1
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Iram S, Rahman S, Choi I, Kim J. Insight into the function of tetranectin in human diseases: A review and prospects for tetranectin-targeted disease treatment. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23512. [PMID: 38187250 PMCID: PMC10770464 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Tetranectin (TN), a serum protein, is closely associated with different types of cancers. TN binds plasminogen and promotes the proteolytic activation of plasminogen into plasmin, which suggests that TN is involved in remodeling the extracellular matrix and cancer tissues during cancer development. TN is also associated with other diseases, such as developmental disorders, cardiovascular diseases, neurological diseases, inflammation, and diabetes. Although the functional mechanism of TN in diseases is not fully elucidated, TN binds different proteins, such as structural protein, a growth factor, and a transcription regulator. Moreover, TN changes and regulates protein functions, indicating that TN-binding proteins mediate the association between TN and diseases. This review summarizes the current knowledge of TN-associated diseases and TN functions with TN-binding proteins in different diseases. In addition, potential TN-targeted disease treatment by inhibiting the interaction between TN and its binding proteins is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Iram
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Safikur Rahman
- Department of Botany, Munshi Singh College, BR Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, 845401, India
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoe Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
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2
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Leusmann S, Ménová P, Shanin E, Titz A, Rademacher C. Glycomimetics for the inhibition and modulation of lectins. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:3663-3740. [PMID: 37232696 PMCID: PMC10243309 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00954d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are essential mediators of many processes in health and disease. They regulate self-/non-self- discrimination, are key elements of cellular communication, cancer, infection and inflammation, and determine protein folding, function and life-times. Moreover, they are integral to the cellular envelope for microorganisms and participate in biofilm formation. These diverse functions of carbohydrates are mediated by carbohydrate-binding proteins, lectins, and the more the knowledge about the biology of these proteins is advancing, the more interfering with carbohydrate recognition becomes a viable option for the development of novel therapeutics. In this respect, small molecules mimicking this recognition process become more and more available either as tools for fostering our basic understanding of glycobiology or as therapeutics. In this review, we outline the general design principles of glycomimetic inhibitors (Section 2). This section is then followed by highlighting three approaches to interfere with lectin function, i.e. with carbohydrate-derived glycomimetics (Section 3.1), novel glycomimetic scaffolds (Section 3.2) and allosteric modulators (Section 3.3). We summarize recent advances in design and application of glycomimetics for various classes of lectins of mammalian, viral and bacterial origin. Besides highlighting design principles in general, we showcase defined cases in which glycomimetics have been advanced to clinical trials or marketed. Additionally, emerging applications of glycomimetics for targeted protein degradation and targeted delivery purposes are reviewed in Section 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Leusmann
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Petra Ménová
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Elena Shanin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Biocenter 5, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Titz
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Biocenter 5, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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3
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Liu F, Cai Z, Yang Y, Plasko G, Zhao P, Wu X, Tang C, Li D, Li T, Hu S, Song L, Yu S, Xu R, Luo H, Fan L, Wang E, Xiao Z, Ji Y, Zeng R, Li R, Bai J, Zhou Z, Liu F, Zhang J. The adipocyte-enriched secretory protein tetranectin exacerbates type 2 diabetes by inhibiting insulin secretion from β cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq1799. [PMID: 36129988 PMCID: PMC9491725 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq1799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic β cell failure is a hallmark of diabetes. However, the causes of β cell failure remain incomplete. Here, we report the identification of tetranectin (TN), an adipose tissue-enriched secretory molecule, as a negative regulator of insulin secretion in β cells in diabetes. TN expression is stimulated by high glucose in adipocytes via the p38 MAPK/TXNIP/thioredoxin/OCT4 signaling pathway, and elevated serum TN levels are associated with diabetes. TN treatment greatly exacerbates hyperglycemia in mice and suppresses glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in islets. Conversely, knockout of TN or neutralization of TN function notably improves insulin secretion and glucose tolerance in high-fat diet-fed mice. Mechanistically, TN binds with high selectivity to β cells and inhibits insulin secretion by blocking L-type Ca2+ channels. Our study uncovers an adipocyte-β cell cross-talk that contributes to β cell dysfunction in diabetes and suggests that neutralization of TN levels may provide a new treatment strategy for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Zixin Cai
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yan Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - George Plasko
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Piao Zhao
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangyue Wu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Cheng Tang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Dandan Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Liver Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Shanbiao Hu
- Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Lei Song
- Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Shaojie Yu
- Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Ran Xu
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Hairong Luo
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Libin Fan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Ersong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Zhen Xiao
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yujiao Ji
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Rongxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Juli Bai
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Feng Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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4
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The molecular basis for the pH-dependent calcium affinity of the pattern recognition receptor langerin. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100718. [PMID: 33989634 PMCID: PMC8219899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The C-type lectin receptor langerin plays a vital role in the mammalian defense against invading pathogens. Langerin requires a Ca2+ cofactor, the binding affinity of which is regulated by pH. Thus, Ca2+ is bound when langerin is on the membrane but released when langerin and its pathogen substrate traffic to the acidic endosome, allowing the substrate to be degraded. The change in pH is sensed by protonation of the allosteric pH sensor histidine H294. However, the mechanism by which Ca2+ is released from the buried binding site is not clear. We studied the structural consequences of protonating H294 by molecular dynamics simulations (total simulation time: about 120 μs) and Markov models. We discovered a relay mechanism in which a proton is moved into the vicinity of the Ca2+-binding site without transferring the initial proton from H294. Protonation of H294 unlocks a conformation in which a protonated lysine side chain forms a hydrogen bond with a Ca2+-coordinating aspartic acid. This destabilizes Ca2+ in the binding pocket, which we probed by steered molecular dynamics. After Ca2+ release, the proton is likely transferred to the aspartic acid and stabilized by a dyad with a nearby glutamic acid, triggering a conformational transition and thus preventing Ca2+ rebinding. These results show how pH regulation of a buried orthosteric binding site from a solvent-exposed allosteric pH sensor can be realized by information transfer through a specific chain of conformational arrangements.
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5
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Keller BG, Rademacher C. Allostery in C-type lectins. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2019; 62:31-38. [PMID: 31838280 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
C-type lectins are the largest and most diverse family of mammalian carbohydrate-binding proteins. They share a common protein fold, which provides the unifying basis for calcium-mediated carbohydrate recognition. Their involvement in a multitude of biological functions is remarkable. Here, we review the variety of tasks these lectins are involved in alongside with the structural demands on the overall protein architecture. Subtle changes of the protein structure are implemented to cope with such diverse functional requirements. The presence of a high level of structural dynamics over a broad palette of time scales is paired with the presence of secondary binding sites and allosteric coordination of remote sites and renders this lectin fold a highly adaptable scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina G Keller
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomolecular Systems, 14424 Potsdam, Germany.
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6
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Calcium-Binding Generates the Semi-Clathrate Waters on a Type II Antifreeze Protein to Adsorb onto an Ice Crystal Surface. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9050162. [PMID: 31035615 PMCID: PMC6572318 DOI: 10.3390/biom9050162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydration is crucial for a function and a ligand recognition of a protein. The hydration shell constructed on an antifreeze protein (AFP) contains many organized waters, through which AFP is thought to bind to specific ice crystal planes. For a Ca2+-dependent species of AFP, however, it has not been clarified how 1 mol of Ca2+-binding is related with the hydration and the ice-binding ability. Here we determined the X-ray crystal structure of a Ca2+-dependent AFP (jsAFP) from Japanese smelt, Hypomesus nipponensis, in both Ca2+-bound and -free states. Their overall structures were closely similar (Root mean square deviation (RMSD) of Cα = 0.31 Å), while they exhibited a significant difference around their Ca2+-binding site. Firstly, the side-chains of four of the five Ca2+-binding residues (Q92, D94 E99, D113, and D114) were oriented to be suitable for ice binding only in the Ca2+-bound state. Second, a Ca2+-binding loop consisting of a segment D94–E99 becomes less flexible by the Ca2+-binding. Third, the Ca2+-binding induces a generation of ice-like clathrate waters around the Ca2+-binding site, which show a perfect position-match to the waters constructing the first prism plane of a single ice crystal. These results suggest that generation of ice-like clathrate waters induced by Ca2+-binding enables the ice-binding of this protein.
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7
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Shen D, Wang L, Ji J, Liu Q, An C. Identification and Characterization of C-type Lectins in Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2018; 18:4924850. [PMID: 29718486 PMCID: PMC5842395 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iey011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
C-type lectins (CTLs) are a large family of calcium-dependent carbohydrate-binding proteins. They function primarily in cell adhesion and immunity by recognizing various glycoconjugates. We identified 14 transcripts encoding proteins with one or two CTL domains from the transcriptome from Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée; Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Among them, five (OfCTL-S1 through S5) only contain one CTL domain, the remaining nine (OfIML-1 through 9) have two tandem CTL domains. Five CTL-Ss and six OfIMLs have a signal peptide are likely extracellular while another two OfIMLs might be cytoplasmic. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that OfCTL-Ss had 1:1 orthologs in Lepidoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera species, but OfIMLs only clustered with immulectins (IMLs) from Lepidopteran. Structural modeling revealed that the 22 CTL domains adopt a similar double-loop fold consisting of β-sheets and α-helices. The key residues for calcium-dependent or independent binding of specific carbohydrates by CTL domains were predicted with homology modeling. Expression profiles assay showed distinct expression pattern of 14 CTLs: the expression and induction were related to the developmental stages and infected microorganisms. Overall, our work including the gene identification, sequence alignment, phylogenetic analysis, structural modeling, and expression profile assay would provide a valuable basis for the further functional studies of O. furnacalis CTLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Shen
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jiayue Ji
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qizhi Liu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Chunju An
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
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8
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Hanske J, Aleksić S, Ballaschk M, Jurk M, Shanina E, Beerbaum M, Schmieder P, Keller BG, Rademacher C. Intradomain Allosteric Network Modulates Calcium Affinity of the C-Type Lectin Receptor Langerin. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:12176-86. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b05458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Hanske
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry, and
Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stevan Aleksić
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry, and
Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Ballaschk
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry, and
Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcel Jurk
- Department
of Bioinformatics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestraße 63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elena Shanina
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry, and
Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Monika Beerbaum
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Schmieder
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bettina G. Keller
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry, and
Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry, and
Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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9
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Rozbeský D, Adámek D, Pospíšilová E, Novák P, Chmelík J. Solution structure of the lymphocyte receptor Nkrp1a reveals a distinct conformation of the long loop region as compared to in the crystal structure. Proteins 2016; 84:1304-11. [PMID: 27238500 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mouse Nkrp1a receptor is a C-type lectin-like receptor expressed on the surface of natural killer cells that play an important role against virally infected and tumor cells. The recently solved crystal structure of Nkrp1a raises questions about a long loop region which was uniquely extended from the central region in the crystal. To understand the functional significance of the loop, the solution structure of Nkrp1a using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was determined. A notable difference between the crystal and NMR structure of Nkrp1a appears in the conformation of the long loop region. While the extended loop points away from the central core and mediates formation of a domain swapped dimer in the crystal, the solution structure is monomeric with the loop tightly anchored to the central region. The findings described the first solution structure in the Nkrp1 family and revealed intriguing similarities and differences to the crystal structure. Proteins 2016; 84:1304-1311. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rozbeský
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Adámek
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Pospíšilová
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Novák
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Chmelík
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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10
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Lei Q, Chen J, Huang W, Wu D, Lin H, Lai Y. Proteomic analysis of the effect of extracellular calcium ions on human mesenchymal stem cells: Implications for bone tissue engineering. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 233:139-46. [PMID: 25824407 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells-bone marrow (BM-hMSCs) are considered as the most suitable seed cells for bone tissue engineering. Calcium ions (Ca(2+)) forms an important component of a number of commercial bone substitutes and support materials. For efficient bone tissue engineering, it is crucial to explore the effect of extracellular Ca(2+) on the growth and differentiation of BM-hMSCs, and to understand their molecular mechanisms. Therefore, in the present study, BM-hMSCs were cultivated in serum free growth medium or serum free growth medium with additional 4 or 6mM Ca(2+) for 3weeks, following which, the proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of these cells were evaluated. Differentially expressed proteins were established using iTRAQ labeling coupled with nano-LC-MS/MS. Our data revealed that Ca(2+) significantly promoted the proliferation of BM-hMSCs in the early stage. Furthermore, Ca(2+) showed osteoinduction properties. MAPKs signaling pathway might participate in the osteogenic differentiation of BM-hMSCs caused by Ca(2+). Certain newly found proteins could be potentially important for the osteogenic differentiation of BM-hMSCs and may be associated with osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Lei
- Department of Oral Implantology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Jiang Chen
- Department of Oral Implantology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Wenxiu Huang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Hengzhang Lin
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Provincial Governmental Hospital of Fujian Health College, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Yingzhen Lai
- Department of Stomatology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian 361008, China
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11
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Aretz J, Wamhoff EC, Hanske J, Heymann D, Rademacher C. Computational and experimental prediction of human C-type lectin receptor druggability. Front Immunol 2014; 5:323. [PMID: 25071783 PMCID: PMC4090677 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian C-type lectin receptors (CTLRS) are involved in many aspects of immune cell regulation such as pathogen recognition, clearance of apoptotic bodies, and lymphocyte homing. Despite a great interest in modulating CTLR recognition of carbohydrates, the number of specific molecular probes is limited. To this end, we predicted the druggability of a panel of 22 CTLRs using DoGSiteScorer. The computed druggability scores of most structures were low, characterizing this family as either challenging or even undruggable. To further explore these findings, we employed a fluorine-based nuclear magnetic resonance screening of fragment mixtures against DC-SIGN, a receptor of pharmacological interest. To our surprise, we found many fragment hits associated with the carbohydrate recognition site (hit rate = 13.5%). A surface plasmon resonance-based follow-up assay confirmed 18 of these fragments (47%) and equilibrium dissociation constants were determined. Encouraged by these findings we expanded our experimental druggability prediction to Langerin and MCL and found medium to high hit rates as well, being 15.7 and 10.0%, respectively. Our results highlight limitations of current in silico approaches to druggability assessment, in particular, with regard to carbohydrate-binding proteins. In sum, our data indicate that small molecule ligands for a larger panel of CTLRs can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Aretz
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Potsdam , Germany ; Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Eike-Christian Wamhoff
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Potsdam , Germany ; Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Jonas Hanske
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Potsdam , Germany ; Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Dario Heymann
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Potsdam , Germany
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Potsdam , Germany ; Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany
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12
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Probert F, Whittaker SBM, Crispin M, Mitchell DA, Dixon AM. Solution NMR analyses of the C-type carbohydrate recognition domain of DC-SIGNR protein reveal different binding modes for HIV-derived oligosaccharides and smaller glycan fragments. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:22745-57. [PMID: 23788638 PMCID: PMC3829359 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.458299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The C-type lectin DC-SIGNR (dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3-grabbing non-integrin-related; also known as L-SIGN or CD299) is a promising drug target due to its ability to promote infection and/or within-host survival of several dangerous pathogens (e.g. HIV and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS)) via interactions with their surface glycans. Crystallography has provided excellent insight into the mechanism by which DC-SIGNR interacts with small glycans, such as (GlcNAc)2Man3; however, direct observation of complexes with larger, physiological oligosaccharides, such as Man9GlcNAc2, remains elusive. We have utilized solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to investigate DC-SIGNR binding and herein report the first backbone assignment of its active, calcium-bound carbohydrate recognition domain. Direct interactions with the small sugar fragments Man3, Man5, and (GlcNAc)2Man3 were investigated alongside Man9GlcNAc derived from recombinant gp120 (present on the HIV viral envelope), providing the first structural data for DC-SIGNR in complex with a virus-associated ligand, and unique binding modes were observed for each glycan. In particular, our data show that DC-SIGNR has a different binding mode for glycans on the HIV viral envelope compared with the smaller glycans previously observed in the crystalline state. This suggests that using the binding mode of Man9GlcNAc, instead of those of small glycans, may provide a platform for the design of DC-SIGNR inhibitors selective for high mannose glycans (like those on HIV). (15)N relaxation measurements provided the first information on the dynamics of the carbohydrate recognition domain, demonstrating that it is a highly flexible domain that undergoes ligand-induced conformational and dynamic changes that may explain the ability of DC-SIGNR to accommodate a range of glycans on viral surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fay Probert
- From the Molecular Organisation and Assembly in Cells Doctoral Training Centre
| | - Sara B.-M. Whittaker
- the Henry Wellcome Building for Biomolecular NMR Spectroscopy, Birmingham Cancer Research UK Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom, and
| | - Max Crispin
- the Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ann M. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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13
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Onizuka T, Shimizu H, Moriwaki Y, Nakano T, Kanai S, Shimada I, Takahashi H. NMR study of ligand release from asialoglycoprotein receptor under solution conditions in early endosomes. FEBS J 2012; 279:2645-56. [PMID: 22613667 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2012.08643.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R) is an endocytic C-type lectin receptor in hepatocytes that clears plasma glycoconjugates containing a terminal galactose or N-acetylgalactosamine. The carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of ASGP-R has three Ca(2+) binding sites (sites 1, 2 and 3), with Ca(2+) at site 2 being directly involved in ligand binding. Following endocytosis, the ligands are released from ASGP-R in endosomes to allow receptor recycling to the cell membrane. Although dissociation of the receptor-ligand complex is mediated by the acidic environment within the mature endosomes, many of these complexes also dissociate in the early time of endocytosis, where pH is approximately neutral. To investigate the mechanism of ligand release from ASGP-R in early endosomes, we examined the binding mode of Ca(2+) and ligands to ASGP-R CRD by NMR. We demonstrate that sites 1 and 2 of ASGP-R are high affinity Ca(2+) binding sites, site 3 is low affinity, and that Ca(2+) ions bind to sites 1 and 2 cooperatively. The pH and Ca(2+) concentration dependences of Ca(2+) binding states indicated that early endosome conditions favor apo-ASGP-R CRD, allowing ligand release. Our results elucidated that the cooperative binding mode of Ca(2+) makes it possible for ASGP-R to be more sensitive to Ca(2+) concentrations in early endosomes, and plays an important role in the efficient release of ligand from ASGP-R. In our proposed mechanism, ASGP-R can rapidly release Ca(2+) and its ligand even at nearly neutral pH. Sequence comparisons of endocytic C-type lectin receptors suggest that this mechanism is common in their family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuo Onizuka
- Research and Development Department, Japan Biological Informatics Consortium, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Campi G, Mari A, Amenitsch H, Pifferi A, Cannas C, Suber L. Monitoring early stages of silver particle formation in a polymer solution by in situ and time resolved small angle X-ray scattering. NANOSCALE 2010; 2:2447-2455. [PMID: 20938556 DOI: 10.1039/c0nr00390e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Silver particles have been prepared by reduction of silver nitrate with ascorbic acid in acidic aqueous solution containing a low concentration of a commercial polynaphthalene sulfonate polymer (Daxad 19) as dispersant agent. The reduction has been induced and controlled by the slow addition of ascorbic acid at a fixed rate; in this way, we were able to monitor the formation of a silver crystalline colloidal dispersion by in situ and time resolved Small Angle X-ray Scattering measurements. Modeling the scattering intensity with interacting spherical particles in a polymer-Ag like-fractal template allowed us to distinguish different stages involving liquid-like ordered cluster nucleation, cluster growth up to primary particle formation and particle coalescence. Between primary particle formation and particle coalescence, we observed the occurrence of a transient phase of core-shell type structures having primary particles as stable cores in expanding shells built by the organic polymer. We discuss these results in a twofold perspective pertaining both to technology, relative to controlled fabrication of metal nanoparticles and to basic chemical physics, dealing with non standard stepwise crystallization from solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Campi
- CNR-Istituto di Cristallografia, Via Salaria, Km 29.300, Monterotondo Stazione, RM I-00015, Italy.
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15
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Byla P, Andersen MH, Holtet TL, Jacobsen H, Munch M, Gad HH, Thøgersen HC, Hartmann R. Selection of a novel and highly specific tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) antagonist: insight from the crystal structure of the antagonist-TNFalpha complex. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:12096-100. [PMID: 20179326 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.063305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) is a favorable way of treating several important diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn disease, and psoriasis. Therefore, an extensive range of TNFalpha inhibitory proteins, most of them based upon an antibody scaffold, has been developed and used with variable success as therapeutics. We have developed a novel technology platform using C-type lectins as a vehicle for the creation of novel trimeric therapeutic proteins with increased avidity and unique properties as compared with current protein therapeutics. We chose human TNFalpha as a test target to validate this new technology because of the extensive experience available with protein-based TNFalpha antagonists. Here, we present a novel and highly specific TNFalpha antagonist developed using this technology. Furthermore, we have solved the three-dimensional structure of the antagonist-TNFalpha complex by x-ray crystallography, and this structure is presented here. The structure has given us a unique insight into how the selection procedure works at a molecular level. Surprisingly little change is observed in the C-type lectin-like domain structure outside of the randomized regions, whereas a substantial change is observed within the randomized loops. Thus, the overall integrity of the C-type lectin-like domain is maintained, whereas specificity and binding affinity are changed by the introduction of a number of specific contacts with TNFalpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Povilas Byla
- Centre for Structural Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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16
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Breukels V, Vuister GW. Binding of calcium is sensed structurally and dynamically throughout the second calcium-binding domain of the sodium/calcium exchanger. Proteins 2010; 78:1813-24. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.22695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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17
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Glycosaminoglycans from earthworms (Eisenia andrei). Glycoconj J 2009; 27:249-57. [PMID: 20013352 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-009-9273-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2009] [Revised: 11/26/2009] [Accepted: 11/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The whole tissue of the earthworm (Eisenia andrei) was lyophilized and extracted to purify glycosaminoglycans. Fractions, eluting from an anion-exchange column at 1.0 M and 2.0 M NaCl, showed the presence of acidic polysaccharides on agarose gel electrophoresis. Monosaccharide compositional analysis showed that galactose and glucose were most abundant monosaccharides in both fractions. Depolymerization of the polysaccharide mixture with glycosaminoglycan-degrading enzymes confirmed the presence of chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate in the 2.0 M NaCl fraction. The content of GAGs (uronic acid containing polysaccharide) in the 2.0 M NaCl fraction determined by carbazole assay was 2%. Disaccharide compositional analysis using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) analysis after chondroitinase digestion (ABC and ACII), showed that the chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate contained a 4-O-sulfo (76%), 2,4-di-O-sulfo (15%), 6-O-sulfo (6%), and unsulfated (4%) uronic acid linked N-acetylgalactosamine residues. LC-ESI-MS analysis of heparin lyase I/II/III digests demonstrated the presence of N-sulfo (69%), N-sulfo-6-O-sulfo (25%) and 2-O-sulfo-N-sulfo-6-O-sulfo (5%) uronic acid linked N-acetylglucosamine residues.
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Popescu DC, Smulders MMJ, Pichon BP, Chebotareva N, Kwak SY, van Asselen OLJ, Sijbesma RP, DiMasi E, Sommerdijk NAJM. Template adaptability is key in the oriented crystallization of CaCO3. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:14058-67. [PMID: 17944471 DOI: 10.1021/ja075875t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In CaCO3, biomineralization nucleation and growth of the crystals are related to the presence of carboxylate-rich proteins within a macromolecular matrix, often with organized beta-sheet domains. To understand the interplay between the organic template and the mineral crystal it is important to explicitly address the issue of structural adaptation of the template during mineralization. To this end we have developed a series of self-organizing surfactants (1-4) consisting of a dodecyl chain connected via a bisureido-heptylene unit to an amino acid head group. In Langmuir monolayers the spacing of these molecules in one direction is predetermined by the hydrogen-bonding distances between the bis-urea units. In the other direction, the intermolecular distance is determined by steric interactions introduced by the side groups (-R) of the amino acid moiety. Thus, by the choice of the amino acid we can systematically alter the density of the surfactant molecules in a monolayer and their ability to respond to the presence of calcium ions. The monolayer films are characterized by surface pressure-surface area (pi-A) isotherms, Brewster angle microscopy, in-situ synchrotron X-ray scattering at fixed surface area, and also infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) of films transferred to solid substrates. The developing crystals are studied with scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and crystal modeling. The results demonstrate that although all compounds are active in the nucleation of calcium carbonate, habit modification is only observed when the size of the side group allows the molecules to rearrange and adapt their organization in response to the mineral phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela C Popescu
- Laboratory for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Abstract
The superfamily of proteins containing C-type lectin-like domains (CTLDs) is a large group of extracellular Metazoan proteins with diverse functions. The CTLD structure has a characteristic double-loop ('loop-in-a-loop') stabilized by two highly conserved disulfide bridges located at the bases of the loops, as well as a set of conserved hydrophobic and polar interactions. The second loop, called the long loop region, is structurally and evolutionarily flexible, and is involved in Ca2+-dependent carbohydrate binding and interaction with other ligands. This loop is completely absent in a subset of CTLDs, which we refer to as compact CTLDs; these include the Link/PTR domain and bacterial CTLDs. CTLD-containing proteins (CTLDcps) were originally classified into seven groups based on their overall domain structure. Analyses of the superfamily representation in several completely sequenced genomes have added 10 new groups to the classification, and shown that it is applicable only to vertebrate CTLDcps; despite the abundance of CTLDcps in the invertebrate genomes studied, the domain architectures of these proteins do not match those of the vertebrate groups. Ca2+-dependent carbohydrate binding is the most common CTLD function in vertebrates, and apparently the ancestral one, as suggested by the many humoral defense CTLDcps characterized in insects and other invertebrates. However, many CTLDs have evolved to specifically recognize protein, lipid and inorganic ligands, including the vertebrate clade-specific snake venoms, and fish antifreeze and bird egg-shell proteins. Recent studies highlight the functional versatility of this protein superfamily and the CTLD scaffold, and suggest further interesting discoveries have yet to be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex N Zelensky
- Computational Proteomics and Therapy Design Group, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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