1
|
Cheng Z, Chen Y, Schnabl B, Chu H, Yang L. Bile acid and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Molecular insights and therapeutic targets. J Adv Res 2024; 59:173-187. [PMID: 37356804 PMCID: PMC11081971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has been the second most common cause of liver transplantation in the United States. To date, NASH pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated but is multifactorial, involving insulin resistance, obesity, metabolic disorders, diet, dysbiosis, and gene polymorphism. An effective and approved therapy for NASH has also not been established. Bile acid is long known to have physiological detergent function in emulsifying and absorbing lipids and lipid-soluble molecules within the intestinal lumen. With more and more in-depth understandings of bile acid, it has been deemed to be a pivotal signaling molecule, which is capable of regulating lipid and glucose metabolism, liver inflammation, and fibrosis. In recent years, a plethora of studies have delineated that disrupted bile acid homeostasis is intimately correlated with NASH disease severity. AIMS The review aims to clarify the role of bile acid in hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism, liver inflammation, as well as liver fibrosis, and discusses the safety and efficacy of some pharmacological agents targeting bile acid and its associated pathways for NASH. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Bile acid has a salutary effect on hepatic metabolic disorders, which can ameliorate liver fat accumulation and insulin resistance mainly through activating Takeda G-protein coupled receptor 5 and farnesoid X receptor. Moreover, bile acid also exerts anti-inflammation and anti-fibrosis properties. Furthermore, bile acid has great potential in nonalcoholic liver disease stratification and treatment of NASH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zilu Cheng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China
| | - Yixiong Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Huikuan Chu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China.
| | - Ling Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Long Q, Zhou W, Zhou H, Tang Y, Chen W, Liu Q, Bian X. Polyamine-containing natural products: structure, bioactivity, and biosynthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2024; 41:525-564. [PMID: 37873660 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00087c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2005 to August, 2023Polyamine-containing natural products (NPs) have been isolated from a wide range of terrestrial and marine organisms and most of them exhibit remarkable and diverse activities, including antimicrobial, antiprotozoal, antiangiogenic, antitumor, antiviral, iron-chelating, anti-depressive, anti-inflammatory, insecticidal, antiobesity, and antioxidant properties. Their extraordinary activities and potential applications in human health and agriculture attract increasing numbers of studies on polyamine-containing NPs. In this review, we summarized the source, structure, classification, bioactivities and biosynthesis of polyamine-containing NPs, focusing on the biosynthetic mechanism of polyamine itself and representative polyamine alkaloids, polyamine-containing siderophores with catechol/hydroxamate/hydroxycarboxylate groups, nonribosomal peptide-(polyketide)-polyamine (NRP-(PK)-PA), and NRP-PK-long chain poly-fatty amine (lcPFAN) hybrid molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingshan Long
- Hunan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Agricultural Microbiology Application, Hunan Institute of Microbiology, Changsha, 410009, China.
| | - Wen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Haibo Zhou
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Ying Tang
- Hunan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Agricultural Microbiology Application, Hunan Institute of Microbiology, Changsha, 410009, China.
| | - Wu Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Qingshu Liu
- Hunan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Agricultural Microbiology Application, Hunan Institute of Microbiology, Changsha, 410009, China.
| | - Xiaoying Bian
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mohanty I, Mannochio-Russo H, Schweer JV, El Abiead Y, Bittremieux W, Xing S, Schmid R, Zuffa S, Vasquez F, Muti VB, Zemlin J, Tovar-Herrera OE, Moraïs S, Desai D, Amin S, Koo I, Turck CW, Mizrahi I, Kris-Etherton PM, Petersen KS, Fleming JA, Huan T, Patterson AD, Siegel D, Hagey LR, Wang M, Aron AT, Dorrestein PC. The underappreciated diversity of bile acid modifications. Cell 2024; 187:1801-1818.e20. [PMID: 38471500 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The repertoire of modifications to bile acids and related steroidal lipids by host and microbial metabolism remains incompletely characterized. To address this knowledge gap, we created a reusable resource of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) spectra by filtering 1.2 billion publicly available MS/MS spectra for bile-acid-selective ion patterns. Thousands of modifications are distributed throughout animal and human bodies as well as microbial cultures. We employed this MS/MS library to identify polyamine bile amidates, prevalent in carnivores. They are present in humans, and their levels alter with a diet change from a Mediterranean to a typical American diet. This work highlights the existence of many more bile acid modifications than previously recognized and the value of leveraging public large-scale untargeted metabolomics data to discover metabolites. The availability of a modification-centric bile acid MS/MS library will inform future studies investigating bile acid roles in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ipsita Mohanty
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Helena Mannochio-Russo
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joshua V Schweer
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yasin El Abiead
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wout Bittremieux
- Department of Computer Science, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Shipei Xing
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Robin Schmid
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Simone Zuffa
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Felipe Vasquez
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Valentina B Muti
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
| | - Jasmine Zemlin
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Omar E Tovar-Herrera
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel; Goldman Sonnenfeldt School of Sustainability and Climate Change, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Sarah Moraïs
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel; Goldman Sonnenfeldt School of Sustainability and Climate Change, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Dhimant Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Shantu Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Imhoi Koo
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Christoph W Turck
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Proteomics and Biomarkers, Kraepelinstrasse 2-10, Munich 80804, Germany; Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Itzhak Mizrahi
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel; Goldman Sonnenfeldt School of Sustainability and Climate Change, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Penny M Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Kristina S Petersen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Fleming
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Tao Huan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Dionicio Siegel
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lee R Hagey
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mingxun Wang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Allegra T Aron
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gómez C, Alimajstorovic Z, Othonos N, Winter DV, White S, Lavery GG, Tomlinson JW, Sinclair AJ, Odermatt A. Identification of a human blood biomarker of pharmacological 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 inhibition. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:698-711. [PMID: 37740611 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1 (11β-HSD1) catalyses the oxoreduction of cortisone to cortisol, amplifying levels of active glucocorticoids. It is a pharmaceutical target in metabolic disease and cognitive impairments. 11β-HSD1 also converts some 7oxo-steroids to their 7β-hydroxy forms. A recent study in mice described the ratio of tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA)/tauro-7oxolithocholic acid (T7oxoLCA) as a biomarker for decreased 11β-HSD1 activity. The present study evaluates the equivalent bile acid ratio of glycoursodeoxycholic acid (GUDCA)/glyco-7oxolithocholic acid (G7oxoLCA) as a biomarker for pharmacological 11β-HSD1 inhibition in humans and compares it with the currently applied urinary (5α-tetrahydrocortisol + tetrahydrocortisol)/tetrahydrocortisone ((5αTHF + THF)/THE) ratio. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Bile acid profiles were analysed by ultra-HPLC tandem-MS in blood samples from two independent, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical studies of the orally administered selective 11β-HSD1 inhibitor AZD4017. The blood GUDCA/G7oxoLCA ratio was compared with the urinary tetrahydro-glucocorticoid ratio for ability to detect 11β-HSD1 inhibition. KEY RESULTS No significant alterations were observed in bile acid profiles following 11β-HSD1 inhibition by AZD4017, except for an increase of the secondary bile acid G7oxoLCA. The enzyme product/substrate ratio GUDCA/G7oxoLCA was found to be more reliable to detect 11β-HSD1 inhibition than the absolute G7oxoLCA concentration in both cohorts. Comparison of the blood GUDCA/G7oxoLCA ratio with the urinary (5αTHF + THF)/THE ratio revealed that both successfully detect 11β-HSD1 inhibition. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS 11β-HSD1 inhibition does not cause major alterations in bile acid homeostasis. The GUDCA/G7oxoLCA ratio represents the first blood biomarker of pharmacological 11β-HSD1 inhibition and may replace or complement the urinary (5αTHF + THF)/THE ratio biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Gómez
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zerin Alimajstorovic
- Metabolic Neurology, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nantia Othonos
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Denise V Winter
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sarah White
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Gareth G Lavery
- Department for Biosciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jeremy W Tomlinson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexandra J Sinclair
- Metabolic Neurology, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alex Odermatt
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rowe JC, Winston JA. Collaborative Metabolism: Gut Microbes Play a Key Role in Canine and Feline Bile Acid Metabolism. Vet Sci 2024; 11:94. [PMID: 38393112 PMCID: PMC10892723 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11020094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Bile acids, produced by the liver and secreted into the gastrointestinal tract, are dynamic molecules capable of impacting the overall health of dogs and cats in many contexts. Importantly, the gut microbiota metabolizes host primary bile acids into chemically distinct secondary bile acids. This review explores the emergence of new literature connecting microbial-derived bile acid metabolism to canine and feline health and disease. Moreover, this review highlights multi-omic methodologies for translational research as an area for continued growth in veterinary medicine aimed at accelerating microbiome science and medicine as it pertains to bile acid metabolism in dogs and cats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John C. Rowe
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- Comparative Hepatobiliary Intestinal Research Program (CHIRP), The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jenessa A. Winston
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- Comparative Hepatobiliary Intestinal Research Program (CHIRP), The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Correa Lopes B, Chen CC, Sung CH, Ishii PE, Medina LFDC, Gaschen FP, Suchodolski JS, Pilla R. Correlation between Peptacetobacter hiranonis, the baiCD Gene, and Secondary Bile Acids in Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:216. [PMID: 38254385 PMCID: PMC10812727 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Bile acid metabolism is a key pathway modulated by intestinal microbiota. Peptacetobacter (Clostridium) hiranonis has been described as the main species responsible for the conversion of primary into secondary fecal unconjugated bile acids (fUBA) in dogs. This multi-step biochemical pathway is encoded by the bile acid-inducible (bai) operon. We aimed to assess the correlation between P. hiranonis abundance, the abundance of one specific gene of the bai operon (baiCD), and secondary fUBA concentrations. In this retrospective study, 133 fecal samples were analyzed from 24 dogs. The abundances of P. hiranonis and baiCD were determined using qPCR. The concentration of fUBA was measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The baiCD abundance exhibited a strong positive correlation with secondary fUBA (ρ = 0.7377, 95% CI (0.6461, 0.8084), p < 0.0001). Similarly, there was a strong correlation between P. hiranonis and secondary fUBA (ρ = 0.6658, 95% CI (0.5555, 0.7532), p < 0.0001). Animals displaying conversion of fUBA and lacking P. hiranonis were not observed. These results suggest P. hiranonis is the main converter of primary to secondary bile acids in dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Correa Lopes
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA; (C.-C.C.); (C.-H.S.); (P.E.I.); (L.F.d.C.M.); (J.S.S.); (R.P.)
| | - Chih-Chun Chen
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA; (C.-C.C.); (C.-H.S.); (P.E.I.); (L.F.d.C.M.); (J.S.S.); (R.P.)
| | - Chi-Hsuan Sung
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA; (C.-C.C.); (C.-H.S.); (P.E.I.); (L.F.d.C.M.); (J.S.S.); (R.P.)
| | - Patricia Eri Ishii
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA; (C.-C.C.); (C.-H.S.); (P.E.I.); (L.F.d.C.M.); (J.S.S.); (R.P.)
| | - Luis Fernando da Costa Medina
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA; (C.-C.C.); (C.-H.S.); (P.E.I.); (L.F.d.C.M.); (J.S.S.); (R.P.)
| | - Frederic P. Gaschen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
| | - Jan S. Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA; (C.-C.C.); (C.-H.S.); (P.E.I.); (L.F.d.C.M.); (J.S.S.); (R.P.)
| | - Rachel Pilla
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA; (C.-C.C.); (C.-H.S.); (P.E.I.); (L.F.d.C.M.); (J.S.S.); (R.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nakatani K, Izumi Y, Umakoshi H, Yokomoto-Umakoshi M, Nakaji T, Kaneko H, Nakao H, Ogawa Y, Ikeda K, Bamba T. Wide-scope targeted analysis of bioactive lipids in human plasma by LC/MS/MS. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100492. [PMID: 38135255 PMCID: PMC10821590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative information on blood metabolites can be used in developing advanced medical strategies such as early detection and prevention of disease. Monitoring bioactive lipids such as steroids, bile acids, and PUFA metabolites could be a valuable indicator of health status. However, a method for simultaneously measuring these bioactive lipids has not yet been developed. Here, we report a LC/MS/MS method that can simultaneously measure 144 bioactive lipids, including steroids, bile acids, and PUFA metabolites, from human plasma, and a sample preparation method for these targets. Protein removal by methanol precipitation and purification of bioactive lipids by solid-phase extraction improved the recovery of the targeted compounds in human plasma samples, demonstrating the importance of sample preparation methods for a wide range of bioactive lipid analyses. Using the developed method, we studied the plasma from healthy human volunteers and confirmed the presence of bioactive lipid molecules associated with sex differences and circadian rhythms. The developed method of bioactive lipid analysis can be applied to health monitoring and disease biomarker discovery in precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kohta Nakatani
- Division of Metabolomics/Mass Spectrometry Center, Medical Research Center for High Depth Omics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Izumi
- Division of Metabolomics/Mass Spectrometry Center, Medical Research Center for High Depth Omics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Hironobu Umakoshi
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Maki Yokomoto-Umakoshi
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nakaji
- Division of Metabolomics/Mass Spectrometry Center, Medical Research Center for High Depth Omics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kaneko
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakao
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- Laboratory of Biomolecule Analysis, Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takeshi Bamba
- Division of Metabolomics/Mass Spectrometry Center, Medical Research Center for High Depth Omics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang A, Zhong Q. Drying of probiotics to enhance the viability during preparation, storage, food application, and digestion: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13287. [PMID: 38284583 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Functional food products containing viable probiotics have become increasingly popular and demand for probiotic ingredients that maintain viability and stability during processing, storage, and gastrointestinal digestions. This has resulted in heightened research and development of powdered probiotic ingredients. The aim of this review is to overview the development of dried probiotics from upstream identification to downstream applications in food. Free probiotic bacteria are susceptible to various environmental stresses during food processing, storage, and after ingestion, necessitating additional materials and processes to preserve their activity for delivery to the colon. Various classic and emerging thermal and nonthermal drying technologies are discussed for their efficiency in preparing dehydrated probiotics, and strategies for enhancing probiotic survival after dehydration are highlighted. Both the formulation and drying technology can influence the microbiological and physical properties of powdered probiotics that are to be characterized comprehensively with various techniques. Furthermore, quality control during probiotic manufacturing and strategies of incorporating powdered probiotics into liquid and solid food products are discussed. As emerging technologies, structure-design principles to encapsulate probiotics in engineered structures and protective materials with improved survivability are highlighted. Overall, this review provides insights into formulations and drying technologies required to supplement viable and stable probiotics into functional foods, ensuring the retention of their health benefits upon consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anyi Wang
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
- International Flavors and Fragrances, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Qixin Zhong
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jia X, Chen Q, Zhang Y, Asakawa T. Multidirectional associations between the gut microbiota and Parkinson's disease, updated information from the perspectives of humoral pathway, cellular immune pathway and neuronal pathway. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1296713. [PMID: 38173790 PMCID: PMC10762314 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1296713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract is inhabited by a diverse range of microorganisms, collectively known as the gut microbiota, which form a vast and complex ecosystem. It has been reported that the microbiota-gut-brain axis plays a crucial role in regulating host neuroprotective function. Studies have shown that patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, and experiments involving germ-free mice and fecal microbiota transplantation from PD patients have revealed the pathogenic role of the gut microbiota in PD. Interventions targeting the gut microbiota in PD, including the use of prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, have also shown efficacy in treating PD. However, the causal relationship between the gut microbiota and Parkinson's disease remains intricate. This study reviewed the association between the microbiota-gut-brain axis and PD from the perspectives of humoral pathway, cellular immune pathway and neuronal pathway. We found that the interactions among gut microbiota and PD are very complex, which should be "multidirectional", rather than conventionally regarded "bidirectional". To realize application of the gut microbiota-related mechanisms in the clinical setting, we propose several problems which should be addressed in the future study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Qiliang Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tetsuya Asakawa
- Institute of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ravi PC, Thugu TR, Singh J, Dasireddy RR, Kumar SA, Isaac NV, Oladimeji A, DeTrolio V, Abdalla R, Mohan V, Iqbal J. Gallstone Disease and Its Correlation With Thyroid Disorders: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e45116. [PMID: 37842424 PMCID: PMC10568238 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the years, several studies have revealed an important link between thyroid disorders and gallstone disease. According to these studies, hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are associated with cholesterol gallstone disease. This association between thyroid hormone disorders and cholesterol gallstone disease is due to the importance of thyroid hormones on cholesterol synthesis, bile functioning and content, and gallbladder motility. Several genes and receptors have been found on the thyroid gland, liver, and gallbladder to verify this association. These genes affect thyroid hormone secretion, lipid metabolism, and bile secretion. Defects in these various gene expression and protein functions lead to bile duct diseases. Other causes that lead to cholesterol gallstone disease are supersaturation of the bile with cholesterol and impaired gallbladder motility, which leads to bile stasis. This article has discussed these factors in detail while highlighting the association between thyroid hormones and cholesterol gallstone disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thanmai Reddy Thugu
- Internal Medicine, Sri Padmavathi Medical College for Women, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences (SVIMS), Tirupati, IND
| | - Jugraj Singh
- Internal Medicine, Punjab Institute of Medical Sciences, Jalandhar, IND
| | | | - Sharanya Anil Kumar
- Medicine and Surgery, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, IND
| | - Natasha Varghese Isaac
- Medicine, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences (RGUHS), Bengaluru, IND
| | | | | | - Rasha Abdalla
- Medicine and Surgery, Shendi University, Shendi, SDN
| | - Vineetha Mohan
- Medicine and Surgery, Government Medical College Kottayam, Kottayam, IND
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tveter KM, Mezhibovsky E, Wu Y, Roopchand DE. Bile acid metabolism and signaling: Emerging pharmacological targets of dietary polyphenols. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 248:108457. [PMID: 37268113 PMCID: PMC10528343 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Beyond their role as emulsifiers of lipophilic compounds, bile acids (BAs) are signaling endocrine molecules that show differential affinity and specificity for a variety of canonical and non-canonical BA receptors. Primary BAs (PBAs) are synthesized in the liver while secondary BAs (SBAs) are gut microbial metabolites of PBA species. PBAs and SBAs signal to BA receptors that regulate downstream pathways of inflammation and energy metabolism. Dysregulation of BA metabolism or signaling has emerged as a feature of chronic disease. Dietary polyphenols are non-nutritive plant-derived compounds associated with decreased risk of metabolic syndrome, type-2 diabetes, hepatobiliary and cardiovascular disease. Evidence suggests that the health promoting effects of dietary polyphenols are linked to their ability to alter the gut microbial community, the BA pool, and BA signaling. In this review we provide an overview of BA metabolism and summarize studies that link the cardiometabolic improvements of dietary polyphenols to their modulation of BA metabolism and signaling pathways, and the gut microbiota. Finally, we discuss approaches and challenges in deciphering cause-effect relationships between dietary polyphenols, BAs, and gut microbes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Tveter
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Food Science, Institute for Food Nutrition and Health [Center for Microbiome, Nutrition and Health & Rutgers Center for Lipid Research], 61 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Esther Mezhibovsky
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Food Science, Institute for Food Nutrition and Health [Center for Microbiome, Nutrition and Health & Rutgers Center for Lipid Research], 61 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Yue Wu
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Food Science, Institute for Food Nutrition and Health [Center for Microbiome, Nutrition and Health & Rutgers Center for Lipid Research], 61 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Diana E Roopchand
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Food Science, Institute for Food Nutrition and Health [Center for Microbiome, Nutrition and Health & Rutgers Center for Lipid Research], 61 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ontsouka E, Schroeder M, Albrecht C. Revisited role of the placenta in bile acid homeostasis. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1213757. [PMID: 37546542 PMCID: PMC10402276 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1213757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, the discussion concerning bile acids (BAs) during gestation is almost exclusively linked to pregnancy complications such as intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) when maternal serum BA levels reach very high concentrations (>100 μM). Generally, the placenta is believed to serve as a protective barrier avoiding exposure of the growing fetus to excessive amounts of maternal BAs that might cause detrimental effects (e.g., intrauterine growth restriction and/or increased vulnerability to metabolic diseases). However, little is known about the precise role of the placenta in BA biosynthesis, transport, and metabolism in healthy pregnancies when serum BAs are at physiological levels (i.e., low maternal and high fetal BA concentrations). It is well known that primary BAs are synthesized from cholesterol in the liver and are later modified to secondary BA species by colonic bacteria. Besides the liver, BA synthesis in extrahepatic sites such as the brain elicits neuroprotective actions through inhibition of apoptosis as well as oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Even though historically BAs were thought to be only "detergent molecules" required for intestinal absorption of dietary fats, they are nowadays acknowledged as full signaling molecules. They modulate a myriad of signaling pathways with functional consequences on essential processes such as gluconeogenesis -one of the principal energy sources of the fetus- and cellular proliferation. The current manuscript discusses the potential multipotent roles of physiologically circulating BAs on developmental processes during gestation and provides a novel perspective in terms of the importance of the placenta as a previously unknown source of BAs. Since the principle "not too much, not too little" applicable to other signaling molecules may be also true for BAs, the risks associated with fetal exposure to excessive levels of BAs are discussed.
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhu F, Zheng S, Zhao M, Shi F, Zheng L, Wang H. The regulatory role of bile acid microbiota in the progression of liver cirrhosis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1214685. [PMID: 37416060 PMCID: PMC10320161 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1214685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are synthesized in liver tissue from cholesterol and are an important endocrine regulator and signaling molecule in the liver and intestine. It maintains BAs homeostasis, and the integrity of intestinal barrier function, and regulates enterohepatic circulation in vivo by modulating farnesoid X receptors (FXR) and membrane receptors. Cirrhosis and its associated complications can lead to changes in the composition of intestinal micro-ecosystem, resulting in dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota. These changes may be related to the altered composition of BAs. The BAs transported to the intestinal cavity through the enterohepatic circulation are hydrolyzed and oxidized by intestinal microorganisms, resulting in changes in their physicochemical properties, which can also lead to dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota and overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria, induction of inflammation, and damage to the intestinal barrier, thus aggravating the progression of cirrhosis. In this paper, we review the discussion of BAs synthesis pathway and signal transduction, the bidirectional regulation of bile acids and intestinal microbiota, and further explore the role of reduced total bile acid concentration and dysregulated intestinal microbiota ratio in the development of cirrhosis, in order to provide a new theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of cirrhosis and its complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Shudan Zheng
- First Clinical School of Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Mei Zhao
- First Clinical School of Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Fan Shi
- First Clinical School of Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Lihong Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Haiqiang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ontsouka E, Schroeder M, Ok L, Vaillancourt C, Stroka D, Albrecht C. The Placenta-A New Source of Bile Acids during Healthy Pregnancy? First Results of a Gene Expression Study in Humans and Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9511. [PMID: 37298459 PMCID: PMC10253767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are natural ligands for several receptors modulating cell activities. BAs are synthesized via the classic (neutral) and alternative (acidic) pathways. The classic pathway is initiated by CYP7A1/Cyp7a1, converting cholesterol to 7α-hydroxycholesterol, while the alternative pathway starts with hydroxylation of the cholesterol side chain, producing an oxysterol. In addition to originating from the liver, BAs are reported to be synthesized in the brain. We aimed at determining if the placenta potentially represents an extrahepatic source of BAs. Therefore, the mRNAs coding for selected enzymes involved in the hepatic BA synthesis machinery were screened in human term and CD1 mouse late gestation placentas from healthy pregnancies. Additionally, data from murine placenta and brain tissue were compared to determine whether the BA synthetic machinery is comparable in these organs. We found that CYP7A1, CYP46A1, and BAAT mRNAs are lacking in the human placenta, while corresponding homologs were detected in the murine placenta. Conversely, Cyp8b1 and Hsd17b1 mRNAs were undetected in the murine placenta, but these enzymes were found in the human placenta. CYP39A1/Cyp39a1 and cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H/Ch25h) mRNA expression were detected in the placentas of both species. When comparing murine placentas and brains, Cyp8b1 and Hsd17b1 mRNAs were only detected in the brain. We conclude that BA synthesis-related genes are placentally expressed in a species-specific manner. The potential placentally synthesized BAs could serve as endocrine and autocrine stimuli, which may play a role in fetoplacental growth and adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Ontsouka
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (E.O.); (M.S.)
| | - Mariana Schroeder
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (E.O.); (M.S.)
| | - Linda Ok
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Armand Frappier et Regroupement Intersectoriel de Recherche en Santé de l’Université du Quebec (RISUQ), 532 des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V1B7, Canada; (L.O.); (C.V.)
| | - Cathy Vaillancourt
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Armand Frappier et Regroupement Intersectoriel de Recherche en Santé de l’Université du Quebec (RISUQ), 532 des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V1B7, Canada; (L.O.); (C.V.)
| | - Deborah Stroka
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, 3002 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Christiane Albrecht
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (E.O.); (M.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hasan MN, Chen J, Wang H, Du Y, Clayton YD, Gu L, Li T. Glycine-β-Muricholic Acid Improves Liver Fibrosis and Gut Barrier Function by Reducing Bile Acid Pool Size and Hydrophobicity in Male Cyp2c70 Knockout Mice. Cells 2023; 12:1371. [PMID: 37408204 PMCID: PMC10216635 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyp2c70 knockout mice lack the enzyme that produces muricholic acids and show a "human-like" hydrophobic bile acid pool-induced hepatobiliary injury. In this study, we investigated the potential anti-cholestasis effect of glycine-conjugated β muricholic acid (G-β-MCA) in male Cyp2c70 KO mice based on its hydrophilic physiochemical property and signaling property as an farnesoid X receptor (FXR) antagonist. Our results showed that G-β-MCA treatment for 5 weeks alleviated ductular reaction and liver fibrosis and improved gut barrier function. Analysis of bile acid metabolism suggested that exogenously administered G-β-MCA was poorly absorbed in the small intestine and mostly deconjugated in the large intestine and converted to taurine-conjugated MCA (T-MCA) in the liver, leading to T-MCA enrichment in the bile and small intestine. These changes decreased the biliary and intestine bile acid hydrophobicity index. Furthermore, G-β-MCA treatment decreased intestine bile acid absorption via unknown mechanisms, resulting in increased fecal bile acid excretion and a reduction in total bile acid pool size. In conclusion, G-β-MCA treatment reduces the bile acid pool size and hydrophobicity and improves liver fibrosis and gut barrier function in Cyp2c70 KO mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nazmul Hasan
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Jianglei Chen
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Huaiwen Wang
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Cytometry Research, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Yanhong Du
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Yung Dai Clayton
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Lijie Gu
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Tiangang Li
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Penning TM. Steroid 5β-reductase (AKR1D1): Purification and characterization. Methods Enzymol 2023; 689:277-301. [PMID: 37802574 PMCID: PMC10655862 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2023.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
In mammals there are two 3-oxo-4-ene steroid reductases that generate either A/B-trans or A/B cis-ring junctions in the steroid nucleus known as steroid 5α- and 5β- reductases, respectively. There is only one steroid 5β- reductase in each species and these are members of the aldo-keto-reductase (AKR) protein superfamily. The corresponding human enzyme is AKR1D1, and it plays an essential role in bile-acid biosynthesis. Germline mutations in AKR1D1 give rise to bile-acid deficiency. Because of its central role in steroid metabolism and need for detailed structure-function studies there is a need to purify the enzyme to homogeneity and in high yield. We report the purification of milligram amounts of crystallographic quality homogeneous recombinant protein for structure-function studies and its characterization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor M Penning
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cheng F, Dennis AB, Osuoha JI, Canitz J, Kirschbaum F, Tiedemann R. A new genome assembly of an African weakly electric fish (Campylomormyrus compressirostris, Mormyridae) indicates rapid gene family evolution in Osteoglossomorpha. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:129. [PMID: 36941548 PMCID: PMC10029256 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09196-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teleost fishes comprise more than half of the vertebrate species. Within teleosts, most phylogenies consider the split between Osteoglossomorpha and Euteleosteomorpha/Otomorpha as basal, preceded only by the derivation of the most primitive group of teleosts, the Elopomorpha. While Osteoglossomorpha are generally species poor, the taxon contains the African weakly electric fish (Mormyroidei), which have radiated into numerous species. Within the mormyrids, the genus Campylomormyrus is mostly endemic to the Congo Basin. Campylomormyrus serves as a model to understand mechanisms of adaptive radiation and ecological speciation, especially with regard to its highly diverse species-specific electric organ discharges (EOD). Currently, there are few well-annotated genomes available for electric fish in general and mormyrids in particular. Our study aims at producing a high-quality genome assembly and to use this to examine genome evolution in relation to other teleosts. This will facilitate further understanding of the evolution of the osteoglossomorpha fish in general and of electric fish in particular. RESULTS A high-quality weakly electric fish (C. compressirostris) genome was produced from a single individual with a genome size of 862 Mb, consisting of 1,497 contigs with an N50 of 1,399 kb and a GC-content of 43.69%. Gene predictions identified 34,492 protein-coding genes, which is a higher number than in the two other available Osteoglossomorpha genomes of Paramormyrops kingsleyae and Scleropages formosus. A Computational Analysis of gene Family Evolution (CAFE5) comparing 33 teleost fish genomes suggests an overall faster gene family turnover rate in Osteoglossomorpha than in Otomorpha and Euteleosteomorpha. Moreover, the ratios of expanded/contracted gene family numbers in Osteoglossomorpha are significantly higher than in the other two taxa, except for species that had undergone an additional genome duplication (Cyprinus carpio and Oncorhynchus mykiss). As potassium channel proteins are hypothesized to play a key role in EOD diversity among species, we put a special focus on them, and manually curated 16 Kv1 genes. We identified a tandem duplication in the KCNA7a gene in the genome of C. compressirostris. CONCLUSIONS We present the fourth genome of an electric fish and the third well-annotated genome for Osteoglossomorpha, enabling us to compare gene family evolution among major teleost lineages. Osteoglossomorpha appear to exhibit rapid gene family evolution, with more gene family expansions than contractions. The curated Kv1 gene family showed seven gene clusters, which is more than in other analyzed fish genomes outside Osteoglossomorpha. The KCNA7a, encoding for a potassium channel central for EOD production and modulation, is tandemly duplicated which may related to the diverse EOD observed among Campylomormyrus species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Cheng
- Unit of Evolutionary Biology and Systematic Zoology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Alice B Dennis
- Unit of Evolutionary Biology and Systematic Zoology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Laboratory of Adaptive Evolution and Genomics, Research Unit of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Life, Earth & Environnment, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Josephine Ijeoma Osuoha
- Unit of Evolutionary Biology and Systematic Zoology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Julia Canitz
- Senckenberg German Entomological Institute, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Frank Kirschbaum
- Unit of Evolutionary Biology and Systematic Zoology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Crop and Animal Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralph Tiedemann
- Unit of Evolutionary Biology and Systematic Zoology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bile acids and their receptors in regulation of gut health and diseases. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 89:101210. [PMID: 36577494 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that bile acids play important roles in lipid metabolism. In recent decades, bile acids have also been shown to function as signaling molecules via interacting with various receptors. Bile acids circulate continuously through the enterohepatic circulation and go through microbial transformation by gut microbes, and thus bile acids metabolism has profound effects on the liver and intestinal tissues as well as the gut microbiota. Farnesoid X receptor and G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 are two pivotal bile acid receptors that highly expressed in the intestinal tissues, and they have emerged as pivotal regulators in bile acids metabolism, innate immunity and inflammatory responses. There is considerable interest in manipulating the metabolism of bile acids and the expression of bile acid receptors as this may be a promising strategy to regulate intestinal health and disease. This review aims to summarize the roles of bile acids and their receptors in regulation of gut health and diseases.
Collapse
|
19
|
Lynch LE, Hair AB, Soni KG, Yang H, Gollins LA, Narvaez-Rivas M, Setchell KDR, Preidis GA. Cholestasis impairs gut microbiota development and bile salt hydrolase activity in preterm neonates. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2183690. [PMID: 36843227 PMCID: PMC9980517 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2183690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholestasis refers to impaired bile flow from the liver to the intestine. In neonates, cholestasis causes poor growth and may progress to liver failure and death. Normal bile flow requires an intact liver-gut-microbiome axis, whereby liver-derived primary bile acids are transformed into secondary bile acids. Microbial bile salt hydrolase (BSH) enzymes are responsible for the first step, deconjugating glycine- and taurine-conjugated primary bile acids. Cholestatic neonates often are treated with the potent choleretic bile acid ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), although interactions between UDCA, gut microbes, and other bile acids are poorly understood. To gain insight into how the liver-gut-microbiome axis develops in extreme prematurity and how cholestasis alters this maturation, we conducted a nested case-control study collecting 124 stool samples longitudinally from 24 preterm infants born at mean 27.2 ± 1.8 weeks gestation and 946 ± 249.6 g, half of whom developed physiologic cholestasis. Samples were analyzed by whole metagenomic sequencing, in vitro BSH enzyme activity assays optimized for low biomass fecal samples, and quantitative mass spectrometry to measure the bile acid metabolome. In extremely preterm neonates, acquisition of the secondary bile acid biosynthesis pathway and BSH genes carried by Clostridium perfringens are the most prominent features of early microbiome development. Cholestasis interrupts this developmental pattern. BSH gene abundance and enzyme activity are profoundly reduced in cholestatic neonates, resulting in decreased quantities of unconjugated bile acids. UDCA restores total fecal bile acid levels in cholestatic neonates, but this is due to a 522-fold increase in fecal UDCA. A majority of bile acids in early development are atypical positional and stereo-isomers of bile acids. We report novel associations linking isomeric bile acids and BSH activity to neonatal growth trajectories. These data highlight deconjugation of bile acids as a key microbial function that is acquired in early neonatal development and impaired by cholestasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Lynch
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amy B. Hair
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA,CONTACT Amy B. Hair Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, 6621 Fannin Street, Suite A5590, Houston, TX77030, USA
| | - Krishnakant G. Soni
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Heeju Yang
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laura A. Gollins
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Monica Narvaez-Rivas
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kenneth D. R. Setchell
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Geoffrey A. Preidis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA,Geoffrey A. Preidis Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, 1102 Bates Avenue, Feigin Tower Suite 860, Houston, TX77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
MacCannell AD, Roberts LD. Metabokines in the regulation of systemic energy metabolism. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2022; 67:102286. [PMID: 36137304 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism consists of life-sustaining chemical reactions involving metabolites. Historically, metabolites were defined as the intermediates or end products of metabolism and considered to be passive participants changed by metabolic processes. However, recent research has redefined how we view metabolism. There is emerging evidence of metabolites which function to mediate cellular signalling and interorgan crosstalk, regulating local metabolism and systemic physiology. These bioactive metabolite signals have been termed metabokines. Metabokines regulate diverse energy metabolism pathways across multiple tissues, including fatty acid β-oxidation, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, lipolysis, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. There is increasing impetus to uncover novel metabokine signalling axes to better understand how these may be perturbed in metabolic diseases and determine their utility as therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Dv MacCannell
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Lee D Roberts
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ballout RA, Livinski A, Fu YP, Steiner RD, Remaley AT. Statins for Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022; 11:CD013521. [PMID: 36373961 PMCID: PMC9661876 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013521.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) is a multiple congenital malformations syndrome caused by defective cholesterol biosynthesis. Affected individuals show cholesterol deficiency and accumulation of various precursor molecules, mainly 7-dehydrocholesterol and 8-dehydrocholesterol. There is currently no cure for SLOS, with cholesterol supplementation being primarily a biochemical therapy of limited evidence. However, several anecdotal reports and preclinical studies have highlighted statins as a potential therapy for SLOS. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of statins, either alone or in combination with other non-statin therapies (e.g. cholesterol, bile acid, or vitamin co-supplementation), compared to cholesterol supplementation alone or in combination with other non-statin therapies (e.g. bile acid or vitamin supplementation) on several important outcomes including overall survival, neurobehavioral features, and adverse effects in individuals with SLOS. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, five other databases and three trials registers on 15 February 2022, together with reference checking, citation searching and contact with study authors to identify additional studies. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs with parallel or cross-over designs, and non-randomized studies of interventions (NRSIs) including non-randomized trials, cohort studies, and controlled before-and-after studies, were eligible for inclusion in this review if they met our prespecified inclusion criteria, i.e. involved human participants with biochemically or genetically diagnosed SLOS receiving statin therapy or cholesterol supplementation, or both. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors screened titles and abstracts and subsequently full-texts for all potentially-relevant references. Both authors independently extracted relevant data from included studies and assessed the risks of bias. We analyzed the data extracted from the included NRSIs and cohort studies separately from the data extracted from the single included RCT. We used a random-effects model to account for the inherent heterogeneity and methodological variation between these different study designs. We used GRADE to assess the certainty of evidence. MAIN RESULTS We included six studies (61 participants with SLOS); one RCT (N = 18), three prospective NRSIs (N = 20), and two retrospective NRSIs (N = 22). Five studies included only children, and two limited their participant inclusion by disease severity. Overall, there were nearly twice as many males as females. All six studies compared add-on statin therapy to cholesterol supplementation alone. However, the dosages, formulations, and durations of treatment were highly variable across studies. We judged the RCT as having a high risk of bias due to missing data and selective reporting. All included NRSIs had a serious or critical overall risk of bias assessed by the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions tool (ROBINS-I). None of the included studies evaluated survival or reported quality of life (QoL). Only the included RCT formally assessed changes in the neurobehavioral manifestations of SLOS, and we are uncertain whether statin therapy improves this outcome (very low-certainty evidence). We are also uncertain whether the adverse events reported in the RCT were statin-related (very low-certainty evidence). In contrast, the adverse events reported in the NRSIs seem to be possibly due to statin therapy (risk ratio 13.00, 95% confidence interval 1.85 to 91.49; P = 0.01; low-certainty evidence), with only one of the NRSIs retrospectively mentioning changes in the irritability of two of their participants. We are uncertain whether statins affect growth based on the RCT or NRSI results (very low-certainty evidence). The RCT showed that statins may make little or no difference to plasma biomarker levels (low-certainty evidence), while we are uncertain of their effects on such parameters in the NRSIs (very low-certainty evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Currently, there is no evidence on the potential effects of statin therapy in people with SLOS regarding survival or QoL, and very limited evidence on the effects on neurobehavioral manifestations. Likewise, current evidence is insufficient and of very low certainty regarding the effects of statins on growth parameters in children with SLOS and plasma or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of various disease biomarkers. Despite these limitations, current evidence seemingly suggests that statins may increase the risk of adverse reactions in individuals with SLOS receiving statins compared to those who are not. Given the insufficient evidence on potential benefits of statins in individuals with SLOS, and their potential for causing adverse reactions, anyone considering this therapy should take these findings into consideration. Future studies should address the highlighted gaps in evidence on the use of statins in individuals with SLOS by collecting prospective data on survival and performing serial standardized assessments of neurobehavioral features, QoL, anthropometric measures, and plasma and CSF biomarker levels after statin introduction. Future studies should also attempt to use consistent dosages, formulations and durations of cholesterol and statin therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rami A Ballout
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern (UTSW) Medical Center and Children's Health, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Alicia Livinski
- Division of Library Services, National Institutes of Health Library, Office of Research Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Fu
- Office of Biostatistics Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert D Steiner
- Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tabori H, Schneider J, Lüth S, Zagoya C, Barucha A, Lehmann T, Kauf E, Barth A, Mainz JG. Elevated Levels of Toxic Bile Acids in Serum of Cystic Fibrosis Patients with CFTR Mutations Causing Pancreatic Insufficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012436. [PMID: 36293293 PMCID: PMC9603931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatobiliary involvement is a hallmark in cystic fibrosis (CF), as the causative CF Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) defect is expressed in the biliary tree. However, bile acid (BA) compositions in regard to pancreatic insufficiency, which is present at an early stage in about 85% of CF patients, have not been satisfactorily understood. We assess the pattern of serum BAs in people with CF (pwCF) without CFTR modulator therapy in regard to pancreatic insufficiency and the CFTR genotype. In 47 pwCF, 10 free and 12 taurine- and glycine-conjugated BAs in serum were prospectively assessed. Findings were related to genotype, pancreatic insufficiency prevalence (PIP)-score, and hepatic involvement indicated by serum liver enzymes, as well as clinical and ultrasound criteria for CF-related liver disease. Serum concentrations of total primary BAs and free cholic acid (CA) were significantly higher in pwCF with higher PIP-scores (p = 0.025, p = 0.009, respectively). Higher total BAs were seen in pwCF with PIP-scores ≥0.88 (p = 0.033) and with pancreatic insufficiency (p = 0.034). Free CA was higher in patients with CF-related liver involvement without cirrhosis, compared to pwCF without liver disease (2.3-fold, p = 0.036). pwCF with severe CFTR genotypes, as assessed by the PIP-score, reveals more toxic BA compositions in serum. Subsequent studies assessing changes in BA homeostasis during new highly effective CFTR-modulating therapies are of high interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harold Tabori
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) University, Klinikum Westbrandenburg, 14770 Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
- Internal Medicine, Alexianer Hedwigshöhe Hospital, 12526 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jochen Schneider
- Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Jena University Hospital, 07740 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Lüth
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, 14770 Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Carlos Zagoya
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) University, Klinikum Westbrandenburg, 14770 Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
| | - Anton Barucha
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) University, Klinikum Westbrandenburg, 14770 Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
| | - Thomas Lehmann
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Eberhard Kauf
- Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Jena University Hospital, 07740 Jena, Germany
| | - Astrid Barth
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jochen G. Mainz
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) University, Klinikum Westbrandenburg, 14770 Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany
- Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Jena University Hospital, 07740 Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3381-411800; Fax: +49-3381-411809
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang L, Wang S, Zhang Q, He C, Fu C, Wei Q. The role of the gut microbiota in health and cardiovascular diseases. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:30. [PMID: 36219347 PMCID: PMC9554112 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00091-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is critical to human health, such as digesting nutrients, forming the intestinal epithelial barrier, regulating immune function, producing vitamins and hormones, and producing metabolites to interact with the host. Meanwhile, increasing evidence indicates that the gut microbiota has a strong correlation with the occurrence, progression and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In patients with CVDs and corresponding risk factors, the composition and ratio of gut microbiota have significant differences compared with their healthy counterparts. Therefore, gut microbiota dysbiosis, gut microbiota-generated metabolites, and the related signaling pathway may serve as explanations for some of the mechanisms about the occurrence and development of CVDs. Several studies have also demonstrated that many traditional and latest therapeutic treatments of CVDs are associated with the gut microbiota and its generated metabolites and related signaling pathways. Given that information, we summarized the latest advances in the current research regarding the effect of gut microbiota on health, the main cardiovascular risk factors, and CVDs, highlighted the roles and mechanisms of several metabolites, and introduced corresponding promising treatments for CVDs regarding the gut microbiota. Therefore, this review mainly focuses on exploring the role of gut microbiota related metabolites and their therapeutic potential in CVDs, which may eventually provide better solutions in the development of therapeutic treatment as well as the prevention of CVDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China ,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiqi Wang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China ,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China ,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengqi He
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China ,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenying Fu
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Aging and Geriatric Mechanism Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quan Wei
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China ,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hasson TS, Said E, Helal MG. Nifuroxazide modulates hepatic expression of LXRs/SR-BI/CES1/CYP7A1 and LDL-R and attenuates experimentally-induced hypercholesterolemia and the associated cardiovascular complications. Life Sci 2022; 306:120790. [PMID: 35817168 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a serious disorders affecting the metabolism of fats in the human body, and it is usually associated with some serious cardiovascular complications increasing the risk for sudden death. Nifuroxazide (NFR) is an oral nitrofuran antibiotic that has long been used for management of diarrhea and recently various recent out merging valuable therapeutic impacts were reported. The current study sought the concept of repositioning nifuroxazide in management of hyperlipidemia. Hyperlipidemia was induced in male rabbits using cholesterol enriched diet for 9 weeks and starting from the beginning of 5th week; NFR (100 and 300 mg/kg) were administered once daily for the further 5 weeks; till the end of the 9th week of the experiment. NFR significantly recovered balanced lipid profile as serum cholesterol, total glycerides, LDL significantly declined with significant elevation in serum HDL. Meanwhile, serum LDH, CK, ALT and AST activities were significantly corrected. These biochemical changes were correlated with significant improvement in the histopathological examination of hepatic, cardiac and aortic specimen with decreased expression of CD68 and Ki67 in the myocardium and the aorta implying retraction in macrophages' infiltration and tissue regeneration. Myocardial specimen confirmed significant recovery with preservation of cardiac muscle fibers. Aortic specimen confirmed retraction in the aortic thickness and fewer deposition of fat globules. In conclusion, NFR attenuated experimentally-induced hyperlipidemia with significant recovery of serum profile and tissue necrotic changes. The histopathological examination of hepatic, myocardial and aortic specimen confirmed the onset of tissues' recovery alongside biochemical improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Shaker Hasson
- Dep. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Eman Said
- Dep. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Faculty of Pharmacy, New Mansoura University, New Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Manar Gamal Helal
- Dep. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang HH, Portincasa P, Liu M, Wang DQH. Genetic Analysis of ABCB4 Mutations and Variants Related to the Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Low Phospholipid-Associated Cholelithiasis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1047. [PMID: 35741809 PMCID: PMC9222727 DOI: 10.3390/genes13061047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies have revealed that the ABCB4 gene encodes the phospholipid transporter on the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes, and its mutations and variants are the genetic basis of low phospholipid-associated cholelithiasis (LPAC), a rare type of gallstone disease caused by a single-gene mutation or variation. The main features of LPAC include a reduction or deficiency of phospholipids in bile, symptomatic cholelithiasis at <40 years of age, intrahepatic sludge and microlithiasis, mild chronic cholestasis, a high cholesterol/phospholipid ratio in bile, and recurrence of biliary symptoms after cholecystectomy. Needle-like cholesterol crystals, putatively “anhydrous” cholesterol crystallization at low phospholipid concentrations in model and native bile, are characterized in ABCB4 knockout mice, a unique animal model for LPAC. Gallbladder bile with only trace amounts of phospholipids in these mice is supersaturated with cholesterol, with lipid composition plotting in the left two-phase zone of the ternary phase diagram, consistent with “anhydrous” cholesterol crystallization. In this review, we summarize the molecular biology and physiological functions of ABCB4 and comprehensively discuss the latest advances in the genetic analysis of ABCB4 mutations and variations and their roles in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of LPAC in humans, based on the results from clinical studies and mouse experiments. To date, approximately 158 distinct LPAC-causing ABCB4 mutations and variants in humans have been reported in the literature, indicating that it is a monogenic risk factor for LPAC. The elucidation of the ABCB4 function in the liver, the identification of ABCB4 mutations and variants in LPAC patients, and the exploration of gene therapy for ABCB4 deficiency in animal models can help us to better understand the cellular, molecular, and genetic mechanisms underlying the onset of the disease, and will pave the way for early diagnosis and prevention of susceptible subjects and effective intervention for LPAC in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen H. Wang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA;
| | - David Q.-H. Wang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Li G, An T, Li Y, Yue J, Huang R, Huang J, Liang J, Yao W, Huang L, Chen Y, Zhang R, Ji A, Duan L. Transcriptome Analysis and Identification of the Cholesterol Side Chain Cleavage Enzyme BbgCYP11A1 From Bufo bufo gargarizans. Front Genet 2022; 13:828877. [PMID: 35480310 PMCID: PMC9037069 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.828877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor are precious medicinal animals in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Bufadienolides as the major pharmacological components are generated from the venomous glands of B. bufo gargarizans. Bufadienolides are one type of cardiac aglycone with a six-member lactone ring and have properties of antitumor, cardiotonic, tonsillitis, and anti-inflammatory. The biosynthesis of bufadienolides is complex and unclear. This study explored the transcriptome of three different tissues (skin glands, venom glands, and muscles) of B. bufo gargarizans by high-throughput sequencing. According to the gene tissue–specific expression profile, 389 candidate genes were predicted possibly participating in the bufadienolides biosynthesis pathway. Then, BbgCYP11A1 was identified as a cholesterol side chain cleaving the enzyme in engineering yeast producing cholesterol. Furthermore, the catalytic activity of BbgCYP11A1 was studied with various redox partners. Interestingly, a plant NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) from Anemarrhena asphodeloides showed notably higher production than BbgAdx-2A-BbgAdR from B. bufo gargarizans. These results will provide certainly molecular research to reveal the bufadienolides biosynthesis pathway in B. bufo gargarizans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangli Li
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianyue An
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yanta, China
| | - Yu Li
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinyang Yue
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruoshi Huang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Huang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jincai Liang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liufang Huang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yidu Chen
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongrong Zhang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aijia Ji
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixin Duan
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Taylor RE, Bhattacharya A, Guo GL. Environmental Chemical Contribution to the Modulation of Bile Acid Homeostasis and Farnesoid X Receptor Signaling. Drug Metab Dispos 2022; 50:456-467. [PMID: 34759011 PMCID: PMC11022932 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining bile acid (BA) homeostasis is important and regulated by BA activated receptors and signaling pathways. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and its regulated target networks in both the liver and the intestines are critical in suppressing BA synthesis and promoting BA transport and enterohepatic circulation. In addition, FXR is critical in regulating lipid metabolism and reducing inflammation, processes critical in the development of cholestasis and fatty liver diseases. BAs are modulated by, but also control, gut microflora. Environmental chemical exposure could affect liver disease development. However, the effects and the mechanisms by which environmental chemicals interact with FXR to affect BA homeostasis are only emerging. In this minireview, our focus is to provide evidence from reports that determine the effects of environmental or therapeutic exposure on altering homeostasis and functions of BAs and FXR. Understanding these effects will help to determine liver disease pathogenesis and provide better prevention and treatment in the future. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Environmental chemical exposure significantly contributes to the development of cholestasis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The impact of exposures on bile acid (BA) signaling and Farnesoid X receptor-mediated gut-liver crosstalk is emerging. However, there is still a huge gap in understanding how these chemicals contribute to the dysregulation of BA homeostasis and how this dysregulation may promote NASH development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rulaiha E Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (R.E.T., A.B., G.L.G.); Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey (G.L.G.); Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey (G.L.G.); and VA New Jersey Health Care System, Veterans Administration Medical Center, East Orange, New Jersey (G.L.G.)
| | - Anisha Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (R.E.T., A.B., G.L.G.); Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey (G.L.G.); Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey (G.L.G.); and VA New Jersey Health Care System, Veterans Administration Medical Center, East Orange, New Jersey (G.L.G.)
| | - Grace L Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (R.E.T., A.B., G.L.G.); Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey (G.L.G.); Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey (G.L.G.); and VA New Jersey Health Care System, Veterans Administration Medical Center, East Orange, New Jersey (G.L.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhu QF, Wang YZ, An N, Hao JD, Mei PC, Bai YL, Hu YN, Bai PR, Feng YQ. Alternating Dual-Collision Energy Scanning Mass Spectrometry Approach: Discovery of Novel Microbial Bile-Acid Conjugates. Anal Chem 2022; 94:2655-2664. [PMID: 35085440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are a type of gut microbiota-host cometabolites with abundant structural diversity, and they play critical roles in maintaining host-microbiota homeostasis. In this study, we developed a new N-(4-aminomethylphenyl) pyridinium (AMPP) derivatization-assisted alternating dual-collision energy scanning mass spectrometry (AMPP-dual-CE MS) method for the profiling of BAs derived from host-gut microbiota cometabolism in mice. Using the proposed method, we discovered two new types of amino acid conjugations (alanine conjugation and proline conjugation) and acetyl conjugation with host BAs, for the first time, from mouse intestine contents and feces. Additionally, we also determined and identified nine new leucine- and phenylalanine-conjugated BAs. These findings broaden our knowledge of the composition of the BA pool and provide insight into the mechanism of host-gut microbiota cometabolism of BAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quan-Fei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.,School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yan-Zhen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Na An
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jun-Di Hao
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Mei
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ya-Li Bai
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yu-Ning Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Pei-Rong Bai
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.,Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.,School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hatton SL, Pandey MK. Fat and Protein Combat Triggers Immunological Weapons of Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems to Launch Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1089. [PMID: 35163013 PMCID: PMC8835271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second-most common neurodegenerative disease in the world, affecting up to 10 million people. This disease mainly happens due to the loss of dopaminergic neurons accountable for memory and motor function. Partial glucocerebrosidase enzyme deficiency and the resultant excess accumulation of glycosphingolipids and alpha-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation have been linked to predominant risk factors that lead to neurodegeneration and memory and motor defects in PD, with known and unknown causes. An increasing body of evidence uncovers the role of several other lipids and their association with α-syn aggregation, which activates the innate and adaptive immune system and sparks brain inflammation in PD. Here, we review the emerging role of a number of lipids, i.e., triglyceride (TG), diglycerides (DG), glycerophosphoethanolamines (GPE), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), sphingolipids, gangliosides, glycerophospholipids (GPL), and cholesterols, and their connection with α-syn aggregation as well as the induction of innate and adaptive immune reactions that trigger neuroinflammation in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shelby Loraine Hatton
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Human Genetics, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
| | - Manoj Kumar Pandey
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Human Genetics, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Colon cancer checks in when bile acids check out: the bile acid-nuclear receptor axis in colon cancer. Essays Biochem 2021; 65:1015-1024. [PMID: 34414429 PMCID: PMC8628182 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20210038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are a class of hepatically derived metabolite-hormones with prominent roles in nutrient absorption, metabolic and immune homeostasis in the intestine. BAs are ligands for multiple nuclear receptors (NRs), through which they confer transcriptional regulation on target genes that form an enterohepatic hormonal feedback loop to regulate BA synthesis and maintain lipid homeostasis. Endogenous BAs made by the host undergo significant biotransformation by the gut microbiota in the intestine, which diversifies the intestinal BA pool and facilitate host–microbiota cross-talk through BA-mediated signaling. BAs dysregulation contributes to development of metabolic diseases, pathological inflammation and colon cancer. This review provides a brief historic perspective of the study of NR-mediated BA signaling transduction, with a focus on recent advancements in understanding the active role the gut microbiome plays in reshaping intestinal BA landscape, and the implications of novel microbially derived BAs in modulating immune homeostasis and cancer development in the host. Targeting the BA–NR signaling axis for pharmacological intervention provides ample opportunities in the prevention and treatment of intestinal diseases.
Collapse
|
31
|
Xiao-Rong L, Ning M, Xi-Wang L, Shi-Hong L, Zhe Q, Li-Xia B, Ya-Jun Y, Jian-Yong L. Untargeted and Targeted Metabolomics Reveal the Underlying Mechanism of Aspirin Eugenol Ester Ameliorating Rat Hyperlipidemia via Inhibiting FXR to Induce CYP7A1. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:733789. [PMID: 34899293 PMCID: PMC8656224 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.733789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is an important lipid disorder and a risk factor for health. Aspirin eugenol ester (AEE) is a novel synthetic compound which is made up of two chemical structural units from aspirin and eugenol. Therapeutic effect of AEE on hyperlipidemia has been confirmed in animal model. But the action mechanism of AEE on hyperlipidemia is still poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of AEE on liver and feces metabolic profile through UPLC-Q-TOF/MS-based untargeted metabolomics in hyperlipidemia hamster induced with high fat diet (HFD), and the effects of AEE on the expression of genes and proteins related to cholesterol and bile acid (BA) in HFD-induced hyperlipidemia SD rat. The concentrations of 26 bile acids (BAs) in the liver from hyperlipidemia SD rat were also quantified with the application of BA targeted metabolomics. The results of untargeted metabolomics showed that the underlying mechanism of AEE on hyperlipidemia was mainly associated with amino acid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, energy metabolism, BA metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism. AEE induced the expression of the BA-synthetic enzymes cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) by the inhibition of BA nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in liver, which resulted in accelerating the conversion of cholesterol into bile acids and excrete in feces. The results of BA targeted metabolomics showed that AEE elevated the glycine-conjugated BA level and decreased the tauro-conjugated BA level. In conclusion, this study found that AEE decreased FXR and increased CYP7A1 in the liver, which might be the possible molecular mechanisms and targets of AEE for anti-hyperlipidemia therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xiao-Rong
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ma Ning
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Liu Xi-Wang
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li Shi-Hong
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qin Zhe
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bai Li-Xia
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yang Ya-Jun
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li Jian-Yong
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
de Mey S, Dufait I, De Ridder M. Radioresistance of Human Cancers: Clinical Implications of Genetic Expression Signatures. Front Oncol 2021; 11:761901. [PMID: 34778082 PMCID: PMC8579106 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.761901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although radiotherapy is given to more than 50% of cancer patients, little progress has been made in identifying optimal radiotherapy - drug combinations to improve treatment efficacy. Using molecular data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we extracted a total of 1016 cancer patients that received radiotherapy. The patients were diagnosed with head-and-neck (HNSC - 294 patients), cervical (CESC - 166 patients) and breast (BRCA - 549 patients) cancer. We analyzed mRNA expression patterns of 50 hallmark gene sets of the MSigDB collection, which we divided in eight categories based on a shared biological or functional process. Tumor samples were split into upregulated, neutral or downregulated mRNA expression for all gene sets using a gene set analysis (GSEA) pre-ranked analysis and assessed for their clinical relevance. We found a prognostic association between three of the eight gene set categories (Radiobiological, Metabolism and Proliferation) and overall survival in all three cancer types. Furthermore, multiple single associations were revealed in the other categories considered. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first report suggesting clinical relevance of molecular characterization based on hallmark gene sets to refine radiation strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sven de Mey
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Inès Dufait
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mark De Ridder
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wang MF, Zhao SS, Thapa DM, Song YL, Xiang Z. Metabolomics of Fuzi-Gancao in CCl 4 induced acute liver injury and its regulatory effect on bile acid profile in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:6888-6907. [PMID: 34790013 PMCID: PMC8567467 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i40.6888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fuzi (Radix aconiti lateralis)-Gancao (Radix glycyrrhizae) is one of the most classical drug pairs of traditional Chinese medicine. In clinical practice, decoctions containing Fuzi-Gancao (F-G) are often used in the treatment of liver diseases such as hepatitis and liver failure. AIM To investigate the metabolomics of F-G in CCl4 induced acute liver injury in rats and its regulatory effect on the bile acid profile. METHODS The pharmacodynamic effect of F-G on CCl4 induced acute liver injury in rats was evaluated, and an ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous determination of 92 metabolites from multiple pathways was established to explore the protective metabolic mechanism of F-G in serum on the liver. RESULTS Twenty-four differential metabolites were identified in serum samples. The primary bile acid biosynthetic metabolic pathway was the major common pathway in the model group and F-G group. Subsequently, a UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of 11 bile acids, including cholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, taurocholic acid, glycocholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, deoxycholic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid, taurocholic acid, and glycinic acid, was established to analyze the regulatory mechanism of F-G in serum. F-G decreased the contents of these 11 bile acids in serum in a dose-dependent manner compared with those in the model control group. CONCLUSION F-G could protect hepatocytes by promoting the binding of free bile acids to glycine and taurine, and reducing the accumulation of free bile acids in the liver. F-G could also regulate the compensatory degree of taurine, decreasing the content of taurine-conjugated bile acids to protect hepatocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mo-Fei Wang
- The Second Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Song-Song Zhao
- Department of Educational Administration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Dil Momin Thapa
- The Second Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yu-Ling Song
- The Second Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zheng Xiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Jia X, Xu W, Zhang L, Li X, Wang R, Wu S. Impact of Gut Microbiota and Microbiota-Related Metabolites on Hyperlipidemia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:634780. [PMID: 34490132 PMCID: PMC8417472 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.634780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia, defined as the presence of excess fat or lipids in the blood, has been considered as a high-risk factor and key indicator of many metabolic diseases. The gut microbiota has been reported playing a vital role in regulating host lipid metabolism. The pathogenic role of gut microbiota in the development of hyperlipidemia has been revealed through fecal microbiota transplantation experiment to germ-free mice. The effector mechanism of microbiota-related metabolites such as bile acids, lipopolysaccharide, and short-chain fatty acids in the regulation of hyperlipidemia has been partially unveiled. Moreover, studies on gut-microbiota-targeted hyperlipidemia interventions, including the use of prebiotics, probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and natural herbal medicines, also have shown their efficacy in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. In this review, we summarize the relationship between gut microbiota and hyperlipidemia, the impact of gut microbiota and microbiota-related metabolites on the development and progression of hyperlipidemia, and the potential therapeutic management of hyperlipidemia targeted at gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Jia
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Centre of Biomedical Research & Development, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Centre of Biomedical Research & Development, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Centre of Biomedical Research & Development, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ruirui Wang
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuisheng Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Centre of Biomedical Research & Development, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
|
36
|
Chung H, Park JW, Kim DH, Seo SH, Kim KA, Lee WS, Park JY. Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of Cholic Acid (MT921) after a Subcutaneous Injection in the Submental Area to Humans. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080830. [PMID: 34451926 PMCID: PMC8400465 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety/tolerability of MT921, an injectable cholic acid, after a single subcutaneous administration to healthy volunteers. A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, single dose-ascending phase 1 study enrolled 24 subjects who were assigned to three groups (60 mg, 120 mg, and 150 mg) of MT921. Blood samples were obtained for a 24-h period before and after injecting MT921 to the submental fat area. Plasma concentrations of cholic acid and deoxycholic acid were determined for pharmacokinetic analysis. Levels of free fatty acid, triglyceride, and total cholesterol were measured for pharmacodynamic analysis. Safety and tolerability were assessed until 21 days post-dose. While systemic exposure to cholic acid tended to increase as the MT921 dose increased, pharmacokinetic profiles of deoxycholic acid were similar among dose groups without showing significant changes. Pharmacodynamic profiles were comparable when measured at baseline and post-dose. The most frequent adverse events were injection site pain and edema. All adverse drug reactions resolved without treatment. MT921 appeared to be well-tolerated after an injection to the submental area at a dose up to 150 mg. Systemic exposure to cholic acid increased as the dose increased. Blood lipid profiles and deoxycholic acid levels were not affected by MT921 treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyewon Chung
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Korea;
| | - Jin-Woo Park
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul 02841, Korea; (J.-W.P.); (K.-A.K.)
- Department of Neurology, Anam Hospital, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Dai-Hyun Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (D.-H.K.); (S.-H.S.)
| | - Soo-Hong Seo
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (D.-H.K.); (S.-H.S.)
| | - Kyoung-Ah Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul 02841, Korea; (J.-W.P.); (K.-A.K.)
| | | | - Ji-Young Park
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul 02841, Korea; (J.-W.P.); (K.-A.K.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Integrated Analysis of lncRNA and mRNA in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Ningxiang Pig. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10080726. [PMID: 34439958 PMCID: PMC8389317 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary This study shows the transcription profiles and the functional network in lncRNA and mRNA in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of Ningxiang piglets in four stages of development (piglets, nursery pigs, early fattening, and late fattening). A total of 2872 novel lncRNAs have now been determined. A total of 10,084 DEmRNAs and 931 DElncRNAs were determined. Interestingly, most DEmRNAs were up-regulated in the piglet stage and, in contrast, DElncRNAs were up-regulated in the late fattening stage. A complicated interaction between mRNAs and lncRNAs was determined via STEM and WGCNA, demonstrating that lncRNAs are an essential regulatory component in mRNAs. Modules 2 and 5 shows a similar mode of transcriptions for both mRNA and lncRNA, which are mainly involved in steroid biosynthesis, glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, metabolic pathways, and glycerolipid metabolism. The transcription levels of mRNAs and lncRNAs for both modules were higher in the early and late fattening stage. This may be explained by the active fatty acids, sterols, steroids, and lipid-related metabolic activity in the subcutaneous adipose tissue during the early and late fattening stage. Abstract Ningxiang pigs, a Chinese bred pig known for its tender meat and high quality unsaturated fatty acids. This study discovers the transcription profiles and functional networks in long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Subcutaneous adipose tissue was collected from piglet, nursery pig, early fattening, and late fattening stage of Ningxiang piglets, and lncRNA and mRNA transcription of each stage was profiled. A total of 339,204,926 (piglet), 315,609,246 (nursery), 266,798,202 (early fattening), and 343,740,308 (late fattening) clean reads were generated, and 2872 novel lncRNAs were identified. Additionally, 10,084 differential mRNAs (DEmRNAs) and 931 differential lncRNAs were determined. Most DEmRNAs were up-regulated in the piglet stage, while they were down-regulated in late fattening stage. A complicated interaction between mRNAs and lncRNAs was identified via STEM and WGCNA, demonstrated that lncRNAs are a significant regulatory component in mRNAs. The findings showed that modules 2 and 5 have a similar mode of transcription for both mRNA and lncRNA, and were mainly participated in steroid biosynthesis, glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, metabolic pathways, and glycerolipid metabolism. The mRNAs and lncRNAs transcription levels of both modules was higher in the early and late fattening stage, which may be due to the active activity of the metabolism in relation to fatty acids, sterols, steroids, and lipids in the subcutaneous adipose tissue during the early and late fattening stage. These findings could be expected to result in further research of the functional properties of lncRNA from subcutaneous adipose tissue at different stages of development in Ningxiang pigs.
Collapse
|
38
|
Impact on Bile Acid Concentrations by Alveolar Echinococcosis and Treatment with Albendazole in Mice. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11070442. [PMID: 34357336 PMCID: PMC8307106 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11070442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) caused by Echinococcus multilocularis is a chronic, progressive liver disease widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. The main treatment options include surgical interventions and chemotherapy with benzimidazole albendazole (ABZ). To improve the current diagnosis and therapy of AE, further investigations into parasite-host interactions are needed. This study used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to assess serum and liver tissue bile acid profiles in the i.p. chronic E. multilocularis-infected mouse model and evaluated the effects of the anthelmintic drug ABZ. Additionally, hepatic mRNA and protein expression of enzymes and transporters regulating bile acid concentrations were analyzed. AE significantly decreased unconjugated bile acids in serum and liver tissue. Taurine-conjugated bile salts were unchanged or increased in the serum and unchanged or decreased in the liver. Ratios of unconjugated to taurine-conjugated metabolites are proposed as useful serum markers of AE. The expression of the bile acid synthesis enzymes cytochrome P450 (CYP) 7A1 and aldo-keto reductase (AKR) 1D1 tended to decrease or were decreased in mice with AE, along with decreased expression of the bile acid transporters Na+/taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) and bile salt efflux pump (BSEP). Importantly, treatment with ABZ partially or completely reversed the effects induced by E. multilocularis infection. ABZ itself had no effect on the bile acid profiles and the expression of relevant enzymes and transporters. Further research is needed to uncover the exact mechanism of the AE-induced changes in bile acid homeostasis and to test whether serum bile acids and ratios thereof can serve as biomarkers of AE and for monitoring therapeutic efficacy.
Collapse
|
39
|
Guo N, Wang P, Yang J, Yang X, van der Voet M, Wildwater M, Wei J, Tang X, Wang M, Yang H. Serum Metabolomic Analysis of Coronary Heart Disease Patients with Stable Angina Pectoris Subtyped by Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnostics Reveals Biomarkers Relevant to Personalized Treatments. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:664320. [PMID: 34194326 PMCID: PMC8236985 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.664320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve the treatment of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), personalized treatments based on potential biomarkers could make a difference. To investigate if such potential biomarkers could be found for CHD inhomogeneous, we combined traditional Chinese medicine based diagnosis with untargeted and targeted metabolomics analyses. Shi and Xu patient subtype groups of CHD with angina pectoris were identified. Different metabolites including lipids, fatty acids and amino acids were further analyzed with targeted metabolomics and mapped to disease-related pathways. The long-chain unsaturated lipids ceramides metabolism, bile acid metabolism were differentially affected in the Xu subtype groups. While, Shi-subtype patients seemed to show inflammation, anomalous levels of bioactive phospholipids and antioxidant molecules. Furthermore, variations in the endothelial damage response and energy metabolism found based on ELISA analysis are the key divergence points between different CHD subtypes. The results showed Xu subtype patients might benefit from long-chain unsaturated lipids ceramides as therapeutic targets. Shi subtype patients might benefit more from levels of polyunsaturated fatty acid consumption and treatments that help in restoring energy balance. Metabolic differences can be essential for treatment protocols. Thus, patient group specific differences can serve as important information to refine current treatment approaches in a personalized manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Guo
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Center for Post-doctoral Research, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peili Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaying Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaofang Yang
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Junying Wei
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Tang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mei Wang
- LU-European Center for Chinese Medicine and Natural Compounds, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Harrison SP, Baumgarten SF, Verma R, Lunov O, Dejneka A, Sullivan GJ. Liver Organoids: Recent Developments, Limitations and Potential. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:574047. [PMID: 34026769 PMCID: PMC8131532 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.574047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cell types derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) share the potential to investigate development, toxicity, as well as genetic and infectious disease in ways currently limited by the availability of primary tissue. With the added advantage of patient specificity, which can play a role in all of these areas. Many iPSC differentiation protocols focus on 3 dimensional (3D) or organotypic differentiation, as these offer the advantage of more closely mimicking in vivo systems including; the formation of tissue like architecture and interactions/crosstalk between different cell types. Ultimately such models have the potential to be used clinically and either with or more aptly, in place of animal models. Along with the development of organotypic and micro-tissue models, there will be a need to co-develop imaging technologies to enable their visualization. A variety of liver models termed "organoids" have been reported in the literature ranging from simple spheres or cysts of a single cell type, usually hepatocytes, to those containing multiple cell types combined during the differentiation process such as hepatic stellate cells, endothelial cells, and mesenchymal cells, often leading to an improved hepatic phenotype. These allow specific functions or readouts to be examined such as drug metabolism, protein secretion or an improved phenotype, but because of their relative simplicity they lack the flexibility and general applicability of ex vivo tissue culture. In the liver field these are more often constructed rather than developed together organotypically as seen in other organoid models such as brain, kidney, lung and intestine. Having access to organotypic liver like surrogates containing multiple cell types with in vivo like interactions/architecture, would provide vastly improved models for disease, toxicity and drug development, combining disciplines such as microfluidic chip technology with organoids and ultimately paving the way to new therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean Philip Harrison
- Hybrid Technology Hub–Center of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Saphira Felicitas Baumgarten
- Hybrid Technology Hub–Center of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rajneesh Verma
- Hybrid Technology Hub–Center of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oleg Lunov
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Alexandr Dejneka
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Gareth John Sullivan
- Hybrid Technology Hub–Center of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Varma VR, Wang Y, An Y, Varma S, Bilgel M, Doshi J, Legido-Quigley C, Delgado JC, Oommen AM, Roberts JA, Wong DF, Davatzikos C, Resnick SM, Troncoso JC, Pletnikova O, O’Brien R, Hak E, Baak BN, Pfeiffer R, Baloni P, Mohmoudiandehkordi S, Nho K, Kaddurah-Daouk R, Bennett DA, Gadalla SM, Thambisetty M. Bile acid synthesis, modulation, and dementia: A metabolomic, transcriptomic, and pharmacoepidemiologic study. PLoS Med 2021; 18:e1003615. [PMID: 34043628 PMCID: PMC8158920 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While Alzheimer disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) may be accelerated by hypercholesterolemia, the mechanisms underlying this association are unclear. We tested whether dysregulation of cholesterol catabolism, through its conversion to primary bile acids (BAs), was associated with dementia pathogenesis. METHODS AND FINDINGS We used a 3-step study design to examine the role of the primary BAs, cholic acid (CA), and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) as well as their principal biosynthetic precursor, 7α-hydroxycholesterol (7α-OHC), in dementia. In Step 1, we tested whether serum markers of cholesterol catabolism were associated with brain amyloid accumulation, white matter lesions (WMLs), and brain atrophy. In Step 2, we tested whether exposure to bile acid sequestrants (BAS) was associated with risk of dementia. In Step 3, we examined plausible mechanisms underlying these findings by testing whether brain levels of primary BAs and gene expression of their principal receptors are altered in AD. Step 1: We assayed serum concentrations CA, CDCA, and 7α-OHC and used linear regression and mixed effects models to test their associations with brain amyloid accumulation (N = 141), WMLs, and brain atrophy (N = 134) in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA). The BLSA is an ongoing, community-based cohort study that began in 1958. Participants in the BLSA neuroimaging sample were approximately 46% male with a mean age of 76 years; longitudinal analyses included an average of 2.5 follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) visits. We used the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) (N = 1,666) to validate longitudinal neuroimaging results in BLSA. ADNI is an ongoing, community-based cohort study that began in 2003. Participants were approximately 55% male with a mean age of 74 years; longitudinal analyses included an average of 5.2 follow-up MRI visits. Lower serum concentrations of 7α-OHC, CA, and CDCA were associated with higher brain amyloid deposition (p = 0.041), faster WML accumulation (p = 0.050), and faster brain atrophy mainly (false discovery rate [FDR] p = <0.001-0.013) in males in BLSA. In ADNI, we found a modest sex-specific effect indicating that lower serum concentrations of CA and CDCA were associated with faster brain atrophy (FDR p = 0.049) in males.Step 2: In the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) dataset, covering >4 million registrants from general practice clinics in the United Kingdom, we tested whether patients using BAS (BAS users; 3,208 with ≥2 prescriptions), which reduce circulating BAs and increase cholesterol catabolism, had altered dementia risk compared to those on non-statin lipid-modifying therapies (LMT users; 23,483 with ≥2 prescriptions). Patients in the study (BAS/LMT) were approximately 34%/38% male and with a mean age of 65/68 years; follow-up time was 4.7/5.7 years. We found that BAS use was not significantly associated with risk of all-cause dementia (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.72-1.46, p = 0.88) or its subtypes. We found a significant difference between the risk of VaD in males compared to females (p = 0.040) and a significant dose-response relationship between BAS use and risk of VaD (p-trend = 0.045) in males.Step 3: We assayed brain tissue concentrations of CA and CDCA comparing AD and control (CON) samples in the BLSA autopsy cohort (N = 29). Participants in the BLSA autopsy cohort (AD/CON) were approximately 50%/77% male with a mean age of 87/82 years. We analyzed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) data to compare brain BA receptor gene expression between AD and CON samples from the Religious Orders Study and Memory and Aging Project (ROSMAP) cohort (N = 46). ROSMAP is an ongoing, community-based cohort study that began in 1994. Participants (AD/CON) were approximately 56%/36% male with a mean age of 85/85 years. In BLSA, we found that CA and CDCA were detectable in postmortem brain tissue samples and were marginally higher in AD samples compared to CON. In ROSMAP, we found sex-specific differences in altered neuronal gene expression of BA receptors in AD. Study limitations include the small sample sizes in the BLSA cohort and likely inaccuracies in the clinical diagnosis of dementia subtypes in primary care settings. CONCLUSIONS We combined targeted metabolomics in serum and amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) and MRI of the brain with pharmacoepidemiologic analysis to implicate dysregulation of cholesterol catabolism in dementia pathogenesis. We observed that lower serum BA concentration mainly in males is associated with neuroimaging markers of dementia, and pharmacological lowering of BA levels may be associated with higher risk of VaD in males. We hypothesize that dysregulation of BA signaling pathways in the brain may represent a plausible biologic mechanism underlying these results. Together, our observations suggest a novel mechanism relating abnormalities in cholesterol catabolism to risk of dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay R. Varma
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Youjin Wang
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yang An
- Brain Aging and Behavior Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sudhir Varma
- HiThru Analytics, Laurel, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Murat Bilgel
- Brain Aging and Behavior Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jimit Doshi
- Section for Biomedical Image Analysis, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | - João C. Delgado
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Anup M. Oommen
- Glycoscience Group, NCBES National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jackson A. Roberts
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dean F. Wong
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Section for Biomedical Image Analysis, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Susan M. Resnick
- Brain Aging and Behavior Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Juan C. Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Olga Pletnikova
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Richard O’Brien
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Eelko Hak
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Brenda N. Baak
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ruth Pfeiffer
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Priyanka Baloni
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Siamak Mohmoudiandehkordi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences and the Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Rima Kaddurah-Daouk
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Shahinaz M. Gadalla
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Madhav Thambisetty
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Natural Bioactive Compounds as Potential Browning Agents in White Adipose Tissue. Pharm Res 2021; 38:549-567. [PMID: 33783666 PMCID: PMC8082541 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03027-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The epidemic of overweight and obesity underlies many common metabolic diseases. Approaches aimed to reduce energy intake and/or stimulate energy expenditure represent potential strategies to control weight gain. Adipose tissue is a major energy balancing organ. It can be classified as white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). While WAT stores excess metabolic energy, BAT dissipates it as heat via adaptive thermogenesis. WAT also participates in thermogenesis by providing thermogenic fuels and by directly generating heat after browning. Browned WAT resembles BAT morphologically and metabolically and is classified as beige fat. Like BAT, beige fat can produce heat. Human adults have BAT-like or beige fat. Recruitment and activation of this fat type have the potential to increase energy expenditure, thereby countering against obesity and its metabolic complications. Given this, agents capable of inducing WAT browning have recently attracted broad attention from biomedical, nutritional and pharmaceutical societies. In this review, we summarize natural bioactive compounds that have been shown to promote beige adipocyte recruitment and activation in animals and cultured cells. We also discuss potential molecular mechanisms for each compound to induce adipose browning and metabolic benefits.
Collapse
|
43
|
Chung-Davidson YW, Bussy U, Fissette SD, Scott AM, Li W. Bile acid production is life-stage and sex-dependent and affected by primer pheromones in the sea lamprey. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:jeb.229476. [PMID: 33758020 PMCID: PMC8181240 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.229476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pheromonal bile salts are important for sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus) to complete their life cycle. The synthesis and release of a releaser/primer pheromone 3-keto petromyzonol sulfate (3kPZS) by spermiating males have been well characterized. 3kPZS evokes sexual behaviors in ovulatory females, induces immediate 3kPZS release in spermiating males, and elicits neuroendocrine responses in prespawning adults. Another primer pheromone released by spermiating males, 3-keto allocholic acid (3kACA), antagonizes the neuroendocrine effects of 3kPZS in prespermiating males. However, the effects of 3kACA and 3kPZS on pheromone production in prespawning adults is unclear. To understand the foundation of pheromone production, we examined sea lamprey bile salt levels at different life stages. To investigate the priming effects of 3kACA and 3kPZS, we exposed prespawning adults with vehicle or synthetic 3kACA or 3kPZS. We hypothesized that endogenous bile salt levels were life-stage and sex-dependent, and differentially affected by 3kACA and 3kPZS in prespawning adults. Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, we found that sea lampreys contained distinct mixtures of bile salts in the liver and plasma at different life stages. Males usually contained higher amounts of bile salts than females. Petromyzonamine disulfate was the most abundant C27 bile salt and petromyzonol sulfate was the most abundant C24 bile salt. Waterborne 3kACA and 3kPZS exerted differential effects on bile salt production in the liver and gill, their circulation and clearance in the plasma, and their release into water. We conclude that bile salt levels are life-stage and sex-dependent and differentially affected by primer pheromones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Chung-Davidson
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, Natural Resources Building, Rm. 13, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - Ugo Bussy
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, Natural Resources Building, Rm. 13, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - Skye D Fissette
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, Natural Resources Building, Rm. 13, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - Anne M Scott
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, Natural Resources Building, Rm. 13, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, Natural Resources Building, Rm. 13, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhang Q, Yang Y, Lu Y, Cao Z. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analyses the cycle chronic heat stress affecting liver proteome in yellow-feather chickens. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101111. [PMID: 33965807 PMCID: PMC8120948 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) is one of the main environmental factors affecting the efficiency of poultry production. The yellow-feather chickens (YFC) as an indigenous strain of chicken is a popular poultry breed in China. Our previous study used the RNA-seq to analyze the gene expression profiles of male YFC under HS and showed that the lipid and energy metabolism pathways are activated in livers of YFC exposed to acute HS (38°C, 4 h and 25°C recovery 2 h). In this study, we used quantitative proteome analysis based on iTRAQ to study the liver response of YFC to cycle chronic HS (38 ± 1°C, 8 h/d, 7 d, CyCHS). The male YFCs treatment used the CyCHS from 22 to 28 days of age. The liver tissue samples were collected at 28 d old. A total of 39,327 unique peptides matches were detected using iTRAQ analysis and 4,571 proteins exhibited a false discovery rate of 1% or less. Forty-six significant differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were detected in the CyCHS group compared with the control group for the liver samples, including up- and down-regulated DEPs were 18 and 28, respectively. We found that the enriched biological process terms of the DEPs expressed in the liver were related to DNA metabolic process, oxidation-reduction process, oxidative stress and gluconeogenesis. In KEGG pathway analysis. Most of the hepatic DEPs were annotated to glutathione metabolism and TCA cycle in response to CyCHS. The up-regulation of 5 DEPs (GPX1, GSTT1, GSTT1L, RRM2, and LOC100859645) in the glutathione metabolism pathway likely reflects an attempt to deal with oxidative damage by CyCHS. The down-regulation of 3 DEPs (Isocitrate dehydrogenase [IDH3A], IDH3B, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1) in the TCA cycle pathway contributes to the regulation mechanism of energy metabolism and probably to cope with the balance of heat production and dissipation during CyCHS in order to adapt to high temperature environments. Our results provide insights into the potential molecular mechanism in heat-induced oxidative stress and energy in YFCs and future studies will investigate the functional genes associated with the response to HS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.
| | - YuZe Yang
- Beijing General Station of Animal Husbandry, Beijing, China
| | - YongQiang Lu
- Beijing General Station of Animal Husbandry, Beijing, China
| | - ZiWen Cao
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Gunness P, Zhai H, Williams BA, Zhang D, Gidley MJ. Pectin and mango pulp both reduce plasma cholesterol in pigs but have different effects on triglycerides and bile acids. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
46
|
Li D, Ikaga R, Ogawa H, Yamazaki T. Different expressions of clock genes in fatty liver induced by high-sucrose and high-fat diets. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:762-778. [PMID: 33612041 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1889579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Sucrose consumption can cause obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is associated with the disruption of circadian rhythms. We compared the alterations in NAFLD circadian rhythms induced by a high-sucrose diet (HSD) with those induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in mice. After 8 weeks of feeding, the liver triglyceride level was increased by HSD feeding and by HFD feeding. In the liver of HSD-fed mice, the amplitude of Rorγ and the mesor (time series 24 h mean value based on the distribution of values across the cycle of the circadian rhythm) of Rorγ and Per2 were increased in comparison to those of control-diet fed mice. Compared with the HFD-fed mice, the HSD-fed mice showed increased circadian amplitude of variation in Rorγ, Per2, Cry1, and Cry2 and mesors of Rorγ, Per2, and Cry1 in the liver. Rorγ appeared to play critical roles in the entrainment of HSD into the liver circadian system, and the increased expressions of Crys and Per2 might disrupt circadian rhythms. Thus, disruption of circadian rhythms by HSD and HFD may accelerate the accumulation of liver lipid through different mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Li
- Department of Nutritional Science, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan.,The Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reina Ikaga
- Department of Nutritional Science, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruko Ogawa
- The Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, and Institute for Human Life Innovation, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Yamazaki
- Department of Nutritional Science, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Brandvold KR, Miller CJ, Volk RF, Killinger BJ, Whidbey C, Wright AT. Activity-Based Protein Profiling of Bile Salt Hydrolysis in the Human Gut Microbiome with Beta-Lactam or Acrylamide-Based Probes. Chembiochem 2021; 22:1448-1455. [PMID: 33314683 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Microbial bile salt hydrolases (BSHs) found in the intestine catalyze the deconjugation of taurine- and glycine-linked bile salts produced in the liver. The resulting bile salts are biological detergents and are critical in aiding lipophilic nutrient digestion. Therefore, the activity of BSHs in the gut microbiome is directly linked to human metabolism and overall health. Bile salt metabolism has also been associated with disease phenotypes such as liver and colorectal cancer. In order to reshape the gut microbiome to optimize bile salt metabolism, tools to characterize and quantify these processes must exist to enable a much-improved understanding of how metabolism goes awry in the face of disease, and how it can be improved through an altered lifestyle and environment. Furthermore, it is necessary to attribute metabolic activity to specific members and BSHs within the microbiome. To this end, we have developed activity-based probes with two different reactive groups to target bile salt hydrolases. These probes bind similarly to the authentic bile salt substrates, and we demonstrate enzyme labeling of active bile salt hydrolases by using purified protein, cell lysates, and in human stool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer R Brandvold
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Carson J Miller
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Regan F Volk
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Bryan J Killinger
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA.,The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA
| | - Christopher Whidbey
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Aaron T Wright
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA.,The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zhang Y, Li X, Xu D, Wu M, Dai Y, Xia M, Wang D. Cloning and characterization of steroid 5β-reductase from the venom gland of Bufo bufo gargarizans. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 175:67-78. [PMID: 33548318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Bufadienolides are the main active ingredients of Venenum Bufonis, which is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine secreted from parotoid gland and skin glands of Bufo bufo gargarizans. According to the transcriptome analysis, "cholesterol-bile acid-bufadienolidies pathway" was proposed as animal-derived bufadienolides biosynthesis pathway by us previously. In this pathway 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3βHSD) and steroid 5β-reductase (SRD5β) might be the key enzymes to convert the A/B ring to cis-configuration. Therefore, as the second report of our group, here we report the cloning of the full length of SRD5β cDNA of B. bufo gargarizans (Bbg-SRD5β) from the parotoid gland of B. bufo gargarizans for the first time, and site-directed mutagenesis was used to explored the character of Bbg-SRD5β. Bbg-SRD5β had an open reading frame of 981 bp and encoded 326 amino acids residues. The expression conditions of the recombinant Bbg-SRD5β in E. coli BL21 (DE3) harbored with pCold-Bbg-SRD5β was optimized as induction for 10 h at 15 °C with 0.1 mM IPTG. With NADPH as a cofactor, Bbg-SRD5β can reduce the Δ4,5 double bonds of progesterone to generate dihydroprogesterone õwithout substrate inhibition effect. The catalytic rate of mutant type Bbg-SRD5β-Y132G was 1.8 times higher than that of wild type Bbg-SRD5β. Although Bbg-SRD5β was almost unable to reduce the progesterone to dihydroprogesterone after mutation of V309, the affinity of enzyme with NADPH changed significantly. Bbg-SRD5β is the key enzymes to convert the A/B ring of steroid to cis-configuration, and V309 is a key site affecting the binding affinity of enzyme with NADPH, and the mutation of Y132 can adjust the catalytic rate of Bbg-SRD5β.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi 117004, China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi 117004, China
| | - Di Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi 117004, China
| | - Mengyun Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi 117004, China
| | - Yinghui Dai
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi 117004, China
| | - Mingyu Xia
- School of Life Science and Biological Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi 117004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lage NN, Carvalho MMDF, Guerra JFC, Lopes JMM, Pereira RR, Rabelo ACS, Arruda VM, Pereira MDFA, Layosa MA, Noratto GD, Lima WGD, Silva ME, Pedrosa ML. Jaboticaba ( Myrciaria cauliflora) Peel Supplementation Prevents Hepatic Steatosis Through Hypolipidemic Effects and Cholesterol Metabolism Modulation in Diet-Induced NAFLD Rat Model. J Med Food 2021; 24:968-977. [PMID: 33523759 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2020.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Jaboticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora), a Brazilian fruit, is a good source of dietary fiber and phenolic compounds, which are concentrated mainly in the peel. These compounds have been considered promising in prevention and treatment of hypercholesterolemia and hepatic steatosis. In this study, we investigated the effects of 4% jaboticaba peel powder (JPP) supplementation on cholesterol metabolism and hepatic steatosis in livers of rats fed a high-fat (HF) diet. The rats were fed a standard AIN-93M (control) diet or an HF diet containing 32% lard and 1% cholesterol, both with and without 4% JPP. The M. cauliflora peel composition revealed a low-lipid high-fiber content and phenolic compounds. The phenolic compounds in JPP, tentatively identified by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) analysis, were confirmed to contain phenolic acids, flavonoids, and anthocyanins. Moreover, JPP presented significant antioxidant activity in vitro and was not cytotoxic to HepG2 cells, as determined by the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. After 6 weeks of treatment, our results showed that JPP supplementation increased lipid excretion in feces, reduced serum levels of total cholesterol and nonhigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol, decreased serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, and attenuated hepatic steatosis severity in rats fed the HF diet. Furthermore, JPP treatment downregulated expression of ACAT-1, LXR-α, CYP7A1, and ABCG5 genes. Therefore, jaboticaba peel may represent a viable dietary strategy to prevent nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as the JPP treatment alleviated hepatic steatosis through improvement of serum lipid profiles and modulation of mRNA expression of genes involved in cholesterol metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nara Nunes Lage
- Research Center in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Renata Rebeca Pereira
- Research Center in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Vinícius Marques Arruda
- Undergraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Patos de Minas, Brazil
| | | | - Marjorie Anne Layosa
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Giuliana D Noratto
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Wanderson Geraldo de Lima
- Research Center in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.,Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Eustáquio Silva
- Research Center in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.,Department of Foods, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Maria Lúcia Pedrosa
- Research Center in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.,Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Manna LB, Williamson C. Nuclear receptors, gestational metabolism and maternal metabolic disorders. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 78:100941. [PMID: 33455843 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.100941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Normal pregnancy is characterised by a gradual alteration in metabolism that results in elevated serum bile acids, dyslipidaemia and impaired glucose tolerance in the third trimester. Nuclear receptors play important roles in regulating metabolic pathways that influence alterations in these parameters. There is evidence for altered function of FXR and LXR in gestation; these nuclear receptors play an integral role in bile acid and lipid homeostasis. There is some evidence for influence of clock genes in late pregnancy metabolic changes, and this may be linked to alterations in placental gene expression and function, thereby influencing fetal growth. This article will review the current data from human studies and investigation of animal models to illustrate the role of nuclear receptors (namely LXR, FXR, PPARs and clock genes) in gestational alterations in metabolism and the ways this may influence susceptibility to metabolic disorders of pregnancy such as gestational diabetes mellitus and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Borges Manna
- Division of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Williamson
- Division of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|