1
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Stephens RK, Miroshnikova YA. Nuclear periphery and its mechanical regulation in cell fate transitions. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2024; 87:102867. [PMID: 38889500 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2024.102867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Cell fate changes require rewiring of transcriptional programs to generate functionally specialized cell states. Reconfiguration of transcriptional networks requires overcoming epigenetic barriers imposed by silenced heterochromatin in order to activate lineage-specific genes. Further, cell fate decisions are made in a tissue-specific context, where cells are physically linked to each other as well as to the connective tissue environment. Here, cells are continuously exposed to a multitude of mechanical forces emanating from cellular dynamics in their local microenvironments, for example through cell movements, cell divisions, tissue contractions, or fluid flow. Through their ability to deform cellular structures and activate receptors, mechanical forces can be sensed at the plasma membrane, but also at the nuclear periphery through direct or cytoskeleton-mediated deformation of the nuclear envelope. This deformation and the associated signaling is capable of triggering changes in the mechanical state of the nuclear membranes, the organization and rigidity of the underlying nuclear lamina, compaction state of chromatin, and ultimately transcription. This review focuses on the role of nuclear architecture, particularly the nuclear lamina-chromatin interface, and its mechanical regulation in cell fate decisions as well as its physiological role in development and cellular reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K Stephens
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. https://twitter.com/BecKateStephens
| | - Yekaterina A Miroshnikova
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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2
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Escudeiro-Lopes S, Filimonenko VV, Jarolimová L, Hozák P. Lamin A/C and PI(4,5)P2-A Novel Complex in the Cell Nucleus. Cells 2024; 13:399. [PMID: 38474363 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Lamins, the nuclear intermediate filaments, are important regulators of nuclear structural integrity as well as nuclear functional processes such as DNA transcription, replication and repair, and epigenetic regulations. A portion of phosphorylated lamin A/C localizes to the nuclear interior in interphase, forming a lamin A/C pool with specific properties and distinct functions. Nucleoplasmic lamin A/C molecular functions are mainly dependent on its binding partners; therefore, revealing new interactions could give us new clues on the lamin A/C mechanism of action. In the present study, we show that lamin A/C interacts with nuclear phosphoinositides (PIPs), and with nuclear myosin I (NM1). Both NM1 and nuclear PIPs have been previously reported as important regulators of gene expression and DNA damage/repair. Furthermore, phosphorylated lamin A/C forms a complex with NM1 in a phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2)-dependent manner in the nuclear interior. Taken together, our study reveals a previously unidentified interaction between phosphorylated lamin A/C, NM1, and PI(4,5)P2 and suggests new possible ways of nucleoplasmic lamin A/C regulation, function, and importance for the formation of functional nuclear microdomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Escudeiro-Lopes
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vlada V Filimonenko
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Jarolimová
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hozák
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
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3
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Alagna NS, Thomas TI, Wilson KL, Reddy KL. Choreography of lamina-associated domains: structure meets dynamics. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:2806-2822. [PMID: 37953467 PMCID: PMC10858991 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Lamina-associated domains are large regions of heterochromatin positioned at the nuclear periphery. These domains have been implicated in gene repression, especially in the context of development. In mammals, LAD organization is dependent on nuclear lamins, inner nuclear membrane proteins, and chromatin state. In addition, chromatin readers and modifier proteins have been implicated in this organization, potentially serving as molecular tethers that interact with both nuclear envelope proteins and chromatin. More recent studies have focused on teasing apart the rules that govern dynamic LAD organization and how LAD organization, in turn, relates to gene regulation and overall 3D genome organization. This review highlights recent studies in mammalian cells uncovering factors that instruct the choreography of LAD organization, re-organization, and dynamics at the nuclear lamina, including LAD dynamics in interphase and through mitotic exit, when LAD organization is re-established, as well as intra-LAD subdomain variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S. Alagna
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Tiera I. Thomas
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Katherine L. Wilson
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Karen L. Reddy
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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4
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Buxboim A, Kronenberg-Tenga R, Salajkova S, Avidan N, Shahak H, Thurston A, Medalia O. Scaffold, mechanics and functions of nuclear lamins. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:2791-2805. [PMID: 37813648 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear lamins are type-V intermediate filaments that are involved in many nuclear processes. In mammals, A- and B-type lamins assemble into separate physical meshwork underneath the inner nuclear membrane, the nuclear lamina, with some residual fraction localized within the nucleoplasm. Lamins are the major part of the nucleoskeleton, providing mechanical strength and flexibility to protect the genome and allow nuclear deformability, while also contributing to gene regulation via interactions with chromatin. While lamins are the evolutionary ancestors of all intermediate filament family proteins, their ultimate filamentous assembly is markedly different from their cytoplasmic counterparts. Interestingly, hundreds of genetic mutations in the lamina proteins have been causally linked with a broad range of human pathologies, termed laminopathies. These include muscular, neurological and metabolic disorders, as well as premature aging diseases. Recent technological advances have contributed to resolving the filamentous structure of lamins and the corresponding lamina organization. In this review, we revisit the multiscale lamin organization and discuss its implications on nuclear mechanics and chromatin organization within lamina-associated domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amnon Buxboim
- The Rachel and Selim Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering and The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Sarka Salajkova
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nili Avidan
- The Rachel and Selim Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering and The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hen Shahak
- The Rachel and Selim Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering and The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alice Thurston
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ohad Medalia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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5
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Pande S, Ghosh DK. Nuclear proteostasis imbalance in laminopathy-associated premature aging diseases. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23116. [PMID: 37498235 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300878r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Laminopathies are a group of rare genetic disorders with heterogeneous clinical phenotypes such as premature aging, cardiomyopathy, lipodystrophy, muscular dystrophy, microcephaly, epilepsy, and so on. The cellular phenomena associated with laminopathy invariably show disruption of nucleoskeleton of lamina due to deregulated expression, localization, function, and interaction of mutant lamin proteins. Impaired spatial and temporal tethering of lamin proteins to the lamina or nucleoplasmic aggregation of lamins are the primary molecular events that can trigger nuclear proteotoxicity by modulating differential protein-protein interactions, sequestering quality control proteins, and initiating a cascade of abnormal post-translational modifications. Clearly, laminopathic cells exhibit moderate to high nuclear proteotoxicity, raising the question of whether an imbalance in nuclear proteostasis is involved in laminopathic diseases, particularly in diseases of early aging such as HGPS and laminopathy-associated premature aging. Here, we review nuclear proteostasis and its deregulation in the context of lamin proteins and laminopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Pande
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Debasish Kumar Ghosh
- Enteric Disease Division, Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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6
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Schibler AC, Jevtic P, Pegoraro G, Levy DL, Misteli T. Identification of epigenetic modulators as determinants of nuclear size and shape. eLife 2023; 12:e80653. [PMID: 37219077 PMCID: PMC10259489 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The shape and size of the human cell nucleus is highly variable among cell types and tissues. Changes in nuclear morphology are associated with disease, including cancer, as well as with premature and normal aging. Despite the very fundamental nature of nuclear morphology, the cellular factors that determine nuclear shape and size are not well understood. To identify regulators of nuclear architecture in a systematic and unbiased fashion, we performed a high-throughput imaging-based siRNA screen targeting 867 nuclear proteins including chromatin-associated proteins, epigenetic regulators, and nuclear envelope components. Using multiple morphometric parameters, and eliminating cell cycle effectors, we identified a set of novel determinants of nuclear size and shape. Interestingly, most identified factors altered nuclear morphology without affecting the levels of lamin proteins, which are known prominent regulators of nuclear shape. In contrast, a major group of nuclear shape regulators were modifiers of repressive heterochromatin. Biochemical and molecular analysis uncovered a direct physical interaction of histone H3 with lamin A mediated via combinatorial histone modifications. Furthermore, disease-causing lamin A mutations that result in disruption of nuclear shape inhibited lamin A-histone H3 interactions. Oncogenic histone H3.3 mutants defective for H3K27 methylation resulted in nuclear morphology abnormalities. Altogether, our results represent a systematic exploration of cellular factors involved in determining nuclear morphology and they identify the interaction of lamin A with histone H3 as an important contributor to nuclear morphology in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Predrag Jevtic
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of WyomingLaramieUnited States
| | - Gianluca Pegoraro
- High Throughput Imaging Facility (HiTIF), National Cancer Institute, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Daniel L Levy
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of WyomingLaramieUnited States
| | - Tom Misteli
- National Cancer InstituteBethesdaUnited States
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7
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Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in Human Diseases Caused by Mutations of LINC Complex-Associated Genes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Summary. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244065. [PMID: 36552829 PMCID: PMC9777268 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in genes encoding proteins associated with the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex within the nuclear envelope cause different diseases with varying phenotypes including skeletal muscle, cardiac, metabolic, or nervous system pathologies. There is some understanding of the structure of LINC complex-associated proteins and how they interact, but it is unclear how mutations in genes encoding them can cause the same disease, and different diseases with different phenotypes. Here, published mutations in LINC complex-associated proteins were systematically reviewed and analyzed to ascertain whether patterns exist between the genetic sequence variants and clinical phenotypes. This revealed LMNA is the only LINC complex-associated gene in which mutations commonly cause distinct conditions, and there are no clear genotype-phenotype correlations. Clusters of LMNA variants causing striated muscle disease are located in exons 1 and 6, and metabolic disease-associated LMNA variants are frequently found in the tail of lamin A/C. Additionally, exon 6 of the emerin gene, EMD, may be a mutation "hot-spot", and diseases related to SYNE1, encoding nesprin-1, are most often caused by nonsense type mutations. These results provide insight into the diverse roles of LINC-complex proteins in human disease and provide direction for future gene-targeted therapy development.
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8
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Jones ML, Dahl KN, Lele TP, Conway DE, Shenoy V, Ghosh S, Szczesny SE. The Elephant in the Cell: Nuclear Mechanics and Mechanobiology. J Biomech Eng 2022; 144:1135613. [PMID: 35147160 PMCID: PMC8990742 DOI: 10.1115/1.4053797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The 2021 Summer Biomechanics, Bioengineering, and Biotransport Conference (SB3C) featured a workshop titled "The Elephant in the Room: Nuclear Mechanics and Mechanobiology." The goal of this workshop was to provide a perspective from experts in the field on the current understanding of nuclear mechanics and its role in mechanobiology. This paper reviews the major themes and questions discussed during the workshop, including historical context on the initial methods of measuring the mechanical properties of the nucleus and classifying the primary structures dictating nuclear mechanics, physical plasticity of the nucleus, the emerging role of the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex in coupling the nucleus to the cytoplasm and driving the behavior of individual cells and multicellular assemblies, and the computational models currently in use to investigate the mechanisms of gene expression and cell signaling. Ongoing questions and controversies, along with promising future directions, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Jones
- Clinical Insights, Ltd, 60 Summer Duck Way, Pittsburgh, PA 15238
| | - Kris Noel Dahl
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Doherty Hall, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; Forensics Department, Thornton Tomasetti, 120 Broadway 15th Floor, New York City, NY 10271
| | - Tanmay P Lele
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 101 Bizzell Street, College Station, TX 77840; Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 101 Bizzell Street, College Station, TX 77840; Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 101 Bizzell Street, College Station, TX 77840
| | - Daniel E Conway
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, P.O. Box 843068, Richmond, VA 23284
| | - Vivek Shenoy
- Materials Science and Engineering Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Soham Ghosh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Medicine Institute, Colorado State University, 400 Isotope Drive, Fort Collins, CO 80521
| | - Spencer E Szczesny
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
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9
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Jéru I. Genetics of lipodystrophy syndromes. Presse Med 2021; 50:104074. [PMID: 34562561 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2021.104074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipodystrophic syndromes (LS) constitute a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by a loss of adipose tissue. These syndromes are usually associated with metabolic complications, which are determinant for morbidity and mortality. The classical forms of LS include partial, generalized, and progeroid lipodystrophies. They are usually due to defects in proteins playing a key role in adipogenesis and adipocyte functions. More recently, systemic disorders combining lipodystrophy and multiple organ dysfunction have been described, including autoinflammatory syndromes, mitochondrial disorders, as well as other complex entities. To date, more than thirty genes have been implicated in the monogenic forms of LS, but the majority of them remain genetically-unexplained. The associated pathophysiological mechanisms also remain to be clarified in many instances. Next generation sequencing-based approaches allow simultaneous testing of multiple genes and have become crucial to speed up the identification of new disease-causing genes. The challenge for geneticists is now the interpretation of the amount of available genetic data, generated especially by exome and whole-genome sequencing. International recommendations on the interpretation and classification of variants have been set up and are regularly reassessed. Very close collaboration between geneticists, clinicians, and researchers will be necessary to make rapid progress in understanding the molecular and cellular basis of these diseases, and to promote personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Jéru
- Laboratoire commun de Biologie et Génétique Moléculaires, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France; Sorbonne Université-Inserm UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris 75012, France.
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10
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Novel clinical features and pleiotropic effect in three unrelated patients with LMNA variant. Clin Dysmorphol 2021; 30:10-16. [PMID: 33038109 DOI: 10.1097/mcd.0000000000000355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
LMNA gene encodes A-type lamins and the encoded proteins join the structure of the nuclear lamina and affect the processes of nuclear homeostasis, DNA replication, repair, transcription, and apoptosis. LMNA variants cause a heterogeneous group of diseases known as laminopathies. Phenotypes associated with LMNA variants mainly affect the heart, skeleton, skin, bones, and nervous system. The affected tissues may vary depending on the site of the variant on the gene and the variation type. Complex phenotypes may also occur in some cases, in which findings of premature aging, cardiomyopathy, mandibuloacral dysplasia, lipodystrophy, renal involvement, metabolic involvement, and myopathy coexist. The pleiotropic effect of LMNA variants can result in heterogeneous phenotypes. In this study, we aimed to describe atypical phenotypic characteristics in a patient with familial partial lipodystrophy type 2 associated with LMNA variant, another with mandibuloacral dysplasia, and a third patient with a complex phenotype as well as discuss them in the context of their relationship with the genotype.
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11
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Rose KM. When in Need of an ESCRT: The Nature of Virus Assembly Sites Suggests Mechanistic Parallels between Nuclear Virus Egress and Retroviral Budding. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061138. [PMID: 34199191 PMCID: PMC8231873 DOI: 10.3390/v13061138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The proper assembly and dissemination of progeny virions is a fundamental step in virus replication. As a whole, viruses have evolved a myriad of strategies to exploit cellular compartments and mechanisms to ensure a successful round of infection. For enveloped viruses such as retroviruses and herpesviruses, acquisition and incorporation of cellular membrane is an essential process during the formation of infectious viral particles. To do this, these viruses have evolved to hijack the host Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport (ESCRT-I, -II, and -III) to coordinate the sculpting of cellular membrane at virus assembly and dissemination sites, in seemingly different, yet fundamentally similar ways. For instance, at the plasma membrane, ESCRT-I recruitment is essential for HIV-1 assembly and budding, while it is dispensable for the release of HSV-1. Further, HSV-1 was shown to recruit ESCRT-III for nuclear particle assembly and egress, a process not used by retroviruses during replication. Although the cooption of ESCRTs occurs in two separate subcellular compartments and at two distinct steps for these viral lifecycles, the role fulfilled by ESCRTs at these sites appears to be conserved. This review discusses recent findings that shed some light on the potential parallels between retroviral budding and nuclear egress and proposes a model where HSV-1 nuclear egress may occur through an ESCRT-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Rose
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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12
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Marcelot A, Petitalot A, Ropars V, Le Du MH, Samson C, Dubois S, Hoffmann G, Miron S, Cuniasse P, Marquez JA, Thai R, Theillet FX, Zinn-Justin S. Di-phosphorylated BAF shows altered structural dynamics and binding to DNA, but interacts with its nuclear envelope partners. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:3841-3855. [PMID: 33744941 PMCID: PMC8053085 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Barrier-to-autointegration factor (BAF), encoded by the BANF1 gene, is an abundant and ubiquitously expressed metazoan protein that has multiple functions during the cell cycle. Through its ability to cross-bridge two double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), it favours chromosome compaction, participates in post-mitotic nuclear envelope reassembly and is essential for the repair of large nuclear ruptures. BAF forms a ternary complex with the nuclear envelope proteins lamin A/C and emerin, and its interaction with lamin A/C is defective in patients with recessive accelerated aging syndromes. Phosphorylation of BAF by the vaccinia-related kinase 1 (VRK1) is a key regulator of BAF localization and function. Here, we demonstrate that VRK1 successively phosphorylates BAF on Ser4 and Thr3. The crystal structures of BAF before and after phosphorylation are extremely similar. However, in solution, the extensive flexibility of the N-terminal helix α1 and loop α1α2 in BAF is strongly reduced in di-phosphorylated BAF, due to interactions between the phosphorylated residues and the positively charged C-terminal helix α6. These regions are involved in DNA and lamin A/C binding. Consistently, phosphorylation causes a 5000-fold loss of affinity for dsDNA. However, it does not impair binding to lamin A/C Igfold domain and emerin nucleoplasmic region, which leaves open the question of the regulation of these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Marcelot
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Ambre Petitalot
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Virginie Ropars
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Le Du
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Camille Samson
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | | | - Guillaume Hoffmann
- High Throughput Crystallization Lab, EMBL Grenoble Outstation, Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Simona Miron
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Cuniasse
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Jose Antonio Marquez
- High Throughput Crystallization Lab, EMBL Grenoble Outstation, Grenoble Cedex, France
| | | | - François-Xavier Theillet
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Sophie Zinn-Justin
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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13
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Ahn J, Lee J, Jeong S, Kang SM, Park BJ, Ha NC. Beta-strand-mediated dimeric formation of the Ig-like domains of human lamin A/C and B1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 550:191-196. [PMID: 33706103 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Lamins are nuclear intermediate filament proteins that play an essential role in maintaining the nuclear structure by forming a 3-D meshwork. Lamins consist of the N-terminal unstructured head, the coiled-coil rod domain, and the C-terminal tail, which is mostly unstructured except for the Ig-like domain. To date, the Ig-like domain has been characterized as a monomeric structure. Here, we determined the crystal structures of human lamin A/C, including the Ig-like domain and its N- and C-terminal flanking sequences. Interestingly, the structures showed a homodimer formed by beta-strand interactions between the N- and C-terminal flanking sequences. This interaction also provides a molecular implication for the creation of a 3-D meshwork between the 3.5-nm-thick filaments. Furthermore, we determined the crystal structure of the corresponding region of lamin B1. The structure showed a similar dimeric assembly, also formed by beta-strand interactions, albeit the intersubunit distance was much shorter. Since the Ig-like domain contains many genetic hotspots causing lamin-related diseases in lamin A/C, our findings will help understand the detailed assembly of lamins in a 3-D meshwork structure and lamin-related diseases at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsook Ahn
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Centre for Food Safety and Toxicology, Centre for Food and Bioconvergence, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, CALS, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwook Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Centre for Food Safety and Toxicology, Centre for Food and Bioconvergence, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, CALS, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Jeong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Centre for Food Safety and Toxicology, Centre for Food and Bioconvergence, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, CALS, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Mi Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum-Joon Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Chul Ha
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Centre for Food Safety and Toxicology, Centre for Food and Bioconvergence, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, CALS, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Bishop J, Swan H, Valente F, Nützmann HW. The Plant Nuclear Envelope and Its Role in Gene Transcription. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:674209. [PMID: 33995467 PMCID: PMC8119737 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.674209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomes are dynamic entities in the eukaryotic nucleus. During cell development and in response to biotic and abiotic change, individual sections as well as entire chromosomes re-organise and reposition within the nuclear space. A focal point for these processes is the nuclear envelope (NE) providing both barrier and anchor for chromosomal movement. In plants, positioning of chromosome regions and individual genes at the nuclear envelope has been shown to be associated with distinct transcriptional patterns. Here, we will review recent findings on the interplay between transcriptional activity and gene positioning at the nuclear periphery (NP). We will discuss potential mechanisms of transcriptional regulation at the nuclear envelope and outline future perspectives in this research area.
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15
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Bizhanova A, Kaufman PD. Close to the edge: Heterochromatin at the nucleolar and nuclear peripheries. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2021; 1864:194666. [PMID: 33307247 PMCID: PMC7855492 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2020.194666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chromatin is a dynamic structure composed of DNA, RNA, and proteins, regulating storage and expression of the genetic material in the nucleus. Heterochromatin plays a crucial role in driving the three-dimensional arrangement of the interphase genome, and in preserving genome stability by maintaining a subset of the genome in a silent state. Spatial genome organization contributes to normal patterns of gene function and expression, and is therefore of broad interest. Mammalian heterochromatin, the focus of this review, mainly localizes at the nuclear periphery, forming Lamina-associated domains (LADs), and at the nucleolar periphery, forming Nucleolus-associated domains (NADs). Together, these regions comprise approximately one-half of mammalian genomes, and most but not all loci within these domains are stochastically placed at either of these two locations after exit from mitosis at each cell cycle. Excitement about the role of these heterochromatic domains in early development has recently been heightened by the discovery that LADs appear at some loci in the preimplantation mouse embryo prior to other chromosomal features like compartmental identity and topologically-associated domains (TADs). While LADs have been extensively studied and mapped during cellular differentiation and early embryonic development, NADs have been less thoroughly studied. Here, we summarize pioneering studies of NADs and LADs, more recent advances in our understanding of cis/trans-acting factors that mediate these localizations, and discuss the functional significance of these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizhan Bizhanova
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Paul D Kaufman
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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16
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Roychowdhury T, Chattopadhyay S. Chemical Decorations of "MARs" Residents in Orchestrating Eukaryotic Gene Regulation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:602994. [PMID: 33409278 PMCID: PMC7779526 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.602994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome organization plays a crucial role in gene regulation, orchestrating multiple cellular functions. A meshwork of proteins constituting a three-dimensional (3D) matrix helps in maintaining the genomic architecture. Sequences of DNA that are involved in tethering the chromatin to the matrix are called scaffold/matrix attachment regions (S/MARs), and the proteins that bind to these sequences and mediate tethering are termed S/MAR-binding proteins (S/MARBPs). The regulation of S/MARBPs is important for cellular functions and is altered under different conditions. Limited information is available presently to understand the structure–function relationship conclusively. Although all S/MARBPs bind to DNA, their context- and tissue-specific regulatory roles cannot be justified solely based on the available information on their structures. Conformational changes in a protein lead to changes in protein–protein interactions (PPIs) that essentially would regulate functional outcomes. A well-studied form of protein regulation is post-translational modification (PTM). It involves disulfide bond formation, cleavage of precursor proteins, and addition or removal of low-molecular-weight groups, leading to modifications like phosphorylation, methylation, SUMOylation, acetylation, PARylation, and ubiquitination. These chemical modifications lead to varied functional outcomes by mechanisms like modifying DNA–protein interactions and PPIs, altering protein function, stability, and crosstalk with other PTMs regulating subcellular localizations. S/MARBPs are reported to be regulated by PTMs, thereby contributing to gene regulation. In this review, we discuss the current understanding, scope, disease implications, and future perspectives of the diverse PTMs regulating functions of S/MARBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanaya Roychowdhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, India.,Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Samit Chattopadhyay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, India.,Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
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17
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Lamin A/C Mechanotransduction in Laminopathies. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051306. [PMID: 32456328 PMCID: PMC7291067 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanotransduction translates forces into biological responses and regulates cell functionalities. It is implicated in several diseases, including laminopathies which are pathologies associated with mutations in lamins and lamin-associated proteins. These pathologies affect muscle, adipose, bone, nerve, and skin cells and range from muscular dystrophies to accelerated aging. Although the exact mechanisms governing laminopathies and gene expression are still not clear, a strong correlation has been found between cell functionality and nuclear behavior. New theories base on the direct effect of external force on the genome, which is indeed sensitive to the force transduced by the nuclear lamina. Nuclear lamina performs two essential functions in mechanotransduction pathway modulating the nuclear stiffness and governing the chromatin remodeling. Indeed, A-type lamin mutation and deregulation has been found to affect the nuclear response, altering several downstream cellular processes such as mitosis, chromatin organization, DNA replication-transcription, and nuclear structural integrity. In this review, we summarize the recent findings on the molecular composition and architecture of the nuclear lamina, its role in healthy cells and disease regulation. We focus on A-type lamins since this protein family is the most involved in mechanotransduction and laminopathies.
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18
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Alena SK, Eva B, Aleš K, Emilie L. Spatiotemporal Mislocalization of Nuclear Membrane-Associated Proteins in γ-Irradiation-Induced Senescent Cells. Cells 2020; 9:E999. [PMID: 32316379 PMCID: PMC7227243 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence, induced by genotoxic or replication stress, is accompanied by defects in nuclear morphology and nuclear membrane-heterochromatin disruption. In this work, we analyzed cytological and molecular changes in the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex proteins in senescence triggered by γ-irradiation. We used human mammary carcinoma and osteosarcoma cell lines, both original and shRNA knockdown clones targeting lamin B receptor (LBR) and leading to LBR and lamin B (LB1) reduction. The expression status and integrity of LINC complex proteins (nesprin-1, SUN1, SUN2), lamin A/C, and emerin were analyzed by immunodetection using confocal microscopy and Western blot. The results show frequent mislocalization of these proteins from the nuclear membrane to cytoplasm and micronuclei and, in some cases, their fragmentation and amplification. The timing of these changes clearly preceded the onset of senescence. The LBR deficiency triggered neither senescence nor changes in the LINC protein distribution before irradiation. However, the cytological changes following irradiation were more pronounced in shRNA knockdown cells compared to original cell lines. We conclude that mislocalization of LINC complex proteins is a significant characteristic of cellular senescence phenotypes and may influence complex events at the nuclear membrane, including trafficking and heterochromatin attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svobodová Kovaříková Alena
- Laboratory of Molecular Cytology and Cytometry, Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.K.A.); (B.E.)
| | - Bártová Eva
- Laboratory of Molecular Cytology and Cytometry, Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.K.A.); (B.E.)
| | - Kovařík Aleš
- Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Lukášová Emilie
- Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Radiobiology and Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic
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19
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Abstract
At the nuclear periphery, associations of chromatin with the nuclear lamina through lamina-associated domains (LADs) aid functional organization of the genome. We review the organization of LADs and provide evidence of LAD heterogeneity from cell ensemble and single-cell data. LADs are typically repressive environments in the genome; nonetheless, we discuss findings of lamin interactions with regulatory elements of active genes, and the role lamins may play in genome regulation. We address the relationship between LADs and other genome organizers, and the involvement of LADs in laminopathies. The current data lay the basis for future studies on the significance of lamin-chromatin interactions in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolwenn Briand
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1112 Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Philippe Collas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1112 Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424, Oslo, Norway.
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20
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Vazquez BN, Thackray JK, Simonet NG, Chahar S, Kane-Goldsmith N, Newkirk SJ, Lee S, Xing J, Verzi MP, An W, Vaquero A, Tischfield JA, Serrano L. SIRT7 mediates L1 elements transcriptional repression and their association with the nuclear lamina. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:7870-7885. [PMID: 31226208 PMCID: PMC6735864 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long interspersed elements-1 (LINE-1, L1) are retrotransposons that hold the capacity of self-propagation in the genome with potential mutagenic outcomes. How somatic cells restrict L1 activity and how this process becomes dysfunctional during aging and in cancer cells is poorly understood. L1s are enriched at lamin-associated domains, heterochromatic regions of the nuclear periphery. Whether this association is necessary for their repression has been elusive. Here we show that the sirtuin family member SIRT7 participates in the epigenetic transcriptional repression of L1 genome-wide in both mouse and human cells. SIRT7 depletion leads to increased L1 expression and retrotransposition. Mechanistically, we identify a novel interplay between SIRT7 and Lamin A/C in L1 repression. Our results demonstrate that SIRT7-mediated H3K18 deacetylation regulates L1 expression and promotes L1 association with elements of the nuclear lamina. The failure of such activity might contribute to the observed genome instability and compromised viability in SIRT7 knockout mice. Overall, our results reveal a novel function of SIRT7 on chromatin organization by mediating the anchoring of L1 to the nuclear envelope, and a new functional link of the nuclear lamina with transcriptional repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta N Vazquez
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.,Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Badalona, Barcelona 08916, Spain
| | - Joshua K Thackray
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Nicolas G Simonet
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona 08908, Spain
| | - Sanjay Chahar
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.,Montpellier Institute of Molecular Genetics (IGMM), CNRS and the University of Montpellier, 34090, France
| | - Noriko Kane-Goldsmith
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Simon J Newkirk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Suman Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Jinchuan Xing
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Michael P Verzi
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Wenfeng An
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Alejandro Vaquero
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Badalona, Barcelona 08916, Spain.,Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona 08908, Spain
| | - Jay A Tischfield
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Lourdes Serrano
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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21
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Briand N, Collas P. Laminopathy-causing lamin A mutations reconfigure lamina-associated domains and local spatial chromatin conformation. Nucleus 2019. [PMID: 29517398 PMCID: PMC5973257 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2018.1449498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear lamina contributes to the regulation of gene expression and to chromatin organization. Mutations in A-type nuclear lamins cause laminopathies, some of which are associated with a loss of heterochromatin at the nuclear periphery. Until recently however, little if any information has been provided on where and how lamin A interacts with the genome and on how disease-causing lamin A mutations may rearrange genome conformation. Here, we review aspects of nuclear lamin association with the genome. We highlight recent evidence of reorganization of lamin A-chromatin interactions in cellular models of laminopathies, and implications on the 3-dimensional rearrangement of chromatin in these models, including patient cells. We discuss how a hot-spot lipodystrophic lamin A mutation alters chromatin conformation and epigenetic patterns at an anti-adipogenic locus, and conclude with remarks on links between lamin A, Polycomb and the pathophysiology of laminopathies. The recent findings presented here collectively argue towards a deregulation of large-scale and local spatial genome organization by a subset of lamin A mutations causing laminopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolwenn Briand
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Philippe Collas
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway.,b Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
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22
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Vigouroux C, Guénantin AC, Vatier C, Capel E, Le Dour C, Afonso P, Bidault G, Béréziat V, Lascols O, Capeau J, Briand N, Jéru I. Lipodystrophic syndromes due to LMNA mutations: recent developments on biomolecular aspects, pathophysiological hypotheses and therapeutic perspectives. Nucleus 2019; 9:235-248. [PMID: 29578370 PMCID: PMC5973242 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2018.1456217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in LMNA, encoding A-type lamins, are responsible for laminopathies including muscular dystrophies, lipodystrophies, and premature ageing syndromes. LMNA mutations have been shown to alter nuclear structure and stiffness, binding to partners at the nuclear envelope or within the nucleoplasm, gene expression and/or prelamin A maturation. LMNA-associated lipodystrophic features, combining generalized or partial fat atrophy and metabolic alterations associated with insulin resistance, could result from altered adipocyte differentiation or from altered fat structure. Recent studies shed some light on how pathogenic A-type lamin variants could trigger lipodystrophy, metabolic complications, and precocious cardiovascular events. Alterations in adipose tissue extracellular matrix and TGF-beta signaling could initiate metabolic inflexibility. Premature senescence of vascular cells could contribute to cardiovascular complications. In affected families, metabolic alterations occur at an earlier age across generations, which could result from epigenetic deregulation induced by LMNA mutations. Novel cellular models recapitulating adipogenic developmental pathways provide scalable tools for disease modeling and therapeutic screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Vigouroux
- a Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN) , Paris , France.,b Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Laboratoire Commun de Biologie et Génétique Moléculaires , Paris , France.,c Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Centre National de Référence des Pathologies Rares de l'Insulino-Sécrétion et de l'Insulino-Sensibilité (PRISIS), Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Endocrinologie de la Reproduction , Paris , France
| | - Anne-Claire Guénantin
- a Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN) , Paris , France.,d Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus , Hinxton , UK
| | - Camille Vatier
- a Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN) , Paris , France.,c Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Centre National de Référence des Pathologies Rares de l'Insulino-Sécrétion et de l'Insulino-Sensibilité (PRISIS), Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Endocrinologie de la Reproduction , Paris , France
| | - Emilie Capel
- a Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN) , Paris , France
| | - Caroline Le Dour
- a Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN) , Paris , France
| | - Pauline Afonso
- a Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN) , Paris , France
| | - Guillaume Bidault
- a Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN) , Paris , France.,e University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge CB2 0QQ , UK
| | - Véronique Béréziat
- a Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN) , Paris , France
| | - Olivier Lascols
- a Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN) , Paris , France.,b Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Laboratoire Commun de Biologie et Génétique Moléculaires , Paris , France
| | - Jacqueline Capeau
- a Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN) , Paris , France
| | - Nolwenn Briand
- a Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN) , Paris , France.,f Department of Molecular Medicine , Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo , Blindern , Oslo , Norway
| | - Isabelle Jéru
- a Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN) , Paris , France.,b Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Laboratoire Commun de Biologie et Génétique Moléculaires , Paris , France
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23
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Aramesh M, Stoycheva D, Raaz L, Klotzsch E. Engineering T-cell activation for immunotherapy by mechanical forces. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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24
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Guerreiro I, Kind J. Spatial chromatin organization and gene regulation at the nuclear lamina. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2019; 55:19-25. [PMID: 31112905 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear lamina (NL) consists of a thin meshwork of lamins and associated proteins that lines the inner nuclear membrane (INM). In metazoan nuclei, a large proportion of the genome contacts the NL in broad lamina-associated domains (LADs). Contacts of the NL with the genome are believed to aid the spatial organization of chromosomes and contribute to the regulation of transcription. Here, we will focus on recent insights in the structural organization of the genome at the NL and the role of this organization in the regulation of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Guerreiro
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jop Kind
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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25
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Hah J, Kim DH. Deciphering Nuclear Mechanobiology in Laminopathy. Cells 2019; 8:E231. [PMID: 30862117 PMCID: PMC6468464 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular mechanical stimuli are translated into biochemical signals inside the cell via mechanotransduction. The nucleus plays a critical role in mechanoregulation, which encompasses mechanosensing and mechanotransduction. The nuclear lamina underlying the inner nuclear membrane not only maintains the structural integrity, but also connects the cytoskeleton to the nuclear envelope. Lamin mutations, therefore, dysregulate the nuclear response, resulting in abnormal mechanoregulations, and ultimately, disease progression. Impaired mechanoregulations even induce malfunction in nuclear positioning, cell migration, mechanosensation, as well as differentiation. To know how to overcome laminopathies, we need to understand the mechanisms of laminopathies in a mechanobiological way. Recently, emerging studies have demonstrated the varying defects from lamin mutation in cellular homeostasis within mechanical surroundings. Therefore, this review summarizes recent findings highlighting the role of lamins, the architecture of nuclear lamina, and their disease relevance in the context of nuclear mechanobiology. We will also provide an overview of the differentiation of cellular mechanics in laminopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungwon Hah
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Dong-Hwee Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
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26
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Mio M, Sugiki T, Matsuda C, Mitsuhashi H, Kojima C, Chan SY, Hayashi YK, Mio K. Structural instability of lamin A tail domain modulates its assembly and higher order function in Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 512:22-28. [PMID: 30853177 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.02.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The C-terminal Ig-domain of lamin A plays critical roles in cell function via interaction with proteins, DNA, and chromatin. Mutations in this domain are known to cause various diseases including Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) and familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD). Here we examined the biophysical and biochemical properties of mutant Ig-domains identified in patients with EDMD and FPLD. EDMD-related mutant Ig-domain showed decreased stability to heat and denaturant. This result was also confirmed by experiments using full-length mutant lamin A, although the decrease in melting temperature was much less than that of the mutant Ig-domain alone. The unstable EDMD Ig-domain disrupted the proper assembly of lamin A, resulting in abnormal paracrystal formation and decreased viscosity. In contrast, FPLD-related mutant Ig-domains were thermally stable, although they lost DNA binding function. Alanine substitution experiments revealed a functional domain of DNA binding in the Ig-domain. Thus, the overall biophysical property of Ig-domains is closely associated with clinical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneyo Mio
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery and OPERANDO Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, 135-0064, Japan; Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Sugiki
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Chie Matsuda
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuhashi
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, School of Engineering, Tokai University, Kanagawa, 259-1207, Japan
| | - Chojiro Kojima
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Siu Yuen Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yukiko K Hayashi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Mio
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery and OPERANDO Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, 135-0064, Japan; Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
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27
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Han M, Zhao M, Cheng C, Huang Y, Han S, Li W, Tu X, Luo X, Yu X, Liu Y, Chen Q, Ren X, Wang QK, Ke T. Lamin A mutation impairs interaction with nucleoporin NUP155 and disrupts nucleocytoplasmic transport in atrial fibrillation. Hum Mutat 2018; 40:310-325. [PMID: 30488537 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. Here, we show the identification and functional characterization of one AF-associated mutation p.Arg399Cys in lamin A/C. Co-immunoprecipitation and GST pull-down assays demonstrate that lamin A/C interacts with NUP155, which is a nucleoporin and causes AF when mutated. Lamin A/C mutation p.Arg399Cys impairs the interaction between lamin A/C and NUP155, and increases extractability of NUP155 from the nuclear envelope (NE). Mutation p.Arg399Cys leads to aggregation of lamin A/C in the nucleus, although it does not impair the integrity of NE upon cellular stress. Mutation p.Arg399Cys inhibits the export of HSP70 mRNA and the nuclear import of HSP70 protein. Electrophysiological studies show that mutation p.Arg399Cys decreases the peak cardiac sodium current by decreasing the cell surface expression level of cardiac sodium channel Nav 1.5, but does not affect IKr potassium current. In conclusion, our results indicate that lamin A/C mutation p.Arg399Cys weakens the interaction between nuclear lamina (lamin A/C) and the nuclear pore complex (NUP155), leading to the development of AF. The findings provide a novel molecular mechanism for the pathogenesis of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Han
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Miao Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Chen Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Huang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Shengna Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xin Tu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yinan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Qiuyun Chen
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Xiang Ren
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Qing Kenneth Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Tie Ke
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
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28
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Ho R, Hegele RA. Complex effects of laminopathy mutations on nuclear structure and function. Clin Genet 2018; 95:199-209. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.13455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosettia Ho
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, and Robarts Research Institute; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University; London Ontario Canada
| | - Robert A. Hegele
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, and Robarts Research Institute; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University; London Ontario Canada
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Janin A, Gache V. Nesprins and Lamins in Health and Diseases of Cardiac and Skeletal Muscles. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1277. [PMID: 30245638 PMCID: PMC6137955 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of the inner nuclear transmembrane protein emerin in the early 1990s, nuclear envelope (NE) components and related involvement in nuclei integrity and functionality have been highly investigated. The NE is composed of two distinct lipid bilayers described as the inner (INM) and outer (ONM) nuclear membrane. NE proteins can be specifically “integrated” in the INM (such as emerin and SUN proteins) or in the ONM such as nesprins. Additionally, flanked to the INM, the nuclear lamina, a proteinaceous meshwork mainly composed of lamins A and C completes NE composition. This network of proteins physically interplays to guarantee NE integrity and most importantly, shape the bridge between cytoplasmic cytoskeletons networks (such as microtubules and actin) and the genome, through the anchorage to the heterochromatin. The essential network driving the connection of nucleoskeleton with cytoskeleton takes place in the perinuclear space (the space between ONM and INM) with the contribution of the LINC complex (for Linker of Nucleoskeleton to Cytoskeleton), hosting KASH and SUN proteins interactions. This close interplay between compartments has been related to diverse functions from nuclear integrity, activity and positioning through mechanotransduction pathways. At the same time, mutations in NE components genes coding for proteins such as lamins or nesprins, had been associated with a wide range of congenital diseases including cardiac and muscular diseases. Although most of these NE associated proteins are ubiquitously expressed, a large number of tissue-specific disorders have been associated with diverse pathogenic mutations. Thus, diagnosis and molecular explanation of this group of diseases, commonly called “nuclear envelopathies,” is currently challenging. This review aims, first, to give a better understanding of diverse functions of the LINC complex components, from the point of view of lamins and nesprins. Second, to summarize human congenital diseases with a special focus on muscle and heart abnormalities, caused by mutations in genes coding for these two types of NE associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Janin
- CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Laboratoire de Cardiogénétique Moléculaire, Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Vincent Gache
- CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
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30
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Briand N, Cahyani I, Madsen-Østerbye J, Paulsen J, Rønningen T, Sørensen AL, Collas P. Lamin A, Chromatin and FPLD2: Not Just a Peripheral Ménage-à-Trois. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:73. [PMID: 30057899 PMCID: PMC6053905 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
At the nuclear periphery, the genome is anchored to A- and B-type nuclear lamins in the form of heterochromatic lamina-associated domains. A-type lamins also associate with chromatin in the nuclear interior, away from the peripheral nuclear lamina. This nucleoplasmic lamin A environment tends to be euchromatic, suggesting distinct roles of lamin A in the regulation of gene expression in peripheral and more central regions of the nucleus. The hot-spot lamin A R482W mutation causing familial partial lipodystrophy of Dunnigan-type (FPLD2), affects lamin A association with chromatin at the nuclear periphery and in the nuclear interior, and is associated with 3-dimensional (3D) rearrangements of chromatin. Here, we highlight features of nuclear lamin association with the genome at the nuclear periphery and in the nuclear interior. We address recent data showing a rewiring of such interactions in cells from FPLD2 patients, and in adipose progenitor and induced pluripotent stem cell models of FPLD2. We discuss associated epigenetic and genome conformation changes elicited by the lamin A R482W mutation at the gene level. The findings argue that the mutation adversely impacts both global and local genome architecture throughout the nucleus space. The results, together with emerging new computational modeling tools, mark the start of a new era in our understanding of the 3D genomics of laminopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolwenn Briand
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inswasti Cahyani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Julia Madsen-Østerbye
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonas Paulsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torunn Rønningen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anita L Sørensen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Philippe Collas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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31
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Mouse models of nesprin-related diseases. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:669-681. [PMID: 29784648 DOI: 10.1042/bst20180085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nesprins (nuclear envelope spectrin repeat proteins) are a family of multi-isomeric scaffolding proteins. Nesprins form the LInker of Nucleoskeleton-and-Cytoskeleton (LINC) complex with SUN (Sad1p/UNC84) domain-containing proteins at the nuclear envelope, in association with lamin A/C and emerin, linking the nucleoskeleton to the cytoskeleton. The LINC complex serves as both a physical linker between the nuclear lamina and the cytoskeleton and a mechanosensor. The LINC complex has a broad range of functions and is involved in maintaining nuclear architecture, nuclear positioning and migration, and also modulating gene expression. Over 80 disease-related variants have been identified in SYNE-1/2 (nesprin-1/2) genes, which result in muscular or central nervous system disorders including autosomal dominant Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, dilated cardiomyopathy and autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia type 1. To date, 17 different nesprin mouse lines have been established to mimic these nesprin-related human diseases, which have provided valuable insights into the roles of nesprin and its scaffold LINC complex in a tissue-specific manner. In this review, we summarise the existing nesprin mouse models, compare their phenotypes and discuss the potential mechanisms underlying nesprin-associated diseases.
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32
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Brady GF, Kwan R, Cunha JB, Elenbaas JS, Omary MB. Lamins and Lamin-Associated Proteins in Gastrointestinal Health and Disease. Gastroenterology 2018; 154:1602-1619.e1. [PMID: 29549040 PMCID: PMC6038707 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear lamina is a multi-protein lattice composed of A- and B-type lamins and their associated proteins. This protein lattice associates with heterochromatin and integral inner nuclear membrane proteins, providing links among the genome, nucleoskeleton, and cytoskeleton. In the 1990s, mutations in EMD and LMNA were linked to Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. Since then, the number of diseases attributed to nuclear lamina defects, including laminopathies and other disorders, has increased to include more than 20 distinct genetic syndromes. Studies of patients and mouse genetic models have pointed to important roles for lamins and their associated proteins in the function of gastrointestinal organs, including liver and pancreas. We review the interactions and functions of the lamina in relation to the nuclear envelope and genome, the ways in which its dysfunction is thought to contribute to human disease, and possible avenues for targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham F. Brady
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan,To whom correspondence should be addressed: University of Michigan Medical School, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, 1137 Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5622.
| | - Raymond Kwan
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Juliana Bragazzi Cunha
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jared S. Elenbaas
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri
| | - M. Bishr Omary
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Ǻbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
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33
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Shevelyov YY, Ulianov SV. Role of Nuclear Lamina in Gene Repression and Maintenance of Chromosome Architecture in the Nucleus. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018; 83:359-369. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918040077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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34
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Nesprin-1/2: roles in nuclear envelope organisation, myogenesis and muscle disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:311-320. [PMID: 29487227 DOI: 10.1042/bst20170149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nesprins (nuclear envelope spectrin repeat proteins) are multi-isomeric scaffolding proteins. Nesprin-1 and -2 are highly expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscles and together with SUN (Sad1p/UNC84) domain-containing proteins form the LInker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complex at the nuclear envelope in association with lamin A/C and emerin. Mutations in nesprin-1/2 have been found in patients with autosomal dominant Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) as well as dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Several lines of evidence indicate that compromised LINC complex function is the critical step leading to muscle disease. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the functions of nesprin-1/2 in the LINC complex and mechanistic insights into how mutations in nesprin-1/2 lead to nesprin-related muscle diseases, in particular DCM and EDMD.
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35
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Pecorari I, Borin D, Sbaizero O. A Perspective on the Experimental Techniques for Studying Lamins. Cells 2017; 6:E33. [PMID: 28994747 PMCID: PMC5755493 DOI: 10.3390/cells6040033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lamins are type V intermediate filaments that collectively form a meshwork underneath the inner nuclear membrane, called nuclear lamina. Furthermore, they are also present in the nucleoplasm. Lamins are experiencing a growing interest, since a wide range of diseases are induced by mutations in the gene coding for A-type lamins, globally known as laminopathies. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that lamins are involved in other pathological conditions, like cancer. The role of lamins has been studied from several perspectives, exploiting different techniques and procedures. This multidisciplinary approach has contributed to resolving the unique features of lamins and has provided a thorough insight in their role in living organisms. Yet, there are still many unanswered questions, which constantly generate research in the field. The present work is aimed to review some interesting experimental techniques performed so far to study lamins. Scientists can take advantage of this collection for their novel investigations, being aware of the already pursued and consolidated methodologies. Hopefully, advances in these research directions will provide insights to achieve better diagnostic procedures and effective therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Pecorari
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Daniele Borin
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Orfeo Sbaizero
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
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36
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Lherbette M, Dos Santos Á, Hari-Gupta Y, Fili N, Toseland CP, Schaap IAT. Atomic Force Microscopy micro-rheology reveals large structural inhomogeneities in single cell-nuclei. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8116. [PMID: 28808261 PMCID: PMC5556037 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08517-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
During growth, differentiation and migration of cells, the nucleus changes size and shape, while encountering forces generated by the cell itself and its environment. Although there is increasing evidence that such mechanical signals are employed to control gene expression, it remains unclear how mechanical forces are transduced through the nucleus. To this end, we have measured the compliance of nuclei by applying oscillatory strains between 1 and 700 Hz to individual nuclei of multiple mammalian cell-lines that were compressed between two plates. The quantitative response varied with more than one order of magnitude and scaled with the size of the nucleus. Surprisingly, the qualitative behaviour was conserved among different cell-lines: all nuclei showed a softer and more viscous response towards the periphery, suggesting a reduced degree of crosslinking of the chromatin. This may be an important feature to regulate transcription via mechano-transduction in this most active and dynamic region of the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lherbette
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Ália Dos Santos
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Yukti Hari-Gupta
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Natalia Fili
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, UK
| | | | - Iwan A T Schaap
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK. .,SmarAct GmbH, D26135, Oldenburg, Germany.
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37
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Oldenburg A, Briand N, Sørensen AL, Cahyani I, Shah A, Moskaug JØ, Collas P. A lipodystrophy-causing lamin A mutant alters conformation and epigenetic regulation of the anti-adipogenic MIR335 locus. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:2731-2743. [PMID: 28751304 PMCID: PMC5584164 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201701043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the Lamin A/C (LMNA) gene-encoding nuclear LMNA cause laminopathies, which include partial lipodystrophies associated with metabolic syndromes. The lipodystrophy-associated LMNA p.R482W mutation is known to impair adipogenic differentiation, but the mechanisms involved are unclear. We show in this study that the lamin A p.R482W hot spot mutation prevents adipogenic gene expression by epigenetically deregulating long-range enhancers of the anti-adipogenic MIR335 microRNA gene in human adipocyte progenitor cells. The R482W mutation results in a loss of function of differentiation-dependent lamin A binding to the MIR335 locus. This impairs H3K27 methylation and instead favors H3K27 acetylation on MIR335 enhancers. The lamin A mutation further promotes spatial clustering of MIR335 enhancer and promoter elements along with overexpression of the MIR355 gene after adipogenic induction. Our results link a laminopathy-causing lamin A mutation to an unsuspected deregulation of chromatin states and spatial conformation of an miRNA locus critical for adipose progenitor cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Oldenburg
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nolwenn Briand
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anita L Sørensen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inswasti Cahyani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Akshay Shah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Øivind Moskaug
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Philippe Collas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway .,Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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38
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Abstract
Nuclear lamins are components of the peripheral lamina that define the mechanical properties of nuclei and tether heterochromatin to the periphery. A-type lamins localize also to the nuclear interior, but the regulation and specific functions of this nucleoplasmic lamin pool are poorly understood. In this Commentary, we summarize known pathways that are potentially involved in the localization and dynamic behavior of intranuclear lamins, including their post-translational modifications and interactions with nucleoplasmic proteins, such as lamina-associated polypeptide 2α (LAP2α; encoded by TMPO). In addition, new data suggest that lamins in the nuclear interior have an important role in chromatin regulation and gene expression through dynamic binding to both hetero- and euchromatic genomic regions and promoter subdomains, thereby affecting epigenetic pathways and chromatin accessibility. Nucleoplasmic lamins also have a role in spatial chromatin organization and may be involved in mechanosignaling. In view of this newly emerging concept, we propose that the previously reported cellular phenotypes in lamin-linked diseases are, at least in part, rooted in an impaired regulation and/or function of the nucleoplasmic lamin A/C pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Naetar
- Center of Medical Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories (MFPL), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 9, Vienna A-1030, Austria
| | - Simona Ferraioli
- Center of Medical Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories (MFPL), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 9, Vienna A-1030, Austria
| | - Roland Foisner
- Center of Medical Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories (MFPL), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 9, Vienna A-1030, Austria
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39
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Jeru I, Vatier C, Vantyghem MC, Lascols O, Vigouroux C. LMNA-associated partial lipodystrophy: anticipation of metabolic complications. J Med Genet 2017; 54:413-416. [DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2016-104437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundType-2 familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD2) is a rare autosomal dominant lipodystrophic disorder due to mutations inLMNAencoding lamin A/C, a key epigenetic regulator. FPLD2 severity is determined by the occurrence of metabolic complications, especially diabetes and hypertriglyceridaemia. We evaluated the disease history and severity over generations.MethodsThis retrospective study of the largest cohort of patients with FPLD2 reported to date investigates 85 patients from 24 families comprising three generations (G1: n=39; G2: n=41; G3: n=5).ResultsLipodystrophy appears with the same characteristics and at the same age in first generation (G1;18.6±1.5 years) and second generation (G2;15.9±0.8 years). Despite similar body mass index (23.7±0.6 vs 23.8±0.6 kg/m2), the mean delay between the onset of lipodystrophy and diabetes was far shorter in G2 (10.5±2.4 years) than in G1 (29.0±3.5 years) (p=0.0002). The same is true for the delay preceding hypertriglyceridaemia (G2: 4.5±1.4; G1: 19.3±3.2 years) (p=0.002), revealing an anticipation phenomenon. Observations in G3, and analysis within each family of disease history and diagnostic procedures, confirmed this result.ConclusionsThis study is a rare example of anticipation unrelated to a trinucleotide expansion. Discovery of this early occurrence of metabolic complications in young generations underlines the utility of presymptomatic genetic diagnosis, with careful metabolic screening and preventive lifestyle in all at-risk individuals.
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40
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Wang X, Zabell A, Koh W, Tang WHW. Lamin A/C Cardiomyopathies: Current Understanding and Novel Treatment Strategies. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE 2017; 19:21. [PMID: 28299614 DOI: 10.1007/s11936-017-0520-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the third leading cause of heart failure in the USA. A major gene associated with DCM with cardiac conduction system disease is lamin A/C (LMNA) gene. Lamins are type V filaments that serve a variety of roles, including nuclear structure support, DNA repair, cell signaling pathway mediation, and chromatin organization. In 1999, LMNA was found responsible for Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) and, since then, has been found in association with a wide spectrum of diseases termed laminopathies, including LMNA cardiomyopathy. Patients with LMNA mutations have a poor prognosis and a higher risk for sudden cardiac death, along with other cardiac effects like dysrhythmias, development of congestive heart failure, and potential need of a pacemaker or ICD. As of now, there is no specific treatment for laminopathies, including LMNA cardiomyopathy, because the mechanism of LMNA mutations in humans is still unclear. This review discusses LMNA mutations and how they relate to DCM, the necessity for further investigation to better understand LMNA mutations, and potential treatment options ranging from clinical and therapeutic to cellular and molecular techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Allyson Zabell
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Wonshill Koh
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - W H Wilson Tang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Center for Clinical Genomics, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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41
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Paulsen J, Sekelja M, Oldenburg AR, Barateau A, Briand N, Delbarre E, Shah A, Sørensen AL, Vigouroux C, Buendia B, Collas P. Chrom3D: three-dimensional genome modeling from Hi-C and nuclear lamin-genome contacts. Genome Biol 2017; 18:21. [PMID: 28137286 PMCID: PMC5278575 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-016-1146-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Current three-dimensional (3D) genome modeling platforms are limited by their inability to account for radial placement of loci in the nucleus. We present Chrom3D, a user-friendly whole-genome 3D computational modeling framework that simulates positions of topologically-associated domains (TADs) relative to each other and to the nuclear periphery. Chrom3D integrates chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) and lamin-associated domain (LAD) datasets to generate structure ensembles that recapitulate radial distributions of TADs detected in single cells. Chrom3D reveals unexpected spatial features of LAD regulation in cells from patients with a laminopathy-causing lamin mutation. Chrom3D is freely available on github.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Paulsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Monika Sekelja
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anja R Oldenburg
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Nolwenn Briand
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erwan Delbarre
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Akshay Shah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anita L Sørensen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Corinne Vigouroux
- INSERM, UMR S938, Centre de Recherches Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,UPMC Université Paris 6 UMR S938, Paris, France.,ICAN, Paris, France.,AP-HP Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | | | - Philippe Collas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. .,Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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42
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Sakthivel KM, Sehgal P. A Novel Role of Lamins from Genetic Disease to Cancer Biomarkers. Oncol Rev 2016; 10:309. [PMID: 27994771 PMCID: PMC5136755 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2016.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamins are the key components of the nuclear lamina and by virtue of their interactions with chromatin and binding partners act as regulators of cell proliferation and differentiation. Of late, the diverse roles of lamins in cellular processes have made them the topic of intense debate for their role in cancer progression. The observations about aberrant localization or misexpression of the nuclear lamins in cancerous tissues have often led to the speculative role of lamins as a cancer risk biomarker. Here we discuss the involvement of lamins in several cancer subtypes and their potential role in predicting the tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Poonam Sehgal
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois , Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
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43
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Robin JD, Magdinier F. Physiological and Pathological Aging Affects Chromatin Dynamics, Structure and Function at the Nuclear Edge. Front Genet 2016; 7:153. [PMID: 27602048 PMCID: PMC4993774 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lamins are intermediate filaments that form a complex meshwork at the inner nuclear membrane. Mammalian cells express two types of Lamins, Lamins A/C and Lamins B, encoded by three different genes, LMNA, LMNB1, and LMNB2. Mutations in the LMNA gene are associated with a group of phenotypically diverse diseases referred to as laminopathies. Lamins interact with a large number of binding partners including proteins of the nuclear envelope but also chromatin-associated factors. Lamins not only constitute a scaffold for nuclear shape, rigidity and resistance to stress but also contribute to the organization of chromatin and chromosomal domains. We will discuss here the impact of A-type Lamins loss on alterations of chromatin organization and formation of chromatin domains and how disorganization of the lamina contributes to the patho-physiology of premature aging syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme D Robin
- IRCAN, CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U1081, Faculté de Médecine Nice, France
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44
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Machowska M, Piekarowicz K, Rzepecki R. Regulation of lamin properties and functions: does phosphorylation do it all? Open Biol 2016; 5:rsob.150094. [PMID: 26581574 PMCID: PMC4680568 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.150094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The main functions of lamins are their mechanical and structural roles as major building blocks of the karyoskeleton. They are also involved in chromatin structure regulation, gene expression, intracellular signalling pathway modulation and development. All essential lamin functions seem to depend on their capacity for assembly or disassembly after the receipt of specific signals, and after specific, selective and precisely regulated interactions through their various domains. Reversible phosphorylation of lamins is crucial for their functions, so it is important to understand how lamin polymerization and interactions are modulated, and which sequences may undergo such modifications. This review combines experimental data with results of our in silico analyses focused on lamin phosphorylation in model organisms to show the presence of evolutionarily conserved sequences and to indicate specific in vivo phosphorylations that affect particular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Machowska
- Laboratory of Nuclear Proteins, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, ul. Fryderyka Joliot-Curie 14a, Wrocław 50-383, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Piekarowicz
- Laboratory of Nuclear Proteins, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, ul. Fryderyka Joliot-Curie 14a, Wrocław 50-383, Poland
| | - Ryszard Rzepecki
- Laboratory of Nuclear Proteins, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, ul. Fryderyka Joliot-Curie 14a, Wrocław 50-383, Poland
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45
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Moriuchi T, Kuroda M, Kusumoto F, Osumi T, Hirose F. Lamin A reassembly at the end of mitosis is regulated by its SUMO-interacting motif. Exp Cell Res 2016; 342:83-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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46
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Uchino R, Sugiyama S, Katagiri M, Chuman Y, Furukawa K. Non-farnesylated B-type lamin can tether chromatin inside the nucleus and its chromatin interaction requires the Ig-fold region. Chromosoma 2016; 126:125-144. [PMID: 26892013 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-016-0581-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Lamins are thought to direct heterochromatin to the nuclear lamina (NL); however, this function of lamin has not been clearly demonstrated in vivo. To address this, we analyzed polytene chromosome morphology when artificial lamin variants were expressed in Drosophila endoreplicating cells. We found that the CaaX-motif-deleted B-type lamin Dm0, but not A-type lamin C, was able to form a nuclear envelope-independent layer that was closely associated with chromatin. Other nuclear envelope proteins were not detected in this "ectopic lamina," and the associated chromatin showed a repressive histone modification maker but not a permissive histone modification marker nor RNA polymerase II proteins. Furthermore, deletion of the C-terminal lamin-Ig-fold domain prevents chromatin association with this ectopic lamina. Thus, non-farnesylated B-type lamin Dm0 can form an ectopic lamina and induce changes to chromatin structure and status inside the interphase nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Uchino
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Shin Sugiyama
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Motoi Katagiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Chuman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Furukawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan.
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47
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LMNA mutations resulting in lipodystrophy and HIV protease inhibitors trigger vascular smooth muscle cell senescence and calcification: Role of ZMPSTE24 downregulation. Atherosclerosis 2016; 245:200-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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48
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Ihalainen TO, Aires L, Herzog FA, Schwartlander R, Moeller J, Vogel V. Differential basal-to-apical accessibility of lamin A/C epitopes in the nuclear lamina regulated by changes in cytoskeletal tension. NATURE MATERIALS 2015; 14:1252-1261. [PMID: 26301768 PMCID: PMC4655446 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear lamins play central roles at the intersection between cytoplasmic signalling and nuclear events. Here, we show that at least two N- and C-terminal lamin epitopes are not accessible at the basal side of the nuclear envelope under environmental conditions known to upregulate cell contractility. The conformational epitope on the Ig-domain of A-type lamins is more buried in the basal than apical nuclear envelope of human mesenchymal stem cells undergoing osteogenesis (but not adipogenesis), and in fibroblasts adhering to rigid (but not soft) polyacrylamide hydrogels. This structural polarization of the lamina is promoted by compressive forces, emerges during cell spreading, and requires lamin A/C multimerization, intact nucleoskeleton-cytoskeleton linkages (LINC), and apical-actin stress-fibre assembly. Notably, the identified Ig-epitope overlaps with emerin, DNA and histone binding sites, and comprises various laminopathy mutation sites. Our findings should help decipher how the physical properties of cellular microenvironments regulate nuclear events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teemu O. Ihalainen
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
- NeuroGroup, BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Lina Aires
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian A. Herzog
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Schwartlander
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jens Moeller
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Viola Vogel
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
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49
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Rønningen T, Shah A, Oldenburg AR, Vekterud K, Delbarre E, Moskaug JØ, Collas P. Prepatterning of differentiation-driven nuclear lamin A/C-associated chromatin domains by GlcNAcylated histone H2B. Genome Res 2015; 25:1825-35. [PMID: 26359231 PMCID: PMC4665004 DOI: 10.1101/gr.193748.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic interactions of nuclear lamins with chromatin through lamin-associated domains (LADs) contribute to spatial arrangement of the genome. Here, we provide evidence for prepatterning of differentiation-driven formation of lamin A/C LADs by domains of histone H2B modified on serine 112 by the nutrient sensor O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (H2BS112GlcNAc), which we term GADs. We demonstrate a two-step process of lamin A/C LAD formation during in vitro adipogenesis, involving spreading of lamin A/C–chromatin interactions in the transition from progenitor cell proliferation to cell-cycle arrest, and genome-scale redistribution of these interactions through a process of LAD exchange within hours of adipogenic induction. Lamin A/C LADs are found both in active and repressive chromatin contexts that can be influenced by cell differentiation status. De novo formation of adipogenic lamin A/C LADs occurs nonrandomly on GADs, which consist of megabase-size intergenic and repressive chromatin domains. Accordingly, whereas predifferentiation lamin A/C LADs are gene-rich, post-differentiation LADs harbor repressive features reminiscent of lamin B1 LADs. Release of lamin A/C from genes directly involved in glycolysis concurs with their transcriptional up-regulation after adipogenic induction, and with downstream elevations in H2BS112GlcNAc levels and O-GlcNAc cycling. Our results unveil an epigenetic prepatterning of adipogenic LADs by GADs, suggesting a coupling of developmentally regulated lamin A/C-genome interactions to a metabolically sensitive chromatin modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torunn Rønningen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Akshay Shah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anja R Oldenburg
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin Vekterud
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Erwan Delbarre
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Øivind Moskaug
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Philippe Collas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0317 Oslo, Norway
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50
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Ollion J, Loll F, Cochennec J, Boudier T, Escudé C. Proliferation-dependent positioning of individual centromeres in the interphase nucleus of human lymphoblastoid cell lines. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:2550-60. [PMID: 25947134 PMCID: PMC4571307 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-05-1002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Centromeres are not randomly distributed in interphase nuclei. High-throughput imaging provides an accurate characterization of how their organization varies as a function of the proliferation state in human lymphoblastoid cells. The results suggest the existence of mechanisms that drive the nuclear positioning of centromeres. The cell nucleus is a highly organized structure and plays an important role in gene regulation. Understanding the mechanisms that sustain this organization is therefore essential for understanding genome function. Centromeric regions (CRs) of chromosomes have been known for years to adopt specific nuclear positioning patterns, but the significance of this observation is not yet completely understood. Here, using a combination of fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunochemistry on fixed human cells and high-throughput imaging, we directly and quantitatively investigated the nuclear positioning of specific human CRs. We observe differential attraction of individual CRs toward both the nuclear border and the nucleoli, the former being enhanced in nonproliferating cells and the latter being enhanced in proliferating cells. Similar positioning patterns are observed in two different lymphoblastoid cell lines. Moreover, the positioning of CRs differs from that of noncentromeric regions, and CRs display specific orientations within chromosome territories. These results suggest the existence of not-yet-characterized mechanisms that drive the nuclear positioning of CRs and therefore pave the way toward a better understanding of how CRs affect nuclear organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Ollion
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1154, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7196, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 75231 Paris, France
| | - François Loll
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1154, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7196, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Julien Cochennec
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1154, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7196, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Boudier
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Escudé
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1154, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7196, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 75231 Paris, France
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