1
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Wang S, Yin H, Li Y, Du Z, Zhang YM, Zhang SXA. Spectrum Reconstruction Model Based on Multispectral Electrochromic Devices. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2400979. [PMID: 38994880 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Reconstructing the visible spectra of real objects is critical to the spectral camouflage from emerging spectral imaging. Electrochromic materials exhibit unique superiority for this goal due to their subtractive color-mixing model and structural diversity. Herein, a simulation model is proposed and a method is developed to fabricate electrochromic devices for dynamically reproducing the visible spectrum of the natural leaf. Over 20 kinds of pH-dependent leuco dyes have been synthesized/prepared through molecular engineering and offered available spectra/bands to reconstruct the spectrum of the natural leaf. More importantly, the spectral variance between the device and leaf is optimized from an initial 98.9 to an ideal 10.3 through the simulation model, which means, the similarity increased nearly nine-fold. As a promising spectrum reconstruction approach, it will promote the development of smart photoelectric materials in adaptive camouflage, spectral display, high-end encryption, and anti-counterfeiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Hang Yin
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Du
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Mo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Sean Xiao-An Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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2
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Li J, Cui J, Lv X, Zhang L, Xia M, Dong J, Ouyang M, Zhang C. Dual Polymer Complementarity Induced Truly Black Electrochromic Film and the Construction of Intelligent Eye-Protection Filters. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:53984-53995. [PMID: 37934922 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a new strategy to achieve a truly black electrochromic film and develop available intelligent eye-protection filters with "day mode" and "night mode", promising to minimize the harmful effects of light on eyes. The soluble red-to-transparent electrochromic polymer P1 was constructed using quinacridone as the basic unit and introduced dual-donor proDOT and DTC units with similar electron-donating capabilities. The beneficial broader absorption associated with the dual-donor in P1 results in ideal spectrum complementarity with P2 (cyan-to-transparent) in the visible region (380-780 nm). In addition to complementary colors, both polymers exhibit good compatibility with respect to electrochemical and electrochromic properties. Therefore, a P1/P2 film with a mass ratio of 1:1.5 for blending is preferred to obtain truly black color with fast switching time and good cyclic stability. Furthermore, an electrochromic device for intelligent eye-protection filters was designed and assembled with the P1/P2 film as the electrochromic layer and P3 featuring a yellow (antiblue ray)-to-dark gray color change as the ion storage layer. The assembled prototype electrochromic device demonstrated promising applications in intelligent day-night optical adjustment for eye-protection filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Jiankun Cui
- International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Lv
- International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Minao Xia
- International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Juncheng Dong
- International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Mi Ouyang
- International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
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3
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Wang J, Zhu R, Gao Y, Jia Y, Cai G. Unveiling the Multistep Electrochemical Desorption Mechanism of Cubic NiO Films for Transmissive-to-Black Electrochromic Energy Storage Devices. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:2284-2291. [PMID: 36826414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Electrochromic smart windows offer dynamic control of sunshine and solar heat in modern architecture. Yet, how to obtain aesthetically pleasing color tuning states such as gray and black is a great challenge, and the corresponding desorption mechanism in electrochromism is still not well understood. Here, we report one transmissive-to-black NiO electrochromic film assembled by a facile and low-cost electrostatic spray technology, which achieves ultralarge optical modulation, high coloration efficiency, and remarkable energy storage capacity. By in-depth experimental analyses and the first-principle calculations, multistep electrochemical desorption mechanisms of OH- and electrochromic switching kinetics of the NiO film were unveiled. Additionally, the assembled NiO film-based smart energy storage indicator can visually display its energy storage level in real time. Our obtained NiO films and subsequent devices can serve as potential candidates in a broad range of innovative electrochromic applications including multifunctional smart windows, energy-efficient displays, energy-storage indicators, electronic labels, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yu Jia
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- International Laboratory for Quantum Functional Materials of Henan and School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Guofa Cai
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
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4
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Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Triphenylamine-Containing Electrochromic Polyimides with Benzimidazole Substituents. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052029. [PMID: 36903276 PMCID: PMC10004704 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Two novel electrochromic aromatic polyimides (named as TPA-BIA-PI and TPA-BIB-PI, respectively) with pendent benzimidazole group were synthesized from 1,2-Diphenyl-N,N'-di-4-aminophenyl-5-amino-benzimidazole and 4-Amino-4'-aminophenyl-4″-1-phenyl-benzimidazolyl-phenyl-aniline with 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropane) phthalic anhydride (6FDA) via two-step polymerization process, respectively. Then, polyimide films were prepared on ITO-conductive glass by electrostatic spraying, and their electrochromic properties were studied. The results showed that due to the π-π* transitions, the maximum UV-Vis absorption bands of TPA-BIA-PI and TPA-BIB-PI films were located at about 314 nm and 346 nm, respectively. A pair of reversible redox peaks of TPA-BIA-PI and TPA-BIB-PI films that were associated with noticeable color changed from original yellow to dark blue and green were observed in the cyclic voltammetry (CV) test. With increasing voltage, new absorption peaks of TPA-BIA-PI and TPA-BIB-PI films emerged at 755 nm and 762 nm, respectively. The switching/bleaching times of TPA-BIA-PI and TPA-BIB-PI films were 13 s/16 s and 13.9 s/9.5 s, respectively, showing that these polyimides can be used as novel electrochromic materials.
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5
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Wang X, Zhang L, Shi X, Xiao S, Xiao D. A Propylpyridinyl Triazine Salt for Dual‐band Electrochromic Devices with Response Accelerated by Sulfonyl Group. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Debao Xiao
- Nanjing Tech University IAM Xinmofan Road 211816 Nanjing CHINA
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6
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Han F, Wang T, Liu G, Liu H, Xie X, Wei Z, Li J, Jiang C, He Y, Xu F. Materials with Tunable Optical Properties for Wearable Epidermal Sensing in Health Monitoring. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2109055. [PMID: 35258117 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Advances in wearable epidermal sensors have revolutionized the way that physiological signals are captured and measured for health monitoring. One major challenge is to convert physiological signals to easily readable signals in a convenient way. One possibility for wearable epidermal sensors is based on visible readouts. There are a range of materials whose optical properties can be tuned by parameters such as temperature, pH, light, and electric fields. Herein, this review covers and highlights a set of materials with tunable optical properties and their integration into wearable epidermal sensors for health monitoring. Specifically, the recent progress, fabrication, and applications of these materials for wearable epidermal sensors are summarized and discussed. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for the next generation wearable devices are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Han
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Tiansong Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Guozhen Liu
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, P. R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xueyong Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Jiang
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Yuan He
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, P. R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
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7
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Chromism-Integrated Sensors and Devices for Visual Indicators. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22114288. [PMID: 35684910 PMCID: PMC9185273 DOI: 10.3390/s22114288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The bifunctionality of chromism-integrated sensors and devices has been highlighted because of their reversibility, fast response, and visual indication. For example, one of the representative chromism electrochromic materials exhibits optical modulation under ion insertion/extraction by applying a potential. This operation mechanism can be integrated with various sensors (pressure, strain, biomolecules, gas, etc.) and devices (energy conversion/storage systems) as visual indicators for user-friendly operation. In this review, recent advances in the field of chromism-integrated systems for visual indicators are categorized for various chromism-integrated sensors and devices. This review can provide insights for researchers working on chromism, sensors, or devices. The integrated chromic devices are evaluated in terms of coloration-bleach operation, cycling stability, and coloration efficiency. In addition, the existing challenges and prospects for chromism-integrated sensors and devices are summarized for further research.
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8
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Guzel M, Ha SR, Choi H, Ak M. Rational design of an “all-in-one” monomer to obtain black-to-highly transmissive electrochromic polymer. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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9
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Österholm AM, Nhon L, Shen DE, Dejneka AM, Tomlinson AL, Reynolds JR. Conquering residual light absorption in the transmissive states of organic electrochromic materials. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:252-260. [PMID: 34635899 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01136g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this short review, we provide an overview of our efforts in developing a family of anodically coloring electrochromic (EC) molecules that are fully transparent and colorless in the charge neutral state, and that can rapidly switch to a vibrantly colored state upon oxidation. We employ molecules with reduced conjugation lengths to center the neutral state absorption of the electrochrome in the ultraviolet, as desired for highly transparent and colorless materials. Oxidation creates radical cations that absorb light in the visible and near infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, thus providing a host of accessible colors. Combining a density functional theory (DFT) computational approach fed back to the synthetic effort, target molecules are proposed, synthesized and studied, directing us to develop a complete color palette based on these high contrast ACE molecules. Utilizing pendant phosphonic acid binding substituents in concert with high surface area mesoporous indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes, the electrochromes can be distributed throughout the oxide film, bringing high extent of light absorption and color density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Österholm
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
| | - Linda Nhon
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
| | - D Eric Shen
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
| | - Abigail M Dejneka
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
| | - Aimée L Tomlinson
- Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry, University of North Georgia, Dahlonega, Georgia 30597, USA
| | - John R Reynolds
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
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10
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Nhon L, Wilkins R, Reynolds JR, Tomlinson A. Guiding synthetic targets of anodically coloring electrochromes through density functional theory. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:054110. [PMID: 33557540 DOI: 10.1063/5.0039511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochromic devices offer many technological applications, including flexible displays, dimmable mirrors, and energy-efficient windows. Additionally, adsorbing electrochromic molecular assemblies onto mesoporous metal-oxide surfaces facilitates commercial and manufacturing potential (i.e., screen-printing and/or roll-to-roll processing). These systems also demonstrate synthetic versatility, thus making a wide array of colors accessible. In this work, using Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT), we investigated ten different bi-aryl type molecules of 3,4-ethylendioxythiophene (EDOT) conjugated to various phenyl derivatives as potential anodically coloring electrochromes (ACEs). The non-substituted phenylene, hexylthiol-EDOT-phenyl-phosphonic acid, PA1, was synthesized and characterized as a means of model validity. PA1 absorbs in the UV region in its neutral state and upon oxidation absorbs within the visible, hence showcasing its potential as an ACE chromophore. The properties of PA1 inspired the designs of the other nine structural derivatives where the number and position of methoxy groups on the phenylene were varied. Using our DFT treatment, we assessed the impact of these modifications on the electronic structures, geometries, and excited-state properties. In particular, we examined stabilization intermolecular interactions (S-O and O-H) as they aid in molecule planarization, thus facilitating charge transport properties in devices. Additionally, destabilizing O-O forces were observed, thereby making some chromophores less desirable. A detailed excited state analysis was performed, which linked the simulated UV-Vis spectra to the dominant excited state transitions and their corresponding molecular orbitals. Based on these results, the nine chromophores were ranked ergo providing an ordered list of synthetic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Nhon
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Riley Wilkins
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Georgia, Dahlonega, Georgia 30597, USA
| | - John R Reynolds
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Aimée Tomlinson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Georgia, Dahlonega, Georgia 30597, USA
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11
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Sun N, Su K, Zhou Z, Wang D, Fery A, Lissel F, Zhao X, Chen C. “Colorless-to-Black” Electrochromic and AIE-Active Polyamides: An Effective Strategy for the Highest-Contrast Electrofluorochromism. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ningwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
- Leibniz Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V, Dresden D-01069, Germany
| | - Kaixin Su
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Ziwei Zhou
- Leibniz Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V, Dresden D-01069, Germany
| | - Daming Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Andreas Fery
- Leibniz Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V, Dresden D-01069, Germany
| | - Franziska Lissel
- Leibniz Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V, Dresden D-01069, Germany
| | - Xiaogang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Chunhai Chen
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
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Kim Y, Ohmagari H, Saso A, Tamaoki N, Hasegawa M. Electrofluorochromic Device Based on a Redox-Active Europium(III) Complex. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:46390-46396. [PMID: 32931242 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c13765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Electrofluorochromism owing to redox reactions on the center europium (Eu) ion in ionic liquids is examined for the helicate complexes (abbreviated as EuL) with a hexadentate pyridine derivative. Typical electrofluorochromism requires extra electroactive units complementing intra- or intermolecular energy transfer to quench fluorophores. Herein, an unprecedentedly simplified electrofluorochromic system overcoming such issues is demonstrated by utilizing reversible electrochemistry of EuL between Eu3+ and Eu2+, which accompanies large emission transition. A three-electrode electrochemical switching device is facilely prepared with an ionic liquid [BMIM][PF6] and EuL mixture. Benefiting from the stable helical coordinated structure of the ligand in [BMIM][PF6], highly enhanced red fluorescence of EuL with small quantity (≤1 wt %) is utilized. Rapid response and large contrast of luminescence are achieved: the emission is drastically quenched at the reduced state (Eu2+) and it is successfully restored by subsequent oxidation (Eu3+). The reversible fluctuation of excitation and emission spectra of an electrofluorochromic device is achieved in the potential window within ±2 V. The device affords excellent optoelectric properties in terms of well-controlled luminescence switching depending on the applied potentials and its durability. This work paves an efficient and smart way toward Eu luminescence control in optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Kim
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N-20, W-10, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hitomi Ohmagari
- College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Akira Saso
- College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tamaoki
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N-20, W-10, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Miki Hasegawa
- College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
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13
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Hao S, Sun X, Zhang H, Zhai J, Dong S. Recent development of biofuel cell based self-powered biosensors. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:3393-3407. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02428j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BFC-based SPBs have been used as power sources for other devices and as sensors for detecting toxicity and BOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Xiaoxuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - He Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Junfeng Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Shaojun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
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14
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Christiansen DT, Tomlinson AL, Reynolds JR. New Design Paradigm for Color Control in Anodically Coloring Electrochromic Molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:3859-3862. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b01507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan T. Christiansen
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Aimée L. Tomlinson
- Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry, University of North Georgia, Dahlonega, Georgia 30597, United States
| | - John R. Reynolds
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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15
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Zhang X, Lu Q, Yang C, Zhao S, Wang Y, Zhang W, Niu H, Zhao P, Wang W, Fan J. Multifunctional polyurethanes synthesized from different triarylamine units with electrochromic, photogeneration, memory storage and sensing properties. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj05159c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report three multifunctional polyurethane materials, which exhibit excellent electrochromic, photoelectric, memory and sensing properties, and also have good mechanical properties.
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16
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Stekovic D, Itkis ME. Phenalenyl based neutral radical as a novel electrochromic material modulating visible to short-wave infrared light. RSC Adv 2018; 8:42068-42072. [PMID: 35558773 PMCID: PMC9092086 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09804b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Applications for energy saving smart windows require materials which can switch from transmissive to black states in both the visible and short-wave IR range. We introduce an electrochromic phenalenyl based neutral radical small molecule and design devices capable of modulating light in both of these ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Stekovic
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside California 92521 USA .,Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University of California Riverside California 92521 USA
| | - Mikhail E Itkis
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside California 92521 USA .,Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University of California Riverside California 92521 USA.,Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California Riverside California 92521 USA
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17
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Christiansen DT, Reynolds JR. A Fruitful Usage of a Dialkylthiophene Comonomer for Redox Stable Wide-Gap Cathodically Coloring Electrochromic Polymers. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan T. Christiansen
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - John R. Reynolds
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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18
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Hao L, Wang W, Niu H, Zhou Y. Color combination of polysiloxane polymer by introducing two different triphenylamine based pendent groups for electrochromism. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Hao
- School of Material Science and Engineering; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin, 150080 People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Wang
- School of Material Science and Engineering; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin, 150080 People's Republic of China
| | - Haijun Niu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, School of Chemical, Chemical Engineering and Materials; Heilongjiang University; Harbin 150086 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhou
- School of Material Science and Engineering; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin, 150080 People's Republic of China
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19
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He Y, Zhang F, Zhang Q, Dong G, Zhong X, Diao X. High capacity and performance lithium based electrochromic device via amorphous tantalum oxide protective layer. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.05.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Isapour G, Lattuada M. Bioinspired Stimuli-Responsive Color-Changing Systems. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1707069. [PMID: 29700857 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201707069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive colors are a unique characteristic of certain animals, evolved as either a method to hide from enemies and prey or to communicate their presence to rivals or mates. From a material science perspective, the solutions developed by Mother Nature to achieve these effects are a source of inspiration to scientists for decades. Here, an updated overview of the literature on bioinspired stimuli-responsive color-changing systems is provided. Starting from natural systems, which are the source of inspiration, a classification of the different solutions proposed is given, based on the stimuli used to trigger the color-changing effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golnaz Isapour
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Marco Lattuada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
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21
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Higginbotham H, Czichy M, Sharma B, Shaikh A, Kamble R, Data P. Electrochemically synthesised xanthone-cored conjugated polymers as materials for electrochromic windows. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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22
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Liang Z, Yukikawa M, Nakamura K, Kobayashi N. A novel organic electrochromic device with hybrid capacitor architecture towards multicolour representation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:19892-19899. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02274g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A multicolour novel electrochromic device containing both anodic and cathodic EC materials was fabricated with the simple hybrid capacitor architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Liang
- Department of Materials Science
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Chiba University
- Chiba
- Japan
| | - Masahiro Yukikawa
- Department of Materials Science
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Chiba University
- Chiba
- Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakamura
- Department of Materials Science
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Chiba University
- Chiba
- Japan
| | - Norihisa Kobayashi
- Department of Materials Science
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Chiba University
- Chiba
- Japan
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23
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Li W, Ning J, Yin Y, Xing X, Qi M, Li T, Cao J, He Y, Perepichka IF, Meng H. Thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-based conjugated copolymers for solution-processable neutral black electrochromism. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01208c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Two neutral black copolymers were prepared by employing PTTPh or PTTTh as complementary segments to supplement the absorption deficiency from PTTBT.
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24
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Christiansen DT, Wheeler DL, Tomlinson AL, Reynolds JR. Electrochromism of alkylene-linked discrete chromophore polymers with broad radical cation light absorption. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00385h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper details the theoretical calculations, synthesis, and electrochromism of polymeric materials consisting of conjugated chromophores separated by nonconjugated linkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan T. Christiansen
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics
- Georgia Tech Polymer Network
- Georgia Institute of Technology
| | - David L. Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry
- University of North Georgia
- Dahlonega
- USA
| | - Aimée L. Tomlinson
- Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry
- University of North Georgia
- Dahlonega
- USA
| | - John R. Reynolds
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics
- Georgia Tech Polymer Network
- Georgia Institute of Technology
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25
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Liang X, Chen M, Guo S, Zhang L, Li F, Yang H. Dual-Band Modulation of Visible and Near-Infrared Light Transmittance in an All-Solution-Processed Hybrid Micro-Nano Composite Film. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:40810-40819. [PMID: 29094919 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b11582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Smart windows with controllable visible and near-infrared light transmittance can significantly improve the building's energy efficiency and inhabitant comfort. However, most of the current smart window technology cannot achieve the target of ideal solar control. Herein, we present a novel all-solution-processed hybrid micronano composite smart material that have four optical states to separately modulate the visible and NIR light transmittance through voltage and temperature, respectively. This dual-band optical modulation was achieved by constructing a phase-separated polymer framework, which contains the microsized liquid crystals domains with a negative dielectric constant and tungsten-doped vanadium dioxide (W-VO2) nanocrystals (NCs). The film with 2.5 wt % W-VO2 NCs exhibits transparency at normal condition, and the passage of visible light can be reversibly and actively regulated between 60.8% and 1.3% by external applied voltage. Also, the transmittance of NIR light can be reversibly and passively modulated between 59.4% and 41.2% by temperature. Besides, the film also features easy all-solution processability, fast electro-optical (E-O) response time, high mechanical strength, and long-term stability. The as-prepared film provides new opportunities for next-generation smart window technology, and the proposed strategy is conductive to engineering novel hybrid inorganic-organic functional matters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Shumeng Guo
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanying Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Fasheng Li
- Department of Chemistry, Dalian Medical University , Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Huai Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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26
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Zaier M, Vidal L, Hajjar-Garreau S, Balan L. Generating highly reflective and conductive metal layers through a light-assisted synthesis and assembling of silver nanoparticles in a polymer matrix. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12410. [PMID: 28963491 PMCID: PMC5622138 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12617-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of metalized surfaces exhibiting mirror properties and/or electric conductivity without heavy equipments and with low metal charge is a big challenge in view of many industrial applications. We report herein on the photo-assembling of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in a polymer matrix, carried out within minutes from an acrylate monomer and silver nitrate at room temperature, under air and without any solvents. The top surface of the material gets converted into a continuous silver thin film and a depthwise concentration gradient of AgNPs is created in the polymer, which images the absorption profile of the actinic UV light in the reactive formulation. This specific assembling of the silver@polymer coating induces excellent reflective and conductive properties. The conductance was observed to strongly increase with increasing the exposure from 3 to 30 min due to the formation of a more and more compact metal film. This coating strategy works with a variety of substrates (textile, paper, glass, wood, plastic and stainless steel). Moreover, on flexible surfaces such as textile, the flexibility was preserved. The possibility to use this kind of nanomaterial as a printing ink, with a much lower metal concentration (3 to 5 wt.%) than concurrent inks, was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Zaier
- CNRS, Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, UMR 7361, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057, Mulhouse, France
| | - Loïc Vidal
- CNRS, Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, UMR 7361, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057, Mulhouse, France
| | - Samar Hajjar-Garreau
- CNRS, Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, UMR 7361, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057, Mulhouse, France
| | - Lavinia Balan
- CNRS, Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, UMR 7361, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057, Mulhouse, France.
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27
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Park C, Na J, Kim E. Cross Stacking of Nanopatterned PEDOT Films for Use as Soft Electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:28802-28809. [PMID: 28800216 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cross stacking of nanopatterned conductive polymer film was explored using a sacrificial soft template made of nanopatterned polystyrene (PS) film as a guide for nanopatterned conductive polymer film. For use as a conductive film, the PS pattern was filled with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), and then completely removed, to generate single-patterned PEDOT (SPDOT) film having a conductivity of 1079 S/cm, which was comparable to the pristine unpatterned PEDOT (UPDOT) film on a glass slide. SPDOT layers were stacked across each other to form double-layered (DPDOT) and multiple-layered patterned PEDOT film on a glass slide or polymeric substrate. The patterned PEDOT film showed enhanced optical and electrochemical activity; specifically as compared to the UPDOT film on a glass slide, the DPDOT film showed an increase in reflectance and an enhanced electrochemically active surface by 23.4% and 32.8%, respectively. The patterned PEDOT film on a polymer substrate showed high bendability up to being completely folded and maintained its conductivity for over 10 000 cycles of bending. The patterned PEDOT layers were applied to dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) as a transparent conductive oxide (TCO)-free counter electrode. An N719-based DSSC with a DPDOT film recorded a photoconversion efficiency of 7.54%, which is one of the highest values among the TCO-free DSSCs based on a PEDOT counter electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihyun Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Jongbeom Na
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Eunkyoung Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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28
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Grafting triphenylamine groups onto polysiloxanes to improve interaction between the electrochromic films and ITO. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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29
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Park C, Na J, Han M, Kim E. Transparent Electrochemical Gratings from a Patterned Bistable Silver Mirror. ACS NANO 2017; 11:6977-6984. [PMID: 28618217 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b02294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Silver mirror patterns were formed reversibly on a polystyrene (PS)-patterned electrode to produce gratings through the electrochemical reduction of silver ions. The electrochemical gratings exhibited high transparency (T > 95%), similar to a see-through window, by matching the refractive index of the grating pattern with the surrounding medium. The gratings switch to a diffractive state upon the formation of a mirror pattern (T < 5%) with a high diffraction efficiency up to 40%, providing reversible diffractive gratings. The diffraction state was maintained in the voltage-off state (V-off) for 40 min, which demonstrated bistable reversible electrochemical grating (BREG) behavior. By carefully combining the BREGs through period matching, dual-color switching was achieved within the full color region, which exhibited three distinct optical switching states between -2.5, 0, and +2.5 V. The wide range of light tenability using the metallic BREGs developed herein enabled IR modulation, NIR light reflection, and on-demand heat transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihyun Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jongbeom Na
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Minsu Han
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Eunkyoung Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
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30
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Conducting polymers revisited: applications in energy, electrochromism and molecular recognition. J Solid State Electrochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-017-3556-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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31
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Xie H, Wang M, Kong L, Zhang Y, Ju X, Zhao J. The optimization of donor-to-acceptor feed ratios with the aim of obtaining black-to-transmissive switching polymers based on isoindigo as the electron-deficient moiety. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28865k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The polymers based on isoindigo, thiophene and ProDOT were synthesized and characterized. Black to transmissive polymers were obtained by controlling the feed ratios of the units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Xie
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- P. R. China
| | - Min Wang
- Liaocheng People's Hospital
- Liaocheng
- China
| | - Lingqian Kong
- Dongchang College
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- P. R. China
| | - Xiuping Ju
- Dongchang College
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- P. R. China
| | - Jinsheng Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- P. R. China
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32
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Alesanco Y, Viñuales A, Cabañero G, Rodriguez J, Tena-Zaera R. Colorless to Neutral Color Electrochromic Devices Based on Asymmetric Viologens. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:29619-29627. [PMID: 27723968 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b11321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Electrochromic materials have extensively been investigated because of their potential fields of application, with a significant growing interest in expanding the provided colorations. However, among all palette of colors, colorless electrochromic devices (ECDs) that provide neutral-grayish colorations with a simple configuration remain a key challenge. The present study reports on the synthesis of asymmetrically 1-alkyl-1'-aryl-substituted viologens and their incorporation in PVA-borax gel polyelectrolytes for ECDs that constitute the simplest device architecture (glass/TCO/EC gel/TCO/glass). We demonstrate herein that these EC gels based on single asymmetric viologens provide more neutral-colored state than their corresponding symmetric viologens (a* and b* ≤ |15|), while maintaining satisfactory colorless bleached state (%Tb > 70% in the whole visible range), transmittance changes (i.e., ∼60%) and cyclability (i.e., ∼15 000 cycles). Additionally, the effect of the solvent on the observed coloration has also been investigated. This easy-to-make neutral-grayish color ECDs may significantly extend the potential of the electrochromic technology, because they adapt better aesthetically to the surrounding environment, as they are easier to implement in different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Alesanco
- IK4-CIDETEC Research Center , Paseo Miramón 196, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ana Viñuales
- IK4-CIDETEC Research Center , Paseo Miramón 196, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Germán Cabañero
- IK4-CIDETEC Research Center , Paseo Miramón 196, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Javier Rodriguez
- IK4-CIDETEC Research Center , Paseo Miramón 196, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ramón Tena-Zaera
- IK4-CIDETEC Research Center , Paseo Miramón 196, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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33
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Alesanco Y, Viñuales A, Palenzuela J, Odriozola I, Cabañero G, Rodriguez J, Tena-Zaera R. Multicolor Electrochromics: Rainbow-Like Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:14795-14801. [PMID: 27206084 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b01911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive reversible coloration-change materials represent a highly demanded type of smart systems useful for a wide variety of applications, with a significant growing interest in multicolor abilities. In particular, electrochromic materials have received a great deal of attention due to their versatility and broad range of industrial uses. However, most of the existing electrochromic technologies provide a single coloration, while achieving multiple colors based on simple approaches remains a challenge. The present article reports on PVA gel-based electrochromic devices, containing a single viologen, providing a colorless and two different well-defined colored states. The successful fabrication of a device, based on two viologens (multi-EC gel) with a simple architecture (glass/TCO/multi-EC gel/TCO/glass), with five different multiswitchable colors based on four-zoned electrodes (rainbow-like ECD) is also demonstrated. This novel easy-to-make multichromic system represents a significant breakthrough toward the generation of full-color devices, expanding the potential of electrochromic technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Alesanco
- IK4-CIDETEC Research Center, Paseo Miramón 196, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ana Viñuales
- IK4-CIDETEC Research Center, Paseo Miramón 196, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jesús Palenzuela
- IK4-CIDETEC Research Center, Paseo Miramón 196, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ibon Odriozola
- IK4-CIDETEC Research Center, Paseo Miramón 196, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Germán Cabañero
- IK4-CIDETEC Research Center, Paseo Miramón 196, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Javier Rodriguez
- IK4-CIDETEC Research Center, Paseo Miramón 196, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ramón Tena-Zaera
- IK4-CIDETEC Research Center, Paseo Miramón 196, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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34
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Kao SY, Lu HC, Kung CW, Chen HW, Chang TH, Ho KC. Thermally Cured Dual Functional Viologen-Based All-in-One Electrochromic Devices with Panchromatic Modulation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:4175-4184. [PMID: 26807824 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b11947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Vinyl benzyl viologen (VBV) was synthesized and utilized to obtain all-in-one thermally cured electrochromic devices (ECDs). The vinyl moiety of VBV monomer could react with methyl methacrylate (MMA) to yield bulky VBV/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) chains and even cross-linked network without the assistance of additional cross-linker. Both the bulky VBV/PMMA chains and the resulting polymer network can hinder the aggregation of the viologens and reduce the possibility of dimerization, rendering enhanced cycling stability. Large transmittance changes (ΔT) over 60% at both 570 and 615 nm were achieved when the VBV-based ECD was switched from 0 V to a low potential bias of 0.5 V. Ultimately, the dual functional of VBV molecules, serving simultaneously as a promising electrochromic material and a cross-linker, is fully utilized in the proposed electrochromic system, making its fabrication process much easier. Negligible decays in ΔT at both wavelengths were observed for the cured ECD after being subjected to 1000 repetitive cycles, while 17.1% and 22.0% decays were noticed at 570 and 615 nm, respectively, for the noncured ECD. In addition, the low voltage-driven feature of the VBV-based ECD enables it to be incorporated with phenyl viologen (PV), further expanding the absorption range of the ECD. Panchromatic characteristic of the proposed PV/VBV-based ECD was demonstrated while exhibiting ΔT over 60% at both wavelengths. Only 5.3% and 6.9% decays, corresponding at 570 and 615 nm, respectively, were observed in the PV/VBV-based ECD after 10 000 continuous cycles at bleaching/coloring voltages of 0/0.5 V with an interval of 10 s for both bleaching and coloring processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yuan Kao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Che Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Wei Kung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Wei Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chuan Ho
- Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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35
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Wang C, Wang M, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Fu C. A new electrochromic copolymer which switched between neutral black and oxidized transmissive. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12596d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new type of electrochromic donor–acceptor type copolymer was obtained by the electrodeposition method. The P(1-co-2) film exhibited a deep black color in the neutral state and a transmissive light gray color in the oxidized state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- P. R. China
| | - Min Wang
- Liaocheng People's Hospital
- Liaocheng
- P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Liaocheng People's Hospital
- Liaocheng
- P.R. China
| | - Jinsheng Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- P. R. China
| | - Chonggang Fu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- P. R. China
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Park T, Na J, Kim B, Kim Y, Shin H, Kim E. Photothermally Activated Pyroelectric Polymer Films for Harvesting of Solar Heat with a Hybrid Energy Cell Structure. ACS NANO 2015; 9:11830-11839. [PMID: 26308669 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b04042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal effects in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)s (PEDOTs) were explored for pyroelectric conversion. A poled ferroelectric film was coated on both sides with PEDOT via solution casting polymerization of EDOT, to give highly conductive and effective photothermal thin films of PEDOT. The PEDOT films not only provided heat source upon light exposure but worked as electrodes for the output energy from the pyroelectric layer in an energy harvester hybridized with a thermoelectric layer. Compared to a bare thermoelectric system under NIR irradiation, the photothermal-pyro-thermoelectric device showed more than 6 times higher thermoelectric output with the additional pyroelectric output. The photothermally driven pyroelectric harvesting film provided a very fast electric output with a high voltage output (Vout) of 15 V. The pyroelectric effect was significant due to the transparent and high photothermal PEDOT film, which could also work as an electrode. A hybrid energy harvester was assembled to enhance photoconversion efficiency (PCE) of a solar cell with a thermoelectric device operated by the photothermally generated heat. The PCE was increased more than 20% under sunlight irradiation (AM 1.5G) utilizing the transmitted light through the photovoltaic cell as a heat source that was converted into pyroelectric and thermoelectric output simultaneously from the high photothermal PEDOT electrodes. Overall, this work provides a dynamic and static hybrid energy cell to harvest solar energy in full spectral range and thermal energy, to allow solar powered switching of an electrochromic display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teahoon Park
- Active Polymer Center for Pattern Integration, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| | - Jongbeom Na
- Active Polymer Center for Pattern Integration, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| | - Byeonggwan Kim
- Active Polymer Center for Pattern Integration, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Active Polymer Center for Pattern Integration, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| | - Haijin Shin
- Active Polymer Center for Pattern Integration, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| | - Eunkyoung Kim
- Active Polymer Center for Pattern Integration, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
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Abraham S, Ganesh GPT, Varughese S, Deb B, Joseph J. Cross-Linkable Fluorene-Diphenylamine Derivatives for Electrochromic Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:25424-25433. [PMID: 26496020 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b08218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Multicolor electrochromic systems based on heat cross-linkable arylamine-substituted fluorene derivatives, FD and FDOMe, are reported. These derivatives with pendant vinyl groups have been synthesized by the Buchwald-Hartwig amination reaction and were well-characterized using various analytical and spectroscopic techniques such as NMR, ESI-MS, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. FD and FDOMe exhibited thermally activated cross-linking above their melting temperatures, which was confirmed through absorption, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), FT-IR, and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) techniques. Cross-linked FD films (FD-X) on ITO showed two reversible redox peaks at 0.74 and 0.91 V (versus Ag/AgCl) that correspond to the formation of radical cations and dications, respectively. The corresponding redox peaks were observed at 0.6 and 0.8 V for cross-linked FDOMe films (FDOMe-X). Spectroelectrochemical studies of the electrochromic films on ITO revealed multicolor electrochromism of FD-X (colorless-yellow-dark cyan) and FDOMe-X (colorless-brick red-blue) with a color contrast of ∼44% at 485 nm for FD-X and ∼63% at 500 nm for FDOMe-X and good switching stability between the neutral and oxidized states (>300 cycles) with low switching voltages (<0.9 V for the first oxidation and <1.3 V for the second oxidation). Furthermore, fabrication of electrochromic devices using FD-X and FDOMe-X on FTO substrate with PMMA-based solid electrolyte was demonstrated, where the devices exhibited reasonably low switching time between the redox states (<30 s) with good optical contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silja Abraham
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) , Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala India
| | - Gayathri Prabhu T Ganesh
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) , Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala India
| | - Sunil Varughese
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) , Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala India
| | - Biswapriya Deb
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) , Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST Campus , Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
| | - Joshy Joseph
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) , Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST Campus , Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
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Kim TH, Jeon HJ, Lee JW, Nah YC. Enhanced electrochromic properties of hybrid P3HT/WO3 composites with multiple colorations. Electrochem commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Ledwon P, Andrade JR, Lapkowski M, Pawlicka A. Hydroxypropyl cellulose-based gel electrolyte for electrochromic devices. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.01.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Park C, Seo S, Shin H, Sarwade BD, Na J, Kim E. Switchable silver mirrors with long memory effects. Chem Sci 2015; 6:596-602. [PMID: 28936310 PMCID: PMC5588729 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc01912a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An electrochemically stable and bistable switchable mirror was achieved for the first time by introducing (1) a thiol-modified indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode for the stabilization of the metallic film and (2) ionic liquids as an anion-blocking layer, to achieve a long memory effect. The growth of the metallic film was denser and faster at the thiol-modified ITO electrode than at a bare ITO electrode. The electrochemical stability of the metallic film on the thiol-modified ITO was enhanced, maintaining the metallic state without rupture. In the voltage-off state, the metal film maintained bistability for a long period (>2 h) when ionic liquids were introduced as electrolytes for the switchable mirror. The electrical double layer in the highly viscous ionic liquid electrolyte seemed to effectively form a barrier to the bromide ions, to protect the metal thin film from them when in the voltage-off state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihyun Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu , Seoul 120-749 , Korea . ; http://web.yonsei.ac.kr/eunkim/
| | - Seogjae Seo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu , Seoul 120-749 , Korea . ; http://web.yonsei.ac.kr/eunkim/
| | - Haijin Shin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu , Seoul 120-749 , Korea . ; http://web.yonsei.ac.kr/eunkim/
| | - Bhimrao D Sarwade
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu , Seoul 120-749 , Korea . ; http://web.yonsei.ac.kr/eunkim/
| | - Jongbeom Na
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu , Seoul 120-749 , Korea . ; http://web.yonsei.ac.kr/eunkim/
| | - Eunkyoung Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu , Seoul 120-749 , Korea . ; http://web.yonsei.ac.kr/eunkim/
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Zhao N, Wang Z, Cai C, Shen H, Liang F, Wang D, Wang C, Zhu T, Guo J, Wang Y, Liu X, Duan C, Wang H, Mao Y, Jia X, Dong H, Zhang X, Xu J. Bioinspired materials: from low to high dimensional structure. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:6994-7017. [PMID: 25212698 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201401718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The surprising properties of biomaterials are the results of billions of years of evolution. Generally, biomaterials are assembled under mild conditions with very limited supply of constituents available for living organism, and their amazing properties largely result from the sophisticated hierarchical structures. Following the biomimetic principles to prepare manmade materials has drawn great research interests in materials science and engineering. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in fabricating bioinspired materials with the emphasis on mimicking the structure from one to three dimensions. Selected examples are described with a focus on the relationship between the structural characters and the corresponding functions. For one-dimensional materials, spider fibers, polar bear hair, multichannel plant roots and so on have been involved. Natural structure color and color shifting surfaces, and the antifouling, antireflective coatings of biomaterials are chosen as the typical examples of the two-dimensional biomimicking. The outstanding protection performance, and the stimuli responsive and self-healing functions of biomaterials based on the sophisticated hierarchical bulk structures are the emphases of the three-dimensional mimicking. Finally, a summary and outlook are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing, 100190, China
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Multielectrochromism of redox states of thin electropolymerised films of poly(3-dodecylpyrrole) involving a black coloured state. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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43
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Zhu Y, Otley MT, Kumar A, Li M, Zhang X, Asemota C, Sotzing GA. Neutral color tuning of polymer electrochromic devices using an organic dye. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:8167-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc02289k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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44
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Near infrared electrochromic naphthalene-based polyimides containing triarylamine: Synthesis and electrochemical properties. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.08.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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45
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Sydorov D, Duboriz I, Pud A. Poly(3-methylthiophene)–polyaniline couple spectroelectrochemistry revisited for the complementary red–green–blue electrochromic device. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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46
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Seo S, Allain C, Na J, Kim S, Yang X, Park C, Malinge J, Audebert P, Kim E. Electrofluorescence switching of tetrazine-modified TiO2 nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:7321-7327. [PMID: 23820569 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr01648j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Highly fluorescent tetrazine-modified TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared by the reaction of triethoxysilane-appended chloroalkoxy tetrazine (ESTZ) with TiO2 nanoparticles through a condensation reaction between the surface hydroxyl groups of an electrode and the silane anchor group of ESTZ. The prepared electrodes were used as robust fluorescent layers for electrochemical fluorescence switching (electrofluorochromism) applications in the presence of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) as a charge balancing mediator. The stable charge balancing mediator, TEMPO, in the electrolyte was found to be essential to reduce the intrinsic electron transport resistance of TiO2 in order to achieve reversible electrofluorescence switching. Furthermore it facilitated a fully reversible electrochemical reaction and provided a sufficient charge balance, which allowed us to realize semiconductor-based electrofluorescence switching with an on/off ratio of 4.0 and cyclability greater than 100 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seogjae Seo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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