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Carpenter BP, Talosig AR, Rose B, Di Palma G, Patterson JP. Understanding and controlling the nucleation and growth of metal-organic frameworks. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:6918-6937. [PMID: 37796101 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00312d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks offer a diverse landscape of building blocks to design high performance materials for implications in almost every major industry. With this diversity stems complex crystallization mechanisms with various pathways and intermediates. Crystallization studies have been key to the advancement of countless biological and synthetic systems, with MOFs being no exception. This review provides an overview of the current theories and fundamental chemistry used to decipher MOF crystallization. We then discuss how intrinsic and extrinsic synthetic parameters can be used as tools to modulate the crystallization pathway to produce MOF crystals with finely tuned physical and chemical properties. Experimental and computational methods are provided to guide the probing of MOF crystal formation on the molecular and bulk scale. Lastly, we summarize the recent major advances in the field and our outlook on the exciting future of MOF crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke P Carpenter
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA.
| | - A Rain Talosig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA.
| | - Ben Rose
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA.
| | - Giuseppe Di Palma
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA.
| | - Joseph P Patterson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA.
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2
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Ramach U, Lee J, Altmann F, Schussek M, Olgiati M, Dziadkowiec J, Mears LLE, Celebi AT, Lee DW, Valtiner M. Real-time visualisation of ion exchange in molecularly confined spaces where electric double layers overlap. Faraday Discuss 2023; 246:487-507. [PMID: 37436123 PMCID: PMC10568259 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00038a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Ion interactions with interfaces and transport in confined spaces, where electric double layers overlap, are essential in many areas, ranging from crevice corrosion to understanding and creating nano-fluidic devices at the sub 10 nm scale. Tracking the spatial and temporal evolution of ion exchange, as well as local surface potentials, in such extreme confinement situations is both experimentally and theoretically challenging. Here, we track in real-time the transport processes of ionic species (LiClO4) confined between a negatively charged mica surface and an electrochemically modulated gold surface using a high-speed in situ sensing Surface Forces Apparatus. With millisecond temporal and sub-micrometer spatial resolution we capture the force and distance equilibration of ions in the confinement of D ≈ 2-3 nm in an overlapping electric double layer (EDL) during ion exchange. Our data indicate that an equilibrated ion concentration front progresses with a velocity of 100-200 μm s-1 into a confined nano-slit. This is in the same order of magnitude and in agreement with continuum estimates from diffusive mass transport calculations. We also compare the ion structuring using high resolution imaging, molecular dynamics simulations, and calculations based on a continuum model for the EDL. With this data we can predict the amount of ion exchange, as well as the force between the two surfaces due to overlapping EDLs, and critically discuss experimental and theoretical limitations and possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Ramach
- Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, Vienna, Austria.
- CEST (Centre for Electrochemical Surface Technology), Viktor-Kaplan-Strasse 2, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Jinhoon Lee
- Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, South Korea.
| | - Florian Altmann
- Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Martin Schussek
- Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Matteo Olgiati
- Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, Vienna, Austria.
- CEST (Centre for Electrochemical Surface Technology), Viktor-Kaplan-Strasse 2, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Joanna Dziadkowiec
- NJORD Centre, Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo 0371, Norway
| | - Laura L E Mears
- Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Alper T Celebi
- Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Dong Woog Lee
- Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, South Korea.
| | - Markus Valtiner
- Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, Vienna, Austria.
- CEST (Centre for Electrochemical Surface Technology), Viktor-Kaplan-Strasse 2, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
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3
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Pavlenko A. Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5591. [PMID: 37629882 PMCID: PMC10456600 DOI: 10.3390/ma16165591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Currently, porous materials (PM) are actively used in many fields of science and technology, and the processes of heat and mass transfer in porous materials underlie a wide variety of industrial technologies [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoliy Pavlenko
- Department of Building Physics and Renewable Energy, Kielce University of Technology, Aleja Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego, 7, 25-314 Kielce, Poland
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4
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Yan X, Zhao Y, Cao G, Li X, Gao C, Liu L, Ahmed S, Altaf F, Tan H, Ma X, Xie Z, Zhang H. 2D Organic Materials: Status and Challenges. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2203889. [PMID: 36683257 PMCID: PMC9982583 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In the past few decades, 2D layer materials have gradually become a central focus in materials science owing to their uniquely layered structural qualities and good optoelectronic properties. However, in the development of 2D materials, several disadvantages, such as limited types of materials and the inability to synthesize large-scale materials, severely confine their application. Therefore, further exploration of new materials and preparation methods is necessary to meet technological developmental needs. Organic molecular materials have the advantage of being customizable. Therefore, if organic molecular and 2D materials are combined, the resulting 2D organic materials would have excellent optical and electrical properties. In addition, through this combination, the free design and large-scale synthesis of 2D materials can be realized in principle. Furthermore, 2D organic materials exhibit excellent properties and unique functionalities along with great potential for developing sensors, biomedicine, and electronics. In this review, 2D organic materials are divided into five categories. The preparation methods and material properties of each class of materials are also described in detail. Notably, to comprehensively understand each material's advantages, the latest research applications for each material are presented in detail and summarized. Finally, the future development and application prospects of 2D organic materials are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Key Laboratory of Brain‐Like Neuromorphic Devices and Systems of Hebei ProvinceCollege of Electronic and Information EngineeringHebei UniversityBaoding071002China
| | - Ying Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Key Laboratory of Brain‐Like Neuromorphic Devices and Systems of Hebei ProvinceCollege of Electronic and Information EngineeringHebei UniversityBaoding071002China
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Key Laboratory of Brain‐Like Neuromorphic Devices and Systems of Hebei ProvinceCollege of Electronic and Information EngineeringHebei UniversityBaoding071002China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Key Laboratory of Brain‐Like Neuromorphic Devices and Systems of Hebei ProvinceCollege of Electronic and Information EngineeringHebei UniversityBaoding071002China
| | - Chao Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Key Laboratory of Brain‐Like Neuromorphic Devices and Systems of Hebei ProvinceCollege of Electronic and Information EngineeringHebei UniversityBaoding071002China
| | - Luan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Key Laboratory of Brain‐Like Neuromorphic Devices and Systems of Hebei ProvinceCollege of Electronic and Information EngineeringHebei UniversityBaoding071002China
| | - Shakeel Ahmed
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and TechnologyInternational Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationInstitute of Microscale OptoelectronicsCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060P. R. China
| | - Faizah Altaf
- Department of ChemistryWomen University Bagh Azad KashmirBagh Azad KashmirBagh12500Pakistan
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology North AvenueAtlantaGA30332USA
| | - Hui Tan
- Department of RespiratoryShenzhen Children's HospitalShenzhen518036P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Ma
- Department of RespiratoryShenzhen Children's HospitalShenzhen518036P. R. China
| | - Zhongjian Xie
- Institute of PediatricsShenzhen Children's HospitalShenzhenGuangdong518038P. R. China
- Shenzhen International Institute for Biomedical ResearchShenzhenGuangdong518116China
| | - Han Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and TechnologyInternational Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationInstitute of Microscale OptoelectronicsCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060P. R. China
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5
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Jiang Y, E Y, Wei P, Wang J, Chen P, Wang L, Krenzel TF, Qian K, Tong X. Application of LTA zeolite-modified electrode for sensitive detection of retinoic acid in tap water. RSC Adv 2023; 13:3364-3370. [PMID: 36756425 PMCID: PMC9870042 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06011f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
An electrochemical method based on a Linde Type-A zeolite-modified glass carbon electrode (LTA/GCE) was introduced for the determination of retinoic acid (RA). LTA zeolite could be synthesized through a hydrothermal method and served as a commercial electrochemical sensor with high stability and sensitivity in electrochemical progress. The as-synthesized product was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Under optimal conditions, a detection limit of 0.8 μM was obtained for RA with a linear range of 0.8-20.1 μM. This electrochemical method for determining RA was simpler and cheaper than previously reported methods. Furthermore, the modified electrode could be applied to the detection of RA in tap water, achieving a linear range of 1.4-15.0 μM with a detection limit of 1.4 μM and good recovery. The modified electrode designed by this method provided good selectivity, stability, and reproducibility for RA determination and reliable application for the analysis of RA in environmental water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University Jinzhou Liaoning P. R. China
| | - Yifeng E
- College of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University Jinzhou Liaoning P. R. China
| | - Pengyan Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University Jinzhou Liaoning P. R. China
| | - Jia Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University Jinzhou Liaoning P. R. China
| | - Peng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangP. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of ScienceChangchun 130022P. R. China
| | - Thomas F. Krenzel
- Materials Engineering, Faculty Technology and Bionics, Rhine-Waal University of Applied SciencesKleve D-47533Germany
| | - Kun Qian
- College of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University Jinzhou Liaoning P. R. China
| | - Xiyuan Tong
- College of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University Jinzhou Liaoning P. R. China
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6
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A Review on the Effects of Organic Structure-Directing Agents on the Hydrothermal Synthesis and Physicochemical Properties of Zeolites. CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry4020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study on the synthesis of zeolites, including both the development of novel techniques of synthesis and the discovery of new zeolitic frameworks, has a background of several decades. In this context, the application of organic structure-directing agents (SDAs) is one of the key factors having an important role in the formation of porous zeolitic networks as well as the crystallization process of zeolites. There are various elements that are needed to be explored for elucidating the effects of organic SDAs on the final physicochemical properties of zeolites. Although SDAs were firstly used as pore generators in the synthesis of high-silica zeolites, further studies proved their multiple roles during the synthesis of zeolites, such as their influences on the crystallization evolution of zeolite, the size of the crystal and the chemical composition, which is beyond their porogen properties. The aim of this mini review is to present and briefly summarize these features as well as the advances in the synthesis of new SDAs during the last decades.
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Hao W, Zhang L, Ma J, Li R. Crystallization of zeolite Beta in the presence of an anionic surfactant AESA. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:14287-14296. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02110b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organic molecules are widely used as structure directing agents, mesopore generating agents or zeolite growth modifiers in the synthesis of various zeolites. However, the organic molecules used in zeolite synthesis...
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Lu K, Fan Y, Huang J, Wang J, Xu H, Jiang J, Ma Y, Wu P. "Open" Nonporous Nonasil Zeolite Structure for Selective Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20569-20573. [PMID: 34812621 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nonasil (NON-type framework) zeolite, having inner large cages but only 6-ring (R) apertures, is recognized as a nonporous material without practical application values as catalysts or adsorbents. A novel bottom-up structural construction strategy assisted with well-designed Gemini-type surfactant is proposed to "open" the non cages, constructing two novel NON-related structures with accessible and stable acid sites. The obtained derivant (named as ECNU-27) possessed hierarchical porosity with short-range ordered 8-R micropores and abundant intercrystal mesopores, serving as a promising catalyst for the 1-butene cracking to lower alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.,School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yaqi Fan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ju Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jilong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jingang Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yanhang Ma
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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9
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Liu Z, Chokkalingam A, Miyagi S, Yoshioka M, Ishikawa T, Yamada H, Ohara K, Tsunoji N, Naraki Y, Sano T, Okubo T, Wakihara T. Revealing scenarios of interzeolite conversion from FAU to AEI through the variation of starting materials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 24:4136-4146. [PMID: 34647941 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03751j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Interzeolite conversion, which refers to the synthesis of zeolites using a pre-made zeolite as the starting material, has enabled promising outcomes that could not be easily achieved by the conventional synthesis from a mixture of amorphous aluminum and silicon sources. Understanding the mechanism of interzeolite conversion is of particular interest to exploit this synthesis route for the preparation of tailor-made zeolites as well as the discovery of new structures. It has been assumed that the structural similarity between the starting zeolite and the target one is crucial to a successful interzeolite conversion. Nevertheless, an image as to how one type of zeolite evolves into another one remains unclear. In this work, a series of dealuminated FAU zeolites were created through acid leaching and employed as the starting zeolites in the synthesis of AEI zeolite under various conditions. This experimental design allowed us to create a comprehensive diagram of the interzeolite conversion from FAU to AEI as well as to figure out the key factors that enable this kinetically favourable crystallization pathway. Our results revealed different scenarios of the interzeolite conversion from FAU to AEI and pinpointed the importance of the structure of the starting FAU in determining the synthesis outcomes. A prior dealumination was proven effective to modify the structure of the initial FAU zeolite and consequently facilitate its conversion to the AEI zeolite. In addition, this strategy allowed us to directly transfer the knowledge obtained from the interzeolite conversion to a successful synthesis of the AEI zeolite from dealuminated amorphous aluminosilicate precursors. These results offer new insights to the design and fabrication of zeolites via the interzeolite conversion as well as to the understandings of the crystallization mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Liu
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan. .,Institute of Engineering Innovation, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Anand Chokkalingam
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Shoko Miyagi
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Masato Yoshioka
- Inorganic Materials Research Laboratory, Tosoh Corporation, 4560 Kaiseicho, Shunan, Yamaguchi 746-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoya Ishikawa
- Inorganic Materials Research Laboratory, Tosoh Corporation, 4560 Kaiseicho, Shunan, Yamaguchi 746-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamada
- SPring-8, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Koji Ohara
- SPring-8, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Nao Tsunoji
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Yusuke Naraki
- Inorganic Materials Research Laboratory, Tosoh Corporation, 4560 Kaiseicho, Shunan, Yamaguchi 746-8501, Japan
| | - Tsuneji Sano
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Okubo
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Toru Wakihara
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan. .,Institute of Engineering Innovation, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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10
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Ghanbari B, Kazemi Zangeneh F, Sastre G, Moeinian M, Marhabaie S, Taheri Rizi Z. Computational elucidation of the aging time effect on zeolite synthesis selectivity in the presence of water and diquaternary ammonium iodide. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:21240-21248. [PMID: 34542551 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01921j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An example of zeolite selectivity (MFI → MOR) driven by synthesis aging time has been studied. Using N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-N,N'-dipropyl-ethylenediammonium diiodide (TMDP) as an organic structure-directing agent (OSDA), the zeolite phases obtained at 2 h (MFI 97%), 8 h (MFI 84%, MOR 16%) and 24 h (MFI 43%, MOR 57%) have been characterized by powder X-ray diffraction. The results suggest that at intermediate aging time, namely 8 h and 24 h, the dominant phase (MFI) is displaced by MOR. Different techniques (FT-IR, Raman, 13C MAS NMR, TGA/DTG and HC microanalysis) have been employed to verify the OSDA integrity and occlusion inside the zeolite micropores as well as to quantify the water and OSDA loading. The 1H MAS NMR of the as-made occluded zeolite was compared with the spectra of TMDP and the recovered OSDA from the sample by extraction with water. The comparison indicated that TMDP was not structurally intact, indicating the chemical transformation of TMDP to imidazolinium homologues through the Hofmann degradation process. Furthermore, careful acidic breakdown of the aluminosilicate shell, covered on the zeolite samples by hydrofluoric acid, revealed that the remaining OSDA had been partially degraded to lower molecular weight ammonium salt, confirmed by 1H NMR and mass spectrometry measurements. A computational study was performed by using a force field based methodology, including accurate loading of water and OSDA in the zeolite (MFI and MOR) unit cells. The results show an important contribution of the presence of water. The samples with larger aging time (8 h and 24 h) incorporate less water and show partial TMDP degradation, whilst at the shortest aging time (2 h), there is a larger water content and TMDP remains intact. The larger accessible volume of MFI justifies that this is the dominant phase at short aging times (large water content) since it can accommodate a larger number of water molecules than MOR. The OSDA partial degradation also plays a role. At longer aging times the partial OSDA decomposition has been considered in the models by including TMDP + Imidaz, which is more stabilized by MOR, whilst at shorter aging times the only OSDA present, TMDP, is better stabilized by MFI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Ghanbari
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, PO Box 11155-3516, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - German Sastre
- Instituto de Tecnologia Quimica U.P.V.-C.S.I.C., Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, Avenida Los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Maryam Moeinian
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, PO Box 11155-3516, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sina Marhabaie
- Laboratoire des biomolécules, LBM, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Zahra Taheri Rizi
- Research Institute of Petroleum Industry, West Blvd. of Azadi Complex, Tehran 1485733111, Iran
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11
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Liu X, Liu C, Feng Z, Meng C. The Promoter Role of Amines in the Condensation of Silicic Acid: A First-Principles Investigation. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:22811-22819. [PMID: 34514252 PMCID: PMC8427787 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Though well-recognized, the molecular-level understanding of the multifunctional roles of amines in the condensation of polysilicic acids, which is one of the key processes in hydrothermal synthesis of zeolites, is still limited. Taking ethylamine as a prototype, we investigated the mechanism of polysilicic acid condensation in the existence of organic amines in aqueous solution with extensive first-principles-based calculations. Because of the high proton affinity, ethylamine exists as amine silicates and alters the subsequent condensation mechanisms from a 1-step lateral attack mechanism accompanied with simultaneous intermolecular proton transfer in neutral aqueous solution to a 2-step SN2-like mechanism. Specifically, the 5-coordinated Si species that were not observed on pathways of condensation in neutral solution are effectively stabilized by the ethylamine cations as intermediates, and the barriers for condensation of ortho-silicic acid are significantly reduced from 133 kJ/mol in neutral solution to 58 and 63 kJ/mol for formation of the 5-coordinated Si intermediate and proton transfer for water release, respectively. Similar variations of mechanisms and barriers for condensation were also observed in the formation of cyclic trimers as well as linear and cyclic tetramers of ortho-silicic acids. Based on these, it was proposed that apart from acting as structure-directing agents, pore fillers, and pH adjusters, organic amines can also function as promoters in the condensation of polysilicic acids.
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12
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Caro-Ortiz S, Zuidema E, Rigutto M, Dubbeldam D, Vlugt TJH. Competitive Adsorption of Xylenes at Chemical Equilibrium in Zeolites. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2021; 125:4155-4174. [PMID: 33841605 PMCID: PMC8025683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c09411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The separation of xylenes is one of the most important processes in the petrochemical industry. In this article, the competitive adsorption from a fluid-phase mixture of xylenes in zeolites is studied. Adsorption from both vapor and liquid phases is considered. Computations of adsorption of pure xylenes and a mixture of xylenes at chemical equilibrium in several zeolite types at 250 °C are performed by Monte Carlo simulations. It is observed that shape and size selectivity entropic effects are predominant for small one-dimensional systems. Entropic effects due to the efficient arrangement of xylenes become relevant for large one-dimensional systems. For zeolites with two intersecting channels, the selectivity is determined by a competition between enthalpic and entropic effects. Such effects are related to the orientation of the methyl groups of the xylenes. m-Xylene is preferentially adsorbed if xylenes fit tightly in the intersection of the channels. If the intersection is much larger than the adsorbed molecules, p-xylene is preferentially adsorbed. This study provides insight into how the zeolite topology can influence the competitive adsorption and selectivity of xylenes at reaction conditions. Different selectivities are observed when a vapor phase is adsorbed compared to the adsorption from a liquid phase. These insight have a direct impact on the design criteria for future applications of zeolites in the industry. MRE-type and AFI-type zeolites exclusively adsorb p-xylene and o-xylene from the mixture of xylenes in the liquid phase, respectively. These zeolite types show potential to be used as high-performing molecular sieves for xylene separation and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Caro-Ortiz
- Engineering
Thermodynamics, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical,
Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft
University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Zuidema
- Shell
Global Solutions International B.V., PO Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcello Rigutto
- Shell
Global Solutions International B.V., PO Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David Dubbeldam
- Van’t
Hoff Institute of Molecular Sciences, University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs J. H. Vlugt
- Engineering
Thermodynamics, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical,
Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft
University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
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13
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Xu L, Ma T, Shen Y, Wang Y, Han L, Chaikittisilp W, Yokoi T, Sun J, Wakihara T, Okubo T. Rational Manipulation of Stacking Arrangements in Three-Dimensional Zeolites Built from Two-Dimensional Zeolitic Nanosheets. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:19934-19939. [PMID: 32720429 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Unit-cell-thin zeolitic nanosheets have emerged as fascinating materials for catalysis and separation. The controllability of nanosheet stacking is extremely challenging in the chemistry of two-dimensional zeolitic materials. To date, the organization of zeolitic nanosheets in hydrothermal synthesis has been limited by the lack of tunable control over the guest-host interactions between organic structure-directing agents (OSDAs) and zeolitic nanosheets. A direct synthetic methodology is reported that enables systematic manipulation of the aluminosilicate MWW-type nanosheet stacking. Variable control of guest-host interactions is rationally achieved by synergistically altering the charge density of OSDAs and synthetic silica-to-alumina composition. These finely controlled interactions allow successful preparation of a series of three-dimensional (3D) zeolites, with MWW-layer stacking in wide ranges from variably disorder to fully ordered, leading to tunable catalytic activity in the cracking reaction. These results highlight unprecedented opportunities to modulate zeolitic nanosheets arrangement in 3D zeolites whose structure can be tailored for catalysis and separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Xu
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Tianqiong Ma
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yihan Shen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Lu Han
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Watcharop Chaikittisilp
- Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System, National Institute for Materials Sciences (NIMS), Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yokoi
- Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Junliang Sun
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Toru Wakihara
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Okubo
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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14
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Xu L, Ma T, Shen Y, Wang Y, Han L, Chaikittisilp W, Yokoi T, Sun J, Wakihara T, Okubo T. Rational Manipulation of Stacking Arrangements in Three‐Dimensional Zeolites Built from Two‐Dimensional Zeolitic Nanosheets. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Le Xu
- Department of Chemical System Engineering The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Tianqiong Ma
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Yihan Shen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Yong Wang
- Chemical Resources Laboratory Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Lu Han
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Watcharop Chaikittisilp
- Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System National Institute for Materials Sciences (NIMS) Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yokoi
- Chemical Resources Laboratory Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Junliang Sun
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Toru Wakihara
- Department of Chemical System Engineering The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Tatsuya Okubo
- Department of Chemical System Engineering The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
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15
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Zhang N, Wang F, Cai C, Sun Q, Zhang K, Li A, Weng J, Li Q. Noncovalent
modification of
self‐assembled
functionalized
COF
by
PNIPAM
and its properties of Pickering emulsion. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202000089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Shandong University of Technology Zibo China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Shandong University of Technology Zibo China
| | - Chang‐chen Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Shandong University of Technology Zibo China
| | - Qian Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Shandong University of Technology Zibo China
| | - Kai Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Shandong University of Technology Zibo China
| | - Ai‐xiang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Shandong University of Technology Zibo China
| | - Jun‐ying Weng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Shandong University of Technology Zibo China
| | - Qiu‐hong Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Shandong University of Technology Zibo China
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16
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Clayson IG, Hewitt D, Hutereau M, Pope T, Slater B. High Throughput Methods in the Synthesis, Characterization, and Optimization of Porous Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002780. [PMID: 32954550 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Porous materials are widely employed in a large range of applications, in particular, for storage, separation, and catalysis of fine chemicals. Synthesis, characterization, and pre- and post-synthetic computer simulations are mostly carried out in a piecemeal and ad hoc manner. Whilst high throughput approaches have been used for more than 30 years in the porous material fields, routine integration of experimental and computational processes is only now becoming more established. Herein, important developments are highlighted and emerging challenges for the community identified, including the need to work toward more integrated workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan G Clayson
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Daniel Hewitt
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Martin Hutereau
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Tom Pope
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ben Slater
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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17
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Opanasenko M, Shamzhy M, Wang Y, Yan W, Nachtigall P, Čejka J. Synthesis and Post‐Synthesis Transformation of Germanosilicate Zeolites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maksym Opanasenko
- Department of Physical & Macromolecular Chemistry Faculty of Science Charles University Hlavova 8 Prague 12843 Czech Republic
| | - Mariya Shamzhy
- Department of Physical & Macromolecular Chemistry Faculty of Science Charles University Hlavova 8 Prague 12843 Czech Republic
| | - Yunzheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis & Preparative Chemistry College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Wenfu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis & Preparative Chemistry College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Petr Nachtigall
- Department of Physical & Macromolecular Chemistry Faculty of Science Charles University Hlavova 8 Prague 12843 Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Čejka
- Department of Physical & Macromolecular Chemistry Faculty of Science Charles University Hlavova 8 Prague 12843 Czech Republic
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18
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Opanasenko M, Shamzhy M, Wang Y, Yan W, Nachtigall P, Čejka J. Synthesis and Post-Synthesis Transformation of Germanosilicate Zeolites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:19380-19389. [PMID: 32510709 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Zeolites are one of the most important heterogeneous catalysts, with a high number of large-scale industrial applications. While the synthesis of new zeolites remain rather limited, introduction of germanium has substantially increased our ability to not only direct the synthesis of zeolites but also to convert them into new materials post-synthetically. The smaller Ge-O-Ge angles (vs. Si-O-Si) and lability of the Ge-O bonds in aqueous solutions account for this behaviour. This Minireview discusses critical aspects of germanosilicate synthesis and their post-synthesis transformations to porous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksym Opanasenko
- Department of Physical & Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, Prague, 12843, Czech Republic
| | - Mariya Shamzhy
- Department of Physical & Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, Prague, 12843, Czech Republic
| | - Yunzheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis & Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Wenfu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis & Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Petr Nachtigall
- Department of Physical & Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, Prague, 12843, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Čejka
- Department of Physical & Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, Prague, 12843, Czech Republic
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19
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Shi C, Li L, Yang L, Li Y. Molecular simulations of host-guest interactions between zeolite framework STW and its organic structure-directing agents. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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Gao G, Zhang S, Wang L, Lin J, Qi H, Zhu J, Du L, Chu M. Developing Highly Tough, Heat-Resistant Blend Thermosets Based on Silicon-Containing Arylacetylene: A Material Genome Approach. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:27587-27597. [PMID: 32459954 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c06292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Silicon-containing arylacetylene (PSA) resins exhibit excellent heat resistance, yet their brittleness limits the applications. We proposed using acetylene-terminated polyimides (ATPI) as an additive to enhance the toughness of the PSA resins and maintain excellent heat resistance. A material genome approach (MGA) was first established for designing and screening the acetylene-terminated polyimides, and a polyimide named ATPI was filtered out by using this MGA. The ATPI was synthesized and blended with PSA resins to improve the toughness of the thermosets. Influences of the added ATPI contents and prepolymerization temperature on the properties were examined. The result shows that the blend resin can resist high temperature and bear excellent mechanical properties. The molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to understand the mechanism behind the improvement of toughness. The present work provides a method for the rapid design and screening of high-performance polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanru Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Songqi Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liquan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiaping Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Huimin Qi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Junli Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lei Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ming Chu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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21
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Potter ME, Armstrong LM, Carravetta M, Mezza TM, Raja R. Designing Multi-Dopant Species in Microporous Architectures to Probe Reaction Pathways in Solid-Acid Catalysis. Front Chem 2020; 8:171. [PMID: 32257997 PMCID: PMC7089933 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of two distinct dopants in a microporous zeotype framework can lead to the formation of isolated, or complementary catalytically active sites. Careful selection of dopants and framework topology can facilitate enhancements in catalysts efficiency in a range of reaction pathways, leading to the use of sustainable precursors (bioethanol) for plastic production. In this work we describe our unique synthetic design procedure for creating a multi-dopant solid-acid catalyst (MgSiAPO-34), designed to improve and contrast with the performance of SiAPO-34 (mono-dopant analog), for the dehydration of ethanol to ethylene. We employ a range of characterization techniques to explore the influence of magnesium substitution, with specific attention to the acidity of the framework. Through a combined catalysis, kinetic analysis and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study we explore the reaction pathway of the system, with emphasis on the improvements facilitated by the multi-dopant MgSiAPO-34 species. The experimental data supports the validation of the CFD results across a range of operating conditions; both of which supports our hypothesis that the presence of the multi-dopant solid acid centers enhances the catalytic performance. Furthermore, the development of a robust computational model, capable of exploring chemical catalytic flows within a reactor system, affords further avenues for enhancing reactor engineering and process optimisation, toward improved ethylene yields, under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Potter
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsay-Marie Armstrong
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Marina Carravetta
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas M Mezza
- UOP, A Honeywell Company, Des Plaines, IL, United States
| | - Robert Raja
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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22
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Di Iorio JR, Li S, Jones CB, Nimlos CT, Wang Y, Kunkes E, Vattipalli V, Prasad S, Moini A, Schneider WF, Gounder R. Cooperative and Competitive Occlusion of Organic and Inorganic Structure-Directing Agents within Chabazite Zeolites Influences Their Aluminum Arrangement. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:4807-4819. [PMID: 32053365 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We combine experiment and theory to investigate the cooperation or competition between organic and inorganic structure-directing agents (SDAs) for occupancy within microporous voids of chabazite (CHA) zeolites and to rationalize the effects of SDA siting on biasing the framework Al arrangement (Al-O(-Si-O)x-Al, x = 1-3) among CHA zeolites of essentially fixed composition (Si/Al = 15). CHA zeolites crystallized using mixtures of TMAda+ and Na+ contain one TMAda+ occluded per cage and Na+ co-occluded in an amount linearly proportional to the number of 6-MR paired Al sites, quantified by Co2+ titration. In contrast, CHA zeolites crystallized using mixtures of TMAda+ and K+ provide evidence that three K+ cations, on average, displace one TMAda+ from occupying a cage and contain predominantly 6-MR isolated Al sites. Moreover, CHA crystallizes from synthesis media containing more than 10-fold higher inorganic-to-organic ratios with K+ than with Na+ before competing crystalline phases form, providing a route to decrease the amount of organic SDA needed to crystallize high-silica CHA. Density functional theory calculations show that differences in the ionic radii of Na+ and K+ determine their preferences for siting in different CHA rings, which influences their energy to co-occlude with TMAda+ and stabilize different Al configurations. Monte Carlo models confirm that energy differences resulting from Na+ or K+ co-occlusion promote the formation of 6-MR and 8-MR paired Al arrangements, respectively. These results highlight opportunities to exploit using mixtures of organic and inorganic SDAs during zeolite crystallization in order to more efficiently use organic SDAs and influence framework Al arrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Di Iorio
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Sichi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 250 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Casey B Jones
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Claire T Nimlos
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yujia Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 250 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Eduard Kunkes
- BASF Corporation, 25 Middlesex-Essex Turnpike, Iselin, New Jersey 08830, United States
| | - Vivek Vattipalli
- BASF Corporation, 25 Middlesex-Essex Turnpike, Iselin, New Jersey 08830, United States
| | - Subramanian Prasad
- BASF Corporation, 25 Middlesex-Essex Turnpike, Iselin, New Jersey 08830, United States
| | - Ahmad Moini
- BASF Corporation, 25 Middlesex-Essex Turnpike, Iselin, New Jersey 08830, United States
| | - William F Schneider
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 250 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Rajamani Gounder
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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23
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Liu X, Liu C, Meng C. Oligomerization of Silicic Acids in Neutral Aqueous Solution: A First-Principles Investigation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20123037. [PMID: 31234409 PMCID: PMC6627465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Crystallite aluminosilicates are inorganic microporous materials with well-defined pore-size and pore-structures, and have important industrial applications, including gas adsorption and separation, catalysis, etc. Crystallite aluminosilicates are commonly synthesized via hydrothermal processes, where the oligomerization of silicic acids is crucial. The mechanisms for the oligomerization of poly-silicic acids in neutral aqueous solution were systematically investigated by extensive first-principles-based calculations. We showed that oligomerization of poly-silicic acid molecules proceeds through the lateral attacking and simultaneously proton transfer from the approaching molecule for the formation of a 5-coordinated Si species as the transition state, resulting in the ejection of a water molecule from the formed poly-silicic acid. The barriers for this mechanism are in general more plausible than the conventional direct attacking of poly-silicic acid with reaction barriers in the range of 150–160 kJ/mol. The formation of linear or branched poly-silicic acids by intermolecular oligomerization is only slightly more plausible than the formation of cyclic poly-silicic acids via intramolecular oligomerization according to the reaction barriers (124.2–133.0 vs. 130.6–144.9 kJ/mol). The potential contributions of oligomer structures, such as the length of the linear oligomers, ring distortions and neighboring linear branches, etc., to the oligomerization were also investigated but found negligible. According to the small differences among the reaction barriers, we proposed that kinetic selectivity of the poly-silicic acids condensation would be weak in neutral aqueous solution and the formation of zeolite-like structures would be thermodynamics driven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2, Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Cai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2, Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Changgong Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2, Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China.
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24
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Gao M, Li H, Yang M, Gao S, Wu P, Tian P, Xu S, Ye M, Liu Z. Direct quantification of surface barriers for mass transfer in nanoporous crystalline materials. Commun Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s42004-019-0144-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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25
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Li L, Slater B, Yan Y, Wang C, Li Y, Yu J. Necessity of Heteroatoms for Realizing Hypothetical Aluminophosphate Zeolites: A High-Throughput Computational Approach. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:1411-1415. [PMID: 30852904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aluminophosphate zeolites (AlPOs) have important applications in adsorption, separation, and catalysis. Millions of hypothetical zeolite structures have been predicted, but experimentally realizing them as AlPOs requires a priori knowledge on whether heteroatom incorporations are necessary to stabilize their frameworks. Previous computations focus on the energy difference before and after heteroatom incorporation, which are not applicable for high-throughput computations because of the combinatorial explosion of possible incorporation sites. Here, we establish a new model to estimate the probability of a hypothetical structure being a pure or a heteroatom-stabilized AlPO, which is based on the Mahalanobis distances between a hypothetical structure and its neighboring reference structures in distortion-energy plots. Our approach avoids numerous attempts at heteroatom incorporation and is therefore applicable for high-throughput structure evaluation. Using this model, we have predicted 17 050 hypothetical structures being realizable as pure AlPOs and 12 039 structures realizable only via heteroatom incorporation. This will provide important guidance toward the synthesis of new AlPOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - Ben Slater
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London WC1H 0AJ , United Kingdom
| | - Yan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - Chuanming Wang
- SINOPEC Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology , Shanghai 201208 , China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street , Changchun 130012 , China
- International Center of Future Science , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - Jihong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street , Changchun 130012 , China
- International Center of Future Science , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , China
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26
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Zhang P, Yang X, Hou X, Mi J, Yuan Z, Huang J, Stampfl C. Active sites and mechanism of the direct conversion of methane and carbon dioxide to acetic acid over the zinc-modified H-ZSM-5 zeolite. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy01749f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic activity of the conversion of CH4 and CO2 on zinc modified H-ZSM-5 is strongly dependent on the structure of the active sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- School of Physics
- The University of Sydney
- Sydney
- Australia
- Laboratory for Catalysis Engineering
| | - Xuejing Yang
- Institute for Advanced Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Xiuli Hou
- Institute for Advanced Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Jianli Mi
- Institute for Advanced Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Zhizhong Yuan
- Institute for Advanced Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Jun Huang
- Laboratory for Catalysis Engineering
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Sydney
- Australia
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27
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Wu J, Lou L, Liu H, Su T, Wang Z, Li J. Ionothermal synthesis of a photoelectroactive titanophosphite with a three-dimensional open-framework. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce01007f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new titanophosphite open-framework exhibits photovoltaic properties and photocatalytic activity as an n-type semiconductor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbiao Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Northeastern University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
| | - Luqi Lou
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Northeastern University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
| | - Hang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Tan Su
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130021
- P. R. China
| | - Zhuopeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Northeastern University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
| | - Jiyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
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Wang N, Sun Q, Yu J. Ultrasmall Metal Nanoparticles Confined within Crystalline Nanoporous Materials: A Fascinating Class of Nanocatalysts. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1803966. [PMID: 30276888 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Crystalline nanoporous materials with uniform porous structures, such as zeolites and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), have proven to be ideal supports to encapsulate ultrasmall metal nanoparticles (MNPs) inside their void nanospaces to generate high-efficiency nanocatalysts. The nanopore-encaged metal catalysts exhibit superior catalytic performance as well as high stability and catalytic shape selectivity endowed by the nanoporous matrix. In addition, the synergistic effect of confined MNPs and nanoporous frameworks with active sites can further promote the catalytic activities of the composite catalysts. Herein, recent progress in nanopore-encaged metal nanocatalysts is reviewed, with a special focus on advances in synthetic strategies for ultrasmall MNPs (<5 nm), clusters, and even single atoms confined within zeolites and MOFs for various heterogeneous catalytic reactions. In addition, some advanced characterization methods to elucidate the atomic-scale structures of the nanocatalysts are presented, and the current limitations of and future opportunities for these fantastic nanocatalysts are also highlighted and discussed. The aim is to provide some guidance for the rational synthesis of nanopore-encaged metal catalysts and to inspire their further applications to meet the emerging demands in catalytic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Qiming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jihong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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Liu Z, Zhu J, Peng C, Wakihara T, Okubo T. Continuous flow synthesis of ordered porous materials: from zeolites to metal–organic frameworks and mesoporous silica. REACT CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9re00142e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Herein we review the concepts, challenges and recent developments on the continuous flow synthesis of ordered porous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Liu
- Department of Chemical System Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo
- Japan
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Chemical System Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo
- Japan
| | - Ce Peng
- Department of Chemical System Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo
- Japan
| | - Toru Wakihara
- Department of Chemical System Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo
- Japan
| | - Tatsuya Okubo
- Department of Chemical System Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo
- Japan
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Wang H, Zeng Z, Xu P, Li L, Zeng G, Xiao R, Tang Z, Huang D, Tang L, Lai C, Jiang D, Liu Y, Yi H, Qin L, Ye S, Ren X, Tang W. Recent progress in covalent organic framework thin films: fabrications, applications and perspectives. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 48:488-516. [PMID: 30565610 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00376a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As a newly emerging class of porous materials, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have attracted much attention due to their intriguing structural merits (e.g., total organic backbone, tunable porosity and predictable structure). However, the insoluble and unprocessable features of bulk COF powder limit their applications. To overcome these limitations, considerable efforts have been devoted to exploring the fabrication of COF thin films with controllable architectures, which open the door for their novel applications. In this critical review, we aim to provide the recent advances in the fabrication of COF thin films not only supported on substrates but also as free-standing nanosheets via both bottom-up and top-down strategies. The bottom-up strategy involves solvothermal synthesis, interfacial polymerization, room temperature vapor-assisted conversion, and synthesis under continuous flow conditions; whereas, the top-down strategy involves solvent-assisted exfoliation, self-exfoliation, mechanical delamination, and chemical exfoliation. In addition, the applications of COF thin films including energy storage, semiconductor devices, membrane-separation, sensors, and drug delivery are summarized. Finally, to accelerate further research, a personal perspective covering their synthetic strategies, mechanisms and applications is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Zhuotong Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, P. R. China.
| | - Piao Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Lianshan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellent in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Rong Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, P. R. China.
| | - Zhiyong Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellent in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Danlian Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Lin Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Cui Lai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Danni Jiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Huan Yi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Lei Qin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Shujing Ye
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoya Ren
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Wangwang Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
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