1
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Nadarajan R, Dey S, Kayal A, Mitra J, Shaijumon MM. Enhancing hydrogen evolution reaction activity through defects and strain engineering in monolayer MoS 2. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc04874a. [PMID: 39416290 PMCID: PMC11474668 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc04874a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 10/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has recently emerged as a promising electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, the poor in-plane electrical conductivity and inert basal plane activity pose major challenges in realizing its practical application. Herein, we demonstrate a new approach to induce biaxial strain into CVD-grown MoS2 monolayers by draping it over an array of patterned gold nanopillar arrays (AuNAs) as an efficient strategy to enhance its HER activity. We vary the magnitude of applied strain by changing the inter-pillar spacing, and its effect on the HER activity is investigated. To capitalize on the synergistic effect of improved ΔG H via strain engineering and leverage basal plane activation by introduction of sulphur vacancies, we further exposed the strained MoS2 monolayers to oxygen plasma treatment to create S-vacancies. The strained MoS2 on AuNAs with optimal inter-pillar spacing is exposed to oxygen plasma treatment for different durations, and we study its electrocatalytic activity towards the HER using on-chip microcell devices. The strained and vacancy-rich monolayer MoS2 draped on AuNAs with a 0.5 μm inter-pillar spacing and exposed to plasma for 50 s (S0.5μmV50-MoS2) is shown to exhibit remarkable improvement in HER activity, with an overpotential of 53 mV in 0.5 M H2SO4. Thus, the synergistic creation of additional vacancy defects, along with strain-induced active sites, results in enhancement in HER performance of CVD-grown monolayer MoS2. The present study provides a highly promising route for engineering 2D electrocatalysts towards efficient hydrogen evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjith Nadarajan
- School of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Maruthamala PO Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Sraboni Dey
- School of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Maruthamala PO Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Arijit Kayal
- School of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Maruthamala PO Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Joy Mitra
- School of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Maruthamala PO Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Manikoth M Shaijumon
- School of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Maruthamala PO Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
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2
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Cui WG, Gao F, Na G, Wang X, Li Z, Yang Y, Niu Z, Qu Y, Wang D, Pan H. Insights into the pH effect on hydrogen electrocatalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:10253-10311. [PMID: 39239864 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00370e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen electrocatalytic reactions, including the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR), play a crucial role in a wide range of energy conversion and storage technologies. However, the HER and HOR display anomalous non-Nernstian pH dependent kinetics, showing two to three orders of magnitude sluggish kinetics in alkaline media compared to that in acidic media. Fundamental understanding of the origins of the intrinsic pH effect has attracted substantial interest from the electrocatalysis community. More critically, a fundamental molecular level understanding of this effect is still debatable, but is essential for developing active, stable, and affordable fuel cells and water electrolysis technologies. Against this backdrop, in this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the intrinsic pH effect on hydrogen electrocatalysis, covering the experimental observations, underlying principles, and strategies for catalyst design. We discuss the strengths and shortcomings of various activity descriptors, including hydrogen binding energy (HBE) theory, bifunctional theory, potential of zero free charge (pzfc) theory, 2B theory and other theories, across different electrolytes and catalyst surfaces, and outline their interrelations where possible. Additionally, we highlight the design principles and research progress in improving the alkaline HER/HOR kinetics by catalyst design and electrolyte optimization employing the aforementioned theories. Finally, the remaining controversies about the pH effects on HER/HOR kinetics as well as the challenges and possible research directions in this field are also put forward. This review aims to provide researchers with a comprehensive understanding of the intrinsic pH effect and inspire the development of more cost-effective and durable alkaline water electrolyzers (AWEs) and anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AMFCs) for a sustainable energy future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Gang Cui
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Fan Gao
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Guoquan Na
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Xingqiang Wang
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Zhenglong Li
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Yaxiong Yang
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Niu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yongquan Qu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China.
| | - Dingsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Hongge Pan
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China.
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3
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Xie L, Wang L, Liu X, Chen J, Wen X, Zhao W, Liu S, Zhao Q. Flexible tungsten disulfide superstructure engineering for efficient alkaline hydrogen evolution in anion exchange membrane water electrolysers. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5702. [PMID: 38977693 PMCID: PMC11231348 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50117-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Anion exchange membrane (AEM) water electrolysis employing non-precious metal electrocatalysts is a promising strategy for achieving sustainable hydrogen production. However, it still suffers from many challenges, including sluggish alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) kinetics, insufficient activity and limited lifetime of non-precious metal electrocatalysts for ampere-level-current-density alkaline HER. Here, we report an efficient alkaline HER strategy at industrial-level current density wherein a flexible WS2 superstructure is designed to serve as the cathode catalyst for AEM water electrolysis. The superstructure features bond-free van der Waals interaction among the low Young's modulus nanosheets to ensure excellent mechanical flexibility, as well as a stepped edge defect structure of nanosheets to realize high catalytic activity and a favorable reaction interface micro-environment. The unique flexible WS2 superstructure can effectively withstand the impact of high-density gas-liquid exchanges and facilitate mass transfer, endowing excellent long-term durability under industrial-scale current density. An AEM electrolyser containing this catalyst at the cathode exhibits a cell voltage of 1.70 V to deliver a constant catalytic current density of 1 A cm-2 over 1000 h with a negligible decay rate of 9.67 μV h-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingbin Xie
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Institute of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Longlu Wang
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
| | - Xia Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jianmei Chen
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Xixing Wen
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Institute of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Institute of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
| | - Qiang Zhao
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Institute of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
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4
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Kong L, Pan L, Guo H, Qiu Y, Alshahrani WA, Amin MA, Lin J. Constructing WS 2/WO 3-x heterostructured electrocatalyst enriched with oxygen vacancies for accelerated hydrogen evolution reaction. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 664:178-185. [PMID: 38460382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
H2 produced through hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is a shining star in the field of clean energy. Significant efforts have been dedicated to develop efficient and stable electrocatalysts to reduce the energy barrier and accelerate the kinetics of Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) under various environments. Herein, we propose a strategy to accelerate the kinetics of HER under acid and alkaline environments by combining heterostructure engineering with defect engineering. We have successfully synthesized a series of WS2/WO3-x heterostructured catalysts, accompanied with substantial oxygen vacancies using a two-step synthesis method. With the partially sulfurization of WO3-x, the heterojunction interface of WS2 and WO3-x was formed along with the appearance of oxygen vacancies, which can facilitate the migration of electrons. The heterostructured catalyst enriched with oxygen vacancies (defined as WS2/WO3-x-2) demonstrates superior HER performance in acidic and alkaline electrolytes. At a current density of 10 mA cm-2, the WS2/WO3-x-2 heterostructured catalyst manifests an overpotential of 120 mV in the acidic electrolytes and a slightly higher overpotential of 150 mV in an alkaline environment. The overpotentials offer an improvement compared to reported W-based catalysts in terms of HER performance. This work provides guiding significance on the design of heterostructured catalysts with promising performance for HER in acidic and alkaline environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghui Kong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Lu Pan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Hui Guo
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Yanzhen Qiu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Wafa A Alshahrani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Amin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jianjian Lin
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China.
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5
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Wang C, Yang W, Ding Y, Bai P, Zeng Z, Lv H, Li X, Wang H, Wang Z, Zeng M, Wu X, Fu L. Interlayer Biatomic Pair Bridging the van der Waals Gap for 100% Activation of 2D Layered Material. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308984. [PMID: 38271565 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
2D layered materials are regarded as prospective catalyst candidates due to their advantageous atomic exposure ratio. Nevertheless, the predominant population of atoms residing on the basal plane with saturated coordination, exhibit inert behavior, while a mere fraction of atoms located at the periphery display reactivity. Here, a novel approach is reported to attain complete atom activation in 2D layered materials through the construction of an interlayer biatomic pair bridge. The atoms in question have been strategically optimized to achieve a highly favorable state for the adsorption of intermediates. This optimization results from the introduction of new gap states around the Fermi level. Moreover, the presence of the interlayer bridge facilitates the electron transfer across the van der Waals gap, thereby enhancing the reaction kinetics. The hydrogen evolution reaction exhibits an impressive ultrahigh current density of 2000 mA cm-2 at 397 mV, surpassing the pristine MoS2 by approximately two orders of magnitude (26 mA cm-2 at 397 mV). This study provides new insights for enhancing the efficacy of 2D layered catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wenxuan Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yiran Ding
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Pengfei Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, School of Chemistry and Materials Science. CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Ziyue Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Haifeng Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, School of Chemistry and Materials Science. CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Huiliu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhouyang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Mengqi Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Lei Fu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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6
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Sen P. Computational screening of layered metal chalcogenide materials for HER electrocatalysts, and its synergy with experiments. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:223002. [PMID: 38408384 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad2d45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Layered materials have emerged as attractive candidates in our search for abundant, inexpensive and efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts, due to larger specific area these offer. Among these, transition metal dichalcogenides have been studied extensively, while ternary transition metal tri-chalcogenides have emerged as promising candidates recently. Computational screening has emerged as a powerful tool to identify the promising materials out of an initial set for specific applications, and has been employed for identifying HER catalysts also. This article presents a comprehensive review of how computational screening studies based on density functional calculations have successfully identified the promising materials among the layered transition metal di- and tri-chalcogenides. Synergy of these computational studies with experiments is also reviewed. It is argued that experimental verification of the materials, predicted to be efficient catalysts but not yet tested, will enlarge the list of materials that hold promise to replace expensive platinum, and will help ushering in the much awaited hydrogen economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Sen
- Harish-Chandra Research Institute, A CI of HBNI, Chhatnag Road, Jhunsi, Prayagraj 211019, U.P., India
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7
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Zhang K, Su Q, Shi W, Lv Y, Zhu R, Wang Z, Zhao W, Zhang M, Ding S, Ma S, Du G, Xu B. Copious Dislocations Defect in Amorphous/Crystalline/Amorphous Sandwiched Structure P-NiMoO 4 Electrocatalyst toward Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. ACS NANO 2024; 18:3791-3800. [PMID: 38226921 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of efficient, inexpensive, and long-term stable heterostructured electrocatalysts with high-density dislocations for hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline media and seawater are still a great challenge. An amorphous/crystalline/amorphous sandwiched structure with abundant dislocations were synthesized through thermal phosphidation strategies. The dislocations play an important role in the hydrogen evolution reactions. Copious dislocation defects, combined with cracks, and the synergistic interfacial effect between crystalline phase and amorphous phase regulate the electronic structure of electrocatalyst, provide more active sites, and thus endow the electrocatalysts with excellent catalytic activity under alkaline water and seawater. The overpotentials of P-NiMoO4 at 10 mA/cm2 in 1 M KOH aqueous solution and seawater are 45 and 75 mV, respectively. Additionally, the P-NiMoO4 electrocatalyst exhibits long-term stability over 100 h. This study provides a simple approach for synthesizing amorphous/crystalline/amorphous sandwiched non-noble-metal electrocatalysts with abundant dislocations for hydrogen evolution reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- Materials Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Qingmei Su
- Materials Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Weihao Shi
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- Materials Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yvjie Lv
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- Materials Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Rongrong Zhu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- Materials Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Materials Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- Beijing University of Technology, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Wenqi Zhao
- Materials Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Materials Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Shukai Ding
- Materials Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Shufang Ma
- Materials Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Gaohui Du
- Materials Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Bingshe Xu
- Materials Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan 030032, China
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8
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Wang W, Qi J, Wu Z, Zhai W, Pan Y, Bao K, Zhai L, Wu J, Ke C, Wang L, Ding M, He Q. On-chip electrocatalytic microdevices. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:2891-2926. [PMID: 37596356 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00866-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
On-chip electrocatalytic microdevices (OCEMs) are an emerging electrochemical platform specialized for investigating nanocatalysts at the microscopic level. The OCEM platform allows high-precision electrochemical measurements at the individual nanomaterial level and, more importantly, offers unique perspectives inaccessible with conventional electrochemical methods. This protocol describes the critical concepts, experimental standardization, operational principles and data analysis of OCEMs. Specifically, standard protocols for the measurement of the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction of individual 2D nanosheets are introduced with data validation, interpretation and benchmarking. A series of factors (e.g., the exposed area of material, the choice of passivation layer and current leakage) that could have effects on the accuracy and reliability of measurement are discussed. In addition, as an example of the high adaptability of OCEMs, the protocol for in situ electrical transport measurement is detailed. We believe that this protocol will promote the general adoption of the OCEM platform and inspire further development in the near future. This protocol requires essential knowledge in chemical synthesis, device fabrication and electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junlei Qi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zongxiao Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Zhai
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanghang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Bao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Zhai
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jingkun Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chengxuan Ke
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mengning Ding
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qiyuan He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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9
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Singh M, Nguyen TT, P MA, Ngo QP, Kim DH, Kim NH, Lee JH. Metallic Metastable Hybrid 1T'/1T Phase Triggered Co,PSnS 2 Nanosheets for High Efficiency Trifunctional Electrocatalyst. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206726. [PMID: 36599644 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of trifunctional electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with deeply understanding the mechanism to enhance the electrochemical performance is still a challenging task. In this work, the distorted metastable hybrid-phase induced 1T'/1T Co,PSnS2 nanosheets on carbon cloth (1T'/1T Co,PSnS2 @CC) is prepared and examined. The density functional theoretical (DFT) calculation suggests that the distorted 1T'/1T Co,PSnS2 can provide excellent conductivity and strong hydrogen adsorption ability. The electronic structure tuning and enhancement mechanism of electrochemical performance are investigated and discussed. The optimal 1T'/1T Co,PSnS2 @CC catalyst exhibits low overpotential of ≈94 and 219.7 mV at 10 mA cm-2 for HER and OER, respectively. Remarkably, the catalyst exhibits exceptional ORR activity with small onset potential value (≈0.94 V) and half-wave potential (≈0.87 V). Most significantly, the 1T'/1T Co,PSnS2 ||Co,PSnS2 electrolyzer required small cell voltages of ≈1.53, 1.70, and 1.82 V at 10, 100, and 400 mA cm-2 , respectively, which are better than those of state-of-the-art Pt-C||RuO2 (≈1.56 and 1.84 V at 10 and 100 mA cm-2 ). The present study suggests a new approach for the preparation of large-scalable, high performance hierarchical 3D next-generation trifunctional electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjinder Singh
- Advanced Materials Institute of Nano Convergence Technology (BK21 FOUR), Department of Nano Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Thanh Tuan Nguyen
- Advanced Materials Institute of Nano Convergence Technology (BK21 FOUR), Department of Nano Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Muthu Austeria P
- Division of Science Education, Graduate School of Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering, Jeonbuk National University Jeonju, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Quynh Phuong Ngo
- Advanced Materials Institute of Nano Convergence Technology (BK21 FOUR), Department of Nano Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hwan Kim
- Division of Science Education, Graduate School of Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering, Jeonbuk National University Jeonju, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Hoon Kim
- Advanced Materials Institute of Nano Convergence Technology (BK21 FOUR), Department of Nano Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong Hee Lee
- Advanced Materials Institute of Nano Convergence Technology (BK21 FOUR), Department of Nano Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
- Carbon Composite Research Centre, Department of Polymer Nano Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
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10
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Lu Q, Xiao B, Zhang M, Sun H, Lu Q, Zhou T, Li D, Deng Z, Xu D, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Liu Q. Etching dopant elements to construct active-site-rich Mo 2C for the hydrogen evolution reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2153-2156. [PMID: 36727577 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06181c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We propose a strategy to etch dopants to construct Mo2C with more unsaturated coordination of Mo atoms and lattice distortion for enhanced catalytic activity. It is more effective than doping and etching pure Mo2C and provides a novel strategy for the preparation of catalysts with high catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Lu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China.
| | - Bin Xiao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China.
| | - Mengling Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China.
| | - Huachuan Sun
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China.
| | - QingJie Lu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China.
| | - Tong Zhou
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China.
| | - Dequan Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China.
| | - Zongming Deng
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China.
| | - Dong Xu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China.
| | - Yumin Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China.
| | - Jin Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China.
| | - Qingju Liu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China.
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11
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Tan Z, Kong XY, Ng BJ, Soo HS, Mohamed AR, Chai SP. Recent Advances in Defect-Engineered Transition Metal Dichalcogenides for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution: Perfecting Imperfections. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:1851-1863. [PMID: 36687105 PMCID: PMC9850467 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Switching to renewable, carbon-neutral sources of energy is urgent and critical for climate change mitigation. Despite how hydrogen production by electrolyzing water can enable renewable energy storage, current technologies unfortunately require rare and expensive platinum group metal electrocatalysts, which limit their economic viability. Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are low-cost, earth-abundant materials that possess the potential to replace platinum as the hydrogen evolution catalyst for water electrolysis, but so far, pristine TMDs are plagued by poor catalytic performances. Defect engineering is an attractive approach to enhance the catalytic efficiency of TMDs and is not subjected to the limitations of other approaches like phase engineering and surface structure engineering. In this minireview, we discuss the recent progress made in defect-engineered TMDs as efficient, robust, and low-cost catalysts for water splitting. The roles of chalcogen atomic defects in engineering TMDs for improvements to the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are summarized. Finally, we highlight our perspectives on the challenges and opportunities of defect engineering in TMDs for electrocatalytic water splitting. We hope to provide inspirations for designing the state-of-the-art catalysts for future breakthroughs in the electrocatalytic HER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng
Hao Tan
- School
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371Singapore
| | - Xin Ying Kong
- School
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371Singapore
| | - Boon-Junn Ng
- Multidisciplinary
Platform of Advanced Engineering, Chemical Engineering Discipline,
School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Han Sen Soo
- School
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371Singapore
| | - Abdul Rahman Mohamed
- Low
Carbon Economy (LCE) Group, School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Seri Ampangan, 14300Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Siang-Piao Chai
- Multidisciplinary
Platform of Advanced Engineering, Chemical Engineering Discipline,
School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500Selangor, Malaysia
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12
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Madoune Y, Yang D, Ahmed Y, Al-Makeen MM, Huang H. PVD growth of spiral pyramid-shaped WS 2 on SiO 2/Si driven by screw dislocations. Front Chem 2023; 11:1132567. [PMID: 36936529 PMCID: PMC10022673 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1132567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atomically thin layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), such as MoS2 and WS2, have been getting much attention recently due to their interesting electronic and optoelectronic properties. Especially, spiral TMDs provide a variety of candidates for examining the light-matter interaction resulting from the broken inversion symmetry, as well as the potential new utilization in functional optoelectronic, electromagnetic and nanoelectronics devices. To realize their potential device applications, it is desirable to achieve controlled growth of these layered nanomaterials with a tunable stacking. Here, we demonstrate the Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) growth of spiral pyramid-shaped WS2 with ∼200 μ m in size and the interesting optical properties via AFM and Raman spectroscopy. By controlling the precursors concentration and changing the initial nucleation rates in PVD growth, WS2 in different nanoarchitectures can be obtained. We discuss the growth mechanism for these spiral-patterned WS2 nanostructures based on the screw dislocations. This study provides a simple, scalable approach of screw dislocation-driven (SDD) growth of distinct TMD nanostructures with varying morphologies, and stacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine Madoune
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Yassine Madoune,
| | - DingBang Yang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yameen Ahmed
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Mansour M. Al-Makeen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Han Huang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, China
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13
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Peng J, Ren C, Zhang W, Chen H, Pan X, Bai H, Jing F, Qiu H, Liu H, Hu Z. Spatially Dependent Electronic Structures and Excitons in a Marginally Twisted Moiré Superlattice of Spiral WS 2. ACS NANO 2022; 16:21600-21608. [PMID: 36475630 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Twisted two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) moiré superlattices provide an additional degree of freedom to engineer electronic and optical properties. Nevertheless, controllable synthesis of marginally twisted homo TMD moiré superlattices is still a challenge. Here, physical vapor deposition grown spiral WS2 nanosheets are demonstrated to be a marginally twisted moiré superlattice using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. Periodic moiré superlattices are found on the third layer (3L) and 4L of the spiral WS2 nanosheet owing to the marginally twisted alignment between two neighboring layers, resulting in a highly localized flat band near the valence band maximum. Their bandgap depends on atomic stacking configurations, which gives a good interpretation for split moiré excitons using photoluminescence at 77 K. This work can benefit the development of twisted homo TMD moiré superlattices and could promote the profound research of twisted TMDs in the prospective field, such as strongly correlated physics and twistronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbo Peng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystals, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Caixia Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystals, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Weili Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystals, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Hu Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystals, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Xiaoguang Pan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystals, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Hangxin Bai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystals, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Fangli Jing
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystals, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Hailong Qiu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystals, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Hongjun Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystals, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Zhanggui Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystals, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
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14
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Pippia G, Van Hamme D, Martín-García B, Prato M, Moreels I. A colloidal route to semiconducting tungsten disulfide nanosheets with monolayer thickness. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:15859-15868. [PMID: 36259965 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04307f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are a class of materials that have been extensively studied in the last decade, with molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) being the main protagonist. Typically, the interesting TMD properties, e.g. a direct band gap transition, or broken inversion symmetry, are only present in monolayer thick TMDs, and in the absence of strong lateral confinement, we require different materials or alloys thereof when we want to obtain TMDs with varying (direct) band gap energies. With this in mind, tungsten disulfide (WS2) is emerging as a direct competitor of MoS2 due to its similar properties but larger band gap energy. While several colloidal strategies have been reported for the synthesis of WS2, the synthesis of monolayer WS2 and detailed studies on the effect of synthesis parameters on the synthesis outcome have remained elusive. In this work we therefore focused on a colloidal synthesis method for monolayer WS2 using a design of experiment (DOE) approach. After optimization, we obtained nanosheets with a band gap transition consistent with the expected value for a monolayer. The thickness was further confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. While we could identify two temperature ranges where we could obtain a monolayer, sample characterization by XPS spectroscopy revealed the presence of different ratios of the metallic phase, with the sample synthesized at lower temperature displaying a lower concentration of the metallic phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Pippia
- Ghent University, Department of Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Diem Van Hamme
- Ghent University, Department of Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Beatriz Martín-García
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA, Tolosa Hiribidea 76, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Mirko Prato
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Iwan Moreels
- Ghent University, Department of Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
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15
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Sim Y, Chae Y, Kwon SY. Recent advances in metallic transition metal dichalcogenides as electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction. iScience 2022; 25:105098. [PMID: 36157572 PMCID: PMC9490594 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Layered metallic transition metal dichalcogenides (MTMDs) exhibit distinctive electrical and catalytic properties to drive basal plane activity, and, therefore, they have emerged as promising alternative electrocatalysts for sustainable hydrogen evolution reactions (HERs). A key challenge for realizing MTMDs-based electrocatalysts is the controllable and scalable synthesis of high-quality MTMDs and the development of engineering strategies that allow tuning their electronic structures. However, the lack of a method for the direct synthesis of MTMDs retaining the structural stability limits optimizing the structural design for the next generation of robust electrocatalysts. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the synthesis of MTMDs comprising groups VB and VIB and various routes for structural engineering to enhance the HER catalytic performance. Furthermore, we provide insight into the potential future directions and the development of MTMDs with high durability as electrocatalysts to generate green hydrogen through water-splitting technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeoseon Sim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Center for Future Semiconductor Technology (FUST), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Yujin Chae
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Center for Future Semiconductor Technology (FUST), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Soon-Yong Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Center for Future Semiconductor Technology (FUST), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
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16
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Vijayan A, Sandhyarani N. Enhancing the catalytic activity of bulk MoS2 towards hydrogen evolution reaction by the formation of MoS2-MoO3-Re2O7 heterostructure. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 623:819-831. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.05.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Kayal A, Barman PK, Sarma PV, Shaijumon MM, Kini RN, Mitra J. Symmetric domain segmentation in WS 2flakes: correlating spatially resolved photoluminescence, conductance with valley polarization. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:495203. [PMID: 36041399 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac8d9d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of intra-flake heterogeneity of spectroscopic and electrical properties in chemical vapour deposited (CVD) WS2flakes is explored in a multi-physics investigation via spatially resolved spectroscopic maps correlated with electrical, electronic and mechanical properties. The investigation demonstrates that the three-fold symmetric segregation of spectroscopic response, in topographically uniform WS2flakes are accompanied by commensurate segmentation of electronic properties e.g. local carrier density and the differences in the mechanics of tip-sample interactions, evidenced via scanning probe microscopy phase maps. Overall, the differences are understood to originate from point defects, namely sulfur vacancies within the flake along with a dominant role played by the substrate. While evolution of the multi-physics maps upon sulfur annealing elucidates the role played by sulfur vacancy, substrate-induced effects are investigated by contrasting data from WS2flake on Si and Au surfaces. Local charge depletion induced by the nature of the sample-substrate junction in case of WS2on Au is seen to invert the electrical response with comprehensible effects on their spectroscopic properties. Finally, the role of these optoelectronic properties in preserving valley polarization that affects valleytronic applications in WS2flakes, is investigated via circular polarization discriminated photoluminescence experiments. The study provides a thorough understanding of spatial heterogeneity in optoelectronic properties of WS2and other transition metal chalcogenides, which are critical for device fabrication and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Kayal
- School of Physics, IISER Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | | | - Prasad V Sarma
- School of Physics, IISER Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - M M Shaijumon
- School of Physics, IISER Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - R N Kini
- School of Physics, IISER Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - J Mitra
- School of Physics, IISER Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
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18
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Bisht P, Kumar A, Ghosh A, Vullum PE, Sunding MF, Belle BD, Mehta BR. Tailoring the Vertical and Planar Growth of 2D WS 2 Thin Films Using Pulsed Laser Deposition for Enhanced Gas Sensing Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:36789-36800. [PMID: 35943092 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, pulsed laser deposition has been utilized for the controllable synthesis of WS2 thin films with growth orientation ranging from vertically to horizontally aligned layers, and the effect of growth parameters has been investigated. The growth of thin films on SiO2 substrates at three different pressures (30, 50, and 70 mTorr) and three different temperatures (400, 500, and 600 °C) has been studied. Detailed characterizations carried out on the as-grown layers clearly show the formation of the 2H-WS2 phase and its morphological evolution with deposition conditions. Atomic force microscopy and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy have been used to deduce the growth mechanism of the vertical and planar films with different deposition parameters. The samples grown with a combination of lower temperatures and higher pressures exhibit a vertical flake-like growth with a flake thickness of ∼2-5 nm. However, at higher temperatures and lower pressures, the film growth is observed to be rather planar. The gas sensing parameters and the underlying mechanism have been observed to be quite different for vertically and horizontally grown layers. The vertical layers showed a selective response toward NO2 gas at room temperature (RT) with a limit of detection less than 50 ppb. In comparison, a very subdued and poor gas sensing response was recorded for the planar film at RT. A large specific area and abundance of active edge sites along with the flat basal plane present in the vertically grown layers seem to be responsible for efficient gas sensing toward NO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Bisht
- Thin Film Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Thin Film Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Abhishek Ghosh
- Thin Film Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Per Erik Vullum
- SINTEF Industry, Høgskoleringen, NO: 57046, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | | | - Branson D Belle
- SINTEF Industry, Materials Physics, Forskningsveien 1, NO: 0373, Oslo 0314, Norway
| | - Bodh Raj Mehta
- Thin Film Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
- Directorate of Research, Innovation and Development, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201309, India
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19
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Xiang H, Zheng Y, Chen Y, Xu Y, Hu TS, Feng Y, Zhou Y, Liu S, Chen X. Self-gating enhanced carrier transfer in semiconductor electrocatalyst verified in microdevice. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Sun X, Zhu X, Wang Y, Li Y. 1T′-MoTe2 monolayer: A promising two-dimensional catalyst for the electrochemical production of hydrogen peroxide. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(21)64007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Mahankali K, Gottumukkala SV, Masurkar N, Thangavel NK, Jayan R, Sawas A, Nagarajan S, Islam MM, Arava LMR. Unveiling the Electrocatalytic Activity of 1T'-MoSe 2 on Lithium-Polysulfide Conversion Reactions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:24486-24496. [PMID: 35583340 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The dissolution of intermediate lithium polysulfides (LiPS) into an electrolyte and their shuttling between the electrodes have been the primary bottlenecks for the commercialization of high-energy density lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. While several two-dimensional (2D) materials have been deployed in recent years to mitigate these issues, their activity is strictly restricted to their edge-plane-based active sites. Herein, for the first time, we have explored a phase transformation phenomenon in a 2D material to enhance the number of active sites and electrocatalytic activity toward LiPS redox reactions. Detailed theoretical calculations demonstrate that phase transformation from the 2H to 1T' phase in a MoSe2 material activates the basal planes that allow for LiPS adsorption. The corresponding transformation mechanism and LiPS adsorption capabilities of the as-formed 1T'-MoSe2 were elucidated experimentally using microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. Further, the electrochemical evaluation of phase-transformed MoSe2 revealed its strong electrocatalytic activity toward LiPS reduction and their oxidation reactions. The 1T'-MoSe2-based cathode hosts for sulfur later provide a superior cycling performance of over 250 cycles with a capacity loss of only 0.15% per cycle along with an excellent Coulombic efficiency of 99.6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Mahankali
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Drive, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Sundeep Varma Gottumukkala
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Drive, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Nirul Masurkar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Drive, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Naresh Kumar Thangavel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Drive, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Rahul Jayan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Drive, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Abdulrazzag Sawas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Drive, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Sudhan Nagarajan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Drive, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Md Mahbubul Islam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Drive, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Leela Mohana Reddy Arava
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Drive, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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22
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Wang W, Li Y, Li M, Shen H, Zhang W, Zhang J, Liu T, Kong X, Bi H. Metallic phase WSe 2 nanoscrolls for the hydrogen evolution reaction. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01598f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanostructured metastable metallic phase transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted tremendous attention due to their promising practical applications in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213032, P. R. China
| | - Yutong Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213032, P. R. China
| | - Mengjia Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213032, P. R. China
| | - Hailin Shen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213032, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213032, P. R. China
| | - Jintao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213032, P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213032, P. R. China
| | - Xianqiang Kong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213032, P. R. China
| | - Hengchang Bi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, School of Communication and Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
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23
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24
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Tong X, Zhao Y, Zhuo Z, Yang Z, Wang S, Liu Y, Lu N, Li H, Zhai T. Dual‐Regulation of Defect Sites and Vertical Conduction by Spiral Domain for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xipeng Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology and School of Materials Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430074 P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology and School of Materials Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430074 P. R. China
| | - Zhiwen Zhuo
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids Ministry of Education and Department of Physics Anhui Normal University Wuhu Anhui 241000 P. R. China
| | - Zhenhong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology and School of Materials Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430074 P. R. China
| | - Shuzhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology and School of Materials Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430074 P. R. China
| | - Youwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology and School of Materials Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430074 P. R. China
| | - Ning Lu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids Ministry of Education and Department of Physics Anhui Normal University Wuhu Anhui 241000 P. R. China
| | - Huiqiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology and School of Materials Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430074 P. R. China
| | - Tianyou Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology and School of Materials Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430074 P. R. China
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25
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Tong X, Zhao Y, Zhuo Z, Yang Z, Wang S, Liu Y, Lu N, Li H, Zhai T. Dual-Regulation of Defect Sites and Vertical Conduction by Spiral Domain for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202112953. [PMID: 34871473 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Insufficient active sites and weak vertical conduction are the intrinsic factors that restrict the electrocatalytic HER for transition-metal dichalcogenides. As a prototype, we proposed a model of spiral MoTe2 to optimize collectively the above issues. The conductive atomic force microscopy of an individual spiral reveals that the retentive vertical conduction irrespective of layer thickness benefits from the connected screw dislocation lines between interlayers. Theoretical calculations uncover that the regions near the edge step of the spiral structures more easily form Te vacancies and have lower ΔGH * as extra active sites. A single spiral MoTe2 -based on-chip microcell was fabricated to extract HER activity and achieved an ultrahigh current density of 3000 mA cm-2 at an overpotential of 0.4 V, which is about two orders of magnitude higher than the exfoliated counterpart. Profoundly, this unusual spiral model will initiate a new pathway for triggering other inert catalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xipeng Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwen Zhuo
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids Ministry of Education, and Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Shuzhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Youwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Ning Lu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids Ministry of Education, and Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, P. R. China
| | - Huiqiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Tianyou Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, P. R. China
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Alam K, Das T, Chakraborty S, Sen P. Finding the catalytically active sites on the layered tri-chalcogenide compounds CoPS 3 and NiPS 3 for hydrogen evolution reaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:23967-23977. [PMID: 34661231 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01539g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electronic structure calculations based on density functional theory are used to identify the catalytically active sites for the hydrogen evolution reaction on single layers of the two transition metal tri-chalcogenide compounds CoPS3 and NiPS3. Some of the under-coordinated P and S atoms at the edges are found to act as the active sites, the details of which depend on the coverage of H on the electrode. Overpotentials along the two possible pathways for HER are also estimated for the two materials. These findings not only resolve an apparent discrepancy between published experimental results and our earlier calculations, but also provide insights which can be used to enhance catalytic efficiency of these materials further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khorsed Alam
- Harish-Chandra Research Institute, HBNI, Chhatnag Road, Jhunsi, Allahabad 211019, India.
| | - Tisita Das
- Harish-Chandra Research Institute, HBNI, Chhatnag Road, Jhunsi, Allahabad 211019, India.
| | - Sudip Chakraborty
- Harish-Chandra Research Institute, HBNI, Chhatnag Road, Jhunsi, Allahabad 211019, India.
| | - Prasenjit Sen
- Harish-Chandra Research Institute, HBNI, Chhatnag Road, Jhunsi, Allahabad 211019, India.
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27
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Wu X, Zhang H, Zhang J, Lou XWD. Recent Advances on Transition Metal Dichalcogenides for Electrochemical Energy Conversion. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008376. [PMID: 34405909 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) hold great promise for electrochemical energy conversion technologies in view of their unique structural features associated with the layered structure and ultrathin thickness. Because the inert basal plane accounts for the majority of a TMDC's bulk, activation of the basal plane sites is necessary to fully exploit the intrinsic potential of TMDCs. Here, recent advances on TMDCs-based hybrids/composites with greatly enhanced electrochemical activity are reviewed. After a summary of the synthesis of TMDCs with different sizes and morphologies, comprehensive in-plane activation strategies are described in detail, mainly including in-plane-modification-induced phase transformation, surface-layer modulation, and interlayer modification/coupling. Simultaneously, the underlying mechanisms for improved electrochemical activities are highlighted. Finally, the strategic evaluation on further research directions of TMDCs in-plane activation is featured. This work would shed some light on future design trends of TMDCs-based functional materials for electrochemical energy-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huabin Zhang
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiong Wen David Lou
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
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Tian L, Qiao H, Huang Z, Qi X. Li‐Ion Intercalated Exfoliated WS
2
Nanosheets with Enhanced Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Performance. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.202000165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Tian
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering Hunan Institute of Engineering Hunan 411104 P. R. China
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro‐Nano Energy Materials and Devices School of Physics and Optoelectronic Xiangtan University Hunan 411105 P. R. China
| | - Hui Qiao
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro‐Nano Energy Materials and Devices School of Physics and Optoelectronic Xiangtan University Hunan 411105 P. R. China
| | - Zongyu Huang
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro‐Nano Energy Materials and Devices School of Physics and Optoelectronic Xiangtan University Hunan 411105 P. R. China
| | - Xiang Qi
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro‐Nano Energy Materials and Devices School of Physics and Optoelectronic Xiangtan University Hunan 411105 P. R. China
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29
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Liang Q, Zhang Q, Zhao X, Liu M, Wee ATS. Defect Engineering of Two-Dimensional Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides: Applications, Challenges, and Opportunities. ACS NANO 2021; 15:2165-2181. [PMID: 33449623 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Atomic defects, being the most prevalent zero-dimensional topological defects, are ubiquitous in a wide range of 2D transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). They could be intrinsic, formed during the initial sample growth, or created by postprocessing. Despite the majority of TMDs being largely unaffected after losing chalcogen atoms in the outermost layer, a spectrum of properties, including optical, electrical, and chemical properties, can be significantly modulated, and potentially invoke applicable functionalities utilized in many applications. Hence, controlling chalcogen atomic defects provides an alternative avenue for engineering a wide range of physical and chemical properties of 2D TMDs. In this article, we review recent progress on the role of chalcogen atomic defects in engineering 2D TMDs, with a particular focus on device performance improvements. Various approaches for creating chalcogen atomic defects including nonstoichiometric synthesis and postgrowth treatment, together with their characterization and interpretation are systematically overviewed. The tailoring of optical, electrical, and magnetic properties, along with the device performance enhancement in electronic, optoelectronic, chemical sensing, biomedical, and catalytic activity are discussed in detail. Postformation dynamic evolution and repair of chalcogen atomic defects are also introduced. Finally, we offer our perspective on the challenges and opportunities in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijie Liang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551, Singapore
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Xiaoxu Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Meizhuang Liu
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551, Singapore
| | - Andrew T S Wee
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
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Yan X, Zhuang L, Zhu Z, Yao X. Defect engineering and characterization of active sites for efficient electrocatalysis. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:3327-3345. [PMID: 33564804 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08976a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalysis plays a decisive role in various energy-related applications. Engineering the active sites of electrocatalysts is an important aspect to promote their catalytic performance. In particular, defect engineering provides a feasible and efficient approach to improve the intrinsic activities and increase the number of active sites in electrocatalysts. In this review, recent investigations on defect engineering of a wide range of electrocatalysts such as metal-free carbon materials, transition metal oxides, transition metal dichalcogenides and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) will be summarized. Different defect creation strategies will be outlined, for example, heteroatom doping and removal, plasma irradiation, hydrogenation, amorphization, phase transition and reduction treatment. In addition, we will overview the commonly used advanced characterization techniques that could confirm the existence and identify the detailed structures, types and concentration of defects in electrocatalysts. The defect characterization tools are beneficial for gaining an in-depth understanding of defects on electrocatalysis and thus could reveal the structure-performance relationship. Finally, the major challenges and future development directions on defect engineering of electrocatalysts will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuecheng Yan
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia.
| | - Linzhou Zhuang
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhonghua Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Xiangdong Yao
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia.
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31
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Li X, Kou Z, Wang J. Manipulating Interfaces of Electrocatalysts Down to Atomic Scales: Fundamentals, Strategies, and Electrocatalytic Applications. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2001010. [PMID: 34927897 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202001010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Raising electrocatalysis by rationally devising catalysts plays a core role in almost all renewable energy conversion and storage systems. The principal catalytic properties can be controlled and improved well by manipulation of interfaces, ascribed to the interactions among different components/players at the interfaces. In particular, manipulating interfaces down to atomic scales is becoming increasingly attractive, not only because those atoms at around the interface are the key players during electrocatalysis, but also, understandings on the atomic level electrocatalysis allow one to gain deep insights into the reaction mechanism. With the feature down-sizing to atomic scales, there is a timely need to redefine the interfaces, as some of them have gone beyond the conventionally perceived interfacial concept. In this overview, the key active players participating in the interfacial manipulation of electrocatalysts are examined, from a new angle of "atomic interface," including those individual atoms, defects, and their interactions, together with the essential characterization techniques for them. The specific approaches and pathways to engineer better atomic interfaces are investigated, and thus to enable the unique electrocatalysis for targeted applications. Looking beyond recent progress, the challenges and prospects of the atomic level interfacial engineering are also briefly visited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
| | - Zongkui Kou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
| | - John Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
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32
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Chen S, Cui M, Yin Z, Xiong J, Mi L, Li Y. Single-Atom and Dual-Atom Electrocatalysts Derived from Metal Organic Frameworks: Current Progress and Perspectives. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:73-93. [PMID: 33089643 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted increasing research interests owing to their unique electronic structures, quantum size effects and maximum utilization rate of atoms. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are good candidates to prepare SACs owing to the atomically dispersed metal nodes in MOFs and abundant N and C species to stabilize the single atoms. In addition, the distance of adjacent metal atoms can be turned by adjusting the size of ligands and adding volatile metal centers to promote the formation of isolated metal atoms. Moreover, the diverse metal centers in MOFs can promote the preparation of dual-atom catalysts (DACs) to improve the metal loading and optimize the electronic structures of the catalysts. The applications of MOFs derived SACs and DACs for electrocatalysis, including oxygen reduction reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, hydrogen evolution reaction, carbon dioxide reduction reaction and nitrogen reduction reaction are systematically summarized in this Review. The corresponding synthesis strategies, atomic structures and electrocatalytic performances of the catalysts are discussed to provide a deep understanding of MOFs-based atomic electrocatalysts. The catalytic mechanisms of the catalysts are presented, and the crucial challenges and perspectives are proposed to promote further design and applications of atomic electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siru Chen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, P. R. China
| | - Ming Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin, 124221, P. R. China
| | - Zehao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin, 124221, P. R. China
| | - Jiabin Xiong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, P. R. China
| | - Liwei Mi
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, P. R. China
| | - Yanqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin, 124221, P. R. China
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33
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Jiang M, Fan W, Zhu A, Tan P, Xie J, Pan J. Ion-biosorption induced core–shell Fe 2P@carbon nanoparticles decorated on N, P co-doped carbon materials for the oxygen evolution reaction. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi00188d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This work employs bacteria as precursors and induces a cost-effective biosorption strategy to obtain Fe2P@carbon nanoparticles decorated on N and P co-doped carbon (Fe2P@CNPs/NPC) materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy
- Central South University Lushan South Street 932
- Changsha 410083
- China
| | - Wei Fan
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering
- Central South University Lushan South Street 932
- Changsha 410083
- China
| | - Anquan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy
- Central South University Lushan South Street 932
- Changsha 410083
- China
| | - Pengfei Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy
- Central South University Lushan South Street 932
- Changsha 410083
- China
| | - Jianping Xie
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering
- Central South University Lushan South Street 932
- Changsha 410083
- China
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy
| | - Jun Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy
- Central South University Lushan South Street 932
- Changsha 410083
- China
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Scalable and low-cost fabrication of hydrophobic PVDF/WS 2 porous membrane for highly efficient solar steam generation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 588:369-377. [PMID: 33422785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.12.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Solar steam generation based on the light-to-heat conversion via photothermal materials has been considered as one of emerged technologies for utilizing solar energy to produce clean water. Here, a hydrophobic PVDF/WS2 porous membrane for highly efficient solar steam generation was prepared by a scalable and low-cost method. The WS2 photothermal materials were fabricated through a simple ball milling, and then a non-solvent induced phase inversion method was used to fabricate the porous PVDF/WS2 membrane. The PVDF/WS2 evaporator could absorb the sunlight of 90.58% from UV to NIR region due to the multiscattering of the porous structure and the synergistic effect of WS2 and seawater. Moreover, the PVDF/WS2 evaporator exhibits the hydrophobic properties. Taking the advantages mentioned above, our evaporator could manifest the evaporation rate of 4.15 kgm-2h-1 with the solar thermal efficiency of 94.2% under 3 sun irradiation, as well as an outstanding durability upon continuous running. Also, the evaporator shows both the excellent seawater desalination and sewage treatment ability. Outdoor experiments illustrate that the evaporator has practical applications under a natural sunlight condition. The numerous advantages of our PVDF/WS2 evaporator, including the high solar-thermal efficiency, the outstanding durability, and the simple and scalable manufacture process, may provide a potential photothermal material for the commercial solar desalination application and wastewater treatment.
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Wang R, Han J, Yang B, Wang X, Zhang X, Song B. Defect Engineering in Metastable Phases of Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides for Electrochemical Applications. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:3961-3972. [PMID: 32865315 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Metastable metallic phases of transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD) nanomaterials have displayed excellent performance and emerged as promising candidates for sustainable energy sources low-cost storage and conversion because of their two-dimensional (2D) layered structures and extraordinary physicochemical properties. In order to broaden the range of potential applications, defect engineering is applied to the metastable phases of TMDs for further improvement of their catalytic and electronic properties. According to some recent studies, effective introduction of defects without perturbing the interior conductivity contributes to the development of metastable TMDs. This review provides deep insights into recent progress in electrochemistry using defect engineering in the metastable phases of TMDs. After introducing the structures of metastable phases and methods for defect construction, significant developments in catalysis and energy storage applications are discussed to elucidate structure-function relationships. Key challenges and future directions for defect engineering in the metastable phases of TMDs are also highlighted in the conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Jiecai Han
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- China Institute of Marine Technology and Economy, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xianjie Wang
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Xinghong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Bo Song
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
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Hussain S, Rabani I, Vikraman D, Feroze A, Ali M, Seo YS, Kim HS, Chun SH, Jung J. One-Pot Synthesis of W 2C/WS 2 Hybrid Nanostructures for Improved Hydrogen Evolution Reactions and Supercapacitors. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1597. [PMID: 32823986 PMCID: PMC7466642 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tungsten sulfide (WS2) and tungsten carbide (W2C) are materialized as the auspicious candidates for various electrochemical applications, owing to their plentiful active edge sites and better conductivity. In this work, the integration of W2C and WS2 was performed by using a simple chemical reaction to form W2C/WS2 hybrid as a proficient electrode for hydrogen evolution and supercapacitors. For the first time, a W2C/WS2 hybrid was engaged as a supercapacitor electrode and explored an incredible specific capacitance of ~1018 F g-1 at 1 A g-1 with the outstanding robustness. Furthermore, the constructed symmetric supercapacitor using W2C/WS2 possessed an energy density of 45.5 Wh kg-1 at 0.5 kW kg-1 power density. For hydrogen evolution, the W2C/WS2 hybrid produced the low overpotentials of 133 and 105 mV at 10 mA cm-2 with the small Tafel slopes of 70 and 84 mV dec-1 in acidic and alkaline media, respectively, proving their outstanding interfaced electrocatalytic characteristics. The engineered W2C/WS2-based electrode offered the high-performance for electrochemical energy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Hussain
- Hybrid Materials Center (HMC), Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea;
- Department of Nano and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; (I.R.); (Y.-S.S.)
| | - Iqra Rabani
- Department of Nano and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; (I.R.); (Y.-S.S.)
| | - Dhanasekaran Vikraman
- Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea; (D.V.); (H.-S.K.)
| | - Asad Feroze
- Department of Physics, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; (A.F.); (S.-H.C.)
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Center of Research Excellence in Nanotechnology (CENT), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Young-Soo Seo
- Department of Nano and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; (I.R.); (Y.-S.S.)
| | - Hyun-Seok Kim
- Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea; (D.V.); (H.-S.K.)
| | - Seung-Hyun Chun
- Department of Physics, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; (A.F.); (S.-H.C.)
| | - Jongwan Jung
- Hybrid Materials Center (HMC), Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea;
- Department of Nano and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea; (I.R.); (Y.-S.S.)
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37
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Pang QQ, Niu ZL, Yi SS, Zhang S, Liu ZY, Yue XZ. Hydrogen-Etched Bifunctional Sulfur-Defect-Rich ReS 2 /CC Electrocatalyst for Highly Efficient HER and OER. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2003007. [PMID: 32686340 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202003007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The design on synthesizing a sturdy, low-cost, clean, and sustainable electrocatalyst, as well as achieving high performance with low overpotential and good durability toward water splitting, is fairly vital in environmental and energy-related subject. Herein, for the first time the growth of sulfur (S) defect engineered self-supporting array electrode composed of metallic Re and ReS2 nanosheets on carbon cloth (referred as Re/ReS2 /CC) via a facile hydrothermal method and the following thermal treatment with H2 /N2 flow is reported. It is expected that, for example, the as-prepared Re/ReS2 -7H/CC for the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) under acidic medium affords a quite low overpotential of 42 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm-2 and a very small Tafel slope of 36 mV decade-1 , which are comparable to some of the promising HER catalysts. Furthermore, in the two-electrode system, a small cell voltage of 1.30 V is recorded under alkaline condition. Characterizations and density functional theory results expound that the introduced S defects in Re/ReS2 -7H/CC can offer abundant active sites to advantageously capture electron, enhance the electron transport capacity, and weaken the adsorption free energy of H* at the active sites, being responsible for its superior electrocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Pang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhu-Lin Niu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Sha-Sha Yi
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhong-Yi Liu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xin-Zheng Yue
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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Han W, Liu Z, Pan Y, Guo G, Zou J, Xia Y, Peng Z, Li W, Dong A. Designing Champion Nanostructures of Tungsten Dichalcogenides for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002584. [PMID: 32491265 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fine-tuning strain and vacancies in 2H-phase transition-metal dichalcogenides, although extremely challenging, is crucial for activating the inert basal plane for boosting the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Here, atomically curved 2H-WS2 nanosheets with precisely tunable strain and sulfur vacancies (S-vacancies) along with rich edge sites are synthesized via a one-step approach by harnessing geometric constraints. The approach is based on the confined epitaxy growth of WS2 in ordered mesoporous graphene derived from nanocrystal superlattices. The spherical curvature imposed by the graphitic mesopores enables the generation of uniform strain and S-vacancies in the as-grown WS2 nanosheets, and simultaneous manipulation of these two key parameters can be realized by simply adjusting the pore size. In addition, the formation of unique mesoporous WS2 @graphene van der Waals heterostructures ensures the ready access of active sites. Fine-tuning the WS2 layer number, strain, and S-vacancies enables arguably the best-performing HER 2H-WS2 electrocatalysts ever reported. Density functional theory calculations indicate that compared with strain, S-vacancies play a more critical role in enhancing the HER activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Han
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zihan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yanbo Pan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Guannan Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jinxiang Zou
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yan Xia
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhenmeng Peng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Angang Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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Yang H, He Q, Liu Y, Li H, Zhang H, Zhai T. On-chip electrocatalytic microdevice: an emerging platform for expanding the insight into electrochemical processes. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:2916-2936. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00601j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This comprehensive summary of on-chip electrocatalytic microdevices will expand the insight into electrochemical processes, ranging from dynamic exploration to performance optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Qiyuan He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- City University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Youwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Huiqiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM)
| | - Tianyou Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
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