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Berdecka D, De Smedt SC, De Vos WH, Braeckmans K. Non-viral delivery of RNA for therapeutic T cell engineering. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 208:115215. [PMID: 38401848 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Adoptive T cell transfer has shown great success in treating blood cancers, resulting in a growing number of FDA-approved therapies using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells. However, the effectiveness of this treatment for solid tumors is still not satisfactory, emphasizing the need for improved T cell engineering strategies and combination approaches. Currently, CAR T cells are mainly manufactured using gammaretroviral and lentiviral vectors due to their high transduction efficiency. However, there are concerns about their safety, the high cost of producing them in compliance with current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP), regulatory obstacles, and limited cargo capacity, which limit the broader use of engineered T cell therapies. To overcome these limitations, researchers have explored non-viral approaches, such as membrane permeabilization and carrier-mediated methods, as more versatile and sustainable alternatives for next-generation T cell engineering. Non-viral delivery methods can be designed to transport a wide range of molecules, including RNA, which allows for more controlled and safe modulation of T cell phenotype and function. In this review, we provide an overview of non-viral RNA delivery in adoptive T cell therapy. We first define the different types of RNA therapeutics, highlighting recent advancements in manufacturing for their therapeutic use. We then discuss the challenges associated with achieving effective RNA delivery in T cells. Next, we provide an overview of current and emerging technologies for delivering RNA into T cells. Finally, we discuss ongoing preclinical and clinical studies involving RNA-modified T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Berdecka
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Winnok H De Vos
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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2
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S/O/W microparticles prepared with hydroxyethyl starch-based emulsifier showed reduced macrophage affinity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 220:112917. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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3
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Jiang Z, Zhang W, Zhang J, Liu T, Xing J, Zhang H, Tang D. Nanomaterial-Based Drug Delivery Systems: A New Weapon for Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:4677-4696. [PMID: 36211025 PMCID: PMC9541303 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s376216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, a major breakthrough in cancer treatment, has been successfully applied to treat a number of tumors. However, given the presence of factors in the tumor microenvironment (TME) that impede immunotherapy, only a small proportion of patients achieve a good clinical response. With the ability to increase permeability and cross biological barriers, nanomaterials have been successfully applied to deliver immunotherapeutic agents, thus realizing the anti-cancer therapeutic potential of therapeutic agents. This has driven a wave of research into systems for the delivery of immunotherapeutic agents, which has resulted in widespread interest in nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems. Nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems are able to overcome the challenges from TME and thus achieve good results in cancer immunotherapy. If it can make a breakthrough in improving biocompatibility and reducing cytotoxicity, it will be more widely used in clinical practice. Different types of nanomaterials may also have some subtle differences in enhancing cancer immunotherapy. Moreover, delivery systems made of nanomaterials loaded with drugs, such as cytotoxic drugs, cytokines, and adjuvants, could be used for cancer immunotherapy because they avoid the toxicity and side effects associated with these drugs, thereby enabling their reuse. Therefore, further insights into nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems will provide more effective treatment options for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengting Jiang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian Liu
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Xing
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu Province Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Dong Tang, Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu Province Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People’s Republic of China, Email
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4
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Ma X, Li SJ, Liu Y, Zhang T, Xue P, Kang Y, Sun ZJ, Xu Z. Bioengineered nanogels for cancer immunotherapy. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:5136-5174. [PMID: 35666131 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00247g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed increasingly rapid advances in nanocarrier-based biomedicine aimed at improving treatment paradigms for cancer. Nanogels serve as multipurpose and constructed vectors formed via intramolecular cross-linking to generate drug delivery systems, which is attributed predominantly to their satisfactory biocompatibility, bio-responsiveness, high stability, and low toxicity. Recently, immunotherapy has experienced unprecedented growth and has become the preferred strategy for cancer treatment, and mainly involves the mobilisation of the immune system and an enhanced anti-tumour immunity of the tumour microenvironment. Despite the inspiring success, immunotherapeutic strategies are limited due to the low response rates and immune-related adverse events. Like other nanomedicines, nanogels are comparably limited by lower focal enrichment rates upon introduction into the organism via injection. Because nanogels are three-dimensional cross-linked aqueous materials that exhibit similar properties to natural tissues and are structurally stable, they can comfortably cope with shear forces and serum proteins in the bloodstream, and the longer circulation life increases the chance of nanogel accumulation in the tumour, conferring deep tumour penetration. The large specific surface area can reduce or eliminate off-target effects by introducing stimuli-responsive functional groups, allowing multiple physical and chemical modifications for specific purposes to improve targeting to specific immune cell subpopulations or immune organs, increasing the bioavailability of the drug, and conferring a low immune-related adverse events on nanogel therapies. The slow release upon reaching the tumour site facilitates long-term awakening of the host's immune system, ultimately achieving enhanced therapeutic effects. As an effective candidate for cancer immunotherapy, nanogel-based immunotherapy has been widely used. In this review, we mainly summarize the recent advances of nanogel-based immunotherapy to deliver immunomodulatory small molecule drugs, antibodies, genes and cytokines, to target antigen presenting cells, form cancer vaccines, and enable chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy. Future challenges as well as expected and feasible prospects for clinical treatment are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Materials and Energy & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Shu-Jin Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Yuantong Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Tian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Materials and Energy & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Peng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Materials and Energy & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Yuejun Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Materials and Energy & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Zhigang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Materials and Energy & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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5
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Akkın S, Varan G, Aksüt D, Malanga M, Ercan A, Şen M, Bilensoy E. A different approach to immunochemotherapy for colon Cancer: Development of nanoplexes of cyclodextrins and Interleukin-2 loaded with 5-FU. Int J Pharm 2022; 623:121940. [PMID: 35724824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immune system deficiencies are crucial in the progression of cancer, predominantly because immune cells are not stimulated by cytokines to eradicate cancer cells. Immunochemotherapy is currently considered an innovative approach that creates pathways in cancer treatment, sometimes also aiding in the efficacy of chemotherapeutics. The aim of this study was to prepare a cyclodextrin (CD) nanoplex based on charge interaction to deliver the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and Interleukin-2 (IL-2), thereby forming a nanoscale drug delivery system aimed at chemo-immunotherapy for colorectal cancers. The CD:IL-2 nanoplexes were obtained with a particle size below 100 nm and a cationic surface charge based on the extent of charge interaction of the cationic CD polymer with negatively charged IL-2. The loading capacity of CD nanoplexes was 40% for 5-FU and 99.8% for IL-2. Nanoplexes maintained physical stability in terms of particle size and zeta potential in aqueous solution for 1 week at + 4 °C. Moreover, the structural integrity of IL-2 loaded into CD nanoplexes was confirmed by SDS-PAGE analysis. The cumulative release rates of both 5-FU and IL-2 were found to be more than 80% in simulated biological fluids in 12 h. Cell culture studies demonstrate that CD polymers are safe on healthy L929 mouse fibroblast cells. Drug-loaded CD nanoplexes were determined to have a higher anticancer effect than free drug solution against CT26 mouse colon carcinoma cells. In addition, intestinal permeability studies supported the conclusion that CD nanoplexes could be promising candidates for oral chemotherapy as well. In conclusion, effective cancer therapy utilizing the absorptive/cellular uptake effect of CDs, the synergic effect and co-transport of chemotherapeutic drugs and immunotherapeutic molecules is a promising approach. Furthermore, the transport of IL-2 with this nano-sized system can reduce or avoid its toxicity problem in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safiye Akkın
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gamze Varan
- Department of Vaccine Technology, Vaccine Institute, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Davut Aksüt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Milo Malanga
- CycloLab- Cyclodextrin Research & Development Laboratory, Organic Synthesis Laboratory, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ayşe Ercan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, 06800 Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Şen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erem Bilensoy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
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6
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Nie W, Chen J, Wang B, Gao X. Nonviral vector system for cancer immunogene therapy. MEDCOMM – BIOMATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/mba2.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Nie
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu PR China
| | - Bilan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu PR China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu PR China
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7
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Haist M, Mailänder V, Bros M. Nanodrugs Targeting T Cells in Tumor Therapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:912594. [PMID: 35693776 PMCID: PMC9174908 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.912594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to conventional anti-tumor agents, nano-carriers allow co-delivery of distinct drugs in a cell type-specific manner. So far, many nanodrug-based immunotherapeutic approaches aim to target and kill tumor cells directly or to address antigen presenting cells (APC) like dendritic cells (DC) in order to elicit tumor antigen-specific T cell responses. Regulatory T cells (Treg) constitute a major obstacle in tumor therapy by inducing a pro-tolerogenic state in APC and inhibiting T cell activation and T effector cell activity. This review aims to summarize nanodrug-based strategies that aim to address and reprogram Treg to overcome their immunomodulatory activity and to revert the exhaustive state of T effector cells. Further, we will also discuss nano-carrier-based approaches to introduce tumor antigen-specific chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) into T cells for CAR-T cell therapy which constitutes a complementary approach to DC-focused vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthias Bros
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department of Dermatology, Mainz, Germany
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8
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Zhou L, Zou M, Xu Y, Lin P, Lei C, Xia X. Nano Drug Delivery System for Tumor Immunotherapy: Next-Generation Therapeutics. Front Oncol 2022; 12:864301. [PMID: 35664731 PMCID: PMC9160744 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.864301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor immunotherapy is an artificial stimulation of the immune system to enhance anti-cancer response. It has become a powerful clinical strategy for treating cancer. The number of immunotherapy drug approvals has been increasing in recent years, and many treatments are in clinical and preclinical stages. Despite this progress, the special tumor heterogeneity and immunosuppressive microenvironment of solid tumors made immunotherapy in the majority of cancer cases difficult. Therefore, understanding how to improve the intratumoral enrichment degree and the response rate of various immunotherapy drugs is key to improve efficacy and control adverse reactions. With the development of materials science and nanotechnology, advanced biomaterials such as nanoparticle and drug delivery systems like T-cell delivery therapy can improve effectiveness of immunotherapy while reducing the toxic side effects on non-target cells, which offers innovative ideas for improving immunity therapeutic effectiveness. In this review, we discuss the mechanism of tumor cell immune escape and focus on current immunotherapy (such as cytokine immunotherapy, therapeutic monoclonal antibody immunotherapy, PD-1/PD-L1 therapy, CAR-T therapy, tumor vaccine, oncolytic virus, and other new types of immunity) and its challenges as well as the latest nanotechnology (such as bionic nanoparticles, self-assembled nanoparticles, deformable nanoparticles, photothermal effect nanoparticles, stimuli-responsive nanoparticles, and other types) applications in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Manshu Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yilin Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Peng Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Chang Lei
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xinhua Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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9
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Wang M, Wang C, Ren S, Pan J, Wang Y, Shen Y, Zeng Z, Cui H, Zhao X. Versatile Oral Insulin Delivery Nanosystems: From Materials to Nanostructures. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3362. [PMID: 35328783 PMCID: PMC8952690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by lack of insulin in the body leading to failure of blood glucose regulation. Diabetes patients usually need frequent insulin injections to maintain normal blood glucose levels, which is a painful administration manner. Long-term drug injection brings great physical and psychological burden to diabetic patients. In order to improve the adaptability of patients to use insulin and reduce the pain caused by injection, the development of oral insulin formulations is currently a hot and difficult topic in the field of medicine and pharmacy. Thus, oral insulin delivery is a promising and convenient administration method to relieve the patients. However, insulin as a peptide drug is prone to be degraded by digestive enzymes. In addition, insulin has strong hydrophilicity and large molecular weight and extremely low oral bioavailability. To solve these problems in clinical practice, the oral insulin delivery nanosystems were designed and constructed by rational combination of various nanomaterials and nanotechnology. Such oral nanosystems have the advantages of strong adaptability, small size, convenient processing, long-lasting pharmaceutical activity, and drug controlled-release, so it can effectively improve the oral bioavailability and efficacy of insulin. This review summarizes the basic principles and recent progress in oral delivery nanosystems for insulin, including physiological absorption barrier of oral insulin and the development of materials to nanostructures for oral insulin delivery nanosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yue Shen
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (M.W.); (C.W.); (S.R.); (J.P.); (Y.W.); (Z.Z.); (H.C.)
| | | | | | - Xiang Zhao
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (M.W.); (C.W.); (S.R.); (J.P.); (Y.W.); (Z.Z.); (H.C.)
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10
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Est-Witte SE, Livingston NK, Omotoso MO, Green JJ, Schneck JP. Nanoparticles for generating antigen-specific T cells for immunotherapy. Semin Immunol 2021; 56:101541. [PMID: 34922816 PMCID: PMC8900015 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
T cell therapy shows promise as an immunotherapy in both immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive applications. However, the forms of T cell-based therapy that are currently in the clinic, such as adoptive cell transfer and vaccines, are limited by cost, time-to-treatment, and patient variability. Nanoparticles offer a modular, universal platform to improve the efficacy of various T cell therapies as nanoparticle properties can be easily modified for enhanced cell targeting, organ targeting, and cell internalization. Nanoparticles can enhance or even replace endogenous cells during each step of generating an antigen-specific T cell response - from antigen presentation and T cell activation to T cell maintenance. In this review, we discuss the unique applications of nanoparticles for antigen-specific T cell therapy, focusing on nanoparticles as vaccines (to activate endogenous antigen presenting cells (APCs)), as artificial Antigen Presenting Cells (aAPCs, to directly activate T cells), and as drug delivery vehicles (to support activated T cells).
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah E Est-Witte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, USA, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Natalie K Livingston
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, USA, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mary O Omotoso
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jordan J Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, USA, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Departments of Ophthalmology, Oncology, Neurosurgery, Materials Science & Engineering, and Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, and The Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
| | - Jonathan P Schneck
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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11
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Ayyadevara VSSA, Ahmadi A, Roh KH. Targeted Association and Intracellular Delivery of Nanocargoes into Primary T Lymphocytes via Interleukin-2 Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:1675-1687. [PMID: 34242003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite the tremendous progress in immunotherapy regimens using T cells, efforts to modulate the functions of T cells are still significantly hampered by the lack of reliable methods to deliver various cargoes into the T cells. This ongoing challenge originates from the intrinsic resistance of T cells in taking up exogenous materials. Here, we strategically aimed to hijack the natural endocytosis of Interleukin-2 (IL2) by the activated T cells for the targeted association and intracellular delivery of cargoes in varying sizes. First, we carefully characterized the fluctuations in the expression levels of IL2 receptor (IL2R) subunits (CD25, CD122, and CD132) during the murine primary T cell cultures over 12 days. We identified the highest fraction of T cells that would express the high-affinity trimeric IL2R on Day 3. By examining the association and uptake efficiencies of IL2 molecules that are biotinylated via either random lysine-targeting chemical reaction (using NHS-PEG4-Biotin) or site-specific enzymatic modification (using Avitag sequence), we demonstrated that the most efficient delivery of cargo can be achieved by C-terminal conjugation. Upon confirmation of successful delivery of a small model cargo, streptavidin, we employed superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) as bigger model cargoes having core diameters of 50, 100, and 200 nm. We examined the association and intracellular delivery of the IL2-conjugated nanocargoes using flow cytometry, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. While cargoes of all tested sizes were successfully associated with the IL2R-expressing T cells in comparable efficiencies, the uptake efficiencies were inversely proportional to the sizes of the cargoes. Nevertheless, our current definitive report confirms that nanocargoes with a practical maximum size limit around 100-200 nm can be intracellularly delivered into activated primary T cells using IL2R-mediated endocytosis, which opens a new horizon for engineering and manufacturing of various T cell immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S S Abhinav Ayyadevara
- Department of Biotechnology Science and Engineering, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, United States
| | - Armin Ahmadi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, United States
| | - Kyung-Ho Roh
- Department of Biotechnology Science and Engineering, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, United States.,Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, United States
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12
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Lu L, Li B, Lin C, Li K, Liu G, Xia Z, Luo Z, Cai K. Redox-responsive amphiphilic camptothecin prodrug nanoparticles for targeted liver tumor therapy. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:3918-3928. [PMID: 32227058 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00285b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cell-targeting drug delivery systems are of great importance to anti-tumor therapy in clinics. Owing to the overexpression of the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) on the membrane of hepatoma carcinoma cells, the conjugation of lactose on the surface of drug delivery systems has already shown significant advantages for targeting tumor cells. In this study, a disulfide bond-conjugated prodrug targeting delivery system consisting of camptothecin (CPT) and lactose (LA) was synthesized, which was denoted as CPT-S-S-LA. Camptothecin and lactose act as the chemotherapy drug and targeting ligand in the drug delivery system, respectively. Since CPT-S-S-LA is an amphiphilic compound, it can self-assemble into nanoparticles with a diameter of around 110 nm. The CPT-S-S-LA nanoparticles displayed controllable drug release behavior in the physiological environment. Unlike the free CPT, the CPT-S-S-LA nanoparticles firstly assembled at the tumor sites via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, and then were phagocytized by the tumor cells with ASGP receptor-mediated endocytosis. Finally, the antitumor agent CPT was released for killing tumor cells, which have a high glutathione (GSH) concentration environment. The nanoparticles displayed favorable ability to target hepatoma carcinoma cells rather than the normal HUVEC cells in vitro. Both the in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that the CPT-S-S-LA nanoparticles display enhanced antitumor ability and reduced side effects. Thus, active targeting prodrug delivery systems should be a promising strategy for liver tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Bing Li
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Chuanchuan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Ke Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Genhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Zengzilu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Zhong Luo
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Kaiyong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
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13
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Recent Advances to Augment NK Cell Cancer Immunotherapy Using Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040525. [PMID: 33918941 PMCID: PMC8069998 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Among various immunotherapies, natural killer (NK) cell cancer immunotherapy using adoptive transfer of NK cells takes a unique position by targeting tumor cells that evade the host immune surveillance. As the first-line innate effector cell, it has been revealed that NK cells have distinct mechanisms to both eliminate cancer cells directly and amplify the anticancer immune system. Over the last 40 years, NK cell cancer immunotherapy has shown encouraging reports in pre-clinic and clinic settings. In total, 288 clinical trials are investigating various NK cell immunotherapies to treat hematologic and solid malignancies in 2021. However, the clinical outcomes are unsatisfying, with remained challenges. The major limitation is attributed to the immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), low activity of NK cells, inadequate homing of NK cells, and limited contact frequency of NK cells with tumor cells. Innovative strategies to promote the cytolytic activity, durable persistence, activation, and tumor-infiltration of NK cells are required to advance NK cell cancer immunotherapy. As maturing nanotechnology and nanomedicine for clinical applications, there is a greater opportunity to augment NK cell therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of cancers. Active molecules/cytokine delivery, imaging, and physicochemical properties of nanoparticles are well equipped to overcome the challenges of NK cell cancer immunotherapy. Here, we discuss recent clinical trials of NK cell cancer immunotherapy, NK cell cancer immunotherapy challenges, and advances of nanoparticle-mediated NK cell therapeutic efficacy augmentation.
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Wang H, Hu H, Yang H, Li Z. Hydroxyethyl starch based smart nanomedicine. RSC Adv 2021; 11:3226-3240. [PMID: 35424303 PMCID: PMC8694170 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09663f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decades, the vigorous development of nanomedicine has opened up a new world for drug delivery. Hydroxyethyl starch (HES), a clinical plasma volume expander which has been widely used for years, is playing an attracting role as drug carriers. Compared with all other polysaccharides, HES has proven its unique characteristics for drug delivery platforms, including good manufacture practice, biodegradability, biocompatibility, abundant groups for chemical modification, excellent water solubility, and tailorability. In this review, an overview of various types of HES based drug delivery systems is provided, including HES-drug conjugates, HES-based nano-assemblies, HES-based nanocapsules, and HES-based hydrogels. In addition, the current challenges and future opportunities for design and application of HES based drug delivery systems are also discussed. The available studies show that HES based drug delivery systems has significant potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Hang Hu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Refining and High-quality Utilization of Biomass, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University Changzhou 213164 People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Zifu Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medical, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China
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15
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Yang Y, Xu M, Wang Z, Yang Y, Liu J, Hu Q, Li L, Huang W. Immune remodeling triggered by photothermal therapy with semiconducting polymer nanoparticles in combination with chemotherapy to inhibit metastatic cancers. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:2613-2622. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02903c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Immune remodeling was triggered by photothermal therapy based on semiconducting polymer nanoparticles in combination with chemotherapy based on a hypoxia-activated antitumor drug (tirapazamine) to efficiently inhibit metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211800
- China
| | - Minjie Xu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310032
- China
| | - Zhe Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310032
- China
| | - Yanqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211800
- China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211800
- China
| | - Qinglian Hu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310032
- China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211800
- China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211800
- China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE)
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16
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Zeb A, Rana I, Choi HI, Lee CH, Baek SW, Lim CW, Khan N, Arif ST, Sahar NU, Alvi AM, Shah FA, Din FU, Bae ON, Park JS, Kim JK. Potential and Applications of Nanocarriers for Efficient Delivery of Biopharmaceuticals. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1184. [PMID: 33291312 PMCID: PMC7762162 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past two decades, the clinical use of biopharmaceutical products has markedly increased because of their obvious advantages over conventional small-molecule drug products. These advantages include better specificity, potency, targeting abilities, and reduced side effects. Despite the substantial clinical and commercial success, the macromolecular structure and intrinsic instability of biopharmaceuticals make their formulation and administration challenging and render parenteral delivery as the only viable option in most cases. The use of nanocarriers for efficient delivery of biopharmaceuticals is essential due to their practical benefits such as protecting from degradation in a hostile physiological environment, enhancing plasma half-life and retention time, facilitating absorption through the epithelium, providing site-specific delivery, and improving access to intracellular targets. In the current review, we highlight the clinical and commercial success of biopharmaceuticals and the overall applications and potential of nanocarriers in biopharmaceuticals delivery. Effective applications of nanocarriers for biopharmaceuticals delivery via invasive and noninvasive routes (oral, pulmonary, nasal, and skin) are presented here. The presented data undoubtedly demonstrate the great potential of combining nanocarriers with biopharmaceuticals to improve healthcare products in the future clinical landscape. In conclusion, nanocarriers are promising delivery tool for the hormones, cytokines, nucleic acids, vaccines, antibodies, enzymes, and gene- and cell-based therapeutics for the treatment of multiple pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alam Zeb
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Korea; (A.Z.); (H.-I.C.); (C.-H.L.); (S.-W.B.); (C.-W.L.); (O.-N.B.)
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (I.R.); (N.K.); (S.T.A.); (N.u.S.); (A.M.A.); (F.A.S.)
| | - Isra Rana
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (I.R.); (N.K.); (S.T.A.); (N.u.S.); (A.M.A.); (F.A.S.)
| | - Ho-Ik Choi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Korea; (A.Z.); (H.-I.C.); (C.-H.L.); (S.-W.B.); (C.-W.L.); (O.-N.B.)
| | - Cheol-Ho Lee
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Korea; (A.Z.); (H.-I.C.); (C.-H.L.); (S.-W.B.); (C.-W.L.); (O.-N.B.)
| | - Seong-Woong Baek
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Korea; (A.Z.); (H.-I.C.); (C.-H.L.); (S.-W.B.); (C.-W.L.); (O.-N.B.)
| | - Chang-Wan Lim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Korea; (A.Z.); (H.-I.C.); (C.-H.L.); (S.-W.B.); (C.-W.L.); (O.-N.B.)
| | - Namrah Khan
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (I.R.); (N.K.); (S.T.A.); (N.u.S.); (A.M.A.); (F.A.S.)
| | - Sadia Tabassam Arif
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (I.R.); (N.K.); (S.T.A.); (N.u.S.); (A.M.A.); (F.A.S.)
| | - Najam us Sahar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (I.R.); (N.K.); (S.T.A.); (N.u.S.); (A.M.A.); (F.A.S.)
| | - Arooj Mohsin Alvi
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (I.R.); (N.K.); (S.T.A.); (N.u.S.); (A.M.A.); (F.A.S.)
| | - Fawad Ali Shah
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (I.R.); (N.K.); (S.T.A.); (N.u.S.); (A.M.A.); (F.A.S.)
| | - Fakhar ud Din
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan;
| | - Ok-Nam Bae
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Korea; (A.Z.); (H.-I.C.); (C.-H.L.); (S.-W.B.); (C.-W.L.); (O.-N.B.)
| | - Jeong-Sook Park
- Institute of Drug Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jin-Ki Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Korea; (A.Z.); (H.-I.C.); (C.-H.L.); (S.-W.B.); (C.-W.L.); (O.-N.B.)
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Bauer KN, Simon J, Mailänder V, Landfester K, Wurm FR. Polyphosphoester surfactants as general stealth coatings for polymeric nanocarriers. Acta Biomater 2020; 116:318-328. [PMID: 32937204 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Opsonization of nanocarriers is one of the most important biological barriers for controlled drug delivery. The typical way to prevent such unspecific protein adsorption and thus fast clearance by the immune system is the covalent modification of drug delivery vehicles with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), so-called PEGylation. Recently, polyphosphoesters (PPEs) were identified as adequate PEG substitutes, however with the benefits of controllable hydrophilicity, additional chemical functionality, or biodegradability. Here, we present a general strategy by non-covalent adsorption of different nonionic PPE-surfactants to nanocarriers with stealth properties. Polyphosphoester surfactants with different binding motifs were synthesized by anionic ring-opening polymerization of cyclic phosphates or phosphonates and well-defined polymers were obtained. They were evaluated with regard to their cytotoxicity, protein interactions, and corona formation and their cellular uptake. We proved that all PPE-surfactants have lower cytotoxicity as the common PEG-based surfactant (Lutensol® AT 50) and that their hydrolysis is controlled by their chemical structure. Two polymeric nanocarriers, namely polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate), and bio-based and potentially biodegradable hydroxyethyl starch nanocarriers were coated with the PPE-surfactants. All nanocarriers exhibited reduced protein adsorption after coating with PPE-surfactants and a strongly reduced interaction with macrophages. This general strategy allows the transformation of polymeric nanocarriers into camouflaged nanocarriers and by the chemical versatility of PPEs will allow the attachment of additional moieties for advanced drug delivery.
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18
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Mittelheisser V, Banerjee M, Pivot X, Charbonnière LJ, Goetz J, Detappe A. Leveraging Immunotherapy with Nanomedicine. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Mittelheisser
- Centre Paul Strauss Strasbourg 67000 France
- INSERM UMR_S1109 Strasbourg 67000 France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg 67000 France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) Strasbourg 67000 France
| | - Mainak Banerjee
- Centre Paul Strauss Strasbourg 67000 France
- Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe Strasbourg 67000 France
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien CNRS UMR‐7178 Strasbourg 67087 France
| | - Xavier Pivot
- Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe Strasbourg 67000 France
| | - Loïc J. Charbonnière
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg 67000 France
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien CNRS UMR‐7178 Strasbourg 67087 France
| | - Jacky Goetz
- INSERM UMR_S1109 Strasbourg 67000 France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg 67000 France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) Strasbourg 67000 France
| | - Alexandre Detappe
- Centre Paul Strauss Strasbourg 67000 France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg 67000 France
- Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe Strasbourg 67000 France
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien CNRS UMR‐7178 Strasbourg 67087 France
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19
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Hager S, Fittler FJ, Wagner E, Bros M. Nucleic Acid-Based Approaches for Tumor Therapy. Cells 2020; 9:E2061. [PMID: 32917034 PMCID: PMC7564019 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the last decade, the introduction of checkpoint inhibitors proposed to boost the patients' anti-tumor immune response has proven the efficacy of immunotherapeutic approaches for tumor therapy. Furthermore, especially in the context of the development of biocompatible, cell type targeting nano-carriers, nucleic acid-based drugs aimed to initiate and to enhance anti-tumor responses have come of age. This review intends to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of the therapeutic use of nucleic acids for cancer treatment on various levels, comprising (i) mRNA and DNA-based vaccines to be expressed by antigen presenting cells evoking sustained anti-tumor T cell responses, (ii) molecular adjuvants, (iii) strategies to inhibit/reprogram tumor-induced regulatory immune cells e.g., by RNA interference (RNAi), (iv) genetically tailored T cells and natural killer cells to directly recognize tumor antigens, and (v) killing of tumor cells, and reprograming of constituents of the tumor microenvironment by gene transfer and RNAi. Aside from further improvements of individual nucleic acid-based drugs, the major perspective for successful cancer therapy will be combination treatments employing conventional regimens as well as immunotherapeutics like checkpoint inhibitors and nucleic acid-based drugs, each acting on several levels to adequately counter-act tumor immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Hager
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), 81377 Munich, Germany;
| | | | - Ernst Wagner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), 81377 Munich, Germany;
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
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20
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Targeted Activation of T Cells with IL-2-Coupled Nanoparticles. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092063. [PMID: 32917054 PMCID: PMC7565705 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a T cell growth factor particularly required in regulatory T cell maintenance and memory T cell responses. High-dose IL-2 treatment was the first FDA-approved immunotherapy for cancer, while low-dose IL-2 administration has shown promise in allograft rejection and autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, its pleiotropic nature and the existence of IL-2 receptors with different binding affinity limit its therapeutic application. For an improved clinical applicability of the cytokine, a targeted receptor assignment must, therefore, be achieved. Nanoparticles allow controlling the location and dose of immunomodulating compounds and to specifically address specific receptors through targeted drug binding. In this review article we discuss the IL-2 biology and current clinical application with regard to nanoparticle-based IL-2-mediated manipulation of T cell responses in autoimmunity, chronic inflammation, and cancer.
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21
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Thiramanas R, Jiang S, Simon J, Landfester K, Mailänder V. Silica Nanocapsules with Different Sizes and Physicochemical Properties as Suitable Nanocarriers for Uptake in T-Cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:6069-6084. [PMID: 32884263 PMCID: PMC7439283 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s246322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adoptive T-cell immunotherapy emerged as a powerful and promising cancer therapy, as the problem regarding the immuno-reaction between different donors and recipients can be avoided. However, this approach is challenging. After long cultivation and expansion under laboratory media conditions, T-cells are losing their viability and function due to immune checkpoint proteins, leading to decreased efficiency in killing cancer cells. Therefore, a new strategy to improve T-cell survival and function is needed. With the advantages of nanotechnology and the biocompatibility of silica-based material, silica nanocapsules (SiNCs) provide an ideal delivery system to transport therapeutic biomolecules to T-cells. Up to now, there is a lack of cellular uptake studies of nanocarriers towards T-cells. Methods We systematically studied the influence of various physicochemical properties such as sizes, core hydrophobicities, surface charges, and surface functionalities of SiNC for their impact on cellular uptake and toxicity in CD8+ T-cells by flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Cytokine secretion assay was performed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To identify suitable uptake conditions for SiNCs into CD8+ T-cells, the impact of human serum in cell culture medium was also investigated. Results The major impact on cellular uptake and toxicity was found to be size- and dose-dependent. Smaller sizes of SiNCs than 100 nm caused significant toxicity to the cells. It was found that the formed protein corona reduced the toxicity of the SiNCs. However, it also inhibited their uptake. Conclusion Overall, we present a set of different criteria for a suitable design of nanocarriers and cell culture conditions, which need to be carefully considered for T-cell immunotherapy in vitro to facilitate uptake while avoiding toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raweewan Thiramanas
- Dermatology Clinic, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany.,Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Johanna Simon
- Dermatology Clinic, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany.,Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Volker Mailänder
- Dermatology Clinic, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany.,Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, 55128, Germany
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22
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Ju Y, Guo H, Edman M, Hamm-Alvarez SF. Application of advances in endocytosis and membrane trafficking to drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 157:118-141. [PMID: 32758615 PMCID: PMC7853512 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multidisciplinary research efforts in the field of drug delivery have led to the development of a variety of drug delivery systems (DDS) designed for site-specific delivery of diagnostic and therapeutic agents. Since efficient uptake of drug carriers into target cells is central to effective drug delivery, a comprehensive understanding of the biological pathways for cellular internalization of DDS can facilitate the development of DDS capable of precise tissue targeting and enhanced therapeutic outcomes. Diverse methods have been applied to study the internalization mechanisms responsible for endocytotic uptake of extracellular materials, which are also the principal pathways exploited by many DDS. Chemical inhibitors remain the most commonly used method to explore endocytotic internalization mechanisms, although genetic methods are increasingly accessible and may constitute more specific approaches. This review highlights the molecular basis of internalization pathways most relevant to internalization of DDS, and the principal methods used to study each route. This review also showcases examples of DDS that are internalized by each route, and reviews the general effects of biophysical properties of DDS on the internalization efficiency. Finally, options for intracellular trafficking and targeting of internalized DDS are briefly reviewed, representing an additional opportunity for multi-level targeting to achieve further specificity and therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Ju
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USC School of Pharmacy, USA
| | - Hao Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USC School of Pharmacy, USA
| | - Maria Edman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USA
| | - Sarah F Hamm-Alvarez
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USC School of Pharmacy, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USA.
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Lim S, Park J, Shim MK, Um W, Yoon HY, Ryu JH, Lim DK, Kim K. Recent advances and challenges of repurposing nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems to enhance cancer immunotherapy. Theranostics 2019; 9:7906-7923. [PMID: 31695807 PMCID: PMC6831456 DOI: 10.7150/thno.38425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is an attractive treatment option under clinical settings. However, the major challenges of immunotherapy include limited patient response, limited tumor specificity, immune-related adverse events, and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Therefore, nanoparticle (NP)-based drug delivery has been used to not only increase the efficacy of immunotherapeutic agents, but it also significantly reduces the toxicity. In particular, NP-based drug delivery systems alter the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of encapsulated or conjugated immunotherapeutic agents to targeted cancer cells or immune cells and facilitate the delivery of multiple therapeutic combinations to targeted cells using single NPs. Recently, advanced NP-based drug delivery systems were effectively utilized in cancer immunotherapy to reduce the toxic side effects and immune-related adverse events. Repurposing these NPs as delivery systems of immunotherapeutic agents may overcome the limitations of current cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we focus on recent advances in NP-based immunotherapeutic delivery systems, such as immunogenic cell death (ICD)-inducing drugs, cytokines and adjuvants for promising cancer immunotherapy. Finally, we discuss the challenges facing current NP-based drug delivery systems that need to be addressed for successful clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungho Lim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5, Hwarangno 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooho Park
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5, Hwarangno 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Kyu Shim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5, Hwarangno 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooram Um
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5, Hwarangno 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Yeol Yoon
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5, Hwarangno 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hee Ryu
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5, Hwarangno 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kwon Lim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangmeyung Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5, Hwarangno 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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24
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Lee ES, Shin JM, Son S, Ko H, Um W, Song SH, Lee JA, Park JH. Recent Advances in Polymeric Nanomedicines for Cancer Immunotherapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801320. [PMID: 30666822 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising approach to treat cancer, since it facilitates eradication of cancer by enhancing innate and/or adaptive immunity without using cytotoxic drugs. Of the immunotherapeutic approaches, significant clinical potentials are shown in cancer vaccination, immune checkpoint therapy, and adoptive cell transfer. Nevertheless, conventional immunotherapies often involve immune-related adverse effects, such as liver dysfunction, hypophysitis, type I diabetes, and neuropathy. In an attempt to address these issues, polymeric nanomedicines are extensively investigated in recent years. In this review, recent advances in polymeric nanomedicines for cancer immunotherapy are highlighted and thoroughly discussed in terms of 1) antigen presentation, 2) activation of antigen-presenting cells and T cells, and 3) promotion of effector cells. Also, the future perspectives to develop ideal nanomedicines for cancer immunotherapy are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sook Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology; SAIHST; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Shin
- School of Chemical Engineering; College of Engineering; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Son
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology; SAIHST; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Ko
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology; SAIHST; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Wooram Um
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology; SAIHST; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Ho Song
- School of Chemical Engineering; College of Engineering; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ah Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering; College of Engineering; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyung Park
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology; SAIHST; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical Engineering; College of Engineering; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
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25
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Wen Z, Liu F, Chen Q, Xu Y, Li H, Sun S. Recent development in biodegradable nanovehicle delivery system-assisted immunotherapy. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:4414-4443. [DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00961b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A schematic illustration of BNDS biodegradation and release antigen delivery for assisting immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfu Wen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- P. R. China
| | - Fengyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry
- Dalian University of Technology
- Ganjingzi District
- P. R. China
| | | | - Yongqian Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- P. R. China
| | - Hongjuan Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- P. R. China
| | - Shiguo Sun
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- P. R. China
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26
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Iyisan B, Landfester K. Modular Approach for the Design of Smart Polymeric Nanocapsules. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 40:e1800577. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Banu Iyisan
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
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27
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Lybaert L, Vermaelen K, De Geest BG, Nuhn L. Immunoengineering through cancer vaccines – A personalized and multi-step vaccine approach towards precise cancer immunity. J Control Release 2018; 289:125-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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28
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Liu Z, Chen X, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Saunders L, Zhou Y, Ma PX. Nanofibrous Spongy Microspheres To Distinctly Release miRNA and Growth Factors To Enrich Regulatory T Cells and Rescue Periodontal Bone Loss. ACS NANO 2018; 12:9785-9799. [PMID: 30141906 PMCID: PMC6205210 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b08976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In addition to T cells' roles in immune response and autoimmune diseases, certain types of T cells, called regulatory T cells (Tregs), play important roles in microenvironment modulation for resolution and tissue regeneration. However, there are currently few options available other than introducing more Tregs or immunosuppressive drugs to locally enrich Tregs. Herein, poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) nanofibrous spongy microspheres (NF-SMS), PLLA/polyethylene glycol (PEG) co-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN), and poly(lactic acid- co-glycolic acid) microspheres (PLGA MS) are integrated into one multibiologic delivery vehicle for in situ Treg manipulation, where the MSNs and PLGA MS were utilized to distinctly release IL-2/TGF-β and miR-10a to locally recruit T cells and stimulate their differentiation into Tregs, while PLLA NF-SMS serve as an injectable scaffold for the adhesion and proliferation of these Tregs. In a mouse model of periodontitis, the injectable and biomolecule-delivering PLLA NF-SMS lead to Treg enrichment, expansion, and Treg-mediated immune therapy against bone loss. This system can potentially be utilized in a wide variety of other immune and regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongning Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology; Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, PR China
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhanpeng Zhang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xiaojin Zhang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Laura Saunders
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yongsheng Zhou
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology; Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, PR China
- Corresponding Authors (Y. Zhou): , (P.X. Ma):
| | - Peter X. Ma
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Corresponding Authors (Y. Zhou): , (P.X. Ma):
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29
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Tonigold M, Simon J, Estupiñán D, Kokkinopoulou M, Reinholz J, Kintzel U, Kaltbeitzel A, Renz P, Domogalla MP, Steinbrink K, Lieberwirth I, Crespy D, Landfester K, Mailänder V. Pre-adsorption of antibodies enables targeting of nanocarriers despite a biomolecular corona. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 13:862-869. [PMID: 29915272 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-018-0171-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
To promote drug delivery to exact sites and cell types, the surface of nanocarriers is functionalized with targeting antibodies or ligands, typically coupled by covalent chemistry. Once the nanocarrier is exposed to biological fluid such as plasma, however, its surface is inevitably covered with various biomolecules forming the protein corona, which masks the targeting ability of the nanoparticle. Here, we show that we can use a pre-adsorption process to attach targeting antibodies to the surface of the nanocarrier. Pre-adsorbed antibodies remain functional and are not completely exchanged or covered by the biomolecular corona, whereas coupled antibodies are more affected by this shielding. We conclude that pre-adsorption is potentially a versatile, efficient and rapid method of attaching targeting moieties to the surface of nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Tonigold
- Dermatology Clinic, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johanna Simon
- Dermatology Clinic, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | - Jonas Reinholz
- Dermatology Clinic, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulrike Kintzel
- Dermatology Clinic, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Patricia Renz
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias P Domogalla
- Dermatology Clinic, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kerstin Steinbrink
- Dermatology Clinic, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Crespy
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Volker Mailänder
- Dermatology Clinic, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany.
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30
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Kalaydina RV, Bajwa K, Qorri B, Decarlo A, Szewczuk MR. Recent advances in "smart" delivery systems for extended drug release in cancer therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:4727-4745. [PMID: 30154657 PMCID: PMC6108334 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s168053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in nanomedicine have become indispensable for targeted drug delivery, early detection, and increasingly personalized approaches to cancer treatment. Nanoparticle-based drug-delivery systems have overcome some of the limitations associated with traditional cancer-therapy administration, such as reduced drug solubility, chemoresistance, systemic toxicity, narrow therapeutic indices, and poor oral bioavailability. Advances in the field of nanomedicine include “smart” drug delivery, or multiple levels of targeting, and extended-release drug-delivery systems that provide additional methods of overcoming these limitations. More recently, the idea of combining smart drug delivery with extended-release has emerged in hopes of developing highly efficient nanoparticles with improved delivery, bioavailability, and safety profiles. Although functionalized and extended-release drug-delivery systems have been studied extensively, there remain gaps in the literature concerning their application in cancer treatment. We aim to provide an overview of smart and extended-release drug-delivery systems for the delivery of cancer therapies, as well as to introduce innovative advancements in nanoparticle design incorporating these principles. With the growing need for increasingly personalized medicine in cancer treatment, smart extended-release nanoparticles have the potential to enhance chemotherapy delivery, patient adherence, and treatment outcomes in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Komal Bajwa
- Postgraduate Medical Education, Graduate Diploma and Professional Master in Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Queen's University
| | - Bessi Qorri
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University,
| | | | - Myron R Szewczuk
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University,
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31
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Eggermont LJ, Hammink R, Blank KG, Rowan AE, Tel J, Figdor CG. Cytokine-Functionalized Synthetic Dendritic Cells for T Cell Targeted Immunotherapies. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201800021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Loek J. Eggermont
- Department of Tumor Immunology; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences; Radboud University Medical Center; Geert Grooteplein 26 6525 GA Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Roel Hammink
- Department of Tumor Immunology; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences; Radboud University Medical Center; Geert Grooteplein 26 6525 GA Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Kerstin G. Blank
- Department of Molecular Materials; Institute for Molecules and Materials; Radboud University; Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Mechano(bio)chemistry; Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces; Potsdam-Golm Science Park 14424 Potsdam Germany
| | - Alan E. Rowan
- Department of Molecular Materials; Institute for Molecules and Materials; Radboud University; Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Jurjen Tel
- Department of Tumor Immunology; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences; Radboud University Medical Center; Geert Grooteplein 26 6525 GA Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems; Laboratory of Immunoengineering; Eindhoven University of Technology; De Zaale 15 5612 AP Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Carl G. Figdor
- Department of Tumor Immunology; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences; Radboud University Medical Center; Geert Grooteplein 26 6525 GA Nijmegen The Netherlands
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32
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Ge R, Liu C, Zhang X, Wang W, Li B, Liu J, Liu Y, Sun H, Zhang D, Hou Y, Zhang H, Yang B. Photothermal-Activatable Fe 3O 4 Superparticle Nanodrug Carriers with PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint Blockade for Anti-metastatic Cancer Immunotherapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:20342-20355. [PMID: 29878757 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b05876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Checkpoint blockade immunotherapy has shown great potential in clinical cancer therapy, but the body's systemic immune must be fully activated and generates a positive tumor-specific immune cell response. In this work, we demonstrate the design of the immune-adjuvant nanodrug carriers on the basis of poly(ethylene glycol)- block-poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid) copolymer-encapsulated Fe3O4 superparticles (SPs), in which imiquimod (R837), a kind of Toll-like receptor 7 agonist, is loaded. The nanodrug carriers are defined as Fe3O4-R837 SPs. The multitasking Fe3O4-R837 SPs can destroy the 4T1 breast tumor by photothermal therapy (PTT) under near-infrared laser irradiation to generate the tumor-associated antigens because of the high efficiency of tumor magnetic attraction ability and photothermal effect. The PTT also triggers the release of R837 as the adjuvant to trigger a strong antitumor immune response. By further combining with the checkpoint blockade adjusted by programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody, the Fe3O4-R837 SP-involved PTT cannot only eliminate the primary tumors but also prevent tumor metastasis to lungs/liver. Meanwhile, this synergistic therapy also shows abscopal effects by completely inhibiting the growth of untreated distant tumors through effectively triggering the tumors infiltrated by CD45+ leukocytes. Such findings suggest that Fe3O4-R837 SP-involved PTT can significantly potentiate the systemic therapeutic efficiency of PD-L1 checkpoint blockade therapy by activating both innate and adaptive immune systems in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , P. R. China
| | - Cangwei Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School and Hospital of Stomatology , Jilin University , Changchun 130021 , P. R. China
| | - Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , P. R. China
| | - Binxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , P. R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School and Hospital of Stomatology , Jilin University , Changchun 130021 , P. R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , P. R. China
| | - Hongchen Sun
- Department of Oral Pathology, School and Hospital of Stomatology , Jilin University , Changchun 130021 , P. R. China
| | - Daqi Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital , Jilin University , Changchun 130033 , P. R. China
| | - Yuchuan Hou
- Department of Urinary Surgery , The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun 130021 , P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , P. R. China
| | - Bai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , P. R. China
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Hu H, Wan J, Huang X, Tang Y, Xiao C, Xu H, Yang X, Li Z. iRGD-decorated reduction-responsive nanoclusters for targeted drug delivery. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:10514-10527. [PMID: 29799599 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02534g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Herein, reduction-responsive disintegratable nanoclusters (NCs) were prepared as a novel nanovehicle for targeted drug delivery. The NCs, with a diameter of ∼170 nm, were self-assembled from hydrophobically modified and iRGD decorated hydroxyethyl starch (iRGD-HES-SS-C18). DOX was loaded into the NCs as a model drug. DOX@iRGD-HES-SS-C18 NCs can disintegrate into smaller ones and release DOX under reduction stimuli. Due to the ligand-receptor binding interactions between iRGD and integrin αV, DOX@iRGD-HES-SS-C18 NCs can specifically bind to the cell membranes of HepG-2 and 4T1 cells (integrin αV positive), resulting in enhanced cellular uptake as compared to DOX@HES-SS-C18 NCs. After cellular internalization, the NCs were transported to endosomes/lysosomes in which the reductive environment triggered the disintegration and DOX release. As a consequence, DOX@iRGD-HES-SS-C18 NCs exhibited an enhanced antitumor effect as compared to DOX@HES-SS-C18 NCs and free DOX, in an in vitro antitumor activity study. The reduction-responsive disintegratable NCs reported here were proved to be a safe and efficient nanoplatform, holding significant translation potential for tumor-targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Hu
- Department of Nanomedicine and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China.
| | - Jiangling Wan
- Department of Nanomedicine and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China. and National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xuetao Huang
- Department of Nanomedicine and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China.
| | - Yuxiang Tang
- Department of Nanomedicine and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China.
| | - Chen Xiao
- Department of Nanomedicine and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China.
| | - Huibi Xu
- Department of Nanomedicine and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China. and National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xiangliang Yang
- Department of Nanomedicine and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China. and National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zifu Li
- Department of Nanomedicine and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China. and National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, High Tech Road 666, East Lake high tech Zone, Wuhan, 430040, P. R. China
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34
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Kübelbeck S, Mikhael J, Keller H, Konradi R, Andrieu-Brunsen A, Baier G. Enzyme-Polymer Conjugates to Enhance Enzyme Shelf Life in a Liquid Detergent Formulation. Macromol Biosci 2018; 18:e1800095. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201800095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jules Mikhael
- BASF SE; Carl-Bosch-Straße 38 67056 Ludwigshafen Germany
| | - Harald Keller
- BASF SE; Carl-Bosch-Straße 38 67056 Ludwigshafen Germany
| | - Rupert Konradi
- BASF SE; Carl-Bosch-Straße 38 67056 Ludwigshafen Germany
| | - Annette Andrieu-Brunsen
- Ernst-Berl-Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Grit Baier
- BASF SE; Carl-Bosch-Straße 38 67056 Ludwigshafen Germany
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35
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Agrawalla BK, Wang T, Riegger A, Domogalla MP, Steinbrink K, Dörfler T, Chen X, Boldt F, Lamla M, Michaelis J, Kuan SL, Weil T. Chemoselective Dual Labeling of Native and Recombinant Proteins. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 29:29-34. [PMID: 29231709 PMCID: PMC6242188 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The attachment of two different functionalities in a site-selective fashion represents a great challenge in protein chemistry. We report site specific dual functionalizations of peptides and proteins capitalizing on reactivity differences of cysteines in their free (thiol) and protected, oxidized (disulfide) forms. The dual functionalization of interleukin 2 and EYFP proceeded with no loss of bioactivity in a stepwise fashion applying maleimide and disulfide rebridging allyl-sulfone groups. In order to ensure broader applicability of the functionalization strategy, a novel, short peptide sequence that introduces a disulfide bridge was designed and site-selective dual labeling in the presence of biogenic groups was successfully demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031, P.R. China
| | - Andreas Riegger
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias P Domogalla
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Mainz D-55099, Germany
| | - Kerstin Steinbrink
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Mainz D-55099, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Seah Ling Kuan
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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36
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Fan W, Yung B, Huang P, Chen X. Nanotechnology for Multimodal Synergistic Cancer Therapy. Chem Rev 2017; 117:13566-13638. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1059] [Impact Index Per Article: 151.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenpei Fan
- Guangdong
Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging,
School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Key
Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education
and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Laboratory
of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical
Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Bryant Yung
- Laboratory
of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical
Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Peng Huang
- Guangdong
Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging,
School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory
of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical
Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Weil
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Synthesis of Macromolecules Department, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Barz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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38
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula T. Hammond
- Department of Chemical Engineering and
Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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39
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Abstract
Background Immunotherapy consists of activating the patient’s immune system to fight cancer and has the great potential of preventing future relapses thanks to immunological memory. A great variety of strategies have emerged to harness the immune system against tumors, from the administration of immunomodulatory agents that activate immune cells, to therapeutic vaccines or infusion of previously activated cancer-specific T cells. However, despite great recent progress many difficulties still remain, which prevent the widespread use of immunotherapy. Some of these limitations include: systemic toxicity, weak immune cellular responses or persistence over time and most ultimately costly and time-consuming procedures. Main body Synthetic and natural biomaterials hold great potential to address these hurdles providing biocompatible systems capable of targeted local delivery, co-delivery, and controlled and/or sustained release. In this review we discuss some of the bioengineered solutions and approaches developed so far and how biomaterials can be further implemented to help and shape the future of cancer immunotherapy. Conclusion The bioengineering strategies here presented constitute a powerful toolkit to develop safe and successful novel cancer immunotherapies.
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Delivering safer immunotherapies for cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 114:79-101. [PMID: 28545888 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is now a powerful clinical reality, with a steady progression of new drug approvals and a massive pipeline of additional treatments in clinical and preclinical development. However, modulation of the immune system can be a double-edged sword: Drugs that activate immune effectors are prone to serious non-specific systemic inflammation and autoimmune side effects. Drug delivery technologies have an important role to play in harnessing the power of immune therapeutics while avoiding on-target/off-tumor toxicities. Here we review mechanisms of toxicity for clinically-relevant immunotherapeutics, and discuss approaches based in drug delivery technology to enhance the safety and potency of these treatments. These include strategies to merge drug delivery with adoptive cellular therapies, targeting immunotherapies to tumors or select immune cells, and localizing therapeutics intratumorally. Rational design employing lessons learned from the drug delivery and nanomedicine fields has the potential to facilitate immunotherapy reaching its full potential.
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Sun XN, Li C, Liu Y, Du LJ, Zeng MR, Zheng XJ, Zhang WC, Liu Y, Zhu M, Kong D, Zhou L, Lu L, Shen ZX, Yi Y, Du L, Qin M, Liu X, Hua Z, Sun S, Yin H, Zhou B, Yu Y, Zhang Z, Duan SZ. T-Cell Mineralocorticoid Receptor Controls Blood Pressure by Regulating Interferon-Gamma. Circ Res 2017; 120:1584-1597. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.310480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rationale:
Hypertension remains to be a global public health burden and demands novel intervention strategies such as targeting T cells and T-cell–derived cytokines. Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists have been clinically used to treat hypertension. However, the function of T-cell MR in blood pressure (BP) regulation has not been elucidated.
Objective:
We aim to determine the role of T-cell MR in BP regulation and to explore the mechanism.
Methods and Results:
Using T-cell MR knockout mouse in combination with angiotensin II–induced hypertensive mouse model, we demonstrated that MR deficiency in T cells strikingly decreased both systolic and diastolic BP and attenuated renal and vascular damage. Flow cytometric analysis showed that T-cell MR knockout mitigated angiotensin II–induced accumulation of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)–producing T cells, particularly CD8
+
population, in both kidneys and aortas. Similarly, eplerenone attenuated angiotensin II–induced elevation of BP and accumulation of IFN-γ–producing T cells in wild-type mice. In cultured CD8
+
T cells, T-cell MR knockout suppressed IFN-γ expression whereas T-cell MR overexpression and aldosterone both enhanced IFN-γ expression. At the molecular level, MR interacted with NFAT1 (nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1) and activator protein-1 in T cells. Finally, T-cell MR overexpressing mice manifested more elevated BP compared with control mice after angiotensin II infusion and such difference was abolished by IFN-γ–neutralizing antibodies.
Conclusions:
MR may interact with NFAT1 and activator protein-1 to control IFN-γ in T cells and to regulate target organ damage and ultimately BP. Targeting MR in T cells specifically may be an effective novel approach for hypertension treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Nan Sun
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.-Z.D.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.S., Z.Z., S.-Z.D.), Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital (Y.Y., L.D., M.Q., X.L.), and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital (S.S., Z.Z
| | - Chao Li
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.-Z.D.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.S., Z.Z., S.-Z.D.), Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital (Y.Y., L.D., M.Q., X.L.), and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital (S.S., Z.Z
| | - Yuan Liu
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.-Z.D.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.S., Z.Z., S.-Z.D.), Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital (Y.Y., L.D., M.Q., X.L.), and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital (S.S., Z.Z
| | - Lin-Juan Du
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.-Z.D.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.S., Z.Z., S.-Z.D.), Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital (Y.Y., L.D., M.Q., X.L.), and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital (S.S., Z.Z
| | - Meng-Ru Zeng
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.-Z.D.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.S., Z.Z., S.-Z.D.), Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital (Y.Y., L.D., M.Q., X.L.), and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital (S.S., Z.Z
| | - Xiao-Jun Zheng
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.-Z.D.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.S., Z.Z., S.-Z.D.), Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital (Y.Y., L.D., M.Q., X.L.), and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital (S.S., Z.Z
| | - Wu-Chang Zhang
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.-Z.D.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.S., Z.Z., S.-Z.D.), Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital (Y.Y., L.D., M.Q., X.L.), and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital (S.S., Z.Z
| | - Yan Liu
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.-Z.D.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.S., Z.Z., S.-Z.D.), Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital (Y.Y., L.D., M.Q., X.L.), and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital (S.S., Z.Z
| | - Mingjiang Zhu
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.-Z.D.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.S., Z.Z., S.-Z.D.), Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital (Y.Y., L.D., M.Q., X.L.), and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital (S.S., Z.Z
| | - Deping Kong
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.-Z.D.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.S., Z.Z., S.-Z.D.), Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital (Y.Y., L.D., M.Q., X.L.), and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital (S.S., Z.Z
| | - Li Zhou
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.-Z.D.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.S., Z.Z., S.-Z.D.), Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital (Y.Y., L.D., M.Q., X.L.), and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital (S.S., Z.Z
| | - Limin Lu
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.-Z.D.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.S., Z.Z., S.-Z.D.), Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital (Y.Y., L.D., M.Q., X.L.), and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital (S.S., Z.Z
| | - Zhu-Xia Shen
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.-Z.D.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.S., Z.Z., S.-Z.D.), Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital (Y.Y., L.D., M.Q., X.L.), and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital (S.S., Z.Z
| | - Yi Yi
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.-Z.D.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.S., Z.Z., S.-Z.D.), Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital (Y.Y., L.D., M.Q., X.L.), and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital (S.S., Z.Z
| | - Lili Du
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.-Z.D.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.S., Z.Z., S.-Z.D.), Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital (Y.Y., L.D., M.Q., X.L.), and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital (S.S., Z.Z
| | - Mu Qin
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.-Z.D.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.S., Z.Z., S.-Z.D.), Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital (Y.Y., L.D., M.Q., X.L.), and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital (S.S., Z.Z
| | - Xu Liu
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.-Z.D.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.S., Z.Z., S.-Z.D.), Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital (Y.Y., L.D., M.Q., X.L.), and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital (S.S., Z.Z
| | - Zichun Hua
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.-Z.D.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.S., Z.Z., S.-Z.D.), Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital (Y.Y., L.D., M.Q., X.L.), and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital (S.S., Z.Z
| | - Shuyang Sun
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.-Z.D.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.S., Z.Z., S.-Z.D.), Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital (Y.Y., L.D., M.Q., X.L.), and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital (S.S., Z.Z
| | - Huiyong Yin
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.-Z.D.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.S., Z.Z., S.-Z.D.), Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital (Y.Y., L.D., M.Q., X.L.), and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital (S.S., Z.Z
| | - Bin Zhou
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.-Z.D.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.S., Z.Z., S.-Z.D.), Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital (Y.Y., L.D., M.Q., X.L.), and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital (S.S., Z.Z
| | - Ying Yu
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.-Z.D.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.S., Z.Z., S.-Z.D.), Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital (Y.Y., L.D., M.Q., X.L.), and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital (S.S., Z.Z
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.-Z.D.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.S., Z.Z., S.-Z.D.), Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital (Y.Y., L.D., M.Q., X.L.), and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital (S.S., Z.Z
| | - Sheng-Zhong Duan
- From the Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.-Z.D.), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology (X.-N.S., C.L., Y.L., L.-J.D., M.-R.Z., X.-J.Z., W.-C.Z., Y.L., S.S., Z.Z., S.-Z.D.), Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital (Y.Y., L.D., M.Q., X.L.), and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital (S.S., Z.Z
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