection from three aspects: physical sensor, chemical sensor, and biosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shuang Li
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (J.F.); (Q.G.)
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36
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Chen Y, Zhang S, Lu J, Li D, Wu H, Zhang L, Li X, Gao X, Xu Y, Zeng Z, Zeng L, Ding X, Li X, Ding S. DNA-Guided Extracellular-Vesicle Metallization with High Catalytic Activity for Accurate Diagnosis of Pulmonary Nodules. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2208142. [PMID: 37066711 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202208142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive and specific analysis of extracellular vesicles (EVs) offers a promising minimally invasive way to identify malignant pulmonary nodules from benign lesions. However, accurate analysis of EVs is subject to free target proteins in blood samples, which compromises the clinical diagnosis value of EVs. Here a DNA-guided extracellular-vesicle metallization (DEVM) strategy is described for ultrasensitive and specific analysis of EV protein biomarkers and classification of pulmonary nodules. The facile DEVM process mainly includes the incorporation of DNA labeled with cholesterol and thiol groups into EV membranes and subsequent deposition of Au3+ and Pt4+ to allow the DNA-functionalized EVs to be encapsulated with AuPt nanoshells. It is found that the synthesized AuPt-metallized EVs possess extrinsic peroxidase-like activity. Utilizing the feature of the catalytic metal nanoshells just growth on the EV membranes, the DEVM method enables multiparametric recognition of target proteins and EV membranes and can produce an amplified colorimetric signal, avoiding the interference of free proteins. By profiling four surface proteins of EVs from 48 patients with pulmonary nodules, the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.9983) is obtained. Therefore, this work provides a feasible EVs analysis tool for accurate pulmonary nodules management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Songzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Haiping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zijie Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Li Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaojuan Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xinmin Li
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shijia Ding
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
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37
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Luna R, Heineck D, Hinestrosa JP, Dobrovolskia I, Hamilton S, Malakian A, Gustafson KT, Huynh KT, Kim S, Ware J, Stimson E, Ross C, Schutt CE, Ibsen SD. Enhancement of dielectrophoresis-based particle collection from high conducting fluids due to partial electrode insulation. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:1234-1246. [PMID: 37431197 PMCID: PMC10656105 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is a successful method to recover nanoparticles from different types of fluid. The DEP force acting on these particles is created by an electrode microarray that produces a nonuniform electric field. To apply DEP to a highly conducting biological fluid, a protective hydrogel coating over the metal electrodes is required to create a barrier between the electrode and the fluid. This protects the electrodes, reduces the electrolysis of water, and allows the electric field to penetrate into the fluid sample. We observed that the protective hydrogel layer can separate from the electrode and form a closed domed structure and that collection of 100 nm polystyrene beads increased when this occurred. To better understand this collection increase, we used COMSOL Multiphysics software to model the electric field in the presence of the dome filled with different materials ranging from low-conducting gas to high conducting phosphate-buffered saline fluids. The results suggest that as the electrical conductivity of the material inside the dome is reduced, the whole dome acts as an insulator which increases electric field intensity at the electrode edge. This increased intensity widens the high-intensity electric field factor zone resulting in increased collection. This informs how dome formation results in increased particle collection and provides insight into how the electric field can be intensified to the increase collection of particles. These results have important applications for increasing the recovery of biologically-derived nanoparticles from undiluted physiological fluids that have high conductance, including the collection of cancer-derived extracellular vesicles from plasma for liquid biopsy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Luna
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, USA
- Biological Dynamics, San Diego CA, USA
| | - Daniel Heineck
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, USA
| | | | | | - Sean Hamilton
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, USA
| | - Anna Malakian
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, USA
| | - Kyle T. Gustafson
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, USA
| | - Katherine T. Huynh
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, USA
| | - Sejung Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Clean Energy Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekjedae-ro, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, South Korea
| | - Jason Ware
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, USA
| | - Ella Stimson
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, USA
| | - Christian Ross
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, USA
| | - Carolyn E. Schutt
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, USA
| | - Stuart D. Ibsen
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, USA
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38
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Kozhevnikova D, Chernyshev V, Yashchenok A. Progress in Isolation and Molecular Profiling of Small Extracellular Vesicles via Bead-Assisted Platforms. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:688. [PMID: 37504087 PMCID: PMC10377709 DOI: 10.3390/bios13070688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Tremendous interest in research of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) is driven by the participation of vesicles in a number of biological processes in the human body. Being released by almost all cells of the body, sEVs present in complex bodily fluids form the so-called intercellular communication network. The isolation and profiling of individual fractions of sEVs secreted by pathological cells are significant in revealing their physiological functions and clinical importance. Traditional methods for isolation and purification of sEVs from bodily fluids are facing a number of challenges, such as low yield, presence of contaminants, long-term operation and high costs, which restrict their routine practical applications. Methods providing a high yield of sEVs with a low content of impurities are actively developing. Bead-assisted platforms are very effective for trapping sEVs with high recovery yield and sufficient purity for further molecular profiling. Here, we review recent advances in the enrichment of sEVs via bead-assisted platforms emphasizing the type of binding sEVs to the bead surface, sort of capture and target ligands and isolation performance. Further, we discuss integration-based technologies for the capture and detection of sEVs as well as future research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Kozhevnikova
- Skoltech Center for Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Skolkovo Innovation Center, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasiliy Chernyshev
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Yashchenok
- Skoltech Center for Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Skolkovo Innovation Center, 121205 Moscow, Russia
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Ngo L, Pham LQA, Tukova A, Hassanzadeh-Barforoushi A, Zhang W, Wang Y. Emerging integrated SERS-microfluidic devices for analysis of cancer-derived small extracellular vesicles. LAB ON A CHIP 2023. [PMID: 37314042 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00156c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are specific subgroups of lipid bilayer vesicles secreted from cancer cells to the extracellular environment. They carry distinct biomolecules (e.g., proteins, lipids and nucleic acids) from their parent cancer cells. Therefore, the analysis of cancer-derived sEVs can provide valuable information for cancer diagnosis. However, the use of cancer-derived sEVs in clinics is still limited due to their small size, low amounts in circulating fluids, and heterogeneous molecular features, making their isolation and analysis challenging. Recently, microfluidic technology has gained great attention for its ability to isolate sEVs in minimal volume. In addition, microfluidics allows the isolation and detection of sEVs to be integrated into a single device, offering new opportunities for clinical application. Among various detection techniques, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has emerged as a promising candidate for integrating with microfluidic devices due to its ultra-sensitivity, stability, rapid readout, and multiplexing capability. In this tutorial review, we start with the design of microfluidics devices for isolation of sEVs and introduce the key factors to be considered for the design, and then discuss the integration of SERS and microfluidic devices by providing descriptive examples of the currently developed platforms. Lastly, we discuss the current limitations and provide our insights for utilising integrated SERS-microfluidics to isolate and analyse cancer-derived sEVs in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Ngo
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Le Que Anh Pham
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Anastasiia Tukova
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | | | - Wei Zhang
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Yuling Wang
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia.
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40
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Sharafeldin M, Yan S, Jiang C, Tofaris GK, Davis JJ. Alternating Magnetic Field-Promoted Nanoparticle Mixing: The On-Chip Immunocapture of Serum Neuronal Exosomes for Parkinson's Disease Diagnostics. Anal Chem 2023; 95:7906-7913. [PMID: 37167073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of cargo proteins in exosome subpopulations has considerable value in diagnostics but a translatable impact has been limited by lengthy or complex exosome extraction protocols. We describe herein a scalable, fast, and low-cost exosome extraction using an alternating (AC) magnetic field to support the dynamic mixing of antibody-coated magnetic beads (MBs) with serum samples within 3D-printed microfluidic chips. Zwitterionic polymer-coated MBs are, specifically, magnetically agitated and support ultraclean exosome capture efficiencies >70% from <50 μL of neat serum in 30 min. Applied herein to the immunocapture of neuronal exosomes using anti-L1CAM antibodies, prior to the array-based assaying of α-synuclein (α-syn) content by a standard duplex electrochemical sandwich ELISA, sub pg/mL detection was possible with an excellent coefficient of variation and a sample-to-answer time of ∼75 min. The high performance and semiautomation of this approach hold promise in underpinning low-cost Parkinson's disease diagnostics and is of value in exosomal biomarker analyses more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Sharafeldin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Shijun Yan
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, U.K
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K
| | - Cheng Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, U.K
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K
| | - George K Tofaris
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, U.K
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K
| | - Jason J Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
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41
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Khaksari S, Abnous K, Hadizadeh F, Ramezani M, Taghdisi SM, Mousavi Shaegh SA. Signal amplification strategies in biosensing of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Talanta 2023; 256:124244. [PMID: 36640707 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed vesicles secreted from mammalian cells. EVs act as multicomponent delivery vehicles to carry a wide variety of biological molecular information and participate in intercellular communications. Since elevated levels of EVs are associated with some pathological states such as inflammatory diseases and cancers, probing circulating EVs holds a great potential for early diagnostics. To this end, several detection methods have been developed in which biosensors have attracted great attentions in identification of EVs due to their simple instrumentation, versatile design and portability for point-of-care applications. The concentrations of EVs in bodily fluids are extremely low (i.e. 1-100 per μl) at early stages of a disease, which necessitates the use of signal amplification strategies for EVs detection. In this way, this review presents and discusses various amplification strategies for EVs biosensors based on detection modalities including surface plasmon resonance (SPR), calorimetry, fluorescence, electrochemical and electrochemiluminescence (ECL). In addition, microfluidic systems employed for signal amplification are reviewed and discussed in terms of their design and integration with the detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedighe Khaksari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Laboratory of Microfluidics and Medical Microsystems, Bu Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Farzin Hadizadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mohammad Taghdisi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Seyed Ali Mousavi Shaegh
- Orthopedic Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Clinical Research Unit, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Laboratory of Microfluidics and Medical Microsystems, Bu Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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42
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Hsu CC, Yang Y, Kannisto E, Zeng X, Yu G, Patnaik SK, Dy GK, Reid ME, Gan Q, Wu Y. Simultaneous Detection of Tumor Derived Exosomal Protein-MicroRNA Pairs with an Exo-PROS Biosensor for Cancer Diagnosis. ACS NANO 2023; 17:8108-8122. [PMID: 37129374 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Tumor derived exosomes (TEXs) have emerged as promising biomarkers for cancer liquid biopsy. Conventional methods (such as ELISA and qRT-PCR) and emerging biosensing technologies mainly detect a single type of exosomal biomarker due to the distinct properties of different biomolecules. Sensitive detection of two different types of TEX biomarkers, i.e., protein and microRNA combined biomarkers, may greatly improve cancer diagnostic accuracy. We developed an exosome protein microRNA one-stop (Exo-PROS) biosensor that not only selectively captured TEXs but also enabled in situ, simultaneous detection of TEX protein-microRNA pairs via a surface plasmon resonance mechanism. Exo-PROS assay is a fast, reliable, low sample consumption, and user-friendly test. With a total of 175 cancer patients and normal controls, we demonstrated that TEX protein-microRNA pairs measured by Exo-PROS assay detected lung cancer and breast cancer with 99% and 96% accuracy, respectively. Exo-PROS assay also showed superior diagnostic performance to conventional ELISA and qRT-PCR methods. Our results demonstrated that Exo-PROS assay is a potent liquid biopsy assay for cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Chieh Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Yunchen Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Eric Kannisto
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Street, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Xie Zeng
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Guan Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Santosh K Patnaik
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Street, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Grace K Dy
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Street, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Mary E Reid
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Street, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Qiaoqiang Gan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
- Materials Science Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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43
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Clack K, Soda N, Kasetsirikul S, Mahmudunnabi RG, Nguyen NT, Shiddiky MJA. Toward Personalized Nanomedicine: The Critical Evaluation of Micro and Nanodevices for Cancer Biomarker Analysis in Liquid Biopsy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205856. [PMID: 36631277 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy for the analysis of circulating cancer biomarkers (CBs) is a major advancement toward the early detection of cancer. In comparison to tissue biopsy techniques, liquid biopsy is relatively painless, offering multiple sampling opportunities across easily accessible bodily fluids such as blood, urine, and saliva. Liquid biopsy is also relatively inexpensive and simple, avoiding the requirement for specialized laboratory equipment or trained medical staff. Major advances in the field of liquid biopsy are attributed largely to developments in nanotechnology and microfabrication that enables the creation of highly precise chip-based platforms. These devices can overcome detection limitations of an individual biomarker by detecting multiple markers simultaneously on the same chip, or by featuring integrated and combined target separation techniques. In this review, the major advances in the field of portable and semi-portable micro, nano, and multiplexed platforms for CB detection for the early diagnosis of cancer are highlighted. A comparative discussion is also provided, noting merits and drawbacks of the platforms, especially in terms of portability. Finally, key challenges toward device portability and possible solutions, as well as discussing the future direction of the field are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley Clack
- School of Environment and Science (ESC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Narshone Soda
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Surasak Kasetsirikul
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Rabbee G Mahmudunnabi
- School of Environment and Science (ESC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Muhammad J A Shiddiky
- School of Environment and Science (ESC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
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Natalia A, Zhang L, Sundah NR, Zhang Y, Shao H. Analytical device miniaturization for the detection of circulating biomarkers. NATURE REVIEWS BIOENGINEERING 2023; 1:1-18. [PMID: 37359772 PMCID: PMC10064972 DOI: 10.1038/s44222-023-00050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Diverse (sub)cellular materials are secreted by cells into the systemic circulation at different stages of disease progression. These circulating biomarkers include whole cells, such as circulating tumour cells, subcellular extracellular vesicles and cell-free factors such as DNA, RNA and proteins. The biophysical and biomolecular state of circulating biomarkers carry a rich repertoire of molecular information that can be captured in the form of liquid biopsies for disease detection and monitoring. In this Review, we discuss miniaturized platforms that allow the minimally invasive and rapid detection and analysis of circulating biomarkers, accounting for their differences in size, concentration and molecular composition. We examine differently scaled materials and devices that can enrich, measure and analyse specific circulating biomarkers, outlining their distinct detection challenges. Finally, we highlight emerging opportunities in biomarker and device integration and provide key future milestones for their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auginia Natalia
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Noah R. Sundah
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huilin Shao
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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45
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Zhuang L, You Q, Su X, Chang Z, Ge M, Mei Q, Yang L, Dong W, Li L. High-Performance Detection of Exosomes Based on Synergistic Amplification of Amino-Functionalized Fe 3O 4 Nanoparticles and Two-Dimensional MXene Nanosheets. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:3508. [PMID: 37050576 PMCID: PMC10099274 DOI: 10.3390/s23073508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes derived from cancer cells have been recognized as a promising biomarker for minimally invasive liquid biopsy. Herein, a novel sandwich-type biosensor was fabricated for highly sensitive detection of exosomes. Amino-functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized as a sensing interface with a large surface area and rapid enrichment capacity, while two-dimensional MXene nanosheets were used as signal amplifiers with excellent electrical properties. Specifically, CD63 aptamer attached Fe3O4 nanoprobes capture the target exosomes. MXene nanosheets modified with epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) aptamer were tethered on the electrode surface to enhance the quantification of exosomes captured with the detection of remaining protein sites. With such a design, the proposed biosensor showed a wide linear range from 102 particles μL-1 to 107 particles μL-1 for sensing 4T1 exosomes, with a low detection limit of 43 particles μL-1. In addition, this sensing platform can determine four different tumor cell types (4T1, Hela, HepG2, and A549) using surface proteins corresponding to aptamers 1 and 2 (CD63 and EpCAM) and showcases good specificity in serum samples. These preliminary results demonstrate the feasibility of establishing a sensitive, accurate, and inexpensive electrochemical sensor for detecting exosome concentrations and species. Moreover, they provide a significant reference for exosome applications in clinical settings, such as liquid biopsy and early cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhuang
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Qiannan You
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Xue Su
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Zhimin Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Mingfeng Ge
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Qian Mei
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Li Yang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Wenfei Dong
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
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46
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Shaabani N, Meira SR, Marcet-Palacios M, Kulka M. Multiparametric Biosensors for Characterizing Extracellular Vesicle Subpopulations. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:387-398. [PMID: 36926451 PMCID: PMC10012251 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are an important intercellular communication conduit for cells that have applications in precision therapy and targeted drug delivery. Small EVs, or exosomes, are a 30-150 nm phospholipid-encased subpopulation of EVs that are particularly difficult to characterize due to their small size and because they are difficult to isolate using conventional methods. In this review, we discuss some recent advances in exosome isolation, purification, and sensing platforms using microfluidics, acoustics, and size exclusion chromatography. We discuss some of the challenges and unanswered questions with respect to understanding exosome size heterogeneity and how modern biosensor technology can be applied to exosome isolation. In addition, we discuss how some advancements in sensing platforms such as colorimetric, fluorescent, electronic, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and Raman spectroscopy may be applied to exosome detection in multiparametric systems. The application of cryogenic electron tomography and microscopy to understanding exosome ultrastructure will become vital as this field progresses. In conclusion, we speculate on some future needs in the exosome research field and how these technologies could be applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Shaabani
- Nanotechnology
Research Centre, National Research Council
Canada, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Sabrina Rodrigues Meira
- Nanotechnology
Research Centre, National Research Council
Canada, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
- Department
of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | | | - Marianna Kulka
- Nanotechnology
Research Centre, National Research Council
Canada, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
- Department
of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
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47
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Yu Z, Qiu C, Huang L, Gao Y, Tang D. Microelectromechanical Microsystems-Supported Photothermal Immunoassay for Point-of-Care Testing of Aflatoxin B1 in Foodstuff. Anal Chem 2023; 95:4212-4219. [PMID: 36780374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Accurate identification of acutely toxic and low-fatality mycotoxins on a large scale in a quick and cheap manner is critical for reducing population mortality. Herein, a portable photothermal immunosensing platform supported by a microelectromechanical microsystem (MEMS) without enzyme involvement was reported for point-of-care testing of mycotoxins (in the case of aflatoxin B1, AFB1) in food based on the precise satellite structure of Au nanoparticles. The synthesized Au nanoparticles with a well-defined, graded satellite structure exhibited a significantly enhanced photothermal response and were coupled by AFB1 antibodies to form signal conversion probes by physisorption for further target-promoted competitive responses in microplates. In addition, a coin-sized miniature NIR camera device was constructed for temperature acquisition during target testing based on advanced MEMS fabrication technology to address the limitation of expensive signal acquisition components of current photothermal sensors. The proposed MEMS readout-based microphotothermal test method provides excellent AFB1 response in the range of 0.5-500 ng g-1 with detection limits as low as 0.27 ng g-1. In addition, the main reasons for the efficient photothermal transduction efficiency of Au with different graded structures were analyzed by finite element simulations, providing theoretical guidance for the development of new Au-based photothermal agents. In conclusion, the proposed portable micro-photothermal test system offers great potential for point-of-care diagnostics for residents, which will continue to facilitate immediate food safety identification in resource-limited regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology (MOE & Fujian Province), Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Chicheng Qiu
- Zijin School of Geology and Mining, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingting Huang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology (MOE & Fujian Province), Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology (MOE & Fujian Province), Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Dianping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology (MOE & Fujian Province), Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
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48
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Su X, Liu X, Xie Y, Chen M, Zheng C, Zhong H, Li M. Integrated SERS-Vertical Flow Biosensor Enabling Multiplexed Quantitative Profiling of Serological Exosomal Proteins in Patients for Accurate Breast Cancer Subtyping. ACS NANO 2023; 17:4077-4088. [PMID: 36758150 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Protein profiles of exosomes (EXOs) in clinical samples of cancer patients have become a promising diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker. However, simultaneous quantitative analysis of multiple exosomal proteins of interest remains challenging. To address the unmet need, we develop a paper-based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-vertical flow biosensor, named iREX (integrated Raman spectroscopic EXO) biosensor, for multiplexed quantitative profiling of exosomal proteins in clinical serum samples of patients. Utilizing this iREX biosensor, we are able to quantitatively profile MUC1, HER2 and CEA in EXO samples derived from various breast cancer cell subtypes. The results show discriminative expression profiles of the three exosomal proteins in these cell subtypes, which allows for accurate diagnosis and molecular subtyping of breast cancer. We further validate the clinical utility of the iREX biosensor for simultaneous quantitative analysis of MUC1, HER2 and CEA in patient's blood serums, thereby aiding in noninvasive breast cancer subtyping and longitudinal treatment monitoring. Our iREX biosensor integrating the SERS detection in a vertical flow diagnostic device offers great advantages of high sensitivity, molecular specificity, powerful multiplexing capability, and high diagnostic accuracy. We believe that the iREX biosensor could be a promising clinical tool for comprehensive analysis of exosomal proteins in clinical samples for personalized diagnosis and precise management of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Su
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Yangcenzi Xie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Mingyang Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Hong Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
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49
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Dezhakam E, Khalilzadeh B, Mahdipour M, Isildak I, Yousefi H, Ahmadi M, Naseri A, Rahbarghazi R. Electrochemical biosensors in exosome analysis; a short journey to the present and future trends in early-stage evaluation of cancers. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 222:114980. [PMID: 36521207 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment consists of a multiplicity of cells such as cancer cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells within the specific parenchyma. It has been indicated that cancer cells can educate other cells within the tumor niche in a paracrine manner by the release of nano-sized extracellular vesicles namely exosomes (Exo), resulting in accelerated tumor mass growth. It is suggested that exosomal cargo with remarkable information can reflect any changes in metabolic and proteomic profiles in parent tumor cells. Therefore, exosomes can be touted as prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic elements with specific biomarkers in patients with different tumor types. Despite the advantages, conventional exosome separation and purification protocols are time-consuming and laborious with low abnormal morphology and purity rate. During the last decades, biosensor-based modalities, as emerging instruments, have been used to detect and analyze Exo in biofluids. Due to suitable specificity, sensitivity, and real-time readout, biosensors became promising approaches for the analysis of Exo in in vitro and in vivo settings. The inherent advantages and superiority of electrochemical biosensors in the determination of tumor grade based on exosomal cargo and profile were also debated. Present and future challenges were also discussed related to the application of electrochemical biosensors in the clinical setting. In this review, the early detection of several cancer types associated with ovaries, breast, brain, colon, lungs, T and B lymphocytes, liver and rare types of cancers were debated in association with released exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Dezhakam
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Balal Khalilzadeh
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Mahdipour
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Ibrahim Isildak
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Chemistry-Metallurgy, Yildiz Technical University, 34220, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hadi Yousefi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran
| | - Mahdi Ahmadi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abdolhossein Naseri
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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50
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Yildizhan Y, Driessens K, Tsao HSK, Boiy R, Thomas D, Geukens N, Hendrix A, Lammertyn J, Spasic D. Detection of Breast Cancer-Specific Extracellular Vesicles with Fiber-Optic SPR Biosensor. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043764. [PMID: 36835174 PMCID: PMC9966403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted great attention as potential biomarkers for cancer diagnostics. Although several technologies have been developed for EV detection, many of them are still not applicable to clinical settings as they rely on complex EV isolation processes, while lacking sensitivity, specificity or standardization. To solve this problem, we have developed a sensitive breast cancer-specific EV detection bioassay directly in blood plasma using a fiber-optic surface plasmon resonance (FO-SPR) biosensor, previously calibrated with recombinant EVs. First, we established a sandwich bioassay to detect SK-BR-3 EVs by functionalizing the FO-SPR probes with anti-HER2 antibodies. A calibration curve was built using an anti-HER2/Banti-CD9 combination, resulting in an LOD of 2.1 × 107 particles/mL in buffer and 7 × 108 particles/mL in blood plasma. Next, we investigated the potential of the bioassay to detect MCF7 EVs in blood plasma using an anti-EpCAM/Banti-mix combination, obtaining an LOD of 1.1 × 10 8 particles/mL. Finally, the specificity of the bioassay was proven by the absence of signal when testing plasma samples from 10 healthy people unknown to be diagnosed with breast cancer. The remarkable sensitivity and specificity of the developed sandwich bioassay together with the advantages of the standardized FO-SPR biosensor highlight outstanding potential for the future of EV analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagmur Yildizhan
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors Group, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kaat Driessens
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors Group, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hong Shen Kevin Tsao
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors Group, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robin Boiy
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Debby Thomas
- PharmAbs, The KU Leuven Antibody Center, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nick Geukens
- PharmAbs, The KU Leuven Antibody Center, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - An Hendrix
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Lammertyn
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors Group, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-16-32-14-59
| | - Dragana Spasic
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors Group, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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