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Lu Y, Wu Y, Tang Z, Hou Y, Cui M, Huang S, Long B, Yu Z, Iqbal MZ, Kong X. Synthesis of Multifunctional Mn 3O 4-Ag 2S Janus Nanoparticles for Enhanced T 1-Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Photo-Induced Tumor Therapy. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:8930. [PMID: 37960633 PMCID: PMC10647565 DOI: 10.3390/s23218930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The global burden of cancer is increasing rapidly, and nanomedicine offers promising prospects for enhancing the life expectancy of cancer patients. Janus nanoparticles (JNPs) have garnered considerable attention due to their asymmetric geometry, enabling multifunctionality in drug delivery and theranostics. However, achieving precise control over the self-assembly of JNPs in solution at the nanoscale level poses significant challenges. Herein, a low-temperature reversed-phase microemulsion system was used to obtain homogenous Mn3O4-Ag2S JNPs, which showed significant potential in cancer theranostics. Structural characterization revealed that the Ag2S (5-10 nm) part was uniformly deposited on a specific surface of Mn3O4 to form a Mn3O4-Ag2S Janus morphology. Compared to the single-component Mn3O4 and Ag2S particles, the fabricated Mn3O4-Ag2S JNPs exhibited satisfactory biocompatibility and therapeutic performance. Novel diagnostic and therapeutic nanoplatforms can be guided using the magnetic component in JNPs, which is revealed as an excellent T1 contrast enhancement agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with multiple functions, such as photo-induced regulation of the tumor microenvironment via producing reactive oxygen species and second near-infrared region (NIR-II) photothermal excitation for in vitro tumor-killing effects. The prime antibacterial and promising theranostics results demonstrate the extensive potential of the designed photo-responsive Mn3O4-Ag2S JNPs for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguang Lu
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yuling Wu
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhe Tang
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yike Hou
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Mingyue Cui
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Shuqi Huang
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Binghua Long
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhangsen Yu
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Medical Science Research Center, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China;
| | - Muhammad Zubair Iqbal
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiangdong Kong
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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2
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Tumor acidic environment directs nanoparticle impacts on cancer cells. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 634:684-692. [PMID: 36563425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite impressive progress in nanotechnology-based cancer therapy being made by in vitro research, few nanoparticles (NPs) have been translated into clinical trials. The wide gap between in vitro results and nanomedicine's clinical translation might be partly due to acidic microenvironment of cancer cells being ignored in in vitro studies. To check this hypothesis, we studied the biological impacts of two different structures of NPs on cancer cells (MDA-MB 231) at acidic (pH: 6.5) low (pH: 7) and physiological pH (pH: 7.4). We uncovered that a slight change in the pH of the cancer cell microenvironment affects the cellular uptake efficacy and toxicity mechanism of nanographene sheets and SPION@silica nanospheres. Both nanostructures exerted more substantial toxic impacts (e. g. apoptosis, necrosis, membrane disruption, and oxidative stress induction) against cancer cells at physiological pH compared to acidic niche. They also differently slowed or arrested phases of the cell cycle at different pH (S and G2/M at normal pH while G0/G1 at acidic/low pH). More specifically, cancer cells expressed higher levels of interleukins involved in cancer cell resistance at acidic pH than those incubated at physiological pH. This study revealed that a slight change in extracellular pH of cancer cells could strongly affect the therapeutic/toxic impact of nanomaterials and therefore, it should be considered in the future cancer nanomedicine research.
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Naghdi T, Ardalan S, Asghari Adib Z, Sharifi AR, Golmohammadi H. Moving toward smart biomedical sensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 223:115009. [PMID: 36565545 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.115009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel biomedical sensors as highly promising devices/tools in early diagnosis and therapy monitoring of many diseases and disorders has recently witnessed unprecedented growth; more and faster than ever. Nonetheless, on the eve of Industry 5.0 and by learning from defects of current sensors in smart diagnostics of pandemics, there is still a long way to go to achieve the ideal biomedical sensors capable of meeting the growing needs and expectations for smart biomedical/diagnostic sensing through eHealth systems. Herein, an overview is provided to highlight the importance and necessity of an inevitable transition in the era of digital health/Healthcare 4.0 towards smart biomedical/diagnostic sensing and how to approach it via new digital technologies including Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence, IoT gateways (smartphones, readers), etc. This review will bring together the different types of smartphone/reader-based biomedical sensors, which have been employing for a wide variety of optical/electrical/electrochemical biosensing applications and paving the way for future eHealth diagnostic devices by moving towards smart biomedical sensing. Here, alongside highlighting the characteristics/criteria that should be met by the developed sensors towards smart biomedical sensing, the challenging issues ahead are delineated along with a comprehensive outlook on this extremely necessary field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Naghdi
- Nanosensors Bioplatforms Laboratory, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, 14335-186, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Ardalan
- Nanosensors Bioplatforms Laboratory, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, 14335-186, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Asghari Adib
- Nanosensors Bioplatforms Laboratory, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, 14335-186, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Sharifi
- Nanosensors Bioplatforms Laboratory, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, 14335-186, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Golmohammadi
- Nanosensors Bioplatforms Laboratory, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, 14335-186, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Chua MH, Chin KLO, Loh XJ, Zhu Q, Xu J. Aggregation-Induced Emission-Active Nanostructures: Beyond Biomedical Applications. ACS NANO 2023; 17:1845-1878. [PMID: 36655929 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) phenomenon in 2001 has had a significant impact on materials development across different research disciplines. AIE-active materials have been widely exploited for various applications in optoelectronics, sensing, biomedical, and stimuli-responsive systems, etc. This is made possible by integrating AIE features with other fields of science and engineering, such as nanoscience and nanotechnology. AIE has been extensively employed, particularly for biomedical applications, such as biosensing, bioimaging, and theranostics. However, development of AIE-based nanotechnology for other applications is comparatively less, although there have been increasing research activities in recent years. Given the significance and potential of the marriage between AIE hallmark and nanotechnology in AIE-active materials development, this review article summarizes and showcases the latest research efforts in AIE-based nanomaterials, including nanomaterials synthesis and their nonbiomedical applications, such as sensing, optoelectronics, functional coatings, and stimuli-responsive systems. A perspective on the outlook of AIE-based nanostructured materials and relevant nanotechnology for nonbiomedical applications will be provided, giving an insight into how to design AIE-active nanostructures as well as their applications beyond the biomedical domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hui Chua
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833
| | - Kang Le Osmund Chin
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, #03-09 EA, Singapore 117575
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634
| | - Jianwei Xu
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Block S8 Level 3, Singapore 117543
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5
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Rabiee N, Fatahi Y, Asadnia M, Daneshgar H, Kiani M, Ghadiri AM, Atarod M, Mashhadzadeh AH, Akhavan O, Bagherzadeh M, Lima EC, Saeb MR. Green porous benzamide-like nanomembranes for hazardous cations detection, separation, and concentration adjustment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127130. [PMID: 34530276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Green biomaterials play a crucial role in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases as well as health-related problem-solving. Typically, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical strength are requirements centered on biomaterial engineering. However, in-hospital therapeutics require an elaborated synthesis of hybrid and complex nanomaterials capable of mimicking cellular behavior. Accumulation of hazardous cations like K+ in the inner and middle ear may permanently damage the ear system. We synthesized nanoplatforms based on Allium noeanum to take the first steps in developing biological porous nanomembranes for hazardous cation detection in biological media. The 1,1,1-tris[[(2'-benzyl-amino-formyl)phenoxy]methyl]ethane (A), 4-amino-benzo-hydrazide (B), and 4-(2-(4-(3-carboxy-propan-amido)benzoyl)hydrazineyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid (B1) were synthesized to obtain green ligands based on 4-X-N-(…(Y(hydrazine-1-carbonyl)phenyl)benzamide, with X denoting fluoro (B2), methoxy (B3), nitro (B4), and phenyl-sulfonyl (B5) substitutes. The chemical structure of ligand-decorated adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules (S-ATP) was characterized by FTIR, XRD, AFM, FESEM, and TEM techniques. The cytotoxicity of the porous membrane was patterned by applying different cell lines, including HEK-293, PC12, MCF-7, HeLa, HepG2, and HT-29, to disclose their biological behavior. The morphology of cultured cells was monitored by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The sensitivity of S-ATP to different cations of Na+, Mg2+, K+, Ba2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+ was evaluated by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) in terms of extraction efficiency (η). For pH of 5.5, the η of A-based S-ATP followed the order Na+ (63.3%) > Mg2+ (62.1%) > Ba2+ (7.6%) > Ca2+ (5.5%); while for pH of 7.4, Na+ (37.0%) > Ca2+ (33.1%) > K+ (25.7%). The heat map of MTT and dose-dependent evaluations unveiled acceptable cell viability of more than 90%. The proposed green porous nanomembranes would pave the way to use multifunctional green porous nanomembranes in biological membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Rabiee
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-9161, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Asadnia
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia.
| | - Hossein Daneshgar
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Kiani
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Monireh Atarod
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan 87317-51167, Iran
| | - Amin Hamed Mashhadzadeh
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Omid Akhavan
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-9161, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Eder C Lima
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Goncalves 9500, Postal Box, 15003, ZIP, 91501-970, Brazil.
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
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Kozlowski HN, Sindhwani S, Chan WCW. The Impact of Patient Characteristics on Diagnostic Test Performance. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2101233. [PMID: 34994108 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202101233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Diagnostic tests can detect diseases, monitor responses, and inform treatments. They are vital to the effective management of disease. There have been significant advances in the engineering of new diagnostic technologies. These technologies may forgo sample extraction, simplify readout, or automate processing. Many researchers design these diagnostics based on test performance in a limited sample subset. This approach ignores the intertwined relationship between patient characteristics and diagnostic test results. Yet, it is important to understand the clinical decision-making workflow and how the disease manifests in order to optimally design diagnostic tests. This review article explores the three aspects of incorporating patient characteristics to maximize diagnostic performance. 1) Characterize patient populations using patient demographics, disease prevalence, and other unique features. 2) Use the characteristics of the patient population to establish design requirements. 3) Determine the best use case since each case has different performance and target requirements. In this framework the clinical, technological, and unmet needs of a patient population shape the diagnostics design requirements. Following these steps will lead to maximal diagnostic performance and poise new diagnostics for real world use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah N Kozlowski
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Shrey Sindhwani
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H2, Canada
| | - Warren C W Chan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
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7
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He J, Xia K, Zhao B, Song W, Zheng Y, Xiao G, Wu H, Zheng N. Codelivery of High-Molecular-Weight Poly-porphyrins and HIF-1α Inhibitors for In Vivo Synergistic Anticancer Therapy. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:4783-4793. [PMID: 34623134 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is showing great potential in the treatment of cancer diseases, and photosensitizers play crucial roles in absorbing the energy of light and generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) during PDT. Most of the photosensitizers bearing macrocyclic structures have strong hydrophobicity and suffer from the π-π interaction and undesired aggregation caused quenching (ACQ), which severely limit the PDT efficacy. Moreover, the continuous oxygen consumption during PDT also leads to the upregulated expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), which can aggravate the growth of tumors. To overcome the abovementioned problems, polymerized photosensitizers repelled by flexible thioketal linkers were designed and synthesized using a multicomponent polymerization (MCP) method to afford the poly-porphyrins with high molecular weight (Mw > 20 000 g/mol) under room temperature. The ACQ effect could be significantly inhibited by introducing flexible chains and increasing Mw, leading to the improvement in the singlet oxygen quantum yield and phototoxicity simultaneously. An HIF-1α inhibitor, Lificiguat (YC-1) was synthesized as a chemodrug and codelivered with poly-porphyrins to decrease the expression of HIF-1α and inhibit tumor growth under hypoxia. With the synergistic PDT and chemotherapy, poly-porphyrin/YC-1 micelles showed excellent therapeutic antitumor efficacy both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junnan He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Kangkai Xia
- School of Bioengineering & Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Disease, Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Binggong Zhao
- School of Bioengineering & Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Disease, Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Wangze Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Yubin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Guishan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Huijian Wu
- School of Bioengineering & Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Disease, Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Nan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
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8
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Yasothamani V, Karthikeyan L, Sarathy NP, Vivek R. Targeted Designing of Multimodal Tumor-Seeking Nanomedicine for Breast Cancer-Specific Triple-Therapeutic Effects. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:6575-6588. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vellingiri Yasothamani
- Cancer Research Program, Bio-Nano Therapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, TN, India
| | - Laxmanan Karthikeyan
- Cancer Research Program, Bio-Nano Therapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, TN, India
| | - Namratha Partha Sarathy
- Cancer Research Program, Bio-Nano Therapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, TN, India
| | - Raju Vivek
- Cancer Research Program, Bio-Nano Therapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, TN, India
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9
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Yasothamani V, Karthikeyan L, Shyamsivappan S, Haldorai Y, Seetha D, Vivek R. Synergistic Effect of Photothermally Targeted NIR-Responsive Nanomedicine-Induced Immunogenic Cell Death for Effective Triple Negative Breast Cancer Therapy. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:2472-2490. [PMID: 34014660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a breast cancer subtype. At present, TNBC patients do not have approved targeted therapy. Therefore, patients primarily depend on forceful systemic chemotherapy that has unavoidable harmful side effects, resulting in inadequate therapeutic outcomes and leading to a high mortality rate. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop targeted therapies for the TNBC populace. Developing a new nanotherapeutic approach of combinational therapy could be an effective alternative strategy. Therefore, we designed a combination of hyaluronan (HA)-polyaniline (PANi)-imiquimod (R837), denoted as HA-PANi/R837, nanoparticles (NPs) that exhibited a high extinction coefficient of 8.23 × 108 M-1 cm-1 and adequate photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) (η = 41.6%), making them an efficient photothermal agent (PTA) that is highly beneficial for selective CD44-mediated photothermal ablation of TNBC tumors. Furthermore, co-encapsulation of R837 (toll-like receptor 7 agonist) immunoadjuvant molecules triggers an immune response against the tumor. The formed CD44-targeted HA-PANi/R837 NPs' selectivity incinerates the tumor under near-infrared (NIR)-triggered photothermal ablation, generating tumor-associated antigens and triggering R837 combination with anti-CTLA-4 for immunogenic cell death (ICD) activation to kill the remaining tumor cells in mice and protect against tumor relapse and metastasis. Our results demonstrated that novel HA-PANi/R837 NP-induced photothermal ICD achieved in CD44-targeted TNBC is a promising application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vellingiri Yasothamani
- Cancer Research Program (CPR), Bio-Nano Therapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India
| | - Laxmanan Karthikeyan
- Cancer Research Program (CPR), Bio-Nano Therapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India
| | - Selvaraj Shyamsivappan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India
| | - Yuvaraj Haldorai
- Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India
| | - Dayakar Seetha
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695585, Kerala, India
| | - Raju Vivek
- Cancer Research Program (CPR), Bio-Nano Therapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India
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10
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MacCormack TJ, Meli MV, Ede JD, Ong KJ, Rourke JL, Dieni CA. Commentary: Revisiting nanoparticle-assay interference: There's plenty of room at the bottom for misinterpretation. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 255:110601. [PMID: 33857590 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are a diverse class of materials whose distinct properties make them desirable in a multitude of applications. The proliferation of nanotoxicology research has improved our understanding of ENM toxicity, but an under appreciation for their potential to interfere with biochemical assays has hampered progress in the field. The physicochemical properties of ENMs can promote their interaction with membranes or biomacromolecules (e.g. proteins, genomic material). This can influence the activity of enzymes used as biomarkers or as reagents in biochemical assay protocols, bind indicator dyes in cytotoxicity tests, and/or interfere with the cellular mechanisms controlling the uptake of such dyes. The spectral characteristics of some ENMs can cause interference with common assay chromophores, fluorophores, and radioisotope scintillation cocktails. Finally, the inherent chemical reactivity of some ENMs can short circuit assay mechanisms by directly oxidizing or reducing indicator dyes. These processes affect data quality and may lead to significant misinterpretations regarding ENM safety. We provide an overview of some ENM properties that facilitate assay interference, examples of interference and the erroneous conclusions that may result from it, and a number of general and specific recommendations for validating cellular and biochemical assay protocols in nanotoxicology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J MacCormack
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, 63C York St., Sackville, NB E4L1E4, Canada.
| | - M-V Meli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, 63C York St., Sackville, NB E4L1E4, Canada
| | - J D Ede
- Vireo Advisors, LLC, Boston, MA 02130-4323, USA
| | - K J Ong
- Vireo Advisors, LLC, Boston, MA 02130-4323, USA
| | - J L Rourke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, 63C York St., Sackville, NB E4L1E4, Canada
| | - C A Dieni
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Colorado Mesa University, 1100 North Ave., Grand Junction, CO 81501, USA
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11
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Huo D, Jiang X, Hu Y. Recent Advances in Nanostrategies Capable of Overcoming Biological Barriers for Tumor Management. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1904337. [PMID: 31663198 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials have been extensively employed as therapeutics for tumor management. Meanwhile, the complex tumor niche along with multiple barriers at the cellular level collectively hinders the action of nanomedicines. Here, the advanced strategies that hold promise for overcoming the numerous biological barriers facing nanomedicines are summarized. Starting from tumor entry, methods that promote tissue penetration of nanomedicine and address the hypoxia issue are also highlighted. Then, emphasis is given to the significance of overcoming both physical barriers, such as membrane-associated efflux pumps, and biological features, such as resistance to apoptosis. The pros and cons for an individual approach are presented. In addition, the associated technical problems are discussed, along with the importance of balancing the therapeutic merits and the additional cost of sophisticated nanomedicine designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Huo
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Xiqun Jiang
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Yong Hu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
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12
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A simple procedure to obtain nanodiamonds from leftover of HFCVD system for biological application. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-1967-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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13
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Preliminary Assessment of Burn Depth by Paper-Based ELISA for the Detection of Angiogenin in Burn Blister Fluid-A Proof of Concept. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10030127. [PMID: 32120826 PMCID: PMC7151184 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10030127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid assessment of burn depth is important for burn wound management. Superficial partial-thickness burn (SPTB) wounds heal without scars, but deep partial-thickness burn (DPTB) wounds require a longer healing time and have a higher risk of scar formation. We previously found that DPTB blister fluid displayed a higher angiogenin level than SPTB blister fluid by conventional ELISA. In this study, we developed a paper-based ELISA (P-ELISA) technique for rapid assessment of angiogenin concentration in burn blister fluid. We collected six samples of SPTB blister fluid, six samples of DPTB blister fluid, and seven normal healthy serum samples for analysis. We again chose ELISA to measure and compare angiogenin levels across all of our samples, but we developed a P-ELISA tool and compared sample results from that tool to the results from conventional ELISA. As with conventional ELISA, DPTB blister fluid displayed higher angiogenin levels than SPTB in P-ELISA. Furthermore, our P-ELISA results showed a moderate correlation with conventional ELISA results. This new diagnostic technique facilitates rapid and convenient assessment of burn depth by evaluating a key molecule in burn blister fluid. It presents a novel and easy-to-learn approach that may be suitable for clinically determining burn depth with diagnostic precision.
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14
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Upadhyay A, Yang H, Zaman B, Zhang L, Wu Y, Wang J, Zhao J, Liao C, Han Q. ZnO Nanolower-Based NanoPCR as an Efficient Diagnostic Tool for Quick Diagnosis of Canine Vector-Borne Pathogens. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9020122. [PMID: 32075178 PMCID: PMC7169380 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9020122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a unique technique in molecular biology and biotechnology for amplifying target DNA strands, and is also considered as a gold standard for the diagnosis of many canine diseases as well as many other infectious diseases. However, PCR still faces many challenges and issues related to its sensitivity, specificity, efficiency, and turnaround time. To address these issues, we described the use of unique ZnO nanoflowers in PCR reaction and an efficient ZnO nanoflower-based PCR (nanoPCR) for the molecular diagnosis of canine vector-borne diseases (CVBDs). A total of 1 mM of an aqueous solution of ZnO nanoflowers incorporated in PCR showed a significant enhancement of the PCR assay with respect to its sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of two important CVBDs, Babesia canis vogeli and Hepatozoon canis. Interestingly, it drastically reduced the turnaround time of the PCR assay without compromising the yield of the amplified DNA, which can be of benefit for veterinary practitioners for the improved management of diseases. This can be attributed to the favorable adsorption of ZnO nanoflowers to the DNA and thermal conductivity of ZnO nanoflowers. The unique ZnO nanoflower-assisted nanoPCR greatly improved the yield, purity, and quality of the amplified products, but the mechanism behind these properties and the effects and changes due to the different concentrations of ZnO nanoflowers in the PCR system needs to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Upadhyay
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (A.U.); (L.Z.); (J.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Huan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Material Science and Engineering, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Bilal Zaman
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Utilization of Si-Zr-Ti Resources, College of Material Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (A.U.); (L.Z.); (J.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yundi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (A.U.); (L.Z.); (J.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jianguo Zhao
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (A.U.); (L.Z.); (J.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Chenghong Liao
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (A.U.); (L.Z.); (J.W.); (J.Z.)
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (Q.H.)
| | - Qian Han
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (A.U.); (L.Z.); (J.W.); (J.Z.)
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (Q.H.)
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15
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Bandyopadhyay A, Yadav P, Sarkar K, Bhattacharyya S. The destructive spontaneous ingression of tunable silica nanosheets through cancer cell membranes. Chem Sci 2019; 10:6184-6192. [PMID: 31360425 PMCID: PMC6585596 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc00076c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond conventional therapies, the sharp edge ingress of ‘thin’ silica nanosheets treats cancer via mechanical scalpelling, albeit with limited oxidative stress.
Robust inorganic graphene analogues with atomic level sharp edges have seldom been investigated to decipher the interaction of two-dimensional materials with the cell membrane. Silica nanosheets (NSs) with four different thicknesses between 2.9 nm and 11.1 nm were synthesized by microwave irradiation and these colloidal NSs were able to spontaneously penetrate the cell membrane leaving membrane perforations at their sites of entry. The NS-ingression was most effective with the thinnest NSs, when studied in vitro. The atomistic details of the NS-membrane interaction were revealed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, which showed that the extraction of phospholipids was most favored when NSs were oriented vertically with respect to the membrane surface. While the folic acid modified NSs demonstrated a riveting tendency to penetrate the cancer cell membrane, co-modification with doxorubicin (DOX) unexpectedly reduced their capability. Migrating away from a conventional drug delivery approach, here we show that silica NSs can kill cancer cells primarily by mechanical scalpelling. Targeted ingress could be achieved through antibody conjugation on the NSs and thus only cancerous HeLa cells are affected by this treatment, leaving the normal HEK-293 cells intact. This destructive ingress through limited oxidative stress offers a previously unexplored route to treat fatal diseases without the necessity of transporting expensive drugs or radiation therapy, thereby bypassing deleterious side effects on healthy cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Chemical Sciences , Centre for Advanced Functional Materials , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) , Mohanpur - 741246 , Kolkata , India . ; Tel: +91-33-6136-0000 extn 1275
| | - Priya Yadav
- Department of Microbiology , University of Kalyani , Nadia - 741235 , India
| | - Keka Sarkar
- Department of Microbiology , University of Kalyani , Nadia - 741235 , India
| | - Sayan Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemical Sciences , Centre for Advanced Functional Materials , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) , Mohanpur - 741246 , Kolkata , India . ; Tel: +91-33-6136-0000 extn 1275
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16
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Abstract
Multiplexed detection of small noncoding RNAs responsible for posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression, known as miRNAs, is essential for understanding and controlling cell development. However, the lifetimes of miRNAs are short and their concentrations are low, which inhibits the development of miRNA-based methods, diagnostics, and treatment of many diseases. Here we show that DNA-bridged assemblies of gold nanorods with upconverting nanoparticles can simultaneously quantify two miRNA cancer markers, namely miR-21 and miR-200b. Energy upconversion in nanoparticles affords efficient excitation of fluorescent dyes via energy transfer in the superstructures with core-satellite geometry where gold nanorods are surrounded by upconverting nanoparticles. Spectral separation of the excitation beam and dye emission wavelengths enables drastic reduction of signal-to-noise ratio and the limit of detection to 3.2 zmol/ngRNA (0.11 amol or 6.5 × 104 copies) and 10.3 zmol/ngRNA (0.34 amol or 2.1 × 105 copies) for miR-21 and miR-200b, respectively. Zeptomolar sensitivity and analytical linearity with respect to miRNA concentration affords multiplexed detection and imaging of these markers, both in living cells and in vivo assays. These findings create a pathway for the creation of an miRNA toolbox for quantitative epigenetics and digital personalized medicine.
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17
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Christodouleas DC, Kaur B, Chorti P. From Point-of-Care Testing to eHealth Diagnostic Devices (eDiagnostics). ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2018; 4:1600-1616. [PMID: 30648144 PMCID: PMC6311959 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Point-of-care devices were originally designed to allow medical testing at or near the point of care by health-care professionals. Some point-of-care devices allow medical self-testing at home but cannot fully cover the growing diagnostic needs of eHealth systems that are under development in many countries. A number of easy-to-use, network-connected diagnostic devices for self-testing are needed to allow remote monitoring of patients' health. This Outlook highlights the essential characteristics of diagnostic devices for eHealth settings and indicates point-of-care technologies that may lead to the development of new devices. It also describes the most representative examples of simple-to-use, point-of-care devices that have been used for analysis of untreated biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Balwinder Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Parthena Chorti
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
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18
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Yang J, Zhai S, Qin H, Yan H, Xing D, Hu X. NIR-controlled morphology transformation and pulsatile drug delivery based on multifunctional phototheranostic nanoparticles for photoacoustic imaging-guided photothermal-chemotherapy. Biomaterials 2018; 176:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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19
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Koo KM, Wang J, Richards RS, Farrell A, Yaxley JW, Samaratunga H, Teloken PE, Roberts MJ, Coughlin GD, Lavin MF, Mainwaring PN, Wang Y, Gardiner RA, Trau M. Design and Clinical Verification of Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Diagnostic Technology for Individual Cancer Risk Prediction. ACS NANO 2018; 12:8362-8371. [PMID: 30028592 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b03698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The use of emerging nanotechnologies, such as plasmonic nanoparticles in diagnostic applications, potentially offers opportunities to revolutionize disease management and patient healthcare. Despite worldwide research efforts in this area, there is still a dearth of nanodiagnostics which have been successfully translated for real-world patient usage due to the predominant sole focus on assay analytical performance and lack of detailed investigations into clinical performance in human samples. In a bid to address this pressing need, we herein describe a comprehensive clinical verification of a prospective label-free surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanodiagnostic assay for prostate cancer (PCa) risk stratification. This contribution depicts a roadmap of (1) designing a SERS assay for robust and accurate detection of clinically validated PCa RNA targets; (2) employing a relevant and proven PCa clinical biomarker model to test our nanodiagnostic assay; and (3) investigating the clinical performance on independent training ( n = 80) and validation ( n = 40) cohorts of PCa human patient samples. By relating the detection outcomes to gold-standard patient biopsy findings, we established a PCa risk scoring system which exhibited a clinical sensitivity and specificity of 0.87 and 0.90, respectively [area-under-curve of 0.84 (95% confidence interval: 0.81-0.87) for differentiating high- and low-risk PCa] in the validation cohort. We envision that our SERS nanodiagnostic design and clinical verification approach may aid in the individualized prediction of PCa presence and risk stratification and may overall serve as an archetypical strategy to encourage comprehensive clinical evaluation of nanodiagnostic innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Koo
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology , University of Queensland , Brisbane , QLD 4072 , Australia
| | - Jing Wang
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology , University of Queensland , Brisbane , QLD 4072 , Australia
| | - Renée S Richards
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research , Brisbane , QLD 4029 , Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane , QLD 4006 , Australia
| | - Aine Farrell
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research , Brisbane , QLD 4029 , Australia
| | - John W Yaxley
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research , Brisbane , QLD 4029 , Australia
- Department of Urology , Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital , Brisbane , QLD 4029 , Australia
| | - Hema Samaratunga
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research , Brisbane , QLD 4029 , Australia
- Aquesta Specialized Uropathology, Brisbane , QLD 4066 , Australia
- Princess Alexandra Hospital , Brisbane , QLD 4102 , Australia
| | - Patrick E Teloken
- Department of Urology , Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital , Brisbane , QLD 4029 , Australia
- Princess Alexandra Hospital , Brisbane , QLD 4102 , Australia
| | - Matthew J Roberts
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research , Brisbane , QLD 4029 , Australia
- Department of Urology , Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital , Brisbane , QLD 4029 , Australia
| | - Geoffrey D Coughlin
- Department of Urology , Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital , Brisbane , QLD 4029 , Australia
| | - Martin F Lavin
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research , Brisbane , QLD 4029 , Australia
| | - Paul N Mainwaring
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology , University of Queensland , Brisbane , QLD 4072 , Australia
| | - Yuling Wang
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering , Macquarie University , Sydney , NSW 2109 , Australia
| | - Robert A Gardiner
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research , Brisbane , QLD 4029 , Australia
- Department of Urology , Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital , Brisbane , QLD 4029 , Australia
- Edith Cowan University , Perth , WA 6027 , Australia
- Griffith University , Brisbane , QLD 4111 , Australia
| | - Matt Trau
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology , University of Queensland , Brisbane , QLD 4072 , Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences , University of Queensland , Brisbane , QLD 4072 , Australia
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20
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Sayers EJ, Magnusson JP, Moody PR, Mastrotto F, Conte C, Brazzale C, Borri P, Caliceti P, Watson P, Mantovani G, Aylott J, Salmaso S, Jones AT, Alexander C. Switching of Macromolecular Ligand Display by Thermoresponsive Polymers Mediates Endocytosis of Multiconjugate Nanoparticles. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:1030-1046. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward J. Sayers
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VII Ave, Cardiff CF10 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes P. Magnusson
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG72RD, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R. Moody
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VII Ave, Cardiff CF10 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Mastrotto
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG72RD, United Kingdom
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Claudia Conte
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG72RD, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Brazzale
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Borri
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Caliceti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Peter Watson
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Mantovani
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG72RD, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Aylott
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG72RD, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Salmaso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Arwyn T. Jones
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VII Ave, Cardiff CF10 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Cameron Alexander
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG72RD, United Kingdom
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21
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Shen Z, Ye H, Kröger M, Li Y. Self-assembled core-polyethylene glycol-lipid shell nanoparticles demonstrate high stability in shear flow. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:13294-13306. [PMID: 28492653 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01530e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A core-polyethylene glycol-lipid shell (CPLS) nanoparticle consists of an inorganic core coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymers, surrounded by a lipid bilayer shell. It can be self-assembled from a PEGylated core with surface-tethered PEG chains, where all the distal ends are covalently bonded to lipid molecules. Upon adding free lipids, a complete lipid bilayer shell can be formed on the surface driven by the hydrophobic nature of lipid tails, leading to the formation of a CPLS nanoparticle. The stability of CPLS nanoparticles in shear flow has been systematically studied through large scale dissipative particle dynamics simulations. CPLS nanoparticles demonstrate higher stability and less deformation in shear flow, compared with lipid vesicles. Burst leakage of drug molecules inside lipid vesicles and CPLS NPs can be induced by the large pores at their tips. These pores are initiated by the maximum stress in the waist region. It further grows along with the tank-treading motion of vesicles or CPLS NPs in shear flow. However, due to the constraints applied by PEG polymers, CPLS NPs are less deformed than vesicles with comparable size under the same flow conditions. Thus, the less deformed CPLS NPs express a smaller maximum stress at waists, demonstrating higher stability. Pore formation at waists, evolving into large pores on vesicles, leads to the burst leakage of drug molecules and complete rupture of vesicles. In contrast, although similar drug leakage in CPLS nanoparticles can occur at high shear rates, pores initiated at moderate shear rates tend to be short-lived and close due to the constraints mediated by PEG polymers. This kind of 'self-healing' capability can be observed over a wide range of shear rates for CPLS nanoparticles. Our results suggest self-assembled CPLS nanoparticles to exhibit high stability during blood circulation without rapid drug leakage. These features make CPLS nanoparticles candidates for a promising drug delivery platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Shen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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22
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Dai Q, Bertleff‐Zieschang N, Braunger JA, Björnmalm M, Cortez‐Jugo C, Caruso F. Particle Targeting in Complex Biological Media. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7. [PMID: 28809092 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, nanoengineered particles have gained increasing interest for applications in the biomedical realm, including diagnosis, imaging, and therapy. When functionalized with targeting ligands, these particles have the potential to interact with specific cells and tissues, and accumulate at desired target sites, reducing side effects and improve overall efficacy in applications such as vaccination and drug delivery. However, when targeted particles enter a complex biological environment, the adsorption of biomolecules and the formation of a surface coating (e.g., a protein corona) changes the properties of the carriers and can render their behavior unpredictable. For this reason, it is of importance to consider the potential challenges imposed by the biological environment at the early stages of particle design. This review describes parameters that affect the targeting ability of particulate drug carriers, with an emphasis on the effect of the protein corona. We highlight strategies for exploiting the protein corona to improve the targeting ability of particles. Finally, we provide suggestions for complementing current in vitro assays used for the evaluation of targeting and carrier efficacy with new and emerging techniques (e.g., 3D models and flow-based technologies) to advance fundamental understanding in bio-nano science and to accelerate the development of targeted particles for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Dai
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Nadja Bertleff‐Zieschang
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Julia A. Braunger
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Mattias Björnmalm
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Christina Cortez‐Jugo
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Frank Caruso
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
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23
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Udugama B, Kadhiresan P, Samarakoon A, Chan WCW. Simplifying Assays by Tableting Reagents. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:17341-17349. [PMID: 29172470 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b07055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Medical diagnostic assays provide exquisite sensitivity and precision in the diagnoses of patients. However, these technologies often require multiple steps, skilled technicians, and facilities to store heat-sensitive reagents. Here, we developed a high-throughput compression method to incorporate different assay components into color-coded tablets. With our technique, premeasured quantities of reagents can be encapsulated in compressed tablets. We show that tableting stabilizes heat-sensitive reagents and simplifies a broad range of assays, including isothermal nucleic acid amplification techniques, enzyme-based immunoassays, and microbead diagnostics. To test the clinical readiness of this tableting technology, we show the ability of tableted diagnostics for screening hepatitis B-positive patient samples. Our development simplifies complicated assays and the transportation of reagents and mitigates the need for refrigeration of reagents. This advances the use of complex assays in remote areas with limited infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buddhisha Udugama
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, ‡Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Bimolecular Research, §Department of Chemistry, ∥Department of Chemical Engineering, and ⊥Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto , 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E1
| | - Pranav Kadhiresan
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, ‡Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Bimolecular Research, §Department of Chemistry, ∥Department of Chemical Engineering, and ⊥Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto , 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E1
| | - Amila Samarakoon
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, ‡Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Bimolecular Research, §Department of Chemistry, ∥Department of Chemical Engineering, and ⊥Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto , 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E1
| | - Warren C W Chan
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, ‡Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Bimolecular Research, §Department of Chemistry, ∥Department of Chemical Engineering, and ⊥Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto , 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E1
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24
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Kim J, Mohamed MAA, Zagorovsky K, Chan WCW. State of diagnosing infectious pathogens using colloidal nanomaterials. Biomaterials 2017; 146:97-114. [PMID: 28898761 PMCID: PMC7124370 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are a major global threat that accounts for one of the leading causes of global mortality and morbidity. Prompt diagnosis is a crucial first step in the management of infectious threats, which aims to quarantine infected patients to avoid contacts with healthy individuals and deliver effective treatments prior to further spread of diseases. This review article discusses current advances of diagnostic systems using colloidal nanomaterials (e.g., gold nanoparticles, quantum dots, magnetic nanoparticles) for identifying and differentiating infectious pathogens. The challenges involved in the clinical translation of these emerging nanotechnology based diagnostic devices will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisung Kim
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada; Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Bimolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada; Centre for Global Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Mohamed A Abdou Mohamed
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada; Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Bimolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Kyryl Zagorovsky
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada; Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Bimolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Warren C W Chan
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada; Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Bimolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada.
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25
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Fluorescence-coded DNA Nanostructure Probe System to Enable Discrimination of Tumor Heterogeneity via a Screening of Dual Intracellular microRNA Signatures in situ. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13499. [PMID: 29044199 PMCID: PMC5647416 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13456-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the delivery kinetics of different cell types are different, the signal from the target cell is greatly affected by the noise signal of the diagnostic system. This is a major obstacle hindering the practical application of intracellular diagnostic systems, such as tumor heterogeneity. To address these issues, here we present a microRNA detection platform using fluorescence-encoded nanostructured DNA-based probes. The nanostructured DNA was designed to include molecular beacons for detecting cytosolic microRNA as well as additional fluorophores. When the intracellular diagnostic system is delivered, fluorescence signals are generated by the molecular beacons, depending on the concentration of the target microRNA. The fluorescence signals are then normalized to the intensity of the additional fluorophore. Through this simple calculation, the concentration of intracellular microRNA can be determined without interference from the diagnosis system itself. And also it enabled discrimination of microRNA expression heterogeneity in five different breast cancer cell lines.
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Su X, Zhao F, Wang Y, Yan X, Jia S, Du B. CuS as a gatekeeper of mesoporous upconversion nanoparticles-based drug controlled release system for tumor-targeted multimodal imaging and synergetic chemo-thermotherapy. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:1761-1772. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Abstract
The interest in nanodiamond applications in biology and medicine is on the rise over recent years. This is due to the unique combination of properties that nanodiamond provides. Small size (∼5 nm), low cost, scalable production, negligible toxicity, chemical inertness of diamond core and rich chemistry of nanodiamond surface, as well as bright and robust fluorescence resistant to photobleaching are the distinct parameters that render nanodiamond superior to any other nanomaterial when it comes to biomedical applications. The most exciting recent results have been related to the use of nanodiamonds for drug delivery and diagnostics-two components of a quickly growing area of biomedical research dubbed theranostics. However, nanodiamond offers much more in addition: it can be used to produce biodegradable bone surgery devices, tissue engineering scaffolds, kill drug resistant microbes, help us to fight viruses, and deliver genetic material into cell nucleus. All these exciting opportunities require an in-depth understanding of nanodiamond. This review covers the recent progress as well as general trends in biomedical applications of nanodiamond, and underlines the importance of purification, characterization, and rational modification of this nanomaterial when designing nanodiamond based theranostic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Turcheniuk
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, United States of America
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Joris F, Valdepérez D, Pelaz B, Wang T, Doak SH, Manshian BB, Soenen SJ, Parak WJ, De Smedt SC, Raemdonck K. Choose your cell model wisely: The in vitro nanoneurotoxicity of differentially coated iron oxide nanoparticles for neural cell labeling. Acta Biomater 2017; 55:204-213. [PMID: 28373085 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there is a large interest in the labeling of neural stem cells (NSCs) with iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) to allow MRI-guided detection after transplantation in regenerative medicine. For such biomedical applications, excluding nanotoxicity is key. Nanosafety is primarily evaluated in vitro where an immortalized or cancer cell line of murine origin is often applied, which is not necessarily an ideal cell model. Previous work revealed clear neurotoxic effects of PMA-coated IONPs in distinct cell types that could potentially be applied for nanosafety studies regarding neural cell labeling. Here, we aimed to assess if DMSA-coated IONPs could be regarded as a safer alternative for this purpose and how the cell model impacted our nanosafety optimization study. Hereto, we evaluated cytotoxicity, ROS production, calcium levels, mitochondrial homeostasis and cell morphology in six related neural cell types, namely neural stem cells, an immortalized cell line and a cancer cell line from human and murine origin. The cell lines mostly showed similar responses to both IONPs, which were frequently more pronounced for the PMA-IONPs. Of note, ROS and calcium levels showed opposite trends in the human and murine NSCs, indicating the importance of the species. Indeed, the human cell models were overall more sensitive than their murine counterpart. Despite the clear cell type-specific nanotoxicity profiles, our multiparametric approach revealed that the DMSA-IONPs outperformed the PMA-IONPs in terms of biocompatibility in each cell type. However, major cell type-dependent variations in the observed effects additionally warrant the use of relevant human cell models. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Inorganic nanoparticle (NP) optimization is chiefly performed in vitro. For the optimization of iron oxide (IO)NPs for neural stem cell labeling in the context of regenerative medicine human or rodent neural stem cells, immortalized or cancer cell lines are applied. However, the use of certain cell models can be questioned as they phenotypically differ from the target cell. The impact of the neural cell model on nanosafety remains relatively unexplored. Here we evaluated cell homeostasis upon exposure to PMA- and DMSA-coated IONPs. Of note, the DMSA-IONPs outperformed the PMA-IONPs in each cell type. However, distinct cell type-specific effects were witnessed, indicating that nanosafety should be evaluated in a human cell model that represents the target cell as closely as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freya Joris
- Lab of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daniel Valdepérez
- Philipps University of Marburg, Department of Physics, Renthof 7, D-35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Beatriz Pelaz
- Philipps University of Marburg, Department of Physics, Renthof 7, D-35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Tianqiang Wang
- Philipps University of Marburg, Department of Physics, Renthof 7, D-35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Shareen H Doak
- Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Bella B Manshian
- Biomedical MRI Unit/MoSAIC, Department of Medicine, KULeuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefaan J Soenen
- Biomedical MRI Unit/MoSAIC, Department of Medicine, KULeuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wolfgang J Parak
- Philipps University of Marburg, Department of Physics, Renthof 7, D-35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Lab of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Koen Raemdonck
- Lab of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Chan WCW, Khademhosseini A, Parak WJ, Weiss PS. Cancer: Approaches from Nanoscience and Technology Approaches. ACS NANO 2017; 11:4375-4376. [PMID: 28532157 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b03308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
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Billingsley MM, Riley RS, Day ES. Antibody-nanoparticle conjugates to enhance the sensitivity of ELISA-based detection methods. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177592. [PMID: 28494030 PMCID: PMC5426781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate antigen detection is imperative for clinicians to diagnose disease, assess treatment success, and predict patient prognosis. The most common technique used for the detection of disease-associated biomarkers is the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In an ELISA, primary antibodies are incubated with biological samples containing the biomarker of interest. Then, detectible secondary antibodies conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) bind the primary antibodies. Upon addition of a color-changing substrate, the samples provide a colorimetric signal that directly correlates to the targeted biomarker concentration. While ELISAs are effective for analyzing samples with high biomarker content, they lack the sensitivity required to analyze samples with low antigen levels. We hypothesized that the sensitivity of ELISAs could be enhanced by replacing freely delivered primary antibodies with antibody-nanoparticle conjugates that provide excess binding sites for detectible secondary antibodies, ultimately leading to increased signal. Here, we investigated the use of nanoshells (NS) decorated with antibodies specific to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as a model system (EGFR-NS). We incubated one healthy and two breast cancer cell lines, each expressing different levels of EGFR, with EGFR-NS, untargeted NS, or unconjugated EGFR antibodies, as well as detectable secondary antibodies. We found that EGFR-NS consistently increased signal intensity relative to unconjugated EGFR antibodies, with a substantial 13-fold enhancement from cells expressing high levels of EGFR. Additionally, 40x more unconjugated antibodies were required to detect EGFR compared to those conjugated to NS. Our results demonstrate that antibody-nanoparticle conjugates lower the detection limit of traditional ELISAs and support further investigation of this strategy with other antibodies and nanoparticles. Owing to their enhanced sensitivity, we anticipate that nanoparticle-modified ELISAs can be used to detect low levels of biomarkers found in various diseases, such as cancers, tuberculosis, and rheumatoid arthritis, and may ultimately enable earlier diagnosis, better prognostication, and improved treatment monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M. Billingsley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Rachel S. Riley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Emily S. Day
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
- Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
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Kang M, Kim E, Winkler TE, Banis G, Liu Y, Kitchen CA, Kelly DL, Ghodssi R, Payne GF. Reliable clinical serum analysis with reusable electrochemical sensor: Toward point-of-care measurement of the antipsychotic medication clozapine. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 95:55-59. [PMID: 28412661 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Clozapine is one of the most promising medications for managing schizophrenia but it is under-utilized because of the challenges of maintaining serum levels in a safe therapeutic range (1-3μM). Timely measurement of serum clozapine levels has been identified as a barrier to the broader use of clozapine, which is however challenging due to the complexity of serum samples. We demonstrate a robust and reusable electrochemical sensor with graphene-chitosan composite for rapidly measuring serum levels of clozapine. Our electrochemical measurements in clinical serum from clozapine-treated and clozapine-untreated schizophrenia groups are well correlated to centralized laboratory analysis for the readily detected uric acid and for the clozapine which is present at 100-fold lower concentration. The benefits of our electrochemical measurement approach for serum clozapine monitoring are: (i) rapid measurement (≈20min) without serum pretreatment; (ii) appropriate selectivity and sensitivity (limit of detection 0.7μM); (iii) reusability of an electrode over several weeks; and (iv) rapid reliability testing to detect common error-causing problems. This simple and rapid electrochemical approach for serum clozapine measurements should provide clinicians with the timely point-of-care information required to adjust dosages and personalize the management of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijeong Kang
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States; Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Eunkyoung Kim
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States; Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Thomas E Winkler
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States; MEMS Sensors and Actuators Laboratory (MSAL), University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - George Banis
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States; MEMS Sensors and Actuators Laboratory (MSAL), University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Yi Liu
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States; Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Christopher A Kitchen
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228, United States
| | - Deanna L Kelly
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228, United States
| | - Reza Ghodssi
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States; MEMS Sensors and Actuators Laboratory (MSAL), University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Gregory F Payne
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States; Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States.
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Abstract
We present an original, low-cost nanoplasmonic (bio)sensor based on crossed surface relief gratings (CSRGs) generated from orthogonally superimposed surface relief gratings (SRGs) on gold-coated azo-glass substrate. This surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based sensing approach is unique, since the light transmitted through a CSRG is zero except in the narrow bandwidth where the SPR conversion occurs, enabling quantitative monitoring of only the plasmonic signal from biomolecular interactions in real time. We validated the individual SRG plasmonic signature of CSRGs by observing their respective SPR excitation peaks, and tested them to detect both bulk and near-surface refractive index (RI) changes. Compared to simple SRGs, CSRGs portray a much-improved sensitivity of 647.8 nm/RIU, a resolution on the order of 10-5 RIU, and a figure of merit (FOM) of 14 for bulk RI-change sensing. We also demonstrate their ability to perform as biosensors, through the detection and monitoring of near-surface biomolecular interactions in real time, a first for CSRGs. The minimum detectable concentration of biotin-streptavidin binding events was 8.3 nM. Due to their sensing abilities, low cost (<10 cents/unit), ease of fabrication, and inherent suitability for integration with microfluidics, we anticipate that CSRGs will stand as strong candidates in the portable diagnostics arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijit Nair
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, 19 Division Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Carlos Escobedo
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, 19 Division Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Ribal Georges Sabat
- Department
of Physics, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario K7K 7B4, Canada
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Morales-Narváez E, Baptista-Pires L, Zamora-Gálvez A, Merkoçi A. Graphene-Based Biosensors: Going Simple. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29. [PMID: 27896856 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201604905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The main properties of graphene derivatives facilitating optical and electrical biosensing platforms are discussed, along with how the integration of graphene derivatives, plastic, and paper can lead to innovative devices in order to simplify biosensing technology and manufacture easy-to-use, yet powerful electrical or optical biosensors. Some crucial issues to be overcome in order to bring graphene-based biosensors to the market are also underscored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eden Morales-Narváez
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Baptista-Pires
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Zamora-Gálvez
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arben Merkoçi
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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Chan WWC, Chhowalla M, Glotzer S, Gogotsi Y, Hafner JH, Hammond PT, Hersam MC, Javey A, Kagan CR, Khademhosseini A, Kotov NA, Lee ST, Li Y, Möhwald H, Mulvaney PA, Nel AE, Nordlander PJ, Parak WJ, Penner RM, Rogach AL, Schaak RE, Stevens MM, Wee ATS, Willson CG, Fernandez LE, Weiss PS. Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Impacting Diverse Fields of Science, Engineering, and Medicine. ACS NANO 2016; 10:10615-10617. [PMID: 28024354 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b08335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
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Kunz-Schughart LA, Dubrovska A, Peitzsch C, Ewe A, Aigner A, Schellenburg S, Muders MH, Hampel S, Cirillo G, Iemma F, Tietze R, Alexiou C, Stephan H, Zarschler K, Vittorio O, Kavallaris M, Parak WJ, Mädler L, Pokhrel S. Nanoparticles for radiooncology: Mission, vision, challenges. Biomaterials 2016; 120:155-184. [PMID: 28063356 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading non-communicable diseases with highest mortality rates worldwide. About half of all cancer patients receive radiation treatment in the course of their disease. However, treatment outcome and curative potential of radiotherapy is often impeded by genetically and/or environmentally driven mechanisms of tumor radioresistance and normal tissue radiotoxicity. While nanomedicine-based tools for imaging, dosimetry and treatment are potential keys to the improvement of therapeutic efficacy and reducing side effects, radiotherapy is an established technique to eradicate the tumor cells. In order to progress the introduction of nanoparticles in radiooncology, due to the highly interdisciplinary nature, expertise in chemistry, radiobiology and translational research is needed. In this report recent insights and promising policies to design nanotechnology-based therapeutics for tumor radiosensitization will be discussed. An attempt is made to cover the entire field from preclinical development to clinical studies. Hence, this report illustrates (1) the radio- and tumor-biological rationales for combining nanostructures with radiotherapy, (2) tumor-site targeting strategies and mechanisms of cellular uptake, (3) biological response hypotheses for new nanomaterials of interest, and (4) challenges to translate the research findings into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leoni A Kunz-Schughart
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Peitzsch
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Ewe
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Achim Aigner
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Samuel Schellenburg
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael H Muders
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Silke Hampel
- Leibniz Institute of Solid State and Material Research Dresden, 01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Francesca Iemma
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Rainer Tietze
- ENT-Department, Section for Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius Professorship, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Alexiou
- ENT-Department, Section for Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius Professorship, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Holger Stephan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristof Zarschler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - Orazio Vittorio
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, Sydney, UNSW, Australia
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, Sydney, UNSW, Australia
| | - Wolfgang J Parak
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany; CIC Biomagune, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Lutz Mädler
- Foundation Institute of Materials Science (IWT), Department of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Suman Pokhrel
- Foundation Institute of Materials Science (IWT), Department of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
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Björnmalm M, Faria M, Caruso F. Increasing the Impact of Materials in and beyond Bio-Nano Science. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:13449-13456. [PMID: 27672703 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b08673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This is an exciting time for the field of bio-nano science: enormous progress has been made in recent years, especially in academic research, and materials developed and studied in this area are poised to make a substantial impact in real-world applications. Herein, we discuss ways to leverage the strengths of the field, current limitations, and valuable lessons learned from neighboring fields that can be adopted to accelerate scientific discovery and translational research in bio-nano science. We identify and discuss five interconnected topics: (i) the advantages of cumulative research; (ii) the necessity of aligning projects with research priorities; (iii) the value of transparent science; (iv) the opportunities presented by "dark data"; and (v) the importance of establishing bio-nano standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Björnmalm
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Matthew Faria
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Frank Caruso
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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