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Jiang C, Meng A, Shi X, Fu Z, Wang Y, Zhou J, Zhang X, Liu C. Preparation of antioxidant peptides from yak skin gelatin and their protective effect on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. Food Funct 2024; 15:7961-7973. [PMID: 38982985 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00458b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
We herein report a study on the antioxidant peptides that show potential in alleviating myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MI/RI). Yak skin gelatin fraction Ac (YSG-Ac), obtained through ultrafiltration and gel filtration with Sephadex G-15, exhibits a favorable nutrient composition, high foaming capacity and stability, and resistance against gastrointestinal digestion. LC-MS/MS analysis reveals that YSG-Ac contains 26 peptide segments with sequence lengths of 8 to 12 amino acids. Online screening suggests that the antioxidant capacity of YSG-Ac is mainly attributed to the presence of hydrophobic and antioxidant amino acids. In vitro, our results demonstrate the MI/RI protective effects of YSG-Ac by effectively repairing H2O2-induced oxidative damage in H9c2 cells, which is achieved by inhibiting malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and increasing glutathione peroxidase (GSH-pX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. In vivo, our results further confirm the effectiveness of YSG-Ac in narrowing the area of myocardial infarction, decreasing MDA levels, increasing SOD activity, and reducing the content of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in a mouse MI/RI model. Molecular docking analysis indicates that PGADGQPGAK with xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) and GAAGPTGPIGS with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) exhibit strong bonding capability, and other related targets also show certain binding ability toward YSG-Ac. This suggests that YSG-Ac can regulate MI/RI through multiple targets and pathways. Overall, our findings highlight the potential of YSG-Ac as a functional food ingredient with antioxidant and MI/RI protective characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongning Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian New Town, Tangshan, 063210 Hebei Province, China.
| | - Aiguo Meng
- Affiliated Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian New Town, Tangshan, 063210 Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiaoyu Shi
- School of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian New Town, Tangshan, 063210 Hebei Province, China.
| | - Zhiping Fu
- School of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian New Town, Tangshan, 063210 Hebei Province, China.
| | - Yali Wang
- School of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian New Town, Tangshan, 063210 Hebei Province, China.
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian New Town, Tangshan, 063210 Hebei Province, China.
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Hebei General Hospital, No. 348 Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang City, 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian New Town, Tangshan, 063210 Hebei Province, China.
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Korsmo HW, Ekperikpe US, Daehn IS. Emerging Roles of Xanthine Oxidoreductase in Chronic Kidney Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:712. [PMID: 38929151 PMCID: PMC11200862 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Xanthine Oxidoreductase (XOR) is a ubiquitous, essential enzyme responsible for the terminal steps of purine catabolism, ultimately producing uric acid that is eliminated by the kidneys. XOR is also a physiological source of superoxide ion, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide, which can function as second messengers in the activation of various physiological pathways, as well as contribute to the development and the progression of chronic conditions including kidney diseases, which are increasing in prevalence worldwide. XOR activity can promote oxidative distress, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation through the biological effects of reactive oxygen species; nitric oxide and uric acid are the major products of XOR activity. However, the complex relationship of these reactions in disease settings has long been debated, and the environmental influences and genetics remain largely unknown. In this review, we give an overview of the biochemistry, biology, environmental, and current clinical impact of XOR in the kidney. Finally, we highlight recent genetic studies linking XOR and risk for kidney disease, igniting enthusiasm for future biomarker development and novel therapeutic approaches targeting XOR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ilse S. Daehn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1243, New York, NY 10029, USA
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3
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Zhang Q, Zhang L, Lin G, Luo F. The protective role of vagus nerve stimulation in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30952. [PMID: 38770302 PMCID: PMC11103530 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) encompasses the damage resulting from the restoration of blood supply following tissue ischemia. This phenomenon commonly occurs in clinical scenarios such as hemorrhagic shock, severe trauma, organ transplantation, and thrombolytic therapy. Despite its prevalence, existing treatments exhibit limited efficacy against IRI. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a widely utilized technique for modulating the autonomic nervous system. Numerous studies have demonstrated that VNS significantly reduces IRI in various organs, including the heart, brain, and liver. This article reviews the pathological processes during IRI and summarizes the role and possible mechanisms of VNS in IRI of different organs. Furthermore, this review addresses the current challenges of VNS clinical applications, providing a novel perspective on IRI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Guoqiang Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Fanyan Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
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4
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Packer M. Hyperuricemia and Gout Reduction by SGLT2 Inhibitors in Diabetes and Heart Failure: JACC Review Topic of the Week. J Am Coll Cardiol 2024; 83:371-381. [PMID: 38199714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Gout is characterized by increased production of purines (through the pentose phosphate pathway), which is coupled with reduced renal or intestinal excretion of urate. Concurrent upregulation of nutrient surplus signaling (mammalian target of rapamycin and hypoxia-inducible factor-1a) and downregulation of nutrient deprivation signaling (sirtuin-1 and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase) redirects glucose toward anabolic pathways (rather than adenosine triphosphate production), thus promoting heightened oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte and proximal tubular dysfunction, leading to cardiomyopathy and kidney disease. Hyperuricemia is a marker (rather than a driver) of these cellular stresses. By inducing a state of starvation mimicry in a state of nutrient surplus, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors decrease flux through the pentose phosphate pathway (thereby attenuating purine and urate synthesis) while promoting renal urate excretion. These convergent actions exert a meaningful effect to lower serum uric acid by ≈0.6 to 1.5 mg/dL and to reduce the risk of gout by 30% to 50% in large-scale clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA; Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
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Ghatak S, Hemann C, Boslett J, Singh K, Sharma A, El Masry MS, Abouhashem AS, Ghosh N, Mathew-Steiner SS, Roy S, Zweier JL, Sen CK. Bacterial Pyocyanin Inducible Keratin 6A Accelerates Closure of Epithelial Defect under Conditions of Mitochondrial Dysfunction. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:2052-2064.e5. [PMID: 37044260 PMCID: PMC10529774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.03.1671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Repair of epithelial defect is complicated by infection and related metabolites. Pyocyanin (PYO) is one such metabolite that is secreted during Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Keratinocyte (KC) migration is required for the closure of skin epithelial defects. This work sought to understand PYO-KC interaction and its significance in tissue repair. Stable Isotope Labeling by Amino acids in Cell culture proteomics identified mitochondrial dysfunction as the top pathway responsive to PYO exposure in human KCs. Consistently, functional studies showed mitochondrial stress, depletion of reducing equivalents, and adenosine triphosphate. Strikingly, despite all stated earlier, PYO markedly accelerated KC migration. Investigation of underlying mechanisms revealed, to our knowledge, a previously unreported function of keratin 6A in KCs. Keratin 6A was PYO inducible and accelerated closure of epithelial defect. Acceleration of closure was associated with poor quality healing, including compromised expression of apical junction proteins. This work recognizes keratin 6A for its role in enhancing KC migration under conditions of threat posed by PYO. Qualitatively deficient junctional proteins under conditions of defensive acceleration of KC migration explain why an infected wound close with deficient skin barrier function as previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadip Ghatak
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Craig Hemann
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - James Boslett
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kanhaiya Singh
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Anu Sharma
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Mohamed S El Masry
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Ahmed Safwat Abouhashem
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Nandini Ghosh
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Shomita S Mathew-Steiner
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Sashwati Roy
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jay L Zweier
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Chandan K Sen
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
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Matsuoka M, Yamaguchi J, Kinoshita K. Clinical Significance of Elevated Xanthine Dehydrogenase Levels and Hyperuricemia in Patients with Sepsis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13857. [PMID: 37762160 PMCID: PMC10530551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient outcomes for severe sepsis and septic shock remain poor. Excessive oxidative stress accelerates organ dysfunction in severe acute illnesses. Uric acid (UA) is the most abundant antioxidant. We hypothesized that UA and related molecules, which play a critical role in antioxidant activity, might be markers of oxidative stress in sepsis. The study aimed to clarify the clinical significance of UA and the relationship between UA, molecules related to UA, and outcomes by measuring blood UA, xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH), and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels over time. Blood UA levels in septic patients were correlated with the SOFA score (ρ = 0.36, p < 0.0001) and blood XDH levels (ρ = 0.27, p < 0.0001). Blood XDH levels were correlated with the SOFA score (ρ = 0.59, p < 0.0001) and blood 8-OHdG levels (ρ = -0.32, p < 0.0001). Blood XDH levels were persistently high in fatal cases. Blood XDH level (OR 8.84, 95% CI: 1.42-91.2, p = 0.018) was an independent factor of poor outcomes. The cutoff of blood XDH level was 1.38 ng/mL (sensitivity 92.8%, specificity 61.9%), and those 1.38 ng/mL or higher were associated with a significantly reduced survival rate (blood XDH level > 1.38 ng/mL: 23.7%, blood XDH level < 1.38 ng/mL: 96.3%, respectively, p = 0.0007). Elevated UA levels due to elevated blood XDH levels in sepsis cases may reduce oxidative stress. Countermeasures against increased oxidative stress in sepsis may provide new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Junko Yamaguchi
- Division of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Acute Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Oyaguchi Kami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (M.M.); (K.K.)
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7
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Sánchez-Pérez P, Mata A, Torp MK, López-Bernardo E, Heiestad CM, Aronsen JM, Molina-Iracheta A, Jiménez-Borreguero LJ, García-Roves P, Costa ASH, Frezza C, Murphy MP, Stenslokken KO, Cadenas S. Energy substrate metabolism, mitochondrial structure and oxidative stress after cardiac ischemia-reperfusion in mice lacking UCP3. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 205:244-261. [PMID: 37295539 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury may result in cardiomyocyte dysfunction. Mitochondria play a critical role in cardiomyocyte recovery after IR injury. The mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) has been proposed to reduce mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and to facilitate fatty acid oxidation. As both mechanisms might be protective following IR injury, we investigated functional, mitochondrial structural, and metabolic cardiac remodeling in wild-type mice and in mice lacking UCP3 (UCP3-KO) after IR. Results showed that infarct size in isolated perfused hearts subjected to IR ex vivo was larger in adult and old UCP3-KO mice than in equivalent wild-type mice, and was accompanied by higher levels of creatine kinase in the effluent and by more pronounced mitochondrial structural changes. The greater myocardial damage in UCP3-KO hearts was confirmed in vivo after coronary artery occlusion followed by reperfusion. S1QEL, a suppressor of superoxide generation from site IQ in complex I, limited infarct size in UCP3-KO hearts, pointing to exacerbated superoxide production as a possible cause of the damage. Metabolomics analysis of isolated perfused hearts confirmed the reported accumulation of succinate, xanthine and hypoxanthine during ischemia, and a shift to anaerobic glucose utilization, which all recovered upon reoxygenation. The metabolic response to ischemia and IR was similar in UCP3-KO and wild-type hearts, being lipid and energy metabolism the most affected pathways. Fatty acid oxidation and complex I (but not complex II) activity were equally impaired after IR. Overall, our results indicate that UCP3 deficiency promotes enhanced superoxide generation and mitochondrial structural changes that increase the vulnerability of the myocardium to IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Sánchez-Pérez
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC/UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Mata
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC/UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - May-Kristin Torp
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC/UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PB1110, N-0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elia López-Bernardo
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC/UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christina M Heiestad
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PB1110, N-0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Magnus Aronsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PB1110, N-0317, Oslo, Norway; Bjørknes College, 0456, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Luis J Jiménez-Borreguero
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28006, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo García-Roves
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907, Barcelona, Spain; Nutrition, Metabolism and Gene Therapy Group, Diabetes and Metabolism Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana S H Costa
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Center, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Christian Frezza
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Center, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Kåre-Olav Stenslokken
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PB1110, N-0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Susana Cadenas
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC/UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006, Madrid, Spain.
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Ye J, Lyu TJ, Li LY, Liu Y, Zhang H, Wang X, Xi X, Liu ZJ, Gao JQ. Ginsenoside Re attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion induced ferroptosis via miR-144-3p/SLC7A11. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 113:154681. [PMID: 36893674 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ginsenoside Re is an active component in ginseng that confers protection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Ferroptosis is a type of regulated cell death found in various diseases. PURPOSE Our study aims to investigate the role of ferroptosis and the protective mechanism of Ginsenoside Re in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. METHODS In the present study, we treated rats for five days with Ginsenoside Re, then established the myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury rat model to detect molecular implications in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion regulation and to determine the underlying mechanism. RESULTS This study identifies the mechanism behind ginsenoside Re's effect on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and its regulation of ferroptosis through miR-144-3p. Ginsenoside Re significantly reduced cardiac damage caused by ferroptosis during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and glutathione decline. To determine how Ginsenoside Re regulated ferroptosis, we isolated exosomes from VEGFR2+ endothelial progenitor cells after ischemia/reperfusion injury and performed miRNA profiling to screen the miRNAs aberrantly expressed in the process of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and ginsenoside Re treatment. We identified that miR-144-3p was upregulated in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by luciferase report and qRT-PCR. We further confirmed that the solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) was the target gene of miR-144-3p by database analysis and western blot. In comparison with ferropstatin-1, a ferroptosis inhibitor, in vivo studies confirmed that ferropstatin-1 also diminished myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury induced cardiac function damage. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that ginsenoside Re attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion induced ferroptosis via miR-144-3p/SLC7A11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Jiao Lyu
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Xi
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Zong-Jun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China; Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Putuo Central School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun-Qing Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China.
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Mohamadian M, Parsamanesh N, Chiti H, Sathyapalan T, Sahebkar A. Protective effects of curcumin on ischemia/reperfusion injury. Phytother Res 2022; 36:4299-4324. [PMID: 36123613 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a term used to describe phenomena connected to the dysfunction of various tissue damage due to reperfusion after ischemic injury. While I/R may result in systemic inflammatory response syndrome or multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, there is still a long way to improve therapeutic outcomes. A number of cellular metabolic and ultrastructural alterations occur by prolonged ischemia. Ischemia increases the expression of proinflammatory gene products and bioactive substances within the endothelium, such as cytokines, leukocytes, and adhesion molecules, even as suppressing the expression of other "protective" gene products and substances, such as thrombomodulin and constitutive nitric oxide synthase (e.g., prostacyclin, nitric oxide [NO]). Curcumin is the primary phenolic pigment derived from turmeric, the powdered rhizome of Curcuma longa. Numerous studies have shown that curcumin has strong antiinflammatory and antioxidant characteristics. It also prevents lipid peroxidation and scavenges free radicals like superoxide anion, singlet oxygen, NO, and hydroxyl. In our study, we highlight the mechanisms of protective effects of curcumin against I/R injury in various organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Mohamadian
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Negin Parsamanesh
- Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hossein Chiti
- Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Department of Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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10
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Schildknecht S, von Kriegsheim A, Vujacic-Mirski K, Di Lisa F, Ullrich V, Daiber A. Recovery of reduced thiol groups by superoxide-mediated denitrosation of nitrosothiols. Redox Biol 2022; 56:102439. [PMID: 35995009 PMCID: PMC9420518 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrosation of critical thiols has been elaborated as reversible posttranslational modification with regulatory function in multiple disorders. Reversibility of S-nitrosation is generally associated with enzyme-mediated one-electron reductions, catalyzed by the thioredoxin system, or by nitrosoglutathione reductase. In the present study, we confirm previous evidence for a non-enzymatic de-nitrosation of nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) by superoxide. The interaction leads to the release of nitric oxide that subsequently interacts with a second molecule of superoxide (O2•-) to form peroxynitrite. Despite the formation of peroxynitrite, approximately 40-70% of GSNO yielded reduced glutathione (GSH), depending on the applied analytical assay. The concept of O2•- dependent denitrosation was then applied to S-nitrosated enzymes. S-nitrosation of isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH; NADP+-dependent) was accompanied by an inhibition of the enzyme and could be reversed by dithiothreitol. Treatment of nitrosated ICDH with O2•- indicated ca. 50% recovery of enzyme activity. Remaining inhibition was largely consequence of oxidative modifications evoked either by O2•- or by peroxynitrite. Recovery of activity in S-nitrosated enzymes by O2•- appears relevant only for selected examples. In contrast, recovery of reduced glutathione from the interaction of GSNO with O2•- could represent a mechanism to regain reducing equivalents in situations of excess O2•- formation, e.g. in the reperfusion phase after ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schildknecht
- Albstadt-Sigmaringen University, Faculty of Life Sciences, 72488, Sigmaringen, Germany.
| | | | - Ksenija Vujacic-Mirski
- Center for Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Fabio Di Lisa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Andreas Daiber
- Center for Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131, Mainz, Germany; Partner Site Rhine-Main, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
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Kajana V, Massaro G, Somaschini A, Cornara S, Demarchi A, Nardella E, Nicoletti A, Sangiorgi GM, Mandurino-Mirizzi A. Serum uric acid in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: An innocent bystander or leading actor? Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:1583-1589. [PMID: 35597708 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Elevated serum uric acid (SUA) levels have been associated with several cardiovascular risk factors and the progression of coronary artery disease. In the setting of acute myocardial infarction, increasing evidence suggests that high SUA levels could be related to adverse outcomes. Interestingly elevated SUA levels have been linked to endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and oxidative stress. The aim of this review is to discuss the potential negative effects of SUA in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention, analyzing the possible underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilma Kajana
- Division of Cardiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gianluca Massaro
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Somaschini
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, San Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | - Stefano Cornara
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, San Paolo Hospital, Savona, Italy
| | | | - Elisabetta Nardella
- Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Nicoletti
- Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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12
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Rodriguez-Iturbe B, Johnson RJ, Lanaspa MA, Nakagawa T, Garcia-Arroyo FE, Sánchez-Lozada LG. Sirtuin deficiency and the adverse effects of fructose and uric acid synthesis. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2022; 322:R347-R359. [PMID: 35271385 PMCID: PMC8993531 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00238.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fructose metabolism and hyperuricemia have been shown to drive insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, hepatic steatosis, hypertension, inflammation, and innate immune reactivity in experimental studies. We suggest that these adverse effects are at least in part the result of suppressed activity of sirtuins, particularly Sirtuin1. Deficiency of sirtuin deacetylations is a consequence of reduced bioavailability of its cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Uric acid-induced inflammation and oxidative stress consume NAD+ and activation of the polyol pathway of fructose and uric acid synthesis also reduces the NAD+-to-NADH ratio. Variability in the compensatory regeneration of NAD+ could result in variable recovery of sirtuin activity that may explain the inconsistent benefits of treatments directed to reduce uric acid in clinical trials. Here, we review the pathogenesis of the metabolic dysregulation driven by hyperuricemia and their potential relationship with sirtuin deficiency. In addition, we discuss therapeutic options directed to increase NAD+ and sirtuins activity that may improve the adverse effects resulting from fructose and uric acid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Rodriguez-Iturbe
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán," Mexico City, Mexico
- Departments of Cardio-Renal Physiopathology Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chavez," Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Richard J Johnson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado
- Kidney Disease Division, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Colorado
| | - Miguel A Lanaspa
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | | | - Fernando E Garcia-Arroyo
- Departments of Cardio-Renal Physiopathology Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chavez," Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura G Sánchez-Lozada
- Departments of Cardio-Renal Physiopathology Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chavez," Mexico City, Mexico
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13
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Bai L, Jiang Y, Xia D, Wei Z, Spinney R, Dionysiou DD, Minakata D, Xiao R, Xie HB, Chai L. Response to Comment on "Mechanistic Understanding of Superoxide Radical-Mediated Degradation of Perfluorocarboxylic Acids". ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:5289-5291. [PMID: 35320677 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Bai
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Deming Xia
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zongsu Wei
- Centre for Water Technology (WATEC) & Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Hangøvej 2, Aarhus N DK-8200, Denmark
| | - Richard Spinney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Daisuke Minakata
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Ruiyang Xiao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Hong-Bin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Liyuan Chai
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
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14
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Hira K, Sharma P, Mahale A, Prakash Kulkarni O, Sajeli Begum A. Cyclo(Val-Pro) and Cyclo(Leu-Hydroxy-Pro) from Pseudomonas sp. (ABS-36) alleviates acute and chronic renal injury under in vitro and in vivo models (Ischemic reperfusion and unilateral ureter obstruction). Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 103:108494. [PMID: 34973530 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to identify small molecules having potentiality in alleviating renal injury. Two natural compounds cyclo(Val-Pro) (1) and cyclo(Leu-Hydroxy-Pro) (2) were first evaluated under acute renal injury model of ischemic reperfusion at different doses of 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg body weight. Further, the compounds were subjected to antimycin A-induced ischemic in vitro study (NRK-52E cell lines). Both the compounds significantly decreased plasma IL-1β levels (P < 0.05). Also, the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) and renal injury markers (KIM-1, NGAL, α-GST and π-GST) in the renal tissues were significantly alleviated (P < 0.01) along with the improvement in histological damage and control over neutrophil infiltration as a result of ischemic reperfusion. The in vitro study revealed the protective effect against antimycin A-induced cytotoxicity (P < 0.05) and antiapoptotic effect acting through the regulation of Bax, caspase 3 (pro and cleaved) and BCL2 with reduction in Annexin+PI+ cells. Further, the compound cyclo(Val-Pro) (1) was evaluated (50 mg/kg body weight dose) in chronic unilateral ureter obstruction model of renal injury in mice and TGF-β-induced in vitro fibrotic model (NRK-49F cell lines). Cyclo(Val-Pro) (1) significantly reduced the expression levels of fibrotic markers (collagen-1, α-SMA and TGF-β) and showed marked alleviation of renal fibrosis (sirius red staining). Also, the proliferation of TGF-β-induced NRK-49F cells was significantly reduced along with decreased levels of collagen-1 and α-SMA in immunohistochemistry studies. In conclusion, the compounds significantly abrogated ischemic injury by inhibiting renal inflammation and tubular epithelial apoptosis. Further, cyclo (Val-Pro) (1) exhibited significant anti-fibrotic activity through the inhibition of fibroblast activation and proliferation. Thus, these proline-based cyclic dipeptides are recommended as drug leads for treating renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Hira
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science - Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana State, India
| | - Pravesh Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science - Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana State, India
| | - Ashutosh Mahale
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science - Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana State, India
| | - Onkar Prakash Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science - Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana State, India
| | - A Sajeli Begum
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science - Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana State, India.
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Deng Y, Zhang Y, Ren H. Multi-omic studies on the toxicity variations in effluents from different units of reclaimed water treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 208:117874. [PMID: 34814020 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The conventional reclaimed water technologies could not effectively remove the micropollutants. Although the health risks of these residual micropollutants have been evaluated by model calculation, few animal-based studies have been performed, which is essential for risk verification. Here, we used transcriptomic, metabolomic, and other biochemical techniques to reveal the toxicity variations of effluents from oxidation ditch (OD), coagulation tank (CT), biological aerated filter (BAF), and ultraviolet disinfection pool (UV) in a reclaimed water plant located in Nanjing, China. No evident toxicity reduction trend was observed along the treatment units. Compared with control and other three treatment unit effluents, long-term exposure to reclaimed water (UV effluent) aggravated oxidative stress in mice and induced abnormal lipid metabolism and immune response. Moreover, striking correlations were identified between multi-omic biomarkers (4 differentially expressed genes and 8 significant changes metabolites) and residual micropollutants (40 semi-volatile organic compounds and 6N-nitrosamines). Our results strongly highlight that the health risks of reclaimed water are mainly induced by the residual micropollutants, and more advanced treatments and stringent discharge standards are needed to ensure the safety of reclaimed water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
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Constitutive Oxidative Stress by SEPHS1 Deficiency Induces Endothelial Cell Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111646. [PMID: 34769076 PMCID: PMC8584027 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary function of selenophosphate synthetase (SEPHS) is to catalyze the synthesis of selenophosphate that serves as a selenium donor during selenocysteine synthesis. In eukaryotes, there are two isoforms of SEPHS (SEPHS1 and SEPHS2). Between these two isoforms, only SEPHS2 is known to contain selenophosphate synthesis activity. To examine the function of SEPHS1 in endothelial cells, we introduced targeted null mutations to the gene for SEPHS1, Sephs1, in cultured mouse 2H11 endothelial cells. SEPHS1 deficiency in 2H11 cells resulted in the accumulation of superoxide and lipid peroxide, and reduction in nitric oxide. Superoxide accumulation in Sephs1-knockout 2H11 cells is due to the induction of xanthine oxidase and NADPH oxidase activity, and due to the decrease in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and 3 (SOD3). Superoxide accumulation in 2H11 cells also led to the inhibition of cell proliferation and angiogenic tube formation. Sephs1-knockout cells were arrested at G2/M phase and showed increased gamma H2AX foci. Angiogenic dysfunction in Sephs1-knockout cells is mediated by a reduction in nitric oxide and an increase in ROS. This study shows for the first time that superoxide was accumulated by SEPHS1 deficiency, leading to cell dysfunction through DNA damage and inhibition of cell proliferation.
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Abstract
Objective. Emerging data indicate that oxidative stress is closely associated with the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The present study aimed to assess the effect of the most abundant flavonoid in the human diet quercetin (Q) on the myocardial redox status in rats with T2DM. Methods. T2DM was induced in male Wistar rats by a high caloric diet (for 14 weeks) and two streptozotocin (25 mg/kg b.w.) injections applied in four weeks of the diet, once a week for two weeks. The Q was administered intragastrically by gavage in a dose of 10 or 50 mg/kg of the body weight for 8 weeks starting from the 8th day after the last streptozotocin injection. The control rats received citrate buffer and seven days after the last STZ injection, basal glucose levels were measured in all animals. Results. Administration of Q increased insulin sensitivity in diabetic rats with more pronounced effect at a dose of 50 mg/kg b.w. The Q also decreased free radical oxidation in the heart mitochondria of diabetic animals, thus limiting the formation of advanced oxidation protein products in a dose-dependent manner and normalized the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase) in cardiac mitochondria independently of the dose used. In addition, the Q in both doses prevented the development of oxidative stress in the T2DM rats cardiomyocytes by reducing NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase activities. Conclusions. The findings demonstrate that Q in both doses 10 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg can protect from the development of oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes in the diabetic rats. The present data indicate that the use of Q may contribute to the amelioration of cardiovascular risk in patients with T2DM.
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18
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Sex dependent differences in oxidative stress in the heart of rats with type 2 diabetes. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj93.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Garrido C, Leimkühler S. The Inactivation of Human Aldehyde Oxidase 1 by Hydrogen Peroxide and Superoxide. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 49:729-735. [PMID: 34183377 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian aldehyde oxidases (AOX) are molybdo-flavoenzymes of pharmacological and pathophysiologic relevance that are involved in phase I drug metabolism and, as a product of their enzymatic activity, are also involved in the generation of reactive oxygen species. So far, the physiologic role of aldehyde oxidase 1 in the human body remains unknown. The human enzyme hAOX1 is characterized by a broad substrate specificity, oxidizing aromatic/aliphatic aldehydes into their corresponding carboxylic acids, and hydroxylating various heteroaromatic rings. The enzyme uses oxygen as terminal electron acceptor to produce hydrogen peroxide and superoxide during turnover. Since hAOX1 and, in particular, some natural variants produce not only H2O2 but also high amounts of superoxide, we investigated the effect of both ROS molecules on the enzymatic activity of hAOX1 in more detail. We compared hAOX1 to the high-O2 .--producing natural variant L438V for their time-dependent inactivation with H2O2/O2 .- during substrate turnover. We show that the inactivation of the hAOX1 wild-type enzyme is mainly based on the production of hydrogen peroxide, whereas for the variant L438V, both hydrogen peroxide and superoxide contribute to the time-dependent inactivation of the enzyme during turnover. Further, the level of inactivation was revealed to be substrate-dependent: using substrates with higher turnover numbers resulted in a faster inactivation of the enzymes. Analysis of the inactivation site of the enzyme identified a loss of the terminal sulfido ligand at the molybdenum active site by the produced ROS during turnover. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This work characterizes the substrate-dependent inactivation of human aldehyde oxidase 1 under turnover by reactive oxygen species and identifies the site of inactivation. The role of ROS in the inhibition of human aldehyde oxidase 1 will have a high impact on future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Garrido
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Molecular Enzymology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Silke Leimkühler
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Molecular Enzymology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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20
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Mandurino-Mirizzi A, Kajana V, Cornara S, Somaschini A, Demarchi A, Galazzi M, Crimi G, Ferlini M, Camporotondo R, Gnecchi M, Ferrario M, Oltrona-Visconti L, De Ferrari GM. Elevated serum uric acid is a predictor of contrast associated acute kidney injury in patient with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:2140-2143. [PMID: 34039505 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contrast associated-acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) has been associated with adverse outcomes after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, early markers of CA-AKI are still needed to improve risk stratification. We investigated the association between elevated serum uric acid (eSUA) and CA-AKI in patients with STEMI treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). METHODS AND RESULTS Serum creatinine (Scr) was measured at admission and 24, 48 and 72 h after pPCI. CA-AKI was defined as an increase of 25% (CA-AKI 25%) or 0.5 mg/dl (CA-AKI 0.5) of Scr level above the baseline after 48 h following contrast administration. Multivariable analyses to investigate CA-AKI predictors were performed by binary logistic regression and multivariable backward logistic regression model. In the 3023 patients considered, CA-AKI was more frequent among patients with eSUA as compared with patients with normal SUA levels, considering both CA-AKI definitions (CA-AKI25%: 20.8% vs 16.2%, p < 0.012; CA-AKI 0.5: 10.1% vs 5.8%, p < 0.001). The association between eSUA and CA-AKI was confirmed at multivariable analyses (CA-AKI 25%: odd ratio 1.32, 95% CI 1.03-1.69, p = 0.027; CA-AKI 0.5: odd ratio 1.76, 95% CI 1.11-2.79, p = 0.016). CONCLUSION Elevated serum uric acid is associated with CA-AKI after reperfusion in patients with STEMI treated with pPCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Mandurino-Mirizzi
- Division of Cardiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Vilma Kajana
- Division of Cardiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Cornara
- Division of Cardiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alberto Somaschini
- Division of Cardiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Demarchi
- Division of Cardiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Galazzi
- Division of Cardiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gabriele Crimi
- Division of Cardiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Department, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Ferlini
- Division of Cardiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Rita Camporotondo
- Coronary Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Gnecchi
- University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Coronary Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ferrario
- Division of Cardiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Gaetano M De Ferrari
- University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Department, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genova, Italy
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21
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Carcy R, Cougnon M, Poet M, Durandy M, Sicard A, Counillon L, Blondeau N, Hauet T, Tauc M, F Pisani D. Targeting oxidative stress, a crucial challenge in renal transplantation outcome. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 169:258-270. [PMID: 33892115 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Disorders characterized by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) are the most common causes of debilitating diseases and death in stroke, cardiovascular ischemia, acute kidney injury or organ transplantation. In the latter example the I/R step defines both the amplitude of the damages to the graft and the functional recovery outcome. During transplantation the kidney is subjected to blood flow arrest followed by a sudden increase in oxygen supply at the time of reperfusion. This essential clinical protocol causes massive oxidative stress which is at the basis of cell death and tissue damage. The involvement of both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxides (NO) has been shown to be a major cause of these cellular damages. In fact, in non-physiological situations, these species escape endogenous antioxidant control and dangerously accumulate in cells. In recent years, the objective has been to find clinical and pharmacological treatments to reduce or prevent the appearance of oxidative stress in ischemic pathologies. This is very relevant because, due to the increasing success of organ transplantation, clinicians are required to use limit organs, the preservation of which against oxidative stress is crucial for a better outcome. This review highlights the key actors in oxidative stress which could represent new pharmacological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Carcy
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, LP2M, Nice, France; CHU Nice, Hôpital Pasteur 2, Service de Réanimation Polyvalente et Service de Réanimation des Urgences Vitales, Nice, France; Laboratories of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice, France
| | - Marc Cougnon
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, LP2M, Nice, France; Laboratories of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice, France
| | - Mallorie Poet
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, LP2M, Nice, France; Laboratories of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice, France
| | - Manon Durandy
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, LP2M, Nice, France; Laboratories of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice, France
| | - Antoine Sicard
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, LP2M, Nice, France; Laboratories of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice, France; CHU Nice, Hôpital Pasteur 2, Service de Néphrologie-Dialyse-Transplantation, Nice, France; Clinical Research Unit of Université Côte d'Azur (UMR2CA), France
| | - Laurent Counillon
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, LP2M, Nice, France; Laboratories of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice, France
| | | | - Thierry Hauet
- Université de Poitiers, INSERM, IRTOMIT, CHU de Poitiers, La Milétrie, Poitiers, France
| | - Michel Tauc
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, LP2M, Nice, France; Laboratories of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice, France
| | - Didier F Pisani
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, LP2M, Nice, France; Laboratories of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice, France.
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22
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Role of Oxidative Stress in Reperfusion following Myocardial Ischemia and Its Treatments. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6614009. [PMID: 34055195 PMCID: PMC8149218 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6614009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia is a disease with high morbidity and mortality, for which reperfusion is currently the standard intervention. However, the reperfusion may lead to further myocardial damage, known as myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI). Oxidative stress is one of the most important pathological mechanisms in reperfusion injury, which causes apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation, and some other damage in cardiomyocytes through multiple pathways, thus causing irreversible cardiomyocyte damage and cardiac dysfunction. This article reviews the pathological mechanisms of oxidative stress involved in reperfusion injury and the interventions for different pathways and targets, so as to form systematic treatments for oxidative stress-induced myocardial reperfusion injury and make up for the lack of monotherapy.
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Ferreira-Silva M, Faria-Silva C, Baptista PV, Fernandes E, Fernandes AR, Corvo ML. Drug delivery nanosystems targeted to hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11:397-410. [PMID: 33660214 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00915-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI) is an acute inflammatory process that results from surgical interventions, such as liver resection surgery or transplantation, or hemorrhagic shock. This pathology has become a severe clinical issue, due to the increasing incidence of hepatic cancer and the high number of liver transplants. So far, an effective treatment has not been implemented in the clinic. Despite its importance, hepatic IRI has not attracted much interest as an inflammatory disease, and only a few reviews addressed it from a therapeutic perspective with drug delivery nanosystems. In the last decades, drug delivery nanosystems have proved to be a major asset in therapy because of their ability to optimize drug delivery, either by passive or active targeting. Passive targeting is achieved through the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, a main feature in inflammation that allows the accumulation of the nanocarriers in inflammation sites, enabling a higher efficacy of treatment than conventional therapies. These systems also can be actively targeted to specific compounds, such as inflammatory markers and overexpressed receptors in immune system intermediaries, allowing an even more specialized therapy that have already showed encouraging results. In this manuscript, we review drug delivery nanosystems designed for hepatic IRI treatment, addressing their current state in clinical trials, discussing the main hurdles that hinder their successful translation to the market and providing some suggestions that could potentially advance their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Ferreira-Silva
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catarina Faria-Silva
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Viana Baptista
- UCIBIO, Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Ramos Fernandes
- UCIBIO, Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Maria Luísa Corvo
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal.
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El-Mahdy MA, Alzarie YA, Hemann C, Badary OA, Nofal S, Zweier JL. The novel SOD mimetic GC4419 increases cancer cell killing with sensitization to ionizing radiation while protecting normal cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 160:630-642. [PMID: 32739595 PMCID: PMC7704930 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
While radiotherapy is a widely used treatment for many types of human cancer, problems of radio-resistance and side effects remain. Side effects induced by ionizing radiation (IR) arise primarily from its propensity to trigger inflammation and oxidative stress with damage of normal cells and tissues near the treatment area. The highly potent superoxide dismutase mimetic, GC4419 (Galera Therapeutics), rapidly enters cells and is highly effective in dismutating superoxide (O2•-). We performed studies to assess the potency of GC4419 in cancer killing and radio-sensitization in human lung cancer cells and normal immortalized lung cells. Treatment with GC4419 did not alter the radical generation during IR, primarily hydroxyl radical (.OH); however, it quenched the increased levels of O2•- detected in the cancer cells before and following IR. GC4419 triggered cancer cell death and inhibited cancer cell proliferation with no adverse effect on normal cells. Combination of GC4419 with IR augmented the cytotoxic effects of IR on cancer cells compared to monotherapy, while protecting normal cells from IR-induced cell death. DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 activity assays showed that combination of GC4419 with IR enhances cancer cell apoptosis. Moreover, GC4419 increased IR-induced Bax levels with decreased Bcl-2 and elevated Bax/Bcl-2 ratio following treatment. GC4419 increased TrxR activity in the normal cells but decreased activity in cancer cells, conferring increased cancer cell sensitivity to oxidative stress. In conclusion, GC4419 increases the cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic activity of IR in lung cancer cells while decreasing injury in normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A El-Mahdy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yasmin A Alzarie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; National Organization of Drug Control and Research, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Craig Hemann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Osama A Badary
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shahira Nofal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jay L Zweier
- Department of Internal Medicine, Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Gunata M, Parlakpinar H. A review of myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury: Pathophysiology, experimental models, biomarkers, genetics and pharmacological treatment. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 39:190-217. [PMID: 32892450 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are known to be the most fatal diseases worldwide. Ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is at the centre of the pathology of the most common cardiovascular diseases. According to the World Health Organization estimates, ischaemic heart disease is the leading global cause of death, causing more than 9 million deaths in 2016. After cardiovascular events, thrombolysis, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty or coronary bypass surgery are applied as treatment. However, after restoring coronary blood flow, myocardial I/R injury may occur. It is known that this damage occurs due to many pathophysiological mechanisms, especially increasing reactive oxygen types. Besides causing cardiomyocyte death through multiple mechanisms, it may be an important reason for affecting other cell types such as platelets, fibroblasts, endothelial and smooth muscle cells and immune cells. Also, polymorphonuclear leukocytes are associated with myocardial I/R damage during reperfusion. This damage may be insufficient in patients with co-morbidity, as it is demonstrated that it can be prevented by various endogenous antioxidant systems. In this context, the resulting data suggest that optimal cardioprotection may require a combination of additional or synergistic multi-target treatments. In this review, we discussed the pathophysiology, experimental models, biomarkers, treatment and its relationship with genetics in myocardial I/R injury. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: This review summarized current information on myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury (pathophysiology, experimental models, biomarkers, genetics and pharmacological therapy) for researchers and reveals guiding data for researchers, especially in the field of cardiovascular system and pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Gunata
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Hakan Parlakpinar
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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Mitochondria, the gut microbiome and ROS. Cell Signal 2020; 75:109737. [PMID: 32810578 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the connections between mitochondria and the gut microbiome provided by reactive oxygen species (ROS). We examine the mitochondrion as an endosymbiotic organelle that is a hub for energy production, signaling, and cell homeostasis. Maintaining a diverse gut microbiome is generally associated with organismal fitness, intestinal health and resistance to environmental stress. In contrast, gut microbiome imbalance, termed dysbiosis, is linked to a reduction in organismal well-being. ROS are essential signaling molecules but can be damaging when present in excess. Increasing ROS levels have been shown to influence human health, homeostasis of gut cells, and the gastrointestinal microbial community's biodiversity. Reciprocally, gut microbes can affect ROS levels, mitochondrial homeostasis, and host health. We propose that mechanistic understanding of the suite of bi-directional interactions between mitochondria and the gut microbiome will facilitate innovative interdisciplinary studies examining evolutionary divergence and provide novel treatments and therapeutics for disease. GLOSS: In this review, we focus on the nexus between mitochondria and the gut microbiome provided by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondria are a cell organelle that is derived from an ancestral alpha-proteobacteria. They generate around 80% of the adenosine triphosphate that an organism needs to function and release a range of signaling molecules essential for cellular homeostasis. The gut microbiome is a suite of microorganisms that are commensal, symbiotic and pathogenic to their host. ROS are one predominant group of essential signaling molecules that can be harmful in excess. We suggest that the mitochondria- microbiome nexus is a frontier of research that has cross-disciplinary benefits in understanding genetic divergence and human well-being.
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Free radical scavenging ability of sodium lignosulfonate and its application in food grade polypropylene. POLISH JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/pjct-2020-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Sodium lignosulfonate (SL) was prepared from waste of cotton lignin (CL) through hydrothermal reaction method. Orthogonal experiment was designed with value of OIT as objective function. Polypropylene (PP) is a polymer produced by the addition polymerization of propylene. It is a white waxy material with a transparent and light appearance, which is widely used in food and pharmaceutical packaging. The results of GPC and TG analysis revealed that SL has stable thermal properties, which means that SL has the potential to be an antioxidant for PP materials. In addition, the scavenging effects of CL and SL were studied. The obtained results exhibited that the SL can obviously increase the scavenging effect on free radicals and it is a kind of new synthetic antioxidant with antioxidant property, which could effectively delay the oxidation of PP. Subsequent rheological experiments proved that the SL/PP sample can improve the heat-resistant oxygen performance of PP under the thermal oxygen shearing environment. Combined with the effect of SL on the mechanical properties of PP before aging, SL has a stabilizing effect on PP thermal oxygen aging.
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Terao M, Garattini E, Romão MJ, Leimkühler S. Evolution, expression, and substrate specificities of aldehyde oxidase enzymes in eukaryotes. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:5377-5389. [PMID: 32144208 PMCID: PMC7170512 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev119.007741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde oxidases (AOXs) are a small group of enzymes belonging to the larger family of molybdo-flavoenzymes, along with the well-characterized xanthine oxidoreductase. The two major types of reactions that are catalyzed by AOXs are the hydroxylation of heterocycles and the oxidation of aldehydes to their corresponding carboxylic acids. Different animal species have different complements of AOX genes. The two extremes are represented in humans and rodents; whereas the human genome contains a single active gene (AOX1), those of rodents, such as mice, are endowed with four genes (Aox1-4), clustering on the same chromosome, each encoding a functionally distinct AOX enzyme. It still remains enigmatic why some species have numerous AOX enzymes, whereas others harbor only one functional enzyme. At present, little is known about the physiological relevance of AOX enzymes in humans and their additional forms in other mammals. These enzymes are expressed in the liver and play an important role in the metabolisms of drugs and other xenobiotics. In this review, we discuss the expression, tissue-specific roles, and substrate specificities of the different mammalian AOX enzymes and highlight insights into their physiological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mineko Terao
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Enrico Garattini
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Maria João Romão
- UCIBIO-Applied Biomolecular Sciences Unit, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Silke Leimkühler
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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Barzyc A, Łysik W, Słyk J, Kuszewski M, Zarębiński M, Wojciechowska M, Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska A. Reperfusion injury as a target for diminishing infarct size. Med Hypotheses 2020; 137:109558. [PMID: 31958650 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Therapies for preventing reperfusion injury (RI) have been widely studied. However, the attempts to transfer cardioprotective therapies for reducing RI from experiments into clinical practice have been so far unsuccessful. Pathophysiological mechanisms of RI are complicated and compose of many pathways e.g. hypercontracture-mediated sarcolemma rupture, mitochondrial permeability transition pore persistent opening, reactive oxygen species formation, inflammation and no-reflow phenomenon. Based on research, it cannot be determined which mechanism dominates, probably they cooperate with a domination of one or another in different clinical circumstances. Our hypothesis is, that only intervention that at the same time interferes with different (all?) pathways of RI may turn out to be effective in decreasing the final area of infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Barzyc
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - W Łysik
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Słyk
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Kuszewski
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Zarębiński
- Independent Public Specialist Western Hospital John Paul II in Grodzisk Mazowiecki, Poland
| | - M Wojciechowska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Independent Public Specialist Western Hospital John Paul II in Grodzisk Mazowiecki, Poland.
| | - A Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Yu H, Kalogeris T, Korthuis RJ. Reactive species-induced microvascular dysfunction in ischemia/reperfusion. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 135:182-197. [PMID: 30849489 PMCID: PMC6503659 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells line the inner surface of the entire cardiovascular system as a single layer and are involved in an impressive array of functions, ranging from the regulation of vascular tone in resistance arteries and arterioles, modulation of microvascular barrier function in capillaries and postcapillary venules, and control of proinflammatory and prothrombotic processes, which occur in all segments of the vascular tree but can be especially prominent in postcapillary venules. When tissues are subjected to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), the endothelium of resistance arteries and arterioles, capillaries, and postcapillary venules become dysfunctional, resulting in impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilator and enhanced endothelium-dependent vasoconstrictor responses along with increased vulnerability to thrombus formation, enhanced fluid filtration and protein extravasation, and increased blood-to-interstitium trafficking of leukocytes in these functionally distinct segments of the microcirculation. The number of capillaries open to flow upon reperfusion also declines as a result of I/R, which impairs nutritive perfusion. All of these pathologic microvascular events involve the formation of reactive species (RS) derived from molecular oxygen and/or nitric oxide. In addition to these effects, I/R-induced RS activate NLRP3 inflammasomes, alter connexin/pannexin signaling, provoke mitochondrial fission, and cause release of microvesicles in endothelial cells, resulting in deranged function in arterioles, capillaries, and venules. It is now apparent that this microvascular dysfunction is an important determinant of the severity of injury sustained by parenchymal cells in ischemic tissues, as well as being predictive of clinical outcome after reperfusion therapy. On the other hand, RS production at signaling levels promotes ischemic angiogenesis, mediates flow-induced dilation in patients with coronary artery disease, and instigates the activation of cell survival programs by conditioning stimuli that render tissues resistant to the deleterious effects of prolonged I/R. These topics will be reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Ted Kalogeris
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Ronald J Korthuis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, 134 Research Park Drive, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Hu C, Zhao L, Wu D, Li L. Modulating autophagy in mesenchymal stem cells effectively protects against hypoxia- or ischemia-induced injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:120. [PMID: 30995935 PMCID: PMC6471960 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1225-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, a basal level of autophagy, a self-eating cellular process, degrades cytosolic proteins and subcellular organelles in lysosomes to provide energy, recycles the cytoplasmic components, and regenerates cellular building blocks; thus, autophagy maintains cellular and tissue homeostasis in all eukaryotic cells. In general, adaptive autophagy increases when cells confront stressful conditions to improve the survival rate of the cells, while destructive autophagy is activated when the cellular stress is not manageable and elicits the regenerative capacity. Hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) injury and ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury initiate excessive autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and consequently induce a string of damage in mammalian tissues or organs. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy has yielded promising results in repairing H/R- or I/R-induced injury in various tissues. However, MSC transplantation in vivo must overcome the barriers including the low survival rate of transplanted stem cells, limited targeting capacity, and low grafting potency; therefore, much effort is needed to increase the survival and activity of MSCs in vivo. Modulating autophagy regulates the stemness and the anti-oxidative stress, anti-apoptosis, and pro-survival capacity of MSCs and can be applied to MSC-based therapy for repairing H/R- or I/R-induced cellular or tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingfei Zhao
- Kidney Disease Center, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Daxian Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Barzegar M, Kaur G, Gavins FNE, Wang Y, Boyer CJ, Alexander JS. Potential therapeutic roles of stem cells in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Stem Cell Res 2019; 37:101421. [PMID: 30933723 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2019.101421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/RI), produced by an initial interruption of organ blood flow and its subsequent restoration, contributes significantly to the pathophysiologies of stroke, myocardial infarction, renal I/RI, intestinal I/RI and liver I/RI, which are major causes of disability (including transplant failure) and even mortality. While the restoration of blood flow is required to restore oxygen and nutrient requirements, reperfusion often triggers local and systemic inflammatory responses and subsequently elevate the ischemic insult where the duration of ischemia determines the magnitude of I/RI damage. I/RI increases vascular leakage, changes transcriptional and cell death programs, drives leukocyte entrapment and inflammation and oxidative stress in tissues. Therapeutic approaches which reduce complications associated with I/RI are desperately needed to address the clinical and economic burden created by I/RI. Stem cells (SC) represent ubiquitous and uncommitted cell populations with the ability to self-renew and differentiate into one or more developmental 'fates'. Like immune cells, stem cells can home to and penetrate I/R-injured tissues, where they can differentiate into target tissues and induce trophic paracrine signaling which suppress injury and maintain tissue functions perturbed by ischemia-reperfusion. This review article summarizes the present use and possible protective mechanisms underlying stem cell protection in diverse forms of ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Barzegar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - G Kaur
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - F N E Gavins
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - C J Boyer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - J S Alexander
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA.
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Tejero J, Shiva S, Gladwin MT. Sources of Vascular Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Regulation. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:311-379. [PMID: 30379623 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00036.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a small free radical with critical signaling roles in physiology and pathophysiology. The generation of sufficient NO levels to regulate the resistance of the blood vessels and hence the maintenance of adequate blood flow is critical to the healthy performance of the vasculature. A novel paradigm indicates that classical NO synthesis by dedicated NO synthases is supplemented by nitrite reduction pathways under hypoxia. At the same time, reactive oxygen species (ROS), which include superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, are produced in the vascular system for signaling purposes, as effectors of the immune response, or as byproducts of cellular metabolism. NO and ROS can be generated by distinct enzymes or by the same enzyme through alternate reduction and oxidation processes. The latter oxidoreductase systems include NO synthases, molybdopterin enzymes, and hemoglobins, which can form superoxide by reduction of molecular oxygen or NO by reduction of inorganic nitrite. Enzymatic uncoupling, changes in oxygen tension, and the concentration of coenzymes and reductants can modulate the NO/ROS production from these oxidoreductases and determine the redox balance in health and disease. The dysregulation of the mechanisms involved in the generation of NO and ROS is an important cause of cardiovascular disease and target for therapy. In this review we will present the biology of NO and ROS in the cardiovascular system, with special emphasis on their routes of formation and regulation, as well as the therapeutic challenges and opportunities for the management of NO and ROS in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Tejero
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; and Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; and Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; and Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Ozel RE, Bulbul G, Perez J, Pourmand N. Functionalized Quartz Nanopipette for Intracellular Superoxide Sensing: A Tool for Monitoring Reactive Oxygen Species Levels in Single Living Cell. ACS Sens 2018; 3:1316-1321. [PMID: 29893547 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide radical anions, are vital components in numerous biological functions, including cell signaling and immune responses. Since ROS react with other biomolecules and oxidize them quickly, it is essential for cells to have superoxide-scavenging enzymes and other regulating enzymes that can catalyze the dismutation of superoxide radical anions into less damaging molecules. Otherwise, ROS overproduction can cause oxidative damage to DNA, proteins, cells, and tissues, damage that is associated with the pathogenesis of a range of neurodegenerative disorders, age-related diseases, and cancer. Understanding the relationship between superoxide and these disorders can help the development of innovative therapies for combating oxidative stress and degeneration of nerve cells. Although methods to quantify ROS already exist, they are indirect, destructive, ambiguous, and/or cannot provide real-time measurements in single cells. In this paper, we report a technique for sensing superoxide radical anions in single living cells using functionalized nanopipettes. These nanopipettes allow us to enter the cell as we measure intracellular ROS concentrations over time. We observed that these devices provide precise real-time measurements that are accurate and not possible to obtain with other conventional techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rıfat Emrah Ozel
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Gonca Bulbul
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Joanna Perez
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Nader Pourmand
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
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Ábrigo J, Elorza AA, Riedel CA, Vilos C, Simon F, Cabrera D, Estrada L, Cabello-Verrugio C. Role of Oxidative Stress as Key Regulator of Muscle Wasting during Cachexia. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2063179. [PMID: 29785242 PMCID: PMC5896211 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2063179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is a pathological condition mainly characterized by a loss of muscular mass and the contractile capacity of the skeletal muscle as a consequence of muscular weakness and decreased force generation. Cachexia is defined as a pathological condition secondary to illness characterized by the progressive loss of muscle mass with or without loss of fat mass and with concomitant diminution of muscle strength. The molecular mechanisms involved in cachexia include oxidative stress, protein synthesis/degradation imbalance, autophagy deregulation, increased myonuclear apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Oxidative stress is one of the most common mechanisms of cachexia caused by different factors. It results in increased ROS levels, increased oxidation-dependent protein modification, and decreased antioxidant system functions. In this review, we will describe the importance of oxidative stress in skeletal muscles, its sources, and how it can regulate protein synthesis/degradation imbalance, autophagy deregulation, increased myonuclear apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction involved in cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Ábrigo
- 1Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- 2Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alvaro A. Elorza
- 2Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- 3Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia A. Riedel
- 1Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- 2Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Vilos
- 4Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Targeted Delivery, Center for Integrative Medicine and Innovative Science, Faculty of Medicine, and Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- 5Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Simon
- 1Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- 2Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Cabrera
- 6Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- 7Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Biológicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lisbell Estrada
- 8Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Cabello-Verrugio
- 1Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- 2Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
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36
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Xanthine oxidoreductase and its inhibitors: relevance for gout. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 130:2167-2180. [PMID: 27798228 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is the rate-limiting enzyme in purine catabolism and converts hypoxanthine to xanthine, and xanthine into uric acid. When concentrations of uric acid exceed its biochemical saturation point, crystals of uric acid, in the form of monosodium urate, emerge and can predispose an individual to gout, the commonest form of inflammatory arthritis in men aged over 40 years. XOR inhibitors are primarily used in the treatment of gout, reducing the formation of uric acid and thereby, preventing the formation of monosodium urate crystals. Allopurinol is established as first-line therapy for gout; a newer alternative, febuxostat, is used in patients unable to tolerate allopurinol. This review provides an overview of gout, a detailed analysis of the structure and function of XOR, discussion on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of XOR inhibitors-allopurinol and febuxostat, and the relevance of XOR in common comorbidities of gout.
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37
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Kim HJ, Bae IH, Son ED, Park J, Cha N, Na HW, Jung C, Go YS, Kim DY, Lee TR, Shin DW. Transcriptome analysis of airborne PM 2.5-induced detrimental effects on human keratinocytes. Toxicol Lett 2017; 273:26-35. [PMID: 28341207 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ambient air pollution is becoming more severe worldwide, posing a serious threat to human health. Fine airborne particles of particulate matter (PM2.5) show higher cytotoxicity than other coarse fractions. Indeed, PM2.5 induces cardiovascular or respiratory damage; however, few studies have evaluated the detrimental effect of PM2.5 to normal human skin. We used a next-generation sequencing-based (RNA-Seq) method with transcriptome and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis to determine the harmful influences of PM2.5 on human normal epidermal keratinocytes. DAVID analysis showed that the most significantly enriched GO terms were associated with epidermis-related biological processes such as "epidermis development (GO: 0008544)" and "keratinocyte differentiation (GO: 0030216)", suggesting that PM2.5 has some deleterious effects to the human epidermis. In addition, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis predicted inflammation-related signaling as one of the major PM2.5-induced signaling pathways, and pro-inflammatory cytokines as upstream regulators with symptoms similar to psoriasis as downstream effects. PM2.5 caused considerable changes in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and psoriatic skin disease-related genes, might lead to epidermal dysfunctions. Our results might help to understand the mechanism of air pollution-induced skin barrier perturbation and contribute to the development of a new strategy for the prevention or recovery of the consequent damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung-June Kim
- Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Hong Bae
- Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-729, Republic of Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742 Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Dong Son
- Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyearl Park
- Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Nari Cha
- Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Won Na
- Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Changjo Jung
- Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-729, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Seak Go
- Macrogen Inc., Seoul, 08511, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Yong Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Ryong Lee
- Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-729, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Wook Shin
- Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-729, Republic of Korea.
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38
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Abstract
Ischemic disorders, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease, are the most common causes of debilitating disease and death in westernized cultures. The extent of tissue injury relates directly to the extent of blood flow reduction and to the length of the ischemic period, which influence the levels to which cellular ATP and intracellular pH are reduced. By impairing ATPase-dependent ion transport, ischemia causes intracellular and mitochondrial calcium levels to increase (calcium overload). Cell volume regulatory mechanisms are also disrupted by the lack of ATP, which can induce lysis of organelle and plasma membranes. Reperfusion, although required to salvage oxygen-starved tissues, produces paradoxical tissue responses that fuel the production of reactive oxygen species (oxygen paradox), sequestration of proinflammatory immunocytes in ischemic tissues, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and development of postischemic capillary no-reflow, which amplify tissue injury. These pathologic events culminate in opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores as a common end-effector of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced cell lysis and death. Emerging concepts include the influence of the intestinal microbiome, fetal programming, epigenetic changes, and microparticles in the pathogenesis of I/R. The overall goal of this review is to describe these and other mechanisms that contribute to I/R injury. Because so many different deleterious events participate in I/R, it is clear that therapeutic approaches will be effective only when multiple pathologic processes are targeted. In addition, the translational significance of I/R research will be enhanced by much wider use of animal models that incorporate the complicating effects of risk factors for cardiovascular disease. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:113-170, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore Kalogeris
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Christopher P. Baines
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Maike Krenz
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Ronald J. Korthuis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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39
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Sarauli D, Borowski A, Peters K, Schulz B, Fattakhova-Rohlfing D, Leimkühler S, Lisdat F. Investigation of the pH-Dependent Impact of Sulfonated Polyaniline on Bioelectrocatalytic Activity of Xanthine Dehydrogenase. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b02011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Sarauli
- Biosystems
Technology, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Hochschulring 1, D-15745, Wildau, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Butenandtstraße 5-13 (E), D-81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Anja Borowski
- Biosystems
Technology, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Hochschulring 1, D-15745, Wildau, Germany
| | - Kristina Peters
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Butenandtstraße 5-13 (E), D-81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Burkhard Schulz
- Institute
for Thin
Film and Microsensor Technologies, Kantstr. 55, D-14513 Teltow, Germany
| | - Dina Fattakhova-Rohlfing
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Butenandtstraße 5-13 (E), D-81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Silke Leimkühler
- Institute
for Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Molecular Enzymology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Fred Lisdat
- Biosystems
Technology, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Hochschulring 1, D-15745, Wildau, Germany
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40
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Subramani J, Kundumani-Sridharan V, Hilgers RHP, Owens C, Das KC. Thioredoxin Uses a GSH-independent Route to Deglutathionylate Endothelial Nitric-oxide Synthase and Protect against Myocardial Infarction. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:23374-23389. [PMID: 27587398 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.745034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversible glutathionylation plays a critical role in protecting protein function under conditions of oxidative stress generally and for endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) specifically. Glutathione-dependent glutaredoxin-mediated deglutathionylation of eNOS has been shown to confer protection in a model of heart damage termed ischemia-reperfusion injury, motivating further study of eNOS deglutathionylation in general. In this report, we present evidence for an alternative mechanism of deglutathionylation. In this pathway thioredoxin (Trx), a small cellular redox protein, is shown to rescue eNOS from glutathionylation during ischemia-reperfusion in a GSH-independent manner. By comparing mice with global overexpression of Trx and mice with cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of Trx, we demonstrate that vascular Trx-mediated deglutathionylation of eNOS protects against ischemia-reperfusion-mediated myocardial infarction. Trx deficiency in endothelial cells promoted eNOS glutathionylation and reduced its enzymatic activity, whereas increased levels of Trx led to deglutathionylated eNOS. Thioredoxin-mediated deglutathionylation of eNOS in the coronary artery in vivo protected against reperfusion injury, even in the presence of normal levels of GSH. We further show that Trx directly interacts with eNOS, and we confirmed that Cys-691 and Cys-910 are the glutathionylated sites, as mutation of these cysteines partially rescued the decrease in eNOS activity, whereas mutation of a distal site, Cys-384, did not. Collectively, this study shows for the first time that Trx is a potent deglutathionylating protein in vivo and in vitro that can deglutathionylate proteins in the presence of high levels of GSSG in conditions of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaganathan Subramani
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430
| | | | - Rob H P Hilgers
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430
| | - Cade Owens
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430
| | - Kumuda C Das
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430
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41
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Granger DN, Kvietys PR. Reperfusion injury and reactive oxygen species: The evolution of a concept. Redox Biol 2015; 6:524-551. [PMID: 26484802 PMCID: PMC4625011 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 919] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reperfusion injury, the paradoxical tissue response that is manifested by blood flow-deprived and oxygen-starved organs following the restoration of blood flow and tissue oxygenation, has been a focus of basic and clinical research for over 4-decades. While a variety of molecular mechanisms have been proposed to explain this phenomenon, excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) continues to receive much attention as a critical factor in the genesis of reperfusion injury. As a consequence, considerable effort has been devoted to identifying the dominant cellular and enzymatic sources of excess ROS production following ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Of the potential ROS sources described to date, xanthine oxidase, NADPH oxidase (Nox), mitochondria, and uncoupled nitric oxide synthase have gained a status as the most likely contributors to reperfusion-induced oxidative stress and represent priority targets for therapeutic intervention against reperfusion-induced organ dysfunction and tissue damage. Although all four enzymatic sources are present in most tissues and are likely to play some role in reperfusion injury, priority and emphasis has been given to specific ROS sources that are enriched in certain tissues, such as xanthine oxidase in the gastrointestinal tract and mitochondria in the metabolically active heart and brain. The possibility that multiple ROS sources contribute to reperfusion injury in most tissues is supported by evidence demonstrating that redox-signaling enables ROS produced by one enzymatic source (e.g., Nox) to activate and enhance ROS production by a second source (e.g., mitochondria). This review provides a synopsis of the evidence implicating ROS in reperfusion injury, the clinical implications of this phenomenon, and summarizes current understanding of the four most frequently invoked enzymatic sources of ROS production in post-ischemic tissue. Reperfusion injury is implicated in a variety of human diseases and disorders. Evidence implicating ROS in reperfusion injury continues to grow. Several enzymes are candidate sources of ROS in post-ischemic tissue. Inter-enzymatic ROS-dependent signaling enhances the oxidative stress caused by I/R. .
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Affiliation(s)
- D Neil Granger
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, United States.
| | - Peter R Kvietys
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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42
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Panieri E, Santoro MM. ROS signaling and redox biology in endothelial cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:3281-303. [PMID: 25972278 PMCID: PMC11113497 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1928-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of redox mechanisms, sources and antioxidants that control signaling events in ECs. In particular, we describe which molecules are involved in redox signaling and how they influence the relationship between ECs and other vascular component with regard to angiogenesis. Recent and new tools to investigate physiological ROS signaling will be also discussed. Such findings are providing an overview of the ROS biology relevant for endothelial cells in the context of normal and pathological angiogenic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Panieri
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo M. Santoro
- Laboratory of Endothelial Molecular Biology, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Endothelial Molecular Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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