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Tada T, Mizuno Y, Shibata Y, Yasui H, Kuge Y. Application of copper (I) selective ligands for PET imaging of reactive oxygen species through metabolic trapping. Nucl Med Biol 2024; 134-135:108914. [PMID: 38733873 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2024.108914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are attractive targets for clinical PET imaging. In this study, we hypothesized that PET imaging of ROS would be possible by using chelating ligands (L) that form stable complexes with copper (I) but not with copper (II), based on metabolic trapping. Namely, when [64Cu][CuI(L)2]+ is oxidized by ROS, the oxidized complex will release [64Cu]Cu2+. Then, the released [64Cu]Cu2+ will be trapped inside the cell, resulting in PET signal depending on the redox potential of ROS. To examine the potential of this novel molecular design for ROS imaging, we synthesized copper (I) complexes with bicinchoninic acid (BCA) disodium salt and bathocuproinedisulfonic acid (BCS) disodium salt and evaluated their reactivity with several kinds of ROS. In addition, the cellular uptake of [64Cu][CuI(BCS)2]3- and the stability of [64Cu][CuI(BCS)2]3- in a biological condition were also evaluated. METHODS [64Cu]Cu2+ was reduced to [64Cu]Cu+ by ascorbic acid and coordinated with BCA and BCS in the acetate buffer to synthesize [64Cu][CuI(BCA)2]3- and [64Cu][CuI(BCS)2]3-. The radiochemical yields were determined by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). After [64Cu][CuI(BCS)2]3- was incubated with hydroxyl radical, lipid peroxide, superoxide, and hydrogen peroxide, the percentage of released [64Cu]Cu2+ from the parent complex was evaluated by TLC. HT-1080 human fibrosarcoma cells were treated with 0.1 % Dimethyl sulfoxide (control), imidazole ketone erastin (IKE), or IKE + ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1). Then, the uptake of [64Cu][CuI(BCS)2]3- to HT-1080 cells in each group was evaluated as %Dose/mg protein. Lastly, [64Cu][CuI(BCS)2]3- was incubated in human plasma, and its intact ratio was determined by TLC. RESULTS The radiochemical yield of [64Cu][CuI(BCS)2]3- (86 ± 1 %) was higher than that of [64Cu][CuI(BCA)2]3- (44 ± 3 %). [64Cu][CuI(BCA)2]3- was unstable and partially decomposed on TLC. After [64Cu][CuI(BCS)2]3- was reacted with hydroxyl radical, lipid peroxide, and superoxide, 67 ± 2 %, 44 ± 13 %, and 22 ± 3 % of total radioactivity was detected as [64Cu]Cu2+, respectively. On the other hand, the reaction with hydrogen peroxide did not significantly increase the ratio of [64Cu]Cu2+ (4 ± 1 %). These results suggest that [64Cu][CuI(BCS)2]3- could be used for detecting high-redox-potential ROS such as hydroxyl radical and lipid peroxide with high selectivity. The cellular uptake values of [64Cu][CuI(BCS)2]3- in the control, IKE, and Fer-1 group were 42 ± 2, 54 ± 2, and 47 ± 5 %Dose/mg protein (n = 3), respectively, suggesting the ROS specific uptake of [64Cu][CuI(BCS)2]3-. On the other hand, the intact ratio after the incubation of [64Cu][CuI(BCS)2]3- in human plasma was 9 ± 5 %. CONCLUSION PET imaging of ROS would be possible by using a copper (I) selective ligand, based on metabolic trapping. Although improvement of the membrane permeability and the stability of copper (I) complexes is required, the present results pave the way for the development of novel 64Cu-labeled complexes for PET imaging of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Tada
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan
| | - Yuki Mizuno
- Central Institute of Isotope Science, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan; Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan.
| | - Yuki Shibata
- Central Institute of Isotope Science, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan
| | - Hironobu Yasui
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan; One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yuji Kuge
- Central Institute of Isotope Science, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan; Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan
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Badier L, Quelven I. Zirconium 89 and Copper 64 for ImmunoPET: From Antibody Bioconjugation and Radiolabeling to Molecular Imaging. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:882. [PMID: 39065579 PMCID: PMC11279968 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16070882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has transformed cancer treatment. Nevertheless, given the heterogeneity of clinical efficacy, the multiplicity of treatment options available and the possibility of serious adverse effects, selecting the most effective treatment has become the greatest challenge. Molecular imaging offers an attractive way for this purpose. ImmunoPET provides specific imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) using monoclonal antibodies (mAb) or its fragments as vector. By combining the high targeting specificity of mAb and the sensitivity of PET technique, immunoPET could noninvasively and dynamically reveal tumor antigens expression and provide theranostic tools of several types of malignancies. Because of their slow kinetics, mAbs require radioelements defined by a consistent half-life. Zirconium 89 (89Zr) and Copper 64 (64Cu) are radiometals with half-lives suitable for mAb labeling. Radiolabeling with a radiometal requires the prior use of a bifunctional chelate agent (BFCA) to functionalize mAb for radiometal chelation, in a second step. There are a number of BFCA available and much research is focused on antibody functionalization techniques or on developing the optimum chelating agent depending the selected radiometal. In this manuscript, we present a critical account of radiochemical techniques with radionuclides 89Zr and 64Cu and their applications in preclinical and clinical immuno-PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabelle Quelven
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center (ToNIC), INSERM/UPS UMR 1214, University Hospital of Toulouse-Purpan, CEDEX 3, 31024 Toulouse, France;
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Kubeil M, Neuber C, Starke M, Arndt C, Rodrigues Loureiro L, Hoffmann L, Feldmann A, Bachmann M, Pietzsch J, Comba P, Stephan H. 64Cu tumor labeling with hexadentate picolinic acid-based bispidine immunoconjugates. Chemistry 2024:e202400366. [PMID: 38506263 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Discussed are two picolinate appended bispidine ligands (3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane derivatives) in comparison with an earlier described bis-pyridine derivative, which are all known to strongly bind CuII. The radiopharmacological characterization of the two isomeric bispidine complexes includes quantitative labeling with 64CuII at ambient conditions with high radiochemical purities and yields (molar activities >200 MBq/nmol). Challenge experiments in presence of EDTA, cyclam, human serum and SOD demonstrate high stability and inertness of the 64Cu-bispidine complexes. Biodistribution studies performed in Wistar rats indicate a rapid renal elimination for both 64Cu-labeled chelates. The bispidine ligand with the picolinate group in N7 position was selected for further biological experiments, and its backbone was therefore substituted with a benzyl-NCS group at C9. Two tumor target modules (TMs), targeting prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA), overexpressed in prostate cancer, and the fibroblast activation protein (FAP) in fibrosarcoma, were selected for thiourea coupling with the NCS-functionalized ligand and lysine residues of TMs. Small animal PET experiments on tumor-bearing mice showed specific accumulation of the 64Cu-labeled TMs in PSCA- and FAP-overexpressing tumors (standardized uptake value (SUV) for PC3: 2.7±0.6 and HT1080: 7.2±1.25) with almost no uptake in wild type tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manja Kubeil
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christin Neuber
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Miriam Starke
- Universität Heidelberg, Anorganisch-Chemisches, Institut INF 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Arndt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universiät Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Liliana Rodrigues Loureiro
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lydia Hoffmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Feldmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden (NCT/UCC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Bachmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden (NCT/UCC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Comba
- Universität Heidelberg, Anorganisch-Chemisches, Institut INF 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Universität Heidelberg, Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, INF 205, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Holger Stephan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
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Lin W, Fonseca Cabrera GO, Aluicio-Sarduy E, Barnhart TE, Mixdorf JC, Li Z, Wu Z, Engle JW. Radiolabeling Diaminosarcophagine with Cyclotron-Produced Cobalt-55 and [ 55Co]Co-NT-Sarcage as a Proof of Concept in a Murine Xenograft Model. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:412-418. [PMID: 38411531 PMCID: PMC10954389 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Cobalt-sarcophagine complexes exhibit high kinetic inertness under various stringent conditions, but there is limited literature on radiolabeling and in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using no carrier added 55Co. To fill this gap, this study first investigates the radiolabeling of DiAmSar (DSar) with 55Co, followed by stability evaluation in human serum and EDTA, pharmacokinetics in mice, and a direct comparison with [55Co]CoCl2 to assess differences in pharmacokinetics. Furthermore, the radiolabeling process was successfully used to generate the NTSR1-targeted PET agent [55Co]Co-NT-Sarcage (a DSar-functionalized SR142948 derivative) and administered to HT29 tumor xenografted mice. The [55Co]Co-DSar complex can be formed at 37 °C with purity and stability suitable for preclinical in vivo radiopharmaceutical applications, and [55Co]Co-NT-Sarcage demonstrated prominent tumor uptake with a low background signal. In a direct comparison with [64Cu]Cu-NT-Sarcage, [55Co]Co-NT-Sarcage achieved a higher tumor-to-liver ratio but with overall similar biodistribution profile. These results demonstrate that Sar would be a promising chelator for constructing Co-based radiopharmaceuticals including 55Co for PET and 58mCo for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Lin
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - German Oscar Fonseca Cabrera
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Eduardo Aluicio-Sarduy
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Todd E. Barnhart
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Jason C. Mixdorf
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Zibo Li
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Zhanhong Wu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Jonathan W. Engle
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53792, United States
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5
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Jeong HY, Kang SJ, Kim MW, Jeong IH, Choi MJ, Jung C, Song IH, Lee TS, Park YS. Development of PET Radioisotope Copper-64-Labeled Theranostic Immunoliposomes for EGFR Overexpressing Cancer-Targeted Therapy and Imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1813. [PMID: 38339090 PMCID: PMC10855797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Combining standard surgical procedures with personalized chemotherapy and the continuous monitoring of cancer progression is necessary for effective NSCLC treatment. In this study, we developed liposomal nanoparticles as theranostic agents capable of simultaneous therapy for and imaging of target cancer cells. Copper-64 (64Cu), with a clinically practical half-life (t1/2 = 12.7 h) and decay properties, was selected as the radioisotope for molecular PET imaging. An anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) antibody was used to achieve target-specific delivery. Simultaneously, the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (Dox) was encapsulated within the liposomes using a pH-gradient method. The conjugates of 64Cu-labeled and anti-EGFR antibody-conjugated micelles were inserted into the doxorubicin-encapsulating liposomes via a post-insertion procedure (64Cu-Dox-immunoliposomes). We evaluated the size and zeta-potential of the liposomes and analyzed target-specific cell binding and cytotoxicity in EGFR-positive cell lines. Then, we analyzed the specific therapeutic effect and PET imaging of the 64Cu-Dox-immunoliposomes with the A549 xenograft mouse model. In vivo therapeutic experiments on the mouse models demonstrated that the doxorubicin-containing 64Cu-immunoliposomes effectively inhibited tumor growth. Moreover, the 64Cu-immunoliposomes provided superior in vivo PET images of the tumors compared to the untargeted liposomes. We suggest that nanoparticles will be the potential platform for cancer treatment as a widely applicable theranostic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Yeon Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea or (H.Y.J.); (S.J.K.); (M.W.K.); (I.-h.J.); (M.J.C.)
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seong Jae Kang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea or (H.Y.J.); (S.J.K.); (M.W.K.); (I.-h.J.); (M.J.C.)
| | - Min Woo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea or (H.Y.J.); (S.J.K.); (M.W.K.); (I.-h.J.); (M.J.C.)
| | - In-ho Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea or (H.Y.J.); (S.J.K.); (M.W.K.); (I.-h.J.); (M.J.C.)
| | - Moon Jung Choi
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea or (H.Y.J.); (S.J.K.); (M.W.K.); (I.-h.J.); (M.J.C.)
| | - Cheulhee Jung
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
| | - In Ho Song
- Division of RI-Convergence Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea; (I.H.S.); (T.S.L.)
| | - Tae Sup Lee
- Division of RI-Convergence Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea; (I.H.S.); (T.S.L.)
| | - Yong Serk Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea or (H.Y.J.); (S.J.K.); (M.W.K.); (I.-h.J.); (M.J.C.)
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6
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Hungnes I, Pham TT, Rivas C, Jarvis JA, Nuttall RE, Cooper SM, Young JD, Blower PJ, Pringle PG, Ma MT. Versatile Diphosphine Chelators for Radiolabeling Peptides with 99mTc and 64Cu. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:20608-20620. [PMID: 36972174 PMCID: PMC10731650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a diphosphine (DP) platform for radiolabeling peptides with 99mTc and 64Cu for molecular SPECT and PET imaging, respectively. Two diphosphines, 2,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)maleic anhydride (DPPh) and 2,3-bis(di-p-tolylphosphino)maleic anhydride (DPTol), were each reacted with a Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen-targeted dipeptide (PSMAt) to yield the bioconjugates DPPh-PSMAt and DPTol-PSMAt, as well as an integrin-targeted cyclic peptide, RGD, to yield the bioconjugates DPPh-RGD and DPTol-RGD. Each of these DP-PSMAt conjugates formed geometric cis/trans-[MO2(DPX-PSMAt)2]+ (M = 99mTc, 99gTc, natRe; X = Ph, Tol) complexes when reacted with [MO2]+ motifs. Furthermore, both DPPh-PSMAt and DPTol-PSMAt could be formulated into kits containing reducing agent and buffer components, enabling preparation of the new radiotracers cis/trans-[99mTcO2(DPPh-PSMAt)2]+ and cis/trans-[99mTcO2(DPTol-PSMAt)2]+ from aqueous 99mTcO4- in 81% and 88% radiochemical yield (RCY), respectively, in 5 min at 100 °C. The consistently higher RCYs observed for cis/trans-[99mTcO2(DPTol-PSMAt)2]+ are attributed to the increased reactivity of DPTol-PSMAt over DPPh-PSMAt. Both cis/trans-[99mTcO2(DPPh-PSMAt)2]+ and cis/trans-[99mTcO2(DPTol-PSMAt)2]+ exhibited high metabolic stability, and in vivo SPECT imaging in healthy mice revealed that both new radiotracers cleared rapidly from circulation, via a renal pathway. These new diphosphine bioconjugates also furnished [64Cu(DPX-PSMAt)2]+ (X = Ph, Tol) complexes rapidly, in a high RCY (>95%), under mild conditions. In summary, the new DP platform is versatile: it enables straightforward functionalization of targeting peptides with a diphosphine chelator, and the resulting bioconjugates can be simply radiolabeled with both the SPECT and PET radionuclides, 99mTc and 64Cu, in high RCYs. Furthermore, the DP platform is amenable to derivatization to either increase the chelator reactivity with metallic radioisotopes or, alternatively, modify the radiotracer hydrophilicity. Functionalized diphosphine chelators thus have the potential to provide access to new molecular radiotracers for receptor-targeted imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingebjørg
N. Hungnes
- School
of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, Fourth Floor Lambeth Wing, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Truc Thuy Pham
- School
of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, Fourth Floor Lambeth Wing, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Rivas
- School
of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, Fourth Floor Lambeth Wing, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - James A. Jarvis
- Randall
Centre of Cell and Molecular Biophysics and Centre for Biomolecular
Spectroscopy, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel E. Nuttall
- School
of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, Fourth Floor Lambeth Wing, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Saul M. Cooper
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer D. Young
- School
of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, Fourth Floor Lambeth Wing, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J. Blower
- School
of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, Fourth Floor Lambeth Wing, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Paul G. Pringle
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle T. Ma
- School
of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, Fourth Floor Lambeth Wing, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
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7
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Tosato M, Franchi S, Isse AA, Del Vecchio A, Zanoni G, Alker A, Asti M, Gyr T, Di Marco V, Mäcke H. Is Smaller Better? Cu 2+/Cu + Coordination Chemistry and Copper-64 Radiochemical Investigation of a 1,4,7-Triazacyclononane-Based Sulfur-Rich Chelator. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:20621-20633. [PMID: 37115633 PMCID: PMC10731632 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The biologically triggered reduction of Cu2+ to Cu+ has been postulated as a possible in vivo decomplexation pathway in 64/67Cu-based radiopharmaceuticals. In an attempt to hinder this phenomenon, we have previously developed a family of S-containing polyazamacrocycles based on 12-, 13-, or 14-membered tetraaza rings able to stabilize both oxidation states. However, despite the high thermodynamic stability of the resulting Cu2+/+ complexes, a marked [64Cu]Cu2+ release was detected in human serum, likely as a result of the partially saturated coordination sphere around the copper center. In the present work, a new hexadentate macrocyclic ligand, 1,4,7-tris[2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl)]-1,4,7-triazacyclononane (NO3S), was synthesized by hypothesizing that a smaller macrocyclic backbone could thwart the observed demetalation by fully encapsulating the copper ion. To unveil the role of the S donors in the metal binding, the corresponding alkyl analogue 1,4,7-tris-n-butyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane (TACN-n-Bu) was considered as comparison. The acid-base properties of the free ligands and the kinetic, thermodynamic, and structural properties of their Cu2+ and Cu+ complexes were investigated in solution and solid (crystal) states through a combination of spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques. The formation of two stable mononuclear species was detected in aqueous solution for both ligands. The pCu2+ value for NO3S at physiological pH was 6 orders of magnitude higher than that computed for TACN-n-Bu, pointing out the significant stabilizing contribution arising from the Cu2+-S interactions. In both the solid state and solution, Cu2+ was fully embedded in the ligand cleft in a hexacoordinated N3S3 environment. Furthermore, NO3S exhibited a remarkable ability to form a stable complex with Cu+ through the involvement of all of the donors in the coordination sphere. Radiolabeling studies evidenced an excellent affinity of NO3S toward [64Cu]Cu2+, as quantitative incorporation was achieved at high apparent molar activity (∼10 MBq/nmol) and under mild conditions (ambient temperature, neutral pH, 10 min reaction time). Human serum stability assays revealed an increased stability of [64Cu][Cu(NO3S)]2+ when compared to the corresponding complexes formed by 12-, 13-, or 14-membered tetraaza rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Tosato
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Franchi
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Giordano Zanoni
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - André Alker
- Roche
Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel F. Hoffmann-La Roche, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mattia Asti
- Radiopharmaceutical
Chemistry Section, Nuclear Medicine Unit, AUSL-IRCCS Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Thomas Gyr
- Division
of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear
Medicine, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Valerio Di Marco
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Helmut Mäcke
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital
Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
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8
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Wen X, Ou L, Cutshaw G, Uthaman S, Ou YC, Zhu T, Szakas S, Carney B, Houghton J, Gundlach-Graham A, Rafat M, Yang K, Bardhan R. Physicochemical Properties and Route of Systemic Delivery Control the In Vivo Dynamics and Breakdown of Radiolabeled Gold Nanostars. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2204293. [PMID: 36965074 PMCID: PMC10518372 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The in vivo dynamics of nanoparticles requires a mechanistic understanding of multiple factors. Here, for the first time, the surprising breakdown of functionalized gold nanostars (F-AuNSs) conjugated with antibodies and 64 Cu radiolabels in vivo and in artificial lysosomal fluid ex vivo, is shown. The short-term biodistribution of F-AuNSs is driven by the route of systemic delivery (intravenous vs intraperitoneal) and long-term fate is controlled by the tissue type in vivo. In vitro studies including endocytosis pathways, intracellular trafficking, and opsonization, are combined with in vivo studies integrating a milieu of spectroscopy and microcopy techniques that show F-AuNSs dynamics is driven by their physicochemical properties and route of delivery. F-AuNSs break down into sub-20 nm broken nanoparticles as early as 7 days postinjection. Martini coarse-grained simulations are performed to support the in vivo findings. Simulations suggest that shape, size, and charge of the broken nanoparticles, and composition of the lipid membrane depicting various tissues govern the interaction of the nanoparticles with the membrane, and the rate of translocation across the membrane to ultimately enable tissue clearance. The fundamental study addresses critical gaps in the knowledge regarding the fate of nanoparticles in vivo that remain a bottleneck in their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Wen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50012, USA
| | - Luping Ou
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research and School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Gabriel Cutshaw
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50012, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50012, USA
| | - Saji Uthaman
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50012, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50012, USA
| | - Yu-Chuan Ou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Tian Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Sarah Szakas
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Brandon Carney
- Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Jacob Houghton
- Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, NY, 11794, USA
| | | | - Marjan Rafat
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Kai Yang
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research and School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Rizia Bardhan
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50012, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50012, USA
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9
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Chaney AM, Cropper HC, Jain P, Wilson E, Simonetta F, Johnson EM, Alam IS, Patterson ITJ, Swarovski M, Stevens MY, Wang Q, Azevedo C, Nagy SC, Ramos Benitez J, Deal EM, Vogel H, Andreasson KI, James ML. PET imaging of TREM1 identifies CNS-infiltrating myeloid cells in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabm6267. [PMID: 37379371 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abm6267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that causes substantial morbidity and diminished quality of life. Evidence highlights the central role of myeloid lineage cells in the initiation and progression of MS. However, existing imaging strategies for detecting myeloid cells in the CNS cannot distinguish between beneficial and harmful immune responses. Thus, imaging strategies that specifically identify myeloid cells and their activation states are critical for MS disease staging and monitoring of therapeutic responses. We hypothesized that positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM1) could be used to monitor deleterious innate immune responses and disease progression in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS. We first validated TREM1 as a specific marker of proinflammatory, CNS-infiltrating, peripheral myeloid cells in mice with EAE. We show that the 64Cu-radiolabeled TREM1 antibody-based PET tracer monitored active disease with 14- to 17-fold higher sensitivity than translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO)-PET imaging, the established approach for detecting neuroinflammation in vivo. We illustrate the therapeutic potential of attenuating TREM1 signaling both genetically and pharmacologically in the EAE mice and show that TREM1-PET imaging detected responses to an FDA-approved MS therapy with siponimod (BAF312) in these animals. Last, we observed TREM1+ cells in clinical brain biopsy samples from two treatment-naïve patients with MS but not in healthy control brain tissue. Thus, TREM1-PET imaging has potential for aiding in the diagnosis of MS and monitoring of therapeutic responses to drug treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling M Chaney
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Haley C Cropper
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Poorva Jain
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Edward Wilson
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Federico Simonetta
- Division of Hematology, Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
- Translational Research Centre in Onco-Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
| | - Emily M Johnson
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Israt S Alam
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ian T J Patterson
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michelle Swarovski
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marc Y Stevens
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Carmen Azevedo
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sydney C Nagy
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Javier Ramos Benitez
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Emily M Deal
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hannes Vogel
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Katrin I Andreasson
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Michelle L James
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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10
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Rong J, Haider A, Jeppesen TE, Josephson L, Liang SH. Radiochemistry for positron emission tomography. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3257. [PMID: 37277339 PMCID: PMC10241151 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36377-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) constitutes a functional imaging technique that is harnessed to probe biological processes in vivo. PET imaging has been used to diagnose and monitor the progression of diseases, as well as to facilitate drug development efforts at both preclinical and clinical stages. The wide applications and rapid development of PET have ultimately led to an increasing demand for new methods in radiochemistry, with the aim to expand the scope of synthons amenable for radiolabeling. In this work, we provide an overview of commonly used chemical transformations for the syntheses of PET tracers in all aspects of radiochemistry, thereby highlighting recent breakthrough discoveries and contemporary challenges in the field. We discuss the use of biologicals for PET imaging and highlight general examples of successful probe discoveries for molecular imaging with PET - with a particular focus on translational and scalable radiochemistry concepts that have been entered to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Rong
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Ahmed Haider
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Troels E Jeppesen
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Lee Josephson
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Steven H Liang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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11
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Zagranyarski Y, Cheshmedzhieva DV, Mutovska M, Ahmedova A, Stoyanov S. Dioxepine-Peri-Annulated PMIs-Synthesis and Spectral and Sensing Properties. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:2902. [PMID: 36991615 PMCID: PMC10058915 DOI: 10.3390/s23062902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
New perylene monoimide (PMI) derivatives bearing a seven-membered heterocycle and 1,8-diaminosarcophagine (DiAmSar) or N,N-dimethylaminoethyl chelator fragments were synthesized, and their spectroscopic properties in the absence and presence of metal cations were determined to evaluate their potential applications as PET optical sensors for such analytes. DFT and TDDFT calculations were employed to rationalize the observed effects.
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12
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Brown AM, Butman JL, Lengacher R, Vargo NP, Martin KE, Koller A, Śmiłowicz D, Boros E, Robinson JR. N, N-Alkylation Clarifies the Role of N- and O-Protonated Intermediates in Cyclen-Based 64Cu Radiopharmaceuticals. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:1362-1376. [PMID: 36490364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Radioisotopes of Cu, such as 64Cu and 67Cu, are alluring targets for imaging (e.g., positron emission tomography, PET) and radiotherapeutic applications. Cyclen-based macrocyclic polyaminocarboxylates are one of the most frequently examined bifunctional chelators in vitro and in vivo, including the FDA-approved 64Cu radiopharmaceutical, Cu(DOTATATE) (Detectnet); however, connections between the structure of plausible reactive intermediates and their stability under physiologically relevant conditions remain to be established. In this study, we share the synthesis of a cyclen-based, N,N-alkylated spirocyclic chelate, H2DO3AC4H8, which serves as a model for N-protonation. Our combined experimental (in vitro and in vivo) and computational studies unravel complex pH-dependent speciation and enable side-by-side comparison of N- and O-protonated species of relevant 64Cu radiopharmaceuticals. Our studies suggest that N-protonated species are not inherently unstable species under physiological conditions and demonstrate the potential of N,N-alkylation as a tool for the rational design of future radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island02912, United States
| | - Jana L Butman
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island02912, United States
| | - Raphael Lengacher
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, New York11794, United States
| | - Natasha P Vargo
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island02912, United States
| | - Kirsten E Martin
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, New York11794, United States
| | - Angus Koller
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, New York11794, United States
| | - Dariusz Śmiłowicz
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, New York11794, United States
| | - Eszter Boros
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, New York11794, United States
| | - Jerome R Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island02912, United States
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13
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Cieslik P, Kubeil M, Zarschler K, Ullrich M, Brandt F, Anger K, Wadepohl H, Kopka K, Bachmann M, Pietzsch J, Stephan H, Comba P. Toward Personalized Medicine: One Chelator for Imaging and Therapy with Lutetium-177 and Actinium-225. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21555-21567. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Cieslik
- Universität Heidelberg, Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, INF 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manja Kubeil
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristof Zarschler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Ullrich
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian Brandt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Karl Anger
- Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft Dresden, Friedrich-List-Platz 1, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Universität Heidelberg, Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, INF 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Bachmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Holger Stephan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Comba
- Universität Heidelberg, Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, INF 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Universität Heidelberg, Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, INF 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Uzal-Varela R, Patinec V, Tripier R, Valencia L, Maneiro M, Canle M, Platas-Iglesias C, Esteban-Gómez D, Iglesias E. On the dissociation pathways of copper complexes relevant as PET imaging agents. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 236:111951. [PMID: 35963110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Several bifunctional chelators have been synthesized in the last years for the development of new 64Cu-based PET agents for in vivo imaging. When designing a metal-based PET probe, it is important to achieve high stability and kinetic inertness once the radioisotope is coordinated. Different competitive assays are commonly used to evaluate the possible dissociation mechanisms that may induce Cu(II) release in the body. Among them, acid-assisted dissociation tests or transchelation challenges employing EDTA or SOD are frequently used to evaluate both solution thermodynamics and the kinetic behavior of potential metal-based systems. Despite of this, the Cu(II)/Cu(I) bioreduction pathway that could be promoted by the presence of bioreductants still remains little explored. To fill this gap we present here a detailed spectroscopic study of the kinetic behavior of different macrocyclic Cu(II) complexes. The complexes investigated include the cross-bridge cyclam derivative [Cu(CB-TE1A)]+, whose structure was determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The acid-assisted dissociation mechanism was investigated using HClO4 and HCl to analyse the effect of the counterion on the rate constants. The complexes were selected so that the effects of complex charge and coordination polyhedron could be assessed. Cyclic voltammetry experiments were conducted to investigate whether the reduction to Cu(I) falls within the window of common bioreducing agents. The most striking behavior concerns the [Cu(NO2Th)]2+ complex, a 1,4,7-triazacyclononane derivative containing two methylthiazolyl pendant arms. This complex is extremely inert with respect to dissociation following the acid-catalyzed mechanism, but dissociates rather quickly in the presence of a bioreductant like ascorbic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Uzal-Varela
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
| | - Véronique Patinec
- Univ Brest, UMR-CNRS 6521 CEMCA, 6 avenue Victor le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Raphaël Tripier
- Univ Brest, UMR-CNRS 6521 CEMCA, 6 avenue Victor le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Laura Valencia
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidade de Vigo, Facultad de Ciencias, 36310 Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Marcelino Maneiro
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Facultade de Ciencias, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Moisés Canle
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
| | - David Esteban-Gómez
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain.
| | - Emilia Iglesias
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain.
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15
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Hull A, Li Y, Bartholomeusz D, Hsieh W, Tieu W, Pukala TL, Staudacher AH, Bezak E. Preliminary Development and Testing of C595 Radioimmunoconjugates for Targeting MUC1 Cancer Epitopes in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11192983. [PMID: 36230945 PMCID: PMC9563759 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucin 1 is a transmembrane glycoprotein which overexpresses cancer-specific epitopes (MUC1-CE) on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells. As PDAC is a low survival and highly aggressive malignancy, developing radioimmunoconjugates capable of targeting MUC1-CE could lead to improvements in PDAC outcomes. The aim of this study was to develop and perform preliminary testing of diagnostic and therapeutic radioimmunoconjugates for PDAC using an anti-MUC1 antibody, C595. Firstly, p-SCN-Bn-DOTA was conjugated to the C595 antibody to form a DOTA-C595 immunoconjugate. The stability and binding affinity of the DOTA-C595 conjugate was evaluated using mass spectrometry and ELISA. DOTA-C595 was radiolabelled to Copper-64, Lutetium-177, Gallium-68 and Technetium-99m to form novel radioimmunoconjugates. Cell binding assays were performed in PANC-1 (strong MUC1-CE expression) and AsPC-1 (weak MUC1-CE expression) cell lines using 64Cu-DOTA-C595 and 177Lu-DOTA-C595. An optimal molar ratio of 4:1 DOTA groups per C595 molecule was obtained from the conjugation process. DOTA-C595 labelled to Copper-64, Lutetium-177, and Technetium-99m with high efficiency, although the Gallium-68 labelling was low. 177Lu-DOTA-C595 demonstrated high cellular binding to the PANC-1 cell lines which was significantly greater than AsPC-1 binding at concentrations exceeding 100 nM (p < 0.05). 64Cu-DOTA-C595 showed similar binding to the PANC-1 and AsPC-1 cells with no significant differences observed between cell lines (p > 0.05). The high cellular binding of 177Lu-DOTA-C595 to MUC1-CE positive cell lines suggests promise as a therapeutic radioimmunoconjugate against PDAC while further work is required to harness the potential of 64Cu-DOTA-C595 as a diagnostic radioimmunoconjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh Hull
- Allied Health and Human Performance Academic Unit, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Department of PET, Nuclear Medicine & Bone Densitometry, Royal Adelaide Hospital, SA Medical Imaging, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Yanrui Li
- Allied Health and Human Performance Academic Unit, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Dylan Bartholomeusz
- Department of PET, Nuclear Medicine & Bone Densitometry, Royal Adelaide Hospital, SA Medical Imaging, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - William Hsieh
- Allied Health and Human Performance Academic Unit, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Department of PET, Nuclear Medicine & Bone Densitometry, Royal Adelaide Hospital, SA Medical Imaging, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - William Tieu
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Unit, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Tara L. Pukala
- School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Alexander H. Staudacher
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Eva Bezak
- Allied Health and Human Performance Academic Unit, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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16
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V F Esposito T, Rodríguez-Rodríguez C, Blackadar C, Haney EF, Pletzer D, E W Hancock R, Saatchi K, Häfeli UO. Biodistribution and Toxicity of Innate Defense Regulator 1018 (IDR-1018). Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 179:11-25. [PMID: 36028151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Innate defense regulators (IDRs) are synthetic host-defense peptides (HDPs) with broad-spectrum anti-infective properties, including immunomodulatory, anti-biofilm and direct antimicrobial activities. A lack of pharmacokinetic data about these peptides hinders their development and makes it challenging to fully understand how they work in vivo since their mechanism of action is dependent on tissue concentrations of the peptide. Here, we set out to define in detail the pharmacokinetics of a well-characterized IDR molecule, IDR-1018. To make the peptide traceable, it was radiolabeled with the long-lived gamma-emitting isotope gallium-67. After a series of bench-top characterizations, the radiotracer was administered to healthy mice intravenously (IV) or subcutaneously (SQ) at various dose levels (2.5-13 mg/kg). Nuclear imaging and ex-vivo biodistributions were used to quantify organ and tissue uptake of the radiotracer over time. When administered as an IV bolus, the distribution profile of the radiotracer changed as the dose was escalated. At 2.5 mg/kg, the peptide was well-tolerated, poorly circulated in the blood and was cleared predominately by the reticuloendothelial system. Higher doses (7 and 13 mg/kg) as an IV bolus were almost immediately lethal due to respiratory arrest; significant lung uptake of the radiotracer was observed from nuclear scans of these animals, and histological examination found extensive damage to the pulmonary vasculature and alveoli. When administered SQ at a dose of 3 mg/kg, radiolabeled IDR-1018 was rapidly absorbed from the site of injection and predominately cleared renally. Apart from the SQ injection site, no other tissue had a concentration above the minimum inhibitory concentration that would enable this peptide to exert direct antimicrobial effects against most pathogenic bacteria. Tissue concentrations were sufficient however to disrupt microbial biofilms and alter the host immune response. Overall, this study demonstrated that the administration of synthetic IDR peptide in vivo is best suited to local administration which avoids some of the issues associated with peptide toxicity that are observed when administered systemically by IV injection, an issue that will have to be addressed through formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tullio V F Esposito
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Colin Blackadar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Evan F Haney
- Centre for Microbial Disease and Immunity Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Asep Medical Holdings, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Daniel Pletzer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Robert E W Hancock
- Centre for Microbial Disease and Immunity Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Katayoun Saatchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Urs O Häfeli
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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17
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Chelation of Theranostic Copper Radioisotopes with S-Rich Macrocycles: From Radiolabelling of Copper-64 to In Vivo Investigation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134158. [PMID: 35807404 PMCID: PMC9268100 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper radioisotopes are generally employed for cancer imaging and therapy when firmly coordinated via a chelating agent coupled to a tumor-seeking vector. However, the biologically triggered Cu2+-Cu+ redox switching may constrain the in vivo integrity of the resulting complex, leading to demetallation processes. This unsought pathway is expected to be hindered by chelators bearing N, O, and S donors which appropriately complements the borderline-hard and soft nature of Cu2+ and Cu+. In this work, the labelling performances of a series of S-rich polyazamacrocyclic chelators with [64Cu]Cu2+ and the stability of the [64Cu]Cu-complexes thereof were evaluated. Among the chelators considered, the best results were obtained with 1,7-bis [2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl]-4,10,diacetic acid-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (DO2A2S). DO2A2S was labelled at high molar activities in mild reaction conditions, and its [64Cu]Cu2+ complex showed excellent integrity in human serum over 24 h. Biodistribution studies in BALB/c nude mice performed with [64Cu][Cu(DO2A2S)] revealed a behavior similar to other [64Cu]Cu-labelled cyclen derivatives characterized by high liver and kidney uptake, which could either be ascribed to transchelation phenomena or metabolic processing of the intact complex.
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18
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Iikuni S, Tarumizu Y, Tsuchihashi S, Ohara T, Watanabe H, Ono M. Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel 111In-Labeled Picolinic Acid-Based Radioligands Containing an Albumin Binder for Development of a Radiotheranostic Platform. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:2725-2736. [PMID: 35758049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Picolinic acid-based metallic chelators, e.g., neunpa and octapa, have attracted much attention as promising scaffolds for radiotheranostic agents, particularly those containing larger α-emitting radiometals. Furthermore, albumin binder (ALB) moieties, which noncovalently bind to albumin, have been utilized to improve the pharmacokinetics of radioligands targeting various biomolecules. In this study, we designed and synthesized novel neunpa and octapa derivatives (Neunpa-2 and Octapa-2, respectively), which contained a prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-binding moiety (model targeting vector) and an ALB moiety. We evaluated the fundamental properties of these derivatives as radiotheranostic agents using 111In. In a cell-binding assay using LNCaP (PSMA-positive) cells, [111In]In-Neunpa-2 and [111In]In-Octapa-2 specifically bound to the LNCaP cells. In addition, a human serum albumin (HSA)-binding assay revealed that [111In]In-Neunpa-2 and [111In]In-Octapa-2 exhibited greater binding to HSA than their non-ALB-conjugated counterparts ([111In]In-Neunpa-1 and [111In]In-Octapa-1, respectively). A biodistribution assay conducted in LNCaP tumor-bearing mice showed that the introduction of the ALB moiety into the 111In-labeled neunpa and octapa derivatives resulted in markedly enhanced tumor uptake and retention of the radioligands. Furthermore, single-photon emission computed tomography imaging of LNCaP tumor-bearing mice with [111In]In-Octapa-2 produced tumor images. These results indicate that [111In]In-Octapa-2 may be a useful PSMA imaging probe and that picolinic acid-based ALB-conjugated radiometallic complexes may be promising candidates as radiotheranostic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimpei Iikuni
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 606-8501 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuta Tarumizu
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 606-8501 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shohei Tsuchihashi
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 606-8501 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takaki Ohara
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 606-8501 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 606-8501 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ono
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 606-8501 Kyoto, Japan
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19
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Copper-67-Labeled Bombesin Peptide for Targeted Radionuclide Therapy of Prostate Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060728. [PMID: 35745647 PMCID: PMC9229378 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) is a promising molecular target for imaging and therapy of prostate cancer using bombesin peptides that bind to the receptor with high affinity. Targeted copper theranostics (TCTs) using copper radionuclides, 64Cu for imaging and 67Cu for therapy, offer significant advantages in the development of next-generation theranostics. [64Cu]Cu-SAR-BBN is in clinical development for PET imaging of GRPR-expressing cancers. This study explores the therapeutic efficacy of [67Cu]Cu-SAR-BBN in a pre-clinical mouse model. The peptide was radiolabeled with 67Cu, and specific binding of the radiolabeled peptide towards GRPR-positive PC-3 prostate cancer cells was confirmed with 52.2 ± 1.4% total bound compared to 5.8 ± 0.1% with blocking. A therapy study with [67Cu]Cu-SAR-BBN was conducted in mice bearing PC-3 tumors by injecting 24 MBq doses a total of six times. Tumor growth was inhibited by 93.3% compared to the control group on day 19, and median survival increased from 34.5 days for the control group to greater than 54 days for the treatment group. The ease and stability of the radiochemistry, favorable biodistribution, and the positive tumor inhibition demonstrate the suitability of this copper-based theranostic agent for clinical assessment in the treatment of cancers expressing GRPR.
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20
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McCollum S, Kalivas A, Kirkham M, Kunz K, Okojie J, Pavek A, Barrott J. Oncostatin M Receptor as a Therapeutic Target for Radioimmune Therapy in Synovial Sarcoma. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060650. [PMID: 35745569 PMCID: PMC9228444 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a pediatric muscle cancer that primarily affects adolescents and young adults and has few treatment options. Complicating the treatment of synovial sarcoma is the low mutational burden of SS. Inflammatory pathways have been identified as being upregulated in some SS, leading to the discovery of upregulated oncostatin M receptor (OSMR). It was found that OSMR is upregulated in SS by RNAseq analysis and quantitative PCR, highlighting its potential in the treatment of SS. Also, OSMR is upregulated in mouse models for synovial sarcoma as demonstrated by western blot and immunohistochemistry, and the protein is present in both primary and metastatic sites of disease. Using a radioimmune therapy drug model, targeted therapy was synthesized for use in OSMR expressing SS and it was demonstrated that this drug is stable, while capable of efficient OSMR binding and isotope capture. Finally, this antibody conjugate exhibited ideal pharmacokinetics and targeted sites of disease in our mouse model and was taken up in both primary and metastatic diseased tissue. This suggests OSMR as an ideal target for therapy and this radioimmune therapy provides a novel treatment option for a disease with few therapy choices.
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21
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Firth G, Blower JE, Bartnicka JJ, Mishra A, Michaels AM, Rigby A, Darwesh A, Al-Salemee F, Blower PJ. Non-invasive radionuclide imaging of trace metal trafficking in health and disease: "PET metallomics". RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:495-518. [PMID: 35656481 PMCID: PMC9092424 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00033d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Several specific metallic elements must be present in the human body to maintain health and function. Maintaining the correct quantity (from trace to bulk) and location at the cell and tissue level is essential. The study of the biological role of metals has become known as metallomics. While quantities of metals in cells and tissues can be readily measured in biopsy and autopsy samples by destructive analytical techniques, their trafficking and its role in health and disease are poorly understood. Molecular imaging with radionuclides - positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) - is emerging as a means to non-invasively study the acute trafficking of essential metals between organs, non-invasively and in real time, in health and disease. PET scanners are increasingly widely available in hospitals, and methods for producing radionuclides of some of the key essential metals are developing fast. This review summarises recent developments in radionuclide imaging technology that permit such investigations, describes the radiological and physicochemical properties of key radioisotopes of essential trace metals and useful analogues, and introduces current and potential future applications in preclinical and clinical investigations to study the biology of essential trace metals in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Firth
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | - Julia E Blower
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | - Joanna J Bartnicka
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | - Aishwarya Mishra
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | - Aidan M Michaels
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | - Alex Rigby
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | - Afnan Darwesh
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | - Fahad Al-Salemee
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | - Philip J Blower
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital London UK
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22
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Holik HA, Ibrahim FM, Elaine AA, Putra BD, Achmad A, Kartamihardja AHS. The Chemical Scaffold of Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals: Radionuclide, Bifunctional Chelator, and Pharmacokinetics Modifying Linker. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103062. [PMID: 35630536 PMCID: PMC9143622 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals have been researched extensively in the last decade as a result of the growing research interest in personalized medicine to improve diagnostic accuracy and intensify intensive therapy while limiting side effects. Radiometal-based drugs are of substantial interest because of their greater versatility for clinical translation compared to non-metal radionuclides. This paper comprehensively discusses various components commonly used as chemical scaffolds to build radiopharmaceutical agents, i.e., radionuclides, pharmacokinetic-modifying linkers, and chelators, whose characteristics are explained and can be used as a guide for the researcher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holis Abdul Holik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (F.M.I.); (A.A.E.); (B.D.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Faisal Maulana Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (F.M.I.); (A.A.E.); (B.D.P.)
| | - Angela Alysia Elaine
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (F.M.I.); (A.A.E.); (B.D.P.)
| | - Bernap Dwi Putra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (F.M.I.); (A.A.E.); (B.D.P.)
| | - Arifudin Achmad
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Theranostics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; (A.A.); (A.H.S.K.)
- Oncology and Stem Cell Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia
| | - Achmad Hussein Sundawa Kartamihardja
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Theranostics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; (A.A.); (A.H.S.K.)
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23
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Mou L, Martini P, Pupillo G, Cieszykowska I, Cutler CS, Mikołajczak R. 67Cu Production Capabilities: A Mini Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27051501. [PMID: 35268600 PMCID: PMC8912090 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Is the 67Cu production worldwide feasible for expanding preclinical and clinical studies? How can we face the ingrowing demands of this emerging and promising theranostic radionuclide for personalized therapies? This review looks at the different production routes, including the accelerator- and reactor-based ones, providing a comprehensive overview of the actual 67Cu supply, with brief insight into its use in non-clinical and clinical studies. In addition to the most often explored nuclear reactions, this work focuses on the 67Cu separation and purification techniques, as well as the target material recovery procedures that are mandatory for the economic sustainability of the production cycle. The quality aspects, such as radiochemical, chemical, and radionuclidic purity, with particular attention to the coproduction of the counterpart 64Cu, are also taken into account, with detailed comparisons among the different production routes. Future possibilities related to new infrastructures are included in this work, as well as new developments on the radiopharmaceuticals aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Mou
- Legnaro National Laboratories, National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy; (L.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Petra Martini
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; or
| | - Gaia Pupillo
- Legnaro National Laboratories, National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy; (L.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Izabela Cieszykowska
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, 05-400 Otwock, Poland;
| | - Cathy S. Cutler
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Collider Accelerator Department, Upton, NY 11973, USA;
| | - Renata Mikołajczak
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, 05-400 Otwock, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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24
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Tosato M, Pelosato M, Franchi S, Isse AA, May NV, Zanoni G, Mancin F, Pastore P, Badocco D, Asti M, Di Marco V. When ring makes the difference: coordination properties of Cu 2+/Cu + complexes with sulfur-pendant polyazamacrocycles for radiopharmaceutical applications. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01032a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The Cu2+/+ complexes formed by sulfur-containing polyazamacrocycles were studied in aqueous solution using potentiometry, UV-Vis, NMR, EPR, and cyclic voltammetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Tosato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Pelosato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Franchi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | | | - Nóra Veronica May
- Centre for Structural Science, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Giordano Zanoni
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Mancin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Pastore
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Denis Badocco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Mattia Asti
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Section, Nuclear Medicine Unit, AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Valerio Di Marco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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25
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Egorova BV, Kalmykova TP, Zubenko AD, Shchukina AA, Karnoukhova VA, Likhosherstova DV, Priselkova AB, Fedorov YV, Fedorova OA, Kalmykov SN. Comparative Study of Macrocyclic and Acyclic Picolinate Derivatives for Chelation of Copper Cations. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bayirta V. Egorova
- Lomonosov Moscow state university 119991 Leninskie Gory, 1/3 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Taisia P. Kalmykova
- Lomonosov Moscow state university 119991 Leninskie Gory, 1/3 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia D. Zubenko
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences 119991 Vavilova, 28, GSP-1 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Anna A. Shchukina
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences 119991 Vavilova, 28, GSP-1 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Valentina A. Karnoukhova
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences 119991 Vavilova, 28, GSP-1 Moscow Russian Federation
| | | | - Anna B. Priselkova
- Lomonosov Moscow state university 119991 Leninskie Gory, 1/3 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Yuri V. Fedorov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences 119991 Vavilova, 28, GSP-1 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Olga A. Fedorova
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences 119991 Vavilova, 28, GSP-1 Moscow Russian Federation
- D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia 125047 Miusskaya sqr. 9 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Stepan N. Kalmykov
- Lomonosov Moscow state university 119991 Leninskie Gory, 1/3 Moscow Russian Federation
- Frumkin Institute of Physical chemistry and Electrochemistry Russian academy of sciences (IPCE RAS) 119071 Leninsky prospect, 31, bld.4 Moscow Russian Federation
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26
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Copper-64-Labeled 1C1m-Fc, a New Tool for TEM-1 PET Imaging and Prediction of Lutetium-177-Labeled 1C1m-Fc Therapy Efficacy and Safety. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235936. [PMID: 34885044 PMCID: PMC8657097 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The prevalence of TEM-1 in the vasculature and the stroma of solid tumors and in malignant cells of sarcomas suggests that targeting TEM-1 could have therapeutic benefit. In this context, an anti-TEM-1 companion diagnostic may assist in the personalized medicine approach, whereby TEM-1 expression is exploited as a biomarker to select patients that would most benefit from a treatment directed toward the TEM-1 antigen. In our previous works, we have selected 1C1m-Fc, a fusion protein antibody, radiolabeled it with 177Lu and demonstrated that [177Lu]Lu-1C1m-Fc has interesting therapeutic performance. To define a suitable radiopharmaceutical companion for theranostic applications, 64Cu was chosen to radiolabel the fusion protein antibody. The aim of this work was thus to determine if [64Cu]Cu-1C1m-Fc can be considered for TEM-1 PET imaging and to predict the dosimetry of the [177Lu]Lu-1C1m-Fc companion therapy. Abstract 1C1m-Fc, a promising anti-TEM-1 DOTA conjugate, was labeled with 64Cu to target cancer cells for PET imaging and predicting the efficacy and safety of a previously studied [177Lu]Lu-1C1m-Fc companion therapy. DOTA-conjugated 1C1m-Fc was characterized by mass spectrometry, thin layer chromatography and immunoreactivity assessment. PET/CT and biodistribution studies were performed in human neuroblastoma xenografted mice. Absorbed doses were assessed from biodistribution results and extrapolated to 177Lu based on the [64Cu]Cu-1C1m-Fc data. The immunoreactivity was ≥ 70% after 48 h of incubation in serum, and the specificity of [64Cu]Cu-1C1m-Fc for the target was validated. High-resolution PET/CT images were obtained, with the best tumor-to-organ ratios reached at 24 or 48 h and correlated with results of the biodistribution study. Healthy organs receiving the highest doses were the liver, the kidneys and the uterus. [64Cu]Cu-1C1m-Fc could be of interest to give an indication of 177Lu dosimetry for parenchymal organs. In the uterus and the tumor, characterized by specific TEM-1 expression, the 177Lu-extrapolated absorbed doses are overestimated because of the lack of later measurement time points. Nevertheless, 1C1m-Fc radiolabeled with 64Cu for imaging would appear as an interesting radionuclide companion for therapeutic application with [177Lu]Lu-1C1m-Fc.
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27
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Jauregui-Osoro M, De Robertis S, Halsted P, Gould SM, Yu Z, Paul RL, Marsden PK, Gee AD, Fenwick A, Blower PJ. Production of copper-64 using a hospital cyclotron: targetry, purification and quality analysis. Nucl Med Commun 2021; 42:1024-1038. [PMID: 34397988 PMCID: PMC8357037 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To construct and evaluate a 64Cu production system that minimises the amount of costly 64Ni, radionuclidic impurities and nonradioactive metal contamination and maximises radiochemical and radionuclidic purity and molar activity; and to report analytical and quality control methods that can be used within typical PET radiochemistry production facilities to measure metal ion concentrations and radiometal molar activities. METHODS Low volume was ensured by dissolving the irradiated nickel in a low volume of hydrochloric acid (<1 mL) using the concave gold target backing as a reaction vessel in a custom-built target holder. Removal of contaminating 55Co and nonradioactive trace metals was ensured by adding an intermediate hydrochloric acid concentration step during the conventional ion-exchange elution process. The radionuclidic purity of the product was determined by half-life measurements, gamma spectroscopy and ion radiochromatography. Trace metal contamination and molar activity were determined by ion chromatography. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS On a small scale, suitable for preclinical research, the process produced typically 3.2 GBq 64Cu in 2 mL solution from 9.4 ± 2.1 mg nickel-64 electroplated onto a gold target backing. The product had high molar activity (121.5 GBq/µmol), was free of trace metal contamination detectable by ion chromatography and has been used for many preclinical and clinical PET imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Jauregui-Osoro
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St Thomas’ Hospital
| | - Simona De Robertis
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St Thomas’ Hospital
| | - Philip Halsted
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St Thomas’ Hospital
| | - Sarah-May Gould
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St Thomas’ Hospital
| | - Zilin Yu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St Thomas’ Hospital
| | - Rowena L Paul
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St Thomas’ Hospital
| | - Paul K Marsden
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St Thomas’ Hospital
| | - Antony D Gee
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St Thomas’ Hospital
| | - Andrew Fenwick
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, London, UK
| | - Philip J. Blower
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St Thomas’ Hospital
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28
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Farleigh M, Pham TT, Yu Z, Kim J, Sunassee K, Firth G, Forte N, Chudasama V, Baker JR, Long NJ, Rivas C, Ma MT. New Bifunctional Chelators Incorporating Dibromomaleimide Groups for Radiolabeling of Antibodies with Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Radioisotopes. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:1214-1222. [PMID: 33724798 PMCID: PMC8299457 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging with antibody-based contrast agents frequently uses the radioisotopes [64Cu]Cu2+ and [89Zr]Zr4+. The macrobicyclic chelator commonly known as sarcophagine (sar) is ideal for labeling receptor-targeted biomolecules with [64Cu]Cu2+. The siderophore chelator, desferrioxamine-B (dfo), has been widely used to incorporate [89Zr]Zr4+ into antibodies. Here, we describe new bifunctional chelators of sar and dfo: these chelators have been functionalized with dibromomaleimides (dbm), that enable site-specific and highly stable attachment of molecular cargoes to reduced, solvent-accessible, interstrand native disulfide groups. The new sar-dbm and dfo-dbm derivatives can be easily conjugated with the IgG antibody trastuzumab via reaction with reduced interstrand disulfide groups to give site-specifically modified dithiomaleamic acid (dtm) conjugates, sar-dtm-trastuzumab and dfo-dtm-trastuzumab, in which interstrand disulfides are rebridged covalently with a small molecule linker. Both sar- and dfo-dtm-trastuzumab conjugates have been radiolabeled with [64Cu]Cu2+ and [89Zr]Zr4+, respectively, in near quantitative radiochemical yield (>99%). Serum stability studies, in vivo PET imaging, and biodistribution analyses using these radiolabeled immunoconjugates demonstrate that both [64Cu]Cu-sar-dtm-trastuzumab and [89Zr]Zr-dfo-dtm-trastuzumab possess high stability in biological milieu. Dibromomaleimide technology can be easily applied to enable stable, site-specific attachment of radiolabeled chelators, such as sar and dfo, to native interstrand disulfide regions of antibodies, enabling tracking of antibodies with PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Farleigh
- School
of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K.
| | - Truc Thuy Pham
- School
of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K.
| | - Zilin Yu
- School
of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K.
| | - Jana Kim
- School
of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K.
| | - Kavitha Sunassee
- School
of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K.
| | - George Firth
- School
of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K.
| | - Nafsika Forte
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - James R. Baker
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Nicholas J. Long
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular
Sciences Research Hub, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Charlotte Rivas
- School
of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K.
| | - Michelle T. Ma
- School
of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K.
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Tosato M, Dalla Tiezza M, May NV, Isse AA, Nardella S, Orian L, Verona M, Vaccarin C, Alker A, Mäcke H, Pastore P, Di Marco V. Copper Coordination Chemistry of Sulfur Pendant Cyclen Derivatives: An Attempt to Hinder the Reductive-Induced Demetalation in 64/67Cu Radiopharmaceuticals. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:11530-11547. [PMID: 34279088 PMCID: PMC8389837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The Cu2+ complexes formed by a series of cyclen derivatives bearing sulfur pendant arms, 1,4,7,10-tetrakis[2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (DO4S), 1,4,7-tris[2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (DO3S), 1,4,7-tris[2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl]-10-acetamido-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (DO3SAm), and 1,7-bis[2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl]-4,10-diacetic acid-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (DO2A2S), were studied in aqueous solution at 25 °C from thermodynamic and structural points of view to evaluate their potential as chelators for copper radioisotopes. UV-vis spectrophotometric out-of-cell titrations under strongly acidic conditions, direct in-cell UV-vis titrations, potentiometric measurements at pH >4, and spectrophotometric Ag+-Cu2+ competition experiments were performed to evaluate the stoichiometry and stability constants of the Cu2+ complexes. A highly stable 1:1 metal-to-ligand complex (CuL) was found in solution at all pH values for all chelators, and for DO2A2S, protonated species were also detected under acidic conditions. The structures of the Cu2+ complexes in aqueous solution were investigated by UV-vis and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and the results were supported by relativistic density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Isomers were detected that differed from their coordination modes. Crystals of [Cu(DO4S)(NO3)]·NO3 and [Cu(DO2A2S)] suitable for X-ray diffraction were obtained. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments highlighted the remarkable stability of the copper complexes with reference to dissociation upon reduction from Cu2+ to Cu+ on the CV time scale. The Cu+ complexes were generated in situ by electrolysis and examined by NMR spectroscopy. DFT calculations gave further structural insights. These results demonstrate that the investigated sulfur-containing chelators are promising candidates for application in copper-based radiopharmaceuticals. In this connection, the high stability of both Cu2+ and Cu+ complexes can represent a key parameter for avoiding in vivo demetalation after bioinduced reduction to Cu+, often observed for other well-known chelators that can stabilize only Cu2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Tosato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Dalla Tiezza
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Nóra V May
- Centre for Structural Science, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok Körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Abdirisak Ahmed Isse
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Sonia Nardella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Orian
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Verona
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Christian Vaccarin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - André Alker
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Helmut Mäcke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Paolo Pastore
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Valerio Di Marco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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30
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Rudd SE, Van Zuylekom JK, Raicevic A, Pearce LA, Cullinane C, Williams CC, Adams TE, Hicks RJ, Donnelly PS. Enzyme mediated incorporation of zirconium-89 or copper-64 into a fragment antibody for same day imaging of epidermal growth factor receptor. Chem Sci 2021; 12:9004-9016. [PMID: 34276928 PMCID: PMC8261882 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01422f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of tumors which over-express Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is important in selecting patients for anti-EGFR therapies. Enzymatic bioconjugation was used to introduce positron-emitting radionuclides (89Zr, 64Cu) into an anti-EGFR antibody fragment for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging the same day as injection. A monovalent antibody fragment with high affinity for EGFR was engineered to include a sequence that is recognized by the transpeptidase sortase A. Two different metal chelators, one for 89ZrIV and one for 64CuII, were modified with a N-terminal glycine to enable them to act as substrates in sortase A mediated bioconjugation to the antibody fragment. Both fragments provided high-quality PET images of EGFR positive tumors in a mouse model at 3 hours post-injection, a significant advantage when compared to radiolabeled full antibodies that require several days between injection of the tracer and imaging. The use of enzymatic bioconjugation gives reproducible homogeneous products with the metal complexes selectively installed on the C-terminus of the antibody potentially simplifying regulatory approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey E Rudd
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science, Biotechnology Institute University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | | | - Anna Raicevic
- CSIRO Manufacturing Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
| | | | - Carleen Cullinane
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Melbourne Victoria 3000 Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
| | | | | | - Rodney J Hicks
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Paul S Donnelly
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science, Biotechnology Institute University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
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31
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Aghevlian S, Wu B, Raie MN, Tumbale SK, Kare AJ, Seo JW, Ferrara KW. Pre-clinical evaluation of immunoPET imaging using agonist CD40 monoclonal antibody in pancreatic tumor-bearing mice. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 98-99:8-17. [PMID: 33962357 PMCID: PMC8486004 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A novel [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-aCD40 immunoPET tracer was developed to image a CD40+ pancreatic tumor model in C57BL/6 mice and to study the biodistribution profile of the agonist CD40 (aCD40) monoclonal antibody (mAb) alone or combined with other mAbs. PROCEDURES Copper-64 ([64Cu]Cu) labeled NOTA-aCD40 and NOTA-IgG (10 μg; 7 MBq) were injected intravenously into C57BL/6 mice with subcutaneous mT4 tumors to assess specificity 48 h post injection (p.i.) through positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging and biodistribution studies (n = 5). [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-aCD40 was injected alone or simultaneously in combination with a therapeutic mass of cold aCD40 (100 μg), aPD-1 (200 μg) and aCTLA-4 (200 μg) mAbs. A group of mice with or without tumor received the second round of injections 1 or 3 weeks apart, respectively. PET/CT imaging and biodistribution studies were performed at 48 h p.i. The organ dose for [64Cu]Cu was estimated based on biodistribution studies with 2 μg [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-aCD40 (corresponds to 5 mg patient dose) in non-tumor bearing mice. RESULTS [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-aCD40 accumulation was 2.3- and 7.8-fold higher than [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-IgG in tumors and spleen, respectively, indicating the specificity of aCD40 mAb in a mouse pancreatic tumor model. Tumor accumulation of [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-aCD40 was 21.2 ± 7.3%ID/g at 48 h after injection. Co-injection of [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-aCD40 with cold aCD40 mAb alone or with PD-1 and CTLA-4 mAbs reduced both spleen and tumor uptake, whereas liver uptake was increased. With the second round of injections, the liver was the only organ with substantial uptake. With a 2 μg administered dose of [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-aCD40 in a dosimetry study, the liver to spleen ratio was greater compared to the 10 μg dose (2.8 vs 0.37; respectively). The human equivalent for the highest dose organ (liver) was 198 ± 28.7 μSv/MBq. CONCLUSIONS A CD40-immunoreactive [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-aCD40 probe was developed. The ratio of spleen to liver accumulation exceeded that of the IgG isotype and was greatest with a single small, injected mass. The safety of human patient imaging with [64Cu]Cu was established based on extrapolation of the organ specificity to human imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Aghevlian
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marina Nura Raie
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Spencer K Tumbale
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aris J Kare
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jai W Seo
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Katherine W Ferrara
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Miranda ACC, dos Santos SN, Fuscaldi LL, Balieiro LM, Bellini MH, Guimarães MICC, de Araújo EB. Radioimmunotheranostic Pair Based on the Anti-HER2 Monoclonal Antibody: Influence of Chelating Agents and Radionuclides on Biological Properties. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:971. [PMID: 34198999 PMCID: PMC8309196 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The oncogene HER2 is an important molecular target in oncology because it is associated with aggressive disease and the worst prognosis. The development of non-invasive imaging techniques and target therapies using monoclonal antibodies is a rapidly developing field. Thus, this work proposes the study of the radioimmunotheranostic pair, [111In]In-DTPA-trastuzumab and [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-trastuzumab, evaluating the influence of the chelating agents and radionuclides on the biological properties of the radioimmunoconjugates (RICs). The trastuzumab was immunoconjugated with the chelators DTPA and DOTA and radiolabeled with [111In]InCl3 and [177Lu]LuCl3, respectively. The stability of the RICs was evaluated in serum, and the immunoreactive and internalization fractions were determined in SK-BR-3 breast cancer cells. The in vivo pharmacokinetics and dosimetry quantification and the ex vivo biodistribution were performed in normal and SK-BR-3 tumor-bearing mice. The data showed that there was no influence of the chelating agents and radionuclides on the immunoreactive and internalization fractions of RICs. In contrast, they influenced the stability of RICs in serum, as well as the pharmacokinetics, dosimetry and biodistribution profiles. Therefore, the results showed that the nature of the chelating agent and radionuclide could influence the biological properties of the radioimmunotheranostic pair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cláudia Camargo Miranda
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa, Sao Paulo 05652-900, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN/CNEN, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (S.N.d.S.); (L.M.B.); (M.H.B.); (E.B.d.A.)
| | - Sofia Nascimento dos Santos
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN/CNEN, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (S.N.d.S.); (L.M.B.); (M.H.B.); (E.B.d.A.)
| | - Leonardo Lima Fuscaldi
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 01221-020, Brazil;
| | - Luiza Mascarenhas Balieiro
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN/CNEN, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (S.N.d.S.); (L.M.B.); (M.H.B.); (E.B.d.A.)
| | - Maria Helena Bellini
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN/CNEN, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (S.N.d.S.); (L.M.B.); (M.H.B.); (E.B.d.A.)
| | - Maria Inês Calil Cury Guimarães
- Instituto de Radiologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-911, Brazil;
| | - Elaine Bortoleti de Araújo
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN/CNEN, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (S.N.d.S.); (L.M.B.); (M.H.B.); (E.B.d.A.)
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Chomet M, van Dongen GAMS, Vugts DJ. State of the Art in Radiolabeling of Antibodies with Common and Uncommon Radiometals for Preclinical and Clinical Immuno-PET. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:1315-1330. [PMID: 33974403 PMCID: PMC8299458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Inert
and stable radiolabeling of monoclonal antibodies (mAb),
antibody fragments, or antibody mimetics with radiometals is a prerequisite
for immuno-PET. While radiolabeling is preferably fast, mild, efficient,
and reproducible, especially when applied for human use in a current
Good Manufacturing Practice compliant way, it is crucial that the
obtained radioimmunoconjugate is stable and shows preserved immunoreactivity
and in vivo behavior. Radiometals and chelators have
extensively been evaluated to come to the most ideal radiometal–chelator
pair for each type of antibody derivative. Although PET imaging of
antibodies is a relatively recent tool, applications with 89Zr, 64Cu, and 68Ga have greatly increased in
recent years, especially in the clinical setting, while other less
common radionuclides such as 52Mn, 86Y, 66Ga, and 44Sc, but also 18F as in [18F]AlF are emerging promising candidates for the radiolabeling
of antibodies. This review presents a state of the art overview of
the practical aspects of radiolabeling of antibodies, ranging from
fast kinetic affibodies and nanobodies to slow kinetic intact mAbs.
Herein, we focus on the most common approach which consists of first
modification of the antibody with a chelator, and after eventual storage
of the premodified molecule, radiolabeling as a second step. Other
approaches are possible but have been excluded from this review. The
review includes recent and representative examples from the literature
highlighting which radiometal–chelator–antibody combinations
are the most successful for in vivo application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Chomet
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Guus A M S van Dongen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle J Vugts
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
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Chen D, Fan Q, Xu T, Dong J, Cui J, Wang Z, Wang J, Meng Q, Li S. Design, Synthesis and Binding Affinity Evaluation of Cytochrome P450 1B1 Targeted Chelators. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:261-269. [PMID: 33820523 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210405091645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) is specifically expressed in a variety of tumors which makes it a promise imaging target of tumor. OBJECTIVE We aimed to design and synthesize CYP1B1 targeted chelators for the potential application in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of tumor. METHODS 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4-diiacetic acid (NODA) was connected to the CYP1B1 selective inhibitor we developed before through polyethylene glycol (PEG) linkers with different lengths. The inhibitory activities of chelators 6a-c against CYP1 family were evaluated by 7-ethoxyresorufin o-deethylation (EROD) assay. The manual docking between the chelators and the CYP1B1 are conducted subsequently. To determine the binding affinities of 6a-c to CYP1B1 in cells, we further performed a competition study at the cell level. RESULTS Among three chelators, 6a with the shortest linker showed the best inhibitory activity against CYP1B1. In the following molecular simulation study, protein-inhibitor complex of 6a showed the nearest F-heme distance which is consistent with the results of enzymatic assay. Finally, the cell based competitive assay proved the binding affinity of 6a-c to CYP1B1 enzyme. CONCLUSION We designed and synthesized a series of chelators which can bind to CYP1B1 enzyme in cancer cells.To our knowledge, this work is the first attempt to construct CYP1B1 targeted chelators for radiolabeling and we hope it will prompt the application of CYP1B1 imaging in tumor detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240. China
| | - Qiqi Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240. China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Breast Disease, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1961 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030. China
| | - Jinyun Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240. China
| | - Jiahua Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240. China
| | - Zengtao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240. China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Breast Disease, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1961 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030. China
| | - Qingqing Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240. China
| | - Shaoshun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240. China
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35
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Khan AA, T. M. de Rosales R. Radiolabelling of Extracellular Vesicles for PET and SPECT imaging. Nanotheranostics 2021; 5:256-274. [PMID: 33654653 PMCID: PMC7914338 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.51676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as exosomes and microvesicles have gained recent attention as potential biomarkers of disease as well as nanomedicinal tools, but their behaviour in vivo remains mostly unexplored. In order to gain knowledge of their in vivo biodistribution it is important to develop imaging tools that allow us to track EVs over time and at the whole-body level. Radionuclide-based imaging (PET and SPECT) have properties that allow us to do so efficiently, mostly due to their high sensitivity, imaging signal tissue penetration, and accurate quantification. Furthermore, they can be easily translated from animals to humans. In this review, we summarise and discuss the different studies that have used PET or SPECT to study the behaviour of EVs in vivo. With a focus on the different radiolabelling methods used, we also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each one, and the challenges of imaging EVs due to their variable stability and heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael T. M. de Rosales
- Dept. of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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36
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Witney TH, Blower PJ. The chemical tool-kit for molecular imaging with radionuclides in the age of targeted and immune therapy. Cancer Imaging 2021; 21:18. [PMID: 33516256 PMCID: PMC7847158 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-021-00385-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear medicine has evolved over the last half-century from a functional imaging modality using a handful of radiopharmaceuticals, many of unknown structure and mechanism of action, into a modern speciality that can properly be described as molecular imaging, with a very large number of specific radioactive probes of known structure that image specific molecular processes. The advances of cancer treatment in recent decades towards targeted and immune therapies, combined with recognition of heterogeneity of cancer cell phenotype among patients, within patients and even within tumours, has created a growing need for personalised molecular imaging to support treatment decision. This article describes the evolution of the present vast range of radioactive probes – radiopharmaceuticals – leveraging a wide variety of chemical disciplines, over the last half century. These radiochemical innovations have been inspired by the need to support personalised medicine and also by the parallel development in development of new radionuclide imaging technologies – from gamma scintigraphy, through single photon emission tomography (SPECT), through the rise of clinical positron emission tomography (PET) and PET-CT, and perhaps in the future, by the advent of total body PET. Thus, in the interdisciplinary world of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging, as quickly as radiochemistry solutions are developed to meet new needs in cancer imaging, new challenges emerge as developments in one contributing technology drive innovations in the others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy H Witney
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, England
| | - Philip J Blower
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, England.
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37
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Pellico J, Gawne PJ, T M de Rosales R. Radiolabelling of nanomaterials for medical imaging and therapy. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:3355-3423. [PMID: 33491714 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00384k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials offer unique physical, chemical and biological properties of interest for medical imaging and therapy. Over the last two decades, there has been an increasing effort to translate nanomaterial-based medicinal products (so-called nanomedicines) into clinical practice and, although multiple nanoparticle-based formulations are clinically available, there is still a disparity between the number of pre-clinical products and those that reach clinical approval. To facilitate the efficient clinical translation of nanomedicinal-drugs, it is important to study their whole-body biodistribution and pharmacokinetics from the early stages of their development. Integrating this knowledge with that of their therapeutic profile and/or toxicity should provide a powerful combination to efficiently inform nanomedicine trials and allow early selection of the most promising candidates. In this context, radiolabelling nanomaterials allows whole-body and non-invasive in vivo tracking by the sensitive clinical imaging techniques positron emission tomography (PET), and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Furthermore, certain radionuclides with specific nuclear emissions can elicit therapeutic effects by themselves, leading to radionuclide-based therapy. To ensure robust information during the development of nanomaterials for PET/SPECT imaging and/or radionuclide therapy, selection of the most appropriate radiolabelling method and knowledge of its limitations are critical. Different radiolabelling strategies are available depending on the type of material, the radionuclide and/or the final application. In this review we describe the different radiolabelling strategies currently available, with a critical vision over their advantages and disadvantages. The final aim is to review the most relevant and up-to-date knowledge available in this field, and support the efficient clinical translation of future nanomedicinal products for in vivo imaging and/or therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pellico
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.
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Yang H, Gao F, McNeil B, Zhang C, Yuan Z, Zeisler S, Kumlin J, Zeisler J, Bénard F, Ramogida C, Schaffer P. Synthesis of DOTA-pyridine chelates for 64Cu coordination and radiolabeling of αMSH peptide. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2021; 6:3. [PMID: 33438075 PMCID: PMC7803858 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-020-00119-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 64Cu is one of the few radioisotopes that can be used for both imaging and therapy, enabling theranostics with identical chemical composition. Development of stable chelators is essential to harness the potential of this isotope, challenged by the presence of endogenous copper chelators. Pyridyl type chelators show good coordination ability with copper, prompting the present study of a series of chelates DOTA-xPy (x = 1–4) that sequentially substitute carboxyl moieties with pyridyl moieties on a DOTA backbone. Results We found that the presence of pyridyl groups significantly increases 64Cu labeling conversion yield, with DOTA-2Py, −3Py and -4Py quantitatively complexing 64Cu at room temperature within 5 min (1 × 10− 4 M). [64Cu]Cu-DOTA-xPy (x = 2–4) exhibited good stability in human serum up to 24 h. When challenged with 1000 eq. of NOTA, no transmetallation was observed for all three 64Cu complexes. DOTA-xPy (x = 1–3) were conjugated to a cyclized α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (αMSH) peptide by using one of the pendant carboxyl groups as a bifunctional handle. [64Cu]Cu-DOTA-xPy-αMSH retained good serum stability (> 96% in 24 h) and showed high binding affinity (Ki = 2.1–3.7 nM) towards the melanocortin 1 receptor. Conclusion DOTA-xPy (x = 1–3) are promising chelators for 64Cu. Further in vivo evaluation is necessary to assess the full potential of these chelators as a tool to enable further theranostic radiopharmaceutical development. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41181-020-00119-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yang
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Feng Gao
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Brooke McNeil
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Zheliang Yuan
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Stefan Zeisler
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Joel Kumlin
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Jutta Zeisler
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - François Bénard
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel St, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Caterina Ramogida
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Paul Schaffer
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada. .,Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada. .,Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel St, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada.
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Miranda ACC, Durante ACR, Fuscaldi LL, Barbezan AB, de Lima CR, Perini E, de Araújo EB. Anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody based-radioimmunoconjugates: Assessment of the chelating agent influence. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 33:115996. [PMID: 33494011 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.115996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, the radioimmunoconjugates 111In-DTPA-trastuzumab and 177Lu-DOTA-trastuzumab were evaluated regarding the influence of the chelating agents on the physical-chemical parameters and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) tumor cell binding. Data showed that both chelating agents, at predetermined molar ratios (antibody:chelator - 1:10 and 1:20), did not influence the immunoconjugates integrity, the radiolabeling process and the radiolabeled antibodies stability. However, differences were observed in the lipophilic feature between DOTA and DTPA radioimmunoconjugates and in the specific binding to SK-BR-3 tumor cells (HER2 positive). Therefore, this study showed the importance of assessing the influence of chelating agents and their molar ratios in the development process of radioimmunoconjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cláudia Camargo Miranda
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Avenida Albert Einstein, 627/701, Sao Paulo 05652-900, Brazil; Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares/Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear (IPEN-CNEN), Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 2242, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil.
| | | | - Leonardo Lima Fuscaldi
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Avenida Albert Einstein, 627/701, Sao Paulo 05652-900, Brazil
| | - Angélica Bueno Barbezan
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares/Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear (IPEN-CNEN), Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 2242, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Cilene Rebouças de Lima
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 1524, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, Avenida Dr. Ussiel Cirilo, 111 a 213, Sao Paulo 08060-070, Brazil
| | - Efrain Perini
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares/Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear (IPEN-CNEN), Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 2242, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Elaine Bortoleti de Araújo
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares/Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear (IPEN-CNEN), Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 2242, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
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Design of a multivalent bifunctional chelator for diagnostic 64Cu PET imaging in Alzheimer's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:30928-30933. [PMID: 33234563 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2014058117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report a 64Cu positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agent that shows appreciable in vivo brain uptake and exhibits high specific affinity for beta-amyloid (Aβ) aggregates, leading to the successful PET imaging of amyloid plaques in the brains of 5xFAD mice versus those of wild-type mice. The employed approach uses a bifunctional chelator with two Aβ-interacting fragments that dramatically improves the Aβ-binding affinity and lipophilicity for favorable blood-brain barrier penetration, while the use of optimized-length spacers between the Cu-chelating group and the Aβ-interacting fragments further improves the in vivo Aβ-binding specificity and brain uptake of the corresponding 64Cu PET imaging agent.
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Piccardo A, Ugolini M, Righi S, Bottoni G, Cistaro A, Paparo F, Giovanella L, Evangelista L. Copper, PET/CT and prostate cancer: a systematic review of the literature. THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE ITALIAN ASSOCIATION OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE (AIMN) [AND] THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF RADIOPHARMACOLOGY (IAR), [AND] SECTION OF THE SOCIETY OF... 2020; 64:382-392. [PMID: 32900177 DOI: 10.23736/s1824-4785.20.03277-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Copper is an essential element that plays an important role in both cancer development and growth. Indeed, high levels of copper have been found in prostate cancer (PCa), and this finding have paved the way for the use of this element as a target for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Copper64 (64Cu) can be used alone, as 64CuCl2, and also as a precursor for the in-vitro radio-labelling of specific carriers for PET imaging in PCa, (e.g. associated to prostate-specific membrane antigen: PSMA). The use of 64Cu-PSMA can yield late acquisitions in which PET images are characterized by a higher target-to-background ratio. At the same time, the shorter positron range of 64Cu provides high spatial resolution, which leads to better detection of small lesions. In this context, the aim of this review was to systematically review studies evaluating the identification of PCa in humans by means of 64CuCl2 and other PET tracers radio-labelled with 64Cu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnoldo Piccardo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, EO Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy -
| | - Martina Ugolini
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, EO Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sergio Righi
- Medical Physics Department, EO Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bottoni
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, EO Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
| | - Angelina Cistaro
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, EO Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Luca Giovanella
- Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, Imaging Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Laura Evangelista
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Man F, Khan AA, Carrascal-Miniño A, Blower PJ, T M de Rosales R. A kit formulation for the preparation of [ 89Zr]Zr(oxinate) 4 for PET cell tracking: White blood cell labelling and comparison with [ 111In]In(oxinate) 3. Nucl Med Biol 2020; 90-91:31-40. [PMID: 32979725 PMCID: PMC7116765 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advances in immunology and cell-based therapies are creating a need to track individual cell types, such as immune cells (neutrophils, eosinophils, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, etc.) and stem cells. As the fate of administered cells remains largely unknown, nuclear imaging could determine the migration and survival of cells in patients. [89Zr]Zr(oxinate)4, or [89Zr]Zr-oxine, is a radiotracer for positron emission tomography (PET) that has been evaluated in preclinical models of cell tracking and could improve on [111In]In-oxine, the current gold standard radiotracer for cell tracking by scintigraphy and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), because of the better sensitivity, spatial resolution and quantification of PET. However, a clinically usable formulation of [89Zr]Zr-oxine is lacking. This study demonstrates a 1-step procedure for preparing [89Zr]Zr-oxine and evaluates it against [111In]In-oxine in white blood cell (WBC) labelling. METHODS Commercial [89Zr]Zr-oxalate was added to a formulation containing oxine, a buffering agent, a base and a surfactant or organic solvent. WBC isolated from 10 human volunteers were radiolabelled with [89Zr]Zr-oxine following a clinical radiolabelling protocol. Labelling efficiency, cell viability, chemotaxis and DNA damage were evaluated in vitro, in an intra-individual comparison against [111In]In-oxine. RESULTS An optimised formulation of [89Zr]Zr-oxine containing oxine, polysorbate 80 and 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) was developed. This enabled 1-step radiolabelling of oxine with commercial [89Zr]Zr-oxalate (0.1-25 MBq) in 5 min and radiotracer stability for 1 week. WBC labelling efficiency was 48.7 ± 6.3%, compared to 89.1 ± 9.5% (P < 0.0001, n = 10) for [111In]In-oxine. Intracellular retention of 89Zr and cell viability after radiolabelling were comparable to 111In. There were no significant differences in leukocyte chemotaxis or DNA damage between [89Zr]Zr-oxine or [111In]In-oxine. CONCLUSIONS, ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PATIENT CARE: Our results demonstrate that [89Zr]Zr-oxine is a suitable PET alternative to [111In]In-oxine for WBC imaging. Our formulation allows rapid, stable, high-yield, single-step preparation of [89Zr]Zr-oxine from commercially available 89Zr. This will facilitate the clinical translation of cell tracking using [89Zr]Zr-oxine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Man
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Azalea A Khan
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Amaia Carrascal-Miniño
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Philip J Blower
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Rafael T M de Rosales
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK.
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Abstract
Over the past decade, theranostic imaging has emerged as a powerful clinical tool in oncology for identifying patients likely to respond to targeted therapies and for monitoring the response of patients to treatment. Herein, we report a theranostic approach to pretargeted radioimmunotherapy (PRIT) based on a pair of radioisotopes of copper: positron-emitting copper-64 (64Cu, t 1/2 = 12.7 h) and beta particle-emitting copper-67 (67Cu, t 1/2 = 61.8 h). This strategy is predicated on the in vivo ligation between a trans-cyclooctene (TCO)-bearing antibody and a tetrazine (Tz)-based radioligand via the rapid and bioorthogonal inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction. Longitudinal therapy studies were conducted in a murine model of human colorectal carcinoma using an immunoconjugate of the huA33 antibody modified with TCO (huA33-TCO) and a 67Cu-labeled Tz radioligand ([67Cu]Cu-MeCOSar-Tz). The injection of huA33-TCO followed 72 h later by the administration of 18.5, 37.0, or 55.5 MBq of [67Cu]Cu-MeCOSar-Tz produced a dose-dependent therapeutic response, with the median survival time increasing from 68 d for the lowest dose to >200 d for the highest. Furthermore, we observed that mice that received the highest dose of [67Cu]Cu-MeCOSar-Tz in a fractionated manner exhibited improved hematological values without sacrificing therapeutic efficacy. Dual radionuclide experiments in which a single administration of huA33-TCO was followed by separate injections of [64Cu]Cu-MeCOSar-Tz and [67Cu]Cu-MeCOSar-Tz revealed that the positron emission tomography images produced by the former accurately predicted the efficacy of the latter. In these experiments, a correlation was observed between the tumoral uptake of [64Cu]Cu-MeCOSar-Tz and the subsequent therapeutic response to [67Cu]Cu-MeCOSar-Tz.
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Bartnicka JJ, Al-Salemee F, Firth G, Blower PJ. L-Cysteine-mediated modulation of copper trafficking in prostate cancer cells: an in vitro and in vivo investigation with 64Cu and 64Cu-PET. Metallomics 2020; 12:1508-1520. [PMID: 32959856 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00161a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Copper imbalance is implicated in many diseases, including cancer. Copper in blood is mainly transported by carrier proteins but a small fraction is bound to low molecular weight species, possibly amino acids. Their roles in cellular copper delivery are unknown. Our aim was to test whether accumulation of 64Cu into cancer-derived cells can be influenced by copper-binding serum amino acids. In vitro cellular accumulation of 64Cu was measured in Hank's Balanced Salt Solution in the presence of 100 μM l-histidine, l-methionine, l-cysteine and l-threonine. l-Cysteine markedly increased 64Cu accumulation and retention in DU145, PC3 and SK-OV-3 cells, while some other cell lines did not show an effect. This effect was not due to 64Cu delivery in the form of a 64Cu-cysteine complex, nor to reduction of 64Cu(ii) to 64Cu(i) by l-cysteine. Pre-incubation of cells with l-cysteine increased 64Cu accumulation, even if l-cysteine was removed from HBSS before 64Cu was added. The effect of l-cysteine on 64Cu accumulation was not mediated by increased glutathione synthesis. Despite the demonstrable in vitro effect, pre-injection of l-cysteine precursor N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) in vivo did not enhance 64Cu delivery to DU145 xenografts in mice. Instead, it decreased 64Cu accumulation in the DU145 tumour and in brain, as assessed by PET imaging. We conclude that 64Cu is not delivered to DU145 cancer cells in vitro as a complex with amino acids but its cellular accumulation is enhanced by l-cysteine or NAC influx to cells. The latter effect was not demonstrable in vivo in the DU145 xenograft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna J Bartnicka
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Fahad Al-Salemee
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - George Firth
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Philip J Blower
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
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Natarajan A. Copper-64-immunoPET imaging: bench to bedside. THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE ITALIAN ASSOCIATION OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE (AIMN) [AND] THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF RADIOPHARMACOLOGY (IAR), [AND] SECTION OF THE SOCIETY OF RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2020; 64:356-363. [PMID: 33045821 DOI: 10.23736/s1824-4785.20.03310-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a growing non-invasive diagnostic and molecular imaging tool in nuclear medicine, that is used to identify several diseases including cancer. The immunoPET probe is made up of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or its fragments or similar molecules that tagged with positron radioisotopes (68Ga, 64Cu, 89Zr) bound together by a bifunctional chelator (BFC). This probe is designed to identify a specific disease. Currently, several immunoPET probes are being developed for preclinical as well as for clinical applications. These studies are showing promising results, both in preclinical and patients, using mostly 64Cu, 89Zr isotopes. This review elucidates the 64Cu based immunoPET applications, their pipelines and the emerging scope of this technique within the nuclear medicine and molecular imaging clinics from bench to bedside. Recently, immunoPET research have sharply increased especially after a big surge in approval of oncology antibodies by the FDA for immune checkpoint-blockade cancer immunotherapies. Currently, preclinical to clinical translations of immunoPET has several challenges, including designing probes, choice of radioisotopes, selection of stable BFC, and size of antibody and its tracer kinetics. All these obstacles will be addressed eventually by improving PET scanner sensitivity, designing appropriate size of imaging probe, and combining immunoPET with specific targeting antibodies. These improvements should contribute to the immunoPET becoming more applicable in clinics, which, in turn, will provide critical information for correct patient selection, for right dosing, and for the right time/staging of treatment.
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Bolzati C, Duatti A. The emerging value of 64Cu for molecular imaging and therapy. THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE ITALIAN ASSOCIATION OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE (AIMN) [AND] THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF RADIOPHARMACOLOGY (IAR), [AND] SECTION OF THE SOCIETY OF RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2020; 64:329-337. [PMID: 33026210 DOI: 10.23736/s1824-4785.20.03292-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Along with other novel metallic radionuclides, copper-64 (64Cu) is currently being investigated as an alternative option to the gallium-68 (68Ga) and lutetium-177 (177Lu) radiopharmaceuticals widely used for targeting somatostatin receptors, expressed by neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), and recently prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), expressed by prostate cancer cells. This interest is mostly driven by the peculiar nuclear properties of 64Cu that make it an almost ideal example of theranostic radionuclide. In fact, 64Cu emits both low-energy positrons, β- particles and a swarm of Auger electrons. This combination of different emissions may allow to collect high-resolution PET images, but also to use the same radiopharmaceutical for eliciting a therapeutic effect. Another unique behavior of 64Cu originates from the fundamental biological role played in organisms by the ionic forms of the copper element, which is naturally involved in a multitude of cellular processes including cell replication. These intrinsic biological characteristics has led to the discovery that 64Cu, under its simplest dicationic form Cu2+, is able to specifically target a variety of cancerous cells and to detect the onset of a metastatic process in its initial stage. This short review reports an outline of the status of 64Cu radiopharmaceuticals and of the most relevant results that are constantly disclosed by preclinical and investigational clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriano Duatti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy -
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Kang L, Li C, Rosenkrans ZT, Engle JW, Wang R, Jiang D, Xu X, Cai W. Noninvasive Evaluation of CD20 Expression Using 64Cu-Labeled F(ab') 2 Fragments of Obinutuzumab in Lymphoma. J Nucl Med 2020; 62:372-378. [PMID: 32826320 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.246595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CD20-overexpressed non-Hodgkin lymphoma typically indicates progressive malignancy. Obinutuzumab is a next-generation Food and Drug Administration-approved humanized monoclonal antibody that targets CD20. Previous studies with 89Zr-labeled obinutuzumab have successfully imaged CD20 in vivo. However, delayed tumor uptake and increased radioactive exposure caused by long blood circulation limit its clinical translation. This study aimed to develop 64Cu-labeled F(ab')2 fragments of obinutuzumab for imaging CD20 in lymphoma xenograft tumor models. Methods: F(ab')2 fragments were produced from obinutuzumab using an IgG-degrading enzyme of Streptococcus pyogenes (IdeS) enzyme and purified with protein A beads. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography were performed to evaluate the products and their stability. F(ab')2 products were conjugated with p-SCN-Bn-NOTA (NOTA) for 64Cu radiolabeling. Western blotting was performed to screen the CD20 expression levels of lymphoma cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, flow cytometry, and confocal imaging were used to test the binding affinity in vitro. Serial PET imaging and biodistribution studies in subcutaneous lymphoma-bearing mice were performed using 64Cu-NOTA-F(ab')2-obinutuzumab or 64Cu-NOTA-F(ab')2-IgG. Results: F(ab')2-obinutuzumab and F(ab')2-IgG produced by the IdeS digestion system were confirmed with sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography. The radiochemical purity of 64Cu-labeled F(ab')2 fragments was no less than 98%, and the specific activity was 56.3 ± 7.9 MBq/mg (n = 6). Among the 5 lymphoma cell lines, Ramos showed the strongest expression of CD20, and CLL-155 showed the lowest, as confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, flow cytometry, and confocal imaging. PET imaging revealed rapid and sustained tumor uptake of 64Cu-NOTA-F(ab')2-obinutuzumab in Ramos tumor-bearing mice. The peak tumor uptake (9.08 ± 1.67 percentage injected dose per gram of tissue [%ID/g]) in the Ramos model was significantly higher than that in the CCL-155 model (2.78 ± 0.62 %ID/g) or the 64Cu-NOTA-F(ab')2-IgG control (1.93 ± 0.26 %ID/g, n = 4, P < 0.001). The tumor-to-blood and tumor-to-muscle ratios were 7.3 ± 1.6 and 21.9 ± 9.0, respectively, at 48 h after injection in the 64Cu-NOTA-F(ab')2-obinutuzumab group. Of the measured off-target organs, the kidneys showed the highest uptake. Ex vivo immunofluorescent staining verified the differential CD20 expression in the Ramos and CCL-155 tumor models. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that 64Cu-NOTA-F(ab')2-obinutuzumab had a rapid and sustained tumor uptake in CD20-positive lymphoma with high contrast, which could enable noninvasive evaluation of CD20 levels in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Cuicui Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zachary T Rosenkrans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jonathan W Engle
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Rongfu Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dawei Jiang
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and
| | - Xiaojie Xu
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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48
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Cullinane C, Jeffery CM, Roselt PD, van Dam EM, Jackson S, Kuan K, Jackson P, Binns D, van Zuylekom J, Harris MJ, Hicks RJ, Donnelly PS. Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy with 67Cu-CuSarTATE Is Highly Efficacious Against a Somatostatin-Positive Neuroendocrine Tumor Model. J Nucl Med 2020; 61:1800-1805. [PMID: 32414949 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.243543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) using radiolabeled octreotate is an effective treatment for somatostatin receptor 2-expressing neuroendocrine tumors. The diagnostic and therapeutic potential of 64Cu and 67Cu, respectively, offers the possibility of using a single somatostatin receptor-targeted peptide conjugate as a theranostic agent. A sarcophagine cage amine ligand, MeCOSar (5-(8-methyl-3,6,10,13,16,19-hexaaza-bicyclo[6.6.6]icosan-1-ylamino)-5-oxopentanoic acid), conjugated to (Tyr3)-octreotate, called 64Cu-CuSarTATE, was demonstrated to be an imaging agent and potential prospective dosimetry tool in 10 patients with neuroendocrine tumors. This study aimed to explore the antitumor efficacy of 67Cu-CuSarTATE in a preclinical model of neuroendocrine tumors and compare it with the standard PRRT agent, 177Lu-LuDOTA-Tyr3-octreotate (177Lu-LuTATE). Methods: The antitumor efficacy of various doses of 67Cu-CuSarTATE in AR42J (rat pancreatic exocrine) tumor-bearing mice was compared with 177Lu-LuTATE. Results: Seven days after a single administration of 67Cu-CuSarTATE (5 MBq), tumor growth was inhibited by 75% compared with vehicle control. Administration of 177Lu-LuTATE (5 MBq) inhibited tumor growth by 89%. Survival was extended from 12 d in the control group to 21 d after treatment with both 67Cu-CuSarTATE and 177Lu-LuTATE. In a second study, the efficacy of fractionated delivery of PRRT was assessed, comparing the efficacy of 30 MBq of 67Cu-CuSarTATE or 177Lu-LuTATE, either as a single intravenous injection or as two 15-MBq fractions 2 wk apart. Treatment of tumors with 2 fractions significantly improved survival over delivery as a single fraction (67Cu-CuSarTATE: 47 vs. 36 d [P = 0.036]; 177Lu-LuTATE: 46 vs. 29 d [P = 0.040]). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that 67Cu-CuSarTATE is well tolerated in BALB/c nude mice and highly efficacious against AR42J tumors in vivo. Administration of 67Cu-CuSarTATE and 177Lu-LuTATE divided into 2 fractions over 2 wk was more efficacious than administration of a single fraction. The antitumor activity of 67Cu-CuSarTATE in the AR42J tumor model demonstrated the suitability of this novel agent for clinical assessment in the treatment of somatostatin receptor 2-expressing neuroendocrine tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carleen Cullinane
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Peter D Roselt
- Centre for Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ellen M van Dam
- Clarity Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Eveleigh, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Susan Jackson
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kevin Kuan
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Unit, SAHMRI, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; and
| | - Price Jackson
- Centre for Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Binns
- Centre for Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica van Zuylekom
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew J Harris
- Clarity Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Eveleigh, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rodney J Hicks
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul S Donnelly
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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49
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Kelly JM, Ponnala S, Amor-Coarasa A, Zia NA, Nikolopoulou A, Williams C, Schlyer DJ, DiMagno SG, Donnelly PS, Babich JW. Preclinical Evaluation of a High-Affinity Sarcophagine-Containing PSMA Ligand for 64Cu/ 67Cu-Based Theranostics in Prostate Cancer. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:1954-1962. [PMID: 32286841 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The application of small molecules targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has emerged as a highly promising clinical strategy for visualization and treatment of prostate cancer. Ligands that integrate the ability to both quantify the distribution of radioactivity and treat disease through the use of a matched pair of radionuclides have particular value in clinical and regulatory settings. In this study, we describe the development and preclinical evaluation of RPS-085, a ligand that binds PSMA and serum albumin and exploits the 64/67Cu radionuclide pair for prostate cancer theranostics. RPS-085 was synthesized by conjugation of a PSMA-targeting moiety, an Nε-(2-(4-iodophenyl)acetyl)lysine albumin binding group, and a bifunctionalized MeCOSar chelator. The IC50 of the metal-free RPS-085 was determined in a competitive binding assay. The affinity for human serum albumin of the radiolabeled compound was determined by high-performance affinity chromatography. Radiolabeling was performed in NH4OAc buffer at 25 °C. The stability of the radiolabeled compounds was assessed in vitro and in vivo. The biodistribution of [64/67Cu]Cu-RPS-085 was determined following intravenous administration to male BALB/c mice bearing LNCaP tumor xenografts. The radiochemical yields of [64/67Cu]Cu-RPS-085 were nearly quantitative after 20 min. The metal-free complex is a potent inhibitor of PSMA (IC50 = 29 ± 2 nM), and the radiolabeled compound has moderate affinity for human serum albumin (Kd = 9.9 ± 1.7 μM). Accumulation of the tracer in mice was primarily evident in tumor and kidneys. Activity in all other tissues, including blood, was negligible, and the radiolabeled compounds demonstrated high stability in vitro and in vivo. Tumor activity reached a maximum at 4 h post injection (p.i.) and cleared gradually over a period of 96 h. By contrast, activity in the kidney cleared rapidly from 4 to 24 h p.i. As a consequence, by 24 h p.i., the tumor-to-kidney ratio exceeds 2, and the predicted dose to tumors is significantly greater than the dose to kidneys. [64Cu]Cu-RPS-085 combines rapid tissue distribution and clearance with prolonged retention in LNCaP tumor xenografts. The pharmacokinetics should enable radioligand therapy using [67Cu]Cu-RPS-085. By virtue of its rapid kidney clearance, the therapeutic index of [67Cu]Cu-RPS-085 likely compares favorably to its parent structure, [177Lu]Lu-RPS-063, a highly avid PSMA-targeting compound. On this basis, [64/67Cu]Cu-RPS-085 show great promise as PSMA-targeting theranostic ligands for prostate cancer imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Kelly
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Sciences and MI3 Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Shashikanth Ponnala
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Sciences and MI3 Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Alejandro Amor-Coarasa
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Sciences and MI3 Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Nicholas A Zia
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Anastasia Nikolopoulou
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Sciences and MI3 Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, United States.,Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Clarence Williams
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Sciences and MI3 Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - David J Schlyer
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Stephen G DiMagno
- College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Paul S Donnelly
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - John W Babich
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Sciences and MI3 Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, United States.,Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, United States.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, United States
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50
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Abstract
Immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) is a paradigm-shifting molecular imaging modality combining the superior targeting specificity of monoclonal antibody (mAb) and the inherent sensitivity of PET technique. A variety of radionuclides and mAbs have been exploited to develop immunoPET probes, which has been driven by the development and optimization of radiochemistry and conjugation strategies. In addition, tumor-targeting vectors with a short circulation time (e.g., Nanobody) or with an enhanced binding affinity (e.g., bispecific antibody) are being used to design novel immunoPET probes. Accordingly, several immunoPET probes, such as 89Zr-Df-pertuzumab and 89Zr-atezolizumab, have been successfully translated for clinical use. By noninvasively and dynamically revealing the expression of heterogeneous tumor antigens, immunoPET imaging is gradually changing the theranostic landscape of several types of malignancies. ImmunoPET is the method of choice for imaging specific tumor markers, immune cells, immune checkpoints, and inflammatory processes. Furthermore, the integration of immunoPET imaging in antibody drug development is of substantial significance because it provides pivotal information regarding antibody targeting abilities and distribution profiles. Herein, we present the latest immunoPET imaging strategies and their preclinical and clinical applications. We also emphasize current conjugation strategies that can be leveraged to develop next-generation immunoPET probes. Lastly, we discuss practical considerations to tune the development and translation of immunoPET imaging strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Room 7137, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Zachary T Rosenkrans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Quan-Yong Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Room 7137, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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