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Cani M, Turco F, Butticè S, Vogl UM, Buttigliero C, Novello S, Capelletto E. How Does Environmental and Occupational Exposure Contribute to Carcinogenesis in Genitourinary and Lung Cancers? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2836. [PMID: 37345174 PMCID: PMC10216822 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental and occupational exposures have been associated with an increased risk of different types of cancers, although the exact mechanisms of higher carcinogenesis risk are not always well understood. Lung cancer is the leading cause of global cancer mortality, and, also, genitourinary neoplasms are among the main causes of cancer-related deaths in Western countries. The purpose of this review is to describe the main environmental and occupational factors that increase the risk of developing lung and genitourinary cancers and to investigate carcinogenesis mechanisms that link these agents to cancer onset. Further objectives are to identify methods for the prevention or the early detection of carcinogenic agents and, therefore, to reduce the risk of developing these cancers or to detect them at earlier stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Cani
- Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (M.C.); (F.T.); (C.B.); (E.C.)
| | - Fabio Turco
- Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (M.C.); (F.T.); (C.B.); (E.C.)
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Simona Butticè
- Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (M.C.); (F.T.); (C.B.); (E.C.)
| | - Ursula Maria Vogl
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Consuelo Buttigliero
- Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (M.C.); (F.T.); (C.B.); (E.C.)
| | - Silvia Novello
- Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (M.C.); (F.T.); (C.B.); (E.C.)
| | - Enrica Capelletto
- Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (M.C.); (F.T.); (C.B.); (E.C.)
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Gaspar AD, Cuddapah S. Nickel-induced alterations to chromatin structure and function. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 457:116317. [PMID: 36400264 PMCID: PMC9722551 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nickel (Ni), a heavy metal is prevalent in the atmosphere due to both natural and anthropogenic activities. Ni is a carcinogen implicated in the development of lung and nasal cancers in humans. Furthermore, Ni exposure is associated with a number of chronic lung diseases in humans including asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary edema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). While Ni compounds are weak mutagens, a number of studies have demonstrated the potential of Ni to alter the epigenome, suggesting epigenomic dysregulation as an important underlying cause for its pathogenicity. In the eukaryotic nucleus, the DNA is organized in a three-dimensional (3D) space through assembly of higher order chromatin structures. Such an organization is critically important for transcription and other biological activities. Accumulating evidence suggests that by negatively affecting various cellular regulatory processes, Ni could potentially affect chromatin organization. In this review, we discuss the role of Ni in altering the chromatin architecture, which potentially plays a major role in Ni pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Domnic Gaspar
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Suresh Cuddapah
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA.
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3
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Zhao L, Islam R, Wang Y, Zhang X, Liu LZ. Epigenetic Regulation in Chromium-, Nickel- and Cadmium-Induced Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235768. [PMID: 36497250 PMCID: PMC9737485 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental and occupational exposure to heavy metals, such as hexavalent chromium, nickel, and cadmium, are major health concerns worldwide. Some heavy metals are well-documented human carcinogens. Multiple mechanisms, including DNA damage, dysregulated gene expression, and aberrant cancer-related signaling, have been shown to contribute to metal-induced carcinogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms accounting for heavy metal-induced carcinogenesis and angiogenesis are still not fully understood. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have indicated that in addition to genotoxicity and genetic mutations, epigenetic mechanisms play critical roles in metal-induced cancers. Epigenetics refers to the reversible modification of genomes without changing DNA sequences; epigenetic modifications generally involve DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNAs. Epigenetic regulation is essential for maintaining normal gene expression patterns; the disruption of epigenetic modifications may lead to altered cellular function and even malignant transformation. Therefore, aberrant epigenetic modifications are widely involved in metal-induced cancer formation, development, and angiogenesis. Notably, the role of epigenetic mechanisms in heavy metal-induced carcinogenesis and angiogenesis remains largely unknown, and further studies are urgently required. In this review, we highlight the current advances in understanding the roles of epigenetic mechanisms in heavy metal-induced carcinogenesis, cancer progression, and angiogenesis.
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The Roles of Histone Post-Translational Modifications in the Formation and Function of a Mitotic Chromosome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158704. [PMID: 35955838 PMCID: PMC9368973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During mitosis, many cellular structures are organized to segregate the replicated genome to the daughter cells. Chromatin is condensed to shape a mitotic chromosome. A multiprotein complex known as kinetochore is organized on a specific region of each chromosome, the centromere, which is defined by the presence of a histone H3 variant called CENP-A. The cytoskeleton is re-arranged to give rise to the mitotic spindle that binds to kinetochores and leads to the movement of chromosomes. How chromatin regulates different activities during mitosis is not well known. The role of histone post-translational modifications (HPTMs) in mitosis has been recently revealed. Specific HPTMs participate in local compaction during chromosome condensation. On the other hand, HPTMs are involved in CENP-A incorporation in the centromere region, an essential activity to maintain centromere identity. HPTMs also participate in the formation of regulatory protein complexes, such as the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) and the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). Finally, we discuss how HPTMs can be modified by environmental factors and the possible consequences on chromosome segregation and genome stability.
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Furlan Lopes C, Lemos Costa A, Dionísio JF, Delgado Cañedo A, da Rosa R, Del Valle Garnero A, Inacio Ribeiro JR, Gunski RJ. Chromosomal distribution of major rDNA and genome size variation in Belostoma angustum Lauck, B. nessimiani Ribeiro & Alecrim, and B. sanctulum Montandon (Insecta, Heteroptera, Belostomatidae). Genetica 2022; 150:235-246. [PMID: 35543891 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-022-00156-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Known as "electric-light bugs", belostomatids potentially act as agents of biological control. The Belostoma genus has holokinetic chromosomes, interspecific variation in diploid number, sex chromosome system and DNA content. Thus, the chromosomal complement, the accumulation of constitutive heterochromatin and the distribution of rDNA clusters by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in Belostoma angustum (BAN), Belostoma sanctulum (BSA), and Belostoma nessimiani (BNE) were evaluated. In addition, a comparative analysis of the DNA content of these species and B. estevezae (BES) was performed. BES has the highest Belostoma DNA content, while BSA has the lowest. BAN showed 2n = 29 + X1X2Y, while BSA and BNE had 2n = 14 + XY. BSA showed 18S rDNA markings on sex chromosomes, while BNE and BAN did on autosomes. The difference between BSA and BNE occurs because of the possible movement of the rDNA cluster in BNE. We suggest the occurrence of fusion in the autosomes of BSA and BNE, and fragmentation in the sex chromosomes in BAN. Also, the genome size of 1-2 pg represents a haploid DNA content of a common ancestor, from which the genomes of BES and BAN had evolved by gene duplication and heterochromatinization events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassiane Furlan Lopes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Rua Aluízio Barros Macedo, Br 290, km 423 Bairro Piraí, São Gabriel, RS, 97300-300, Brazil.
| | - Alice Lemos Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Rua Aluízio Barros Macedo, Br 290, km 423 Bairro Piraí, São Gabriel, RS, 97300-300, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Fernanda Dionísio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Andres Delgado Cañedo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Rua Aluízio Barros Macedo, Br 290, km 423 Bairro Piraí, São Gabriel, RS, 97300-300, Brazil
| | - Renata da Rosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Analia Del Valle Garnero
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Rua Aluízio Barros Macedo, Br 290, km 423 Bairro Piraí, São Gabriel, RS, 97300-300, Brazil
| | - José Ricardo Inacio Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Estudos da Biodiversidade do Pampa (LEBIP), Universidade Federal do Pampa, São Gabriel, RS, Brazil
| | - Ricardo José Gunski
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Rua Aluízio Barros Macedo, Br 290, km 423 Bairro Piraí, São Gabriel, RS, 97300-300, Brazil
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6
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Manić L, Wallace D, Onganer PU, Taalab YM, Farooqi AA, Antonijević B, Buha Djordjevic A. Epigenetic mechanisms in metal carcinogenesis. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:778-787. [PMID: 36561948 PMCID: PMC9764177 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Many metals exhibit genotoxic and/or carcinogenic effects. These toxic metals can be found ubiquitously - in drinking water, food, air, general use products, in everyday and occupational settings. Exposure to such carcinogenic metals can result in serious health disorders, including cancer. Arsenic, cadmium, chromium, nickel, and their compounds have already been recognized as carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. This review summarizes a wide range of epigenetic mechanisms contributing to carcinogenesis induced by these metals, primarily including, but not limited to, DNA methylation, miRNA regulation, and histone posttranslational modifications. The mechanisms are described and discussed both from a metal-centric and a mechanism-centric standpoint. The review takes a broad perspective, putting the mechanisms in the context of real-life exposure, and aims to assist in guiding future research, particularly with respect to the assessment and control of exposure to carcinogenic metals and novel therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Manić
- Department of Toxicology “Akademik Danilo Soldatović”, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - David Wallace
- School of Biomedical Science, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, United States
| | - Pinar Uysal Onganer
- Cancer Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Yasmeen M. Taalab
- Institute of Forensic and Traffic Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Voßstraße 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany,Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Dakahlia Governate 35516, Egypt
| | - Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Laboratory for Translational Oncology and Personalized Medicine, RLMC, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Biljana Antonijević
- Department of Toxicology “Akademik Danilo Soldatović”, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Buha Djordjevic
- Department of Toxicology “Akademik Danilo Soldatović”, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia,Correspondence to: Department of Toxicology “Akademik Danilo Soldatović”, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
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7
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Desaulniers D, Vasseur P, Jacobs A, Aguila MC, Ertych N, Jacobs MN. Integration of Epigenetic Mechanisms into Non-Genotoxic Carcinogenicity Hazard Assessment: Focus on DNA Methylation and Histone Modifications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10969. [PMID: 34681626 PMCID: PMC8535778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics involves a series of mechanisms that entail histone and DNA covalent modifications and non-coding RNAs, and that collectively contribute to programing cell functions and differentiation. Epigenetic anomalies and DNA mutations are co-drivers of cellular dysfunctions, including carcinogenesis. Alterations of the epigenetic system occur in cancers whether the initial carcinogenic events are from genotoxic (GTxC) or non-genotoxic (NGTxC) carcinogens. NGTxC are not inherently DNA reactive, they do not have a unifying mode of action and as yet there are no regulatory test guidelines addressing mechanisms of NGTxC. To fil this gap, the Test Guideline Programme of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development is developing a framework for an integrated approach for the testing and assessment (IATA) of NGTxC and is considering assays that address key events of cancer hallmarks. Here, with the intent of better understanding the applicability of epigenetic assays in chemical carcinogenicity assessment, we focus on DNA methylation and histone modifications and review: (1) epigenetic mechanisms contributing to carcinogenesis, (2) epigenetic mechanisms altered following exposure to arsenic, nickel, or phenobarbital in order to identify common carcinogen-specific mechanisms, (3) characteristics of a series of epigenetic assay types, and (4) epigenetic assay validation needs in the context of chemical hazard assessment. As a key component of numerous NGTxC mechanisms of action, epigenetic assays included in IATA assay combinations can contribute to improved chemical carcinogen identification for the better protection of public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Desaulniers
- Environmental Health Sciences and Research Bureau, Hazard Identification Division, Health Canada, AL:2203B, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Paule Vasseur
- CNRS, LIEC, Université de Lorraine, 57070 Metz, France;
| | - Abigail Jacobs
- Independent at the Time of Publication, Previously US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20852, USA;
| | - M. Cecilia Aguila
- Toxicology Team, Division of Human Food Safety, Center for Veterinary Medicine, US Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD 20852, USA;
| | - Norman Ertych
- German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Miriam N. Jacobs
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton OX11 0RQ, UK;
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8
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Ijomone OM, Ijomone OK, Iroegbu JD, Ifenatuoha CW, Olung NF, Aschner M. Epigenetic influence of environmentally neurotoxic metals. Neurotoxicology 2020; 81:51-65. [PMID: 32882300 PMCID: PMC7708394 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Continuous globalization and industrialization have ensured metals are an increasing aspect of daily life. Their usefulness in manufacturing has made them vital to national commerce, security and global economy. However, excess exposure to metals, particularly as a result of environmental contamination or occupational exposures, has been detrimental to overall health. Excess exposure to several metals is considered environmental risk in the aetiology of several neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Metal-induced neurotoxicity has been a major health concern globally with intensive research to unravel the mechanisms associated with it. Recently, greater focus has been directed at epigenetics to better characterize the underlying mechanisms of metal-induced neurotoxicity. Epigenetic changes are those modifications on the DNA that can turn genes on or off without altering the DNA sequence. This review discusses how epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation, post translational histone modification and noncoding RNA-mediated gene silencing mediate the neurotoxic effects of several metals, focusing on manganese, arsenic, nickel, cadmium, lead, and mercury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omamuyovwi M Ijomone
- The Neuro- Lab, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.
| | - Olayemi K Ijomone
- The Neuro- Lab, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Department of Anatomy, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Joy D Iroegbu
- The Neuro- Lab, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Chibuzor W Ifenatuoha
- The Neuro- Lab, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Nzube F Olung
- The Neuro- Lab, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Michael Aschner
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY, USA.
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9
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Zhu Y, Costa M. Metals and molecular carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 2020; 41:1161-1172. [PMID: 32674145 PMCID: PMC7513952 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many metals are essential for living organisms, but at higher doses they may be toxic and carcinogenic. Metal exposure occurs mainly in occupational settings and environmental contaminations in drinking water, air pollution and foods, which can result in serious health problems such as cancer. Arsenic (As), beryllium (Be), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) are classified as Group 1 carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. This review provides a comprehensive summary of current concepts of the molecular mechanisms of metal-induced carcinogenesis and focusing on a variety of pathways, including genotoxicity, mutagenesis, oxidative stress, epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation, histone post-translational modification and alteration in microRNA regulation, competition with essential metal ions and cancer-related signaling pathways. This review takes a broader perspective and aims to assist in guiding future research with respect to the prevention and therapy of metal exposure in human diseases including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusha Zhu
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Max Costa
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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10
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Salimi A, Jamali Z, Atashbar S, Khezri S, Ghorbanpour AM, Etefaghi N. Pathogenic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implication in Nickel-Induced Cell Damage. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 20:968-984. [DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200214123118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Nickel (Ni) is mostly applied in a number of industrial areas such as printing
inks, welding, alloys, electronics and electrical professions. Occupational or environmental exposure to
nickel may lead to cancer, allergy reaction, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, as well as
cell damage, apoptosis and oxidative stress.
Methods:
In here, we focused on published studies about cell death, carcinogenicity, allergy reactions
and neurotoxicity, and promising agents for the prevention and treatment of the toxicity by Ni.
Results:
Our review showed that in the last few years, more researches have focused on reactive oxygen
species formation, oxidative stress, DNA damages, apoptosis, interaction with involving receptors
in allergy and mitochondrial damages in neuron induced by Ni.
Conclusion:
The collected data in this paper provide useful information about the main toxicities induced
by Ni, also, their fundamental mechanisms, and how to discover new ameliorative agents for
prevention and treatment by reviewing agents with protective and therapeutic consequences on Ni
induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Salimi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Zhaleh Jamali
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Saman Atashbar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Saleh Khezri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Amir M. Ghorbanpour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Nahid Etefaghi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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Abstract
Metal exposure is pervasive and not limited to sporadic poisoning events or toxic waste sites. Hundreds of millions of people around the globe are affected by chronic metal exposure, which is associated with serious health concerns, including cancer, as demonstrated in a variety of studies at the molecular, systemic, and epidemiologic levels. Metal-induced toxicity and carcinogenicity are sophisticated and complex in nature. This review provides a broad context and holistic view of currently available studies on the mechanisms of metal-induced carcinogenesis. Specifically, we focus on the five most prevalent carcinogenic metals, arsenic, nickel, cadmium, chromium, and beryllium, and their potential to drive carcinogenesis in humans. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms behind the development of metal-induced cancer can provide valuable insights for therapeutic intervention involving molecular targets in metal-induced carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Yi Chen
- Departments of Environmental Medicine, and Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA;
| | - Thomas DesMarais
- Departments of Environmental Medicine, and Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA;
| | - Max Costa
- Departments of Environmental Medicine, and Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA;
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12
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Machnik M, Oleksiewicz U. Dynamic Signatures of the Epigenome: Friend or Foe? Cells 2020; 9:cells9030653. [PMID: 32156057 PMCID: PMC7140607 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly dynamic epigenetic signaling is influenced mainly by (micro)environmental stimuli and genetic factors. The exact mechanisms affecting particular epigenomic patterns differ dependently on the context. In the current review, we focus on the causes and effects of the dynamic signatures of the human epigenome as evaluated with the high-throughput profiling data and single-gene approaches. We will discuss three different aspects of phenotypic outcomes occurring as a consequence of epigenetics interplaying with genotype and environment. The first issue is related to the cases of environmental impacts on epigenetic profile, and its adverse and advantageous effects related to human health and evolutionary adaptation. The next topic will present a model of the interwoven co-evolution of genetic and epigenetic patterns exemplified with transposable elements (TEs) and their epigenetic repressors Krüppel-associated box zinc finger proteins (KRAB–ZNFs). The third aspect concentrates on the mitosis-based microevolution that takes place during carcinogenesis, leading to clonal diversity and expansion of tumor cells. The whole picture of epigenome plasticity and its role in distinct biological processes is still incomplete. However, accumulating data define epigenomic dynamics as an essential co-factor driving adaptation at the cellular and inter-species levels with a benefit or disadvantage to the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Machnik
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
- Department of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Urszula Oleksiewicz
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
- Department of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence:
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13
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Genchi G, Carocci A, Lauria G, Sinicropi MS, Catalano A. Nickel: Human Health and Environmental Toxicology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E679. [PMID: 31973020 PMCID: PMC7037090 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 457] [Impact Index Per Article: 114.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nickel is a transition element extensively distributed in the environment, air, water, and soil. It may derive from natural sources and anthropogenic activity. Although nickel is ubiquitous in the environment, its functional role as a trace element for animals and human beings has not been yet recognized. Environmental pollution from nickel may be due to industry, the use of liquid and solid fuels, as well as municipal and industrial waste. Nickel contact can cause a variety of side effects on human health, such as allergy, cardiovascular and kidney diseases, lung fibrosis, lung and nasal cancer. Although the molecular mechanisms of nickel-induced toxicity are not yet clear, mitochondrial dysfunctions and oxidative stress are thought to have a primary and crucial role in the toxicity of this metal. Recently, researchers, trying to characterize the capability of nickel to induce cancer, have found out that epigenetic alterations induced by nickel exposure can perturb the genome. The purpose of this review is to describe the chemical features of nickel in human beings and the mechanisms of its toxicity. Furthermore, the attention is focused on strategies to remove nickel from the environment, such as phytoremediation and phytomining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Genchi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza), Italy; (G.G.); (G.L.)
| | - Alessia Carocci
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “A. Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Graziantonio Lauria
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza), Italy; (G.G.); (G.L.)
| | - Maria Stefania Sinicropi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza), Italy; (G.G.); (G.L.)
| | - Alessia Catalano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “A. Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy;
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Son YO. Molecular Mechanisms of Nickel-Induced Carcinogenesis. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2019; 20:1015-1023. [PMID: 31774048 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666191125112728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increased use of heavy metal nickel in modern industries results in increased environmental impact. Occupational and environmental exposure to nickel is closely linked to an increased risk of human lung cancer and nasal cancer. OBJECTIVE Unlike other heavy metal carcinogens, nickel has weak mutagenic activity. Carcinogenesis caused by nickel is intensively studied, but the precise mechanism of action is not yet known. RESULTS Epigenetic changes, activation of hypoxia signaling pathways, and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are considered to be the major molecular mechanisms involved in nickelinduced carcinogenesis. CONCLUSION This review provides insights into current research on nickel-induced carcinogenesis and suggests possible effective therapeutic strategies for nickel-induced carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ok Son
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju City, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63243, Korea
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Gómez-Tomás Á, Pumarega J, Alguacil J, Amaral AF, Malats N, Pallarès N, Gasull M, Porta M. Concentrations of trace elements and KRAS mutations in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2019; 60:693-703. [PMID: 31066938 PMCID: PMC6786909 DOI: 10.1002/em.22296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Trace elements are a possible risk factor for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, their role in the occurrence and persistence of KRAS mutations remains unstudied. There appear to be no studies analyzing biomarkers of trace elements and KRAS mutations in any human cancer. We aimed to determine whether patients with KRAS mutated and nonmutated tumors exhibit differences in concentrations of trace elements. Incident cases of PDAC were prospectively identified in five hospitals in Spain. KRAS mutational status was determined through polymerase chain reaction from tumor tissue. Concentrations of 12 trace elements were determined in toenail samples by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Concentrations of trace elements were compared in 78 PDAC cases and 416 hospital-based controls (case-control analyses), and between 17 KRAS wild-type tumors and 61 KRAS mutated tumors (case-case analyses). Higher levels of iron, arsenic, and vanadium were associated with a statistically nonsignificant increased risk of a KRAS wild-type PDAC (OR for higher tertile of arsenic = 3.37, 95% CI 0.98-11.57). Lower levels of nickel and manganese were associated with a statistically significant higher risk of a KRAS mutated PDAC (OR for manganese = 0.34, 95% CI 0.14-0.80). Higher levels of selenium appeared protective for both mutated and KRAS wild-type PDAC. Higher levels of cadmium and lead were clear risk factors for both KRAS mutated and wild-type cases. This is the first study analyzing biomarkers of trace elements and KRAS mutations in any human cancer. Concentrations of trace elements differed markedly between PDAC cases with and without mutations in codon 12 of the KRAS oncogene, thus suggesting a role for trace elements in pancreatic and perhaps other cancers with such mutations. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 60:693-703, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Gómez-Tomás
- School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Pumarega
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Alguacil
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - André F.S. Amaral
- Population Health and Occupational Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Núria Malats
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Natàlia Pallarès
- School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Magda Gasull
- School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Porta
- School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Nickel is a naturally occurring element found in the Earth’s crust and an International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)-classified human carcinogen. While low levels found in the natural environment pose a minor concern, the extensive use of nickel in industrial settings such as in the production of stainless steel and various alloys complicate human exposure and health effects. Notably, interactions with nickel macromolecules, primarily through inhalation, have been demonstrated to promote lung cancer. Mechanisms of nickel-carcinogenesis range from oxidative stress, DNA damage, and hypoxia-inducible pathways to epigenetic mechanisms. Recently, non-coding RNAs have drawn increased attention in cancer mechanistic studies. Specifically, nickel has been found to disrupt expression and functions of micro-RNAs and long-non-coding RNAs, resulting in subsequent changes in target gene expression levels, some of which include key cancer genes such as p53, MDM2, c-myc, and AP-1. Non-coding RNAs are also involved in well-studied mechanisms of nickel-induced lung carcinogenesis, such as the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway, oxidative stress, DNA damage and repair, DNA hypermethylation, and alterations in tumor suppressors and oncogenes. This review provides a summary of the currently known epigenetic mechanisms involved in nickel-induced lung carcinogenesis, with a particular focus on non-coding RNAs.
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Normalization of Epigenetic Change in the Genome by Peptide Bioregulator (Ala–Glu–Asp–Gly) in Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Int J Pept Res Ther 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-018-9699-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Efremenko AY, Campbell JL, Dodd DE, Oller AR, Clewell HJ. Time- and concentration-dependent genomic responses of the rat airway to inhaled nickel sulfate. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2017; 58:607-618. [PMID: 28862355 PMCID: PMC5656831 DOI: 10.1002/em.22139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
While insoluble nickel subsulfide (Ni3 S2 ) was carcinogenic in the lung in a 2-year rat bioassay, soluble nickel sulfate hexahydrate (NiSO4* 6H2 O) was not. To investigate whether differences in the cellular responses to these two nickel compounds could underlie their differential activities, we conducted parallel studies to determine the gene expression changes in micro-dissected lung distal airway cells from Fischer 344 rats following inhalation of the two compounds for one and four weeks (6 hr per day, 5 days per week). The results of the Ni3 S2 study have been reported previously; this paper reports the results for NiSO4 and provides a comparative analysis. The cellular responses to NiSO4 were highly similar to those previously reported for Ni3 S2 , and a set of genes was identified whose expression could be used as biomarkers for comparing cellular nickel effects from in vitro or in vivo studies with soluble NiSO4 and particulate Ni3 S2 . Evaluation of the genomic concentration-responses for the two compounds suggests that the highest inhaled concentration in the tumor bioassay for NiSO4 , which was limited by toxicity, may not have achieved the Ni concentrations at which tumors were observed in the Ni3 S2 bioassay. However, several key differences in the immune responses to NiSO4 and Ni3 S2 were identified that may result from the differential intracellular disposition of Ni from NiSO4 entering the cell as an ion rather than as a slowly soluble Ni3 S2 particle. These differences may also contribute to the observation of tumors in the bioassay for Ni3 S2 but not NiSO4 . Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 58:607-618, 2017. © 2017 The Authors Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Environmental Mutagen Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Y. Efremenko
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, 6 Davis DriveResearch Triangle ParkNorth Carolina27709
- ScitoVation, 6 Davis DriveResearch Triangle ParkNorth Carolina27709
| | - J. L. Campbell
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, 6 Davis DriveResearch Triangle ParkNorth Carolina27709
| | - D. E. Dodd
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, 6 Davis DriveResearch Triangle ParkNorth Carolina27709
| | - A. R. Oller
- NiPERA, Inc., 2605 Meridian Parkway, Suite 121DurhamNorth Carolina27713
| | - H. J. Clewell
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, 6 Davis DriveResearch Triangle ParkNorth Carolina27709
- ScitoVation, 6 Davis DriveResearch Triangle ParkNorth Carolina27709
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Zarnescu O, Petrescu AM, Gaspar A, Craciunescu O. Effect of Sublethal Nickel Chloride Exposure on Crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus Ovary: An Ultrastructural, Autometallographic, and Electrophoretic Analyses. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2017; 23:668-678. [PMID: 28486998 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927617000496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytological responses in different organs of sentinel organisms have proven to be useful tools for characterizing the health status of those organisms and assessing the impact of environmental contaminants. Our study shows that nickel (II) accumulated in both germ cells (oogonia and developing oocytes) and somatic cells (muscle cells, follicle cells) in the Astacus leptodactylus ovary. Muscle cells from ovarian wall show disorganization and the disruption of cytoplasmic microtubules and pyknosis of the cell nucleus. Follicle cells, both those that surround the developing oocytes and also those that are not associated with the oocytes contained within the cytoplasm vacuoles of different sizes, degenerated mitochondria, myelin bodies, disorganized microtubules, and pyknotic nuclei. The most evident pathological phenomenon was the alteration and disorganization of the basal matrix, which separates the ovarian interstitium from ovarian follicles compartment. Exposure to nickel induces cytoplasmic vacuolation in oogonia and developing oocytes, structural alteration of the developing yolk granules and condensation of the nucleoli. Ultrastructural autometallography has shown grains of silver-enhanced nickel inside the cytoplasm of the muscle cells with altered morphology, including the cytoplasm, nucleus, and basal matrix of the follicle cells, and in intracisternal granules and developing yolk granules of the oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otilia Zarnescu
- 1Laboratory of Histology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology,University of Bucharest,Splaiul Independentei 91-95,Bucharest,R-050095,Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Petrescu
- 1Laboratory of Histology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology,University of Bucharest,Splaiul Independentei 91-95,Bucharest,R-050095,Romania
| | - Alexandra Gaspar
- 3Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology,National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences,Splaiul Independentei 296,Bucharest,R-060031,Romania
| | - Oana Craciunescu
- 3Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology,National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences,Splaiul Independentei 296,Bucharest,R-060031,Romania
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Abstract
Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression that occur without alterations in the DNA sequence. Several studies have shown that environmental chemicals can alter epigenetic modifications, including histone modifications and DNA methylation. Environmental chemicals may show toxic effects via epigenetic mechanism-regulated changes in gene expression. Previously, we reported that zinc treatment rapidly decreased Lys(4)-trimethylated and Lys(9)-acetylated histone H3 in the metallothionein (MT) promoter, and also decreased total histone H3. The chromatin structure in the MT promoter may be locally disrupted by zinc-induced nucleosome removal. We also showed that chromium (VI) inhibited MT gene transcription by modifying the transcription potential of the co-activator p300. MT is a small cysteine-rich protein that is active in zinc homeostasis, cadmium detoxification, and protection against reactive oxygen species. Epigenetic changes might influence the cytoprotective function of the MT gene. In this review, I briefly summarize the results of previous studies and discuss the mechanisms and toxicological significance of metal-mediated epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Kimura
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Setsunan University
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Son YO, Pratheeshkumar P, Divya SP, Zhang Z, Shi X. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 enhances carcinogenesis by suppressing apoptosis and promoting autophagy in nickel-transformed cells. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:8315-8330. [PMID: 28330870 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.773986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nickel-containing compounds are widely used in industry. Nickel is a known human carcinogen that primarily affects the lungs. Proposed mechanisms of nickel-induced carcinogenesis include disruption of cellular iron homeostasis, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and induction of hypoxia signaling. However, the precise molecular mechanisms of nickel-induced malignant transformation and tumor development remain unclear. This study shows that the transcription factor Nrf2 is highly expressed in lung tumor tissue and in nickel-transformed human lung bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells (NiT cells). Additionally, constitutively high levels of Nrf2 play a critical role in apoptosis resistance in NiT cells. Basal ROS levels were extremely low in NiT cells and were correlated with elevated expression levels of both antioxidant enzymes (e.g. catalase and superoxide dismutases) and antiapoptotic proteins (e.g. Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL). These processes are tightly controlled by Nrf2. Autophagy inhibition, induced pharmacologically or genetically, enhanced Ni2+-induced apoptosis, indicating that the induction of autophagy is the cause of apoptosis resistance in NiT cells. Using similar approaches, we show that in NiT cells the inhibition of apoptosis decreases autophagy. We have shown that Stat3, which is up-regulated by Nrf2, controls autophagy induction in NiT cells. Colony formation and tumor growth were significantly attenuated by knockdown of Nrf2 or Bcl-2. Taken together, this study demonstrates that in NiT cells constitutively high Nrf2 expression inhibits apoptosis by up-regulating antioxidant enzymes and antiapoptotic proteins to increase autophagy via Stat3 signaling. These findings indicate that the Nrf2-mediated suppression of apoptosis and promotion of autophagy contribute to nickel-induced transformation and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ok Son
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease; Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0305; National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, South Korea.
| | - Poyil Pratheeshkumar
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease; Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0305
| | - Sasidharan Padmaja Divya
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0305
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0305
| | - Xianglin Shi
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease; Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0305.
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Gault M, Effantin G, Rodrigue A. Ni exposure impacts the pool of free Fe and modifies DNA supercoiling via metal-induced oxidative stress in Escherichia coli K-12. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 97:351-361. [PMID: 27375130 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The biology of nickel has been widely studied in mammals because of its carcinogenic properties, whereas few studies have been performed in microorganisms. In the present work, changes accompanying stress caused by nickel were evaluated at the cellular level using RNA-Seq in Escherichia coli K-12. Interestingly, a very large number of genes were found to be deregulated by Ni stress. Iron and oxidative stress homeostasis maintenance were among the most highly enriched functional categories, and genes involved in periplasmic copper efflux were among the most highly upregulated. These results suggest that the deregulation of Fe and Cu homeostatic genes is caused by a release of free Cu and Fe ions in the cell which in turn activate the Cu and Fe homeostatic systems. The content of Cu was not significantly affected upon the addition of Ni to the growth medium, nor were the Cus and CopA Cu-efflux systems important for the survival of bacteria under Ni stress In contrast the addition of Ni slightly decreased the amount of cellular Fe and activated the transcription of Fur regulated genes in a Fur-dependent manner. Cu or Fe imbalance together with oxidative stress might affect the structure of DNA. Further experiments revealed that Ni alters the state of DNA folding by causing a relaxed conformation, a phenomenon that is reversible by addition of the antioxidant Tiron or the Fe chelator Dip. The Tiron-reversible DNA relaxation was also observed for Fe and to a lesser extent with Cu but not with Co. DNA supercoiling is well recognized as an integral aspect of gene regulation. Moreover our results show that Ni modifies the expression of several nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs), important agents of DNA topology and global gene regulation. This is the first report describing the impact of metal-induced oxidative on global regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Gault
- Microbiologie, Adaptation et Pathogénie, UMR5240, INSA Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Géraldine Effantin
- Microbiologie, Adaptation et Pathogénie, UMR5240, INSA Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Agnès Rodrigue
- Microbiologie, Adaptation et Pathogénie, UMR5240, INSA Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
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Ryu HW, Lee DH, Won HR, Kim KH, Seong YJ, Kwon SH. Influence of toxicologically relevant metals on human epigenetic regulation. Toxicol Res 2015; 31:1-9. [PMID: 25874027 PMCID: PMC4395649 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2015.31.1.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental toxicants such as toxic metals can alter epigenetic regulatory features such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA expression. Heavy metals influence gene expression by epigenetic mechanisms and by directly binding to various metal response elements in the target gene promoters. Given the role of epigenetic alterations in regulating genes, there is potential for the integration of toxic metal-induced epigenetic alterations as informative factors in the risk assessment process. Here, we focus on recent advances in understanding epigenetic changes, gene expression, and biological effects induced by toxic metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Wook Ryu
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hye-Rim Won
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kyeong Hwan Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yun Jeong Seong
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea
| | - So Hee Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea
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Oller AR, Oberdörster G, Seilkop SK. Derivation of PM10 size-selected human equivalent concentrations of inhaled nickel based on cancer and non-cancer effects on the respiratory tract. Inhal Toxicol 2015; 26:559-78. [PMID: 25055843 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2014.932034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Nickel (Ni) in ambient air is predominantly present in the form of oxides and sulfates, with the distribution of Ni mass between the fine (particle aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 µm; PM2.5) and coarser (2.5-10 µm) size-selected aerosol fractions of PM10 dependent on the aerosol's origin. When deriving a long-term health protective reference concentration for Ni in ambient air, the respiratory toxicity and carcinogenicity effects of the predominant Ni compounds in ambient air must be considered. Dosimetric adjustments to account for differences in aerosol particle size and respiratory tract deposition and/or clearance among rats, workers, and the general public were applied to experimentally- and epidemiologically-determined points of departure (PODs) such as no(low)-effect concentrations, for both cancer and non-cancer respiratory effects. This approach resulted in the derivation of threshold-based PM10 size-selected equivalent concentrations (modified PODs) of 0.5 µg Ni/m(3) based on workers' cancer effects and 9-11 µg Ni/m(3) based on rodent respiratory toxicity effects. Sources of uncertainty in exposure extrapolations are described. These are not reference concentrations; rather the derived PM10 size-selected modified PODs can be used as the starting point for the calculation of ambient air reference concentrations for Ni. The described approach is equally applicable to other particulates.
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25
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Scientific Opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of nickel in food and drinking water. EFSA J 2015. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Relationship between urinary nickel and methylation of p15, p16 in workers exposed to nickel. J Occup Environ Med 2015; 56:489-92. [PMID: 24806561 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between urinary nickel and methylation of p15, p16 in workers exposed to nickel. METHODS In this study, 165 nickel-exposed workers and 67 workers without exposure were recruited. The levels of urinary nickel were analyzed using dimethylglyoxime spectrophotometric method. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the methylation of p15 and p16. RESULTS The median concentration of urinary nickel in the exposed group (4.58 μg/L) was significantly higher than that in the control group (1.78 μg/L; P < 0.01). The rate of methylation of p15 in the exposed group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P = 0.023). The multiple logistic analysis showed that workers having higher urinary nickel were at the higher risk of methylation of p15 (P = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS The levels of urinary nickel were significantly associated with the methylation of p15.
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Li Z, Chen X, Li S, Wang Z. Effect of nickel chloride on Arabidopsis genomic DNA and methylation of 18S rDNA. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Perotti A, Rossi V, Mutti A, Buschini A. Methy-sens Comet assay and DNMTs transcriptional analysis as a combined approach in epigenotoxicology. Biomarkers 2014; 20:64-70. [DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2014.992813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Epigenetic dysregulation by nickel through repressive chromatin domain disruption. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:14631-6. [PMID: 25246589 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1406923111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigations into the genomic landscape of histone modifications in heterochromatic regions have revealed histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2) to be important for differentiation and maintaining cell identity. H3K9me2 is associated with gene silencing and is organized into large repressive domains that exist in close proximity to active genes, indicating the importance of maintenance of proper domain structure. Here we show that nickel, a nonmutagenic environmental carcinogen, disrupted H3K9me2 domains, resulting in the spreading of H3K9me2 into active regions, which was associated with gene silencing. We found weak CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF)-binding sites and reduced CTCF binding at the Ni-disrupted H3K9me2 domain boundaries, suggesting a loss of CTCF-mediated insulation function as a potential reason for domain disruption and spreading. We furthermore show that euchromatin islands, local regions of active chromatin within large H3K9me2 domains, can protect genes from H3K9me2-spreading-associated gene silencing. These results have major implications in understanding H3K9me2 dynamics and the consequences of chromatin domain disruption during pathogenesis.
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Efremenko AY, Campbell JL, Dodd DE, Oller AR, Clewell HJ. Time- and concentration-dependent genomic responses of the rat airway to inhaled nickel subsulfide. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 279:441-454. [PMID: 24952340 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide insights into the mode of action for Ni3S2 lung carcinogenicity by examining gene expression changes in target cells after inhalation exposure. METHODS Gene expression changes were determined in micro-dissected lung broncho-alveolar cells from Fischer 344 rats following inhalation of Ni3S2 at 0.0, 0.04, 0.08, 0.15, and 0.60 mg/m(3) (0.03, 0.06, 0.11, and 0.44 mgNi/m(3)) for one and four weeks (6h/day, 5 days/week). RESULTS Broncho-alveolar lavage fluid evaluation and lung histopathology provided evidence of inflammation only at the two highest concentrations, which were similar to those tested in the 2-year bioassay. The number of statistically significant up- and down-regulated genes decreased markedly from one to four weeks of exposure, suggesting adaptation. Cell signal pathway enrichment at both time-points primarily reflected responses to toxicity, including inflammatory and proliferative signaling. While proliferative signaling was up-regulated at both time points, some inflammatory signaling reversed from down-regulation at 1 week to up-regulation at 4 weeks. CONCLUSIONS These results support a mode of action for Ni3S2 carcinogenicity driven by chronic toxicity, inflammation and proliferation, leading to mis-replication, rather than by direct genotoxicity. Benchmark dose (BMD) analysis identified the lowest pathway transcriptional BMD exposure concentration as 0.026 mgNi/m(3), for apoptosis/survival signaling. When conducted on the basis of lung Ni concentration the lowest pathway BMD was 0.64 μgNi/g lung, for immune/inflammatory signaling. IMPLICATIONS These highly conservative BMDs could be used to derive a point of departure in a nonlinear risk assessment for Ni3S2 toxicity and carcinogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Y Efremenko
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, 6 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - J L Campbell
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, 6 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - D E Dodd
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, 6 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - A R Oller
- NiPERA, Inc., 2525 Meridian Parkway, Suite 240, Durham, NC 27713, USA
| | - H J Clewell
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, 6 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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Brocato J, Costa M. 10th NTES Conference: Nickel and Arsenic Compounds Alter the Epigenome of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2014; 31:209-13. [PMID: 24837610 PMCID: PMC4201979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms that underlie metal carcinogenesis are the subject of intense investigation; however, data from in vitro and in vivo studies are starting to piece together a story that implicates epigenetics as a key player. Data from our lab has shown that nickel compounds inhibit dioxygenase enzymes by displacing iron in the active site. Arsenic is hypothesized to inhibit these enzymes by diminishing ascorbate levels--an important co-factor for dioxygenases. Inhibition of histone demethylase dioxygenases can increase histone methylation levels, which also may affect gene expression. Recently, our lab conducted a series of investigations in human subjects exposed to high levels of nickel or arsenic compounds. Global levels of histone modifications in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from exposed subjects were compared to low environmentally exposed controls. Results showed that nickel increased H3K4me3 and decreased H3K9me2 globally. Arsenic increased H3K9me2 and decreased H3K9ac globally. Other histone modifications affected by arsenic were sex-dependent. Nickel affected the expression of 2756 genes in human PBMCs and many of the genes were involved in immune and carcinogenic pathways. This review will describe data from our lab that demonstrates for the first time that nickel and arsenic compounds affect global levels of histone modifications and gene expression in exposed human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Brocato
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, NY 10987, USA
| | - Max Costa
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, NY 10987, USA.
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Mathieu-Denoncourt J, Martyniuk CJ, de Solla SR, Balakrishnan VK, Langlois VS. Sediment contaminated with the Azo Dye disperse yellow 7 alters cellular stress- and androgen-related transcription in Silurana tropicalis larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:2952-2961. [PMID: 24467182 DOI: 10.1021/es500263x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Azo dyes are the most commonly used type of dye, accounting for 60-70% of all organic dye production worldwide. They are used as direct dyes in the textile, leather, printing ink, and cosmetic industries. The aim of this study was to assess the lethal and sublethal effects of the disazo dye Disperse Yellow 7 (DY7) in frogs to address a knowledge gap regarding mechanisms of toxicity and the potential for endocrine disrupting properties. Larvae of Silurana tropicalis (Western clawed frog) were exposed to DY7-contaminated water (0 to 22 μg/L) and sediment (0 to 209 μg/g) during early larval development. The concentrations used included the range of similar azo dyes found in surface waters in Canada. A significant decrease in tadpole survivorship was observed at 209 μg/g while there was a significant increase in malformations at the two highest concentrations tested in sediment. In the 209 μg/g treatment, DY7 significantly induced hsp70 (2.5-fold) and hsp90 (2.4-fold) mRNA levels, suggesting that cells required oxidative protection. The same treatment also altered the expression of two androgen-related genes: decreased ar (2-fold) and increased srd5a2 (2.6-fold). Furthermore, transcriptomics generated new hypotheses regarding the mechanisms of toxic action of DY7. Gene network analysis revealed that high concentrations of DY7 in sediment induced cellular stress-related gene transcription and affected genes associated with necrotic cell death, chromosome condensation, and mRNA processing. This study is the first to report on sublethal end points for azo dyes in amphibians, a growing environmental pollutant of concern for aquatic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Mathieu-Denoncourt
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department, Royal Military College of Canada , Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7K 7B4
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Buschini A, Pinelli S, Alinovi R, Mussi F, Bisceglie F, Rivetti C, Doniselli N, Pelosi G. Unravelling mechanisms behind the biological activity of bis(S-citronellalthiosemicarbazonato)nickel(ii). Metallomics 2014; 6:783-92. [DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00345k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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Sun H, Shamy M, Costa M. Nickel and epigenetic gene silencing. Genes (Basel) 2013; 4:583-95. [PMID: 24705264 PMCID: PMC3927569 DOI: 10.3390/genes4040583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Insoluble nickel compounds are well-established human carcinogens. Occupational exposure to these compounds leads to increased incidence of lung and nasal cancer in nickel refinery workers. Apart from its weak mutagenic activity and hypoxia mimicking effect there is mounting experimental evidence indicating that epigenetic alteration plays an important role in nickel-induced carcinogenesis. Multiple epigenetic mechanisms have been identified to mediate nickel-induced gene silencing. Nickel ion is able to induce heterochromatinization by binding to DNA-histone complexes and initiating chromatin condensation. The enzymes required for establishing or removing epigenetic marks can be targeted by nickel, leading to altered DNA methylation and histone modification landscapes. The current review will focus on the epigenetic changes that contribute to nickel-induced gene silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Sun
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA.
| | - Magdy Shamy
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Max Costa
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA.
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Abstract
The use of nickel casting alloys for long-term restorations in dentistry has long been controversial. A 'tug-of-war' between economic, engineering and biological considerations is central to this controversy; nickel-casting alloys have low costs and favorable physical properties, but are corrosion-prone in the oral environment. Clinicians and researchers have questioned the safety of nickel-containing dental alloys because several nickel compounds are known to cause adverse biological effects in vivo and in vitro in contexts outside of dentistry. The debate revolves around the extent to which corrosion products from oral restorations cause intraoral or systemic biological problems. Current evidence suggests that nickel alloys may be used successfully and safely in dentistry if clinical risks are taken into account. However, these alloys may cause significant clinical problems, primarily allergenic and inflammatory, if the risks are ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Wataha
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA 98195-7456, USA.
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36
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Brocato J, Costa M. Basic mechanics of DNA methylation and the unique landscape of the DNA methylome in metal-induced carcinogenesis. Crit Rev Toxicol 2013; 43:493-514. [PMID: 23844698 PMCID: PMC3871623 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2013.794769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation plays an intricate role in the regulation of gene expression and events that compromise the integrity of the methylome may potentially contribute to disease development. DNA methylation is a reversible and regulatory modification that elicits a cascade of events leading to chromatin condensation and gene silencing. In general, normal cells are characterized by gene-specific hypomethylation and global hypermethylation, while cancer cells portray a reverse profile to this norm. The unique methylome displayed in cancer cells is induced after exposure to carcinogenic metals such as nickel, arsenic, cadmium, and chromium (VI). These metals alter the DNA methylation profile by provoking both hyper- and hypo-methylation events. The metal-stimulated deviations to the methylome are possible mechanisms for metal-induced carcinogenesis and may provide potential biomarkers for cancer detection. Development of therapies based on the cancer methylome requires further research including human studies that supply results with larger impact and higher human relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Brocato
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, NY 10987, USA
| | - Max Costa
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, NY 10987, USA
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Cheng TF, Choudhuri S, Muldoon-Jacobs K. Epigenetic targets of some toxicologically relevant metals: a review of the literature. J Appl Toxicol 2012; 32:643-53. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.2717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsu-Fan Cheng
- US Food and Drug Administration; Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Food Additive Safety, Division of Food Contact Notification; College Park; MD; USA
| | - Supratim Choudhuri
- US Food and Drug Administration; Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Food Additive Safety, Division of Biotechnology and GRAS Notice Review; College Park; MD; USA
| | - Kristi Muldoon-Jacobs
- US Food and Drug Administration; Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Food Additive Safety, Division of Food Contact Notification; College Park; MD; USA
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On the role of low-dose effects and epigenetics in toxicology. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2012; 101:499-550. [PMID: 22945581 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7643-8340-4_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
For a long time, scientists considered genotoxic effects as the major issue concerning the influence of environmental chemicals on human health. Over the last decades, a new layer superimposed the genome, i.e., the epigenome, tremendously changing this point of view. The term "epigenetics" comprises stable alterations in gene expression potential arising from variations in DNA methylation and a variety of histone modifications, without changing the underlying DNA sequence. Recently, also gene silencing by small noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), in particular by microRNAs, was included in the list of epigenetic mechanisms. Multiple studies in vivo as well as in vitro have shown that a multitude of different environmental factors are capable of changing the epigenetic pattern as well as miRNA expression in certain cell types, leading to aberrant gene expression profiles in cells and tissues. These changes may have extensive effects concerning the proper gene expression necessary in a specified cell type and can even lead into a state of disease. Especially the roles of epigenetic modifications and miRNA alterations in tumorigenesis have been a major focus in research over the last years. This chapter will give an overview on epigenetic features and on the spectrum of epigenetic changes observed after exposure against environmental chemicals and pollutants.
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Aquino NB, Sevigny MB, Sabangan J, Louie MC. The role of cadmium and nickel in estrogen receptor signaling and breast cancer: metalloestrogens or not? JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2012; 30:189-224. [PMID: 22970719 PMCID: PMC3476837 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2012.705159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
During the past half-century, incidences of breast cancer have increased globally. Various factors--genetic and environmental--have been implicated in the initiation and progression of this disease. One potential environmental risk factor that has not received a lot of attention is the exposure to heavy metals. While several mechanisms have been put forth describing how high concentrations of heavy metals play a role in carcinogenesis, it is unclear whether chronic, low-level exposure to certain heavy metals (i.e., cadmium and nickel) can directly result in the development and progression of cancer. Cadmium and nickel have been hypothesized to play a role in breast cancer development by acting as metalloestrogens--metals that bind to estrogen receptors and mimic the actions of estrogen. Since the lifetime exposure to estrogen is a well-established risk factor for breast cancer, anything that mimics its activity will likely contribute to the etiology of the disease. However, heavy metals, depending on their concentration, are capable of binding to a variety of proteins and may exert their toxicities by disrupting multiple cellular functions, complicating the analysis of whether heavy metal-induced carcinogenesis is mediated by the estrogen receptor. The purpose of this review is to discuss the various epidemiological, in vivo, and in vitro studies that show a link between the heavy metals, cadmium and nickel, and breast cancer development. We will particularly focus on the studies that test whether these two metals act as metalloestrogens in order to assess the strength of the data supporting this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie B. Aquino
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Dominican University of California, San Rafael CA 94901
| | - Mary B. Sevigny
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Dominican University of California, San Rafael CA 94901
| | - Jackielyn Sabangan
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Dominican University of California, San Rafael CA 94901
| | - Maggie C. Louie
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Dominican University of California, San Rafael CA 94901
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Lezhava T, Monaselidze J, Jokhadze T, Gorgoshidze M, Kiladze M, Gaiozishvili M. Remodeling of heterochromatin induced by heavy metals in extreme old age. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2011; 33:433-8. [PMID: 20865337 PMCID: PMC3168599 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-010-9185-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The levels of chromosome instability and heat absorption of chromatin have been studied in cultured lymphocytes derived from blood of 80-93- and 18-30-year-old individuals, under the effect of heavy metal Cu(II) and Cd(II) salts. The analysis of the results obtained indicates that 50 μM Cu(II) induced a significantly higher level of cells with chromosome aberrations in old donors (13.8 ± 1.5% vs control, 3.8 ± 1.7%), whereas treatment with 100 μM Cd(II) did not induce any changes in the background index. Analysis of the lymphocyte melting curves showed that Cu(II) ions caused more effective condensation of heterochromatin in old healthy individuals compared with young donors, which was expressed by the increase of the T (m) of elderly chromatin by ~3°C compared with the norm. Treatment of lymphocyte chromatin of old individuals with 100 μM Cd(II) caused decondensation (deheterochromatinization) of both the facultative and constitutive domains of heterochromatin. The deheterochromatinization T (m) was decreased by ~3-3.5°C compared with the T (m) observed for young individuals. Thus, the chromatin of cultured lymphocytes from the old-aged individuals underwent modification under the influence of copper and cadmium salts. Cu(II) caused additional heterochromatinization of heterochromatin, and Cd(II) caused deheterochromatinization of facultative and constitutive heterochromatin. Our data may be important as new information on the remodeling of constitutive and facultative heterochromatin induced by heavy metals in aging, aging pathology, and pathology linked with metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teimuraz Lezhava
- Department of Genetics, Iv. Javakishvili Tbilisi State University, Chavchavadze ave.1, Tbilisi, Georgia.
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Abstract
Although it is widely accepted that chronic exposure to arsenite, nickel, chromium and cadmium increases cancer incidence in individuals, the molecular mechanisms underlying their ability to transform cells remain largely unknown. Carcinogenic metals are typically weak mutagens, suggesting that genetic-based mechanisms may not be primarily responsible for metal-induced carcinogenesis. Growing evidence shows that environmental metal exposure involves changes in epigenetic marks, which may lead to a possible link between heritable changes in gene expression and disease susceptibility and development. Here, we review recent advances in the understanding of metal exposure affecting epigenetic marks and discuss establishment of heritable gene expression in metal-induced carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Martinez-Zamudio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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42
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Verma R, Xu X, Jaiswal MK, Olsen C, Mears D, Caretti G, Galdzicki Z. In vitro profiling of epigenetic modifications underlying heavy metal toxicity of tungsten-alloy and its components. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 253:178-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Revised: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Cameron KS, Buchner V, Tchounwou PB. Exploring the molecular mechanisms of nickel-induced genotoxicity and carcinogenicity: a literature review. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2011; 26:81-92. [PMID: 21905451 PMCID: PMC3172618 DOI: 10.1515/reveh.2011.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nickel, a naturally occurring element that exists in various mineral forms, is mainly found in soil and sediment, and its mobilization is influenced by the physicochemical properties of the soil. Industrial sources of nickel include metallurgical processes such as electroplating, alloy production, stainless steel, and nickel-cadmium batteries. Nickel industries, oil- and coal-burning power plants, and trash incinerators have been implicated in its release into the environment. In humans, nickel toxicity is influenced by the route of exposure, dose, and solubility of the nickel compound. Lung inhalation is the major route of exposure for nickel-induced toxicity. Nickel can also be ingested or absorbed through the skin. The primary target organs are the kidneys and lungs. Other organs such as the liver, spleen, heart, and testes can also be affected to a lesser extent. Although the most common health effect is an allergic reaction, research has also demonstrated that nickel is carcinogenic to humans. The focus of the present review is on recent research concerning the molecular mechanisms of nickel-induced genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. We first present a background on the occurrence of nickel in the environment, human exposure, and human health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyuna S. Cameron
- Environmental Toxicology Research Laboratory, NIH RCMI-Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, 1400 J.R. Lynch Street, Box 18750, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, USA
| | | | - Paul B. Tchounwou
- Environmental Toxicology Research Laboratory, NIH RCMI-Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, 1400 J.R. Lynch Street, Box 18750, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, USA
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Lezhava T, Monaselidze J, Jokhadze T, Kakauridze N, Khodeli N, Rogava M, Bochorishvili T, Gorgoshidze M, Khachidze D, Lomidze E, Tkemaladze J, Chichinadze K, Koridze M, Khukhuneishvili R, Zosidze N, Nagervadze M, Buadze T, Gaiozishvili M. Gerontology research in Georgia. Biogerontology 2010; 12:87-91. [PMID: 20480236 PMCID: PMC3063552 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-010-9283-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Gerontology research carried out in different scientific centers of Georgia follows the basic directions of most work in this field: epidemiology, investigation of the mechanisms of aging, and finding ways to prevent senile pathologies and to prolong life. The genealogy and epidemiology of long-living peaple have been studied in areas with high occurrence of these people by considering the sex ratio and social status of the long-living, the influence of environmental factors, and the development of senile pathologies. According to the centrosome (centriole) model of aging, the centrosomes and the cytoskeleton, important structures in cellular differentiation and morphogenesis, may be involved in the initiation of the replication senescence mechanism. Our analysis of genetic studies shows that progressive chromosome heterochromatinization (condensation of eu- and heterochromatin regions) occurs in aging. Decreases in the repair processes and increases in the frequency of chromosome aberrations during aging are secondary to this progressive chromosome heterochromatinization. Chromosome heterochromatinization is a key factor in aging but may be reversible under the influence of bioregulators, some chemical substances, and heavy metal salts. The study of chromosome heterochromatinization may provide clues to the potential for prolonging the human lifespan.
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Mathers JC, Strathdee G, Relton CL. Induction of epigenetic alterations by dietary and other environmental factors. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2010; 71:3-39. [PMID: 20933124 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-380864-6.00001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dietary and other environmental factors induce epigenetic alterations which may have important consequences for cancer development. This chapter summarizes current knowledge of the impact of dietary, lifestyle, and environmental determinants of cancer risk and proposes that effects of these exposures might be mediated, at least in part, via epigenetic mechanisms. Evidence is presented to support the hypothesis that all recognized epigenetic marks (including DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNA (miRNA) expression) are influenced by environmental exposures, including diet, tobacco, alcohol, physical activity, stress, environmental carcinogens, genetic factors, and infectious agents which play important roles in the etiology of cancer. Some of these epigenetic modifications change the expression of tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes and, therefore, may be causal for tumorigenesis. Further work is required to understand the mechanisms through which specific environmental factors produce epigenetic changes and to identify those changes which are likely to be causal in the pathogenesis of cancer and those which are secondary, or bystander, effects. Given the plasticity of epigenetic marks in response to cancer-related exposures, such epigenetic marks are attractive candidates for the development of surrogate endpoints which could be used in dietary or lifestyle intervention studies for cancer prevention. Future research should focus on identifying epigenetic marks which are (i) validated as biomarkers for the cancer under study; (ii) readily measured in easily accessible tissues, for example, blood, buccal cells, or stool; and (iii) altered in response to dietary or lifestyle interventions for which there is convincing evidence for a relationship with cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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A genome-wide deletion mutant screen identifies pathways affected by nickel sulfate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BMC Genomics 2009; 10:524. [PMID: 19917080 PMCID: PMC2784802 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-10-524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2009] [Accepted: 11/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The understanding of the biological function, regulation, and cellular interactions of the yeast genome and proteome, along with the high conservation in gene function found between yeast genes and their human homologues, has allowed for Saccharomyces cerevisiae to be used as a model organism to deduce biological processes in human cells. Here, we have completed a systematic screen of the entire set of 4,733 haploid S. cerevisiae gene deletion strains (the entire set of nonessential genes for this organism) to identify gene products that modulate cellular toxicity to nickel sulfate (NiSO4). Results We have identified 149 genes whose gene deletion causes sensitivity to NiSO4 and 119 genes whose gene deletion confers resistance. Pathways analysis with proteins whose absence renders cells sensitive and resistant to nickel identified a wide range of cellular processes engaged in the toxicity of S. cerevisiae to NiSO4. Functional categories overrepresented with proteins whose absence renders cells sensitive to NiSO4 include homeostasis of protons, cation transport, transport ATPases, endocytosis, siderophore-iron transport, homeostasis of metal ions, and the diphthamide biosynthesis pathway. Functional categories overrepresented with proteins whose absence renders cells resistant to nickel include functioning and transport of the vacuole and lysosome, protein targeting, sorting, and translocation, intra-Golgi transport, regulation of C-compound and carbohydrate metabolism, transcriptional repression, and chromosome segregation/division. Interactome analysis mapped seven nickel toxicity modulating and ten nickel-resistance networks. Additionally, we studied the degree of sensitivity or resistance of the 111 nickel-sensitive and 72 -resistant strains whose gene deletion product has a similar protein in human cells. Conclusion We have undertaken a whole genome approach in order to further understand the mechanism(s) regulating the cell's toxicity to nickel compounds. We have used computational methods to integrate the data and generate global models of the yeast's cellular response to NiSO4. The results of our study shed light on molecular pathways associated with the cellular response of eukaryotic cells to nickel compounds and provide potential implications for further understanding the toxic effects of nickel compounds to human cells.
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