1
|
Shakeel U, Zhang Y, Topakas E, Wang W, Liang C, Qi W. Unraveling interplay between lignocellulosic structures caused by chemical pretreatments in enhancing enzymatic hydrolysis. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 334:122037. [PMID: 38553235 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the interplay between substrate structure and enzymatic hydrolysis (EH) efficiency, poplar was pretreated with acidic sodium-chlorite (ASC), 3 % sodium-hydroxide (3-SH), and 3 % sulfuric acid (3-SA), resulting in different glucose yields of 94.10 %, 74.35 %, and 24.51 %, respectively, of pretreated residues. Residues were fractionated into cellulose, lignin and unhydrolyzed residue after EH (for lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) analysis) and analyzed using HPLC, FTIR, XPS, CP MAS 13C NMR and 2D-NMR (Lignin and LCC analysis). After delignification, holocellulose exhibited a dramatic increase in glucose yield (74.35 % to 90.82 % for 3-SH and 24.51 % to 80.0 % for 3-SA). Structural analysis of holocellulose suggested the synergistic interplay among cellulose allomorphs to limit glucose yield. Residual lignin analysis from un/pretreated residues indicated that higher β-β' contents and S/G ratios were favorable to the inhibitory effect but unfavourable to the holocellulose digestibility and followed the trend in the following order: 3-SA (L3) > 3-SH (L2) > native-lignin (L1). Analysis of enzymatically unhydrolyzed pretreated residues revealed the presence of benzyl ether (BE1,2) LCC and phenyl glycoside (PG) bond linking to xylose (X) and mannose (M), which yielded a xylan-lignin-glucomannan network. The stability, steric hindrance and hydrophobicity of this network may play a central role in defining poplar recalcitrance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Usama Shakeel
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Evangelos Topakas
- InduBioCat Group, Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens 15780, Greece
| | - Wen Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Cuiyi Liang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wei Qi
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Anirudh MK, Lal AMN, Harikrishnan MP, Jose J, Thasim J, Warrier AS, Venkatesh R, Vaddevolu UBP, Kothakota A. Sustainable seedling pots: Development and characterisation of banana waste and natural fibre-reinforced composites for horticultural applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132070. [PMID: 38705313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Plastic pots used in horticultural nurseries generate substantial waste, causing environmental pollution. This study aimed to develop biodegradable composites from banana pseudo-stem reinforced with agricultural residues like pineapple leaves, taro and water hyacinth as eco-friendly substitutes. The aim of this study is to develop optimised banana biocomposite formulations with suitable reinforcements that balance mechanical durability, biodegradation, and seedling growth promotion properties to serve as viable eco-friendly alternatives to plastic seedling pots. This study was carried out by fabricating banana fibre mats through pulping, drying and hot pressing. Composite sheets were reinforced with 50 % pineapple, taro or water hyacinth fibres. The mechanical properties (tensile, yield strength, elongation, bursting strength), hydrophilicity (contact angle, water absorption), biodegradability (soil burial test), and seedling growth promotion were evaluated through appropriate testing methods. The results show that banana-taro composites exhibited suitable tensile strength (25 MPa), elongation (27 %), water uptake (41 %) and 82 % biodegradation in 60 days. It was observed that biodegradable seedling trays fabricated from banana-taro composite showed 95 % tomato seed germination and a 125 cm plant height increase in 30 days, superior to plastic trays. The finding shows that the study demonstrates the potential of banana-taro biocomposites as alternatives to plastic nursery pots, enabling healthy seedling growth while eliminating plastic waste pollution through biodegradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M K Anirudh
- Agro-Processing & Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - A M Nandhu Lal
- Agro-Processing & Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Trivandrum, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - M P Harikrishnan
- Agro-Processing & Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Jijo Jose
- Agro-Processing & Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - J Thasim
- Agro-Processing & Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Aswin S Warrier
- Agro-Processing & Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Trivandrum, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Rangaswamy Venkatesh
- Agro-Processing & Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Trivandrum, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Uday Bhanu Prakash Vaddevolu
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) Univerisity of Florida, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Anjineyulu Kothakota
- Agro-Processing & Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Trivandrum, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Goswami R, Singh S, Narasimhappa P, Ramamurthy PC, Mishra A, Mishra PK, Joshi HC, Pant G, Singh J, Kumar G, Khan NA, Yousefi M. Nanocellulose: A comprehensive review investigating its potential as an innovative material for water remediation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127465. [PMID: 37866583 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Rapid growth in industrialization sectors, the wastewater treatment plants become exhausted and potentially not able to give desirable discharge standards. Many industries discharge the untreated effluent into the water bodies which affects the aquatic diversity and human health. The effective disposal of industrial effluents thus has been an imperative requirement. For decades nanocellulose based materials gained immense attraction towards application in wastewater remediation and emerged out as a new biobased nanomaterial. It is light weighted, cost effective, mechanically strong and easily available. Large surface area, versatile surface functionality, biodegradability, high aspect ratio etc., make them suitable candidate in this field. Majorly cellulose based nanomaterials are used in the form of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), or bacterial nanocellulose (BNC). This review specifically describes about a variety of extraction methods to produced nanocellulose and also discusses the modification of nanocellulose by adding functionalities in its surface chemistry. We majorly focus on the utilization of nanocellulose based materials in water remediation for the removal of different contaminants such as dyes, heavy metals, oil, microbial colony etc. This review mainly emphasizes in ray of hope towards nanocellulose materials to achieve more advancement in the water remediation fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Goswami
- Department of Environmental Science, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Simranjeet Singh
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Pavithra Narasimhappa
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Praveen C Ramamurthy
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Abhilasha Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Pawan Kumar Mishra
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Graphic Era (deemed to be) University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Harish Chandra Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Gaurav Pant
- Department of Microbiology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India.
| | - Joginder Singh
- Department of Botany, Nagaland University, HQRS: Lumami, 798 627, Zunheboto, Nagaland, India
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Lovely professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Nadeem A Khan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmood Yousefi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li W, Lin YCJ, Chen YL, Zhou C, Li S, De Ridder N, Oliveira DM, Zhang L, Zhang B, Wang JP, Xu C, Fu X, Luo K, Wu AM, Demura T, Lu MZ, Zhou Y, Li L, Umezawa T, Boerjan W, Chiang VL. Woody plant cell walls: Fundamentals and utilization. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:112-140. [PMID: 38102833 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Cell walls in plants, particularly forest trees, are the major carbon sink of the terrestrial ecosystem. Chemical and biosynthetic features of plant cell walls were revealed early on, focusing mostly on herbaceous model species. Recent developments in genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, transgenesis, and associated analytical techniques are enabling novel insights into formation of woody cell walls. Here, we review multilevel regulation of cell wall biosynthesis in forest tree species. We highlight current approaches to engineering cell walls as potential feedstock for materials and energy and survey reported field tests of such engineered transgenic trees. We outline opportunities and challenges in future research to better understand cell type biogenesis for more efficient wood cell wall modification and utilization for biomaterials or for enhanced carbon capture and storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | | | - Ying-Lan Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, China
| | - Chenguang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Nette De Ridder
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dyoni M Oliveira
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Baocai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jack P Wang
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Changzheng Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaokang Fu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Keming Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ai-Min Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Taku Demura
- Center for Digital Green-innovation, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Meng-Zhu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yihua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Laigeng Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Toshiaki Umezawa
- Laboratory of Metabolic Science of Forest Plants and Microorganisms, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Wout Boerjan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vincent L Chiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ferreira FV, Souza AG, Ajdary R, de Souza LP, Lopes JH, Correa DS, Siqueira G, Barud HS, Rosa DDS, Mattoso LH, Rojas OJ. Nanocellulose-based porous materials: Regulation and pathway to commercialization in regenerative medicine. Bioact Mater 2023; 29:151-176. [PMID: 37502678 PMCID: PMC10368849 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We review the recent progress that have led to the development of porous materials based on cellulose nanostructures found in plants and other resources. In light of the properties that emerge from the chemistry, shape and structural control, we discuss some of the most promising uses of a plant-based material, nanocellulose, in regenerative medicine. Following a brief discussion about the fundamental aspects of self-assembly of nanocellulose precursors, we review the key strategies needed for material synthesis and to adjust the architecture of the materials (using three-dimensional printing, freeze-casted porous materials, and electrospinning) according to their uses in tissue engineering, artificial organs, controlled drug delivery and wound healing systems, among others. For this purpose, we map the structure-property-function relationships of nanocellulose-based porous materials and examine the course of actions that are required to translate innovation from the laboratory to industry. Such efforts require attention to regulatory aspects and market pull. Finally, the key challenges and opportunities in this nascent field are critically reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filipe V. Ferreira
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentation – Rua XV de Novembro, 1452, São Carlos, SP, 13560-979, Brazil
| | - Alana G. Souza
- Center for Engineering, Modeling, and Applied Social Sciences (CECS), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil
| | - Rubina Ajdary
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P. O. Box 16300, Aalto, Espoo, FIN-00076, Finland
| | - Lucas P. de Souza
- College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Aston Institute of Materials Research, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - João H. Lopes
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Fundamental Sciences (IEF), Technological Institute of Aeronautics (ITA), São Jose dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel S. Correa
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentation – Rua XV de Novembro, 1452, São Carlos, SP, 13560-979, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Siqueira
- Laboratory for Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Hernane S. Barud
- Biopolymers and Biomaterials Laboratory (BIOPOLMAT), University of Araraquara (UNIARA), Araraquara, 14801-340, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Derval dos S. Rosa
- Center for Engineering, Modeling, and Applied Social Sciences (CECS), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil
| | - Luiz H.C. Mattoso
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentation – Rua XV de Novembro, 1452, São Carlos, SP, 13560-979, Brazil
| | - Orlando J. Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P. O. Box 16300, Aalto, Espoo, FIN-00076, Finland
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry and, Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang Q, Zhang X, Tian J, Zheng C, Khan MR, Guo J, Zhu W, Jin Y, Xiao H, Song J, Rojas OJ. High throughput disassembly of cellulose nanoribbons and colloidal stabilization of gel-like Pickering emulsions. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 315:121000. [PMID: 37230640 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a strategy to disintegrate cellulose microfibrils present in the cell walls of plant fibers. The process includes impregnation and mild oxidation followed by ultrasonication, which loosens the hydrophilic planes of crystalline cellulose while preserving the hydrophobic ones. The resultant molecularly-sized cellulose structures (cellulose ribbons, CR) retain a length of the order of a micron (1.47 ± 0.48 μm, AFM). A very high axial aspect ratio is determined (at least 190), considering the CR height (0.62 ± 0.38 nm, AFM), corresponding to 1-2 cellulose chains, and width (7.64 ± 1.82 nm, TEM). The new molecularly-thin cellulose proposes excellent hydrophilicity and flexibility, enabling a remarkable viscosifying effect when dispersed in aqueous media (shear-thinning, zero shear viscosity of 6.3 × 105 mPa·s). As such, CR suspensions readily develop into gel-like Pickering emulsions in the absence of crosslinking, suitable for direct ink writing at ultra-low solids content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingcheng Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Chenyu Zheng
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Mohammad Rizwan Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Wenyuan Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yongcan Jin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Huining Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Junlong Song
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fujisawa S, Daicho K, Yurtsever A, Fukuma T, Saito T. Molecular Dynamics of Drying-Induced Structural Transformations in a Single Nanocellulose. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2302276. [PMID: 37183294 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanocellulose is attracting attention in the field of materials science as a sustainable building block. Nanocellulose-based materials, such as films, membranes, and foams, are fabricated by drying colloidal dispersions. However, little is known about how the structure of a single nanocellulose changes during the complex drying process. Here, all-atom molecular dynamics simulations and atomic force microscopy is used to investigate the structural dynamics of single nanocellulose during drying. It is found that the twist morphology of the nanocellulose became localized along the fibril axis during the final stage of the drying process. Moreover, it is shown that conformational changes at C6 hydroxymethyl groups and glycoside bond is accompanied by the twist localization, indicating that the increase in the crystallinity occurred in the process. It is expected that the results will provide molecular insights into nanocellulose structures in material processing, which is helpful for the design of materials with advanced functionalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Fujisawa
- Department of Biomaterials Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 1138657, Japan
| | - Kazuho Daicho
- Department of Biomaterials Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 1138657, Japan
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-Nano LSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 9201192, Japan
| | - Ayhan Yurtsever
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-Nano LSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 9201192, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fukuma
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-Nano LSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 9201192, Japan
| | - Tsuguyuki Saito
- Department of Biomaterials Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 1138657, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kotov N, Larsson PA, Jain K, Abitbol T, Cernescu A, Wågberg L, Johnson CM. Elucidating the fine-scale structural morphology of nanocellulose by nano infrared spectroscopy. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 302:120320. [PMID: 36604038 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanoscale infrared (IR) spectroscopy and microscopy, enabling the acquisition of IR spectra and images with a lateral resolution of 20 nm, is employed to chemically characterize individual cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) to elucidate if the CNCs and CNFs consist of alternating crystalline and amorphous domains along the CNF/CNC. The high lateral resolution enables studies of the nanoscale morphology at different domains of the CNFs/CNCs: flat segments, kinks, twisted areas, and end points. The types of nanocellulose investigated are CNFs from tunicate, CNCs from cotton, and anionic and cationic wood-derived CNFs. All nano-FTIR spectra acquired from the different samples and different domains of the individual nanocellulose particles resemble a spectrum of crystalline cellulose, suggesting that the non-crystalline cellulose signal observed in macroscopic measurements of nanocellulose most likely originate from cellulose chains present at the surface of the nanocellulose particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Kotov
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 29, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Per A Larsson
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Karishma Jain
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Tiffany Abitbol
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Drottning Kristinas väg 55, SE-114 28 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Adrian Cernescu
- Neaspec, Attocube systems AG, Eglfinger Weg 2, 85540 Haar, Germany.
| | - Lars Wågberg
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - C Magnus Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 29, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kayabaş A, Yildirim E. New approaches with ATR-FTIR, SEM, and contact angle measurements in the adaptation to extreme conditions of some endemic Gypsophila L. taxa growing in gypsum habitats. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 270:120843. [PMID: 35032761 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Gypsophila L. taxa growing on gypsum soils have to withstand limiting and restrictive conditions for plant life. This study aims to identify functional mechanisms determine the main functional groups in the vegetative and reproductive organs of some endemic Gypsophila taxa growing in gypsum soils, as well as to understand the relationship between the hidrophobicities and their micromorphological structures of the leaves of these plants grown in arid conditions. In this context, a series of Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR), water contact angle (CA) measurements, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were performed that may help to understand the survival mechanisms of Gypsophila eriocalyx Boiss., Gypsophila germanicopolitana Hub.-Mor. and Gypsophila simonii Hub.-Mor. growing in gypsum habitats. Our results showed the presence of O-H and C-O stretching bands belong to gypsum and calcium oxalate in the roots, stems, leaves and flowers of Gypsophila taxa is thought to be a way of tolerating the excess Ca and sulphate in the extreme habitat where these species grow. Leaves of Gypsophila taxa showed CAs above 90°, which indicates that G. eriocalyx, G. germanicopolitana, and G. simonii were hydrophobic. This study offers new approaches to understanding the adaptation of Gypsophila taxa to the extreme conditions typical of gypsum soils. The characterization of gypsum plants such as Gypsophila taxa, whose mechanisms for competition and survival on gypsum are still not fully understood, is very important in terms of shedding light on the adaptation of endemic plants to gypsum habitats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayşenur Kayabaş
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Çankırı Karatekin University, Çankırı, Turkey.
| | - Ertan Yildirim
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fractionation of Birch Wood by Integrating Alkaline-Acid Treatments and Hydrogenation in Ethanol over a Bifunctional Ruthenium Catalyst. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11111362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
For the first time, the fractionation of birch wood into microcrystalline cellulose, xylose and methoxyphenols is suggested based on the integration of alkali-acid pretreatments and hydrogenation in ethanol over a bifunctional Ru/C catalyst. It is established that removal of hemicelluloses during pretreatments of birch wood influences the yields of the liquid, gaseous and solid products of the non-catalytic and catalytic hydrogenation of pretreated samples in ethanol at 225 °C. The bifunctional Ru/carbon catalyst affects in different ways the conversion and yields of products of hydrogenation of the initial and acid- and alkali-pretreated birch wood. The most noticeable influence is characteristic of the hydrogenation of the acid-pretreated wood, where in contrast to the non-catalytic hydrogenation, the wood conversion and the yields of liquid products increase but the yields of the solid and gaseous products decrease. GC-MS, gel permeation chromatography and elemental analysis were used for characterization of the liquid product composition. The molecular mass distribution of the liquid products of hydrogenation of the initial and pretreated wood shifts towards the low-molecular range in the presence of the catalyst. From the GC-MS data, the contents of monomer compounds, predominantly 4-propylsyringol and 4-propanolsyringol, increase in the presence of the ruthenium catalyst. The solid products of catalytic hydrogenation of the pretreated wood contain up to 95 wt% of cellulose with the structure, similar to that of microcrystalline cellulose.
Collapse
|
11
|
On cellulose spatial organization and interactions as unraveled by diffraction and spectroscopic methods throughout the 20 th century. PURE APPL CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2021-0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This contribution attempts to describe the path towards determination of cellulose crystal structure down to atomic coordinates, towards the determination of its molecular conformation, as well as towards the details of the intricate pattern of hydrogen bonds and their dynamics. This path started at the beginning of the 20th century with X-ray diffraction, continued with electron diffraction, infrared and Raman spectroscopy, and significant knowledge was gained by methods of NMR spectroscopy. Towards the end of the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century, X-ray diffraction in conjunction with neutron diffraction provided the position of hydrogens, which led to detailed description of the geometry of hydrogen bonding network in cellulose. Quantum chemical and molecular dynamics calculations, polarized infrared spectroscopy and sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy were used to identify the origins of the vibrational modes in cellulose and to describe their extensive coupling mediated by hydrogen bonds. The role of amphiphilic character of cellulose macromolecule (and consequent hydrophobic interactions) in cellulose properties and behavior has been gaining more recognition in the 21st century.
Collapse
|
12
|
Toumpanaki E, Shah DU, Eichhorn SJ. Beyond What Meets the Eye: Imaging and Imagining Wood Mechanical-Structural Properties. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2001613. [PMID: 32830395 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Wood presents a hierarchical structure, containing features at all length scales: from the tracheids or vessels that make up its cellular structure, through to the microfibrils within the cell walls, down to the molecular architecture of the cellulose, lignin, and hemicelluloses that comprise its chemical makeup. This structure renders it with high mechanical (e.g., modulus and strength) and interesting physical (e.g., optical) properties. A better understanding of this structure, and how it plays a role in governing mechanical and other physical parameters, will help to better exploit this sustainable resource. Here, recent developments on the use of advanced imaging techniques for studying the structural properties of wood in relation to its mechanical properties are explored. The focus is on synchrotron nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray tomographical imaging, Raman and infrared spectroscopies, confocal microscopy, electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Critical discussion on the role of imaging techniques and how fields are developing rapidly to incorporate both spatial and temporal ranges of analysis is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Toumpanaki
- Bristol Composites Institute, CAME School of Engineering, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK
| | - Darshil U Shah
- Department of Architecture, Centre for Natural Materials Innovation, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PX, UK
| | - Stephen J Eichhorn
- Bristol Composites Institute, CAME School of Engineering, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gollihue J, Pook VG, DeBolt S. Sources of variation in bourbon whiskey barrels: a review. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jib.660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jarrad Gollihue
- Department of Horticulture University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40546 USA
- James B. Beam Institute for Kentucky Spirits University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40546 USA
| | - Victoria G. Pook
- Department of Horticulture University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40546 USA
- James B. Beam Institute for Kentucky Spirits University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40546 USA
| | - Seth DeBolt
- Department of Horticulture University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40546 USA
- James B. Beam Institute for Kentucky Spirits University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40546 USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fugetsu B, Adavan Kiliyankil V, Takiguchi S, Sakata I, Endo M. A finger-jointing model for describing ultrastructures of cellulose microfibrils. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10055. [PMID: 33980927 PMCID: PMC8115659 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89435-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a finger-jointing model to describe the possible ultrastructures of cellulose microfibrils based on new observations obtained through heating of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) in saturated water vapor. We heated the micrometers-long TEMPO-CNFs in saturated water vapor (≥ 120 °C, ≥ 0.2 MPa) and observed a surprising fact that the long TEMPO-CNFs unzipped into short (100 s of nanometers long) fibers. We characterized the heated TEMPO-CNFs using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and observed the XRD patterns were in consistent with Iβ. We observed also jointed ultrastructures on the heated TEMPO-CNFs via high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). Thus we concluded that cellulose microfibrils are not seamlessly long structures, but serial jointed structures of shorter blocks. Polysaccharide chains of the short blocks organized in Iβ. The jointed region can be either Iα or amorphous, depending on positions and distances among the chains jointed in proximity. Under heating, Iα was not converted into Iβ but was simply destroyed. The jointed structure implies a “working and resting rhythm” in the biosynthesis of cellulose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bunshi Fugetsu
- Institute for Future Initiatives, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Yayoi 2-11-16, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Vipin Adavan Kiliyankil
- Faculty of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Yayoi 2-11-16, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shoichi Takiguchi
- Faculty of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Yayoi 2-11-16, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sakata
- Institute for Future Initiatives, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Yayoi 2-11-16, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.,Faculty of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Yayoi 2-11-16, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Morinobu Endo
- Institute of Carbon Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 4-17-1, Wakasato, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hou Y, Guan QF, Xia J, Ling ZC, He Z, Han ZM, Yang HB, Gu P, Zhu Y, Yu SH, Wu H. Strengthening and Toughening Hierarchical Nanocellulose via Humidity-Mediated Interface. ACS NANO 2021; 15:1310-1320. [PMID: 33372752 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Undoubtedly humidity is a non-negligible and sensitive problem for cellulose, which is usually regarded as one disadvantage to cellulose-based materials because of the uncontrolled deformation and mechanical decline. But the lack of an in-depth understanding of the interfacial behavior of nanocellulose in particular makes it challenging to maintain anticipated performance for cellulose-based materials under varied relative humidity (RH). Starting from multiscale mechanics, we herein carry out first-principles calculations and large-scale molecular dynamics simulations to demonstrate the humidity-mediated interface in hierarchical cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and associated deformation modes. More intriguingly, the simulations and subsequent experiments reveal that water molecules (moisture) as the interfacial media can strengthen and toughen nanocellulose simultaneously within a suitable range of RH. From the perspective of interfacial design in materials, the anomalous mechanical behavior of nanocellulose with humidity-mediated interfaces indicates that flexible hydrogen bonds (HBs) play a pivotal role in the interfacial sliding. The difference between CNC-CNC HBs and CNC-water-CNC HBs triggers the humidity-mediated interfacial slipping in nanocellulose, resulting in the arising of a pronounced strain hardening stage and the suppression of strain localization during uniaxial tension. This inelastic deformation of nanocellulose with humidity-mediated interfaces is similar to the Velcro-like behavior of a wet wood cell wall. Our investigations give evidence that the humidity-mediated interface can promote the mechanical enhancement of nanocellulose, which would provide a promising strategy for the bottom-up design of cellulose-based materials with tailored mechanical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- YuanZhen Hou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Qing-Fang Guan
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jun Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Zhang-Chi Ling
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - ZeZhou He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Zi-Meng Han
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Huai-Bin Yang
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ping Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - YinBo Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Shu-Hong Yu
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - HengAn Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ye D, Rongpipi S, Kiemle SN, Barnes WJ, Chaves AM, Zhu C, Norman VA, Liebman-Peláez A, Hexemer A, Toney MF, Roberts AW, Anderson CT, Cosgrove DJ, Gomez EW, Gomez ED. Preferred crystallographic orientation of cellulose in plant primary cell walls. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4720. [PMID: 32948753 PMCID: PMC7501228 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18449-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose, the most abundant biopolymer on earth, is a versatile, energy rich material found in the cell walls of plants, bacteria, algae, and tunicates. It is well established that cellulose is crystalline, although the orientational order of cellulose crystallites normal to the plane of the cell wall has not been characterized. A preferred orientational alignment of cellulose crystals could be an important determinant of the mechanical properties of the cell wall and of cellulose-cellulose and cellulose-matrix interactions. Here, the crystalline structures of cellulose in primary cell walls of onion (Allium cepa), the model eudicot Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), and moss (Physcomitrella patens) were examined through grazing incidence wide angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS). We find that GIWAXS can decouple diffraction from cellulose and epicuticular wax crystals in cell walls. Pole figures constructed from a combination of GIWAXS and X-ray rocking scans reveal that cellulose crystals have a preferred crystallographic orientation with the (200) and (110)/([Formula: see text]) planes preferentially stacked parallel to the cell wall. This orientational ordering of cellulose crystals, termed texturing in materials science, represents a previously unreported measure of cellulose organization and contradicts the predominant hypothesis of twisting of microfibrils in plant primary cell walls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ye
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Sintu Rongpipi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Sarah N Kiemle
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- 123 Clapp Laboratory, Mount Holyoke College, 50 College Street, South Hadley, MA, 01075, USA
| | - William J Barnes
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Arielle M Chaves
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Victoria A Norman
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Alexander Liebman-Peláez
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Alexander Hexemer
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Michael F Toney
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Alison W Roberts
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Charles T Anderson
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Daniel J Cosgrove
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Esther W Gomez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Enrique D Gomez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ogunsona EO, Mekonnen TH. Multilayer assemblies of cellulose nanocrystal - polyvinyl alcohol films featuring excellent physical integrity and multi-functional properties. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 580:56-67. [PMID: 32682116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A simplistic approach to cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) percolation at low concentrations with multifold increases in properties, through the development of multilayered film assemblies was employed. CNC networks combined with polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) thin films were fabricated leading to multilayer assembly of randomly aligned CNC nanorod bundles, similar to those found in biological structures. Oxygen impermeable barrier property of the films was achieved. The optical clarity remained mostly pristine while exhibiting improved UV absorbance. These films can be applied towards shielding UV sensitive materials that require optical transparency. A 415 and 2300% increase in strength and modulus, respectively, were observed for multilayered film with 10 wt% CNC loading as compared to the baseline neat PVOH film. The multilayers and networks formed through strong hydrogen bonds and structural alignment of the CNCs make this strategy effective in achieving enhanced properties at low CNCs loadings, which can be applied to other polymer films with property limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel O Ogunsona
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Tizazu H Mekonnen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Garg M, Linares M, Zozoulenko I. Theoretical Rationalization of Self-Assembly of Cellulose Nanocrystals: Effect of Surface Modifications and Counterions. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:3069-3080. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Garg
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology (ITN), Campus Norrköping, Linköping University, Norrköping SE-60174, Sweden
| | - Mathieu Linares
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology (ITN), Campus Norrköping, Linköping University, Norrköping SE-60174, Sweden
- Scientific Visualization Group, Department of Science and Technology (ITN), Campus Norrköping, Linköping University, Norrköping SE-60174, Sweden
- Swedish e-Science Research Centre (SeRC), Linköping University, Linköping SE-581 83, Sweden
| | - Igor Zozoulenko
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology (ITN), Campus Norrköping, Linköping University, Norrköping SE-60174, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Linköping University, Norrköping SE-60174, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhu Z, Yin X, Lu F, Wang B, Ma R, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Ma Y, Su J, Yan Q, Hocart CH, Zhou Y. The effect of processing medium on the 2 H/ 1 H of carbon-bound hydrogen in α-cellulose extracted from higher plants. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8641. [PMID: 31965648 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Although the 2 H/1 H ratio of the carbon-bound hydrogens (C-Hs) in α-cellulose extracted from higher plants has long been used successfully for climate, environmental and metabolic studies, the assumption that bleaching with acidified NaClO2 to remove lignin before pure α-cellulose can be obtained does not alter the 2 H/1 H ratio of α-cellulose C-Hs has nonetheless not been tested. METHODS For reliable application of the 2 H/1 H ratio of α-cellulose C-H, we processed plant materials representing different phytochemistries and photosynthetic carbon assimilation modes in isotopically contrasting bleaching media (with an isotopic difference of 273 mUr). All the isotope ratios were measured by elemental analyzer/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA/IRMS). RESULTS Our results show that H from the bleaching medium does appear in the final pure α-cellulose product, although the isotopic alteration to the C-H in α-cellulose due to the incorporation of processing H from the medium is small if isotopically "natural" water is used to prepare the processing medium. However, under prolonged bleaching such an isotope effect can be significant, implying that standardizing the bleaching process is necessary for reliable 2 H/1 H measurement. CONCLUSIONS The currently adopted method for removing lignin for α-cellulose extraction from higher plant materials with acidified NaClO2 bleaching is considered acceptable in terms of preserving the isotopic fidelity if isotopically "natural" water is used to prepare the bleaching solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zhu
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Xijie Yin
- Laboratory of Marine & Coastal Geology, MNR Third Institute of Oceanology, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Fengyan Lu
- Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Ran Ma
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yi Ma
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Jing Su
- Laboratory of Marine & Coastal Geology, MNR Third Institute of Oceanology, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Qiulin Yan
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Charles H Hocart
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, Australia
| | - Youping Zhou
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Han L, Guo J, Wang K, Grönquist P, Li R, Tian X, Yin Y. Hygroscopicity of Waterlogged Archaeological Wood from Xiaobaijiao No.1 Shipwreck Related to Its Deterioration State. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12040834. [PMID: 32268529 PMCID: PMC7240592 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Waterlogged archaeological wood (WAW) artifacts, made of natural biodegradable polymers, are important parts of many precious cultural heritages. It is of great importance to understand the hygroscopic behavior of WAW in different deterioration states for the development of optimal drying processes and choices of safe storage in varying conditions. This was investigated in a case-study using two Hopea (Giam) and two Tectona (Teak) WAW samples collected from the Xiaobaijiao No.1 shipwreck. The deterioration state of WAW was evaluated by the maximum water content (MWC) method and by the cell morphological structure. Both Hopea and Tectona WAW could be classified into moderately and less decayed WAW. The hygroscopic behavior of moderately and less decayed WAW was then comparatively investigated using Dynamic Vapor Sorption (DVS) measurements alongside two sorption fitting models. Compositional analysis and hydroxyl accessibility measurements of WAW cell walls were shown to correlate with the hygroscopicity of WAW in different deterioration states. It was concluded that moderately decayed WAW possessed higher hygroscopicity and hysteresis than less decayed WAW because of the lower relative content of polysaccharides and the higher relative content of lignin, including the slow hydrolysis of O-acetyl groups of xylan and the partial breakage of β-O-4 interlinks, accompanied by an increased hydroxyl accessibility. This work helps in deciding on which consolidation measures are advised for shipwreck restauration, i.e., pretreatments with specific consolidates during wood drying, particularly for wooden artifacts displayed in museums.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liuyang Han
- Department of Wood Anatomy and Utilization, Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Wood Collections (WOODPEDIA), Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Juan Guo
- Department of Wood Anatomy and Utilization, Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Wood Collections (WOODPEDIA), Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Kun Wang
- College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Philippe Grönquist
- Wood Materials Science, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Cellulose & Wood Materials, EMPA, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Ren Li
- Department of Wood Anatomy and Utilization, Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Wood Collections (WOODPEDIA), Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xingling Tian
- Heritage Conservation and Restoration Institute, Chinese Academy of Cultural Heritage, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yafang Yin
- Department of Wood Anatomy and Utilization, Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Wood Collections (WOODPEDIA), Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-62889468
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ciano L, Paradisi A, Hemsworth GR, Tovborg M, Davies GJ, Walton PH. Insights from semi-oriented EPR spectroscopy studies into the interaction of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases with cellulose. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:3413-3422. [PMID: 32125319 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04065j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Probing the detailed interaction between lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) and their polysaccharide substrates is key to revealing further insights into the mechanism of action of this class of enzymes on recalcitrant biomass. This investigation is somewhat hindered, however, by the insoluble nature of the substrates, which precludes the use of most optical spectroscopic techniques. Herein, we report a new semi-oriented EPR method which evaluates directly the binding of cellulose-active LPMOs to crystalline cellulose. We make use of the intrinsic order of cellulose fibres in Apium graveolens (celery) to orient the LPMO with respect to the magnetic field of an EPR spectrometer. The subsequent angle-dependent changes observed in the EPR spectra can then be related to the orientation of the g matrix principal directions with respect to the magnetic field of the spectrometer and, hence, to the binding of the enzyme onto the cellulose fibres. This method, which does not require specific modification of standard CW-EPR equipment, can be used as a general procedure to investigate LPMO-cellulose interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Ciano
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK. and School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Alessandro Paradisi
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Glyn R Hemsworth
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Gideon J Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Paul H Walton
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sai T, Maru J, Obara S, Endoh S, Kajihara H, Fujita K. Screening of preservatives and evaluation of sterilized cellulose nanofibers for toxicity studies. J Occup Health 2020; 62:e12176. [PMID: 33159502 PMCID: PMC7648261 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to establish a sterilization method for cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) dispersions that uses multiple preservatives with different hydrophilicities without affecting the physical and chemical properties of CNFs, and to provide useful information for sample preparation in future toxicity study of CNFs. METHODS Various preservatives were added to the phosphorylated CNF dispersions, endotoxin level and the numbers of bacteria and fungi in the CNF dispersion were analyzed. The pH values and viscosity of sterilized CNF dispersions were compared with those of control and autoclaved CNF dispersions. RESULTS Phosphorylated CNF dispersions at a concentration of 2.0 mg/mL or lower and the addition of 10 µg/mL benzalkonium chloride alone or 250 µg/mL methyl parahydroxybenzoate and 250 µg/mL propyl parahydroxybenzoate in combination can sterilize CNF dispersions without changing the physical and chemical properties of CNFs. CONCLUSIONS We developed sterilization method for CNF dispersions that uses multiple preservatives with different hydrophilicities without affecting the physical and chemical properties of CNFs. This sterilization method for CNFs dispersions can be applied to the safety assessment of CNF with different physicochemical properties in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Sai
- Innovation Promotion DivisionOji Holdings CorporationTokyoJapan
| | - Junko Maru
- Research Institute of Science and Sustainability (RISS)National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)TsukubaJapan
| | - Sawae Obara
- Research Institute of Science and Sustainability (RISS)National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)TsukubaJapan
| | - Shigehisa Endoh
- Research Institute of Science and Sustainability (RISS)National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)TsukubaJapan
| | - Hideo Kajihara
- Research Institute of Science and Sustainability (RISS)National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)TsukubaJapan
| | - Katsuhide Fujita
- Research Institute of Science and Sustainability (RISS)National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)TsukubaJapan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen D, Melton LD, McGillivray DJ, Ryan TM, Harris PJ. Changes in the orientations of cellulose microfibrils during the development of collenchyma cell walls of celery (Apium graveolens L.). PLANTA 2019; 250:1819-1832. [PMID: 31463558 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03262-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
During development, cellulose microfibrils in collenchyma walls become increasingly longitudinal, as determined by small-angle X-ray scattering, despite the walls maintaining a fine structure indicative of a crossed-polylamellate structure. Collenchyma cells have thickened primary cell walls and provide mechanical support during plant growth. During their development, these cells elongate and their walls thicken considerably. We used microscopy and synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering to study changes in the orientations of cellulose microfibrils that occur during development in the walls of collenchyma cells present in peripheral strands in celery (Apium graveolens) petioles. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the walls consisted of many lamellae (polylamellate), with lamellae containing longitudinally oriented cellulose microfibrils alternating with microfibrils oriented at higher angles. The lamellae containing longitudinally oriented microfibrils predominated at later stages of development. Nevertheless, transmission electron microscopy of specially stained, oblique sections provided evidence that the cellulose microfibrils were ordered throughout development as crossed-polylamellate structures. These results are consistent with our synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering results that showed the cellulose microfibrils become oriented increasingly longitudinally during development. Some passive reorientation of cellulose microfibrils may occur during development, but extensive reorientation throughout the wall would destroy ordered structures. Atomic force microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy were used to determine the orientations of newly deposited cellulose microfibrils. These were found to vary widely among different cells, which could be consistent with the formation of crossed-polylamellate structures. These newly deposited cellulose microfibrils are deposited in a layer of pectic polysaccharides that lies immediately outside the plasma membrane. Overall, our results show that during development of collenchyma walls, the cellulose microfibrils become increasingly longitudinal in orientation, yet organized, crossed-polylamellate structures are maintained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da Chen
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland Mail Centre, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Laurence D Melton
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland Mail Centre, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Duncan J McGillivray
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland Mail Centre, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Timothy M Ryan
- The MacDiarmid Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
- The Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Rd, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Philip J Harris
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland Mail Centre, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chen P, Terenzi C, Furó I, Berglund LA, Wohlert J. Quantifying Localized Macromolecular Dynamics within Hydrated Cellulose Fibril Aggregates. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Chen
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Cellulose and its Derivatives, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Camilla Terenzi
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhong R, Cui D, Ye ZH. Secondary cell wall biosynthesis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:1703-1723. [PMID: 30312479 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 1703 I. Introduction 1703 II. Cellulose biosynthesis 1705 III. Xylan biosynthesis 1709 IV. Glucomannan biosynthesis 1713 V. Lignin biosynthesis 1714 VI. Concluding remarks 1717 Acknowledgements 1717 References 1717 SUMMARY: Secondary walls are synthesized in specialized cells, such as tracheary elements and fibers, and their remarkable strength and rigidity provide strong mechanical support to the cells and the plant body. The main components of secondary walls are cellulose, xylan, glucomannan and lignin. Biochemical, molecular and genetic studies have led to the discovery of most of the genes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary wall components. Cellulose is synthesized by cellulose synthase complexes in the plasma membrane and the recent success of in vitro synthesis of cellulose microfibrils by a single recombinant cellulose synthase isoform reconstituted into proteoliposomes opens new doors to further investigate the structure and functions of cellulose synthase complexes. Most genes involved in the glycosyl backbone synthesis, glycosyl substitutions and acetylation of xylan and glucomannan have been genetically characterized and the biochemical properties of some of their encoded enzymes have been investigated. The genes and their encoded enzymes participating in monolignol biosynthesis and modification have been extensively studied both genetically and biochemically. A full understanding of how secondary wall components are synthesized will ultimately enable us to produce plants with custom-designed secondary wall composition tailored to diverse applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqin Zhong
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Dongtao Cui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Zheng-Hua Ye
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Smith KB, Tisserant J, Assenza S, Arcari M, Nyström G, Mezzenga R. Confinement-Induced Ordering and Self-Folding of Cellulose Nanofibrils. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1801540. [PMID: 30828528 PMCID: PMC6382315 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose is a pervasive polymer, displaying hierarchical lengthscales and exceptional strength and stiffness. Cellulose's complex organization, however, also hinders the detailed understanding of the assembly, mesoscopic properties, and structure of individual cellulose building blocks. This study combines nanolithography with atomic force microscopy to unveil the properties and structure of single cellulose nanofibrils under weak geometrical confinement. By statistical analysis of the fibril morphology, it emerges that confinement induces both orientational ordering and self-folding of the fibrils. Excluded volume simulations reveal that this effect does not arise from a fibril population bias applied by the confining slit, but rather that the fibril conformation itself changes under confinement, with self-folding favoring fibril's free volume entropy. Moreover, a nonstochastics angular bending probability of the fibril kinks is measured, ruling out alternating amorphous-crystalline regions. These findings push forward the understanding of cellulose nanofibrils and may inspire the design of functional materials based on fibrous templates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Beth Smith
- Department of Health Sciences and TechnologySwiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich8092ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Jean‐Nicolas Tisserant
- Nanotechnology GroupSwiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich8803RüschlikonSwitzerland
- Institute for High Frequency TechnologyBraunschweig University of Technology38106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Salvatore Assenza
- Department of Health Sciences and TechnologySwiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich8092ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Mario Arcari
- Department of Health Sciences and TechnologySwiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich8092ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Gustav Nyström
- Department of Health Sciences and TechnologySwiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich8092ZurichSwitzerland
- Laboratory for Applied Wood MaterialsEmpa8600DuebendorfSwitzerland
| | - Raffaele Mezzenga
- Department of Health Sciences and TechnologySwiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich8092ZurichSwitzerland
- Department of MaterialsSwiss Federal Institute of Technology8093ZurichSwitzerland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ferreira FV, Mariano M, Pinheiro IF, Cazalini EM, Souza DH, Lepesqueur LS, Koga‐Ito CY, Gouveia RF, Lona LM. Cellulose nanocrystal‐based poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) nanocomposites covered with antimicrobial silver thin films. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filipe V. Ferreira
- School of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas São Paulo Brazil
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano)Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Marcos Mariano
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano)Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Ivanei F. Pinheiro
- School of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Elisa M. Cazalini
- Department of PhysicsTechnological Institute of Aeronautics (ITA) São José dos Campos São Paulo Brazil
| | - Diego H.S. Souza
- Institute of Macromolecules Professor Eloísa Mano (IMA)Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Laura S.S. Lepesqueur
- Department of Biosciences and Oral DiagnosisInstitute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP) São José dos Campos São Paulo Brazil
| | - Cristiane Y. Koga‐Ito
- Department of Biosciences and Oral DiagnosisInstitute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP) São José dos Campos São Paulo Brazil
| | - Rubia F. Gouveia
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano)Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Liliane M.F. Lona
- School of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
A review of natural polysaccharides for drug delivery applications: Special focus on cellulose, starch and glycogen. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:96-108. [PMID: 30086465 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides are renewable with a high degree of biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ability to mimic the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment. Comprehensive investigations of polysaccharides are essential for our fundamental understanding of exploiting its potential as bio-composite, nano-conjugate and in pharmaceutical sectors. Polysaccharides are considered to be superior to other polymers, for its ease in tailoring, bio-compatibility, bio-activity, homogeneity and bio-adhesive properties. The main focus of this review is to spotlight the new advancements and challenges concerned with surface modification, binding domains, biological interaction with the conjugate including stability, polydispersity, and biodegradability. In this review, we have limited our survey to three essential polysaccharides including cellulose, starch, and glycogen that are sourced from plants, microbes, and animals respectively are reviewed. We also present the polysaccharides which have been extensively modified with the various types of conjugates for combating last-ditch pharmaceutical challenges.
Collapse
|
29
|
Nagarajan S, Hu J, Wu H, Duan Y, Zhang J. Study on phase transition behavior and lamellar orientation of uniaxially stretched poly(ʟ-lactide) / cellulose nanocrystal-graft-poly(d-lactide) blend. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
30
|
Zeeshan N, Naz S, Naz S, Afroz A, Zahur M, Zia S. Heterologous expression and enhanced production of β-1,4-glucanase of Bacillus halodurans C-125 in Escherichia coli. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
|
31
|
Phyo P, Wang T, Yang Y, O’Neill H, Hong M. Direct Determination of Hydroxymethyl Conformations of Plant Cell Wall Cellulose Using 1H Polarization Transfer Solid-State NMR. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:1485-1497. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pyae Phyo
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 170 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Tuo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 170 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 170 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hugh O’Neill
- Center for Structural Molecular Biology, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Mei Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 170 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Jarvis MC. Structure of native cellulose microfibrils, the starting point for nanocellulose manufacture. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2018; 376:rsta.2017.0045. [PMID: 29277742 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
There is an emerging consensus that higher plants synthesize cellulose microfibrils that initially comprise 18 chains. However, the mean number of chains per microfibril in situ is usually greater than 18, sometimes much greater. Microfibrils from woody tissues of conifers, grasses and dicotyledonous plants, and from organs like cotton hairs, all differ in detailed structure and mean diameter. Diameters increase further when aggregated microfibrils are isolated. Because surface chains differ, the tensile properties of the cellulose may be augmented by increasing microfibril diameter. Association of microfibrils with anionic polysaccharides in primary cell walls and mucilages leads to in vivo mechanisms of disaggregation that may be relevant to the preparation of nanofibrillar cellulose products. For the preparation of nanocrystalline celluloses, the key issue is the nature and axial spacing of disordered domains at which axial scission can be initiated. These disordered domains do not, as has often been suggested, take the form of large blocks occupying much of the length of the microfibril. They are more likely to be located at chain ends or at places where the microfibril has been mechanically damaged, but their structure and the reasons for their sensitivity to acid hydrolysis need better characterization.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'New horizons for cellulose nanotechnology'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Jarvis
- College of Science and Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tucker G, Yin X, Zhang A, Wang M, Zhu Q, Liu X, Xie X, Chen K, Grierson D. Ethylene† and fruit softening. FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyx024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
34
|
Simultaneous influence of pectin and xyloglucan on structure and mechanical properties of bacterial cellulose composites. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 174:970-979. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
35
|
Guo J, Du W, Gao Y, Cao Y, Yin Y. Cellulose nanocrystals as water-in-oil Pickering emulsifiers via intercalative modification. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
36
|
Ling Z, Chen S, Zhang X, Takabe K, Xu F. Unraveling variations of crystalline cellulose induced by ionic liquid and their effects on enzymatic hydrolysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10230. [PMID: 28860612 PMCID: PMC5579251 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09885-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquid (IL) is one of the pretreatment processes gaining considerable interests to remove the native recalcitrance of lignocellulose. But the cellulose crystalline transformation during the pretreatment and their correlations with enzymatic digestibility have not been fully elucidated. Microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel) and holocellulose, which have differential sources and original crystallinity, were respectively pretreated with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C4min]Cl). Cellulose crystalline variations as well as chemical and morphological changes were determined. Crystallinity of different materials was proved to influence the effects of pretreatment and following enzymatic digestibility. Recrystallized cellulose Iβ was revealed from slight initial cellulose Iα of Avicel, which was accomplished via formation of intermediate paracrystalline phases. The conversion yield of IL pretreated Avicel displayed no obvious changes, mainly resulted from initial high crystalline order and the recrystallization behavior. Recalcitrance of holocellulose was destroyed during cellulose allomorph transformation and hemicelluloses extraction, contributing to significant increase of glucose yield up to 92.20%. Explicit comprehension on cellulose supramolecular structure may help provide more efficient process for bioconversion after IL pretreatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Ling
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xueming Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Keiji Takabe
- Laboratory of Tree Cell Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Feng Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ezeilo UR, Zakaria II, Huyop F, Wahab RA. Enzymatic breakdown of lignocellulosic biomass: the role of glycosyl hydrolases and lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2017.1330124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
|
38
|
Meseck GR, Terpstra AS, MacLachlan MJ. Liquid crystal templating of nanomaterials with nature's toolbox. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
39
|
Zheng Y, Shi J, Tu M, Cheng YS. Principles and Development of Lignocellulosic Biomass Pretreatment for Biofuels. ADVANCES IN BIOENERGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aibe.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
40
|
Endes C, Camarero-Espinosa S, Mueller S, Foster EJ, Petri-Fink A, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Weder C, Clift MJD. A critical review of the current knowledge regarding the biological impact of nanocellulose. J Nanobiotechnology 2016; 14:78. [PMID: 27903280 PMCID: PMC5131550 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-016-0230-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Several forms of nanocellulose, notably cellulose nanocrystals and nanofibrillated cellulose, exhibit attractive property matrices and are potentially useful for a large number of industrial applications. These include the paper and cardboard industry, use as reinforcing filler in polymer composites, basis for low-density foams, additive in adhesives and paints, as well as a wide variety of food, hygiene, cosmetic, and medical products. Although the commercial exploitation of nanocellulose has already commenced, little is known as to the potential biological impact of nanocellulose, particularly in its raw form. This review provides a comprehensive and critical review of the current state of knowledge of nanocellulose in this format. Overall, the data seems to suggest that when investigated under realistic doses and exposure scenarios, nanocellulose has a limited associated toxic potential, albeit certain forms of nanocellulose can be associated with more hazardous biological behavior due to their specific physical characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C. Endes
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), Cnr College Rd & Cooper Rd, Building 75, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - S. Camarero-Espinosa
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), Cnr College Rd & Cooper Rd, Building 75, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - S. Mueller
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - E. J. Foster
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Macromolecules Innovation Institute (MII), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), 213 Holden Hall, 445 Old Turner Street, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - A. Petri-Fink
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - B. Rothen-Rutishauser
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - C. Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - M. J. D. Clift
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park Campus, Swansea, SA2 8PP Wales, UK
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kuribayashi T, Ogawa Y, Rochas C, Matsumoto Y, Heux L, Nishiyama Y. Hydrothermal Transformation of Wood Cellulose Crystals into Pseudo-Orthorhombic Structure by Cocrystallization. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:730-734. [PMID: 35614654 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ultrastructural transformation of wood cellulose crystals by hydrothermal treatment was followed by synchrotron and standard X-ray scattering experiments. When treated at 200 °C for 2 h in the presence of an excess of water, a significant sharpening of the equatorial reflections of crystalline cellulose was observed, and the average crystallite size, estimated from the X-ray line broadening, was twice as large as that of untreated wood cellulose. During the treatment, the cellulose structure was converted from the native monoclinic form of cellulose I into a pseudo-orthorhombic system, coined as cellulose I', a transformation occurring only with an excess of water, above 180 °C and after more than half an hour. In situ experiments indicated that the increase of crystallite size was likely due to cocrystallization of individual crystallites rather than to the crystallization of the amorphous domains of cellulose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Kuribayashi
- Graduate
School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yu Ogawa
- CNRS, CERMAV, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- Univ. Grenoble
Alpes
CERMAV, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Cyrille Rochas
- CNRS, CERMAV, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- Univ. Grenoble
Alpes
CERMAV, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Yuji Matsumoto
- Graduate
School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Laurent Heux
- CNRS, CERMAV, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- Univ. Grenoble
Alpes
CERMAV, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Yoshiharu Nishiyama
- CNRS, CERMAV, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- Univ. Grenoble
Alpes
CERMAV, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
|
43
|
Zujovic Z, Chen D, Melton LD. Comparison of celery (Apium graveolens L.) collenchyma and parenchyma cell wall polysaccharides enabled by solid-state 13C NMR. Carbohydr Res 2016; 420:51-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
44
|
Kundu S, Sharma R. In silico Identification and Taxonomic Distribution of Plant Class C GH9 Endoglucanases. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1185. [PMID: 27570528 PMCID: PMC4981690 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The glycoside hydrolase 9 superfamily, mainly comprising the endoglucanases, is represented in all three domains of life. The current division of GH9 enzymes, into three subclasses, namely A, B, and C, is centered on parameters derived from sequence information alone. However, this classification is ambiguous, and is limited by the paralogous ancestry of classes B and C endoglucanases, and paucity of biochemical and structural data. Here, we extend this classification schema to putative GH9 endoglucanases present in green plants, with an emphasis on identifying novel members of the class C subset. These enzymes cleave the β(1 → 4) linkage between non-terminal adjacent D-glucopyranose residues, in both, amorphous and crystalline regions of cellulose. We utilized non redundant plant GH9 enzymes with characterized molecular data, as the training set to construct Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) and train an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The parameters that were used for predicting dominant enzyme function, were derived from this training set, and subsequently refined on 147 sequences with available expression data. Our knowledge-based approach, can ascribe differential endoglucanase activity (A, B, or C) to a query sequence with high confidence, and was used to construct a local repository of class C GH9 endoglucanases (GH9C = 241) from 32 sequenced green plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Kundu
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar Medical College & HospitalNew Delhi, India
- Mathematical and Computational Biology, Information Technology Research Academy, Media Lab AsiaNew Delhi, India
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Siddhartha Kundu
| | - Rita Sharma
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi, India
- Rita Sharma
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lee CM, Kubicki JD, Fan B, Zhong L, Jarvis MC, Kim SH. Hydrogen-Bonding Network and OH Stretch Vibration of Cellulose: Comparison of Computational Modeling with Polarized IR and SFG Spectra. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:15138-49. [PMID: 26615832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b08015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen bonds play critical roles in noncovalent directional interactions determining the crystal structure of cellulose. Although diffraction studies accurately determined the coordinates of carbon and oxygen atoms in crystalline cellulose, the structural information on hydrogen atoms involved in hydrogen-bonding is still elusive. This could be complemented by vibrational spectroscopy; but the assignment of the OH stretch peaks has been controversial. In this study, we performed calculations using density functional theory with dispersion corrections (DFT-D2) for the cellulose Iβ crystal lattices with the experimentally determined carbon and oxygen coordinates. DFT-D2 calculations revealed that the OH stretch vibrations of cellulose are highly coupled and delocalized through intra- and interchain hydrogen bonds involving all OH groups in the crystal. Additionally, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of a single cellulose microfibril showed that the conformations of OH groups exposed at the microfibril surface are not well-defined. Comparison of the computation results with the experimentally determined IR dichroism of uniaxially aligned cellulose microfibrils and the peak positions of various cellulose crystals allowed unambiguous identification of OH stretch modes observed in the vibrational spectra of cellulose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania United States.,Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania United States
| | - James D Kubicki
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso , El Paso, Texas 79968, United States.,Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania United States
| | - Bingxin Fan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania United States.,Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania United States
| | - Linghao Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University , Mont Alto, Pennsylvania 17237, United States.,Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania United States
| | - Michael C Jarvis
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, U.K
| | - Seong H Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania United States.,Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania United States
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose in the presence of different nanoparticles to create novel hybrid materials. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 129:148-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
47
|
Understanding nanocellulose chirality and structure-properties relationship at the single fibril level. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7564. [PMID: 26108282 PMCID: PMC4491835 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocellulose fibrils are ubiquitous in nature and nanotechnologies but their mesoscopic structural assembly is not yet fully understood. Here we study the structural features of rod-like cellulose nanoparticles on a single particle level, by applying statistical polymer physics concepts on electron and atomic force microscopy images, and we assess their physical properties via quantitative nanomechanical mapping. We show evidence of right-handed chirality, observed on both bundles and on single fibrils. Statistical analysis of contours from microscopy images shows a non-Gaussian kink angle distribution. This is inconsistent with a structure consisting of alternating amorphous and crystalline domains along the contour and supports process-induced kink formation. The intrinsic mechanical properties of nanocellulose are extracted from nanoindentation and persistence length method for transversal and longitudinal directions, respectively. The structural analysis is pushed to the level of single cellulose polymer chains, and their smallest associated unit with a proposed 2 × 2 chain-packing arrangement. Cellulose is a material found in many different biological systems, but the fine structure at the single-molecule level is still being assessed. Here, the authors present high-resolution imaging of cellulose structures at the single particle level, finding evidence of chirality in bundles and fibrils.
Collapse
|
48
|
Thomas LH, Forsyth VT, Martel A, Grillo I, Altaner CM, Jarvis MC. Diffraction evidence for the structure of cellulose microfibrils in bamboo, a model for grass and cereal celluloses. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:153. [PMID: 26099632 PMCID: PMC4477487 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0538-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellulose from grasses and cereals makes up much of the potential raw material for biofuel production. It is not clear if cellulose microfibrils from grasses and cereals differ in structure from those of other plants. The structures of the highly oriented cellulose microfibrils in the cell walls of the internodes of the bamboo Pseudosasa amabilis are reported. Strong orientation facilitated the use of a range of scattering techniques. RESULTS Small-angle neutron scattering provided evidence of extensive aggregation by hydrogen bonding through the hydrophilic edges of the sheets of chains. The microfibrils had a mean centre-to-centre distance of 3.0 nm in the dry state, expanding on hydration. The expansion on hydration suggests that this distance between centres was through the hydrophilic faces of adjacent microfibrils. However in the other direction, perpendicular to the sheets of chains, the mean, disorder-corrected Scherrer dimension from wide-angle X-ray scattering was 3.8 nm. It is possible that this dimension is increased by twinning (crystallographic coalescence) of thinner microfibrils over part of their length, through the hydrophobic faces. The wide-angle scattering data also showed that the microfibrils had a relatively large intersheet d-spacing and small monoclinic angle, features normally considered characteristic of primary-wall cellulose. CONCLUSIONS Bamboo microfibrils have features found in both primary-wall and secondary-wall cellulose, but are crystallographically coalescent to a greater extent than is common in celluloses from other plants. The extensive aggregation and local coalescence of the microfibrils are likely to have parallels in other grass and cereal species and to influence the accessibility of cellulose to degradative enzymes during conversion to liquid biofuels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynne H Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - V Trevor Forsyth
- Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, Cedex 9 38042, France.
- EPSAM/ISTM, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Anne Martel
- Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, Cedex 9 38042, France.
| | | | - Clemens M Altaner
- New Zealand School of Forestry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 4180, New Zealand.
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Erbas Kiziltas E, Kiziltas A, Gardner DJ. Synthesis of bacterial cellulose using hot water extracted wood sugars. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 124:131-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
50
|
Dupree R, Simmons TJ, Mortimer JC, Patel D, Iuga D, Brown SP, Dupree P. Probing the molecular architecture of Arabidopsis thaliana secondary cell walls using two- and three-dimensional (13)C solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Biochemistry 2015; 54:2335-45. [PMID: 25739924 DOI: 10.1021/bi501552k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The plant secondary cell wall is a thickened polysaccharide and phenolic structure, providing mechanical strength to cells, particularly in woody tissues. It is the main feedstock for the developing bioenergy and green chemistry industries. Despite the role that molecular architecture (the arrangement of biopolymers relative to each other, and their conformations) plays in dictating biomass properties, such as recalcitrance to breakdown, it is poorly understood. Here, unprocessed dry (13)C-labeled stems from the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana were analyzed by a variety of (13)C solid state magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance methods, such as one-dimensional cross-polarization and direct polarization, two-dimensional refocused INADEQUATE, RFDR, PDSD, and three-dimensional DARR, demonstrating their viability for the study of native polymer arrangements in intact secondary cell walls. All carbon sites of the two main glucose environments in cellulose (previously assigned to microfibril surface and interior residues) are clearly resolved, as are carbon sites of the other major components of the secondary cell wall: xylan and lignin. The xylan carbon 4 chemical shift is markedly different from that reported previously for solution or primary cell wall xylan, indicating significant changes in the helical conformation in these dried stems. Furthermore, the shift span indicates that xylan adopts a wide range of conformations in this material, with very little in the 31 conformation typical of xylan in solution. Additionally, spatial connections of noncarbohydrate species were observed with both cellulose peaks conventionally assigned as "surface" and as "interior" cellulose environments, raising questions about the origin of these two cellulose signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ray Dupree
- †Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Thomas J Simmons
- ‡Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, U.K
| | - Jennifer C Mortimer
- ‡Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, U.K
| | - Dharmesh Patel
- †Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.,‡Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, U.K
| | - Dinu Iuga
- †Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Steven P Brown
- †Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Paul Dupree
- ‡Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, U.K
| |
Collapse
|