1
|
Ali I, Ali MM, Liu Q, Hu L. Unraveling Clinical Glycoproteome by Integrating Affinity Enrichment with Nanopore Sequencing. Chembiochem 2024:e202400419. [PMID: 39234982 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
This prospect explores the integration of enrichment strategies with nanopore detection to advance clinical glycoproteomics. Glycoproteins, crucial for understanding biological processes, pose challenges due to their low abundance and structural diversity. Enrichment techniques using lectin affinity, boronate affinity, and hydrazide chemistry and especially molecular imprinted polymers may selectively and specifically isolate glycoproteins from complex samples, while nanopore technology enables label-free, real-time, and single-molecule analysis. This approach holds promise for disease-related glycosylation studies, biomarker discovery, personalized medicine, and streamlined clinical analysis. Standardization, optimization, and data analysis remain challenges, requiring interdisciplinary collaborations and technological advancements. Overall, this integration may offer transformative potential for clinical glycoproteomics and innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Muhammad Mujahid Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, US
| | - Quanjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lianghai Hu
- Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Helali Y, Delporte C. Updates of the current strategies of labeling for N-glycan analysis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1237:124068. [PMID: 38484674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
This mini review summarizes the current methods used for screening N-glycosylation of glycoproteins, with a specific focus on therapeutic proteins and on techniques involving the release of N-glycans. With the continuous development of biopharmaceuticals, particularly monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), which are N-glycosylated proteins, monitoring has gained importance in recent decades. Glycosylation of therapeutic glycoproteins is considered a critical quality attribute because it can impact the efficacy and safety of these therapeutic drugs. The protocols and instrumentation have evolved with the advancement of technologies. Nowadays, methods are becoming increasingly robust, rapid, and sensitive. For the release of N-glycans, the most commonly used method is enzymatic release using PNGase F. The latter is discussed in light of the advent of rapid release that is now possible. The strategy for separating N-glycans using either liquid chromatography (LC) with hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) chemistry or capillary electrophoresis will be discussed. The selection of the labeling agent is a crucial step in sample preparation for the analysis of released N-glycans. This review also discusses labeling agents that are compatible with and dependent on the separation and detection techniques employed. The emergence of multiplex labeling agents is also summarized. The latter enables the analysis of multiple samples in a single run, but it requires MS analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yosra Helali
- RD3-Pharmacognosis, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery Unit & Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy (APFP), Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cédric Delporte
- RD3-Pharmacognosis, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery Unit & Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy (APFP), Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Helm J, Grünwald-Gruber C, Urteil J, Pabst M, Altmann F. Simple Routes to Stable Isotope-Coded Native Glycans. Anal Chem 2024; 96:163-169. [PMID: 38153380 PMCID: PMC10782419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the biological role of protein-linked glycans requires the reliable identification of glycans. Isomer separation and characterization often entail mass spectrometric detection preceded by high-performance chromatography on porous graphitic carbon. To this end, stable isotope-labeled glycans have emerged as powerful tools for retention time normalization. Hitherto, such standards were obtained by chemoenzymatic or purely enzymatic methods, which introduce, e.g., 13C-containing N-acetyl groups or galactose into native glycans. Glycan release with anhydrous hydrazine opens another route for heavy isotope introduction via concomitant de-N-acetylation. Here, we describe that de-N-acetylation can also be achieved with hydrazine hydrate, which is a more affordable and less hazardous reagent. Despite the slower reaction rate, complete conversion is achievable in 72 h at 100 °C for glycans with biantennary glycans with or without sialic acids. Shorter incubation times allow for the isolation of intermediate products with a defined degree of free amino groups, facilitating introduction of different numbers of heavy isotopes. Mass encoded glycans obtained by this versatile approach can serve a broad range of applications, e.g., as internal standards for isomer-specific studies of N-glycans, O-glycans, and human milk oligosaccharide by LC-MS on either porous graphitic carbon or─following permethylation─on reversed phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Helm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Friedrich Altmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Goso Y, Kurihara M. Preparation of O-Glycans from Mucins Using Hydrazine Treatment. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2763:139-150. [PMID: 38347407 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3670-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Mucin glycomic analysis is crucial owing to the participation of mucin O-glycans in several biological functions. Liquid chromatographic analysis of fluorescently labeled glycans is an effective tool for glycomic analysis. The first step of this analysis involves the release of O-glycans from mucins. As no enzyme is known to release all glycans, chemical methods are required for the process; therefore, hydrazine treatment is a commonly used chemical method. It enables the release of O-glycans from mucin while preserving the aldehyde group at the reducing end. This ensures that the reducing end can be modified using fluorescent reagents. However, it is also accompanied by the degradation of the glycans through a process called "peeling." Here, we describe a method for releasing glycans from mucins using hydrazine treatment with minimal "peeling."
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukinobu Goso
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Atsugi, Japan
| | - Makoto Kurihara
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Atsugi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kameyama A. Eliminative Oximation of O-Glycans from Mucins. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2763:151-158. [PMID: 38347408 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3670-1_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The large variety and high concentration of O-glycans are characteristic properties of mucins and play a crucial role in their unique functions. Analyzing the O-glycans of mucins is essential for investigating the functions of mucins. Eliminative oximation is an aqueous reaction that can be used to obtain O-glycan oximes from mucins. Using diazabicyclo undec-7ene (DBU) as a base, an organic superbase that can be removed with an organic solvent during solid-phase extraction, and adding hydroxylamine to the reaction mixture in advance, the O-glycans released from the mucin are immediately converted to the corresponding glycan oximes. The glycan oxime can then be fluorescently labeled with a fluorescent labeling reagent and 2-picoline borane via reductive amination. O-glycans that have been fluorescently labeled can be analyzed using conventional HPLC techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Kameyama
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhou X, Zhang H, Wang L, Lv L, Wu R. Simultaneous enrichment optimization of glycopeptides and phosphopeptides with the highly hydrophilic DZMOF-FDP. Analyst 2023; 148:1483-1491. [PMID: 36876469 DOI: 10.1039/d2an02004a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation and phosphorylation play essential roles in biological systems. The crosstalk of both glycosylation and phosphorylation on one protein represents an unveiled biological function. To realize the analyses of both glycopeptides and phosphopeptides, a simultaneous enrichment method of N-glycopeptides, mono-phosphopeptides and multi-phosphopeptides was developed based on a multi-functional dual-metal centered zirconium metal-organic framework that provided multiple interactions for HILIC, IMAC, and MOAC for glycopeptides and phosphopeptides. Based on a careful optimization of sample loading and elution conditions for the simultaneous enrichment of glycopeptides and phosphopeptides with the zirconium metal-organic framework, a total of 1011 N-glycopeptides derived from 410 glycoproteins and 1996 phosphopeptides including 741 multi-phosphopeptides derived from 1189 phosphoproteins could be identified from a HeLa cell digest. The simultaneous enrichment approach for glycopeptides and mono-/multi-phosphopeptides demonstrates the great potential of the combined interactions for HILIC, IMAC, and MOAC in integrated post-translational modification proteomics research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhou
- Laboratory of High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Technologies, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China. .,CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Laboratory of High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Technologies, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China. .,CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Li Wang
- Laboratory of High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Technologies, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China. .,CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Liting Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Ren'an Wu
- Laboratory of High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Technologies, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China. .,CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liew CY, Chen JL, Tsai ST, Ni CK. Identification of side-reaction products generated during the ammonia-catalyzed release of N-glycans. Carbohydr Res 2022; 522:108686. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
8
|
Melo Diaz JM, Peel SR, Spencer DI, Hendel JL. Extraction and purification of a High Mannose type oligosaccharide from Phaseolus lunatus beans by oxidative release with sodium hypochlorite. Carbohydr Res 2022; 517:108583. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
9
|
Zhong L, Zhu L, Cai ZW. Mass Spectrometry-based Proteomics and Glycoproteomics in COVID-19 Biomarkers Identification: A Mini-review. JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2021; 5:298-313. [PMID: 34513131 PMCID: PMC8423835 DOI: 10.1007/s41664-021-00197-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The first corona-pandemic, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused a huge health crisis and incalculable damage worldwide. Knowledge of how to cure the disease is urgently needed. Emerging immune escaping mutants of the virus suggested that it may be potentially persistent in human society as a regular health threat as the flu virus. Therefore, it is imperative to identify appropriate biomarkers to indicate pathological and physiological states, and more importantly, clinic outcomes. Proteins are the performers of life functions, and their abundance and modification status can directly reflect the immune status. Protein glycosylation serves a great impact in modulating protein function. The use of both unmodified and glycosylated proteins as biomarkers has also been proved feasible in the studies of SARS, Zika virus, influenza, etc. In recent years, mass spectrometry-based glycoproteomics, as well as proteomics approaches, advanced significantly due to the evolution of mass spectrometry. We focus on the current development of the mass spectrometry-based strategy for COVID-19 biomarkers' investigation. Potential application of glycoproteomics approaches and challenges in biomarkers identification are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 224 Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 224 Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zong-Wei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 224 Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hasan MM, Mimi MA, Mamun MA, Islam A, Waliullah ASM, Nabi MM, Tamannaa Z, Kahyo T, Setou M. Mass Spectrometry Imaging for Glycome in the Brain. Front Neuroanat 2021; 15:711955. [PMID: 34393728 PMCID: PMC8358800 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.711955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycans are diverse structured biomolecules that play crucial roles in various biological processes. Glycosylation, an enzymatic system through which various glycans are bound to proteins and lipids, is the most common and functionally crucial post-translational modification process. It is known to be associated with brain development, signal transduction, molecular trafficking, neurodegenerative disorders, psychopathologies, and brain cancers. Glycans in glycoproteins and glycolipids expressed in brain cells are involved in neuronal development, biological processes, and central nervous system maintenance. The composition and expression of glycans are known to change during those physiological processes. Therefore, imaging of glycans and the glycoconjugates in the brain regions has become a “hot” topic nowadays. Imaging techniques using lectins, antibodies, and chemical reporters are traditionally used for glycan detection. However, those techniques offer limited glycome detection. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is an evolving field that combines mass spectrometry with histology allowing spatial and label-free visualization of molecules in the brain. In the last decades, several studies have employed MSI for glycome imaging in brain tissues. The current state of MSI uses on-tissue enzymatic digestion or chemical reaction to facilitate successful glycome imaging. Here, we reviewed the available literature that applied MSI techniques for glycome visualization and characterization in the brain. We also described the general methodologies for glycome MSI and discussed its potential use in the three-dimensional MSI in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Mst Afsana Mimi
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Md Al Mamun
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Ariful Islam
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - A S M Waliullah
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Md Mahamodun Nabi
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Zinat Tamannaa
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kahyo
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Setou
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Department of Systems Molecular Anatomy, Institute for Medical Photonics Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Flexible and hierarchical metal-organic framework composite as solid-phase media for facile affinity-tip fabrication to selectively enrich glycopeptides and phosphopeptides. Talanta 2021; 233:122576. [PMID: 34215068 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Micro-tip-based solid-phase microextraction is considered as one of the green and powerful analytical sample preparation techniques, but its efficiency is severely hampered by some basic issues such as tedious fabrication, instability of sorbent bed, and blocking of the tip, especially for biological samples due to low permeability. These issues are tackled by introducing a flexible and hierarchical substrate in the microtip, having good mechanical strength and specific functionality to capture the desired biomolecules. Considering the well-ordered and flexible structure of melamine foam, it was used as a substrate and for hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC). Metal-organic framework, due to its excellent characteristics, was grafted on its surface anchored by self-assembling polydopamine. The resulting material was characterized and packed in the tip by just pressing the material in the conical structure of the tip. This affinity tip established good and tunable permeability and was used to selectively enrich glycopeptides as well as phosphopeptides. The affinity tip demonstrated excellent performance to enrich glycopeptides and phosphopeptides with a low limit of detection up to 0.5 fmol μL-1 from tryptic digests of horseradish peroxidase and β-Casein, respectively, and was stable up to 5 rounds of enrichment. Moreover, this affinity-tip also exhibited high selectivity up to up to 1:1000 (HRP digest to BSA digest) for glycopeptides and 1:200 (β-Casein digest to BSA digest) for phosphopeptides and demonstrated several other fascinating characteristics such as; excellent size exclusion effect for the omission of large-sized proteins, modest backpressure, reproducibility, reusability, smooth enrichment, and successfully applied to a human saliva sample.
Collapse
|
12
|
Moyer TB, Parsley NC, Sadecki PW, Schug WJ, Hicks LM. Leveraging orthogonal mass spectrometry based strategies for comprehensive sequencing and characterization of ribosomal antimicrobial peptide natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:489-509. [PMID: 32929442 PMCID: PMC7956910 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00046a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Covering: Up to July 2020Ribosomal antimicrobial peptide (AMP) natural products, also known as ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) or host defense peptides, demonstrate potent bioactivities and impressive complexity that complicate molecular and biological characterization. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS) has rapidly accelerated bioactive peptide sequencing efforts, yet standard workflows insufficiently address intrinsic AMP diversity. Herein, orthogonal approaches to accelerate comprehensive and accurate molecular characterization without the need for prior isolation are reviewed. Chemical derivatization, proteolysis (enzymatic and chemical cleavage), multistage MS fragmentation, and separation (liquid chromatography and ion mobility) strategies can provide complementary amino acid composition and post-translational modification data to constrain sequence solutions. Examination of two complex case studies, gomesin and styelin D, highlights the practical implementation of the proposed approaches. Finally, we emphasize the importance of heterogeneous AMP peptidoforms that confer varying biological function, an area that warrants significant further development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tessa B Moyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Petrović T, Trbojević-Akmačić I. Lectin and Liquid Chromatography-Based Methods for Immunoglobulin (G) Glycosylation Analysis. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2021; 112:29-72. [PMID: 34687007 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-76912-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin (Ig) glycosylation has been shown to dramatically affect its structure and effector functions. Ig glycosylation changes have been associated with different diseases and show a promising biomarker potential for diagnosis and prognosis of disease advancement. On the other hand, therapeutic biomolecules based on structural and functional features of Igs demand stringent quality control during the production process to ensure their safety and efficacy. Liquid chromatography (LC) and lectin-based methods are routinely used in Ig glycosylation analysis complementary to other analytical methods, e.g., mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis. This chapter covers analytical approaches based on LC and lectins used in low- and high-throughput N- and O-glycosylation analysis of Igs, with the focus on immunoglobulin G (IgG) applications. General principles and practical examples of the most often used LC methods for Ig purification are described, together with typical workflows for N- and O-glycan analysis on the level of free glycans, glycopeptides, subunits, or intact Igs. Lectin chromatography is a historical approach for the analysis of lectin-carbohydrate interactions and glycoprotein purification but is still being used as a valuable tool in Igs purification and glycan analysis. On the other hand, lectin microarrays have found their application in the rapid screening of glycan profiles on intact proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tea Petrović
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Harvey DJ. NEGATIVE ION MASS SPECTROMETRY FOR THE ANALYSIS OF N-LINKED GLYCANS. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2020; 39:586-679. [PMID: 32329121 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
N-glycans from glycoproteins are complex, branched structures whose structural determination presents many analytical problems. Mass spectrometry, usually conducted in positive ion mode, often requires extensive sample manipulation, usually by derivatization such as permethylation, to provide the necessary structure-revealing fragment ions. The newer but, so far, lesser used negative ion techniques, on the contrary, provide a wealth of structural information not present in positive ion spectra that greatly simplify the analysis of these compounds and can usually be conducted without the need for derivatization. This review describes the use of negative ion mass spectrometry for the structural analysis of N-linked glycans and emphasises the many advantages that can be gained by this mode of operation. Biosynthesis and structures of the compounds are described followed by methods for release of the glycans from the protein. Methods for ionization are discussed with emphasis on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and methods for producing negative ions from neutral compounds. Acidic glycans naturally give deprotonated species under most ionization conditions. Fragmentation of negative ions is discussed next with particular reference to those ions that are diagnostic for specific features such as the branching topology of the glycans and substitution positions of moieties such as fucose and sulfate, features that are often difficult to identify easily by conventional techniques such as positive ion fragmentation and exoglycosidase digestions. The advantages of negative over positive ions for this structural work are emphasised with an example of a series of glycans where all other methods failed to produce a structure. Fragmentation of derivatized glycans is discussed next, both with respect to derivatives at the reducing terminus of the molecules, and to methods for neutralization of the acidic groups on sialic acids to both stabilize them for MALDI analysis and to produce the diagnostic fragments seen with the neutral glycans. The use of ion mobility, combined with conventional mass spectrometry is described with emphasis on its use to extract clean glycan spectra both before and after fragmentation, to separate isomers and its use to extract additional information from separated fragment ions. A section on applications follows with examples of the identification of novel structures from lower organisms and tables listing the use of negative ions for structural identification of specific glycoproteins, glycans from viruses and uses in the biopharmaceutical industry and in medicine. The review concludes with a summary of the advantages and disadvantages of the technique. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences Building 85, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang Q, Li Z, Song X. Preparation of Complex Glycans From Natural Sources for Functional Study. Front Chem 2020; 8:508. [PMID: 32719769 PMCID: PMC7348041 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
One major barrier in glycoscience is the lack of diverse and biomedically relevant complex glycans in sufficient quantities for functional study. Complex glycans from natural sources serve as an important source of these glycans and an alternative to challenging chemoenzymatic synthesis. This review discusses preparation of complex glycans from several classes of glycoconjugates using both enzymatic and chemical release approaches. Novel technologies have been developed to advance the large-scale preparation of complex glycans from natural sources. We also highlight recent approaches and methods developed in functional and fluorescent tagging and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) isolation of released glycans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Comprehensive Glycomics Core, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Zhonghua Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Comprehensive Glycomics Core, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Xuezheng Song
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Comprehensive Glycomics Core, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Neuhaus A, Selvaraj M, Salzer R, Langer JD, Kruse K, Kirchner L, Sanders K, Daum B, Averhoff B, Gold VAM. Cryo-electron microscopy reveals two distinct type IV pili assembled by the same bacterium. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2231. [PMID: 32376942 PMCID: PMC7203116 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15650-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Type IV pili are flexible filaments on the surface of bacteria, consisting of a helical assembly of pilin proteins. They are involved in bacterial motility (twitching), surface adhesion, biofilm formation and DNA uptake (natural transformation). Here, we use cryo-electron microscopy and mass spectrometry to show that the bacterium Thermus thermophilus produces two forms of type IV pilus ('wide' and 'narrow'), differing in structure and protein composition. Wide pili are composed of the major pilin PilA4, while narrow pili are composed of a so-far uncharacterized pilin which we name PilA5. Functional experiments indicate that PilA4 is required for natural transformation, while PilA5 is important for twitching motility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Neuhaus
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Geoffrey Pope, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Muniyandi Selvaraj
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max-von-Laue Str. 3, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ralf Salzer
- Molecular Microbiology and Bioenergetics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Studies Division, Medical Research Council-Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Ave, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Julian D Langer
- Department of Molecular Membrane Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max-von-Laue Str. 3, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Proteomics, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Max-von-Laue Str. 4, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kruse
- Molecular Microbiology and Bioenergetics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lennart Kirchner
- Molecular Microbiology and Bioenergetics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kelly Sanders
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Geoffrey Pope, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Bertram Daum
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Geoffrey Pope, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Beate Averhoff
- Molecular Microbiology and Bioenergetics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Vicki A M Gold
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Geoffrey Pope, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Han J, Chen Q, Jin W, Zou M, Lu Y, Liu Y, Wang C, Wang Z, Huang L. Purification of N- and O-glycans and their derivatives from biological samples by the absorbent cotton hydrophilic chromatographic column. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1620:461001. [PMID: 32151415 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrum (MS) is one of the most commonly used tools for qualitative and quantitative analysis of glycans. However, due to the complexity of biological samples and the low ionization efficiency of glycans, these need to be purified and derivatized prior to MS analysis. Existing purification strategies require a combination of multiple methods and are cumbersome to operate. Here, we propose a new method for the purification of glycoprotein N/O-glycans and their derivatives using a hand-packed absorbent cotton hydrophilic interaction chromatography column (HILIC). The method's reliability and applicability were verified by purifying N/O-glycans and the derivatives of standard glycoproteins, such as chicken albumin and porcine stomach mucin. Stable isotope labelling was used to compare the glycans' recovery following different purification methods. Absorbent cotton HILIC was also successfully applied for the analysis of human serum and fetal bovine serum glycoprotein N-glycans. Finally, testing revealed high binding capacity (9 mg/g-1 maltohexaose/absorbent cotton) and good recovery (average recovery was 91.7%) of glycans. Compared with traditional procedures, the proposed purification method offers considerable advantages, such as simplicity, high efficiency, economy, universality, and broad applicability for the pretreatment of glycans and their derivatives in biological samples prior to MS analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Han
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Qinghui Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Wanjun Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Meiyi Zou
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yu Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yuxia Liu
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Chengjian Wang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Zhongfu Wang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Linjuan Huang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Separation and preparation of N-glycans based on ammonia-catalyzed release method. Glycoconj J 2020; 37:165-174. [PMID: 32026252 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-020-09909-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The study of carbohydrates requires large amounts of glycans. N-Glycans can be synthesized but generating large quantities of N-glycans with diverse structures remains difficult. In this study, we aimed to obtain large amounts of glycans using an optimized procedure. Two types of reductive N-glycans were released from chicken egg albumin (ovalbumin) and soy protein using an ammonia catalysis method and labeled with benzenesulfonyl hydrazide (BSH). After preliminary separation by preparative HPLC, N-glycan-BSH components were de-labeled separately and reducing N-glycans were recovered. The de-labeled reducing N-glycans were derived with different labeling reagents and further separated and purified with two/multi-dimensional HPLC for various studies. We selected the bifunctional reagent 2-amino-N-(2-aminoethyl)-benzamide (AEAB) as a labeling reagent combined with C18 column for two-dimensional HPLC separation. A total of 21 and 8 N-glycan-AEAB conjugates were obtained from ovalbumin and soy protein, respectively. A reactive primary alkylamine of N-glycan-AEAB conjugates can be effectively immobilized on microarray surfaces, allowing for subsequent functional studies of glycans.
Collapse
|
19
|
Martinez JER, Thomas B, Flitsch SL. Glycan Array Technology. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 175:435-456. [PMID: 31907566 DOI: 10.1007/10_2019_112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Glycan (or carbohydrate) arrays have become an essential tool in glycomics, providing fast and high-throughput data on protein-carbohydrate interactions with small amounts of carbohydrate ligands. The general concepts of glycan arrays have been adopted from other microarray technologies such as those used for nucleic acid and proteins. However, carbohydrates have presented their own challenges, in particular in terms of access to glycan probes, linker attachment chemistries and analysis, which will be reviewed in this chapter. As more and more glycan probes have become available through chemical and enzymatic synthesis and robust linker chemistries have been developed, the applications of glycan arrays have dramatically increased over the past 10 years, which will be illustrated with recent examples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Baptiste Thomas
- School of Chemistry and MIB, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fischler DA, Orlando R. N-linked Glycan Release Efficiency: A Quantitative Comparison between NaOCl and PNGase F Release Protocols. J Biomol Tech 2019; 30:58-63. [PMID: 31598098 DOI: 10.7171/jbt.19-3004-001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
There are several methods, both chemical and enzymatic, to release N-linked glycans for structural characterization. One of the most common enzymatic release methods is the use of peptide:N-glycosidase F (PNGase F). A less expensive and quicker alternative has been reported for the release of N-linked glycans chemically using sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), which hydrolyzes the peptide-glycan bond, yielding the intact glycan with a free reducing terminus. Here, we quantitatively analyzed the efficiency of the NaOCl release protocol compared with the PNGaseF release protocol for small-scale analysis (300 µg) using liquid chromatography-single reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry. We determined that the relative glycan composition of released N-linked glycans from the NaOCl protocol is similar to a typical PNGase F protocol, but the absolute recovery of N-linked glycans is significantly lower with the chemical procedure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Fischler
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA
| | - Ron Orlando
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Analysis of Ser/Thr-Linked Sugar Chains. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2019; 1934:33-42. [PMID: 31256371 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9055-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of carbohydrate structures is an integral part of understanding the structure-function relationship of glycans as well as whole glycoproteins. Glycan profiling by HPLC with fluorescence detection is a powerful technique that sheds considerable light into understanding glycan structures. Profiling of N-linked glycans by HPLC and mass spectrometry is well established. However procedures for profiling Ser/Thr-linked sugar chains are still a challenge since there is no enzyme capable of releasing the intact glycans. Simplistic profiling of O-linked sugar chains is possible only by the virtue of anthranilic acid (AA, 2-aminobenzoic acid, 2-AA) labeling chemistry (Anumula, Anal Biochem 457:31-37, 2014), which eliminates the need for intermediary isolation steps, e.g., desalting and chromatographic purification, for labeling. O-linked sugar chains were released by hydrazinolysis at 60 °C for 6 h. Hydrazine was evaporated, and sugar chains were N-acetylated and derivatized with 2-AA in the same reaction mixture and separated on an Amide-80 column. Such simple hydrazinolysis protocols should benefit not only the biotechnology industry but also academic laboratories for characterization of glycoproteins. Detailed structure analysis is possible with AA-labeled glycans using mass spectrometry and NMR.
Collapse
|
22
|
Valk-Weeber RL, Dijkhuizen L, van Leeuwen SS. Large-scale quantitative isolation of pure protein N-linked glycans. Carbohydr Res 2019; 479:13-22. [PMID: 31100702 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycoproteins are biologically active proteins of which the attached glycans contribute to their biological functionality. Limited data is available on the functional properties of these N-glycans in isolation, without the protein core. Glycan release, typically performed with the PNGase F enzyme, is achieved on denatured proteins in the presence of detergents which are notoriously difficult to be completely removed. In this work we compared two methods aiming at recovering N-glycans in a high yield and at high purity from a PNGase F glycoprotein digest of bovine lactoferrin. Detergents were removed from the digest by two separate approaches. In the first approach, protein and glycans were precipitated with acetone and the detergent containing supernatant was discarded. In the second approach, detergent was removed by adsorption onto a polystyrene resin. Following detergent removal, the glycans were further purified by a sequence of solid phase extraction (SPE) steps. Both approaches for detergent removal yielded a final glycan purity above 85%. Recovery of the glycans from lactoferrin was, however, much lower when utilizing acetone precipitation versus the polystyrene resin; 52% versus 85% respectively. A more detailed analysis of the acetone precipitation step revealed a loss of shorter oligomannose structures specifically. A loss of glycans of lesser complexity (oligomannose and biantennary structures) was also observed for other glycoproteins (RNase B, porcine thyroglobulin, human lactoferrin). These results indicate that acetone precipitation, a commonly used step for small-scale glycan purification, is not suitable for all target glycoproteins. The polystyrene resin detergent removal step conserved the full N-glycan profile and could be applied to all mammalian glycoproteins tested. Using this optimized protocol, large-scale quantitative isolation of N-glycan structures was achieved with sufficient purity for functional studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rivca L Valk-Weeber
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Lubbert Dijkhuizen
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Sander S van Leeuwen
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li Z, Chernova TA, Ju T. Novel Technologies for Quantitative O-Glycomics and Amplification/Preparation of Cellular O-Glycans. SYNTHETIC GLYCOMES 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/9781788016575-00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Mucin-type O-glycosylation (O-glycans, O-glycome) characterized by GalNAc linked to Serine/Threonine or even tyrosine residues in proteins is one of the major types of glycosylations. In animals, O-glycans on glycoproteins participate in many critical biological processes such as cell adhesion, development, and immunity. Importantly, the O-glycome is different in a tissue/cell-specific manner, and often altered in cells at their pathological states; and this alteration, in turn, affects cellular properties and functions. Clearly, the Functional O-glycomics, which concerns biological roles of O-glycans, requires a comprehensive understanding of O-glycome. Structural and/or quantitative analysis of O-glycans, however, is an unmet demand because no enzyme can universally release O-glycans from glycoproteins. Furthermore, the preparation of complex O-glycans for biological studies is even more challenging. To meet these demands, we have developed a novel technology termed Cellular O-glycome Reporter/Amplification (CORA) for profiling cellular O-glycan structures and amplifying/preparing complex O-glycans from cultured cells. In this chapter, we describe the recent advances of CORA: quantitative-CORA (qCORA) and preparative-CORA (pCORA). qCORA takes the strategy of “metabolic stable isotopic labeling O-glycome of culture cells (SILOC),” and pCORA adapts cells to “O-glycan factories” when supplied with R-α-GalNAc(Ac)3 derivatives. qCORA and pCORA technologies can facilitate the cellular O-glycomics and functional O-glycomics studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA 30322 USA
| | - Tatiana A. Chernova
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA 30322 USA
| | - Tongzhong Ju
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA 30322 USA
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring MD 20993 USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Liu B, Lu Y, Wang B, Yan Y, Liang H, Yang H. Facile Preparation of Hydrophilic Dual Functional Magnetic Metal-Organic Frameworks as a Platform for Proteomics Research. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201803527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University, Ningbo; Zhejiang 315211 P. R. China
| | - Yujie Lu
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University, Ningbo; Zhejiang 315211 P. R. China
| | - Baichun Wang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University, Ningbo; Zhejiang 315211 P. R. China
| | - Yinghua Yan
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University, Ningbo; Zhejiang 315211 P. R. China
| | - Hongze Liang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University, Ningbo; Zhejiang 315211 P. R. China
| | - Huayan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Dong X, Huang Y, Cho BG, Zhong J, Gautam S, Peng W, Williamson SD, Banazadeh A, Torres-Ulloa KY, Mechref Y. Advances in mass spectrometry-based glycomics. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:3063-3081. [PMID: 30199110 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The diversification of the chemical properties and biological functions of proteins is attained through posttranslational modifications, such as glycosylation. Glycans, which are covalently attached to proteins, play a vital role in cell activities. The microheterogeneity and complexity of glycan structures associated with proteins make comprehensive glycomic analysis challenging. However, recent advancements in mass spectrometry (MS), separation techniques, and sample preparation methods have primarily facilitated structural elucidation and quantitation of glycans. This review focuses on describing recent advances in MS-based techniques used for glycomic analysis (2012-2018), including ionization, tandem MS, and separation techniques coupled with MS. Progress in glycomics workflow involving glycan release, purification, derivatization, and separation will also be highlighted here. Additionally, the recent development of quantitative glycomics through comparative and multiplex approaches will also be described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Yifan Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Byeong Gwan Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Jieqiang Zhong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Sakshi Gautam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Wenjing Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Seth D Williamson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Alireza Banazadeh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Katya Y Torres-Ulloa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
The ammonia-catalyzed release of glycoprotein N-glycans. Glycoconj J 2018; 35:411-420. [PMID: 30196374 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-018-9827-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite the great significance of release and analysis of glycans from glycoproteins, the existing N-glycan release methods are undermined by some limitations and deficiencies. The traditional enzymatic protocols feature high N-glycan release specificity but are generally costly and inefficient for some types of N-glycans. The existing chemical methods require harsh reaction conditions or are accompanied by the remarkable formation of by-products. Herein, we describe a versatile chemical method for the release and analysis of N-glycans from glycoproteins. This method differs from the existing methods as only aqueous ammonia is used to catalyze the N-glycan release reactions. Optimization of reaction conditions was performed using RNase B as a model glycoprotein and the obtained results indicated a highest N-glycan yield in ammonia at 60 °C for 16 h. Comparison of this method with traditional enzymatic protocols and recently reported NaClO methods confirmed the good reliability and efficiency of the novel approach. We also successfully applied this method to some complex biological samples, such as Ginkgo seed protein, fetal bovine serum (FBS) and hen egg white, and demonstrated its great compatibility with various neutral N-glycans, core α-1,3-fucosylated N-glycans and sialylated N-glycans. This method is very simple and cost-effective, enabling convenient analysis and large-scale preparation of released reducing N-glycans from various biological samples for structural and functional glycomics studies.
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang Q, Li Z, Wang Y, Zheng Q, Li J. Mass spectrometry for protein sialoglycosylation. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2018; 37:652-680. [PMID: 29228471 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sialic acids are a family of structurally unique and negatively charged nine-carbon sugars, normally found at the terminal positions of glycan chains on glycoproteins and glycolipids. The glycosylation of proteins is a universal post-translational modification in eukaryotic species and regulates essential biological functions, in which the most common sialic acid is N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (2-keto-5-acetamido-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galactononulopyranos-1-onic acid) (Neu5NAc). Because of the properties of sialic acids under general mass spectrometry (MS) conditions, such as instability, ionization discrimination, and mixed adducts, the use of MS in the analysis of protein sialoglycosylation is still challenging. The present review is focused on the application of MS related methodologies to the study of both N- and O-linked sialoglycans. We reviewed MS-based strategies for characterizing sialylation by analyzing intact glycoproteins, proteolytic digested glycopeptides, and released glycans. The review concludes with future perspectives in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Environment and Health, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Zack Li
- School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Environment and Health, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang C, Qiang S, Jin W, Song X, Zhang Y, Huang L, Wang Z. Reductive chemical release of N-glycans as 1-amino-alditols and subsequent 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl labeling for MS and LC/MS analysis. J Proteomics 2018; 187:47-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
29
|
Vanbeselaere J, Yan S, Joachim A, Paschinger K, Wilson IB. The parasitic nematode Oesophagostomum dentatum synthesizes unusual glycosaminoglycan-like O-glycans. Glycobiology 2018; 28:474-481. [PMID: 29757381 PMCID: PMC6103433 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
O-glycosylation is probably one of the most varied sets of post-translational modifications across all organisms, but amongst the most refractory to analyze. In animals, O-xylosylation of serine residues represents the first stage in the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans, whose repeat regions are generally analyzed as fragments resulting from enzymatic or chemical degradation, whereas their core regions can be isolated by β-elimination or endo-β-xylosidase digestion. In the present study, we show that hydrazinolysis can be employed for release of glycosaminoglycan-type oligosaccharides from nematodes prior to fluorescent labeling with 2-aminopyridine. While various [HexNAcHexA]nGal2Xyl oligosaccharides were isolated from the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, more unusual glycosaminoglycan-type glycans were found to be present in the porcine parasite Oesophagostomum dentatum. In this case, as judged by MS/MS before and after hydrofluoric acid or β-galactosidase digestion, core sequences with extra galactose and phosphorylcholine residues were detected as [(±PC)HexNAcHexA]n(±PC)Galβ3-(±Galβ4)Galβ4Xyl. Thus, hydrazinolysis and fluorescent labeling can be combined to analyze unique forms of O-xylosylation, including new examples of zwitterionic glycan modifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorick Vanbeselaere
- Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, 1190 Wien, Austria,Corresponding author: , Tel: +43-1-47654-77222; Fax: +43-1-47654-77276
| | - Shi Yan
- Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, 1190 Wien, Austria,Institut für Parasitologie, Veterinärmedizinische Universität, 1210 Wien, Austria
| | - Anja Joachim
- Institut für Parasitologie, Veterinärmedizinische Universität, 1210 Wien, Austria
| | | | - Iain B.H. Wilson
- Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, 1190 Wien, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yang S, Onigman P, Wu WW, Sjogren J, Nyhlen H, Shen RF, Cipollo J. Deciphering Protein O-Glycosylation: Solid-Phase Chemoenzymatic Cleavage and Enrichment. Anal Chem 2018; 90:8261-8269. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yang
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Philip Onigman
- Genovis Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Wells W. Wu
- Facility for Biotechnology Resources, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | | | | | - Rong-Fong Shen
- Facility for Biotechnology Resources, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - John Cipollo
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Affiliation(s)
- David J. Harvey
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Biological Sciences and the Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wang C, Lu Y, Han J, Jin W, Li L, Zhang Y, Song X, Huang L, Wang Z. Simultaneous Release and Labeling of O- and N-Glycans Allowing for Rapid Glycomic Analysis by Online LC-UV-ESI-MS/MS. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:2345-2357. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengjian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education and Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education and Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Jianli Han
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education and Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Wanjun Jin
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education and Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Lingmei Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education and Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education and Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Xuezheng Song
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, O. Wayne Rollins Research Center, 1510 Clifton Road, Suite 4117, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Linjuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education and Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Zhongfu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education and Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Harvey DJ, Seabright GE, Vasiljevic S, Crispin M, Struwe WB. Isomer Information from Ion Mobility Separation of High-Mannose Glycan Fragments. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 29:972-988. [PMID: 29508223 PMCID: PMC5940726 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-018-1890-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Extracted arrival time distributions of negative ion CID-derived fragments produced prior to traveling-wave ion mobility separation were evaluated for their ability to provide structural information on N-linked glycans. Fragmentation of high-mannose glycans released from several glycoproteins, including those from viral sources, provided over 50 fragments, many of which gave unique collisional cross-sections and provided additional information used to assign structural isomers. For example, cross-ring fragments arising from cleavage of the reducing terminal GlcNAc residue on Man8GlcNAc2 isomers have unique collision cross-sections enabling isomers to be differentiated in mixtures. Specific fragment collision cross-sections enabled identification of glycans, the antennae of which terminated in the antigenic α-galactose residue, and ions defining the composition of the 6-antenna of several of the glycans were also found to have different cross-sections from isomeric ions produced in the same spectra. Potential mechanisms for the formation of the various ions are discussed and the estimated collisional cross-sections are tabulated. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK.
- Center for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Life Sciences Building 85, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Gemma E Seabright
- Center for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Life Sciences Building 85, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Snezana Vasiljevic
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Max Crispin
- Center for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Life Sciences Building 85, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Weston B Struwe
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sriwilaijaroen N, Nakakita SI, Kondo S, Yagi H, Kato K, Murata T, Hiramatsu H, Kawahara T, Watanabe Y, Kanai Y, Ono T, Hirabayashi J, Matsumoto K, Suzuki Y. N-glycan structures of human alveoli provide insight into influenza A virus infection and pathogenesis. FEBS J 2018. [PMID: 29542865 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The rapidly evolvable influenza A virus has caused pandemics linked to millions of deaths in the past century. Influenza A viruses are categorized by H (hemagglutinin; HA) and N (neuraminidase; NA) proteins expressed on the viral envelope surface. Analyses of past pandemics suggest that the HA gene segment comes from a nonhuman virus, which is then introduced into an immunologically naïve human population with potentially devastating consequences. As a prerequisite for infection, the nonhuman HA molecules of H1-H16 viruses must be able to bind to specific sialyl receptors on the host cell surface along the human respiratory tract. Thus, additional insight into the structures of host cell glycans and how different HAs interact with different glycans might provide new insight into the mechanisms underlying sustained infection and transmission in humans. In this work, we identified the sialyl N-glycans found in normal human alveoli and characterized the influenza viruses that preferentially bound to these different structures. We also determined the amino acid changes in HA that were linked to a switch of receptor-binding preference from nonhuman to pandemic, as well as pandemic to seasonal. Our data provide insight into why seasonal viruses are associated with reduced alveolar infection and damage and suggest new considerations for designing anti-HA vaccines and drugs. The results provide a better understanding of viral tropism and pathogenesis in humans that will be important for prediction and surveillance of zoonotic, pandemic, and epidemic influenza outbreaks. DATABASE The novel hemagglutinin nucleotide sequences reported here were deposited in GISAID under the accession numbers of EPI685738 for A/Yamaguchi/20/2006(H1N1) and EPI685740 for A/Kitakyushu/10/2006(H1N1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nongluk Sriwilaijaroen
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand.,College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Nakakita
- Department of Functional Glycomics, Life Science Research Center, Kagawa University, Japan
| | - Sachiko Kondo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Yagi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Japan
| | - Koichi Kato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Japan.,Institute for Molecular Science and Okazaki Institute for Integrative Biosciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Takeomi Murata
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Japan
| | | | | | - Yohei Watanabe
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kanai
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Takao Ono
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Jun Hirabayashi
- Department of Functional Glycomics, Life Science Research Center, Kagawa University, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Matsumoto
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Yasuo Suzuki
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Aichi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Shang F, Gao N, Yin R, Lin L, Xiao C, Zhou L, Li Z, Purcell SW, Wu M, Zhao J. Precise structures of fucosylated glycosaminoglycan and its oligosaccharides as novel intrinsic factor Xase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 148:423-435. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
36
|
Everest-Dass AV, Moh ESX, Ashwood C, Shathili AMM, Packer NH. Human disease glycomics: technology advances enabling protein glycosylation analysis - part 1. Expert Rev Proteomics 2018; 15:165-182. [PMID: 29285957 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1421946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Protein glycosylation is recognized as an important post-translational modification, with specific substructures having significant effects on protein folding, conformation, distribution, stability and activity. However, due to the structural complexity of glycans, elucidating glycan structure-function relationships is demanding. The fine detail of glycan structures attached to proteins (including sequence, branching, linkage and anomericity) is still best analysed after the glycans are released from the purified or mixture of glycoproteins (glycomics). The technologies currently available for glycomics are becoming streamlined and standardized and many features of protein glycosylation can now be determined using instruments available in most protein analytical laboratories. Areas covered: This review focuses on the current glycomics technologies being commonly used for the analysis of the microheterogeneity of monosaccharide composition, sequence, branching and linkage of released N- and O-linked glycans that enable the determination of precise glycan structural determinants presented on secreted proteins and on the surface of all cells. Expert commentary: Several emerging advances in these technologies enabling glycomics analysis are discussed. The technological and bioinformatics requirements to be able to accurately assign these precise glycan features at biological levels in a disease context are assessed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arun V Everest-Dass
- a Biomolecular Discovery and Design Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia.,b Institute for Glycomics , Griffith University , Gold Coast , Australia.,c ARC Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
| | - Edward S X Moh
- a Biomolecular Discovery and Design Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia.,c ARC Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
| | - Christopher Ashwood
- a Biomolecular Discovery and Design Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia.,c ARC Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
| | - Abdulrahman M M Shathili
- a Biomolecular Discovery and Design Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia.,c ARC Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
| | - Nicolle H Packer
- a Biomolecular Discovery and Design Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia.,b Institute for Glycomics , Griffith University , Gold Coast , Australia.,c ARC Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Structural analysis of N-/O-glycans assembled on proteins in yeasts. J Microbiol 2018; 56:11-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-018-7468-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
38
|
PEREIRA ANDRESSAR, SEDENHO GRAZIELAC, SOUZA JOÃOCPDE, CRESPILHO FRANKN. Advances in enzyme bioelectrochemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 90:825-857. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201820170514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
39
|
King SR, Hecht ES, Muddiman DC. Demonstration of hydrazide tagging for O-glycans and a central composite design of experiments optimization using the INLIGHT™ reagent. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 410:1409-1415. [PMID: 29279989 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0828-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The INLIGHT™ strategy for N-linked glycan derivatization has been shown to overcome many of the challenges associated with glycan analysis. The hydrazide tag reacts efficiently with the glycans, increasing their non-polar surface area, allowing for reversed-phase separations and increased ionization efficiency. We have taken the INLIGHT™ strategy and adopted it for use with O-linked glycans. A central composite design was utilized to find optimized tagging conditions (45% acetic acid, 0.1 μg/μL tag concentration, 37 C, 1.75 h). Derivatization at optimized conditions was much quicker than any hydrazide derivatization strategy used previously. Human immunoglobulin A (IgA) and bovine submaxillary mucin (BSM) were then deglycosylated through hydrazinolysis and the removed glycans were tagged under optimum conditions. XIC of tagged glycans and MS2 data show successful hydrazide tagging of O-linked glycans for the first time. Graphical abstract The INLIGHT™ hydrazide tag was optimized using a central composite design for derivatization of O-linked glycans. Two glycoprotein standards were deglycosylated through hydrazinolysis and tagged at the optimized conditions. MS/MS data shows INLIGHT™ derivatization of glycans demonstrating successful hydrazide tagging of O-glycans for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R King
- W. M. Keck FTMS Laboratory from Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Hecht
- W. M. Keck FTMS Laboratory from Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - David C Muddiman
- W. M. Keck FTMS Laboratory from Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
O'Flaherty R, Trbojević-Akmačić I, Greville G, Rudd PM, Lauc G. The sweet spot for biologics: recent advances in characterization of biotherapeutic glycoproteins. Expert Rev Proteomics 2017; 15:13-29. [PMID: 29130774 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1404907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glycosylation is recognized as a Critical Quality Attribute for therapeutic glycoproteins such as monoclonal antibodies, fusion proteins and therapeutic replacement enzymes. Hence, efficient and quantitative glycan analysis techniques have been increasingly important for their discovery, development and quality control. The aim of this review is to highlight relevant and recent advances in analytical technologies for characterization of biotherapeutic glycoproteins. Areas covered: The review gives an overview of the glycosylation trends of biotherapeutics approved in 2016 and 2017 by FDA. It describes current and novel analytical technologies for characterization of therapeutic glycoproteins and is explored in the context of released glycan, glycopeptide or intact glycoprotein analysis. Ultra performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis technologies are explored in this context. Expert commentary: There is a need for the biopharmaceutical industry to incorporate novel state of the art analytical technologies into existing and new therapeutic glycoprotein workflows for safer and more efficient biotherapeutics and for the improvement of future biotherapeutic design. Additionally, at present, there is no 'gold-standard' approach to address all the regulatory requirements and as such this will involve the use of orthogonal glycoanalytical technologies with a view to gain diagnostic information about the therapeutic glycoprotein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Róisín O'Flaherty
- a NIBRT GlycoScience Group , National Institute for Bioprocessing, Research and Training , Blackrock, Co. Dublin , Ireland
| | | | - Gordon Greville
- a NIBRT GlycoScience Group , National Institute for Bioprocessing, Research and Training , Blackrock, Co. Dublin , Ireland
| | - Pauline M Rudd
- a NIBRT GlycoScience Group , National Institute for Bioprocessing, Research and Training , Blackrock, Co. Dublin , Ireland
| | - Gordan Lauc
- b Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory , 10000 , Zagreb , Croatia.,c Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry , University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Cai Y, Cai B, Ikeda S. Stabilization of milk proteins in acidic conditions by pectic polysaccharides extracted from soy flour. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:7793-7801. [PMID: 28755928 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Pectic polysaccharides were extracted from soy flour at either room temperature (SPRT) or 121°C (SPH), and their abilities to stabilize milk proteins in acidic conditions were evaluated. Both SPRT and SPH were found to contain proteinaceous components that were difficult to dissociate from polysaccharide components using size exclusion chromatography, whereas the molar mass of the former was approximately twice that of the latter. Due to the higher molar mass, SPRT was expected to provide stronger steric effects to prevent aggregation between milk proteins in acidic conditions than SPH. Alkaline treatment of SPRT for breaking O-linkages between AA and monosaccharide residues decreased its molar mass by approximately 160 kDa, indicating that they contained naturally occurring conjugates of pectic and proteinaceous moieties. Particle size distributions in simulated acidified milk drink samples containing 0.2% SPRT or SPH showed monomodal distributions with median diameters of around 1.2 μm at pH 4. The presence of large protein aggregates (∼5 μm) was detected at 0.2% SPRT and pH 3.2, 0.6 to 0.8% SPRT and pH 4, or 0.2% SPH and pH 3.4. The presence of excess polysaccharide molecules unbound to proteins was detected at 0.2% SPRT and pH 3.2 to 3.4, 0.4 to 0.8% SPRT and pH 4, 0.2% SPH and pH 3.4 to 3.6, and 0.4 to 0.8% SPH and pH 4. The present results suggest that molecular characteristics of pectic polysaccharides vary depending on extraction conditions and hence their functional behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Cai
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
| | - B Cai
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
| | - S Ikeda
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Goso Y, Sugaya T, Ishihara K, Kurihara M. Comparison of Methods to Release Mucin-Type O-Glycans for Glycomic Analysis. Anal Chem 2017; 89:8870-8876. [PMID: 28723077 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mucin-type O-glycans (O-glycans) are one of the most common glycans attached to proteins. To develop an optimized glycomic analysis protocol, O-glycans were released from glycoproteins using hydrazine, ammonia, or sodium hydroxide treatment, followed by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography to evaluate O-glycan release. We found that porcine gastric mucin or bovine fetuin treated at 60 °C for 6 h with hydrazine gas in the presence of malonic acid yielded O-glycans with only a small amount of degraded, so-called "peeled" products. Ammonia treatment also yielded intact O-glycans but with additional peeled products containing GlcNAc at the reducing end. In contrast, sodium hydroxide treatment yielded mainly peeled glycans, including those containing GlcNAc at the reducing end. Importantly, O-glycans obtained from rat gastric mucin treated with hydrazine and labeled with anthranilic acid had a nearly identical profile following hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography as permethylated O-glycan alditols analyzed by mass spectroscopy. Taken together, the data suggest that glycan release using hydrazine treatment, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography after fluorescent labeling, is a suitable method for glycomic analysis of mucin-type O-glycans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukinobu Goso
- Department of Biochemistry, Kitasato University School of Medicine , Sagamihara 252-0374, Japan
| | - Tsukiko Sugaya
- Department of Biochemistry, Kitasato University School of Medicine , Sagamihara 252-0374, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ishihara
- Kitasato Junior College of Health and Hygienic Sciences , Minami-uonuma 949-7241, Japan
| | - Makoto Kurihara
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Kanagawa Institute of Technology , Atsugi 243-0292, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Yang S, Hu Y, Sokoll L, Zhang H. Simultaneous quantification of N- and O-glycans using a solid-phase method. Nat Protoc 2017; 12:1229-1244. [PMID: 28518173 PMCID: PMC5877797 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2017.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation has a pivotal role in a diverse range of biological activities, modulating the structure and function of proteins. Glycogens coupled to the nitrogen atom (N-linked) of asparagine side chains or to the oxygen atom (O-linked) of serine and threonine side chains represent the two major protein glycosylation forms. N-glycans can be released by glycosidases, whereas O-glycans are often cleaved by chemical reaction. However, it is challenging to combine these enzymatic and chemical reactions in order to analyze both N- and O-glycans. We recently developed a glycoprotei n immobilization for glycan extraction (GIG) method that allows for the simultaneous analysis of N- and O-glycans on a solid support. GIG enables quantitative analysis of N-glycans and O-glycans from a single specimen and can be applied to a high-throughput automated platform. Here we provide a step-by-step GIG protocol that includes procedures for (i) protein immobilization on an aldehyde-active solid support by reductive amination; (ii) stabilization of fragile sialic acids by carbodiimide coupling; (iii) release of N-glycans by PNGase F digestion; (iv) release of O-glycans by β-elimination using ammonia in the presence of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) to prevent alditol peeling from O-glycans; (v) mass spectrometry (MS) analysis; and (vi) data analysis for identification of glycans using in-house developed software (GIG Tool; free to download via http://www.biomarkercenter.org/gigtool). The GIG tool extracts precursor masses, oxonium ions and glycan fragments from tandem (liquid chromatography (LC)-MS/MS) mass spectra for glycan identification, and reporter ions from quaternary amine containing isobaric tag for glycan (QUANTITY) isobaric tags are used for quantification of the relative abundance of N-glycans. The GIG protocol takes ∼3 d.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yingwei Hu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lori Sokoll
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Xie Y, Deng C, Li Y. Designed synthesis of ultra-hydrophilic sulfo-functionalized metal-organic frameworks with a magnetic core for highly efficient enrichment of the N-linked glycopeptides. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1508:1-6. [PMID: 28602507 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Highly efficient extraction and enrichment of the N-linked glycopeptides from complex biological samples before mass spectrometry analysis remains important but challenging, due to the low abundance and suppression by proteins and salts. Herein, a facile route to an ultra-hydrophilic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle (Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H) was proposed. The as-prepared MOFs was endowed with excellent and unique properties, such as excellent hydrophilicity, ultrahigh surface area, and strong magnetic responsiveness. By virtue of these properties and based on hydrophilic interaction, Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H exhibited outstanding sensitivity and selectivity, remarkable recyclability and stability towards N-linked glycopeptide enrichment. In deep, a total of 177 N-linked glycopeptides, assigned to 85 different glycoproteins, were identified from the healthy human serum after treated with the Fe3O4@PDA@Zr-SO3H. These results confirmed that our strategy offered a promising platform for preparing hydrophilic metal-organic framework-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for glycosylation analysis by mass spectrometry analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiqin Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chunhui Deng
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Department, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Designed synthesis of a "One for Two" hydrophilic magnetic amino-functionalized metal-organic framework for highly efficient enrichment of glycopeptides and phosphopeptides. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1162. [PMID: 28442774 PMCID: PMC5430903 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01341-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly efficient enrichment of glycopeptides or phosphopeptides from complex biological samples is indispensable for high-throughput mass spectrometry analysis. In this study, for the first time, a "one for two" hydrophilic magnetic amino-functionalized metal-organic framework (MOF) was designed and synthesized for selective enrichment of both glycopeptides and phosphopeptides. A well-known solvo-thermal reaction was adopted to prepare a magnetic core Fe3O4, followed by self- polymerization of dopamine, creating a polydopamine (PDA) onto Fe3O4. Thanks to the hydroxyl and amino group of PDA, Zr3+ was easily adhered to the surface, inducing the following one-pot MOF reaction with amino ligand. After characterization of the as-prepared MOFs (denoted as Fe3O4@PDA@UiO-66-NH2), its ultrahigh surface area, excellent hydrophilicity and strong magnetic responsiveness were highly confirmed. Based on hydrophilic interaction, it was applied to glycopeptide enrichment, while based on strong binding between Zr and phosphopeptides, it was applied to phosphopeptide enrichment, both exhibiting excellent performance in standard proteins and human serum with high sensitivity and selectivity. These results showed the as-prepared MOFs had great potential in proteomics research.
Collapse
|
46
|
Karav S, German JB, Rouquié C, Le Parc A, Barile D. Studying Lactoferrin N-Glycosylation. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E870. [PMID: 28425960 PMCID: PMC5412451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin is a multifunctional glycoprotein found in the milk of most mammals. In addition to its well-known role of binding iron, lactoferrin carries many important biological functions, including the promotion of cell proliferation and differentiation, and as an anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and anti-parasitic protein. These functions differ among lactoferrin homologs in mammals. Although considerable attention has been given to the many functions of lactoferrin, its primary nutritional contribution is presumed to be related to its iron-binding characteristics, whereas the role of glycosylation has been neglected. Given the critical role of glycan binding in many biological processes, the glycan moieties in lactoferrin are likely to contribute significantly to the biological roles of lactoferrin. Despite the high amino acid sequence homology in different lactoferrins (up to 99%), each exhibits a unique glycosylation pattern that may be responsible for heterogeneity of the biological properties of lactoferrins. An important task for the production of biotherapeutics and medical foods containing bioactive glycoproteins is the assessment of the contributions of individual glycans to the observed bioactivities. This review examines how the study of lactoferrin glycosylation patterns can increase our understanding of lactoferrin functionality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sercan Karav
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100 Canakkale, Turkey.
| | - J Bruce German
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Camille Rouquié
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Annabelle Le Parc
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Daniela Barile
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Furuki K, Toyo’oka T, Ban K. Highly sensitive glycosylamine labelling of O-glycans using non-reductive β-elimination. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:2269-2283. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-0171-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
48
|
Yang S, Höti N, Yang W, Liu Y, Chen L, Li S, Zhang H. Simultaneous analyses of N-linked and O-linked glycans of ovarian cancer cells using solid-phase chemoenzymatic method. Clin Proteomics 2017; 14:3. [PMID: 28100988 PMCID: PMC5237303 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-017-9137-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycans play critical roles in a number of biological activities. Two common types of glycans, N-linked and O-linked, have been extensively analyzed in the last decades. N-glycans are typically released from glycoproteins by enzymes, while O-glycans are released from glycoproteins by chemical methods. It is important to identify and quantify both N- and O-linked glycans of glycoproteins to determine the changes of glycans. METHODS The effort has been dedicated to study glycans from ovarian cancer cells treated with O-linked glycosylation inhibitor qualitatively and quantitatively. We used a solid-phase chemoenzymatic approach to systematically identify and quantify N-glycans and O-glycans in the ovarian cancer cells. It consists of three steps: (1) immobilization of proteins from cells and derivatization of glycans to protect sialic acids; (2) release of N-glycans by PNGase F and quantification of N-glycans by isobaric tags; (3) release and quantification of O-glycans by β-elimination in the presence of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP). RESULTS We used ovarian cancer cell lines to study effect of O-linked glycosylation inhibitor on protein glycosylation. Results suggested that the inhibition of O-linked glycosylation reduced the levels of O-glycans. Interestingly, it appeared to increase N-glycan level in a lower dose of the O-linked glycosylation inhibitor. The sequential release and analyses of N-linked and O-linked glycans using chemoenzymatic approach are a platform for studying N-glycans and O-glycans in complex biological samples. CONCLUSION The solid-phase chemoenzymatic method was used to analyze both N-linked and O-linked glycans sequentially released from the ovarian cancer cells. The biological studies on O-linked glycosylation inhibition indicate the effects of O-glycosylation inhibition to glycan changes in both O-linked and N-linked glycan expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Smith Bldg 4013, 400 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
| | - Naseruddin Höti
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Smith Bldg 4013, 400 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
| | - Weiming Yang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Smith Bldg 4013, 400 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Smith Bldg 4013, 400 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
| | - Lijun Chen
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Smith Bldg 4013, 400 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
| | - Shuwei Li
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland College Park, Rockville, MD 20850 USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Smith Bldg 4013, 400 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most common and essential protein modifications. Glycans conjugated to biomolecules modulate the function of such molecules through both direct recognition of glycan structures and indirect mechanisms that involve the control of protein turnover rates, stability, and conformation. The biological attributes of glycans in numerous biological processes and implications in a number of diseases highlight the necessity for comprehensive characterization of protein glycosylation. This chapter reviews cutting-edge methods and tools developed to facilitate quantitative glycomics. This chapter highlights the different methods employed for the release and purification of glycans from biological samples. The most effective labeling methods developed for sensitive quantitative glycomics are also described and discussed. The chromatographic approaches that have been used effectively in glycomics are also highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Veillon
- Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - S Zhou
- Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Y Mechref
- Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Karlsson NG, Jin C, Rojas-Macias MA, Adamczyk B. Next Generation O-Linked Glycomics. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2017. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1602.1e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niclas G. Karlsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg
| | - Chunsheng Jin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg
| | - Miguel A. Rojas-Macias
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg
| | - Barbara Adamczyk
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg
| |
Collapse
|