1
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Parashar RK, Kandpal S, Pal N, Manna D, Pal BN, Kumar R, Mondal PC. Coexistence of Electrochromism and Bipolar Nonvolatile Memory in a Single Viologen. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37883131 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Viologens are fascinating redox-active organic compounds that have been widely explored in electrochromic devices (ECDs). However, the combination of electrochromic and resistive random-access memory in a single viologen remains unexplored. We report the coexistence of bistate electrochromic and single-resistor (1R) memory functions in a novel viologen. A high-performance electrochromic function is achieved by combining viologen (BzV2+2PF6) with polythiophene (P3HT), enabling a "push-pull" electronic effect due to the efficient intermolecular charge transfer in response to an applied bias. The ECDs show high coloration efficiency (ca. 1150 ± 10 cm2 C-1), subsecond switching time, good cycle stability (>103 switching cycles), and low-bias operation (±1.5 V). The ECDs require low power for switching the color states (55 μW cm-2 for magenta and 141 μW cm-2 for blue color). The random-access memory devices (p+2-Si/BzV2+2PF6/Al) exhibit distinct low and high resistive states with an ON/OFF ratio of ∼103, bipolar and nonvolatile characteristics that manifest good performances, and "Write"-"Read"-"Erase" (WRE) functions. The charge conduction mechanism of the RRAM device is elucidated by the Poole-Frenkel model where SET and RESET states arise at a low transition voltage (VT = ±1.7 V). Device statistics and performance parameters for both electrochromic and memory devices are compared with the literature data. Our findings on electrochromism and nonvolatile memory originated in the same viologen could boost the development of multifunctional, smart, wearable, flexible, and low-cost optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeev Kumar Parashar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Suchita Kandpal
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol 453552, India
| | - Nila Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Debashree Manna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo námĕstí 542/2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bhola Nath Pal
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol 453552, India
| | - Prakash Chandra Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
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2
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Rim M, Kang DG, Kim W, Jang J, Oh M, Wi Y, Park S, Tran DT, Ha M, Jeong KU. Encryptable Electrochromic Smart Windows: Uniaxially Oriented and Polymerized Hierarchical Nanostructures Constructed by Self-Assembly of Tetrathiafulvalene-Based Reactive Mesogens. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37486215 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF)-based reactive mesogens (TTF-E and TTF-T) are synthesized, self-assembled, uniaxially oriented, and polymerized for the development of encryptable electrochromic smart windows. Electrochemical and spectroscopic experiments prove that the self-assembled TTF mixture (TTFM, TTF-E:TTF-T = 1:1) can reversibly switch the absorption wavelength of the TTF chromophore according to the redox reactions. Based on the identification of the phase transition and crystallographic structure, uniaxially oriented hierarchical nanostructures are easily constructed on the macroscopic area by simple coating and a self-assembly process. Subsequent polymerization of hierarchical nanostructures of TTFM significantly enhances thermal and mechanical stabilities and makes it possible for them to be fabricated as an electrochromic device. The angularly dependent correlation between the anisotropy of mesogens and the linearly polarized light allow us to demonstrate TTFM as smart windows capable of various optical security applications, including privacy protection and information encryption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minwoo Rim
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gue Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Woojin Kim
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhwa Jang
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Mintaek Oh
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjae Wi
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjune Park
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Duy Thanh Tran
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjeong Ha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Un Jeong
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
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3
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Ding Y, Wang M, Mei Z, Diao X. Flexible Inorganic All-Solid-State Electrochromic Devices toward Visual Energy Storage and Two-Dimensional Color Tunability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:15646-15656. [PMID: 36926798 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Multicolor display has gradually become a sought-after trend for electrochromic devices due to its broadened application scope. Meanwhile, the advantages of inorganic electrochromic devices such as stable electrochemical performance and good energy storage ability also have great attraction in practical production applications. However, there are still huge challenges for inorganic electrochromic materials to achieve multicolor transformation due to their single-color hue change. Herein, we design an inorganic and multicolor electrochromic energy storage device (MEESD) exhibiting flexibility and all-solid-state merits. Prussian blue (PB) and MnO2, as the asymmetrical electrodes of this MEESD, show good pseudocapacitance property, matching charge capacity, and obvious color change. As a typical electrochromic device, the MEESD shows a fast response of 0.5 s and good coloration efficiency of 144.2 cm2/C. As an energy storage device, the MEESD presents excellent rate capability and volumetric energy/power density (84.2 mWh cm-3/23.3 W cm-3). Its energy level can be visually monitored by color contrast and optical modulation. In the charging/discharging process, its color can obviously change to various degrees of yellow, green, and blue along with 40% wide optical modulation at 710 nm. Meanwhile, the stability of the MEESD in a common and humidity environment was analyzed in detail from electrochemical, optical, and energy storage aspects. This work provides feasible thoughts to design multifunctional electrochromic devices integrated with inorganic, flexible, all-solid-state, multicolor, and energy storage properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Ding
- Beihang University, Beijing 102206, China
| | | | - Zheyue Mei
- Beihang University, Beijing 102206, China
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4
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Li X, Guo Y, Zhang M, Zhang C, Niu R, Ma H, Sun Y. Colorable Light-Scattering Device Based on Polymer-Stabilized Ion-Doped Cholesteric Liquid Crystal and an Electrochromatic Layer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:7184-7195. [PMID: 36701765 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bistable polymer-stabilized cholesteric liquid crystal (LC) devices have been extensively researched due to their energy-saving benefits. Compared to devices with merely transparent and light-scattering states, LC devices with controlled light absorption or changeable color functions are unquestionably more intriguing. In this paper, a polymer-stabilized ion-doped cholesteric LC and an electrochromic layer are used to fabricate a colorable device which can show four operating states: transparent, light-scattering, colored transparent, and colored light-scattering. The working principle and fabrication strategy are explained in detail. Based on the dielectric response of LC, the electrohydrodynamic effect of ion-doped LC, and the redox reaction of electrochromic materials, the transparent or light-scattering state and the colored or colorless state of the device can be regulated by controlling the alternating frequency and the direction of the electric field. The display performance related to the monomer, chiral dopant, and electrochromic layer is investigated. The content of monomer and chiral dopant affects the polymer network and pitch of cholesteric LC, which then affects the driving voltages and contrast ratio. The thickness of the electrochromic layer has a significant impact on the transmittance of the device's coloring and fading states. The sample with excellent operating states is obtained by optimizing the material and the construction, which can be widely applied in smart windows and energy-saving display devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuai Li
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Yuqiang Guo
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Meishan Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Rui Niu
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Hongmei Ma
- Department of Applied Physics, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Yubao Sun
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
- Department of Applied Physics, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
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5
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Tao CA, Li Y, Wang J. The progress of electrochromic materials based on metal–organic frameworks. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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6
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Peng J, Lin Q, Földes T, Jeong HH, Xiong Y, Pitsalidis C, Malliaras GG, Rosta E, Baumberg JJ. In-Situ Spectro-Electrochemistry of Conductive Polymers Using Plasmonics to Reveal Doping Mechanisms. ACS NANO 2022; 16:21120-21128. [PMID: 36468680 PMCID: PMC9798863 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c09081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Conducting polymers are a key component for developing wearable organic electronics, but tracking their redox processes at the nanoscale to understand their doping mechanism remains challenging. Here we present an in-situ spectro-electrochemical technique to observe redox dynamics of conductive polymers in an extremely localized volume (<100 nm3). Plasmonic nanoparticles encapsulated by thin shells of different conductive polymers provide actively tuned scattering color through switching their refractive index. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering in combination with cyclic voltammetry enables detailed studies of the redox/doping process. Our data intriguingly show that the doping mechanism varies with polymer conductivity: a disproportionation mechanism dominates in more conductive polymers, while sequential electron transfer prevails in less conductive polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialong Peng
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB30HE, U.K.
| | - Qianqi Lin
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB30HE, U.K.
| | - Tamás Földes
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University College
London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K.
| | - Hyeon-Ho Jeong
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB30HE, U.K.
| | - Yuling Xiong
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB30HE, U.K.
| | - Charalampos Pitsalidis
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB30AS, U.K.
| | - George G. Malliaras
- Electrical
Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB30FA, U.K.
| | - Edina Rosta
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University College
London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K.
| | - Jeremy J. Baumberg
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB30HE, U.K.
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7
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Pathak DK, Moon HC. Recent progress in electrochromic energy storage materials and devices: a minireview. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:2949-2975. [PMID: 36239257 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh00845a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Integration of several functionalities into one isolated electrochemical body is necessary to realize compact and tiny smart electronics. Recently, two different technologies, electrochromic (EC) materials and energy storage, were combined to create a single system that supports and drives both functions simultaneously. In EC energy storage devices, the characteristic feature of EC materials, their optical modulation depending on the applied voltage, is used to visually identify the stored energy level in real time. Moreover, combining energy-harvesting and EC storage systems by sharing one electrode facilitates the realization of further compact multifunction systems. In this minireview, we highlight recent groundbreaking achievements in EC multifunction systems where the stored energy levels can be visualized using the color of the device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesh K Pathak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hong Chul Moon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea.
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8
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A Versatile Strategy for Multi‐Stimuli‐Responsive Fluorescent Material Based on Cross‐Linking‐Induced Emission: Applications in Encryption. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208516. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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9
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Liu Q, Yang L, Ling W, Guo B, Chen L, Wang J, Zhang J, Wang W, Mo F. Organic electrochromic energy storage materials and device design. Front Chem 2022; 10:1001425. [PMID: 36212068 PMCID: PMC9538391 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1001425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
While not affecting electrochemical performance of energy storage devices, integrating multi-functional properties such as electrochromic functions into energy storage devices can effectively promote the development of multifunctional devices. Compared with inorganic electrochromic materials, organic materials possess the significant advantages of facile preparation, low cost, and large color contrast. Specifically, most polymer materials show excellent electrochemical properties, which can be widely used in the design and development of energy storage devices. In this article, we focus on the application of organic electrochromic materials in energy storage devices. The working mechanisms, electrochemical performance of different types of organics as well as the shortcomings of organic electrochromic materials in related devices are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjiang Liu
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liangliang Yang
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Ling
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Binbin Guo
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Lina Chen
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaolong Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China
- *Correspondence: Jiaolong Zhang, ; Funian Mo,
| | - Wenhui Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Funian Mo
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Jiaolong Zhang, ; Funian Mo,
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10
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Jiang Y, Ma J, Ran Z, Zhong H, Zhang D, Hadjichristidis N. Versatile Strategy for Multi‐Stimuli‐Responsive Fluorescent Material Based on Cross‐Linking‐Induced Emission. Application in Encryption. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- South-Central University for Nationalities: South-Central Minzu University School of chemistry and materials science Minzu Road Wuhan CHINA
| | - Jiahui Ma
- South-Central Minzu University School of chemistry and materials science CHINA
| | - Ziyu Ran
- South-Central Minzu University School of chemistry and materials science CHINA
| | - Huiqing Zhong
- South-Central Minzu University School of chemistry and materials science CHINA
| | - Daohong Zhang
- South-Central Minzu University School of chemistry and materials science CHINA
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- KAUST: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology KAUST Catalysis Center SAUDI ARABIA
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11
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Chromism-Integrated Sensors and Devices for Visual Indicators. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22114288. [PMID: 35684910 PMCID: PMC9185273 DOI: 10.3390/s22114288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The bifunctionality of chromism-integrated sensors and devices has been highlighted because of their reversibility, fast response, and visual indication. For example, one of the representative chromism electrochromic materials exhibits optical modulation under ion insertion/extraction by applying a potential. This operation mechanism can be integrated with various sensors (pressure, strain, biomolecules, gas, etc.) and devices (energy conversion/storage systems) as visual indicators for user-friendly operation. In this review, recent advances in the field of chromism-integrated systems for visual indicators are categorized for various chromism-integrated sensors and devices. This review can provide insights for researchers working on chromism, sensors, or devices. The integrated chromic devices are evaluated in terms of coloration-bleach operation, cycling stability, and coloration efficiency. In addition, the existing challenges and prospects for chromism-integrated sensors and devices are summarized for further research.
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12
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King ME, Fonseca Guzman MV, Ross MB. Material strategies for function enhancement in plasmonic architectures. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:602-611. [PMID: 34985484 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06049j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic materials are promising for applications in enhanced sensing, energy, and advanced optical communications. These applications, however, often require chemical and physical functionality that is suited and designed for the specific application. In particular, plasmonic materials need to access the wide spectral range from the ultraviolet to the mid-infrared in addition to having the requisite surface characteristics, temperature dependence, or structural features that are not intrinsic to or easily accessed by the noble metals. Herein, we describe current progress and identify promising strategies for further expanding the capabilities of plasmonic materials both across the electromagnetic spectrum and in functional areas that can enable new technology and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa E King
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
| | | | - Michael B Ross
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
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13
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Fletcher‐Charles J, Ferreira RR, Abraham M, Romito D, Oppel M, González L, Bonifazi D. Oxygen‐Doped PAH Electrochromes: Difurano, Dipyrano, and Furano‐Pyrano Containing Naphthalene‐Cored Molecules. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rúben R. Ferreira
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Michael Abraham
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Deborah Romito
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Markus Oppel
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Davide Bonifazi
- School of Chemistry Cardiff University Cardiff CF10 3AT United Kingdom
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna 1090 Vienna Austria
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14
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Langford J, Xu X, Yang Y. Plasmon Character Index: An Accurate and Efficient Metric for Identifying and Quantifying Plasmons in Molecules. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:9391-9397. [PMID: 34551254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plasmons, which are collective and coherent oscillations of charge carriers driven by an external field, play an important role in applications such as solar energy harvesting, sensing, and catalysis. Conventionally, plasmons are found in bulk and nanomaterials and can be described with classical electrodynamics. In recent years, plasmons have also been identified in molecules, and these molecules have been utilized to build plasmonic devices. As molecular plasmons can no longer be described by classical electrodynamics, a description using quantum mechanics is necessary. In this Letter, we develop a quantum metric to accurately and efficiently identify and quantify plasmons in molecules. A number, which we call the plasmon character index (PCI), can be calculated for each electronic excited state and describes the plasmonicity of the excitation. PCI is developed from the collective and coherent excitation picture in orbitals and shows excellent agreement with the predictions from scaled time-dependent density functional theory but is vastly more computationally efficient. Therefore, PCI can be a useful tool in identifying and quantifying plasmons and will inform the rational design of plasmonic molecules and nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Langford
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Xi Xu
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Yang Yang
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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15
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Kim JH, Cha S, Kim Y, Son J, Park JE, Oh JW, Nam JM. Nontrivial, Unconventional Electrochromic Behaviors of Plasmonic Nanocubes. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:7512-7518. [PMID: 34491741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic electrochromism, a change in the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) with an applied electric potential, has been attracting increasing attention for the development of spectroscopic tools or optoelectronic systems. There is a consensus on the mechanism of plasmonic electrochromism based on the classical capacitor and the Drude model. However, the electrochromic behaviors of metallic nanoparticles in narrow optical windows have been demonstrated only with small monotonic LSPR shifts, which limits the use of the electrochromism. Here, we observed three distinct electrochromic behaviors of gold nanocubes with a wide potential range through in situ dark-field electrospectroscopy. Interestingly, the nanocubes show a faster frequency shift under the highly negative potential, and this opens the possibility of largely tunable electrochromic LSPR shifts. The reversibility of the electrochemical switching with these cubes are also shown. We attribute this unexpected change beyond classical understandings to the material-specific quantum mechanical electronic structures of the plasmonic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Seungsang Cha
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Yoonhee Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jiwoong Son
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Wook Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jwa-Min Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
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16
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Zhao SQ, Jiang ZY, Chen LS, Huang W, Liu YH. Self-supporting, ultra-thin and highly transparent conducting nickel grids for extremely flexible and stretchable electrochromic devices. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:25254-25269. [PMID: 34614859 DOI: 10.1364/oe.428332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It has been a great challenge to design an extremely flexible and stretchable electrochromic device (ECD), due to the physical deformation and fracture of the conductive materials and supporting substrates after plenty of bending. To solve the aforementioned shortcoming of ECDs, in this paper, a self-supporting metal Ni gird electrode is mentioned, which discarded solid or flexible polymeric substrates, having outstanding features of extremely foldability (bending radius lower 50 μm), stretchability (stretching to 117.6%), excellent conductivity (sheet resistance lower 0.4 Ω/sq), high transmittance (about 90% in full spectra), and ultra-thin thickness (3.7 μm). By assembling the metal electrode, the electrochromic material and the hydrogel, a paper-thin, ultra-flexible, and stretchable ECD with an overall thickness of 113 μm was prepared, which could be attached to the manifold and undulating surface of things and be stretched without compromising the dynamic bleaching and coloration performance. The triple-layered and substrate-free ECD with excellent flexibility and wearability could serve as futuristic electronics used for multiple purposes, like flexible displays, camouflage wearables and medical monitoring, etc.
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17
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Preparation of poly(carbazole-TEMPO) electrode and its electrochemical performance. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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18
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Wu J, Jiao X, Chen D, Li C. Dual-stimuli responsive color-changing nanofibrous membranes as effective media for anti-counterfeiting and erasable writing. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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Ueda H, Yoshimoto S. Multi-Redox Active Carbons and Hydrocarbons: Control of their Redox Properties and Potential Applications. CHEM REC 2021; 21:2411-2429. [PMID: 34128316 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Precise control over redox properties is essential for high-performance organic electronic devices such as organic batteries, electrochromic devices, and information storage devices. In this context, multi-redox active carbons and hydrocarbons, represented as Cx Hy molecules (x≥1, y≥0), are highly sought after, because they can switch between multiple redox states. Herein, we outline the redox properties of Cx Hy molecules as solutes and adsorbed species. Furthermore, the limitations of evaluating their redox properties and the possible solutions are summarized. Additionally, the theoretical capacity (mAh/g) and gravimetric energy density (Wh/kg) of secondary batteries were estimated based on the redox properties of 185 Cx Hy molecules, which have primarily been reported in the last decade. Among them, seven Cx Hy molecules were found to have the potential to surpass the energy density of LiNi0.6 Mn0.2 Co0.2 O2 /graphite batteries. The use of Cx Hy molecules in multielectrochromic devices and multi-bit memory is also explained. We believe that this review will encourage further utilization of Cx Hy molecules thereby promoting its applications in organic electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Ueda
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Soichiro Yoshimoto
- Institute of Industrial Nanomaterials, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
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20
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Hao Q, Li ZJ, Bai B, Zhang X, Zhong YW, Wan LJ, Wang D. A Covalent Organic Framework Film for Three-State Near-Infrared Electrochromism and a Molecular Logic Gate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12498-12503. [PMID: 33756014 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A Kagome structure covalent organic framework (COF) film with three-state NIR electrochromic properties was designed and synthesized. The COFTPDA-PDA film is composed of hexagonal nanosheets with high crystallinity and has three reversible color states at different applied potentials. It has high absorption spectra changes in the NIR region, ascribed to the strong intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) interaction of the Class III mixed-valence systems of the conjugated triphenylamine species. The film showed sub-second response time (1.3 s for coloring and 0.7 s for bleaching at 1050 nm) and long retention time in the NIR region. COFTPDA-PDA film shows superior NIR electrochromic properties in term of response time and stability, attributed to the highly ordered porous structure and the π-π stacking structure of the COFTPDA-PDA architecture. The COFTPDA-PDA film was applied in mimicking a flip-flop logic gate with optical memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Hao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bin Bai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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21
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Hao Q, Li Z, Bai B, Zhang X, Zhong Y, Wan L, Wang D. A Covalent Organic Framework Film for Three‐State Near‐Infrared Electrochromism and a Molecular Logic Gate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Hao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Zhi‐Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Bin Bai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Wu Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Li‐Jun Wan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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22
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Zeng C, Wang B, Zhang H, Sun M, Huang L, Gu Y, Qiu Z, Müllen K, Gu C, Ma Y. Electrochemical Synthesis, Deposition, and Doping of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Films. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:2682-2687. [PMID: 33560113 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c13298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are employed as organic semiconductors because their delocalized π-electron systems and strong intermolecular interactions endow them with an exceptional charge-transport ability. However, the deposition of PAHs from solution onto high-quality thin films is often difficult. Here, we report a one-step electrochemical method to synthesize and deposit unsubstituted PAHs, starting from twisted oligophenyl precursors. The cyclodehydrogenated products were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser-desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry as well as Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy. With this electrosynthesis and deposition, the PAHs stack into compact and ordered supramolecular structures along the π-π direction to form thin films with controllable thicknesses and doping levels. The direct fabrication of PAH films opens new pathways toward PAH-based optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Bohan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Huanhuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Mingxiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Liangbin Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology. Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - Yanwei Gu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Zijie Qiu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Cheng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yuguang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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23
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Li J, Wang X, Sun W, Maleski K, Shuck CE, Li K, Urbankowski P, Hantanasirisakul K, Wang X, Kent P, Wang H, Gogotsi Y. Intercalation‐Induced Reversible Electrochromic Behavior of Two‐Dimensional Ti
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MXene in Organic Electrolytes. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202001449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Li
- A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai 201620 PR China
| | - Xuehang Wang
- A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Weiwei Sun
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education Southeast University Nanjing 210096 China
| | - Kathleen Maleski
- A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Christopher E. Shuck
- A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Ke Li
- A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Patrick Urbankowski
- A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Kanit Hantanasirisakul
- A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Paul Kent
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
- Computational Sciences and Engineering Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai 201620 PR China
| | - Yury Gogotsi
- A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
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24
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Liu H, Dong W, Wang H, Lu L, Ruan Q, Tan YS, Simpson RE, Yang JKW. Rewritable color nanoprints in antimony trisulfide films. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/51/eabb7171. [PMID: 33328223 PMCID: PMC7744068 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb7171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Materials that exhibit large and rapid switching of their optical properties in the visible spectrum hold the key to color-changing devices. Antimony trisulfide (Sb2S3) is a chalcogenide material that exhibits large refractive index changes of ~1 between crystalline and amorphous states. However, little is known about its ability to endure multiple switching cycles, its capacity for recording high-resolution patterns, nor the optical properties of the crystallized state. Unexpectedly, we show that crystalline Sb2S3 films that are just 20 nm thick can produce substantial birefringent phase retardation. We also report a high-speed rewritable patterning approach at subdiffraction resolutions (>40,000 dpi) using 780-nm femtosecond laser pulses. Partial reamorphization is demonstrated and then used to write and erase multiple microscale color images with a wide range of colors over a ~120-nm band in the visible spectrum. These solid-state, rapid-switching, and ultrahigh-resolution color-changing devices could find applications in nonvolatile ultrathin displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Liu
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Weiling Dong
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Hao Wang
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Li Lu
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Qifeng Ruan
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - You Sin Tan
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Robert E Simpson
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore.
| | - Joel K W Yang
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore.
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
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25
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Feng J, Liu T, Cao R. An Electrochromic Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Framework Film. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:22392-22396. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji‐fei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Tian‐Fu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Rong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China
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26
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Feng J, Liu T, Cao R. An Electrochromic Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Framework Film. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji‐fei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Tian‐Fu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Rong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China
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27
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Lee Y, Yun J, Seo M, Kim SJ, Oh J, Kang CM, Sun HJ, Chung TD, Lee B. Full-Color-Tunable Nanophotonic Device Using Electrochromic Tungsten Trioxide Thin Film. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:6084-6090. [PMID: 32603122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Color generation based on strategically designed plasmonic nanostructures is a promising approach for display applications with unprecedented high-resolution. However, it is disadvantageous in that the optical response is fixed once the structure is determined. Therefore, obtaining high modulation depth with reversible optical properties while maintaining its fixed nanostructure is a great challenge in nanophotonics. In this work, dynamic color tuning and switching using tungsten trioxide (WO3), a representative electrochromic material, are demonstrated with reflection-type and transmission-type optical devices. Thin WO3 films incorporated in simple stacked configurations undergo dynamic color change by the adjustment of their dielectric constant through the electrochromic principle. A large resonance wavelength shift up to 107 nm under an electrochemical bias of 3.2 V could be achieved by the reflection-type device. For the transmission-type device, on/off switchable color pixels with improved purity are demonstrated of which transmittance is modulated by up to 4.04:1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Lee
- Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center and School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jeongse Yun
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Minjee Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sun-Je Kim
- Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center and School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jaehyun Oh
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Kunsan National University, Kunsan 54151, South Korea
| | - Chung Mu Kang
- Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Suwon 16229, South Korea
| | - Ho-Jung Sun
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Kunsan National University, Kunsan 54151, South Korea
| | - Taek Dong Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Suwon 16229, South Korea
| | - Byoungho Lee
- Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center and School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
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28
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Zheng R, Wang Y, Pan J, Malik HA, Zhang H, Jia C, Weng X, Xie J, Deng L. Toward Easy-to-Assemble, Large-Area Smart Windows: All-in-One Cross-Linked Electrochromic Material and Device. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:27526-27536. [PMID: 32423198 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c02337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Conventional electrochromic devices with a sandwich structure consist of multiple interfaces, which enhance electron trapping on the interfaces. Furthermore, crack generation in the electrochromic layer is inevitable due to repeated ion insertion and extraction during the service process. These problems increase the fabrication complexity and lead to poor performance and stability, which are severely limiting and prime concerns for the future development of the electrochromism field. Here, a strategy of synthesizing an all-in-one self-healing electrochromic material, TAFPy-MA, is presented, which has been utilized for the fabrication of a high-reliability, large-scale, and easy-assembly smart electrochromic window. The all-in-one self-healing electrochromic material can undergo in situ redox reactions with Li+ ions to reduce resistance transfer and avoid interface obstacles, and the reversible Diels-Alder cross-linking network structure can heal the cracks to improve the reliability of the electrochromic layer. High ion diffusivity (1.13 × 10-5 cm2 s-1), rapid color switching (3.9/3.7 s), high coloration efficiency (413 cm2 C-1), excellent stability (sustains 88.7% after 1000 cycles) and reliability (crack can be healed in 110 s), and large-scale smart windows (30 × 35 cm2) are achieved using the all-in-one electrochromic material, which exhibits fascinating and promising features for a wide range of applications in buildings, airplanes, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongzong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Haseeb Ashraf Malik
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Hongping Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Chunyang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Jianliang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Longjiang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
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29
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Oh H, Lee JK, Kim YM, Yun TY, Jeong U, Moon HC. User-Customized, Multicolor, Transparent Electrochemical Displays Based on Oxidatively Tuned Electrochromic Ion Gels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:45959-45968. [PMID: 31724389 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b15288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Transparent displays have emerged as a class of cutting-edge electronics. Here, we propose user-customized, design-it-yourself (DIY) transparent displays based on electrochromic (EC) ion gels including viologens. To achieve multiple colors and enhance the functionality of EC displays (ECDs), the incorporation of several EC chromophores is inevitable. However, the issue related to the discrepancy of coloration voltages is inherent due to the different electrochemical characteristics of each material, causing unbalance of the color contrast. To overcome this problem without significantly affecting the performance of ECDs, we suggest a simple but effective strategy by adjusting the oxidation activity of electrolyte-soluble anodic species (i.e., ferrocene (Fc) derivatives) by modifying pendant groups. We systematically investigated the effects of the employed Fc derivatives on the EC behaviors of ECDs in terms of the coloration voltage, maximum transmittance contrast, device dynamics, coloration efficiency, and operational stability. We determine the conditions for implementing red-green-blue (RGB) colors with comparable intensities at similar voltages. Last, we draw images using RGB EC inks for conceptual demonstration of the DIY transparent displays. The fabricated ECDs exhibit transparent bleached states and user-customized images in the colored states. Overall, this result implies that the extremely simple DIY ECDs, which do not require conventional lithography or printing, have great potential as future transparent displays that can be easily customized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan Oh
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Seoul , Seoul 02504 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyeong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Seoul , Seoul 02504 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Min Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Seoul , Seoul 02504 , Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Yong Yun
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Seoul , Seoul 02504 , Republic of Korea
| | - Unyong Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology , 77 Cheongam-Ro , Nam-gu, Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Chul Moon
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Seoul , Seoul 02504 , Republic of Korea
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30
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Karvounis A, Aspiotis N, Zeimpekis I, Ou J, Huang C, Hewak D, Zheludev NI. Mechanochromic Reconfigurable Metasurfaces. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1900974. [PMID: 31728279 PMCID: PMC6839638 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The change of optical properties that some usually natural compounds or polymeric materials show upon the application of external stress is named mechanochromism. Herein, an artificial nanomechanical metasurface formed by a subwavelength nanowire array made of molybdenum disulfide, molybdenum oxide, and silicon nitride changes color upon mechanical deformation. The aforementioned deformation induces reversible changes in the optical transmission (relative transmission change of 197% at 654 nm), thus demonstrating a giant mechanochromic effect. Moreover, these types of metasurfaces can exist in two nonvolatile states presenting a difference in optical transmission of 45% at 678 nm, when they are forced to bend rapidly. The wide optical tunability that photonic nanomechanical metasurfaces, such as the one presented here, possess by design, can provide a valuable platform for mechanochromic and bistable responses across the visible and near infrared regime and form a new family of smart materials with applications in reconfigurable, multifunctional photonic filters, switches, and stress sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artemios Karvounis
- Optoelectronics Research CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
- Optical Nanomaterial GroupInstitute for Quantum ElectronicsETH Zurich8093ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Nikolaos Aspiotis
- Optoelectronics Research CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Ioannis Zeimpekis
- Optoelectronics Research CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Jun‐Yu Ou
- Optoelectronics Research CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Chung‐Che Huang
- Optoelectronics Research CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Daniel Hewak
- Optoelectronics Research CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Nikolay I. Zheludev
- Optoelectronics Research CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies & The Photonics InstituteSchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore637371Singapore
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Complementary hybrid electrodes for high contrast electrochromic devices with fast response. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4874. [PMID: 31653835 PMCID: PMC6814761 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12617-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast switching ‘transparent-to-black’ electrochromic devices are currently under investigation as potential candidates in modern applications like e-papers or with additional functionality as ultracompact iris or switchable neutral filter in camera systems. However, recent electrochromic devices show either a lack of contrast or slow response times. To overcome these deficiencies we focus on a careful material composition of the colouring hybrid electrodes in our device. We have established a nanoporous Sb-doped SnO\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${}_{2}$$\end{document}2 electrode as supporting electrode for chemisorbed electrochromic tetraphenylbenzidine molecules due to its good conductivity in the redox potential range of the molecule. This hybrid electrode was combined with a modified nanoporous TiO\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${}_{2}$$\end{document}2 / viologen electrode to realize a high performance, complementary electrochromic device. Fast switching time constants of 0.5 s and concurrently high change in optical density \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\Delta$$\end{document}ΔOD = 2.04 at 605 nm confirm our successful concept. The achieved colouration efficiency of 440 cm\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${}^{2}$$\end{document}2 C\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${}^{-1}$$\end{document}−1 exceeds every high contrast device presented so far. Electrochromic devices have a range of applications as switchable shutters. Here the authors report a hybrid device that uses complementary electrochromic molecules immobilized on nanoporous electrodes to concurrently achieve fast colouration and bleaching with high contrast over a broad spectral range.
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Chen F, Zhu Y, Zhang Q, Yang R, Qin D, Xiong Z. Secret Paper with Vinegar as an Invisible Security Ink and Fire as a Decryption Key for Information Protection. Chemistry 2019; 25:10918-10925. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei‐Fei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 P.R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P.R. China
| | - Ying‐Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 P.R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P.R. China
| | - Qiang‐Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 P.R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P.R. China
| | - Ri‐Long Yang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 P.R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P.R. China
| | - Dong‐Dong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 P.R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P.R. China
| | - Zhi‐Chao Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 P.R. China
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Kim YM, Li X, Kim KW, Kim SH, Moon HC. Tetrathiafulvalene: effective organic anodic materials for WO 3-based electrochromic devices. RSC Adv 2019; 9:19450-19456. [PMID: 35519376 PMCID: PMC9065372 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02840d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Finding a new, effective anodic species is a challenge for achieving simpler low-voltage tungsten trioxide (WO3)-based electrochromic devices (ECDs). In this work, we utilize tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and demonstrate its reversible redox behaviors as an electrolyte-soluble anodic species. The concentration of TTF in the electrolyte is varied to optimize device performance. When the TTF concentration is low (0.01 M), a smaller maximum transmittance difference (ΔTmax ∼ 34.2%) and coloration efficiency (η ∼ 59.6 cm2 C−1) are measured. Although a better performance of ΔTmax ∼ 93.7% and η ∼ 74.5 cm2 C−1 is achieved at 0.05 M TTF, the colored state could no longer return to its original form. We conclude that 0.03 M of TTF is the appropriate concentration for high-performance WO3 ECDs with high optical contrast and reversible EC behaviors. The irreversible EC transition at high concentrations of TTF is attributed to the agglomeration of TTF molecules. Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) is employed as an effective electrolyte-soluble anodic species for achieving low-voltage tungsten trioxide (WO3)-based electrochromic devices (ECDs).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Min Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul Seoul 02504 Republic of Korea
| | - Xinlin Li
- College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Keon-Woo Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University Gyeongsan North Gyeongsang 38541 Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hyun Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University Gyeongsan North Gyeongsang 38541 Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Chul Moon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul Seoul 02504 Republic of Korea
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34
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Bunje H, Millstone JE, Nie G, Wee ATS, Weil T, Shmakov SN, Weiss PS. Announcing the 2019 ACS Nano Award Lecture Laureates. ACS NANO 2019; 13:4859-4861. [PMID: 31137181 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b03722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
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Greybush NJ, Charipar K, Geldmeier JA, Bauman SJ, Johns P, Naciri J, Charipar N, Park K, Vaia RA, Fontana J. Dynamic Plasmonic Pixels. ACS NANO 2019; 13:3875-3883. [PMID: 30794377 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Information display utilizing plasmonic color generation has recently emerged as an alternative paradigm to traditional printing and display technologies. However, many implementations so far have either presented static pixels with a single display state or rely on relatively slow switching mechanisms such as chemical transformations or liquid crystal transitions. Here, we demonstrate spatial, spectral, and temporal control of light using dynamic plasmonic pixels that function through the electric-field-induced alignment of plasmonic nanorods in organic suspensions. By tailoring the geometry and composition (Au and Au@Ag) of the nanorods, we illustrate light modulation across a significant portion of the visible and infrared spectrum (600-2400 nm). The fast (∼30 μs), reversible nanorod alignment is manifested as distinct color changes, characterized by shifts of observed chromaticity and luminance. Integration into larger device architectures is showcased by the fabrication of a seven-segment numerical indicator. The control of light on demand achieved in these dynamic plasmonic pixels establishes a favorable platform for engineering high-performance optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Greybush
- United States Naval Research Laboratory , 4555 Overlook Ave, SW , Washington , DC 20375 , United States
| | - Kristin Charipar
- United States Naval Research Laboratory , 4555 Overlook Ave, SW , Washington , DC 20375 , United States
| | - Jeffrey A Geldmeier
- United States Naval Research Laboratory , 4555 Overlook Ave, SW , Washington , DC 20375 , United States
| | - Stephen J Bauman
- University of Arkansas Fayetteville , 3189 Bell, 1 University of Arkansas, 800 West Dickson , Fayetteville , Arkansas 72701 , United States
| | - Paul Johns
- United States Naval Research Laboratory , 4555 Overlook Ave, SW , Washington , DC 20375 , United States
| | - Jawad Naciri
- United States Naval Research Laboratory , 4555 Overlook Ave, SW , Washington , DC 20375 , United States
| | - Nicholas Charipar
- United States Naval Research Laboratory , 4555 Overlook Ave, SW , Washington , DC 20375 , United States
| | - Kyoungweon Park
- Air Force Research Laboratory , AFRL 2941 Hobson Way , Wright-Patterson AFB , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Richard A Vaia
- Air Force Research Laboratory , AFRL 2941 Hobson Way , Wright-Patterson AFB , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Jake Fontana
- United States Naval Research Laboratory , 4555 Overlook Ave, SW , Washington , DC 20375 , United States
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Bon-Ryul K, Kim KH, Ahn HJ. Novel tunneled phosphorus-doped WO 3 films achieved using ignited red phosphorus for stable and fast switching electrochromic performances. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:3318-3325. [PMID: 30720820 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr08793h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous improvement of both the performance and stability of electrochromic devices (ECDs) to encourage their practical use in various applications, such as commercialized smart windows, electronic displays, and adjustable mirrors, by tuning the film structure and the electronic structure of transition metal oxides remains a challenging issue. In the present study, we developed novel tunneled phosphorus (P)-doped WO3 films via the ignition reaction of red P. The ignited red P, which can generate exothermic energy, was used as an attractive factor to create a tunneled structure and P-doping on the WO3 films. Therefore, by optimizing the effect of ignited red P on the WO3 films, tunneled P-doped WO3 films fabricated by using 1 wt% red P demonstrated a striking improvement of the EC performances, including both a fast switching speed (6.1 s for the colouration speed and 2.5 s for the bleaching speed) caused by the improvement of Li ion diffusion by the tunneled structure and electrical conductivity by P-doping WO3 and a superb colouration efficiency (CE, 55.9 cm2 C-1) as a result of increased electrochemical activity by the elaborate formation of the tunneled structure. Simultaneously, this film displayed a noticeable long-cycling stability due to a higher retention (91.5%) of transmittance modulation after 1000 electrochromic (EC) cycles as compared to bare WO3 films, which can mainly be attributed to the optimizing effect of the tunneled structure to generate an efficient charge transfer and an alleviated structural variation during the insertion-extraction of Li ions. Therefore, our results suggest a valuable and well-designed strategy to manufacture stable fast-switching EC materials that are fit for various practical applications of the ECDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koo Bon-Ryul
- Program of Materials Science & Engineering, Convergence Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Biomaterials, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea
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38
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Jarosz T, Gebka K, Stolarczyk A, Domagala W. Transparent to Black Electrochromism-The "Holy Grail" of Organic Optoelectronics. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E273. [PMID: 30960257 PMCID: PMC6419085 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the rapidly developing field of conjugated polymer science, the attribute of electrochromism these materials exhibit provides for a multitude of innovative application opportunities. Featuring low electric potential driven colour change, complemented by favourable mechanical and processing properties, an array of non-emissive electrochromic device (ECD) applications lays open ahead of them. Building up from the simplest two-colour cell, multielectrochromic arrangements are being devised, taking advantage of new electrochromic materials emerging at a fast pace. The ultimate device goal encompasses full control over the intensity and spectrum of passing light, including the two extremes of complete and null transmittance. With numerous electrochromic device architectures being explored and their operating parameters constantly ameliorated to pursue this target, a summary and overview of developments in the field is presented. Discussing the attributes of reported electrochromic systems, key research points and challenges are identified, providing an outlook for this exciting topic of polymer material science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Jarosz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 9 Strzody Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 6 Krzywoustego Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Karolina Gebka
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 9 Strzody Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Stolarczyk
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 9 Strzody Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Domagala
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 9 Strzody Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
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Jia H, Wu QJ, Jiang C, Wang H, Wang LQ, Jiang JZ, Zhang DX. High-transmission polarization-dependent active plasmonic color filters. APPLIED OPTICS 2019; 58:704-711. [PMID: 30694258 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.000704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic color filters, exhibiting great promise as an alternative for existing colorant-based filters, often only output one fixed color. Developing active color filters with controllable color output will lead to more compact color filter-based devices. In this paper, we present an approach to achieve active color filtering with a polarization-dependent plasmonic structural color filter, which comprises arrays of asymmetric cross-shaped nanoapertures in an ultrathin film of silver. A systematical study for aperture size, array period, and the thickness of silver film dependences of color filter properties is carried out, and strategies for polarization-dependent color filter designing are generated. A polarization-dependent and high tunability of color can be achieved by selecting the appropriate nanostructure parameters, which imply many potential applications.
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40
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Zhu CR, Xie JP, Mou HR, Huang ZJ, Tang Q, Gong CB, Fu XK. Dual-colored 4,4′,4′′,4′′′-(cyclobutane-1,2,3,4-tetrayl)-tetrabenzoate electrochromic materials with large optical contrast and coloration efficiency. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03352a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports novel ester-containing electrochromic materials, 4,4′,4′′,4′′′-(cyclobutane-1,2,3,4-tetrayl)tetrabenzoate derivatives, with dual-colored electrochromism, high color contrast and coloration efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-rong Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
| | - Jia-ping Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
| | - Hong-rong Mou
- The Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
| | - Zhen-jie Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
| | - Qian Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
| | - Cheng-bin Gong
- The Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
| | - Xiang-kai Fu
- The Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
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41
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Zhu C, Ji X, You D, Chen TL, Mu AU, Barker KP, Klivansky LM, Liu Y, Fang L. Extraordinary Redox Activities in Ladder-Type Conjugated Molecules Enabled by B ← N Coordination-Promoted Delocalization and Hyperconjugation. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:18173-18182. [PMID: 30507169 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of B ← N coordinate bond-isoelectronic to C-C single bond-into π-systems represents a promising strategy to impart exotic redox and electrochromic properties into conjugated organic molecules and macromolecules. To achieve both reductive and oxidative activities using this strategy, a cruciform ladder-type molecular constitution was designed to accommodate oxidation-active, reduction-active, and B ← N coordination units into a compact structure. Two such compounds (BN-F and BN-Ph) were synthesized via highly efficient N-directed borylation. These molecules demonstrated well-separated, two reductive and two oxidative electron-transfer processes, corresponding to five distinct yet stable oxidation states, including a rarely observed boron-containing radical cation. Spectroelectrochemical measurements revealed unique optical characteristics for each of these reduced/oxidized species, demonstrating multicolor electrochromism with excellent recyclability. Distinct color changes were observed between each redox state with clear isosbestic points on the absorption spectra. The underlying redox mechanism was elucidated by a combination of computational and experimental investigations. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis on the neutral state, the oxidized radical cation, and the reduced dianion of BN-Ph revealed structural transformations into two distinct quinonoid constitutions during the oxidation and reduction processes, respectively. B ← N coordination played an important role in rendering the robust and reversible multistage redox properties, by extending the charge and spin delocalization, by modulating the π-electron density, and by a newly established hyperconjugation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Teresa L Chen
- The Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | | | | | - Liana M Klivansky
- The Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Yi Liu
- The Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
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Gao Y, Huang C, Hao C, Sun S, Zhang L, Zhang C, Duan Z, Wang K, Jin Z, Zhang N, Kildishev AV, Qiu CW, Song Q, Xiao S. Lead Halide Perovskite Nanostructures for Dynamic Color Display. ACS NANO 2018; 12:8847-8854. [PMID: 30112908 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b02425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanoprint-based color display using either extrinsic structural colors or intrinsic emission colors is a rapidly emerging research field for high-density information storage. Nevertheless, advanced applications, e. g., dynamic full-color display and secure information encryption, call for demanding requirements on in situ color change, nonvacuum operation, prompt response, and favorable reusability. By transplanting the concept of electrical/chemical doping in the semiconductor industry, we demonstrate an in situ reversible color nanoprinting paradigm via photon doping, triggered by the interplay of structural colors and photon emission of lead halide perovskite gratings. It solves the aforementioned challenges at one go. By controlling the pumping light, the synergy between interlaced mechanisms enables color tuning over a large range with a transition time on the nanosecond scale in a nonvacuum environment. Our design presents a promising realization of in situ dynamic color nanoprinting and will empower the advances in structural color and classified nanoprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System , Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Can Huang
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System , Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Chenglong Hao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 3 , Singapore 117583 , Singapore
| | - Shang Sun
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System , Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 3 , Singapore 117583 , Singapore
| | - Chen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System , Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Zonghui Duan
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System , Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Kaiyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System , Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Zhongwei Jin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 3 , Singapore 117583 , Singapore
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System , Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Alexander V Kildishev
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 3 , Singapore 117583 , Singapore
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060 , China
| | - Qinghai Song
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System , Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics , Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006 , China
| | - Shumin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System , Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics , Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006 , China
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Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules are essentially graphene in the subnanometer limit, typically consisting of 50 or fewer atoms. With the addition or removal of a single electron, these molecules can support molecular plasmon (collective) resonances in the visible region of the spectrum. Here, we probe the plasmon dynamics in these quantum systems by measuring the excited-state lifetime of three negatively charged PAH molecules: anthanthrene, benzo[ghi]perylene, and perylene. In contrast to the molecules in their neutral state, these three systems exhibit far more rapid decay dynamics due to the deexcitation of multiple electron-hole pairs through molecular plasmon "dephasing" and vibrational relaxation. This study provides a look into the distinction between collective and single-electron excitation dynamics in the purely quantum limit and introduces a conceptual framework with which to visualize molecular plasmon decay.
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Sharma V, Puthumana U, Karak P, Koner AL. Visible-Light-Triggered Generation of Ultrastable Radical Anion from Nitro-substituted Perylenediimides. J Org Chem 2018; 83:11458-11462. [PMID: 30110539 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
An efficient method for visible-light-triggered generation of radicals from mono- and dinitro-substituted perylenediimide derivatives is developed. UV-vis-NIR and electron paramagnetic resonance measurements were carried out to confirm the formation of radicals. Most importantly, these radical anions were remarkably stable for several months. Subsequently, the reversible nature of anions was validated by both chemical and spectroelectrochemical methods for applications in electrochromic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Sharma
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal , Bhopal Bypass Road , Bhauri, Bhopal 462066 , Madhya Pradesh , India
| | - Unnikrishnan Puthumana
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal , Bhopal Bypass Road , Bhauri, Bhopal 462066 , Madhya Pradesh , India
| | - Pirudhan Karak
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal , Bhopal Bypass Road , Bhauri, Bhopal 462066 , Madhya Pradesh , India
| | - Apurba Lal Koner
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal , Bhopal Bypass Road , Bhauri, Bhopal 462066 , Madhya Pradesh , India
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Ko SH, Lee T, Park H, Ahn DS, Kim K, Kwon Y, Cho SJ, Ryoo R. Nanocage-Confined Synthesis of Fluorescent Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Zeolite. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:7101-7107. [PMID: 29697259 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b00900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) attract much attention for applications to organic light-emitting diodes, field-effect transistors, and photovoltaic cells. The current synthetic approaches to PAHs involve high-temperature flash pyrolysis or complicated step-by-step organic reactions, which lead to low yields of PAHs. Herein, we report a facile and scalable synthesis of PAHs, which is carried out simply by flowing acetylene gas into zeolite under mild heating, typically at 400 °C and generates the products of 0.30 g g-1 zeolite. PAHs are synthesized via acetylene polymerization inside Ca2+-ion-exchanged Linde type A (LTA) zeolite, of which the α-cage puts a limit on the product molecular size as a confined-space nanoreactor. The resultant product after the removal of the zeolite framework exhibits brilliant white fluorescence emission in N-methylpyrrolidone solution. The product is separated into four different color emitters (violet, blue, green, and orange) by column chromatography. Detailed characterizations of the products by means of various spectroscopic methods and mainly mass spectrometric analyses indicate that coronene (C24H12) is the main component of the blue emitter, while the green emitter is a mixture of planar and curved PAHs. The orange can be attributed to curved PAHs larger than ovalene, and the violet to smaller molecules than coronene. The PAH growth mechanism inside Ca2+-exchanged LTA zeolite is proposed on the basis of mass spectral analyses and density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hyeon Ko
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions , Institute for Basic Science , Daejeon 34141 , Korea
| | - Taekyoung Lee
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions , Institute for Basic Science , Daejeon 34141 , Korea.,Department of Chemistry , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34141 , Korea
| | - Hongjun Park
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions , Institute for Basic Science , Daejeon 34141 , Korea.,Department of Chemistry , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34141 , Korea
| | - Doo-Sik Ahn
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions , Institute for Basic Science , Daejeon 34141 , Korea
| | - Kyoungsoo Kim
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions , Institute for Basic Science , Daejeon 34141 , Korea
| | - Yonghyun Kwon
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions , Institute for Basic Science , Daejeon 34141 , Korea.,Department of Chemistry , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34141 , Korea
| | - Sung June Cho
- Clean Energy Technology Laboratory and Department of Chemical Engineering , Chonnam National University , Gwangju 61186 , Korea
| | - Ryong Ryoo
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions , Institute for Basic Science , Daejeon 34141 , Korea.,Department of Chemistry , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34141 , Korea
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Isapour G, Lattuada M. Bioinspired Stimuli-Responsive Color-Changing Systems. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1707069. [PMID: 29700857 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201707069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive colors are a unique characteristic of certain animals, evolved as either a method to hide from enemies and prey or to communicate their presence to rivals or mates. From a material science perspective, the solutions developed by Mother Nature to achieve these effects are a source of inspiration to scientists for decades. Here, an updated overview of the literature on bioinspired stimuli-responsive color-changing systems is provided. Starting from natural systems, which are the source of inspiration, a classification of the different solutions proposed is given, based on the stimuli used to trigger the color-changing effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golnaz Isapour
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Marco Lattuada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Mokkath JH. Nanoparticle heterodimers: The role of size and interparticle gap distance on the optical response. Chem Phys Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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48
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Wan Z, Zeng J, Li H, Liu P, Deng W. Multicolored, Low-Voltage-Driven, Flexible Organic Electrochromic Devices Based on Oligomers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1700886. [PMID: 29675832 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a series of organic conjugated oligomers containing 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) and aromatic groups are synthesized, which are as follows: 2,5-di(methyl benzoate)-3,4-ethylenedioxy-thiophene (1EDOT-2B-COOCH3 ), 5,5'-di(methyl benzoate)-2,2'-bi(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (2EDOT-2B-COOCH3 ), 5,5″-di(methyl benzoate)-2,2':5',2″-ter(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (3EDOT-2B-COOCH3 ), and 5,5″'-di(methyl benzoate)-2,2':5',2″: 5″,2″'-quater(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (4EDOT-2B-COOCH3 ). Using these oligomers as active materials, flexible organic electrochromic devices are fabricated. The device structure is indium tin oxide-PET plastic slide (ITO-PET)/active layer/conducting gel/ITO-PET, and the electrochromic properties of oligomers are investigated. These oligomers exhibit reversible color changes upon electrochemical doping and dedoping. The highest optical contrast is exhibited by 4EDOT-2B-COOCH3 , which is 75.2% at 700 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Research Institute of Materials Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jinming Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Research Institute of Materials Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Research Institute of Materials Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Research Institute of Materials Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Wenji Deng
- Department of Applied Physics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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49
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Shao L, Zhuo X, Wang J. Advanced Plasmonic Materials for Dynamic Color Display. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1704338. [PMID: 29125645 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic structures exhibit promising applications in high-resolution and durable color generation. Research on advanced hybrid plasmonic materials that allow dynamically reconfigurable color control has developed rapidly in recent years. Some of these results may give rise to practically applicable reflective displays in living colors with high performance and low power consumption. They will attract broad interest from display markets, compared with static plasmonic color printing, for example, in applications such as digital signage, full-color electronic paper, and electronic device screens. In this progress report, the most promising recent examples of utilizing advanced plasmonic materials for the realization of dynamic color display are highlighted and put into perspective. The performances, advantages, and disadvantages of different technologies are discussed, with emphasis placed on both the potential and possible limitations of various hybrid materials for dynamic plasmonic color display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shao
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhuo
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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50
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Wu JT, Liou GS. A novel panchromatic shutter based on an ambipolar electrochromic system without supporting electrolyte. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:2619-2622. [PMID: 29465737 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc00224j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two triphenylamine derivatives, N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,4-phenylenediamine TPPA and N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine TPB, were successfully prepared and combined with HV to fabricate the electrochromic device as a panchromatic shutter for the application of transparent display. The obtained electrochromic device exhibits exceptional novel electrochromic properties, including enhanced color contrast, switching time, and long-term stability. Furthermore, it is worth mentioning that the most important contribution of this ambipolar system approach is that no supporting electrolyte is added into the device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Tsu Wu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, 10607, Taipei, Taiwan.
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