1
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Kim JH, Kwon H, Jeong M, Bang J. Heterostructure seed-mediated synthesis of zinc phosphide quantum dots for bright band-edge emission. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:17984-17991. [PMID: 39246266 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr02524e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the synthesis of colloidal zinc phosphide quantum dots (QDs) by a novel In(Zn)P cluster seed-mediated approach, addressing the challenge of achieving low-cost, high-quality, nontoxic QDs suitable for optoelectronic applications. By intentionally limiting the amount of In precursor added to a hot solvent containing Zn and P precursors, In-rich In(Zn)P cluster seeds were formed. Subsequently, these clusters served as seeds for the growth of zinc phosphide nanocrystals, effectively using the remaining Zn and P precursors for further crystal growth. The synthesized QDs exhibited a tetragonal-like Zn3P2 structure and exceptional optical properties, including band-edge photoluminescence (PL) emission under ambient conditions. A ZnS shell was applied to further enhance the PL intensity, achieving a PL quantum yield of 40% and an average PL decay lifetime of 74 ns, while significantly improving the stability of the QDs. Temperature-dependent PL spectroscopy revealed significant resistance to thermal quenching with an exciton dissociation energy of 62 meV, underscoring the potential of this approach for advancing the field of optoelectronics. This method provides a pathway to fabricate zinc phosphide-based QDs with controlled optical properties and highlights the effective use of earth-abundant materials in the development of environmentally benign photonic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Ho Kim
- Department of chemistry, Incheon National University Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyekyeong Kwon
- Department of chemistry, Incheon National University Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myoungho Jeong
- Samsung Future Technology Campus, 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Korea Republic
| | - Jiwon Bang
- Department of chemistry, Incheon National University Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Jin L, Selopal GS, Tong X, Perepichka DF, Wang ZM, Rosei F. Heavy-Metal-Free Colloidal Quantum Dots: Progress and Opportunities in Solar Technologies. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2402912. [PMID: 38923167 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) hold great promise as building blocks in solar technologies owing to their remarkable photostability and adjustable properties through the rationale involving size, atomic composition of core and shell, shapes, and surface states. However, most high-performing QDs in solar conversion contain hazardous metal elements, including Cd and Pb, posing significant environmental risks. Here, a comprehensive review of heavy-metal-free colloidal QDs for solar technologies, including photovoltaic (PV) devices, solar-to-chemical fuel conversion, and luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs), is presented. Emerging synthetic strategies to optimize the optical properties by tuning the energy band structure and manipulating charge dynamics within the QDs and at the QDs/charge acceptors interfaces, are analyzed. A comparative analysis of different synthetic methods is provided, structure-property relationships in these materials are discussed, and they are correlated with the performance of solar devices. This work is concluded with an outlook on challenges and opportunities for future work, including machine learning-based design, sustainable synthesis, and new surface/interface engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jin
- Centre for Energy, Materials and Telecommunications, National Institute of Scientific Research, 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC, J3X1P7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Gurpreet Singh Selopal
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 39 Cox Rd, Banting Building, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Xin Tong
- Shimmer Center, Tianfu Jiangxi Laboratory, Chengdu, 641419, P. R. China
| | - Dmytro F Perepichka
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Zhiming M Wang
- Shimmer Center, Tianfu Jiangxi Laboratory, Chengdu, 641419, P. R. China
| | - Federico Rosei
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgeri 1, Trieste, 34127, Italy
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3
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Xu D, Shen LL, Qin ZK, Yan S, Wang N, Wang J, Gao YJ. Construction of Reverse Type-II InP/Zn xCd 1-xS Core/Shell Quantum Dots with Low Interface Strain to Enhance Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:12582-12592. [PMID: 38917407 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The InP-based quantum dots (QDs) have attracted much attention in the field of photocatalytic H2 evolution. However, a shell should be used for InP-based photocatalytic systems to passivate the numerous surface defects. Different from the traditional InP-based core/shell QDs with Type-I or Type-II band alignment, herein, the "reverse Type-II" core/shell QDs in which both the conduction and valence bands of shell materials are more negative than those of core materials have been well-designed by regulating the ratio of Cd/Zn of the alloyed ZnxCd1-xS shell. The reverse Type-II band alignment would realize the spatial separation of photogenerated carriers. More importantly, the photogenerated holes tend to rest on the shell in the reverse Type-II QDs, which facilitate hole transfer to the surface, the rate-determining step for solar H2 evolution using QDs. Therefore, the obtained InP/Zn0.25Cd0.75S core/shell QDs exhibit superior photocatalytic activity and stability under visible light irradiation. The rate of solar H2 evolution reaches 376.19 μmol h-1 mg-1 at the initial 46 h, with a turnover number of ∼2,157,000 per QD within 70 h irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongzi Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science), Jinan 250353, P. R. China
| | - Li-Lei Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science), Jinan 250353, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Kai Qin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science), Jinan 250353, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science), Jinan 250353, P. R. China
| | - Nianxing Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Turku, Turku 20014, Finland
| | - Jingui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science), Jinan 250353, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Ji Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science), Jinan 250353, P. R. China
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4
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Jeong S, Ko M, Nam S, Oh JH, Park SM, Do YR, Song JK. Enhancement mechanism of quantum yield in core/shell/shell quantum dots of ZnS-AgIn 5S 8/ZnIn 2S 4/ZnS. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:925-933. [PMID: 38298589 PMCID: PMC10825935 DOI: 10.1039/d3na01052j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
To achieve a high quantum yield (QY) of nanomaterials suitable for optical applications, we improved the optical properties of AgIn5S8 (AIS) quantum dots (QDs) by employing an alloyed-core/inner-shell/outer-shell (ZAIS/ZIS/ZnS) structure. We also investigated the mechanism of optical transitions to clarify the improvement of QYs. In AIS, the low-energy absorption near the band edge region is attributed to the weakly allowed band gap transition, which gains oscillator strength through state intermixing and electron-phonon coupling. The main photoluminescence is also ascribed to the weakly allowed band gap transition with characteristics of self-trapped excitonic emission. With alloying/shelling processes, the weakly allowed transition is enhanced by the evolution of the electronic structures in the alloyed core, which improves the band gap emission. In shelled structures, the nonradiative process is reduced by the reconstructed lattice and passivated surface, ultimately leading to a high QY of 85% in ZAIS/ZIS/ZnS. These findings provide new insights into the optical transitions of AIS because they challenge previous conclusions. In addition, our work elucidates the mechanism behind the enhancement of QY accomplished through alloying/shelling processes, providing strategies to optimize nontoxic QDs for various applications using a green chemistry approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonghyun Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Kyung Hee University Seoul 02447 Korea
| | - Minji Ko
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University Seoul 02707 Korea
| | - Sangwon Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Kyung Hee University Seoul 02447 Korea
| | - Jun Hwan Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University Seoul 02707 Korea
| | - Seung Min Park
- Department of Chemistry, Kyung Hee University Seoul 02447 Korea
| | - Young Rag Do
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University Seoul 02707 Korea
| | - Jae Kyu Song
- Department of Chemistry, Kyung Hee University Seoul 02447 Korea
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5
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Yu P, Cao S, Wang Y, Zhao J. Repercussions of the Inner Shell Layer on the Performance of Cd-Free Quantum Dots and Their Light-Emitting Diodes. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:201-211. [PMID: 38157217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Indium phosphide (InP) and zinc selenium tellurium (ZnSeTe) quantum dots (QDs) as less toxic alternatives have received substantial attention. The structure of QDs generally consists of a QD core, inner shell layer, and outer shell layer. We reckon that the inner shell layer, especially its components and thickness, have a significant influence on the optical and electronic performances of QDs. In this Perspective, we compare optical properties of these QDs with different inner shells and summarize how typical inner shell components and thickness influence their optical properties. The impact of the inner shell on the performance of QD light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) has also been discussed. The appropriate components and thickness of the inner shell both contribute to alleviate valence or lattice mismatch, thereby enhancing the performance of QDs. We expect that this Perspective could heighten awareness of the significance and impact of the inner shell layer in QDs and facilitate further development of QDs and QLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-Cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Sheng Cao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-Cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yunjun Wang
- Suzhou Xingshuo Nanotech Co., Ltd. (Mesolight), Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jialong Zhao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-Cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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6
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Seo H, Eun HJ, Lee AY, Lee HK, Kim JH, Kim S. Colloidal InSb Quantum Dots for 1500 nm SWIR Photodetector with Antioxidation of Surface. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306439. [PMID: 38036427 PMCID: PMC10811490 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
III-V quantum dots (QDs) have emerged as significant alternatives to Cd- and Pb-based QDs, garnering notable attention over the past two decades. However, the understanding of III-V QDs, particularly in the short wave-infrared (SWIR) region, remains limited. InAs QDs are widely recognized as the most prominent SWIR QDs, but their absorption beyond 1400 nm presents various challenges. Consequently, InSb QDs with relatively narrower bandgaps have been investigated; however, research on their device applications is lacking. In this study, InSb QDs are synthesized with absorption ranging from 1000 to 1700 nm by introducing Cl- ions to enhance QD surface stability during synthesis. Additionally, it coated InAs and ZnSe shells onto the InSb QDs to validate photoluminescence in the SWIR region and improve photostability. Subsequently, these QDs are employed in the fabrication of photodetector devices, resulting in photodetection above 1500 nm using Pb-free QDs. The photodetection device exhibited an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 11.4% at 1370 nm and 6.3% at 1520 nm for InSb core QDs, and 4.6% at 1520 nm for InSb/InAs core/shell QDs, marking the successful implementation of such a device. In detail, the 1520 nm for InSb core device showed a dark current density(JD ) value of: 1.46 × 10-9 A/cm2 , responsivity(R): 0.078 A/W, and specific detectivity based on the shot noise(Dsh *): 3.6 × 1012 Jones at 0 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haewoon Seo
- Department of Molecular Science and TechnologyAI‐Superconvergence KIURI Translational Research CenterAjou UniversitySuwonGyeonggi‐do443–749Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Ju Eun
- Department of Molecular Science and TechnologyAjou UniversitySuwonGyeonggi‐do443–749Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Yeong Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and TechnologyAjou UniversitySuwonGyeonggi‐do443–749Republic of Korea
| | - Hang Ken Lee
- Advanced Energy Materials Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)Daejeon34114Republic of Korea
| | - Jong H. Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and TechnologyAjou UniversitySuwonGyeonggi‐do443–749Republic of Korea
| | - Sang‐Wook Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and TechnologyAjou UniversitySuwonGyeonggi‐do443–749Republic of Korea
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7
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Fan XB, Shin DW, Lee S, Ye J, Yu S, Morgan DJ, Arbab A, Yang J, Jo JW, Kim Y, Jung SM, Davies PR, Rao A, Hou B, Kim JM. InP/ZnS quantum dot photoluminescence modulation via in situ H 2S interface engineering. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2023; 8:522-529. [PMID: 36790218 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00436d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
InP quantum dots (QDs) are attracting significant interest as a potentially less toxic alternative to Cd-based QDs in many research areas. Although InP-based core/shell QDs with excellent photoluminescence properties have been reported so far, sophisticated interface treatment to eliminate defects is often necessary. Herein, using aminophosphine as a seeding source of phosphorus, we find that H2S can be efficiently generated from the reaction between a thiol and an alkylamine at high temperatures. Apart from general comprehension that H2S acts as a S precursor, it is revealed that with core etching by H2S, the interface between InP and ZnS can be reconstructed with S2- incorporation. Such a transition layer can reduce inherent defects at the interface, resulting in significant photoluminescence (PL) enhancement. Meanwhile, the size of the InP core could be further controlled by H2S etching, which offers a feasible process to obtain wide band gap InP-based QDs with blue emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Bing Fan
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK.
| | - Dong-Wook Shin
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK.
| | - Sanghyo Lee
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK.
| | - Junzhi Ye
- The Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Shan Yu
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - David J Morgan
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Adrees Arbab
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK.
| | - Jiajie Yang
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK.
| | - Jeong-Wan Jo
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK.
| | - Yoonwoo Kim
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK.
| | - Sung-Min Jung
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK.
| | - Philip R Davies
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Akshay Rao
- The Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Bo Hou
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK
| | - Jong Min Kim
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK.
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8
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Hu HL, Hao H, Ren X, Chen ZY, Liu M, Liu Y, Jiang FL. Bright InP Quantum Dots by Mid-Synthetic Modification with Zinc Halides. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:2877-2886. [PMID: 36723932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
InP quantum dots (QDs) attract growing interest in recent years, owing to their environmental advantages upon applications in display and lighting. However, compared to Cd-based QDs and Pb-based perovskites, the synthesis of InP QDs with high optical quality is relatively more difficult. Here, we established a mid-synthetic modification approach to improve the optical properties of InP-based QDs. Tris(dimethylamino)phosphine ((DMA)3P) and indium iodide were used to prepare InP QDs with a green emission (∼527 nm). By introducing zinc halides (ZnX2) during the mid-synthetic process, the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of the resulting InP/ZnSeS/ZnS core/shell/shell QDs was increased to >70%, and the full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) could be narrowed to ∼40 nm. Transmission electron microscopy clearly showed the improvement of the QDs particle size distribution after introducing ZnX2. It was speculated that ZnX2 was bound to the surface of QDs as a Z-type ligand, which not only passivated surface defects and suppressed the emission of defect states but also prevented Ostwald ripening. The InP cores were also activated by ZnX2, which made the growth of the ZnSeS shell more favorable. The photoluminescence properties started to be improved significantly only when the amount of ZnX2 exceeded 0.5 mmol. As the amount increased, more ZnX2 was distributed around the QDs to form a ligand layer, which prevented the shell precursor from crossing the ligand layer to the surface of the InP core, thus reducing the size of the InP/ZnSeS/ZnS QDs. This work revealed a new role of ZnX2 and found a method for InP QDs with high brightness and low FWHM by the mid-synthetic modification, which would inspire the synthesis of even better InP QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ling Hu
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan430072, P. R. China
| | - Hao Hao
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan430072, P. R. China
| | - Xue Ren
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan430072, P. R. China
| | - Zhe-Yong Chen
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan430072, P. R. China
| | - Meng Liu
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan430072, P. R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan430072, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan430023, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Lei Jiang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan430072, P. R. China
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9
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Kim S, Park S, Kim M, Jeong S. Synthesis of single‐crystalline
InP
tetrapod nanocrystals via addition of
ZnCl
2
. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunghu Kim
- Department of Energy Science (DOES) and Center for Artificial Atoms Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) Suwon Gyeonggi‐do South Korea
| | - Seongmin Park
- Department of Energy Science (DOES) and Center for Artificial Atoms Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) Suwon Gyeonggi‐do South Korea
- SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST) Suwon Gyeonggi‐do South Korea
| | - Meeree Kim
- Department of Energy Science (DOES) and Center for Artificial Atoms Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) Suwon Gyeonggi‐do South Korea
- SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST) Suwon Gyeonggi‐do South Korea
| | - Sohee Jeong
- Department of Energy Science (DOES) and Center for Artificial Atoms Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) Suwon Gyeonggi‐do South Korea
- SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST) Suwon Gyeonggi‐do South Korea
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10
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Asor L, Liu J, Xiang S, Tessler N, Frenkel AI, Banin U. Zn-Doped P-Type InAs Nanocrystal Quantum Dots. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208332. [PMID: 36398421 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Doped heavy metal-free III-V semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs) are of great interest both from the fundamental aspects of doping in highly confined structures, and from the applicative side of utilizing such building blocks in the fabrication of p-n homojunction devices. InAs nanocrystals (NCs), that are of particular relevance for short-wave IR detection and emission applications, manifest heavy n-type character poising a challenge for their transition to p-type behavior. The p-type doping of InAs NCs is presented with Zn - enabling control over the charge carrier type in InAs QDs field effect transistors. The post-synthesis doping reaction mechanism is studied for Zn precursors with varying reactivity. Successful p-type doping is achieved by the more reactive precursor, diethylzinc. Substitutional doping by Zn2+ replacing In3+ is established by X-ray absorption spectroscopy analysis. Furthermore, enhanced near infrared photoluminescence is observed due to surface passivation by Zn as indicated from elemental mapping utilizing high-resolution electron microscopy corroborated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study. The demonstrated ability to control the carrier type, along with the improved emission characteristics, paves the way towards fabrication of optoelectronic devices active in the short-wave infrared region utilizing heavy-metal free nanocrystal building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lior Asor
- The Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Manhattan College, Riverdale, New York, 10471, USA
| | - Shuting Xiang
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, USA
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, 11973, USA
| | - Nir Tessler
- The Zisapel Nano-Electronics Center, Department of Electrical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Anatoly I Frenkel
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, USA
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, 11973, USA
| | - Uri Banin
- The Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
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11
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Bahmani Jalali H, De Trizio L, Manna L, Di Stasio F. Indium arsenide quantum dots: an alternative to lead-based infrared emitting nanomaterials. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:9861-9881. [PMID: 36408788 PMCID: PMC9743785 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00490a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) emitting in the infrared (IR) are promising building blocks for numerous photonic, optoelectronic and biomedical applications owing to their low-cost solution-processability and tunable emission. Among them, lead- and mercury-based QDs are currently the most developed materials. Yet, due to toxicity issues, the scientific community is focusing on safer alternatives. In this regard, indium arsenide (InAs) QDs are one of the best candidates as they can absorb and emit light in the whole near infrared spectral range and they are RoHS-compliant, with recent trends suggesting that there is a renewed interest in this class of materials. This review focuses on colloidal InAs QDs and aims to provide an up-to-date overview spanning from their synthesis and surface chemistry to post-synthesis modifications. We provide a comprehensive overview from initial synthetic methods to the most recent developments on the ability to control the size, size distribution, electronic properties and carrier dynamics. Then, we describe doping and alloying strategies applied to InAs QDs as well as InAs based heterostructures. Furthermore, we present the state-of-the-art applications of InAs QDs, with a particular focus on bioimaging and field effect transistors. Finally, we discuss open challenges and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houman Bahmani Jalali
- Photonic Nanomaterials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
- Nanochemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Luca De Trizio
- Nanochemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Liberato Manna
- Nanochemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Stasio
- Photonic Nanomaterials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
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12
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Zeng S, Li Z, Tan W, Si J, Li Y, Hou X. Ultrafast Charge Carrier Dynamics in InP/ZnSe/ZnS Core/Shell/Shell Quantum Dots. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3817. [PMID: 36364592 PMCID: PMC9657385 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The excellent performance of InP/ZnSe/ZnS core/shell/shell quantum dots (CSS-QDs) in light-emitting diodes benefits from the introduction of a ZnSe midshell. Understanding the changes of ultrafast carrier dynamics caused by the ZnSe midshell is important for their optoelectronic applications. Herein, we have compared the ultrafast carrier dynamics in CSS-QDs and InP/ZnS core/shell QDs (CS-QDs) using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. The results show that the ZnSe midshell intensifies the electron delocalization and prolongs the in-band relaxation time of electrons from 238 fs to 350 fs, and that of holes from hundreds of femtoseconds to 1.6 ps. We also found that the trapping time caused by deep defects increased from 25.6 ps to 76 ps, and there were significantly reduced defect emissions in CSS-QDs. Moreover, the ZnSe midshell leads to a significantly increased density of higher-energy hole states above the valence band-edge, which may reduce the probability of Auger recombination caused by the positive trion. This work enhances our understanding of the excellent performance of the CSS-QDs applied to light-emitting diodes, and is likely to be helpful for the further optimization and design of optoelectronic devices based on the CSS-QDs.
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13
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Yoo D, Bak E, Ju HM, Shin YM, Choi MJ. Zinc Carboxylate Surface Passivation for Enhanced Optical Properties of In(Zn)P Colloidal Quantum Dots. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13101775. [PMID: 36296128 PMCID: PMC9610929 DOI: 10.3390/mi13101775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Indium phosphide (InP) colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) have generated great interest as next-generation light-emitting materials owing to their narrow emission spectra and environment-friendly components. The minimized surface defects is essential to achieve narrow full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) and high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). However, InP CQDs are readily oxidized in ambient condition, which results in formation of oxidation defect states on the surface of InP CQDs. Herein, we introduce a strategy to successfully passivate the surface defects of InP core by zinc complexes. The zinc carboxylates passivation reduces FWHM of InP CQDs from 130 nm to 70 nm and increases PLQY from 1% to 14% without shelling. Furthermore, the photoluminescence (PL) peak has shifted from 670 nm to 510 nm with an increase of zinc carboxylates passivation, which suggests that excessive zinc carboxylates functions as a size-regulating reagent in the synthesis.
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14
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Nemoto K, Watanabe J, Sun HT, Shirahata N. Coherent InP/ZnS core@shell quantum dots with narrow-band green emissions. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:9900-9909. [PMID: 35781556 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02071h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report, for the first time, that the coherent growth of zinc sulfide (ZnS) on a colloidal indium phosphide (InP) quantum dot (QD) yields a InP/ZnS core/shell structure with a single lattice constant of 0.563 nm. Compared to the bulk crystal of zinc-blend (cubic) InP, the lattice of the core QD is compressed by 4.1%. In contrast, the lattice of the shell expands by 4.1% relative to the bulky ZnS crystal throughout the core/shell QD if the shell is thinner than or equal to 0.81 nm and the diameter of the core QD is smaller than 2.64 nm. Under these conditions, the bandgap of the core QD increases, resulting in a blueshift of absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The PL peak is centered at 523 nm. Furthermore, the PL quantum yield is enhanced up to 70% and the PL bandwidth narrows to 36 nm based on the strengthened quantum confinement effect. The temperature dependence of the PL properties is investigated to discuss the effect of the core/shell lattice coherency on the improved PL performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Nemoto
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan.
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0814, Japan
| | - Junpei Watanabe
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan.
- Department of Physics, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Hong-Tao Sun
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan.
| | - Naoto Shirahata
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan.
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0814, Japan
- Department of Physics, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
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15
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Van Avermaet H, Schiettecatte P, Hinz S, Giordano L, Ferrari F, Nayral C, Delpech F, Maultzsch J, Lange H, Hens Z. Full-Spectrum InP-Based Quantum Dots with Near-Unity Photoluminescence Quantum Efficiency. ACS NANO 2022; 16:9701-9712. [PMID: 35709384 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photoluminescent color conversion by quantum dots (QDs) makes possible the formation of spectrum-on-demand light sources by combining blue LEDs with the light generated by a specific blend of QDs. Such applications, however, require a near-unity photoluminescence quantum efficiency since self-absorption magnifies disproportionally the impact of photon losses on the overall conversion efficiency. Here, we present a synthesis protocol for forming InP-based QDs with +90% quantum efficiency across the full visible spectrum from blue/cyan to red. The central features of our approach are as follows: (1) the formation of InP core QDs through one-batch-one-size reactions based on aminophosphine as the phosphorus precursor, (2) the introduction of a core/shell/shell InP/Zn(Se,S)/ZnS structure, and (3) the use of specific interfacial treatments, most notably the saturation of the ZnSe surface with zinc acetate prior to ZnS shell growth. Moreover, we adapted the composition of the Zn(Se,S) inner shell to attain the intended emission color while minimizing line broadening induced by the InP/ZnS lattice mismatch. The protocol is established by analysis of the QD composition and structure using multiple techniques, including solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy, and verified for reproducibility by having different researchers execute the same protocol. The realization of full-spectrum, +90% quantum efficiency will strongly facilitate research into light-matter interaction in general and luminescent color conversion in particular through InP-based QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Van Avermaet
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Ghent University, Gent 9000, Belgium
- Center for Nano and Biophotonics, Ghent University, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Pieter Schiettecatte
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Ghent University, Gent 9000, Belgium
- Center for Nano and Biophotonics, Ghent University, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Sandra Hinz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg 20146, Germany
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Luca Giordano
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Ghent University, Gent 9000, Belgium
- Center for Nano and Biophotonics, Ghent University, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Fabio Ferrari
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSA, UPS, Toulouse CEDEX-4 31077, France
| | - Céline Nayral
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSA, UPS, Toulouse CEDEX-4 31077, France
| | - Fabien Delpech
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSA, UPS, Toulouse CEDEX-4 31077, France
| | - Janina Maultzsch
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Holger Lange
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg 20146, Germany
| | - Zeger Hens
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Ghent University, Gent 9000, Belgium
- Center for Nano and Biophotonics, Ghent University, Gent 9000, Belgium
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16
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Zhu D, Bellato F, Bahmani Jalali H, Di Stasio F, Prato M, Ivanov YP, Divitini G, Infante I, De Trizio L, Manna L. ZnCl 2 Mediated Synthesis of InAs Nanocrystals with Aminoarsine. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:10515-10523. [PMID: 35648676 PMCID: PMC9204758 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The most developed
approaches for the synthesis of InAs nanocrystals
(NCs) rely on pyrophoric, toxic, and not readily available tris-trimethylsilyl
(or tris-trimethylgermil) arsine precursors. Less toxic and commercially
available chemicals, such as tris(dimethylamino)arsine, have recently
emerged as alternative As precursors. Nevertheless, InAs NCs made
with such compounds need to be further optimized in terms of size
distribution and optical properties in order to meet the standard
reached with tris-trimethylsilyl arsine. To this aim, in this work
we investigated the role of ZnCl2 used as an additive in
the synthesis of InAs NCs with tris(dimethylamino)arsine and alane N,N-dimethylethylamine as the reducing
agent. We discovered that ZnCl2 helps not only to improve
the size distribution of InAs NCs but also to passivate their surface
acting as a Z-type ligand. The presence of ZnCl2 on the
surface of the NCs and the excess of Zn precursor used in the synthesis
enable the subsequent in situ growth of a ZnSe shell,
which is realized by simply adding the Se precursor to the crude reaction
mixture. The resulting InAs@ZnSe core@shell NCs exhibit photoluminescence
emission at ∼860 nm with a quantum yield as high as 42±4%, which is a record for such heterostructures,
given the relatively high mismatch (6%) between InAs and ZnSe. Such
bright emission was ascribed to the formation, under our peculiar
reaction conditions, of an In–Zn–Se intermediate layer
between the core and the shell, as indicated by X-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy and elemental analyses, which helps to release the strain
between the two materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fulvio Bellato
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
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17
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Jiang X, Fan Z, Luo L, Wang L. Advances and Challenges in Heavy-Metal-Free InP Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:709. [PMID: 35630176 PMCID: PMC9145869 DOI: 10.3390/mi13050709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Light-emitting diodes based on colloidal quantum dots (QLEDs) show a good prospect in commercial application due to their narrow spectral linewidths, wide color range, excellent luminance efficiency, and long operating lifetime. However, the toxicity of heavy-metal elements, such as Cd-based QLEDs or Pb-based perovskite QLEDs, with excellent performance, will inevitably pose a serious threat to people's health and the environment. Among heavy-metal-free materials, InP quantum dots (QDs) have been paid special attention, because of their wide emission, which can, in principle, be tuned throughout the whole visible and near-infrared range by changing their size, and InP QDs are generally regarded as one of the most promising materials for heavy-metal-free QLEDs for the next generation displays and solid-state lighting. In this review, the great progress of QLEDs, based on the fundamental structure and photophysical properties of InP QDs, is illustrated systematically. In addition, the remarkable achievements of QLEDs, based on their modification of materials, such as ligands exchange of InP QDs, and the optimization of the charge transport layer, are summarized. Finally, an outlook is shown about the challenge faced by QLED, as well as possible pathway to enhancing the device performance. This review provides an overview of the recent developments of InP QLED applications and outlines the challenges for achieving the high-performance devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Jiang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (X.J.); (Z.F.) ; (L.L.)
| | - Zhen Fan
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (X.J.); (Z.F.) ; (L.L.)
| | - Li Luo
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (X.J.); (Z.F.) ; (L.L.)
| | - Lishuang Wang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (X.J.); (Z.F.) ; (L.L.)
- Guangxi Key Lab of Processing for Nonferrous Metals and Featured Materials and Key Lab of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Nanning 530004, China
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18
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Roy D, De CK, Ghosh S, Mukherjee S, Mandal S, Mandal PK. Ultrafast dynamics and ultrasensitive single particle spectroscopy of optically robust core/alloy shell semiconductor quantum dots. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:8578-8590. [PMID: 35355030 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05780d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A "one-pot one-step" synthesis method of Core/Alloy Shell (CAS) quantum dots (QDs) offers the scope of large scale synthesis in a less time consuming, more economical, highly reproducible and high-throughput manner in comparison to "multi-pot multi-step" synthesis for Core/Shell (CS) QDs. Rapid initial nucleation, and smooth & uniform shell growth lead to the formation of a compositionally-gradient alloyed hetero-structure with very significantly reduced interfacial trap density in CAS QDs. Thus, interfacial strain gets reduced in a much smoother manner leading to enhanced confinement for the photo-generated charge carriers in CAS QDs. Convincing proof of alloy-shelling for a CAS QD has been provided from HRTEM images at the single particle level. The band gap could be tuned as a function of composition, temperature, reactivity difference of precursors, etc. and a high PLQY and improved photochemical stability could be achieved for a small sized CAS QD. From the ultrafast exciton dynamics in CdSe and InP CAS QDs, it has been shown that (a) the hot exciton thermalization/relaxation happens in <500 fs, (b) hot electron trapping dynamics occurs within a ∼1 ps time scale, (c) band edge exciton trapping occurs within a 10-25 ps timescale and (d) for CdSe CAS QDs the hot hole gets trapped in about 35 ps. From fast PL decay dynamics, it has been shown that the amplitude of the intermediate time constant can be correlated with the PLQY. A model has been provided to understand these ultrafast to fast exciton dynamical processes. At the ultrasensitive single particle level, unlike CS QDs, CdSe CAS QDs have been shown to exhibit (a) constancy of PLmax (i.e. no bluing) and (b) constancy of PL intensity (i.e. no bleaching) of the single CAS QDs for continuous irradiation for one hour under an air atmosphere. Thus, CAS QDs hold the promise of being a superior optical probe in comparison to CS QDs both at the ensemble and at the single particle level, leading to enhanced flexibility of the CAS QDs towards designing and developing next generation application devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debjit Roy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India.
| | - Chayan K De
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India.
| | - Swarnali Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India.
| | - Soumen Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India.
| | - Saptarshi Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India.
| | - Prasun K Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India. .,Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India
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19
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Sun Z, Wu Q, Wang S, Cao F, Wang Y, Li L, Wang H, Kong L, Yan L, Yang X. Suppressing the Cation Exchange at the Core/Shell Interface of InP Quantum Dots by a Selenium Shielding Layer Enables Efficient Green Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:15401-15406. [PMID: 35316038 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Indium phosphide (InP) quantum dots (QDs) have demonstrated great potential for light-emitting diode (LED) application because of their excellent optical properties and nontoxicity. However, the over performance of InP QDs still lags behind that of CdSe QDs, and one of main reasons is that the Zn traps in InP lattices can be formed through the cation exchange in the ZnSe shell growth process. Herein, we realized highly luminescent InP/ZnSe/ZnS QDs by constructing Se-rich shielding layers on the surfaces of InP cores, which simultaneously protect the InP cores from the invasion of Zn2+ into InP lattices and facilitate the ZnSe shell growth via the reaction between Zn2+ precursors and Se2- shielding layers. The as-synthesized green InP/ZnSe/ZnS QDs had a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of up to 87%. The fabricated QLEDs present a peak external quantum efficiency of 6.2% with an improved efficiency roll-off at high luminance, which is 2 times higher than that of control devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjiang Sun
- Shanghai University Microelectronic R&D Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 201900, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, 149 Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, 149 Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Fan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, 149 Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Yimin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, 149 Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Lufa Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, 149 Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Haihui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, 149 Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Lingmei Kong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, 149 Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Limin Yan
- Shanghai University Microelectronic R&D Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 201900, P. R. China
| | - Xuyong Yang
- Shanghai University Microelectronic R&D Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 201900, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, 149 Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
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20
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Manoj B, Somasundaran SM, Rajan D, Thirunavukkuarasu S, Thomas KG. InP-Bovine Serum Albumin Conjugates as Energy Transfer Probes. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:2635-2646. [PMID: 35353512 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c10134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The use of indium phosphide (InP) quantum dots (QDs) as biological fluorophores is limited by the low photoluminescence quantum yield (ϕPL) and the lack of effective bioconjugation strategies. The former issue has been addressed by introducing a strain relaxing intermediate shell such as ZnSe, GaP etc. that significantly enhances the ϕPL of InP. Herein, we present an effective strategy for the conjugation of emissive InP/GaP/ZnS QDs with a commonly used globular protein, namely bovine serum albumin (BSA), which generate colloidally stable QD bioconjugates, labeled as InP-BSA and demonstrate its use as energy transfer probes. The conjugate contains one protein per QD, and the circular dichroism spectra of BSA and InP-BSA exhibit similar fractions of α-helix and β-sheet, reflective of the fact that the secondary structure of the protein is intact on binding. More importantly, the fluorescence polarization studies corroborate the fact that the bound protein can hold a variety of chromophoric acceptors. Upon selectively exciting the InP-BSA component in the presence of bound chromophores, a reduction in the emission intensity of the donor is observed with a concomitant increase in emission of the acceptor. Time-resolved investigations further confirm an efficient nonradiative energy transfer from InP-BSA to the bound acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskaran Manoj
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Sanoop Mambully Somasundaran
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Devika Rajan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Shyamala Thirunavukkuarasu
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - K George Thomas
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
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21
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Choi Y, Kim D, Shin YS, Lee W, Orr S, Kim JY, Park J. Highly luminescent red-emitting In(Zn)P quantum dots using zinc oxo cluster: synthesis and application to light-emitting diodes. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:2771-2779. [PMID: 35119065 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr08038e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the importance of separating nucleation steps from growth steps for the production of monodisperse highly luminescent In(Zn)P quantum dots (QDs), the practical implementation of this strategy is hindered by the high reactivity and fast depletion of conventional P precursors. This problem can be mitigated through the use of (i) Zn oxo clusters, which effectively regulate the kinetics of QD growth and prevent the fast depletion of conventional P precursors in the nucleation step, or (ii) seed-mediated continuous growth methods, which avoid secondary nucleation in the growth step and yield red-emitting InP QDs. Herein, we combine approaches (i) and (ii) to synthesize red-emitting In(Zn)P QDs with a high photoluminescence quantum yield (>93%) and a low emission bandwidth (full width at half maximum = 38 nm), revealing that our strategy hinders the carboxylate ketonization-induced generation of byproducts and suppresses the surface oxidation of In(Zn)P QDs during growth steps. The prepared In(Zn)P QDs are used to fabricate QD light-emitting diodes with a maximum brightness of 1164 cd m-2 and an external quantum efficiency of 3.61%. Thus, our results pave the way to the replacement of toxic Cd- and Pb-based QDs with more eco-friendly Zn- and In-based analogs for a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghoon Choi
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dohoon Kim
- DUKSAN Techopia Co., Ltd, Cheonan 31217, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Seop Shin
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woojin Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seungjin Orr
- STMicroelectronics, Inc., 2755 Great America Way, Santa Clara, CA 95054, USA
| | - Jin Young Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jongnam Park
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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22
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Kim Y, Lee S. Investigating the role of zinc precursor during the synthesis of the core of III-V QDs. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 58:875-878. [PMID: 34935786 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05791j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the role of Zn precursor based on hard and soft acids and bases theory, we introduced Mn and Ca precursors along with Zn precursor. The synthesis of III-V cores with these three metal precursors revealed that the roles of Zn precursor are as a reaction suppressant, a size regulator, and a dopant. Furthermore, we discovered which role was primarily played by Zn precursor at different concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Kim
- School of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seonghoon Lee
- School of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Stone D, Koley S, Remennik S, Asor L, Panfil YE, Naor T, Banin U. Luminescent Anisotropic Wurtzite InP Nanocrystals. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:10032-10039. [PMID: 34807613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Indium phosphide (InP) nanocrystals are emerging as an alternative to heavy metal containing nanocrystals for optoelectronic applications but lag behind in terms of synthetic control. Herein, luminescent wurtzite InP nanocrystals with narrow size distribution were synthesized via a cation exchange reaction from hexagonal Cu3P nanocrystals. A comprehensive surface treatment with NOBF4 was performed, which removes excess copper while generating stoichiometric In/P nanocrystals with fluoride surface passivation. The attained InP nanocrystals manifest a highly resolved absorption spectrum with a narrow emission line of 80 meV, and photoluminescence quantum yield of up to 40%. Optical anisotropy measurements on ensemble and single particle bases show the occurrence of polarized transitions directly mirroring the anisotropic wurtzite lattice, as also manifested from modeling of the quantum confined electronic levels. This shows a green synthesis path for achieving wurtzite InP nanocrystals with desired optoelectronic properties including color purity and light polarization with potential for diverse optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Stone
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Somnath Koley
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Sergei Remennik
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Lior Asor
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Yossef E Panfil
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Tom Naor
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Uri Banin
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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24
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Sung YM, Kim TG, Yun DJ, Lim M, Ko DS, Jung C, Won N, Park S, Jeon WS, Lee HS, Kim JH, Jun S, Sul S, Hwang S. Increasing the Energy Gap between Band-Edge and Trap States Slows Down Picosecond Carrier Trapping in Highly Luminescent InP/ZnSe/ZnS Quantum Dots. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2102792. [PMID: 34636144 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Non-toxic InP-based nanocrystals have been developed for promising candidates for commercial optoelectronic applications and they still require further improvement on photophysical properties, compared to Cd-based quantum dots (QDs), for better device efficiency and long-term stability. It is, therefore, essential to understand the precise mechanism of carrier trapping even in the state-of-the-art InP-based QD with near-unity luminescence. Here, it is shown that using time-resolved spectroscopic measurements of systematically size-controlled InP/ZnSe/ZnS core/shell/shell QDs with the quantum yield close to one, carrier trapping decreases with increasing the energy difference between band-edge and trap states, indicating that the process follows the energy gap law, well known in molecular photochemistry for nonradiative internal conversion between two electronic states. Similar to the molecular view of the energy gap law, it is found that the energy gap between the band-edge and trap states is closely associated with ZnSe phonons that assist carrier trapping into defects in highly luminescent InP/ZnSe/ZnS QDs. These findings represent a striking departure from the generally accepted view of carrier trapping mechanism in QDs in the Marcus normal region, providing a step forward understanding how excitons in nanocrystals interact with traps, and offering valuable guidance for making highly efficient and stable InP-based QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Mo Sung
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Suwon, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Gon Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Suwon, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jin Yun
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Suwon, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Mihye Lim
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Suwon, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Su Ko
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Suwon, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhoon Jung
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Suwon, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayoun Won
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Suwon, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjun Park
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Suwon, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Sung Jeon
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Suwon, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Sug Lee
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Suwon, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwa Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Suwon, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinae Jun
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Suwon, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohwan Sul
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Suwon, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hwang
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Suwon, 16678, Republic of Korea
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25
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Park N, Eagle FW, DeLarme AJ, Monahan M, LoCurto T, Beck R, Li X, Cossairt BM. Tuning the interfacial stoichiometry of InP core and InP/ZnSe core/shell quantum dots. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:084701. [PMID: 34470352 DOI: 10.1063/5.0060462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate fine-tuning of the atomic composition of InP/ZnSe quantum dots (QDs) at the core/shell interface. Specifically, we control the stoichiometry of both anions (P, As, S, and Se) and cations (In and Zn) at the InP/ZnSe core/shell interface and correlate these changes with the resultant steady-state and time-resolved optical properties of the nanocrystals. The use of reactive trimethylsilyl reagents results in surface-limited reactions that shift the nanocrystal stoichiometry to anion-rich and improve epitaxial growth of the shell layer. In general, anion deposition on the InP QD surface results in a redshift in the absorption, quenching of the excitonic photoluminescence, and a relative increase in the intensity of broad trap-based photoluminescence, consistent with delocalization of the exciton wavefunction and relaxation of exciton confinement. Time-resolved photoluminescence data for the resulting InP/ZnSe QDs show an overall small change in the decay dynamics on the ns timescale, suggesting that the relatively low photoluminescence quantum yields may be attributed to the creation of new thermally activated charge trap states and likely a dark population that is inseparable from the emissive QDs. Cluster-model density functional theory calculations show that the presence of core/shell interface anions gives rise to electronic defects contributing to the redshift in the absorption. These results highlight a general strategy to atomistically tune the interfacial stoichiometry of InP QDs using surface-limited reaction chemistry allowing for precise correlations with the electronic structure and photophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayon Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-1700, USA
| | - Forrest W Eagle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-1700, USA
| | - Asher J DeLarme
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-1700, USA
| | - Madison Monahan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-1700, USA
| | - Talia LoCurto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-1700, USA
| | - Ryan Beck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-1700, USA
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-1700, USA
| | - Brandi M Cossairt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-1700, USA
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26
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Pu YC, Fan HC, Chang JC, Chen YH, Tseng SW. Effects of Interfacial Oxidative Layer Removal on Charge Carrier Recombination Dynamics in InP/ZnSe xS 1-x Core/Shell Quantum Dots. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:7194-7200. [PMID: 34309384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Red-light-emitting InP/ZnSexS1-x core/shell quantum dots (QDs) were prepared by one-pot synthesis with optimal hydrogen fluoride (HF) treatment. Most of the surficial oxidative species could be removed, and the dangling bonds would be passivated by Zn ions for the InP cores during HF treatment, which would be beneficial to the subsequent ZnSexS1-x shell coating. Three-dimensional time-resolved photoluminescence spectra of the QD samples were analyzed by singular value decomposition global fitting to determine the radiative and nonradiative lifetimes of charge carriers. A proposed model illustrated that the charge carriers in the InP/ZnSexS1-x QDs with interfacial oxidative layer removal would evidently recombine through radiative pathways, mainly from the conduction band to the valence band (lifetime, 33 ns) and partially from the trap states (lifetime, 150 ns). This work offers the important physical insight into the charge carrier dynamics of low-toxicity QDs which have the desired optical properties for optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chih Pu
- Department of Materials Science, National University of Tainan, Tainan 70005, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chuan Fan
- Department of Materials Science, National University of Tainan, Tainan 70005, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Cheng Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan
- Bachelor Program in Interdisciplinary Studies, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hung Chen
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wen Tseng
- Core Facility Center of National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
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27
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Eren G, Sadeghi S, Bahmani Jalali H, Ritter M, Han M, Baylam I, Melikov R, Onal A, Oz F, Sahin M, Ow-Yang CW, Sennaroglu A, Lechner RT, Nizamoglu S. Cadmium-Free and Efficient Type-II InP/ZnO/ZnS Quantum Dots and Their Application for LEDs. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:32022-32030. [PMID: 34196177 PMCID: PMC8283760 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
It is a generally accepted perspective that type-II nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs) have low quantum yield due to the separation of the electron and hole wavefunctions. Recently, high quantum yield levels were reported for cadmium-based type-II QDs. Hence, the quest for finding non-toxic and efficient type-II QDs is continuing. Herein, we demonstrate environmentally benign type-II InP/ZnO/ZnS core/shell/shell QDs that reach a high quantum yield of ∼91%. For this, ZnO layer was grown on core InP QDs by thermal decomposition, which was followed by a ZnS layer via successive ionic layer adsorption. The small-angle X-ray scattering shows that spherical InP core and InP/ZnO core/shell QDs turn into elliptical particles with the growth of the ZnS shell. To conserve the quantum efficiency of QDs in device architectures, InP/ZnO/ZnS QDs were integrated in the liquid state on blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as down-converters that led to an external quantum efficiency of 9.4% and a power conversion efficiency of 6.8%, respectively, which is the most efficient QD-LED using type-II QDs. This study pointed out that cadmium-free type-II QDs can reach high efficiency levels, which can stimulate novel forms of devices and nanomaterials for bioimaging, display, and lighting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guncem
Ozgun Eren
- Department
of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Koç
University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Sadra Sadeghi
- Graduate
School of Material Science and Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Houman Bahmani Jalali
- Department
of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Koç
University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Maximilian Ritter
- Institute
of Physics, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Leoben 8700, Austria
| | - Mertcan Han
- Department
of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Isinsu Baylam
- Koç
University Surface Science and Technology Center (KUYTAM), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Rustamzhon Melikov
- Department
of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Asim Onal
- Graduate
School of Material Science and Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Fatma Oz
- Department
of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Koç
University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sahin
- Department
of Nanotechnology Engineering, Abdullah
Gul University, Kayseri 38080, Turkey
| | - Cleva W. Ow-Yang
- SUNUM
Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Alphan Sennaroglu
- Koç
University Surface Science and Technology Center (KUYTAM), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- Laser
Research Laboratory, Departments of Physics and Electrical-Electronics
Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Rainer T. Lechner
- Institute
of Physics, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Leoben 8700, Austria
| | - Sedat Nizamoglu
- Department
of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Koç
University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- Graduate
School of Material Science and Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- Department
of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- Koc
University Boron and Advanced Materials Application and Research Center, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
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28
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Chu VB, Siopa D, Debot A, Adeleye D, Sood M, Lomuscio A, Melchiorre M, Guillot J, Valle N, El Adib B, Rommelfangen J, Dale PJ. Waste- and Cd-Free Inkjet-Printed Zn(O,S) Buffer for Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se) 2 Thin-Film Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:13009-13021. [PMID: 33689261 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thin film semiconductors grown using chemical bath methods produce large amounts of waste solvent and chemicals that then require costly waste processing. We replace the toxic chemical bath deposited CdS buffer layer from our Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 (CIGS)-based solar cells with a benign inkjet-printed and annealed Zn(O,S) layer using 230 000 times less solvent and 64 000 times less chemicals. The wetting and final thickness of the Zn(O,S) layer on the CIGS is controlled by a UV ozone treatment and the drop spacing, whereas the annealing temperature and atmosphere determine the final chemical composition and band gap. The best solar cell using a Zn(O,S) air-annealed layer had an efficiency of 11%, which is similar to the best conventional CdS buffer layer device fabricated in the same batch. Improving the Zn(O,S) wetting and annealing conditions resulted in the best device efficiency of 13.5%, showing the potential of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Ben Chu
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, 41, rue due Brill, Belvaux L-4422, Luxembourg
| | - Daniel Siopa
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, 41, rue due Brill, Belvaux L-4422, Luxembourg
| | - Alice Debot
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, 41, rue due Brill, Belvaux L-4422, Luxembourg
| | - Damilola Adeleye
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, 41, rue due Brill, Belvaux L-4422, Luxembourg
| | - Mohit Sood
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, 41, rue due Brill, Belvaux L-4422, Luxembourg
| | - Alberto Lomuscio
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, 41, rue due Brill, Belvaux L-4422, Luxembourg
| | - Michele Melchiorre
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, 41, rue due Brill, Belvaux L-4422, Luxembourg
| | - Jérôme Guillot
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Materials Research and Technology Department, 41, rue due Brill, Belvaux L-4422, Luxembourg
| | - Nathalie Valle
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Materials Research and Technology Department, 41, rue due Brill, Belvaux L-4422, Luxembourg
| | - Brahime El Adib
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Materials Research and Technology Department, 41, rue due Brill, Belvaux L-4422, Luxembourg
| | - Jonathan Rommelfangen
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, 41, rue due Brill, Belvaux L-4422, Luxembourg
| | - Phillip J Dale
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, 41, rue due Brill, Belvaux L-4422, Luxembourg
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29
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Park J, Won YH, Kim T, Jang E, Kim D. Electrochemical Charging Effect on the Optical Properties of InP/ZnSe/ZnS Quantum Dots. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2003542. [PMID: 32964676 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202003542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are spotlighted as a key type of emissive material for the next generation of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). This work presents the investigation of the electrochemical charging effect on the absorption and emission of the InP/ZnSe/ZnS QDs with different mid-shell thicknesses. The excitonic peak is gradually bleached during electrochemical charging, which is caused by 1Se (or 1Sh ) state filling when the electron (or hole) is injected into the InP core. Additional charges also lead to photoluminescence (PL) intensity reduction, however, it is greatly mitigated as the mid-shell thickness increases. Various PL measurements reveal that the PL reduction under electrochemical charging is attributed to the acoustic phonon-assisted Auger recombination. Here, the Auger recombination in QDs with a thick mid-shell is reduced under the electrochemically charged condition, indicating that QDs with larger volume are more stable emitters in charge-injecting devices such as LEDs. Furthermore, the negative and positive trion Auger recombination rate constants are estimated, respectively, via electrochemical charging. The negative trion Auger rate constants decrease with an increase in the mid-shell thickness increases, whereas the positive trion Auger rate constants are not heavily reliant on the mid-shell thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumi Park
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Ho Won
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyung Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjoo Jang
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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30
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Yang Z, Yang Q, Li H, Feng Y, Yang J, Qu W, Zhao J, Meng F, Shih K. Toward an Understanding of Fundamentals Governing the Elemental Mercury Sequestration by Metal Chalcogenides. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:9672-9680. [PMID: 32635724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The lack of fundamental understanding of the chemistry governing elemental mercury (Hg0) immobilization over metal chalcogenides (MChals) is the key challenge impeding the interpretations of Hg0 behaviors in global cycles. This work therefore made the first endeavor toward the establishment of a roadmap capable of describing and depicting Hg0 sequestrations by various MChals. The results suggest that the binding energy between the metal cations and chalcogen anions is a proper descriptor that could predict the immobilization behaviors of Hg0 over zinc chalcogenides (ZnS and ZnSe) that exhibit an identical molecular structure, i.e., the lower the binding energy was, the higher the Hg0 sequestration performance that was obtained. The validity of this descriptor was further demonstrated over a series of MChals sharing structural similarities. A scaling relationship was thus established, which further proved the Hg0 immobilization performance of MChals was generally in reverse proportion to the above-mentioned binding energy. Although there is still a long way toward the proposal of a full roadmap that can predict and depict the Hg0 immobilization behaviors over all MChals, this work marks the first step on this road and provides guides for further studies by understanding the fundamentals governing Hg0 sequestration over MChals with structural similarities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zequn Yang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Qin Yang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Hailong Li
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yong Feng
- Environmental Research Institute, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jianping Yang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Wenqi Qu
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jiexia Zhao
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Fanyue Meng
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Kaimin Shih
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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31
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Yu S, Xie Z, Ran M, Wu F, Zhong Y, Dan M, Zhou Y. Zinc ions modified InP quantum dots for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from hydrogen sulfide. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 573:71-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.03.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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32
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Kwon Y, Oh J, Lee E, Lee SH, Agnes A, Bang G, Kim J, Kim D, Kim S. Evolution from unimolecular to colloidal-quantum-dot-like character in chlorine or zinc incorporated InP magic size clusters. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3127. [PMID: 32561721 PMCID: PMC7305325 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16855-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Magic-sized clusters (MSCs) can be isolated as intermediates in quantum dot (QD) synthesis, and they provide pivotal clues in understanding QD growth mechanisms. We report syntheses for two families of heterogeneous-atom-incorporated InP MSCs that have chlorine or zinc atoms. All the MSCs could be directly synthesized from conventional molecular precursors. Alternatively, each series of MSCs could be prepared by sequential conversions. 386-InP MSCs could be converted to F360-InP:Cl MSCs, then to F399-InP:Cl MSCs. Similarly, F360-InP:Zn MSCs could be converted to F408-InP:Zn MSCs, then to F393-InP:Zn MSCs. As the conversion proceeded, evolution from uni-molecule-like to QD-like characters was observed. Early stage MSCs showed active inter-state conversions in the excited states, which is characteristics of small molecules. Later stage MSCs exhibited narrow photoinduced absorptions at lower-energy region like QDs. The crystal structure also gradually evolved from polytwistane to more zinc-blende.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongju Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Juwon Oh
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Eunjae Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Sang Hyeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Anastasia Agnes
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Gyuhyun Bang
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Jeongmin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
| | - Sungjee Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea.
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33
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Mulder J, Kirkwood N, De Trizio L, Li C, Bals S, Manna L, Houtepen AJ. Developing Lattice Matched ZnMgSe Shells on InZnP Quantum Dots for Phosphor Applications. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2020; 3:3859-3867. [PMID: 32363330 PMCID: PMC7187636 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.0c00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Indium phosphide quantum dots (QDs) have drawn attention as alternatives to cadmium- and lead-based QDs that are currently used as phosphors in lamps and displays. The main drawbacks of InP QDs are, in general, a lower photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), a decreased color purity, and poor chemical stability. In this research, we attempted to increase the PLQY and stability of indium phosphide QDs by developing lattice matched InP/MgSe core-shell nanoheterostructures. The choice of MgSe comes from the fact that, in theory, it has a near-perfect lattice match with InP, provided MgSe is grown in the zinc blende crystal structure, which can be achieved by alloying with zinc. To retain lattice matching, we used Zn in both the core and shell and we fabricated InZnP/Zn x Mg1-x Se core/shell QDs. To identify the most suitable conditions for the shell growth, we first developed a synthesis route to Zn x Mg1-x Se nanocrystals (NCs) wherein Mg is effectively incorporated. Our optimized procedure was employed for the successful growth of Zn x Mg1-x Se shells around In(Zn)P QDs. The corresponding core/shell systems exhibit PLQYs higher than those of the starting In(Zn)P QDs and, more importantly, a higher color purity upon increasing the Mg content. The results are discussed in the context of a reduced density of interface states upon using better lattice matched Zn x Mg1-x Se shells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jence
T. Mulder
- Optoelectronic
Materials Section, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas Kirkwood
- Optoelectronic
Materials Section, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Luca De Trizio
- Department
of Nanochemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
(IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Chen Li
- Electron
Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sara Bals
- Electron
Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Liberato Manna
- Department
of Nanochemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
(IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Arjan J. Houtepen
- Optoelectronic
Materials Section, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
- Email
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34
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Zhang J, Gu H. Growth of InZnP/ZnS core/shell quantum dots with wide-range and refined tunable photoluminescence wavelengths. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:6119-6126. [PMID: 32323683 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00575d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their environmentally friendly characteristic, InP-based quantum dots (QDs) show great potential in various fields as an alternative to Cd-based QDs. However, the current mainstream synthesis process, the (TMS)3P-based injection method, still faces many challenges, such as the high cost of (TMS)3P and complex temperature control. In contrast, the solvothermal method is considered to be more feasible and reproducible. Despite its potential advantages, little has been done to understand how the precursors influence the synthesis of InP QDs using the solvothermal method. In this research, InZnP/ZnS QDs were synthesized using practical phosphorus precursors (DEA)3P or (DMA)3P. Through the feasible regulation of zinc, indium, phosphorus and sulfur precursors, the band gap of the QDs could be widely and accurately tuned, and a much wider photoluminescence wavelength ranging from 484 nm to 651 nm could be achieved. Furthermore, InI3 and InBr3 contributed to the blueshift in the PL wavelengths, and the combination of (DEA)3P, (DMA)3P, n-DDT and t-DDT refined the PL wavelength with a small tuning gap of 5 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Zhang
- Institute of Semiconductors, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
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35
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Zhang X, Liang H, Li H, Xia Y, Zhu X, Peng L, Zhang W, Liu L, Zhao T, Wang C, Zhao Z, Hung C, Zagho MM, Elzatahry AA, Li W, Zhao D. Sequential Chemistry Toward Core–Shell Structured Metal Sulfides as Stable and Highly Efficient Visible‐Light Photocatalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:3287-3293. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingmiao Zhang
- Department of ChemistryLaboratory of Advanced MaterialsState Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, andCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsFudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Haichen Liang
- Department of ChemistryLaboratory of Advanced MaterialsState Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, andCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsFudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Haoze Li
- Department of ChemistryLaboratory of Advanced MaterialsState Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, andCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsFudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Yuan Xia
- Department of ChemistryLaboratory of Advanced MaterialsState Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, andCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsFudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Xiaohang Zhu
- Department of ChemistryLaboratory of Advanced MaterialsState Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, andCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsFudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Liang Peng
- Department of ChemistryLaboratory of Advanced MaterialsState Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, andCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsFudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of ChemistryLaboratory of Advanced MaterialsState Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, andCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsFudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Liangliang Liu
- Department of ChemistryLaboratory of Advanced MaterialsState Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, andCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsFudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Tiancong Zhao
- Department of ChemistryLaboratory of Advanced MaterialsState Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, andCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsFudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Changyao Wang
- Department of ChemistryLaboratory of Advanced MaterialsState Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, andCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsFudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Zaiwang Zhao
- Department of ChemistryLaboratory of Advanced MaterialsState Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, andCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsFudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Chin‐Te Hung
- Department of ChemistryLaboratory of Advanced MaterialsState Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, andCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsFudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Moustafa M. Zagho
- Materials Science and Technology ProgramCollege of Arts and SciencesQatar University PO Box 2713 Doha Qatar
| | - Ahmed A. Elzatahry
- Materials Science and Technology ProgramCollege of Arts and SciencesQatar University PO Box 2713 Doha Qatar
| | - Wei Li
- Department of ChemistryLaboratory of Advanced MaterialsState Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, andCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsFudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Dongyuan Zhao
- Department of ChemistryLaboratory of Advanced MaterialsState Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, andCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsFudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
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Zhang X, Liang H, Li H, Xia Y, Zhu X, Peng L, Zhang W, Liu L, Zhao T, Wang C, Zhao Z, Hung C, Zagho MM, Elzatahry AA, Li W, Zhao D. Sequential Chemistry Toward Core–Shell Structured Metal Sulfides as Stable and Highly Efficient Visible‐Light Photocatalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingmiao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Laboratory of Advanced Materials State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Haichen Liang
- Department of Chemistry Laboratory of Advanced Materials State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Haoze Li
- Department of Chemistry Laboratory of Advanced Materials State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Yuan Xia
- Department of Chemistry Laboratory of Advanced Materials State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Xiaohang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry Laboratory of Advanced Materials State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Liang Peng
- Department of Chemistry Laboratory of Advanced Materials State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Laboratory of Advanced Materials State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Liangliang Liu
- Department of Chemistry Laboratory of Advanced Materials State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Tiancong Zhao
- Department of Chemistry Laboratory of Advanced Materials State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Changyao Wang
- Department of Chemistry Laboratory of Advanced Materials State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Zaiwang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry Laboratory of Advanced Materials State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Chin‐Te Hung
- Department of Chemistry Laboratory of Advanced Materials State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Moustafa M. Zagho
- Materials Science and Technology Program College of Arts and Sciences Qatar University PO Box 2713 Doha Qatar
| | - Ahmed A. Elzatahry
- Materials Science and Technology Program College of Arts and Sciences Qatar University PO Box 2713 Doha Qatar
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry Laboratory of Advanced Materials State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Dongyuan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry Laboratory of Advanced Materials State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
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37
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Lee SH, Kim Y, Jang H, Min JH, Oh J, Jang E, Kim D. The effects of discrete and gradient mid-shell structures on the photoluminescence of single InP quantum dots. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:23251-23258. [PMID: 31782468 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr06847c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the dependence of the spectral diffusion and blinking behaviors of indium phosphide (InP) based core/shell/shell quantum dots (QDs) on their mid-shell compositions. We synthesized two types of core/shell/shell QDs having different mid-shell structures by controlling the shell thickness, the total sizes, and the selenium to sulfur ratios. The QDs with a discrete mid-shell (DS-QDs) exhibited a higher photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY) and a narrower PL linewidth than the QDs with a gradient mid-shell (GS-QDs). By analyzing X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, and Raman spectra, we found that GS-QDs showed a larger lattice mismatch between the core and the shell than DS-QDs. Also, the spectral diffusion, PL blinking, Auger ionization efficiencies, and the lifetime blinking behavior on single QDs revealed that DS-QDs were nearly unaffected by the defect traps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hyeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yongwook Kim
- Inorganic Material Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16678, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyosook Jang
- Inorganic Material Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16678, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Hyun Min
- Inorganic Material Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16678, Republic of Korea.
| | - Juwon Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eunjoo Jang
- Inorganic Material Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16678, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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38
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McVey BFP, Swain RA, Lagarde D, Tison Y, Martinez H, Chaudret B, Nayral C, Delpech F. Unraveling the role of zinc complexes on indium phosphide nanocrystal chemistry. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:191102. [PMID: 31757128 DOI: 10.1063/1.5128234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The addition of zinc complexes to the syntheses of indium phosphide nanocrystals (InP NCs) has become commonplace, due to their ability to alter and significantly improve observed optical properties. In this paper, the role of zinc complexes on the synthesis and observed properties of InP is carefully examined. Produced InP and InP:Zn2+ NCs are thoroughly characterized from both structural (core and surface) and optical perspectives over a wide range of Zn2+ compositions (0%-43% atomic content). We find no differences in the physical (NC size and polydispersity) and structural properties (crystallographic phase) of InP and InP:Zn2+ NCs. Optically, significant changes are observed when zinc is added to InP syntheses, including blueshifted absorption edges and maxima, increased quantum yields, and the near elimination of surface state emission. These improved optical properties result from surface passivation by zinc carboxylate moieties. Changes to the optical properties begin at zinc concentrations as low as 5%, demonstrating the high sensitivity of InP optical properties to exogenous species.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F P McVey
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSA, UPS, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - R A Swain
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSA, UPS, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - D Lagarde
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSA, UPS, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Y Tison
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM-ECP), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Hélioparc, 2 Ave. Président Angot, F-64053 Pau, France
| | - H Martinez
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM-ECP), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Hélioparc, 2 Ave. Président Angot, F-64053 Pau, France
| | - B Chaudret
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSA, UPS, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - C Nayral
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSA, UPS, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - F Delpech
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSA, UPS, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
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39
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Friedfeld MR, Stein JL, Johnson DA, Park N, Henry NA, Enright MJ, Mocatta D, Cossairt BM. Effects of Zn2+ and Ga3+ doping on the quantum yield of cluster-derived InP quantum dots. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:194702. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5126971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Max R. Friedfeld
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Stein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, USA
| | - Dane A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, USA
| | - Nayon Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, USA
| | - Nicholas A. Henry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, USA
| | - Michael J. Enright
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, USA
| | - David Mocatta
- Nanomaterials Group, Performance Materials, Merck Group, Box 39082, 9139002 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Brandi M. Cossairt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, USA
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40
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Zhang W, Zhuang W, Liu R, Xing X, Qu X, Liu H, Xu B, Wang K, Sun XW. Double-Shelled InP/ZnMnS/ZnS Quantum Dots for Light-Emitting Devices. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:18961-18968. [PMID: 31763517 PMCID: PMC6868586 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, ZnS or ZnSe is chosen as the shell material for InP quantum dots (QDs). However, for green or blue InP QDs, the ZnSe shell will form a type-II structure resulting in a redshift of the emission spectrum. Although the band gap of ZnS is wider, its lattice mismatch with InP is larger (∼7.7%), resulting in more defect states and lowered quantum yield (QY). To overcome the above problems, we introduced the intermediate ZnMnS layer in InP/ZnMnS/ZnS QDs. The wide band gap of the intermediate layer (3.7 eV) can confine the electrons and holes in the core completely, and the formation of the type-II structure is avoided. As a result, green InP-based QDs with QY up to 80% were obtained. By adjusting the halogen ratios of the ZnX2 precursor, the minimum and maximum emission peaks are 470 and 620 nm, respectively, covering the whole visible range. Finally, after optimizing the coating shell process, the maximum external quantum efficiency of QD light-emitting diodes fabricated from this InP-based green light QDs can reach 2.7%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenda Zhang
- National
Engineering Research Center for Rare Earth Materials, General Research
Institute for Nonferrous Metals, and Grirem Advanced Materials Co.,
Ltd., Beijing 100088, People’s Republic
of China
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Science
& Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic
of China
- Guangdong
University Key Lab for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and Lighting,
Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and Lighting,
and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weidong Zhuang
- National
Engineering Research Center for Rare Earth Materials, General Research
Institute for Nonferrous Metals, and Grirem Advanced Materials Co.,
Ltd., Beijing 100088, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Ronghui Liu
- National
Engineering Research Center for Rare Earth Materials, General Research
Institute for Nonferrous Metals, and Grirem Advanced Materials Co.,
Ltd., Beijing 100088, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Xianran Xing
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Science
& Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Xiangwei Qu
- Guangdong
University Key Lab for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and Lighting,
Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and Lighting,
and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haochen Liu
- Guangdong
University Key Lab for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and Lighting,
Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and Lighting,
and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
- Shenzhen
Planck Innovation Technologies Ltd., Shenzhen, 518112, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Xu
- Guangdong
University Key Lab for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and Lighting,
Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and Lighting,
and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
- Shenzhen
Planck Innovation Technologies Ltd., Shenzhen, 518112, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Wang
- Guangdong
University Key Lab for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and Lighting,
Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and Lighting,
and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Wei Sun
- Guangdong
University Key Lab for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and Lighting,
Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and Lighting,
and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
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41
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Huang F, Bi C, Guo R, Zheng C, Ning J, Tian J. Synthesis of Colloidal Blue-Emitting InP/ZnS Core/Shell Quantum Dots with the Assistance of Copper Cations. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:6720-6726. [PMID: 31549508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal InP quantum dots (QDs) have been considered as one of the most promising candidates for display and biolabeling applications because they are intrinsically toxicity-free and exhibit high photoluminescence. On account of the uncontrollable nucleation and growth during the synthesis of InP, obtaining high-quality blue-emitting InP QDs with uniform size distribution remains a challenge. Herein, we employ a novel synthetic approach for producing blue-emitting InP/ZnS core/shell QDs with the assistance of copper cations. The studies reveal that the copper ions could combine with phosphorus precursor to form hexagonal Cu3-xP nanocrystals, which competed with the nucleation process of InP QDs, resulting in the smaller sized InP QDs with blue photoluminescence emission. After the passivation of InP QDs with the ZnS shell, the synthesized InP/ZnS core/shell QDs present bright blue emission (∼425 nm) with a photoluminescence quantum yield of ∼25%, which is the shortest wavelength emission for InP QDs to date. This research provides a new way to synthesize ultrasmall semiconductor nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Huang
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Chenghao Bi
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Ruiqi Guo
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Jiajia Ning
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Centre for Functional Photonics (CFP) , City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Jianjun Tian
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , China
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Rafipoor M, Tornatzky H, Dupont D, Maultzsch J, Tessier MD, Hens Z, Lange H. Strain in InP/ZnSe, S core/shell quantum dots from lattice mismatch and shell thickness—Material stiffness influence. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:154704. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5124674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Rafipoor
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans Tornatzky
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorian Dupont
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Janina Maultzsch
- Institut für Physik der Kondensierten Materie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mickael D. Tessier
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zeger Hens
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Holger Lange
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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43
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De CK, Roy D, Mandal S, Mandal PK. Suppressed Blinking under Normal Air Atmosphere in Toxic-Metal-Free, Small Sized, InP-Based Core/Alloy-Shell/Shell Quantum Dots. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:4330-4338. [PMID: 31294573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Suppressed blinking has been reported in large (diameter ∼14.1 nm) core/shell InP quantum dots (QDs) under reduced air environment. We report here suppressed blinking with approximately four times smaller (diameter ∼3.6 nm) core/alloy-shell/shell InP QDs under ambient air atmosphere. The ⟨ON fraction⟩ has been obtained to be 0.65. Approximately 26% of the single QDs exhibit ON fraction >80%. The smaller ON exponent (1.19) magnitude in comparison to the OFF exponent (1.45) indicates longer ON events are interrupted by smaller OFF events. ON event truncation time is ∼1.5 times that of the OFF event, signifying the detrapping rate is much higher than the trapping rate. Interestingly, the detrapping rate/trapping rate (single-particle level property) could be directly correlated to the photoluminescence quantum yield (ensemble level property). An additional exponential term required to fit the probability density distribution of the ON event duration could be correlated with hole trapping, leading to extended ON times (>60 s).
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44
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Wegner KD, Dussert F, Truffier-Boutry D, Benayad A, Beal D, Mattera L, Ling WL, Carrière M, Reiss P. Influence of the Core/Shell Structure of Indium Phosphide Based Quantum Dots on Their Photostability and Cytotoxicity. Front Chem 2019; 7:466. [PMID: 31316974 PMCID: PMC6610543 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
With the goal to improve their photostability, InP-based QDs are passivated with three types of inorganic shells, namely (i) a gradient ZnSexS1-x shell, (ii) an additional ZnS shell on top of the gradient shell with two different thicknesses (core/shell/shell, CSS), (iii) an alumina coating on top of ZnS. All three systems have photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY) > 50% and similar PL decay times (64-67 ns). To assess their photostability they are incorporated into a transparent poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix and exposed to continuous irradiation with simulated sunlight in a climate chamber. The alumina coated core/shell system exhibits the highest stability in terms of PLQY retention as well as the lowest shift of the PL maximum and lowest increase of the PL linewidth, followed by the CSS QDs and finally the gradient shell system. By means of XPS studies we identify the degradation of the ZnS outer layer and concomitant oxidation of the emissive InZnP core as the main origins of degradation in the gradient structure. These modifications do not occur in the case of the alumina-capped sample, which exhibits excellent chemical stability. The gradient shell and CSS systems could be transferred to the aqueous phase using surface ligand exchange with penicillamine. Cytotoxicity studies on human primary keratinocytes revealed that exposure for 24 h to 6.25-100 nM of QDs did not affect cell viability. However, a trend toward reduced cell proliferation is observed for higher concentrations of gradient shell and CSS QDs with a thin ZnS shell, while CSS QDs with a thicker ZnS shell do not exhibit any impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl David Wegner
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, STEP, Grenoble, France
| | - Fanny Dussert
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, CIBEST, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Anass Benayad
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA-LITEN L2N, Grenoble, France
| | - David Beal
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, CIBEST, Grenoble, France
| | - Lucia Mattera
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, STEP, Grenoble, France
| | - Wai Li Ling
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, IBS, Grenoble, France
| | - Marie Carrière
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, CIBEST, Grenoble, France
| | - Peter Reiss
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, STEP, Grenoble, France
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45
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Lim M, Lee W, Bang G, Lee WJ, Park Y, Kwon Y, Jung Y, Kim S, Bang J. Synthesis of far-red- and near-infrared-emitting Cu-doped InP/ZnS (core/shell) quantum dots with controlled doping steps and their surface functionalization for bioconjugation. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:10463-10471. [PMID: 31112192 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02192b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we designed and synthesized far-red- and near-infrared-emitting Cu-doped InP-based quantum dots (QDs), and we also demonstrated their highly specific and sensitive biological imaging ability. Cu-doped InP/ZnS (core/shell) QDs were prepared using the hot colloidal synthesis method in the organic phase. The ZnS shell passivates the surface and improves the photoluminescence (PL) intensity. However, the InP : Cu/ZnS (core : dopants/shell) QDs, which were obtained after the Cu dopant was incorporated into bare InP QDs, followed by ZnS shell coating, had relatively low PL intensities (maximum PL quantum yield (QY) was only ∼16%) presumably due to the formation of defect sites in the InP-core QDs caused by dopant migration from the InP core to the ZnS shell. We prepared high-quality InP/ZnS : Cu/ZnS (core/shell : dopant/outer-shell) QDs, where thin ZnS shell layers were grown on bare InP QDs prior to Cu ion doping to prevent dopant migration and obtained PL QYs as high as 40%. The native hydrophobic ligands of the as-synthesized Cu-doped QDs were replaced with hydrophilic ligands including dihydrolipoic acid and a zwitterionic ligand, which rendered the QDs water-soluble. These QDs exhibited remarkable colloidal stabilities over a wide pH range, with hydrodynamic diameters less than 10 nm. Modified QD surfaces can also be used in conjugation with other functional moieties to apply highly specific and sensitive imaging probes with very low background levels. As a proof-of-concept study, we successfully demonstrated the selective imaging of streptavidin beads with biotin-conjugated QDs. These decorated Cu-doped InP/ZnS (core/shell) QDs are promising biological-probe candidates for imaging and assaying with reduced concerns regarding toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihye Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Namgu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
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46
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Li H, Jia C, Meng X, Li H. Chemical Synthesis and Applications of Colloidal Metal Phosphide Nanocrystals. Front Chem 2019; 6:652. [PMID: 30671431 PMCID: PMC6331784 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) have emerged as promising materials in optoelectronic devices and biological imaging application due to their tailorable properties through size, shape, and composition. Among these NCs, metal phosphide is an important class, in parallel with metal chalcogenide. In this review, we summarize the recent progress regarding the chemical synthesis and applications of colloidal metal phosphide NCs. As the most important metal phosphide NCs, indium phosphide (InP) NCs have been intensively investigated because of their low toxicity, wide and tunable emission range from visible to the near-infrared region. Firstly, we give a brief overview of synthetic strategies to InP NCs, highlighting the benefit of employing zinc precursors as reaction additive and the importance of different phosphorus precursors to improve the quality of the InP NCs, in terms of size distribution, quantum yield, colloidal stability, and non-blinking behavior. Next, we discuss additional synthetic techniques to overcome the issues of lattice mismatch in the synthesis of core/shell metal phosphide NCs, by constructing an intermediate layer between core/shell or designing a shell with gradient composition in a radial direction. We also envision future research directions of InP NCs. The chemical synthesis of other metal phosphide NCs, such as II-V metal phosphide NCs (Cd3P2, Zn3P2) and transition metal phosphides NCs (Cu3P, FeP) is subsequently introduced. We finally discuss the potential applications of colloidal metal phosphide NCs in photovoltaics, light-emitting diodes, and lithium ion battery. An overview of several key applications based on colloidal metal phosphide NCs is provided at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction-Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction-Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xianwei Meng
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction-Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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47
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Crisp RW, Kirkwood N, Grimaldi G, Kinge S, Siebbeles LDA, Houtepen AJ. Highly Photoconductive InP Quantum Dots Films and Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2018; 1:6569-6576. [PMID: 30506040 PMCID: PMC6259048 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.8b01453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
InP and InZnP colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are promising materials for application in light-emitting devices, transistors, photovoltaics, and photocatalytic cells. In addition to possessing an appropriate bandgap, high absorption coefficient, and high bulk carrier mobilities, the intrinsic toxicity of InP and InZnP is much lower than for competing QDs that contain Cd or Pb-providing a potentially safer commercial product. However, compared to other colloidal QDs, InP QDs remain sparsely used in devices and their electronic transport properties are largely unexplored. Here, we use time-resolved microwave conductivity measurements to study charge transport in films of InP and InZnP colloidal quantum dots capped with a variety of short ligands. We find that transport in InP QDs is dominated by trapping effects, which are mitigated in InZnP QDs. We improve charge carrier mobilities with a range of ligand-exchange treatments and for the best treatments reach mobilities and lifetimes on par with those of PbS QD films used in efficient solar cells. To demonstrate the device-grade quality of these films, we construct solar cells based on InP & InZnP QDs with power conversion efficiencies of 0.65 and 1.2%, respectively. This represents a large step forward in developing Cd- and Pb-free next-generation optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan W. Crisp
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Delft University
of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft2629 HZ , The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas Kirkwood
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Delft University
of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft2629 HZ , The Netherlands
| | - Gianluca Grimaldi
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Delft University
of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft2629 HZ , The Netherlands
| | - Sachin Kinge
- Toyota
Motor Europe, Materials Research & Development, Hoge Wei 33, Zaventem B-1930, Belgium
| | - Laurens D. A. Siebbeles
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Delft University
of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft2629 HZ , The Netherlands
| | - Arjan J. Houtepen
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Delft University
of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft2629 HZ , The Netherlands
- . Website: www.tudelft.nl/cheme/houtepengroup
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48
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Kirkwood N, Monchen JOV, Crisp RW, Grimaldi G, Bergstein HAC, du Fossé I, van der Stam W, Infante I, Houtepen AJ. Finding and Fixing Traps in II-VI and III-V Colloidal Quantum Dots: The Importance of Z-Type Ligand Passivation. J Am Chem Soc 2018. [PMID: 30375226 DOI: 10.1021/ja-2018-07783h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Energy levels in the band gap arising from surface states can dominate the optical and electronic properties of semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs). Recent theoretical work has predicted that such trap states in II-VI and III-V QDs arise only from two-coordinated anions on the QD surface, offering the hypothesis that Lewis acid (Z-type) ligands should be able to completely passivate these anionic trap states. In this work, we provide experimental support for this hypothesis by demonstrating that Z-type ligation is the primary cause of PL QY increase when passivating undercoordinated CdTe QDs with various metal salts. Optimized treatments with InCl3 or CdCl2 afford a near-unity (>90%) photoluminescence quantum yield (PL QY), whereas other metal halogen or carboxylate salts provide a smaller increase in PL QY as a result of weaker binding or steric repulsion. The addition of non-Lewis acidic ligands (amines, alkylammonium chlorides) systematically gives a much smaller but non-negligible increase in the PL QY. We discuss possible reasons for this result, which points toward a more complex and dynamic QD surface. Finally we show that Z-type metal halide ligand treatments also lead to a strong increase in the PL QY of CdSe, CdS, and InP QDs and can increase the efficiency of sintered CdTe solar cells. These results show that surface anions are the dominant source of trap states in II-VI and III-V QDs and that passivation with Lewis acidic Z-type ligands is a general strategy to fix those traps. Our work also provides a method to tune the PL QY of QD samples from nearly zero up to near-unity values, without the need to grow epitaxial shells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Kirkwood
- Optoelectronic Materials Section, Faculty of Applied Sciences , Delft University of Technology , Van der Maasweg 9 , 2629 HZ Delft , The Netherlands
| | - Julius O V Monchen
- Optoelectronic Materials Section, Faculty of Applied Sciences , Delft University of Technology , Van der Maasweg 9 , 2629 HZ Delft , The Netherlands
| | - Ryan W Crisp
- Optoelectronic Materials Section, Faculty of Applied Sciences , Delft University of Technology , Van der Maasweg 9 , 2629 HZ Delft , The Netherlands
| | - Gianluca Grimaldi
- Optoelectronic Materials Section, Faculty of Applied Sciences , Delft University of Technology , Van der Maasweg 9 , 2629 HZ Delft , The Netherlands
| | - Huub A C Bergstein
- Optoelectronic Materials Section, Faculty of Applied Sciences , Delft University of Technology , Van der Maasweg 9 , 2629 HZ Delft , The Netherlands
| | - Indy du Fossé
- Optoelectronic Materials Section, Faculty of Applied Sciences , Delft University of Technology , Van der Maasweg 9 , 2629 HZ Delft , The Netherlands
| | - Ward van der Stam
- Optoelectronic Materials Section, Faculty of Applied Sciences , Delft University of Technology , Van der Maasweg 9 , 2629 HZ Delft , The Netherlands
| | - Ivan Infante
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , de Boelelaan 1083 , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Arjan J Houtepen
- Optoelectronic Materials Section, Faculty of Applied Sciences , Delft University of Technology , Van der Maasweg 9 , 2629 HZ Delft , The Netherlands
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49
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Brown RP, Gallagher MJ, Fairbrother DH, Rosenzweig Z. Synthesis and Degradation of Cadmium-Free InP and InPZn/ZnS Quantum Dots in Solution. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:13924-13934. [PMID: 30351964 PMCID: PMC6402331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
This study advances the chemical research community toward the goal of replacing toxic cadmium-containing quantum dots (QDs) with environmentally benign InP QDs. The InP QD synthesis uniquely combines the previously reported use of InP magic-sized clusters (MSCs) as a single-source precursor for indium and phosphorus to form InP QDs, with zinc incorporation and subsequent ZnS shelling, to form InPZn/ZnS QDs with luminescence properties comparable to those of commonly used cadmium-containing luminescent QDs. The resulting InPZn/ZnS QDs have an emission quantum yield of about 50% across a broad range of emission peak wavelengths and emission peaks averaging 50 nm fwhm. The emission peak wavelength can be easily tuned by varying the Zn/In ratio in the reaction mixture. The strategy of using zinc stearate to tune the emission properties is advantageous as it does not lead to a loss of emission quantum yield or emission peak broadening. Although the initial optical properties of InP and InPZn/ZnS QDs are promising, thermal stability measurements of InPZn QDs show significant degradation in the absence of a shell compared to the CdSe QDs particularly at increased temperature in the presence of oxygen, which is indicative of thermal oxidation. There is no significant difference in the degradation rate of InP QDs made from molecular precursors and from MSCs. Additionally, the emission intensity and quantum yield of InPZn/ZnS QDs when purified and diluted in organic solvents under ambient conditions decrease significantly compared to those of CdSe/ZnS QDs. This indicates instability of the ZnS shell when prepared by common literature methods. This must be improved to realize high-quality, robust Cd-free QDs with the capability of replacing CdSe QDs in QD technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P. Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Miranda J. Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - D. Howard Fairbrother
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Zeev Rosenzweig
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
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50
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Kirkwood N, Monchen JOV, Crisp RW, Grimaldi G, Bergstein HAC, du Fossé I, van der Stam W, Infante I, Houtepen AJ. Finding and Fixing Traps in II-VI and III-V Colloidal Quantum Dots: The Importance of Z-Type Ligand Passivation. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:15712-15723. [PMID: 30375226 PMCID: PMC6257620 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b07783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Energy levels in
the band gap arising from surface states can dominate
the optical and electronic properties of semiconductor nanocrystal
quantum dots (QDs). Recent theoretical work has predicted that such
trap states in II–VI and III–V QDs arise only from two-coordinated
anions on the QD surface, offering the hypothesis that Lewis acid
(Z-type) ligands should be able to completely passivate these anionic
trap states. In this work, we provide experimental support for this
hypothesis by demonstrating that Z-type ligation is the primary cause
of PL QY increase when passivating undercoordinated CdTe QDs with
various metal salts. Optimized treatments with InCl3 or
CdCl2 afford a near-unity (>90%) photoluminescence quantum
yield (PL QY), whereas other metal halogen or carboxylate salts provide
a smaller increase in PL QY as a result of weaker binding or steric
repulsion. The addition of non-Lewis acidic ligands (amines, alkylammonium
chlorides) systematically gives a much smaller but non-negligible
increase in the PL QY. We discuss possible reasons for this result,
which points toward a more complex and dynamic QD surface. Finally
we show that Z-type metal halide ligand treatments also lead to a
strong increase in the PL QY of CdSe, CdS, and InP QDs and can increase
the efficiency of sintered CdTe solar cells. These results show that
surface anions are the dominant source of trap states in II–VI
and III–V QDs and that passivation with Lewis acidic Z-type
ligands is a general strategy to fix those traps. Our work also provides
a method to tune the PL QY of QD samples from nearly zero up to near-unity
values, without the need to grow epitaxial shells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Kirkwood
- Optoelectronic Materials Section, Faculty of Applied Sciences , Delft University of Technology , Van der Maasweg 9 , 2629 HZ Delft , The Netherlands
| | - Julius O V Monchen
- Optoelectronic Materials Section, Faculty of Applied Sciences , Delft University of Technology , Van der Maasweg 9 , 2629 HZ Delft , The Netherlands
| | - Ryan W Crisp
- Optoelectronic Materials Section, Faculty of Applied Sciences , Delft University of Technology , Van der Maasweg 9 , 2629 HZ Delft , The Netherlands
| | - Gianluca Grimaldi
- Optoelectronic Materials Section, Faculty of Applied Sciences , Delft University of Technology , Van der Maasweg 9 , 2629 HZ Delft , The Netherlands
| | - Huub A C Bergstein
- Optoelectronic Materials Section, Faculty of Applied Sciences , Delft University of Technology , Van der Maasweg 9 , 2629 HZ Delft , The Netherlands
| | - Indy du Fossé
- Optoelectronic Materials Section, Faculty of Applied Sciences , Delft University of Technology , Van der Maasweg 9 , 2629 HZ Delft , The Netherlands
| | - Ward van der Stam
- Optoelectronic Materials Section, Faculty of Applied Sciences , Delft University of Technology , Van der Maasweg 9 , 2629 HZ Delft , The Netherlands
| | - Ivan Infante
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , de Boelelaan 1083 , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Arjan J Houtepen
- Optoelectronic Materials Section, Faculty of Applied Sciences , Delft University of Technology , Van der Maasweg 9 , 2629 HZ Delft , The Netherlands
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