1
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Liu J, He J, Wu W. Molecular Symmetry of Small-Molecule Passivating Agents Improves Crystal Quality of Perovskite Solar Cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301458. [PMID: 38229521 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Direct interaction with the defect sites of perovskite, functional groups have become the focal point of attention as passivating agents. However, the molecular parent nucleus determines the overall physical properties of the molecule, including the push-pull electronic characteristics of the functional groups, which poses significant challenges in terms of selectivity. Here, we discovered that the binary acid structure based on thiophene as the parent nucleus, due to changes in molecular symmetry, caused significant changes in the molecular dipole moment, resulting in significant changes in the passivation effects on under-coordinated Pb2+ in perovskite solar cells. For the axially symmetric thiophen-2,5-dicarboxylic acid (TPDC), the high dipole moment formed a concentrated surface negative potential on the carboxyl group, showing significant superiority over the centrally symmetric thieno[3,2-b] thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid (TTDC) in forming high-quality perovskite crystals, suppressing charge recombination, enhancing effective charge transport, and raising internal electric fields. The power conversion efficiencies of the fully printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells based on TPDC and TTDC were 17.15 % and 14.79 %, respectively, exhibiting important research value in the field of small molecule passivation mechanism research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals Shanghai Key, Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China, University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jingwen He
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals Shanghai Key, Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China, University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wenjun Wu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals Shanghai Key, Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China, University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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2
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Artuk K, Turkay D, Mensi MD, Steele JA, Jacobs DA, Othman M, Yu Chin X, Moon SJ, Tiwari AN, Hessler-Wyser A, Jeangros Q, Ballif C, Wolff CM. A Universal Perovskite/C60 Interface Modification via Atomic Layer Deposited Aluminum Oxide for Perovskite Solar Cells and Perovskite-Silicon Tandems. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311745. [PMID: 38300183 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The primary performance limitation in inverted perovskite-based solar cells is the interface between the fullerene-based electron transport layers and the perovskite. Atomic layer deposited thin aluminum oxide (AlOX) interlayers that reduce nonradiative recombination at the perovskite/C60 interface are developed, resulting in >60 millivolts improvement in open-circuit voltage and 1% absolute improvement in power conversion efficiency. Surface-sensitive characterizations indicate the presence of a thin, conformally deposited AlOx layer, functioning as a passivating contact. These interlayers work universally using different lead-halide-based absorbers with different compositions where the 1.55 electron volts bandgap single junction devices reach >23% power conversion efficiency. A reduction of metallic Pb0 is found and the compact layer prevents in- and egress of volatile species, synergistically improving the stability. AlOX-modified wide-bandgap perovskite absorbers as a top cell in a monolithic perovskite-silicon tandem enable a certified power conversion efficiency of 29.9% and open-circuit voltages above 1.92 volts for 1.17 square centimeters device area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerem Artuk
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Electrical and Microengineering (IEM), Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics Laboratory (PV-Lab), Rue de la Maladière 71b, Neuchâtel, 2002, Switzerland
| | - Deniz Turkay
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Electrical and Microengineering (IEM), Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics Laboratory (PV-Lab), Rue de la Maladière 71b, Neuchâtel, 2002, Switzerland
| | - Mounir D Mensi
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL-VS), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC-XRDSAP), Rue de L'Industrie 17, Sion, 1951, Switzerland
| | - Julian A Steele
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel A Jacobs
- Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique (CSEM), Rue Jaquet-Droz 1, Neuchâtel, 2002, Switzerland
| | - Mostafa Othman
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Electrical and Microengineering (IEM), Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics Laboratory (PV-Lab), Rue de la Maladière 71b, Neuchâtel, 2002, Switzerland
| | - Xin Yu Chin
- Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique (CSEM), Rue Jaquet-Droz 1, Neuchâtel, 2002, Switzerland
| | - Soo-Jin Moon
- Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique (CSEM), Rue Jaquet-Droz 1, Neuchâtel, 2002, Switzerland
| | - Ayodhya N Tiwari
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 129, Duebendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Aïcha Hessler-Wyser
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Electrical and Microengineering (IEM), Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics Laboratory (PV-Lab), Rue de la Maladière 71b, Neuchâtel, 2002, Switzerland
| | - Quentin Jeangros
- Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique (CSEM), Rue Jaquet-Droz 1, Neuchâtel, 2002, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Ballif
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Electrical and Microengineering (IEM), Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics Laboratory (PV-Lab), Rue de la Maladière 71b, Neuchâtel, 2002, Switzerland
- Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique (CSEM), Rue Jaquet-Droz 1, Neuchâtel, 2002, Switzerland
| | - Christian M Wolff
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Electrical and Microengineering (IEM), Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics Laboratory (PV-Lab), Rue de la Maladière 71b, Neuchâtel, 2002, Switzerland
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3
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Wu DT, Zhu WX, Dong Y, Daboczi M, Ham G, Hsieh HJ, Huang CJ, Xu W, Henderson C, Kim JS, Eslava S, Cha H, Macdonald TJ, Lin CT. Enhancing the Efficiency and Stability of Tin-Lead Perovskite Solar Cells via Sodium Hydroxide Dedoping of PEDOT:PSS. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2400302. [PMID: 38634222 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Tin-lead (Sn-Pb) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained interest as candidates for the bottom cell of all-perovskite tandem solar cells due to their broad absorption of the solar spectrum. A notable challenge arises from the prevalent use of the hole transport layer, PEDOT:PSS, known for its inherently high doping level. This high doping level can lead to interfacial recombination, imposing a significant limitation on efficiency. Herein, NaOH is used to dedope PEDOT:PSS, with the aim of enhancing the efficiency of Sn-Pb PSCs. Secondary ion mass spectrometer profiles indicate that sodium ions diffuse into the perovskite layer, improving its crystallinity and enlarging its grains. Comprehensive evaluations, including photoluminescence and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, confirm that dedoping significantly reduces interfacial recombination, resulting in an open-circuit voltage as high as 0.90 V. Additionally, dedoping PEDOT:PSS leads to increased shunt resistance and high fill factor up to 0.81. As a result of these improvements, the power conversion efficiency is enhanced from 19.7% to 22.6%. Utilizing NaOH to dedope PEDOT:PSS also transitions its nature from acidic to basic, enhancing stability and exhibiting less than a 7% power conversion efficiency loss after 1176 h of storage in N2 atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Tai Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 402-27, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Xian Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 402-27, Taiwan
| | - Yueyao Dong
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Matyas Daboczi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Gayoung Ham
- Department of Energy Convergence and Climate Change, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hsing-Jung Hsieh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 402-27, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Jing Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 402-27, Taiwan
| | - Weidong Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Charlie Henderson
- Department of Physics and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ji-Seon Kim
- Department of Physics and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Salvador Eslava
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Hyojung Cha
- Department of Energy Convergence and Climate Change, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
- Department of Hydrogen and Renewable Energy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Thomas J Macdonald
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Chieh-Ting Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 402-27, Taiwan
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
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4
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Puerto Galvis CE, González Ruiz DA, Martínez-Ferrero E, Palomares E. Challenges in the design and synthesis of self-assembling molecules as selective contacts in perovskite solar cells. Chem Sci 2024; 15:1534-1556. [PMID: 38303950 PMCID: PMC10829004 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04668k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Self-assembling molecules (SAMs), as selective contacts, play an important role in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), determining the performance and stability of these photovoltaic devices. These materials offer many advantages over other traditional materials used as hole-selective contacts, as they can be easily deposited on a large area of metal oxides, can modify the work function of these substrates, and reduce optical and electric losses with low material consumption. However, the most interesting thing about SAMs is that by modifying the chemical structure of the small molecules used, the energy levels, molecular dipoles, and surface properties of this assembled monolayer can be modulated to fine-tune the desired interactions between the substrate and the active layer. Due to the important role of organic chemistry in the field of photovoltaics, in this review, we will cover the current challenges for the design and synthesis of SAMs PSCs. Discussing, the structural features that define a SAM, (ii) disclosing how commercial molecules inspired the synthesis of new SAMs; and (iii) detailing the pros- and cons- of the reported synthetic protocols that have been employed for the synthesis of molecules for SAMs, helping synthetic chemists to develop novel structures and promoting the fast industrialization of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E Puerto Galvis
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Avda. Països Catalans, 16 Tarragona Spain
| | - Dora A González Ruiz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Avda. Països Catalans, 16 Tarragona Spain
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica., Universitat Rovira i Virgili Avda. Països Catalans, 26 Tarragona Spain
| | | | - Emilio Palomares
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Avda. Països Catalans, 16 Tarragona Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) Passeig Lluïs Companys, 23 Barcelona Spain
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5
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Yu B, Xu Z, Liu H, Liu Y, Ye K, Ke Z, Zhang J, Yu H. Improved Air Stability for High-Performance FACsPbI 3 Perovskite Solar Cells via Bonding Engineering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:2408-2416. [PMID: 38166358 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Despite the fact that perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are widely popular due to their superb power conversion efficiency (PCE), their further applications are still restricted by low stability and high-density defects. Especially, the weak binding and ion-electron properties of perovskite crystals make them susceptible to moisture attack under environmental stress. Herein, we report an overall sulfidation strategy via introduction of 1-pentanethiol (PT) into the perovskite film to inhibit bulk defects and stabilize Pb ions. It has been confirmed that the thiol groups in PT can stabilize uncoordinated Pb ions and passivate iodine vacancy defects by forming strong Pb-S bonds, thus reducing nonradiative recombination. Moreover, the favorable passivation process also optimizes the energy-level arrangement, induces better perovskite crystallization, and enhances the charge extraction in the full solar cells. Consequently, the PT-modified inverted device delivers a champion PCE of 22.46%, which is superior to that of the control device (20.21%). More importantly, the PT-modified device retains 91.5% of its initial PCE after storage in air for 1600 h and over 85% of its initial PCE after heating at 85 °C for 800 h. This work provides a new perspective to simultaneously improve the performance and stability of PSCs to satisfy their commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Hualin Liu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Yumeng Liu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Kanghua Ye
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Zhiquan Ke
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Jiankai Zhang
- International School of Microelectronics, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Huangzhong Yu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
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6
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Vaas S, Zimmermann MO, Schollmeyer D, Stahlecker J, Engelhardt MU, Rheinganz J, Drotleff B, Olfert M, Lämmerhofer M, Kramer M, Stehle T, Boeckler FM. Principles and Applications of CF 2X Moieties as Unconventional Halogen Bond Donors in Medicinal Chemistry, Chemical Biology, and Drug Discovery. J Med Chem 2023; 66:10202-10225. [PMID: 37487500 PMCID: PMC10424184 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
As an orthogonal principle to the established (hetero)aryl halides, we herein highlight the usefulness of CF2X (X = Cl, Br, or I) moieties. Using tool compounds bearing CF2X moieties, we study their chemical/metabolic stability and their logP/solubility, as well as the role of XB in their small molecular crystal structures. Employing QM techniques, we analyze the observed interactions, provide insights into the conformational flexibilities and preferences in the potential interaction space. For their application in molecular design, we characterize their XB donor capacities and its interaction strength dependent on geometric parameters. Implementation of CF2X acetamides into our HEFLibs and biophysical evaluation (STD-NMR/ITC), followed by X-ray analysis, reveals a highly interesting binding mode for fragment 23 in JNK3, featuring an XB of CF2Br toward the P-loop, as well as chalcogen bonds. We suggest that underexplored chemical space combined with unconventional binding modes provides excellent opportunities for patentable chemotypes for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Vaas
- Laboratory
for Molecular Design & Pharmaceutical Biophysics, Institute of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus O. Zimmermann
- Laboratory
for Molecular Design & Pharmaceutical Biophysics, Institute of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Department
of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität
Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jason Stahlecker
- Laboratory
for Molecular Design & Pharmaceutical Biophysics, Institute of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marc U. Engelhardt
- Laboratory
for Molecular Design & Pharmaceutical Biophysics, Institute of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Janosch Rheinganz
- Laboratory
for Molecular Design & Pharmaceutical Biophysics, Institute of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Drotleff
- Pharmaceutical
(Bio)Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of
Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls
Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Olfert
- Pharmaceutical
(Bio)Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of
Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls
Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Lämmerhofer
- Pharmaceutical
(Bio)Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of
Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls
Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Kramer
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität
Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thilo Stehle
- Interfaculty
Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frank M. Boeckler
- Laboratory
for Molecular Design & Pharmaceutical Biophysics, Institute of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute
for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics (IBMI), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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7
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Abate A. Stable Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2023; 8:1896-1899. [PMID: 37090171 PMCID: PMC10111406 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.3c00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The developments in halide perovskite research target the next era of semiconductors. Photovoltaic solar cells are only one of the technologies that could be exploiting the potential of perovskites soon. Stability and toxicity are two critical aspects of photovoltaic applications because of the long-lasting lifetime and large volumes of the targeted technologies, such as multijunction solar cells with high power conversion efficiency. In this Perspective piece, I discuss how stability and toxicity can be addressed now, incentivizing the research toward lead-free and low-lead formulations. Recent works demonstrated that tin is a possible way out of the toxicity and stability issues of current perovskite formulations. I give speculative directions for stable tin-based perovskite solar cells.
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8
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Brown PE, Ruseckas A, Jagadamma LK, Blaszczyk O, Harwell JR, Mica N, Zysman-Colman E, Samuel IDW. Distinguishing Electron Diffusion and Extraction in Methylammonium Lead Iodide. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:3007-3013. [PMID: 36943191 PMCID: PMC10068735 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Charge diffusion and extraction are crucial steps in the operation of solar cells. Here we show that time-resolved photoluminescence can be used to study electron diffusion in hybrid perovskite films and subsequent transfer to the adjacent electron extraction layer. As diffusion and transfer to the extraction layer are consecutive processes, they can be hard to distinguish, but by exciting from each side of the sample we can separate them and identify which process limits charge extraction. We find that the introduction of a fullerene monolayer between the methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) and the electron-transporting SnO2 layers greatly increases the electron transfer velocity between them to the extent that electron diffusion limits the rate of electron extraction. Our results suggest that increasing the electron diffusion coefficient in MAPbI3 would further enhance the electron extraction rate, which could result in more efficient n-i-p type solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. E. Brown
- Organic
Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
- Organic
Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United
Kingdom
| | - A. Ruseckas
- Organic
Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - L. K. Jagadamma
- Organic
Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - O. Blaszczyk
- Organic
Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - J. R. Harwell
- Organic
Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - N. Mica
- Organic
Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - E. Zysman-Colman
- Organic
Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United
Kingdom
| | - I. D. W. Samuel
- Organic
Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
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9
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Hu S, Pascual J, Liu W, Funasaki T, Truong MA, Hira S, Hashimoto R, Morishita T, Nakano K, Tajima K, Murdey R, Nakamura T, Wakamiya A. A Universal Surface Treatment for p-i-n Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:56290-56297. [PMID: 36475579 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite interfaces critically influence the final performance of the photovoltaic devices. Optimizing them by reducing the defect densities or improving the contact with the charge transporting material is key to further enhance the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells. Inverted (p-i-n) devices can particularly benefit here, as evident from various successful attempts. However, every reported strategy is adapted to specific cell structures and compositions, affecting their robustness and applicability by other researchers. In this work, we present the universality of perovskite top surface post-treatment with ethylenediammonium diiodide (EDAI2) for p-i-n devices. To prove it, we compare devices bearing perovskite films of different composition, i.e., Sn-, Pb-, and mixed Sn-Pb-based devices, achieving efficiencies of up to 11.4, 22.0, and 22.9%, respectively. A careful optimization of the EDAI2 thickness indicates a different tolerance for Pb- and Sn-based devices. The main benefit of this treatment is evident in the open-circuit voltage, with enhancements of up to 200 mV for some compositions. In addition, we prove that this treatment can be successfully applied by both wet (spin-coating) and dry (thermal evaporation) methods, regardless of the composition. The versatility of this treatment makes it highly appealing for industrial application, as it can be easily adapted to specific processing requirements. We present a detailed experimental protocol, aiming to provide the community with an easy, universal perovskite post-treatment method for reliably improving the device efficiency, highlighting the potential of interfaces for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaifeng Hu
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Jorge Pascual
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Wentao Liu
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Funasaki
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Minh Anh Truong
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shota Hira
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Ruito Hashimoto
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Taro Morishita
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kyohei Nakano
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tajima
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Richard Murdey
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tomoya Nakamura
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Atsushi Wakamiya
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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10
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Ni M, Qi L. Orotic Acid as a Bifunctional Additive for Regulating Crystallization and Passivating Defects toward High-Performance Formamidinium-Cesium Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:53808-53818. [PMID: 36414242 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Formamidinium-cesium (FA-Cs) perovskites are an attractive candidate for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with high stability, but they tend to suffer from high intrinsic defect density, especially at grain boundaries. Herein, a common heterocyclic conjugated molecule, orotic acid (ORO), was employed as a novel bifunctional additive to simultaneously achieve crystallization regulation and defect passivation of an FA-Cs perovskite toward efficient and stable PSCs. ORO was introduced to an FA-Cs perovskite precursor solution as an effective coordination-induced crystallization regulator to improve the grain size and crystallinity. Furthermore, under the assistance of π electrons, its carboxyl group bonded with undercoordinated Pb2+ defects at grain boundaries, and it was also able to form hydrogen bonds with undercoordinated I- defects, thus significantly reducing defect density. The average power conversion efficiency of the produced PSC devices with the ORO additive was promoted from 17.81% for the control PSCs to 19.32%, and a champion efficiency of 20.62% with negligible hysteresis was achieved. Additionally, the optimized devices exhibited high resistance to moisture incursion, leading to decent environmental stability. This work provides a convenient yet efficient approach to improve crystallization and passivate defects toward PSCs with enhanced efficiency and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshuang Ni
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Limin Qi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
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11
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Recent progress of rare earth conversion material in perovskite solar cells: A mini review. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Zhang Z, Kamarudin MA, Baranwal AK, Wang L, Kapil G, Sahamir SR, Sanehira Y, Chen M, Shen Q, Hayase S. Indent-Free Vapor-Assisted Surface Passivation Strategy toward Tin Halide Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:36200-36208. [PMID: 35881921 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sn halide perovskite solar cells (PKSCs) are the most promising competitors to conventional lead PKSCs. Nevertheless, defects at the surfaces and grain boundaries hinder the improvement of the PKSCs' performance. Liquid surface passivation on the perovskite layer is commonly used to decrease these defects. In the case of tin perovskite solar cells, the liquid passivation improved the open-circuit voltage (Voc). However, this decreased the short-circuit current density (Jsc). We found that this Jsc loss is brought about by the thickness loss after the liquid passivation because tin perovskite layers are partially soluble in common solvents, and the calculated impact pressure was up to 155.4 kPa. Here, we introduce new vapor passivation including solvent and passivation molecules and report efficiency enhancement without decreasing Jsc. The vapor-passivated film showed longer time-resolved photoluminescence decay, smoother morphology, and lower defect densities. Most importantly, the vapor passivation method significantly enhanced the efficiency from 9.41 to 11.29% with Jsc increasing from 22.82 to 24.05 mA·cm-2. On the contrary, the corresponding liquid passivation method gave an efficiency of 10.90% with a decreased Jsc from 22.82 to 22.38 mA·cm-2. A commonly used and simple indent-free surface passivation strategy is proposed to enhance the efficiency and stability of PKSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, University of Electro-Communication, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Muhammad Akmal Kamarudin
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, University of Electro-Communication, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Ajay Kumar Baranwal
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, University of Electro-Communication, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Liang Wang
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, University of Electro-Communication, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Gaurav Kapil
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, University of Electro-Communication, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Shahrir Razey Sahamir
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, University of Electro-Communication, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sanehira
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, University of Electro-Communication, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Mengmeng Chen
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, University of Electro-Communication, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Qing Shen
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, University of Electro-Communication, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Shuzi Hayase
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, University of Electro-Communication, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
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Fu F, Li J, Yang TCJ, Liang H, Faes A, Jeangros Q, Ballif C, Hou Y. Monolithic Perovskite-Silicon Tandem Solar Cells: From the Lab to Fab? ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2106540. [PMID: 35060205 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on monolithic 2-terminal perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells and discusses key scientific and technological challenges to address in view of an industrial implementation of this technology. The authors start by examining the different crystalline silicon (c-Si) technologies suitable for pairing with perovskites, followed by reviewing recent developments in the field of monolithic 2-terminal perovskite-silicon tandems. Factors limiting the power conversion efficiency of these tandem devices are then evaluated, before discussing pathways to achieve an efficiency of >32%, a value that small-scale devices will likely need to achieve to make tandems competitive. Aspects related to the upscaling of these device active areas to industry-relevant ones are reviewed, followed by a short discussion on module integration aspects. The review then focuses on stability issues, likely the most challenging task that will eventually determine the economic viability of this technology. The final part of this review discusses alternative monolithic perovskite-silicon tandem designs. Finally, key areas of research that should be addressed to bring this technology from the lab to the fab are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Fu
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Microengineering (IMT), Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics Laboratory (PV-Lab), Rue de la Maladière 71b, Neuchâtel, 2002, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Jia Li
- Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore (SERIS), National University of Singapore, 7 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
| | - Terry Chien-Jen Yang
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Microengineering (IMT), Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics Laboratory (PV-Lab), Rue de la Maladière 71b, Neuchâtel, 2002, Switzerland
- CSIRO Energy Centre, 10 Murray Dwyer Circuit, Mayfield West, New South Wales, 2304, Australia
| | - Haoming Liang
- Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore (SERIS), National University of Singapore, 7 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Antonin Faes
- PV-Center, CSEM, Jaquet-Droz 1, Neuchâtel, 2002, Switzerland
| | - Quentin Jeangros
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Microengineering (IMT), Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics Laboratory (PV-Lab), Rue de la Maladière 71b, Neuchâtel, 2002, Switzerland
- PV-Center, CSEM, Jaquet-Droz 1, Neuchâtel, 2002, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Ballif
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Microengineering (IMT), Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics Laboratory (PV-Lab), Rue de la Maladière 71b, Neuchâtel, 2002, Switzerland
- PV-Center, CSEM, Jaquet-Droz 1, Neuchâtel, 2002, Switzerland
| | - Yi Hou
- Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore (SERIS), National University of Singapore, 7 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
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14
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Imaging and quantifying non-radiative losses at 23% efficient inverted perovskite solar cells interfaces. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2868. [PMID: 35606374 PMCID: PMC9126963 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30426-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interface engineering through passivating agents, in the form of organic molecules, is a powerful strategy to enhance the performance of perovskite solar cells. Despite its pivotal function in the development of a rational device optimization, the actual role played by the incorporation of interfacial modifications and the interface physics therein remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the interface and device physics, quantifying charge recombination and charge losses in state-of-the-art inverted solar cells with power conversion efficiency beyond 23% - among the highest reported so far - by using multidimensional photoluminescence imaging. By doing that we extract physical parameters such as quasi-Fermi level splitting (QFLS) and Urbach energy enabling us to assess that the main passivation mechanism affects the perovskite/PCBM ([6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester) interface rather than surface defects. In this work, by linking optical, electrical measurements and modelling we highlight the benefits of organic passivation, made in this case by phenylethylammonium (PEAI) based cations, in maximising all the photovoltaic figures of merit. In this work, charge recombination and losses in inverted solar cells with dual organic cations interfacial passivation are quantified by mapping physical parameters obtained via continuous wave and time resolved photoluminescence imaging techniques.
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15
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Zhuang X, Chen X, Xu L, Liu S, Wu Y, Shi Z, Zhou Q, Li B, Yan H, Reiss P, Song H. Halide anions engineered ionic liquids passivation layer for highly stable inverted perovskite solar cells. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 622:469-480. [PMID: 35525148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.04.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Long-term stability remains a great challenge for metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The utilization of ionic liquids (ILs) is a promising strategy to solve the stability problem. However, few studies have focused on controlling the halide anions of ILs, in which different organic cations can modulate the melting point of ILs and film crystal growth. Here, ILs with a 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (EMIM+) cation and different halide anions (X = Cl, Br, and I) are employed in inverted PSCs. The results show that EMIMX can form a 1D passivation layer by the in situ growth technique and influence the surface morphology of the perovskite film. These EMIMX-treated layers simultaneously suppress the surface defects and nonradiative energy losses and improve the hydrophobic properties. As a result, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.0% is obtained for the EMIMBr-modified PSCs compared to 18.06% for the control device. Moreover, the unencapsulated devices maintain more than 90% of their initial PCE over 3000 h under ambient air, which is among the best long-term stabilities reported for NiOx-based inverted PSCs. It also retains 74.2% and 49.5% of the initial PCE value after aging under harsher conditions, such as an 85 ± 5% relative humidity (RH) environment and at 85 °C for 48 h, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmeng Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinfu Chen
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Xu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuainan Liu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhichong Shi
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixia Yan
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Peter Reiss
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SyMMES, STEP, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Hongwei Song
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Aktas E, Pudi R, Phung N, Wenisch R, Gregori L, Meggiolaro D, Flatken MA, De Angelis F, Lauermann I, Abate A, Palomares E. Role of Terminal Group Position in Triphenylamine-Based Self-Assembled Hole-Selective Molecules in Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:17461-17469. [PMID: 35385253 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The application of self-assembled molecules (SAMs) as a charge selective layer in perovskite solar cells has gained tremendous attention. As a result, highly efficient and stable devices have been released with stand-alone SAMs binding ITO substrates. However, further structural understanding of the effect of SAM in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is required. Herein, three triphenylamine-based molecules with differently positioned methoxy substituents have been synthesized that can self-assemble onto the metal oxide layers that selectively extract holes. They have been effectively employed in p-i-n PSCs with a power conversion efficiency of up to 20%. We found that the perovskite deposited onto SAMs made by para- and ortho-substituted hole selective contacts provides large grain thin film formation increasing the power conversion efficiencies. Density functional theory predicts that para- and ortho-substituted position SAMs might form a well-ordered structure by improving the SAM's arrangement and in consequence enhancing its stability on the metal oxide surface. We believe this result will be a benchmark for the design of further SAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Aktas
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-BIST), Avda. Països Catalans, 16, Tarragona E-43007, Spain
- Departament de Química-Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona E-43007, Spain
| | - Rajesh Pudi
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-BIST), Avda. Països Catalans, 16, Tarragona E-43007, Spain
| | - Nga Phung
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Wenisch
- PVcomB/Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Schwarzschildstraße 3, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Luca Gregori
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "'Giulio Natta"' (CNR-SCITEC), Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Daniele Meggiolaro
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "'Giulio Natta"' (CNR-SCITEC), Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Marion A Flatken
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Filippo De Angelis
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, College of Sciences and Human Studies, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Khobar, Dhahran 34754 Saudi Arabia
| | - Iver Lauermann
- PVcomB/Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Schwarzschildstraße 3, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonio Abate
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemical, Materials, and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Fuorigrotta, Italy
| | - Emilio Palomares
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-BIST), Avda. Països Catalans, 16, Tarragona E-43007, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig LLuís Companys 23, E-08010, Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Metrangolo P, Canil L, Abate A, Terraneo G, Cavallo G. Halogen Bonding in Perovskite Solar Cells: A New Tool for Improving Solar Energy Conversion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierangelo Metrangolo
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SBNLab) Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano Via L. Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Laura Canil
- Department Novel Materials and Interfaces for Photovoltaic Solar Cells Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialen und Energie Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 14109 Berlin Germany
| | - Antonio Abate
- Department Novel Materials and Interfaces for Photovoltaic Solar Cells Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialen und Energie Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 14109 Berlin Germany
| | - Giancarlo Terraneo
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SBNLab) Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano Via L. Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Gabriella Cavallo
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SBNLab) Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano Via L. Mancinelli 7 20131 Milano Italy
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18
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Zu F, Shin D, Koch N. Electronic properties of metal halide perovskites and their interfaces: the basics. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:17-24. [PMID: 34816849 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01106e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We have witnessed tremendous progress of metal halide perovskite (MHP)-based optoelectronic devices, especially in the field of photovoltaics. Despite intensive research in the past few years, questions still remain regarding their fundamental optoelectronic properties, among which the electronic properties exhibit an interplay of numerous phenomena that deserve serious scrutiny. In this Focus article, we aim to provide a contemporary understanding of the unique electronic properties that has been resolved by the community. First introducing some of the basic concepts established in semiconductor physics, the intrinsic and extrinsic electronic properties of the MHPs are disentangled and explained. With this, the complex interplay of interface-, dopant-, and surface state-induced electronic states in determining the electrostatic landscape in the material can be comprehended, and the energy level alignment in device architectures more reliably assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengshuo Zu
- Institut für Physik & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Dongguen Shin
- Institut für Physik & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Norbert Koch
- Institut für Physik & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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19
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Metrangolo P, Canil L, Abate A, Terraneo G, Cavallo G. Halogen Bonding in Perovskite Solar Cells: A New Tool for Improving Solar Energy Conversion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202114793. [PMID: 34962355 PMCID: PMC9306797 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid organic–inorganic halide perovskites (HOIHPs) have recently emerged as a flourishing area of research. Their easy and low‐cost production and their unique optoelectronic properties make them promising materials for many applications. In particular, HOIHPs hold great potential for next‐generation solar cells. However, their practical implementation is still hindered by their poor stability in air and moisture, which is responsible for their short lifetime. Optimizing the chemical composition of materials and exploiting non‐covalent interactions for interfacial and defects engineering, as well as defect passivation, are efficient routes towards enhancing the overall efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Due to the rich halogen chemistry of HOIHPs, exploiting halogen bonding, in particular, may pave the way towards the development of highly stable PSCs. Improved crystallization and stability, reduction of the surface trap states, and the possibility of forming ordered structures have already been preliminarily demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierangelo Metrangolo
- Politecnico di Milano, chem., mat., and chem. eng., Via Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milano, ITALY
| | - Laura Canil
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH: Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie GmbH, Department of novel materials and interfaces for photovoltaic solar cells, GERMANY
| | - Antonio Abate
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH: Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie GmbH, Department of novel materials and interfaces for photovoltaic solar cells, GERMANY
| | - Giancarlo Terraneo
- Politecnico di Milano, Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", ITALY
| | - Gabriella Cavallo
- Politecnico di Milano, Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", ITALY
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20
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Wu T, Li X, Qi Y, Zhang Y, Han L. Defect Passivation for Perovskite Solar Cells: from Molecule Design to Device Performance. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:4354-4376. [PMID: 34424613 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are a promising third-generation photovoltaic (PV) technology developed rapidly in recent years. Further improvement of their power conversion efficiency is focusing on reducing the non-radiative charge recombination induced by the defects in metal halide perovskites. So far, defect passivation by the organic small molecule has been considered as a promising approach for boosting the PSC performance owing to their large structure flexibility adapting to passivating variable kinds of defect states and perovskite compositions. Here, the recent progress of defect passivation toward efficient and stable PSCs was reviewed from the viewpoint of molecular structure design and device performance. To comprehensively reveal the structure-performance correlation of passivation molecules, it was separately discussed how the functional groups, organic frameworks, and side chains affect the corresponding PV parameters of PSCs. Finally, a guideline was provided for researchers to select more suitable passivation agents, and a perspective was given on future trends in development of passivation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xing Li
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yabing Qi
- Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Yiqiang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P.R. China
| | - Liyuan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
- Special Division of Environmental and Energy Science, Komaba Organization for Educational Excellence (KOMEX), College of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
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21
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Zhang C, Kong W, Wu T, Lin X, Wu Y, Nakazaki J, Segawa H, Yang X, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Han L. Reduction of Nonradiative Loss in Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells by Donor-π-Acceptor Dipoles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:44321-44328. [PMID: 34494825 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Inverted perovskite solar cells (IPSCs) attract growing interest because of their simple configuration, reliable stability, and compatibility with tandem applications. However, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of IPSCs still lags behind their regular counterparts, mainly due to the more serious nonradiative loss. Here, we design three donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) dipoles with various dipole moments to introduce extra electric fields at the interface of perovskites and electron transport materials via the binding between the carboxylate end group and under-coordinated divalent Pb. The chemical binding reduces the recombination centers, while the superposition of the built-in electric field facilitates the electron collection and the hole blocking. As a result, the nonradiative loss is diminished as the dipole moments of D-π-A dipoles increase, which contributes to a PCE of 21.4% with enhancement in both the open-circuit voltage and fill factor. The stability for an unencapsulated device is also improved due to the hydrophobic property of D-π-A dipoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Weiyu Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tianhao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xuesong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yongzhen Wu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jotaro Nakazaki
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Segawa
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Xudong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yiqiang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yanbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Liyuan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Special Division of Environmental and Energy Science, Komaba Organization for Educational Excellence (KOMEX), College of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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22
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Cai N, Li F, Chen Y, Luo R, Hu T, Lin F, Yiu S, Liu D, Lei D, Zhu Z, Jen AK. Synergistical Dipole–Dipole Interaction Induced Self‐Assembly of Phenoxazine‐Based Hole‐Transporting Materials for Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Cai
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong Hong Kong
- Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Fengzhu Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong Hong Kong
- Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Yatong Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Ruixi Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Tonghui Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Francis Lin
- Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Shek‐Man Yiu
- Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Danjun Liu
- Department of Applied Physics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Kowloon, Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Dangyuan Lei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Zonglong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Alex K.‐Y. Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong Hong Kong
- Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong Hong Kong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Washington Box352120 Seattle WA 98195-2120 USA
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23
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Cai N, Li F, Chen Y, Luo R, Hu T, Lin F, Yiu SM, Liu D, Lei D, Zhu Z, Jen AKY. Synergistical Dipole-Dipole Interaction Induced Self-Assembly of Phenoxazine-Based Hole-Transporting Materials for Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20437-20442. [PMID: 34227199 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Delicately designed dopant-free hole-transporting materials (HTMs) with ordered structure have become one of the major strategies to achieve high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this work, we report two donor-π linker-donor (D-π-D) HTMs, N01 and N02, which consist of facilely synthesized 4,8-di(n-hexyloxy)-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene as a π linker, with 10-bromohexyl-10H-phenoxazine and 10-hexyl-10H-phenoxazine as donors, respectively. The N01 molecules form a two-dimensional conjugated network governed by C-H⋅⋅⋅O and C-H⋅⋅⋅Br interaction between phenoxazine donors, and synchronously construct a three-dimension lamellar structure with the aid of interlaminar π-π interaction. Consequently, N01 as a dopant-free small-molecule HTM exhibits a higher intrinsic hole mobility and more favorable interfacial properties for hole transport, hole extraction and perovskite growth, enabling an inverted PSC to achieve a very impressive power conversion efficiency of 21.85 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Cai
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Fengzhu Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yatong Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ruixi Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Tonghui Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Francis Lin
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Shek-Man Yiu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Danjun Liu
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Dangyuan Lei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Zonglong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Box352120, Seattle, WA, 98195-2120, USA
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24
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Ma K, Atapattu HR, Zhao Q, Gao Y, Finkenauer BP, Wang K, Chen K, Park SM, Coffey AH, Zhu C, Huang L, Graham KR, Mei J, Dou L. Multifunctional Conjugated Ligand Engineering for Stable and Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100791. [PMID: 34219297 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Surface passivation is an effective way to boost the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, a key challenge faced by most of the passivation strategies is reducing the interface charge recombination without imposing energy barriers to charge extraction. Here, a novel multifunctional semiconducting organic ammonium cationic interface modifier inserted between the light-harvesting perovskite film and the hole-transporting layer is reported. It is shown that the conjugated cations can directly extract holes from perovskite efficiently, and simultaneously reduce interface non-radiative recombination. Together with improved energy level alignment and the stabilized interface in the device, a triple-cation mixed-halide medium-bandgap PSC with an excellent power conversion efficiency of 22.06% (improved from 19.94%) and suppressed ion migration and halide phase segregation, which lead to a long-term operational stability, is demonstrated. This strategy provides a new practical method of interface engineering in PSCs toward improved efficiency and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ma
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Harindi R Atapattu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Qiuchen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Yao Gao
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Blake P Finkenauer
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Kang Wang
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - So Min Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Aidan H Coffey
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
| | - Libai Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Kenneth R Graham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Jianguo Mei
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Letian Dou
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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25
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Luo D, Li X, Dumont A, Yu H, Lu ZH. Recent Progress on Perovskite Surfaces and Interfaces in Optoelectronic Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006004. [PMID: 34145654 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Surfaces and heterojunction interfaces, where defects and energy levels dictate charge-carrier dynamics in optoelectronic devices, are critical for unlocking the full potential of perovskite semiconductors. In this progress report, chemical structures of perovskite surfaces are discussed and basic physical rules for the band alignment are summarized at various perovskite interfaces. Common perovskite surfaces are typically decorated by various compositional and structural defects such as residual surface reactants, discrete nanoclusters, reactions by products, vacancies, interstitials, antisites, etc. Some of these surface species induce deep-level defect states in the forbidden band forming very harmful charge-carrier traps and affect negatively the interface band alignments for achieving optimal device performance. Herein, an overview of research progresses on surface and interface engineering is provided to minimize deep-level defect states. The reviewed subjects include selection of interface and substrate buffer layers for growing better crystals, materials and processing methods for surface passivation, the surface catalyst for microstructure transformations, organic semiconductors for charge extraction or injection, heterojunctions with wide bandgap perovskites or nanocrystals for mitigating defects, and electrode interlayer for preventing interdiffusion and reactions. These surface and interface engineering strategies are shown to be critical in boosting device performance for both solar cells and light-emitting diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deying Luo
- Dr. D. Luo, Prof. H. Yu, Prof. Z.-H. Lu, School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Dr. D. Luo, Dr. X. Li, A. Dumont, Prof. Z.-H. Lu, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 3E4, Canada
| | - Xiaoyue Li
- Dr. D. Luo, Dr. X. Li, A. Dumont, Prof. Z.-H. Lu, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 3E4, Canada
- Dr. X. Li, Prof. Z.-H. Lu, Department of Physics, Center for Optoelectronics Engineering Research, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Antoine Dumont
- Dr. D. Luo, Dr. X. Li, A. Dumont, Prof. Z.-H. Lu, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 3E4, Canada
| | - Hongyu Yu
- Dr. D. Luo, Prof. H. Yu, Prof. Z.-H. Lu, School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Lu
- Dr. D. Luo, Prof. H. Yu, Prof. Z.-H. Lu, School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Dr. D. Luo, Dr. X. Li, A. Dumont, Prof. Z.-H. Lu, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 3E4, Canada
- Dr. X. Li, Prof. Z.-H. Lu, Department of Physics, Center for Optoelectronics Engineering Research, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
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26
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Shin D, Zu F, Cohen AV, Yi Y, Kronik L, Koch N. Mechanism and Timescales of Reversible p-Doping of Methylammonium Lead Triiodide by Oxygen. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100211. [PMID: 33938045 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and controlling the energy level alignment at interfaces with metal halide perovskites (MHPs) is essential for realizing the full potential of these materials for use in optoelectronic devices. To date, however, the basic electronic properties of MHPs are still under debate. Particularly, reported Fermi level positions in the energy gap vary from indicating strong n- to strong p-type character for nominally identical materials, raising serious questions about intrinsic and extrinsic defects as dopants. In this work, photoemission experiments demonstrate that thin films of the prototypical methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI3 ) behave like an intrinsic semiconductor in the absence of oxygen. Oxygen is then shown to be able to reversibly diffuse into and out of the MAPbI3 bulk, requiring rather long saturation timescales of ≈1 h (in: ambient air) and over 10 h (out: ultrahigh vacuum), for few 100 nm thick films. Oxygen in the bulk leads to pronounced p-doping, positioning the Fermi level universally ≈0.55 eV above the valence band maximum. The key doping mechanism is suggested to be molecular oxygen substitution of iodine vacancies, supported by density functional theory calculations. This insight rationalizes previous and future electronic property studies of MHPs and calls for meticulous oxygen exposure protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongguen Shin
- Institut für Physik & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fengshuo Zu
- Institut für Physik & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ayala V Cohen
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth, 76100, Israel
| | - Yeonjin Yi
- Institute of Physics and Applied Physics & Van der Waals Materials Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Leeor Kronik
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth, 76100, Israel
| | - Norbert Koch
- Institut für Physik & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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27
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Fu P, Li J, Wang C, Ren Q. Synthesis and performances of 9,9‐bis(perfluorohexylethyl propionate) fluorene copolymers. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng‐hui Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Jian Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Chen‐yi Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Qiang Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu China
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28
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Guo X, Su J, Lin Z, Wang X, Wang Q, Zeng Z, Chang J, Hao Y. Synergetic surface charge transfer doping and passivation toward high efficient and stable perovskite solar cells. iScience 2021; 24:102276. [PMID: 33817580 PMCID: PMC8005820 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have received much attention in the last few years due to the high power conversion efficiency (PCE). Generally, perovskite/charge transport layer interface and the defects at the surface and grain boundaries of perovskite film are important factors for the efficiency and stability of PSCs. Herein, we employ an extended benzopentafulvalenes compound (FDC-2-5Cl) with electron-withdrawing pentachlorophenyl group and favorable energy level as charge transfer molecule to treat the perovskite surface. The FDC-2-5Cl with pentachlorophenyl group could accept the electrons from perovskite as a p-type dopant, and passivate the surface defects. The p-type doping effect of FDC-2-5Cl on perovskite surface induced band bending at perovskite surface, which improves the hole extraction from perovskite. As a result, the PSC with FDC-2-5Cl treatment achieves a PCE of 21.16% with an enhanced open-circuit voltage (V oc) of 1.14 V and outstanding long-term stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Guo
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Tecchnology, Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Jie Su
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Tecchnology, Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi'an 710071, China
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Research Center for Flexible Electronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Zhenhua Lin
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Tecchnology, Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Xinhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Qingrui Wang
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Tecchnology, Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Zebing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Chang
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Tecchnology, Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi'an 710071, China
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Research Center for Flexible Electronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Yue Hao
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Tecchnology, Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi'an 710071, China
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Research Center for Flexible Electronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi'an 710071, China
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29
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Kong GD, Song H, Yoon S, Kang H, Chang R, Yoon HJ. Interstitially Mixed Self-Assembled Monolayers Enhance Electrical Stability of Molecular Junctions. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:3162-3169. [PMID: 33797252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrical breakdown is a critical problem in electronics. In molecular electronics, it becomes more problematic because ultrathin molecular monolayers have delicate and defective structures and exhibit intrinsically low breakdown voltages, which limit device performances. Here, we show that interstitially mixed self-assembled monolayers (imSAMs) remarkably enhance electrical stability of molecular-scale electronic devices without deteriorating function and reliability. The SAM of the sterically bulky matrix (SC11BIPY rectifier) molecule is diluted with a skinny reinforcement (SCn) molecule via the new approach, so-called repeated surface exchange of molecules (ReSEM). Combined experiments and simulations reveal that the ReSEM yields imSAMs wherein interstices between the matrix molecules are filled with the reinforcement molecules and leads to significantly enhanced breakdown voltage inaccessible by traditional pure or mixed SAMs. Thanks to this, bias-driven disappearance and inversion of rectification is unprecedentedly observed. Our work may help to overcome the shortcoming of SAM's instability and expand the functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu Don Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Hyunsun Song
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Seungmin Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
| | - Hungu Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Rakwoo Chang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Seoul, Seoul 02543, Korea
| | - Hyo Jae Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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30
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Xiao XB, Liu BG. Freestanding perovskite oxide monolayers as two-dimensional semiconductors. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:145705. [PMID: 33333502 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abd4a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It is highly desirable to search for promising two-dimensional (2D) monolayer materials for obtaining deep insight of 2D materials and developing device applications. We use first-principles method to investigate tetragonal perovskite oxide monolayers as 2D materials, and find three stable freestanding 2D monolayer materials from important perovskite oxides (ABO3), namely SrTiO3, LaAlO3, and KTaO3, denoting them as STO-ML, LAO-ML, and KTO-ML. Such an oxide monolayer consists of one AO and one BO2 atomic layers. Further study shows that the three monolayers are 2D wide-gap semiconducotors, and there is a large electrostatic potential energy difference between the two sides, reflecting a large out-of-plane dipole, in each of the monolayers. We also investigate optical properties of the three monolayer semiconductors and compare them with graphene and MoS2 monolayer. These make a series of 2D monolayer materials, and should be useful in novel electronic and optoelectronic devices considering emerging phenomena in perovskite oxide heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Bo Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Bang-Gui Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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31
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Joseph Yeow Wan Foong J, Febriansyah B, Jyoti Singh Rana P, Ming Koh T, Jun Jie Tay D, Bruno A, Mhaisalkar S, Mathews N. Effects of All-Organic Interlayer Surface Modifiers on the Efficiency and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:1524-1533. [PMID: 33433943 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Surface imperfections created during fabrication of halide perovskite (HP) films could induce formation of various defect sites that affect device performance and stability. In this work, all-organic surface modifiers consisting of alkylammonium cations and alkanoate anions are introduced on top of the HP layer to passivate interfacial vacancies and improve moisture tolerance. Passivation using alkylammonium alkanoate does not induce formation of low-dimensional perovskites species. Instead, the organic species only passivate the perovskite's surface and grain boundaries, which results in enhanced hydrophobic character of the HP films. In terms of photovoltaic application, passivation with alkylammonium alkanoate allows significant reduction in recombination losses and enhancement of open-circuit voltage. Alongside unchanged short-circuit current density, power conversion efficiencies of more than 18.5 % can be obtained from the treated sample. Furthermore, the unencapsulated device retains 85 % of its initial PCE upon treatment, whereas the standard 3D perovskite device loses 50 % of its original PCE when both are subjected to ambient environment over 1500 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Japheth Joseph Yeow Wan Foong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang, Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Benny Febriansyah
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Prem Jyoti Singh Rana
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Teck Ming Koh
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Darrell Jun Jie Tay
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Annalisa Bruno
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Subodh Mhaisalkar
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang, Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Nripan Mathews
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang, Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
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32
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Automatic light-adjusting electrochromic device powered by perovskite solar cell. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1010. [PMID: 33579925 PMCID: PMC7881180 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21086-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrochromic devices can modulate their light absorption under a small driving voltage, but the requirement for external electrical supplies causes response-lag. To address this problem, self-powered electrochromic devices have been studied recently. However, insensitivity to the surrounding light and unsatisfactory stability of electrochromic devices have hindered their critical applications. Herein, novel perovskite solar cell-powered all-in-one gel electrochromic devices have been assembled and studied in order to achieve automatic light adjustment. Two alkynyl-containing viologen derivatives are synthesized as electrochromic materials, the devices with very high stability (up to 70000 cycles) serves as the energy storage and smart window, while the perovskite solar cell with power-conversion-efficiency up to 18.3% serves as the light detector and power harvester. The combined devices can automatically switch between bleached and colored state to adjust light absorption with variable surrounding light intensity in real-time swiftly, which establish significant potentials for applications as modern all-day intelligent windows.
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Blancon JC, Even J, Stoumpos CC, Kanatzidis MG, Mohite AD. Semiconductor physics of organic-inorganic 2D halide perovskites. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 15:969-985. [PMID: 33277622 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-020-00811-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Achieving technologically relevant performance and stability for optoelectronics, energy conversion, photonics, spintronics and quantum devices requires creating atomically precise materials with tailored homo- and hetero-interfaces, which can form functional hierarchical assemblies. Nature employs tunable sequence chemistry to create complex architectures, which efficiently transform matter and energy, however, in contrast, the design of synthetic materials and their integration remains a long-standing challenge. Organic-inorganic two-dimensional halide perovskites (2DPKs) are organic and inorganic two-dimensional layers, which self-assemble in solution to form highly ordered periodic stacks. They exhibit a large compositional and structural phase space, which has led to novel and exciting physical properties. In this Review, we discuss the current understanding in the structure and physical properties of 2DPKs from the monolayers to assemblies, and present a comprehensive comparison with conventional semiconductors, thereby providing a broad understanding of low-dimensional semiconductors that feature complex organic-inorganic hetero-interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacky Even
- Univ Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON - UMR 6082, Rennes, France
| | - Costas C Stoumpos
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Mercouri G Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Aditya D Mohite
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
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Aktas E, Jiménez-López J, Azizi K, Torres T, Palomares E. Self-assembled Zn phthalocyanine as a robust p-type selective contact in perovskite solar cells. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2020; 5:1415-1419. [PMID: 32856637 DOI: 10.1039/d0nh00443j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) as selective charge extracting layers in perovskite solar cells is a great approach to replace the commonly used charge selective contacts, as they can easily modify the interface to enhance the final solar cell performance. Here, we report a novel synthetic approach of the commonly known zinc phtalocyanine (ZnPc) molecule TT1, widely employed in dye-sensitized solar cells and previously used in perovskite solar cells. TT1 is used as a p-type selective contact, and it demonstrates its ability to form SAM on top of the indium tin oxide (ITO) transparent electrode, obtaining higher efficiencies compared to Pedot:PSS based perovskite solar cells. The differences observed, with an enhanced open-circuit voltage and overall efficiency in TT1 devices are correlated with differences in energetics rather than recombination kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Aktas
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-BIST), Avda. PaÏsos Catalans, 16, Tarragona, E-43007, Spain.
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Wu F, Pathak R, Chen C, Tong Y, Xu H, Zhang T, Jian R, Li X, Qiao Q. Reduced hysteresis in perovskite solar cells using metal oxide/organic hybrid hole transport layer with generated interfacial dipoles. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Di Girolamo D, Di Giacomo F, Matteocci F, Marrani AG, Dini D, Abate A. Progress, highlights and perspectives on NiO in perovskite photovoltaics. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7746-7759. [PMID: 34094149 PMCID: PMC8163100 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02859b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of NiO based perovskite solar cells has recently hit a record 22.1% with a hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite composition and a PCE above 15% in a fully inorganic configuration was achieved. Moreover, NiO processing is a mature technology, with different industrially attractive processes demonstrated in the last few years. These considerations, along with the excellent stabilities reported, clearly point towards NiO as the most efficient inorganic hole selective layer for lead halide perovskite photovoltaics, which is the topic of this review. NiO optoelectronics is discussed by analysing the different doping mechanisms, with a focus on the case of alkaline and transition metal cation dopants. Doping allows tuning the conductivity and the energy levels of NiO, improving the overall performance and adapting the material to a variety of perovskite compositions. Furthermore, we summarise the main investigations on the NiO/perovskite interface stability. In fact, the surface of NiO is commonly oxidised and reactive with perovskite, also under the effect of light, thermal and electrical stress. Interface engineering strategies should be considered aiming at long term stability and the highest efficiency. Finally, we present the main achievements in flexible, fully printed and lead-free perovskite photovoltaics which employ NiO as a layer and provide our perspective to accelerate the improvement of these technologies. Overall, we show that adequately doped and passivated NiO might be an ideal hole selective layer in every possible application of perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Di Girolamo
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering. University of Naples Federico II Pzz.le Vincenzo Tecchio 80 Naples 80125 Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome La Sapienza Pzz.le Aldo Moro 5 Rome 00185 Italy
| | - Francesco Di Giacomo
- C.H.O.S.E.- Center for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata Via del Politecnico 1 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Fabio Matteocci
- C.H.O.S.E.- Center for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata Via del Politecnico 1 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Andrea Giacomo Marrani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome La Sapienza Pzz.le Aldo Moro 5 Rome 00185 Italy
| | - Danilo Dini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome La Sapienza Pzz.le Aldo Moro 5 Rome 00185 Italy
| | - Antonio Abate
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering. University of Naples Federico II Pzz.le Vincenzo Tecchio 80 Naples 80125 Italy
- Institute for Silicon Photovoltaics, Hemlholtz Zentrum Berlin Kekulestraße 5 D-12489 Berlin Germany
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Ding H, Li B, Zareen S, Li G, Tu Y, Zhang D, Cao X, Xu Q, Yang S, Tait SL, Zhu J. In Situ Investigations of Al/Perovskite Interfacial Structures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:28861-28868. [PMID: 32478504 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c06458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial properties of perovskite layers and metal electrodes play a crucial role in device performance and long-term stability of perovskite solar cells. In this work, we performed a comprehensive study of the interfacial structures and ion migration at the interface of a CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite layer and an Al electrode using in situ synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy measurements. It was found that the Al electrode can react with the perovskite layers, leading to the formation of aluminum iodide species and the bonding between Al and N, as well as the reduction of Pb2+ ions to metallic Pb species at the interface. Moreover, during the Al deposition, iodide ions can migrate from the CH3NH3PbI3 subsurface to the Al electrode, while the reduced Pb remains at the subsurface. The depth profile photoemission measurements, made by varying the photon energies of incident synchrotron radiation X-rays, demonstrate that the reaction occurs at the Al/CH3NH3PbI3 interface at least with a thickness of ∼3.5 nm below the perovskite surface. This study provides an atomic-level fundamental understanding of the Al/CH3NH3PbI3 interfacial structures and insight into the degradation mechanisms of perovskite solar cells when using Al metal as the electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghe Ding
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Bairu Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shah Zareen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Guihang Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Yi Tu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Dongling Zhang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Xu Cao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Qian Xu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Steven L Tait
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Junfa Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
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Sadhu S, Buffeteau T, Sandrez S, Hirsch L, Bassani DM. Observing the Migration of Hydrogen Species in Hybrid Perovskite Materials through D/H Isotope Exchange. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10431-10437. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subha Sadhu
- Univ.́ de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, IMS, UMR 5218, ENSCBP F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Thierry Buffeteau
- Univ.́ de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Simon Sandrez
- Univ.́ de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, IMS, UMR 5218, ENSCBP F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Lionel Hirsch
- Univ.́ de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, IMS, UMR 5218, ENSCBP F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Dario M. Bassani
- Univ.́ de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33405 Talence, France
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