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Bokatyi AN, Dubashynskaya NV, Skorik YA. Chemical modification of hyaluronic acid as a strategy for the development of advanced drug delivery systems. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 337:122145. [PMID: 38710553 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) has emerged as a promising biopolymer for various biomedical applications due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and intrinsic ability to interact with cell surface receptors, making it an attractive candidate for drug delivery systems and tissue engineering. Chemical modification of HA has opened up versatile possibilities to tailor its properties, enabling the development of advanced drug delivery systems and biomaterials with enhanced functionalities and targeted applications. This review analyzes the strategies and applications of chemically modified HA in the field of drug delivery and biomaterial development. The first part of the review focuses on the different methods and functional groups used for the chemical modification of HA, highlighting the impact of these modifications on its physicochemical properties, degradation behavior and interactions with drugs. The second part of the review evaluates the use of chemically modified HA in the development of advanced biomedical materials including nano- and microparticles, hydrogels and mucoadhesive materials with tailored drug release profiles, site-specific targeting and stimuli-responsive behavior. Thus, the review consolidates the current advances and future perspectives in the field of chemical modification of HA, underscoring its immense potential to drive the development of advanced drug delivery systems and biomaterials with diverse biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton N Bokatyi
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoi VO 31, St. Petersburg 199004, Russian Federation
| | - Natallia V Dubashynskaya
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoi VO 31, St. Petersburg 199004, Russian Federation
| | - Yury A Skorik
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoi VO 31, St. Petersburg 199004, Russian Federation.
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2
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Pérez-Lloret M, Erxleben A. Improved and Highly Reproducible Synthesis of Methacrylated Hyaluronic Acid with Tailored Degrees of Substitution. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:25914-25921. [PMID: 38911780 PMCID: PMC11191076 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) is a versatile material that has gained significant attention in various pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. This biocompatible material can be photo-cross-linked in the presence of Irgacure 2959 (I2959) to produce hydrogels. Controlling the degree of methacrylation (DM) is crucial since it plays a pivotal role in determining the properties and thus the potential applications of the gels. We report herein a new green approach for the highly controlled and tailored modification of hyaluronic acid (HA) with methacrylic anhydride (MA). The reaction conditions of previously reported procedures were optimized, leading to a decreased reaction time (3 h instead of 24 h) and consumption of fewer equivalents of MA (5 equiv instead of 20) and water as the sole solvent. By changing the amount of base added, HAMA with three different DMs was obtained: 19, 35, and 60%. The influence of the molecular weight of HA, degree of substitution, and concentration of the HAMA solution prior to photo-cross-linking on the rheological, swelling, and degradation properties of HAMA hydrogels was also studied in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pérez-Lloret
- School of Biological and
Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Andrea Erxleben
- School of Biological and
Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
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3
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Zakeri Z, Heiderzadeh M, Kocaarslan A, Metin E, Hosseini Karimi SN, Saghati S, Vural A, Akyoldaş G, Baysal K, Yağcı Y, Gürsoy-Özdemir Y, Taşoğlu S, Rahbarghazi R, Sokullu E. Exosomes encapsulated in hydrogels for effective central nervous system drug delivery. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:2561-2578. [PMID: 38602364 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01055d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The targeted delivery of pharmacologically active molecules, metabolites, and growth factors to the brain parenchyma has become one of the major challenges following the onset of neurodegeneration and pathological conditions. The therapeutic effect of active biomolecules is significantly impaired after systemic administration in the central nervous system (CNS) because of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Therefore, the development of novel therapeutic approaches capable of overcoming these limitations is under discussion. Exosomes (Exo) are nano-sized vesicles of endosomal origin that have a high distribution rate in biofluids. Recent advances have introduced Exo as naturally suitable bio-shuttles for the delivery of neurotrophic factors to the brain parenchyma. In recent years, many researchers have attempted to regulate the delivery of Exo to target sites while reducing their removal from circulation. The encapsulation of Exo in natural and synthetic hydrogels offers a valuable strategy to address the limitations of Exo, maintaining their integrity and controlling their release at a desired site. Herein, we highlight the current and novel approaches related to the application of hydrogels for the encapsulation of Exo in the field of CNS tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziba Zakeri
- Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Rumeli Feneri, 34450, Istanbul, Sariyer, Turkey.
| | - Morteza Heiderzadeh
- Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Rumeli Feneri, 34450, Istanbul, Sariyer, Turkey.
| | - Azra Kocaarslan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, İstanbul Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ecem Metin
- Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Rumeli Feneri, 34450, Istanbul, Sariyer, Turkey.
| | | | - Sepideh Saghati
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Atay Vural
- Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Rumeli Feneri, 34450, Istanbul, Sariyer, Turkey.
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, KoÒ« University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Göktuğ Akyoldaş
- Department of Neurosurgery, Koç University Hospital, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Kemal Baysal
- Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Rumeli Feneri, 34450, Istanbul, Sariyer, Turkey.
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Yağcı
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, İstanbul Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Gürsoy-Özdemir
- Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Rumeli Feneri, 34450, Istanbul, Sariyer, Turkey.
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, KoÒ« University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Savaş Taşoğlu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Rumeli Feneri, 34450, Istanbul, Sariyer, Turkey.
- Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Koç University, Rumeli Feneri, 34450, Istanbul, Sariyer, Turkey
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Emel Sokullu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Rumeli Feneri, 34450, Istanbul, Sariyer, Turkey.
- Biophysics Department, Koç University School of Medicine, Rumeli Feneri, 34450, Istanbul, Sariyer, Turkey
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4
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Milne C, Song R, Johnson M, Zhao C, Santoro Ferrer F, A S, Lyu J, Wang W. Dual-Modified Hyaluronic Acid for Tunable Double Cross-Linked Hydrogel Adhesives. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:2645-2655. [PMID: 38456398 PMCID: PMC11005013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Conventional techniques for the closure of wounds, such as sutures and staples, have significant drawbacks that can negatively impact wound healing. Tissue adhesives have emerged as promising alternatives, but poor adhesion, low mechanical properties, and toxicity have hindered their widespread clinical adoption. In this work, a dual modified, aldehyde and methacrylate hyaluronic acid (HA) biopolymer (HA-MA-CHO) has been synthesized through a simplified route for use as a double cross-linked network (DCN) hydrogel (HA-MA-CHO-DCN) adhesive for the effective closure and sealing of wounds. HA-MA-CHO-DCN cross-links in two stages: initial cross-linking of the aldehyde functionality (CHO) of HA-MA-CHO using a disulfide-containing cross-linker, 3,3'-dithiobis (propionic hydrazide) (DTPH), leading to the formation of a self-healing injectable gel, followed by further cross-linking via ultraviolet (UV) initiated polymerization of the methacrylate (MA) functionality. This hydrogel adhesive shows a stable swelling behavior and remarkable versatility as the storage modulus (G') has shown to be highly tunable (103-105 Pa) for application to many different wound environments. The new HA-MA-CHO-DCN hydrogel showed excellent adhesive properties by surpassing the burst pressure and lap-shear strength for the widely used bovine serum albumin-glutaraldehyde (BSAG) glue while maintaining excellent cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Milne
- Charles
Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4 D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Rijian Song
- Charles
Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4 D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Melissa Johnson
- Charles
Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4 D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Chunyu Zhao
- Charles
Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4 D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Francesca Santoro Ferrer
- Charles
Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4 D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Sigen A
- Charles
Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4 D04 V1W8, Ireland
- School
of Medicine, Anhui University of Science
and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Jing Lyu
- Charles
Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4 D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Wenxin Wang
- Charles
Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4 D04 V1W8, Ireland
- Research
and Clinical Translation Center of Gene Medicine and Tissue Engineering,
School of Public Health, Anhui University
of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
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5
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Pepe A, Laezza A, Armiento F, Bochicchio B. Chemical Modifications in Hyaluronic Acid-Based Electrospun Scaffolds. Chempluschem 2024:e202300599. [PMID: 38507283 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a natural, non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) present in ECM. It is involved in different biological functions with appealing properties in cosmetics and pharmaceutical preparations as well as in tissue engineering. Generally, HA has been electrospun in blends with natural or synthetic polymers to produce fibers having diameters in the order of nano and micro-scale whose pores can host cells able to regenerate damaged tissues. In the last decade, a rich literature on electrospun HA-based materials arose. Chemical modifications were generally introduced in HA scaffolds to favour crosslinking or conjugation with bioactive molecules. Considering the high solubility of HA in water, HA-based electrospun scaffolds are cross-linked to increase the stability in biological fluids. Crosslinking is necessary also to avoid the release of HA from the hybrid scaffold when implanted in-vivo. Furthermore, to endow the HA based scaffolds with new chemical or biological properties, conjugation of bioactive molecules to HA was widely reported. Herein, we review the existing research classifying chemical modifications on HA and HA-based electrospun fibers into three categories: i) in-situ crosslinking of electrospun HA-based scaffolds ii) off-site crosslinking of electrospun HA-based scaffolds; iii) conjugation of biofunctional molecules to HA with focus on peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Pepe
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Via Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Antonio Laezza
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Via Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Francesca Armiento
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Via Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Brigida Bochicchio
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Via Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
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6
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Clift CL, Blaser MC, Gerrits W, Turner ME, Sonawane A, Pham T, Andresen JL, Fenton OS, Grolman JM, Campedelli A, Buffolo F, Schoen FJ, Hjortnaes J, Muehlschlegel JD, Mooney DJ, Aikawa M, Singh SA, Langer R, Aikawa E. Intracellular proteomics and extracellular vesiculomics as a metric of disease recapitulation in 3D-bioprinted aortic valve arrays. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj9793. [PMID: 38416823 PMCID: PMC10901368 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj9793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
In calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD), mechanosensitive valvular cells respond to fibrosis- and calcification-induced tissue stiffening, further driving pathophysiology. No pharmacotherapeutics are available to treat CAVD because of the paucity of (i) appropriate experimental models that recapitulate this complex environment and (ii) benchmarking novel engineered aortic valve (AV)-model performance. We established a biomaterial-based CAVD model mimicking the biomechanics of the human AV disease-prone fibrosa layer, three-dimensional (3D)-bioprinted into 96-well arrays. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analyses probed the cellular proteome and vesiculome to compare the 3D-bioprinted model versus traditional 2D monoculture, against human CAVD tissue. The 3D-bioprinted model highly recapitulated the CAVD cellular proteome (94% versus 70% of 2D proteins). Integration of cellular and vesicular datasets identified known and unknown proteins ubiquitous to AV calcification. This study explores how 2D versus 3D-bioengineered systems recapitulate unique aspects of human disease, positions multiomics as a technique for the evaluation of high throughput-based bioengineered model systems, and potentiates future drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra L Clift
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mark C Blaser
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Willem Gerrits
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mandy E Turner
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Abhijeet Sonawane
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tan Pham
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jason L Andresen
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Owen S Fenton
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Joshua M Grolman
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02134, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, The Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Alesandra Campedelli
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fabrizio Buffolo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension Unite, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torin, Turin, Italy
| | - Frederick J Schoen
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jesper Hjortnaes
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jochen D Muehlschlegel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David J Mooney
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02134, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Masanori Aikawa
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sasha A Singh
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard and MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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7
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Jain P, Jangid AK, Pooja D, Kulhari H. Design of manganese-based nanomaterials for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:577-608. [PMID: 38116805 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00779k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
In the past few years, manganese-based nanostructures have been extensively investigated in the biomedical field particularly to design highly biocompatible theranostics, which can not only act as efficient diagnostic imaging contrast agents but also deliver the drugs to the target sites. The nanoscale size, large surface area-to-volume ratio, availability of cheap precursors, flexibility to synthesize nanostructures with reproducible properties and high yield, and easy scale up are the major reasons for the attraction towards manganese nanostructures. Along with these properties, the nontoxic nature, pH-sensitive degradation, and easy surface functionalization are additional benefits for the use of manganese nanostructures in biomedical and pharmaceutical sciences. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the recent progress made in the synthesis of manganese nanostructures, describe the attempts made to modify their surfaces to impart biocompatibility and stability in biological fluids, and critically discuss their use in magnetic resonance imaging, drug and gene delivery, hyperthermia, photothermal/photodynamic, immunotherapy, biosensing and tumor diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Jain
- School of Nano Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, 382030, India.
- Department of Life Sciences, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Limda Road, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391760, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Jangid
- School of Nano Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, 382030, India.
| | - Deep Pooja
- School of Pharmacy, National Forensic Sciences University, Sector 9, Gandhinagar, 382007, Gujarat, India.
| | - Hitesh Kulhari
- School of Nano Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, 382030, India.
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Astaneh ME, Fereydouni N. A focused review on hyaluronic acid contained nanofiber formulations for diabetic wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127607. [PMID: 37871723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The significant clinical challenge presented by diabetic wounds is due to their impaired healing process and increased risk of complications. It is estimated that a foot ulcer will develop at some point in the lives of 15-25 % of diabetic patients. Serious complications, including infection and amputation, are often led to by these wounds. In the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, nanofiber-based wound dressings have emerged in recent years as promising therapeutic strategies for diabetic wound healing. Hyaluronic acid (HA), among various nanofiber materials, has gained considerable attention due to its unique properties, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, and excellent moisture retention capacity. By promoting skin hydration and controlling inflammation, a crucial role in wound healing is played by HA. Wounds are also helped to heal faster by HA through the regulation of inflammation levels and signaling the body to build more blood vessels in the damaged area. Great potential in various applications, including wound healing, has been shown by the development and use of nanofiber formulations in medicine. However, challenges and limitations associated with nanofibers in medicine exist, such as reproducibility, proper characterization, and biological evaluation. By providing a biomimetic environment that enhances re-epithelialization and facilitates the delivery of active substances, nanofibers promote wound healing. In accelerating wound healing, promising results have been shown by HA-contained nanofiber formulations in diabetic wounds. Key strategies employed by these formulations include revascularization, modulation of the inflammation microenvironment, delivery of active substances, photothermal nanofibers, and nanoparticle-loaded fabrics. Particularly crucial is revascularization as it restores blood flow to the wound area, promoting healing. Wound healing can also be enhanced by modulating the inflammation microenvironment through controlling inflammation levels. Future perspectives in this field involve addressing the current challenges and limitations of nanofiber technology and further optimizing HA-contained nanofiber formulations for improved efficacy in diabetic wound healing. This includes exploring new fabrication techniques, enhancing the biocompatibility and biodegradability of nanofibers, and developing multifunctional nanofibers for targeted drug delivery. Not only does writing a review in the field of nanofiber-based wound dressings, particularly those containing hyaluronic acid, allow us to consolidate our current knowledge and understanding but also broadens our horizons. An opportunity is provided to delve deeper into the intricacies of this innovative therapeutic strategy, explore its potential and limitations, and envision future directions. By doing so, a contribution can be made to the ongoing advancements in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, ultimately improving the quality of life for patients with diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ebrahim Astaneh
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran; Student Research Committee, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Narges Fereydouni
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran; Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran; Student Research Committee, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
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9
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Panebianco CJ, Constant C, Vernengo AJ, Nehrbass D, Gehweiler D, DiStefano TJ, Martin J, Alpert DJ, Chaudhary SB, Hecht AC, Seifert AC, Nicoll SB, Grad S, Zeiter S, Iatridis JC. Combining adhesive and nonadhesive injectable hydrogels for intervertebral disc repair in an ovine discectomy model. JOR Spine 2023; 6:e1293. [PMID: 38156055 PMCID: PMC10751969 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intervertebral disc (IVD) disorders (e.g., herniation) directly contribute to back pain, which is a leading cause of global disability. Next-generation treatments for IVD herniation need advanced preclinical testing to evaluate their ability to repair large defects, prevent reherniation, and limit progressive degeneration. This study tested whether experimental, injectable, and nonbioactive biomaterials could slow IVD degeneration in an ovine discectomy model. Methods Ten skeletally mature sheep (4-5.5 years) experienced partial discectomy injury with cruciate-style annulus fibrosus (AF) defects and 0.1 g nucleus pulposus (NP) removal in the L1-L2, L2-L3, and L3-L4 lumbar IVDs. L4-L5 IVDs were Intact controls. IVD injury levels received: (1) no treatment (Injury), (2) poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), (3) genipin-crosslinked fibrin (FibGen), (4) carboxymethylcellulose-methylcellulose (C-MC), or (5) C-MC and FibGen (FibGen + C-MC). Animals healed for 12 weeks, then IVDs were assessed using computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and histopathology. Results All repaired IVDs retained ~90% of their preoperative disc height and showed minor degenerative changes by Pfirrmann grading. All repairs had similar disc height loss and Pfirrmann grade as Injury IVDs. Adhesive AF sealants (i.e., PEGDA and FibGen) did not herniate, although repair caused local endplate (EP) changes and inflammation. NP repair biomaterials (i.e., C-MC) and combination repair (i.e., FibGen + C-MC) exhibited lower levels of degeneration, less EP damage, and less severe inflammation; however, C-MC showed signs of herniation via biomaterial expulsion. Conclusions All repair IVDs were noninferior to Injury IVDs by IVD height loss and Pfirrmann grade. C-MC and FibGen + C-MC IVDs had the best outcomes, and may be appropriate for enhancement with bioactive factors (e.g., cells, growth factors, and miRNAs). Such bioactive factors appear to be necessary to prevent injury-induced IVD degeneration. Application of AF sealants alone (i.e., PEGDA and FibGen) resulted in EP damage and inflammation, particularly for PEGDA IVDs, suggesting further material refinements are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Panebianco
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of OrthopaedicsIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | | | - Andrea J. Vernengo
- AO Research Institute DavosDavosSwitzerland
- Department of Chemical EngineeringRowan UniversityGlassboroNJUSA
| | | | | | - Tyler J. DiStefano
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of OrthopaedicsIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Jesse Martin
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe City College of New YorkNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - David J. Alpert
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe City College of New YorkNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Saad B. Chaudhary
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of OrthopaedicsIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Andrew C. Hecht
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of OrthopaedicsIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Alan C. Seifert
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Steven B. Nicoll
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe City College of New YorkNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | | | | | - James C. Iatridis
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of OrthopaedicsIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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10
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Kerr MD, Johnson WT, McBride DA, Chumber AK, Shah NJ. Biodegradable scaffolds for enhancing vaccine delivery. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10591. [PMID: 38023723 PMCID: PMC10658593 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustained release of vaccine components is a potential method to boost efficacy compared with traditional bolus injection. Here, we show that a biodegradable hyaluronic acid (HA)-scaffold, termed HA cryogel, mediates sustained antigen and adjuvant release in vivo leading to a durable immune response. Delivery from subcutaneously injected HA cryogels was assessed and a formulation which enhanced the immune response while minimizing the inflammation associated with the foreign body response was identified, termed CpG-OVA-HAC2. Dose escalation studies with CpG-OVA-HAC2 demonstrated that both the antibody and T cell responses were dose-dependent and influenced by the competency of neutrophils to perform oxidative burst. In immunodeficient post-hematopoietic stem cell transplanted mice, immunization with CpG-OVA-HAC2 elicited a strong antibody response, three orders of magnitude higher than dose-matched bolus injection. In a melanoma model, CpG-OVA-HAC2 induced dose-responsive prophylactic protection, slowing the tumor growth rate and enhancing overall survival. Upon rechallenge, none of the mice developed new tumors suggesting the development of robust immunological memory and long-lasting protection against repeat infections. CpG-OVA-HAC2 also enhanced survival in mice with established tumors. The results from this work support the potential for CpG-OVA-HAC2 to enhance vaccine delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Kerr
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Chemical Engineering ProgramUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Wade T. Johnson
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - David A. McBride
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Chemical Engineering ProgramUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Arun K. Chumber
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Chemical Engineering ProgramUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Nisarg J. Shah
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Chemical Engineering ProgramUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
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11
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O'Shea DG, Hodgkinson T, Curtin CM, O'Brien FJ. An injectable and 3D printable pro-chondrogenic hyaluronic acid and collagen type II composite hydrogel for the repair of articular cartilage defects. Biofabrication 2023; 16:015007. [PMID: 37852239 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad047a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Current treatments for repairing articular cartilage defects are limited. However, pro-chondrogenic hydrogels formulated using articular cartilage matrix components (such as hyaluronic acid (HA) and collagen type II (Col II)), offer a potential solution if they could be injected into the defect via minimally invasive arthroscopic procedures, or used as bioinks to 3D print patient-specific customised regenerative scaffolds-potentially combined with cells. However, HA and Col II are difficult to incorporate into injectable/3D printable hydrogels due to poor physicochemical properties. This study aimed to overcome this by developing an articular cartilage matrix-inspired pro-chondrogenic hydrogel with improved physicochemical properties for both injectable and 3D printing (3DP) applications. To achieve this, HA was methacrylated to improve mechanical properties and mixed in a 1:1 ratio with Col I, a Col I/Col II blend or Col II. Col I possesses superior mechanical properties to Col II and so was hypothesised to enhance hydrogel mechanical properties. Rheological analysis showed that the pre-gels had viscoelastic and shear thinning properties. Subsequent physicochemical analysis of the crosslinked hydrogels showed that Col II inclusion resulted in a more swollen and softer polymer network, without affecting degradation time. While all hydrogels exhibited exemplary injectability, only the Col I-containing hydrogels had sufficient mechanical stability for 3DP applications. To facilitate 3DP of multi-layered scaffolds using methacrylated HA (MeHA)-Col I and MeHA-Col I/Col II, additional mechanical support in the form of a gelatin slurry support bath freeform reversible embedding of suspended hydrogels was utilised. Biological analysis revealed that Col II inclusion enhanced hydrogel-embedded MSC chondrogenesis, thus MeHA-Col II was selected as the optimal injectable hydrogel, and MeHA-Col I/Col II as the preferred bioink. In summary, this study demonstrates how tailoring biomaterial composition and physicochemical properties enables development of pro-chondrogenic hydrogels with potential for minimally invasive delivery to injured articular joints or 3DP of customised regenerative implants for cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donagh G O'Shea
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tom Hodgkinson
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Caroline M Curtin
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fergal J O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
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12
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Ursini O, Grieco M, Sappino C, Capodilupo AL, Giannitelli SM, Mauri E, Bucciarelli A, Coricciati C, de Turris V, Gigli G, Moroni L, Cortese B. Modulation of Methacrylated Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels Enables Their Use as 3D Cultured Model. Gels 2023; 9:801. [PMID: 37888374 PMCID: PMC10606912 DOI: 10.3390/gels9100801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioengineered hydrogels represent physiologically relevant platforms for cell behaviour studies in the tissue engineering and regenerative medicine fields, as well as in in vitro disease models. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an ideal platform since it is a natural biocompatible polymer that is widely used to study cellular crosstalk, cell adhesion and cell proliferation, and is one of the major components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). We synthesised chemically modified HA with photo-crosslinkable methacrylated groups (HA-MA) in aqueous solutions and in strictly monitored pH and temperature conditions to obtain hydrogels with controlled bulk properties. The physical and chemical properties of the different HA-MA hydrogels were investigated via rheological studies, mechanical testing and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging, which allowed us to determine the optimal biomechanical properties and develop a biocompatible scaffold. The morphological evolution processes and proliferation rates of glioblastoma cells (U251-MG) cultured on HA-MA surfaces were evaluated by comparing 2D structures with 3D structures, showing that the change in dimensionality impacted cell functions and interactions. The cell viability assays and evaluation of mitochondrial metabolism showed that the hydrogels did not interfere with cell survival. In addition, morphological studies provided evidence of cell-matrix interactions that promoted cell budding from the spheroids and the invasiveness in the surrounding environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Ursini
- National Research Council-Institute of Nanotechnology (CNR Nanotec), c/o Edificio Fermi, University Sapienza, Pz.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maddalena Grieco
- National Research Council-Institute of Nanotechnology (CNR Nanotec), c/o Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.G.); (A.L.C.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.G.); (L.M.)
| | - Carla Sappino
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University Rome, Pz.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Agostina Lina Capodilupo
- National Research Council-Institute of Nanotechnology (CNR Nanotec), c/o Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.G.); (A.L.C.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.G.); (L.M.)
| | - Sara Maria Giannitelli
- Department of Science and Technology for Sustainable Development and One Health, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Emanuele Mauri
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Bucciarelli
- National Research Council-Institute of Nanotechnology (CNR Nanotec), c/o Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.G.); (A.L.C.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.G.); (L.M.)
| | - Chiara Coricciati
- National Research Council-Institute of Nanotechnology (CNR Nanotec), c/o Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.G.); (A.L.C.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.G.); (L.M.)
- Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi”, University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Valeria de Turris
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro- Science Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- National Research Council-Institute of Nanotechnology (CNR Nanotec), c/o Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.G.); (A.L.C.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.G.); (L.M.)
- Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi”, University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- National Research Council-Institute of Nanotechnology (CNR Nanotec), c/o Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.G.); (A.L.C.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (G.G.); (L.M.)
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Cortese
- National Research Council-Institute of Nanotechnology (CNR Nanotec), c/o Edificio Fermi, University Sapienza, Pz.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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13
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Sharma Y, Shankar V. Technologies for the fabrication of crosslinked polysaccharide-based hydrogels and its role in microbial three-dimensional bioprinting - A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:126194. [PMID: 37562476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Three-Dimensional bioprinting has recently gained more attraction among researchers for its wide variety of applicability. This technology involving in developing structures that mimic the natural anatomy, and also aims in developing novel biomaterials, bioinks which have a better printable ability. Different hydrogels (cross-linked polysaccharides) can be used and optimized for good adhesion and cell proliferation. Manufacturing hydrogels with adjustable characteristics allows for fine-tuning of the cellular microenvironment. Different printing technologies can be used to create hydrogels on a micro-scale which will allow regular, patterned integration of cells into hydrogels. Controlling tissue constructions' structural architecture is the important key to ensuring its function as it is designed. The designed tiny hydrogels will be useful in investigating the cellular behaviour within the environments. Three-Dimensional designs can be constructed by modifying their shape and behaviour analogous concerning pressure, heat, electricity, ultraviolet radiation or other environmental elements. Yet, its application in in vitro infection models needs more research and practical study. Microbial bioprinting has become an advancing field with promising potential to develop various biomedical as well as environmental applications. This review elucidates the properties and usage of different hydrogels for Three-Dimensional bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamini Sharma
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore - 14, India
| | - Vijayalakshmi Shankar
- CO(2) Research and Green Technologies Centre, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore - 14, India.
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14
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Gao L, Beninatto R, Oláh T, Goebel L, Tao K, Roels R, Schrenker S, Glomm J, Venkatesan JK, Schmitt G, Sahin E, Dahhan O, Pavan M, Barbera C, Lucia AD, Menger MD, Laschke MW, Cucchiarini M, Galesso D, Madry H. A Photopolymerizable Biocompatible Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Promotes Early Articular Cartilage Repair in a Minipig Model In Vivo. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300931. [PMID: 37567219 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage defects represent an unsolved clinical challenge. Photopolymerizable hydrogels are attractive candidates supporting repair. This study investigates the short-term safety and efficacy of two novel hyaluronic acid (HA)-triethylene glycol (TEG)-coumarin hydrogels photocrosslinked in situ in a clinically relevant large animal model. It is hypothesized that HA-hydrogel-augmented microfracture (MFX) is superior to MFX in enhancing early cartilage repair, and that the molar degree of substitution and concentration of HA affects repair. Chondral full-thickness defects in the knees of adult minipigs are treated with either 1) debridement (No MFX), 2) debridement and MFX, 3) debridement, MFX, and HA hydrogel (30% molar derivatization, 30 mg mL-1 HA; F3) (MFX+F3), and 4) debridement, MFX, and HA hydrogel (40% molar derivatization, 20 mg mL-1 HA; F4) (MFX+F4). After 8 weeks postoperatively, MFX+F3 significantly improves total macroscopic and histological scores compared with all other groups without negative effects, besides significantly enhancing the individual repair parameters "defect architecture," "repair tissue surface" (compared with No MFX, MFX), and "subchondral bone" (compared with MFX). These data indicate that photopolymerizable HA hydrogels enable a favorable metastable microenvironment promoting early chondrogenesis in vivo. This work also uncovers a mechanism for effective HA-augmented cartilage repair by combining lower molar derivatization with higher concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Gao
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University, Kirrberger Straße 100, Building 37, D-66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Riccardo Beninatto
- Fidia Farmaceutici S.p.A., Via Ponte della Fabbrica 3/A, Abano Terme (PD), 35031, Italy
| | - Tamás Oláh
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University, Kirrberger Straße 100, Building 37, D-66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Lars Goebel
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University, Kirrberger Straße 100, Building 37, D-66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Ke Tao
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University, Kirrberger Straße 100, Building 37, D-66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Roels
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University, Kirrberger Straße 100, Building 37, D-66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Schrenker
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University, Kirrberger Straße 100, Building 37, D-66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Julianne Glomm
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University, Kirrberger Straße 100, Building 37, D-66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Jagadeesh K Venkatesan
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University, Kirrberger Straße 100, Building 37, D-66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Gertrud Schmitt
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University, Kirrberger Straße 100, Building 37, D-66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Ebrar Sahin
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University, Kirrberger Straße 100, Building 37, D-66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Ola Dahhan
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University, Kirrberger Straße 100, Building 37, D-66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Mauro Pavan
- Fidia Farmaceutici S.p.A., Via Ponte della Fabbrica 3/A, Abano Terme (PD), 35031, Italy
| | - Carlo Barbera
- Fidia Farmaceutici S.p.A., Via Ponte della Fabbrica 3/A, Abano Terme (PD), 35031, Italy
| | - Alba Di Lucia
- Fidia Farmaceutici S.p.A., Via Ponte della Fabbrica 3/A, Abano Terme (PD), 35031, Italy
| | - Michael D Menger
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Kirrberger Straße 100, Building 65 and 66, D-66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Matthias W Laschke
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Kirrberger Straße 100, Building 65 and 66, D-66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Magali Cucchiarini
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University, Kirrberger Straße 100, Building 37, D-66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Devis Galesso
- Fidia Farmaceutici S.p.A., Via Ponte della Fabbrica 3/A, Abano Terme (PD), 35031, Italy
| | - Henning Madry
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University, Kirrberger Straße 100, Building 37, D-66421, Homburg, Germany
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15
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Nejati S, Mongeau L. Injectable, pore-forming, self-healing, and adhesive hyaluronan hydrogels for soft tissue engineering applications. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14303. [PMID: 37652951 PMCID: PMC10471737 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41468-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Most existing injectable hydrogels are non-porous, thereby lacking a microporous structure to promote cell ingrowth. Also, most hydrogels do not effectively adhere to the host tissue. The present study describes an injectable double network hydrogel formed by combining two hyaluronic acid (HA) derivatives, namely dopamine grafted HA (DAHA) and methacrylated HA (HAMA). These constituents instantly form a physically crosslinked network through Fe3+-dopamine coordination, and confer fast gelation, pore formation, and self-healing properties to the hydrogel. Photocroslinked upon UV exposure, HAMA forms a chemically crosslinked network, thereby improving mechanical and degradation properties. The adhesive properties of this hydrogel are attributed to the presence of dopamine groups, inspired by mussel creatures. Proper modification of HA chains was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy. The physical, mechanical, rheological, and biological properties of the new hydrogels were quantified in wet laboratory conditions. The results revealed that the DAHA/HAMA hydrogel rapidly forms a self-healing microporous adhesive scaffold with a 26.9 µm pore size, 29.4 kPa compressive modulus, and 12.8 kPa adhesion strength in under 6 s. These findings suggest that the new hydrogel is a promising candidate for in situ repair of soft tissues, particularly mechanically dynamic ones such as the vocal folds, cartilage, and dermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Nejati
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Luc Mongeau
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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16
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Yu L, Cavelier S, Hannon B, Wei M. Recent development in multizonal scaffolds for osteochondral regeneration. Bioact Mater 2023; 25:122-159. [PMID: 36817819 PMCID: PMC9931622 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteochondral (OC) repair is an extremely challenging topic due to the complex biphasic structure and poor intrinsic regenerative capability of natural osteochondral tissue. In contrast to the current surgical approaches which yield only short-term relief of symptoms, tissue engineering strategy has been shown more promising outcomes in treating OC defects since its emergence in the 1990s. In particular, the use of multizonal scaffolds (MZSs) that mimic the gradient transitions, from cartilage surface to the subchondral bone with either continuous or discontinuous compositions, structures, and properties of natural OC tissue, has been gaining momentum in recent years. Scrutinizing the latest developments in the field, this review offers a comprehensive summary of recent advances, current hurdles, and future perspectives of OC repair, particularly the use of MZSs including bilayered, trilayered, multilayered, and gradient scaffolds, by bringing together onerous demands of architecture designs, material selections, manufacturing techniques as well as the choices of growth factors and cells, each of which possesses its unique challenges and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Sacha Cavelier
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Brett Hannon
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Mei Wei
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
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17
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Jalali Kandeloos A, Bastani S, Mashayekhan S. Architecting oxidized alginate methacrylate hydrogels with tunable characteristics by altering the sequence of the cross-linking steps, methacrylation reaction time, and polymer concentration. J Biomater Appl 2023:8853282231184294. [PMID: 37329334 DOI: 10.1177/08853282231184294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, biodegradable oxidized methacrylated alginate (OMA) hydrogels with controllable mechanical properties were engineered. An ionic and photo cross-linking combination was employed to fabricate dual cross-linked hydrogels. By altering the degree of methacrylation and polymer concentration, hydrogels with an elastic modulus of 4.85 ± 0.13 to 21.02 ± 0.91 kPa, controllable swelling, and degradation kinetics, and cross-link density in the range of 1.0 × 10-5 to 6.5 × 10-5 mol/cm3 were obtained. Moreover, evaluating the effect of cross-linking sequence on the hydrogels' mechanical properties demonstrated that in comparison to the hydrogels fabricated by ionic cross-linking followed by photo-polymerization, hydrogels produced by photo-polymerization followed by ionic cross-linking retain a stiffer gel network with more compact structure. Cytocompatibility examination was performed via MTT assay against L929 fibroblasts, and all the hydrogel samples demonstrated high cell viability (>80%). The findings demonstrate the significant effect of the sequence of cross-linking as a novel tool to tune the OMA hydrogel's final properties which can serve as a useful platform for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jalali Kandeloos
- Department of Printing Science and Technology, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Bastani
- Department of Printing Science and Technology, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Surface Coatings and Corrosion, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Mashayekhan
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Mays EA, Ellis EB, Hussain Z, Parajuli P, Sundararaghavan HG. Enzyme-Mediated Nerve Growth Factor Release from Nanofibers Using Gelatin Microspheres. Tissue Eng Part A 2023; 29:333-343. [PMID: 37016821 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2022.0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury is a complex environment, with many conflicting growth factors present at different times throughout the injury timeline. Delivery of multiple growth factors has received mixed results, highlighting a need to consider the timing of delivery for possibly antagonistic growth factors. Cell-mediated degradation of delivery vehicles for delayed release of growth factors offers an attractive way to exploit the highly active immune response in the spinal cord injury environment. In this study, growth factor-loaded gelatin microspheres (GMS) combined with methacrylated hyaluronic acid (MeHA) were electrospun to create GMS fibers (GMSF) for delayed release of growth factors (GFs). GMS were successfully combined with MeHA while electrospinning, with an average fiber diameter of 365 ± 10 nm and 44% ± 8% fiber alignment. GMSF with nerve growth factor (NGF) was tested on dissociated chick dorsal root ganglia cells. We further tested the effect of M1 macrophage-conditioned media (M1CM) to simulate macrophage invasion after spinal cord injury for cell-mediated degradation. We hypothesized that neurons grown on GMSF with loaded NGF would exhibit longer neurites in M1CM, showing a release of functional NGF, as compared with controls. GMSF in M1CM was significantly different from MeHA in serum-free media (SFM) and M0-conditioned media (M0CM), as well as GMSF in M0CM (p < 0.05). Moreover, GMSF + NGF in all media conditions were significantly different from MeHA in SFM and M0CM (p < 0.05). The goal of this study was to develop a biomaterial system where drug delivery is triggered by immune response, allowing for more control and longer exposure to encapsulated drugs. The spinal cord injury microenvironment is known to have a robust immune response, making this immune-medicated drug release system particularly significant for directed repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Mays
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Eric B Ellis
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Zahin Hussain
- School of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Prahlad Parajuli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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19
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Zhang H, Wang Y, Zheng Z, Wei X, Chen L, Wu Y, Huang W, Yang L. Strategies for improving the 3D printability of decellularized extracellular matrix bioink. Theranostics 2023; 13:2562-2587. [PMID: 37215563 PMCID: PMC10196833 DOI: 10.7150/thno.81785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
3D bioprinting is a revolutionary technology capable of replicating native tissue and organ microenvironments by precisely placing cells into 3D structures using bioinks. However, acquiring the ideal bioink to manufacture biomimetic constructs is challenging. A natural extracellular matrix (ECM) is an organ-specific material that provides physical, chemical, biological, and mechanical cues that are hard to mimic using a small number of components. Organ-derived decellularized ECM (dECM) bioink is revolutionary and has optimal biomimetic properties. However, dECM is always "non-printable" owing to its poor mechanical properties. Recent studies have focused on strategies to improve the 3D printability of dECM bioink. In this review, we highlight the decellularization methods and procedures used to produce these bioinks, effective methods to improve their printability, and recent advances in tissue regeneration using dECM-based bioinks. Finally, we discuss the challenges associated with manufacturing dECM bioinks and their potential large-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Zhang
- Department of Burns, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Jingxi Street, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zijun Zheng
- Department of Burns, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Jingxi Street, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Xuerong Wei
- Department of Burns, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Jingxi Street, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Lianglong Chen
- Department of Burns, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Jingxi Street, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Yaobin Wu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Medical Innovation Platform for Translation of 3D Printing Application, Southern Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Burns, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Jingxi Street, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
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20
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Raees S, Ullah F, Javed F, Akil HM, Jadoon Khan M, Safdar M, Din IU, Alotaibi MA, Alharthi AI, Bakht MA, Ahmad A, Nassar AA. Classification, processing, and applications of bioink and 3D bioprinting: A detailed review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 232:123476. [PMID: 36731696 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
With the advancement in 3D bioprinting technology, cell culture methods can design 3D environments which are both, complex and physiologically relevant. The main component in 3D bioprinting, bioink, can be split into various categories depending on the criterion of categorization. Although the choice of bioink and bioprinting process will vary greatly depending on the application, general features such as material properties, biological interaction, gelation, and viscosity are always important to consider. The foundation of 3D bioprinting is the exact layer-by-layer implantation of biological elements, biochemicals, and living cells with the spatial control of the implantation of functional elements onto the biofabricated 3D structure. Three basic strategies underlie the 3D bioprinting process: autonomous self-assembly, micro tissue building blocks, and biomimicry or biomimetics. Tissue engineering can benefit from 3D bioprinting in many ways, but there are still numerous obstacles to overcome before functional tissues can be produced and used in clinical settings. A better comprehension of the physiological characteristics of bioink materials and a higher level of ability to reproduce the intricate biologically mimicked and physiologically relevant 3D structures would be a significant improvement for 3D bioprinting to overcome the limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sania Raees
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, 45520 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Faheem Ullah
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, NUMS, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan; School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Seri Ampangan, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Fatima Javed
- Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar 25000, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Hazizan Md Akil
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Seri Ampangan, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Jadoon Khan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, 45520 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Safdar
- Department of Pharmacy, Gomal University D. I Khan, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Israf Ud Din
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, 16278 Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mshari A Alotaibi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, 16278 Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman I Alharthi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, 16278 Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Afroz Bakht
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, 16278 Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akil Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, 16278 Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal A Nassar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, 16278 Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Hewawasam RS, Blomberg R, Šerbedžija P, Magin CM. Chemical Modification of Human Decellularized Extracellular Matrix for Incorporation into Phototunable Hybrid-Hydrogel Models of Tissue Fibrosis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:15071-15083. [PMID: 36917510 PMCID: PMC11177228 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Tissue fibrosis remains a serious health condition with high morbidity and mortality rates. There is a critical need to engineer model systems that better recapitulate the spatial and temporal changes in the fibrotic extracellular microenvironment and enable study of the cellular and molecular alterations that occur during pathogenesis. Here, we present a process for chemically modifying human decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) and incorporating it into a dynamically tunable hybrid-hydrogel system containing a poly(ethylene glycol)-α methacrylate (PEGαMA) backbone. Following modification and characterization, an off-stoichiometry thiol-ene Michael addition reaction resulted in hybrid-hydrogels with mechanical properties that could be tuned to recapitulate many healthy tissue types. Next, photoinitiated, free-radical homopolymerization of excess α-methacrylates increased crosslinking density and hybrid-hydrogel elastic modulus to mimic a fibrotic microenvironment. The incorporation of dECM into the PEGαMA hydrogel decreased the elastic modulus and, relative to fully synthetic hydrogels, increased the swelling ratio, the average molecular weight between crosslinks, and the mesh size of hybrid-hydrogel networks. These changes were proportional to the amount of dECM incorporated into the network. Dynamic stiffening increased the elastic modulus and decreased the swelling ratio, average molecular weight between crosslinks, and the mesh size of hybrid-hydrogels, as expected. Stiffening also activated human fibroblasts, as measured by increases in average cellular aspect ratio (1.59 ± 0.02 to 2.98 ± 0.20) and expression of α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA). Fibroblasts expressing αSMA increased from 25.8 to 49.1% upon dynamic stiffening, demonstrating that hybrid-hydrogels containing human dECM support investigation of dynamic mechanosensing. These results improve our understanding of the biomolecular networks formed within hybrid-hydrogels: this fully human phototunable hybrid-hydrogel system will enable researchers to control and decouple the biochemical changes that occur during fibrotic pathogenesis from the resulting increases in stiffness to study the dynamic cell-matrix interactions that perpetuate fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukshika S Hewawasam
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado, Denver|Anschutz Medical Campus, 2115 Scranton Street, Suite 3010, Aurora, Colorado 80045-2559, United States
| | - Rachel Blomberg
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado, Denver|Anschutz Medical Campus, 2115 Scranton Street, Suite 3010, Aurora, Colorado 80045-2559, United States
| | - Predrag Šerbedžija
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado, Denver|Anschutz Medical Campus, 2115 Scranton Street, Suite 3010, Aurora, Colorado 80045-2559, United States
| | - Chelsea M Magin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado, Denver|Anschutz Medical Campus, 2115 Scranton Street, Suite 3010, Aurora, Colorado 80045-2559, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 2115 Scranton Street, Suite 3010, Aurora, Colorado 80045-2559, United States
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 2115 Scranton Street, Suite 3010, Aurora, Colorado 80045-2559, United States
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22
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Roy A, Zhang Z, Eiken MK, Shi A, Pena-Francesch A, Loebel C. Programmable Tissue Folding Patterns in Structured Hydrogels. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2300017. [PMID: 36961361 PMCID: PMC10518030 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Folding of mucosal tissues, such as the tissue within the epithelium of the upper respiratory airways, is critical for organ function. Studying the influence of folded tissue patterns on cellular function is challenging mainly due to the lack of suitable cell culture platforms that can recreate dynamic tissue folding in vitro. Here, a bilayer hydrogel folding system, composed of alginate/polyacrylamide double-network (DN) and hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels, to generate static folding patterns based on mechanical instabilities, is described. By encapsulating human fibroblasts into patterned HA hydrogels, human bronchial epithelial cells form a folded pseudostratified monolayer. Using magnetic microparticles, DN hydrogels reversibly fold into pre-defined patterns and enable programmable on-demand folding of cell-laden hydrogel systems upon applying a magnetic field. This hydrogel construction provides a dynamic culture system for mimicking tissue folding in vitro, which is extendable to other cell types and organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinava Roy
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Zenghao Zhang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Madeline K Eiken
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Alan Shi
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Abdon Pena-Francesch
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Claudia Loebel
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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23
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Talaei A, O'Connell CD, Sayyar S, Maher M, Yue Z, Choong PF, Wallace GG. Optimizing the composition of gelatin methacryloyl and hyaluronic acid methacryloyl hydrogels to maximize mechanical and transport properties using response surface methodology. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023; 111:526-537. [PMID: 36269163 PMCID: PMC10092314 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogel materials are promising candidates in cartilage tissue engineering as they provide a 3D porous environment for cell proliferation and the development of new cartilage tissue. Both the mechanical and transport properties of hydrogel scaffolds influence the ability of encapsulated cells to produce neocartilage. In photocrosslinkable hydrogels, both of these material properties can be tuned by changing the crosslinking density. However, the interdependent nature of the structural, physical and biological properties of photocrosslinkable hydrogels means that optimizing composition is typically a complicated process, involving sequential and/or iterative steps of physiochemical and biological characterization. The combinational nature of the variables indicates that an exhaustive analysis of all reasonable concentration ranges would be impractical. Herein, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to efficiently optimize the composition of a hybrid of gelatin-methacryloyl (GelMA) and hyaluronic acid methacryloyl (HAMA) with respect to both mechanical and transport properties. RSM was employed to investigate the effect of GelMA, HAMA, and photoinitiator concentration on the shear modulus and diffusion coefficient of the hydrogel membrane. Two mathematical models were fitted to the experimental data and used to predict the optimum hydrogel composition. Finally, the optimal composition was tested and compared with the predicted values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Talaei
- ARC ITTC in Additive Biomanufacturing, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cathal D O'Connell
- Discipline of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,BioFab3D, Aikenhead Center for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sepidar Sayyar
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,Australian National Fabrication Facility-Materials Node, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Malachy Maher
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organization, Manufacturing Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zhilian Yue
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter F Choong
- Orthopaedic Department, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gordon G Wallace
- ARC ITTC in Additive Biomanufacturing, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,Australian National Fabrication Facility-Materials Node, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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24
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Arzi RS, Davidovich-Pinhas M, Cohen N, Sosnik A. An experimental and theoretical approach to understand the interaction between particles and mucosal tissues. Acta Biomater 2023; 158:449-462. [PMID: 36596435 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanonization of poorly water-soluble drugs has shown great potential in improving their oral bioavailability by increasing drug dissolution rate and adhesion to the gastrointestinal mucus. However, the fundamental features that govern the particle-mucus interactions have not been investigated in a systematic way before. In this work, we synthesize mucin hydrogels that mimic those of freshly excised porcine mucin. By using fluorescent pure curcumin particles, we characterize the effect of particle size (200 nm, and 1.2 and 1.3 μm), concentration (18, 35, and 71 μg mL-1), and hydrogel crosslinking density on the diffusion-driven particle penetration in vitro. Next, we derive a phenomenological model that describes the physics behind the diffusion-derived penetration and considers the contributions of the key parameters assessed in vitro. Finally, we challenge our model by assessing the oral pharmacokinetics of an anti-cancer model drug, namely dasatinib, in pristine and nanonized forms and two clinically relevant doses in rats. For a dose of 10 mg kg-1, drug nanonization leads to a significant ∼8- and ∼21-fold increase of the drug oral bioavailability and half-life, respectively, with respect to the unprocessed drug. When the dose of the nanoparticles was increased to 15 mg kg-1, the oral bioavailability increased though not significantly, suggesting the saturation of the mucus penetration sites, as demonstrated by the in vitro model. Our overall results reveal the potential of this approach to pave the way for the development of tools that enable a more rational design of nano-drug delivery systems for mucosal administration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The development of experimental-theoretical tools to understand and predict the diffusion-driven penetration of particles into mucus is crucial not only to rationalize the design of nanomedicines for mucosal administration but also to anticipate the risks of the exposure of the body to nano-pollutants. However, a systematic study of such tools is still lacking. Here we introduce an experimental-theoretical approach to predict the diffusion-driven penetration of particles into mucus and investigate the effect of three key parameters on this interaction. Then, we challenge the model in a preliminary oral pharmacokinetics study in rats which shows a very good correlation with in vitro results. Overall, this work represents a robust platform for the modelling of the interaction of particles with mucosae under dynamic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Sverdlov Arzi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Maya Davidovich-Pinhas
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Noy Cohen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
| | - Alejandro Sosnik
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
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25
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Zhu D, Trinh P, Liu E, Yang F. Cell-Cell Interactions Enhance Cartilage Zonal Development in 3D Gradient Hydrogels. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:831-843. [PMID: 36629329 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage tissue is characterized by zonal organization with gradual transitions of biochemical and mechanical cues from superficial to deep zones. We previously reported that 3D gradient hydrogels made of polyethylene glycol and chondroitin sulfate can induce zonal-specific responses of chondrocytes, resulting in zonal cartilage formation that mimics native tissues. While the role of cell-matrix interactions has been studied extensively, how cell-cell interactions across different zones influence cartilage zonal development remains unknown. The goal of this study is to harness gradient hydrogels as a tool to elucidate the role of cell-cell interactions in driving cartilage zonal development. When encapsulated in intact gradient hydrogels, chondrocytes exhibited strong zonal-specific responses that mimic native cartilage zonal organization. However, the separate culture of each zone of gradient hydrogels resulted in a significant decrease in cell proliferation and cartilage matrix deposition across all zones, while the trend of zonal dependence remains. Unexpectedly, mixing the coculture of all five zones of hydrogels in the same culture well largely abolished the zonal differences, with all zones behaving similarly to the softest zone. These results suggest that paracrine signal exchange among cells in different zones is essential in driving cartilage zonal development, and a spatial organization of zones is required for proper tissue zonal development. Intact, separate, or coculture groups resulted in distinct gene expression patterns in mechanosensing and cartilage-specific markers, suggesting that cell-cell interactions can also modulate mechanosensing. We further showed that 7 days of priming in intact gradient culture was sufficient to instruct the cells to complete the zonal development, and the separate or mixed coculture after 7 days of intact culture had minimal effects on cartilage formation. This study highlights the important role of cell-cell interactions in driving cartilage zonal development and validates gradient hydrogels as a useful tool to elucidate the role of cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions in driving zonal development during tissue morphogenesis and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqing Zhu
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| | - Pavin Trinh
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| | - Elisa Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
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26
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3D bio-printed living nerve-like fibers refine the ecological niche for long-distance spinal cord injury regeneration. Bioact Mater 2023; 25:160-175. [PMID: 36817821 PMCID: PMC9931763 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
3D bioprinting holds great promise toward fabricating biomimetic living constructs in a bottom-up assembly manner. To date, various emergences of living constructs have been bioprinted for in vitro applications, while the conspicuous potential serving for in vivo implantable therapies in spinal cord injury (SCI) has been relatively overlooked. Herein, living nerve-like fibers are prepared via extrusion-based 3D bioprinting for SCI therapy. The living nerve-like fibers are comprised of neural stem cells (NSCs) embedded within a designed hydrogel that mimics the extracellular matrix (ECM), assembled into a highly spatial ordered architecture, similar to densely arranged bundles of the nerve fibers. The pro-neurogenesis ability of these living nerve-like fibers is tested in a 4 mm-long complete transected SCI rat model. Evidence shows that living nerve-like fibers refine the ecological niche of the defect site by immune modulation, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, neural relay formations, and neural circuit remodeling, leading to outstanding functional reconstruction, revealing an evolution process of this living construct after implantation. This effective strategy, based on biomimetic living constructs, opens a new perspective on SCI therapies.
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27
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Hatt LP, Armiento AR, Mys K, Thompson K, Hildebrand M, Nehrbass D, Müller WEG, Zeiter S, Eglin D, Stoddart MJ. Standard in vitro evaluations of engineered bone substitutes are not sufficient to predict in vivo preclinical model outcomes. Acta Biomater 2023; 156:177-189. [PMID: 35988660 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the optimal conditions required for bone healing can have a substantial impact to target the problem of non-unions and large bone defects. The combination of bioactive factors, regenerative progenitor cells and biomaterials to form a tissue engineered (TE) complex is a promising solution but translation to the clinic has been slow. We hypothesized the typical material testing algorithm used is insufficient and leads to materials being mischaracterized as promising. In the first part of this study, human bone marrow - derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hBM-MSCs) were embedded in three commonly used biomaterials (hyaluronic acid methacrylate, gelatin methacrylate and fibrin) and combined with relevant bioactive osteogenesis factors (dexamethasone microparticles and polyphosphate nanoparticles) to form a TE construct that underwent in vitro osteogenic differentiation for 28 days. Gene expression of relevant transcription factors and osteogenic markers, and von Kossa staining were performed. In the second and third part of this study, the same combination of TE constructs were implanted subcutaneously (cell containing) in T cell-deficient athymic Crl:NIH-Foxn1rnu rats for 8 weeks or cell free in an immunocompetent New Zealand white rabbit calvarial model for 6 weeks, respectively. Osteogenic performance was investigated via MicroCT imaging and histology staining. The in vitro study showed enhanced upregulation of relevant genes and significant mineral deposition within the three biomaterials, generally considered as a positive result. Subcutaneous implantation indicates none to minor ectopic bone formation. No enhanced calvarial bone healing was detected in implanted biomaterials compared to the empty defect. The reasons for the poor correlation of in vitro and in vivo outcomes are unclear and needs further investigation. This study highlights the discrepancy between in vitro and in vivo outcomes, demonstrating that in vitro data should be interpreted with extreme caution. In vitro models with higher complexity are necessary to increase value for translational studies. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Preclinical testing of newly developed biomaterials is a crucial element of the development cycle. Despite this, there is still significant discrepancy between in vitro and in vivo test results. Within this study we investigate multiple combinations of materials and osteogenic stimulants and demonstrate a poor correlation between the in vitro and in vivo data. We propose rationale for why this may be the case and suggest a modified testing algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan P Hatt
- AO Research Institute Davos, 7270 Davos Platz, Switzerland; Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich; 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Karen Mys
- AO Research Institute Davos, 7270 Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | - Keith Thompson
- AO Research Institute Davos, 7270 Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | | | - Dirk Nehrbass
- AO Research Institute Davos, 7270 Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | - Werner E G Müller
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephan Zeiter
- AO Research Institute Davos, 7270 Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | - David Eglin
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
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28
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Galarraga JH, Dhand AP, Enzmann BP, Burdick JA. Synthesis, Characterization, and Digital Light Processing of a Hydrolytically Degradable Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:413-425. [PMID: 36516973 PMCID: PMC10928645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Numerous chemical modifications of hyaluronic acid (HA) have been explored for the formation of degradable hydrogels that are suitable for a variety of biomedical applications, including biofabrication and drug delivery. Thiol-ene step-growth chemistry is of particular interest due to its lower oxygen sensitivity and ability to precisely tune mechanical properties. Here, we utilize an aqueous esterification route via reaction with carbic anhydride to synthesize norbornene-modified HA (NorHACA) that is amenable to thiol-ene crosslinking to form hydrolytically unstable networks. NorHACA is first synthesized with varying degrees of modification (∼15-100%) by adjusting the ratio of reactive carbic anhydride to HA. Thereafter, NorHACA is reacted with dithiol crosslinker in the presence of visible light and photoinitiator to form hydrogels within tens of seconds. Unlike conventional NorHA, NorHACA hydrogels are highly susceptible to hydrolytic degradation through enhanced ester hydrolysis. Both the mechanical properties and the degradation timescales of NorHACA hydrogels are tuned via macromer concentration and/or the degree of modification. Moreover, the degradation behavior of NorHACA hydrogels is validated through a statistical-co-kinetic model of ester hydrolysis. The rapid degradation of NorHACA hydrogels can be adjusted by incorporating small amounts of slowly degrading NorHA macromer into the network. Further, NorHACA hydrogels are implemented as digital light processing (DLP) resins to fabricate hydrolytically degradable scaffolds with complex, macroporous structures that can incorporate cell-adhesive sites for cell attachment and proliferation after fabrication. Additionally, DLP bioprinting of NorHACA hydrogels to form cell-laden constructs with high viability is demonstrated, making them useful for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H. Galarraga
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Abhishek P. Dhand
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bruce P. Enzmann
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jason A. Burdick
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
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29
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Kerr MD, McBride DA, Johnson WT, Chumber AK, Najibi AJ, Seo BR, Stafford AG, Scadden DT, Mooney DJ, Shah NJ. Immune-responsive biodegradable scaffolds for enhancing neutrophil regeneration. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10309. [PMID: 36684088 PMCID: PMC9842036 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are essential effector cells for mediating rapid host defense and their insufficiency arising from therapy-induced side-effects, termed neutropenia, can lead to immunodeficiency-associated complications. In autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), neutropenia is a complication that limits therapeutic efficacy. Here, we report the development and in vivo evaluation of an injectable, biodegradable hyaluronic acid (HA)-based scaffold, termed HA cryogel, with myeloid responsive degradation behavior. In mouse models of immune deficiency, we show that the infiltration of functional myeloid-lineage cells, specifically neutrophils, is essential to mediate HA cryogel degradation. Post-HSCT neutropenia in recipient mice delayed degradation of HA cryogels by up to 3 weeks. We harnessed the neutrophil-responsive degradation to sustain the release of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) from HA cryogels. Sustained release of G-CSF from HA cryogels enhanced post-HSCT neutrophil recovery, comparable to pegylated G-CSF, which, in turn, accelerated cryogel degradation. HA cryogels are a potential approach for enhancing neutrophils and concurrently assessing immune recovery in neutropenic hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Kerr
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Chemical Engineering ProgramUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - David A. McBride
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Chemical Engineering ProgramUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Wade T. Johnson
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Arun K. Chumber
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Chemical Engineering ProgramUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Alexander J. Najibi
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Bo Ri Seo
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Alexander G. Stafford
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - David T. Scadden
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative BiologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard Stem Cell InstituteCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Center for Regenerative MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - David J. Mooney
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Nisarg J. Shah
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Chemical Engineering ProgramUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Program in ImmunologyUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
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30
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Kowalski MA, Fernandes LM, Hammond KE, Labib S, Drissi H, Patel JM. Cartilage-penetrating hyaluronic acid hydrogel preserves tissue content and reduces chondrocyte catabolism. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 16:1138-1148. [PMID: 36178309 DOI: 10.1002/term.3352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage injuries have a limited healing capacity and, due to inflammatory and catabolic activities, often experience progressive degeneration towards osteoarthritis. Current repair techniques generally provide short-term symptomatic relief; however, the regeneration of hyaline cartilage remains elusive, leaving both the repair tissue and surrounding healthy tissue susceptible to long-term wear. Therefore, methods to preserve cartilage following injury, especially from matrix loss and catabolism, are needed to delay, or even prevent, the deteriorative process. The goal of this study was to develop and evaluate a cartilage-penetrating hyaluronic-acid (HA) hydrogel to improve damaged cartilage biomechanics and prevent tissue degeneration. At time zero, the HA-based hydrogel provided a 46.5% increase in compressive modulus and a decrease in permeability after simulated degeneration of explants (collagenase application). Next, in a degenerative culture model (interleukin-1β [IL-1β] for 2 weeks), hydrogel application prior to or midway through the culture mitigated detrimental changes to compressive modulus and permeability observed in non-treated explants. Furthermore, localized loss of proteoglycan was observed in degenerative culture conditions alone (non-treated), but hydrogel administration significantly improved the retention of matrix elements. Finally, NITEGE staining and gene expression analysis showed the ability of the HA gel to decrease chondrocyte catabolic activity. These results highlight the importance of reinforcing damaged cartilage with a biomaterial system to both preserve tissue content and reduce catabolism associated with injury and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Kowalski
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lorenzo M Fernandes
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kyle E Hammond
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sameh Labib
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hicham Drissi
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jay M Patel
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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5-Fluorouracil-Immobilized Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Arrays on an Electrospun Bilayer Membrane as a Drug Patch. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9120742. [PMID: 36550948 PMCID: PMC9774285 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9120742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel array was employed for immobilization of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and the electrospun bilayer (hydrophilic: polyurethane/pluronic F-127 and hydrophobic: polyurethane) membrane was used to support the HA hydrogel array as a patch. To visualize the drug propagating phenomenon into tissues, we experimentally investigated how FITC-BSA diffused into the tissue by applying hydrogel patches to porcine tissue samples. The diffusive phenomenon basically depends on the FITC-BSA diffusion coefficient in the hydrogel, and the degree of diffusion of FITC-BSA may be affected by the concentration of HA hydrogel, which demonstrates that the high density of HA hydrogel inhibits the diffusive FITC-BSA migration toward the low concentration region. YD-10B cells were employed to investigate the release of 5-FU from the HA array on the bilayer membrane. In the control group, YD-10B cell viability was over 98% after 3 days. However, in the 5-FU-immobilized HA hydrogel array, most of the YD-10B cells were not attached to the bilayer membrane used as a scaffold. These results suggest that 5-FU was locally released and initiated the death of the YD-10B cells. Our results show that 5-FU immobilized on HA arrays significantly reduces YD-10B cell adhesion and proliferation, affecting cells even early in the cell culture. Our results suggest that when 5-FU is immobilized in the HA hydrogel array on the bilayer membrane as a drug patch, it is possible to control the drug concentration, to release it continuously, and that the patch can be applied locally to the targeted tumor site and administer the drug in a time-stable manner. Therefore, the developed bilayer membrane-based HA hydrogel array patch can be considered for sustained release of the drug in biomedical applications.
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Torres-Ortega PV, Del Campo-Montoya R, Plano D, Paredes J, Aldazabal J, Luquin MR, Santamaría E, Sanmartín C, Blanco-Prieto MJ, Garbayo E. Encapsulation of MSCs and GDNF in an Injectable Nanoreinforced Supramolecular Hydrogel for Brain Tissue Engineering. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:4629-4644. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Vicente Torres-Ortega
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea 3, 31008Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rubén Del Campo-Montoya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea 3, 31008Pamplona, Spain
| | - Daniel Plano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea 3, 31008Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jacobo Paredes
- Tecnun, School of Engineering, University of Navarra, C/Manuel de Lardizábal 15, 20018San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Javier Aldazabal
- Tecnun, School of Engineering, University of Navarra, C/Manuel de Lardizábal 15, 20018San Sebastián, Spain
| | - María-Rosario Luquin
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea 3, 31008Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, C/Pío XII 36, 31008Pamplona, Spain
| | - Enrique Santamaría
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdisNa), 31008Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Sanmartín
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea 3, 31008Pamplona, Spain
| | - María J. Blanco-Prieto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea 3, 31008Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elisa Garbayo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea 3, 31008Pamplona, Spain
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Zihna G, Topuz B, Günal G, Aydin HM. Preparation of hybrid meniscal constructs using hydrogels and acellular matrices. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE, POLYMER EDITION 2022; 34:587-611. [PMID: 36219154 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2022.2135078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To search for a suitable meniscus repair material, acellular hybrid scaffolds consisting of in situ cross-linkable 3-D interpenetrating network structures were obtained by decellularization of the meniscus tissues followed by integration of the gel system. Decellularization efficiency was confirmed using a DNA quantification assay (82% decrease in DNA content) and histological stainings. In the second part of the study, the gelatin molecule was functionalized by adding methacrylic anhydride and the degree of functionalization was found to be 75% by (Proton-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) 1H-NMR. Using this, a series of hybrid constructs named GelMA-Hybrid (G-Hybrid), GELMA/PEGDMA-Hybrid (PG-Hybrid), and GelMA/PEGDMA/HAMA-Hybrid (PGH-Hybrid) were prepared by cross-linking with UVA. Changes in the chemical structure were determined with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR). Water uptake capacities of cross-linked hybrid structures were measured in swelling studies, and it was found that hybrid scaffolds showed similar swelling properties compared to native counterparts. By compressive mechanical tests, enhanced mechanical properties were revealed in cross-linked scaffolds with PGH-Hybrid having the highest cross-link density. Protein denaturation and decomposition transition temperatures were improved by adding hydrogels to acellular scaffolds according to thermal gravimetric analyses (TGA). Cross-linked acellular scaffolds have exhibited a behavior close to native tissues with below 25% mass loss in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and enzymatic solution. Cell viability was examined through Alamar Blue on the first day and cell viability in hybrid constructs was found to be above 80% while it was closer to the control group on the 7th day. It was concluded that the developed biomaterials could be used in meniscus tissue engineering with their tunable physicochemical and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Zihna
- Bioengineering Division, Institute of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bengisu Topuz
- Bioengineering Division, Institute of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gülçin Günal
- Bioengineering Division, Institute of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Halil Murat Aydin
- Bioengineering Division, Institute of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Centre for Bioengineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Laezza A, Pepe A, Bochicchio B. Elastin-Hyaluronan Bioconjugate as Bioactive Component in Electrospun Scaffolds. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201959. [PMID: 35916026 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid or hyaluronan (HA) and elastin-inspired peptides (EL) have been widely recognized as bioinspired materials useful in biomedical applications. The aim of the present work is the production of electrospun scaffolds as wound dressing materials which would benefit from synergic action of the bioactivity of elastin peptides and the regenerative properties of hyaluronic acid. Taking advantage of thiol-ene chemistry, a bioactive elastin peptide was successfully conjugated to methacrylated hyaluronic acid (MAHA) and electrospun together with poly-D,L-lactide (PDLLA). To the best of our knowledge, limited reports on peptide-conjugated hyaluronic acid were described in literature, and none of these was employed for the production of electrospun scaffolds. The conformational studies carried out by Circular Dichroism (CD) on the bioconjugated compound confirmed the preservation of secondary structure of the peptide after conjugation while Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed the supramolecular structure of the electrospun scaffolds. Overall, the study demonstrates that the bioconjugation of hyaluronic acid with the elastin peptide improved the electrospinning processability with improved characteristics in terms of morphology of the final scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Laezza
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Antonietta Pepe
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Brigida Bochicchio
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
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35
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Hodge JG, Zamierowski DS, Robinson JL, Mellott AJ. Evaluating polymeric biomaterials to improve next generation wound dressing design. Biomater Res 2022; 26:50. [PMID: 36183134 PMCID: PMC9526981 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-022-00291-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a dynamic series of interconnected events with the ultimate goal of promoting neotissue formation and restoration of anatomical function. Yet, the complexity of wound healing can often result in development of complex, chronic wounds, which currently results in a significant strain and burden to our healthcare system. The advancement of new and effective wound care therapies remains a critical issue, with the current therapeutic modalities often remaining inadequate. Notably, the field of tissue engineering has grown significantly in the last several years, in part, due to the diverse properties and applications of polymeric biomaterials. The interdisciplinary cohesion of the chemical, biological, physical, and material sciences is pertinent to advancing our current understanding of biomaterials and generating new wound care modalities. However, there is still room for closing the gap between the clinical and material science realms in order to more effectively develop novel wound care therapies that aid in the treatment of complex wounds. Thus, in this review, we discuss key material science principles in the context of polymeric biomaterials, provide a clinical breadth to discuss how these properties affect wound dressing design, and the role of polymeric biomaterials in the innovation and design of the next generation of wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob G Hodge
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.,Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - David S Zamierowski
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Jennifer L Robinson
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Mail Stop: 3051, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Lawrence, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Adam J Mellott
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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36
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Luo Y, Yuan P, Hu S, Wang H, Zhang H, Ma L. Inflammatory environment-adaptive patterned surface for spatiotemporal immunomodulation of macrophages. Acta Biomater 2022; 153:139-148. [PMID: 36167238 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Designing biomaterials with precise immunomodulation can help to decipher the dynamic interactions between macrophages and biomaterials to match the tissue healing process. Although some advanced stimuli-responsive immunomodulatory biomaterials were reported for cell dynamic modulation, while most triggers need external stimuli by manual intervention, there would be the inevitable errors and uncertainties. Thus, developing immunomodulatory biomaterials with adaptive abilities, which can recognize the inflammation signals, change their properties spatiotemporally under the microenvironment triggers, and provide feedback to realize macrophages modulation in different healing stages, has become a promising strategy. In this work, we developed an inflammation-adaptive Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) -patterned surface for spatiotemporal immunomodulation of macrophage. We fabricated a methacrylated hyaluronic acid (MA-HA) hydrogel with thiol-functionalized RGD-patterned surface by employing photolithography technology. Then, thiol-functionalized RGD contained ROS-cleavable linker was filled the remaining sites and consequently, a dynamic surface with temporary homogeneous RGD was obtained. Under the overproduction of ROS by the inflammation-activated macrophages, the linker was cleaved, and the homogeneous RGD surface was transformed to the RGD patterned surface, which triggered elongation of macrophages and consequently the upregulated expressions of arginase-1, IL-10 and TNF-β1, indicating the polarization toward to anti-inflammatory phenotype. Developing inflammatory environment-adaptive surface for spatiotemporal modulation of macrophages polarization provides a precise and smart strategy for the healing-matched immunomodulation to facilitate healing outcomes. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Designing biomaterials with precise immunomodulation can help to decipher the dynamic interactions between macrophages and biomaterials to match tissue repair process. Some immunomodulatory biomaterials were reported for cell dynamic modulation, while most triggers need external manual intervention. Thus, we developed an immunomodulatory biomaterial with inflammation-adaptive patterned surface, which can recognize abnormal signals and change its properties spatiotemporally under the microenvironment triggers, and provide feedback to realize macrophages modulation in different stages. The dynamic surface can adapt to the changes of microenvironment and dynamically to match the cell behavior and tissue healing process on demand without external manual intervention. Additionally, the surface achieves the balance of macrophages with pro- and anti-inflammatory phenotypes in the tissue repair process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilun Luo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Peiqi Yuan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Sentao Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hanwen Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Haiqi Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Lie Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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Kim YS, Guilak F. Engineering Hyaluronic Acid for the Development of New Treatment Strategies for Osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158662. [PMID: 35955795 PMCID: PMC9369020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that is characterized by inflammation of the joints, degradation of cartilage, and the remodeling of other joint tissues. Due to the absence of disease-modifying drugs for OA, current clinical treatment options are often only effective at slowing down disease progression and focus mainly on pain management. The field of tissue engineering has therefore been focusing on developing strategies that could be used not only to alleviate symptoms of OA but also to regenerate the damaged tissue. Hyaluronic acid (HA), an integral component of both the synovial fluid and articular cartilage, has gained widespread usage in developing hydrogels that deliver cells and biomolecules to the OA joint thanks to its biocompatibility and ability to support cell growth and the chondrogenic differentiation of encapsulated stem cells, providing binding sites for growth factors. Tissue-engineering strategies have further attempted to improve the role of HA as an OA therapeutic by developing diverse modified HA delivery platforms for enhanced joint retention and controlled drug release. This review summarizes recent advances in developing HA-based hydrogels for OA treatment and provides additional insights into how HA-based therapeutics could be further improved to maximize their potential as a viable treatment option for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Seon Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children—Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children—Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63105, USA
- Correspondence:
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Schuiringa GH, Mihajlovic M, van Donkelaar CC, Vermonden T, Ito K. Creating a Functional Biomimetic Cartilage Implant Using Hydrogels Based on Methacrylated Chondroitin Sulfate and Hyaluronic Acid. Gels 2022; 8:gels8070457. [PMID: 35877542 PMCID: PMC9315485 DOI: 10.3390/gels8070457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The load-bearing function of articular cartilage tissue contrasts with the poor load-bearing capacity of most soft hydrogels used for its regeneration. The present study explores whether a hydrogel based on the methacrylated natural polymers chondroitin sulfate (CSMA) and hyaluronic acid (HAMA), injected into warp-knitted spacer fabrics, could be used to create a biomimetic construct with cartilage-like mechanical properties. The swelling ratio of the combined CSMA/HAMA hydrogels in the first 20 days was higher for hydrogels with a higher CSMA concentration, and these hydrogels also degraded quicker, whereas those with a 1.33 wt% of HAMA were stable for more than 120 days. When confined by a polyamide 6 (PA6) spacer fabric, the volumetric swelling of the combined CSMA/HAMA gels (10 wt%, 6.5 × CSMA:HAMA ratio) was reduced by ~53%. Both the apparent peak and the equilibrium modulus significantly increased in the PA6-restricted constructs compared to the free-swelling hydrogels after 28 days of swelling, and no significant differences in the moduli and time constant compared to native bovine cartilage were observed. Moreover, the cell viability in the CSMA/HAMA PA6 constructs was comparable to that in gelatin–methacrylamide (GelMA) PA6 constructs at one day after polymerization. These results suggest that using a HydroSpacer construct with an extracellular matrix (ECM)-like biopolymer-based hydrogel is a promising approach for mimicking the load-bearing properties of native cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerke H. Schuiringa
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Gem-Z 1.106, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (G.H.S.); (M.M.); (K.I.)
| | - Marko Mihajlovic
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Gem-Z 1.106, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (G.H.S.); (M.M.); (K.I.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Science for Life, Utrecht University, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Corrinus C. van Donkelaar
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Gem-Z 1.106, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (G.H.S.); (M.M.); (K.I.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Tina Vermonden
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Science for Life, Utrecht University, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Keita Ito
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Gem-Z 1.106, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (G.H.S.); (M.M.); (K.I.)
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Chen C, Huang S, Chen Z, Liu Q, Cai Y, Mei Y, Xu Y, Guo R, Yan C. Kartogenin (KGN)/synthetic melanin nanoparticles (SMNP) loaded theranostic hydrogel scaffold system for multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging guided cartilage regeneration. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 8:e10364. [PMID: 36684070 PMCID: PMC9842022 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cartilage regeneration after injury is still a great challenge in clinics, which suffers from its avascularity and poor proliferative ability. Herein we designed a novel biocompatible cellulose nanocrystal/GelMA (gelatin-methacrylate anhydride)/HAMA (hyaluronic acid-methacrylate anhydride)-blended hydrogel scaffold system, loaded with synthetic melanin nanoparticles (SMNP) and a bioactive drug kartogenin (KGN) for theranostic purpose. We found that the SMNP-KGN/Gel showed favorable mechanical property, thermal stability, and distinct magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast enhancement. Meanwhile, the sustained release of KGN could recruit bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells to proliferate and differentiate into chondrocytes, which promoted cartilage regeneration in vitro and in vivo. The hydrogel degradation and cartilage restoration were simultaneously monitored by multiparametric MRI for 12 weeks, and further confirmed by histological analysis. Together, these results validated the multifunctional hydrogel as a promising tissue engineering platform for noninvasive imaging-guided precision therapy in cartilage regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyao Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shaoshan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Centre for Drug Carrier Development, Department of Biomedical EngineeringJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zelong Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yu Cai
- Clinical Research CenterZhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina,Center of Orthopedics, Zhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yingjie Mei
- School of Biomedical EngineeringSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yikai Xu
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Centre for Drug Carrier Development, Department of Biomedical EngineeringJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Chenggong Yan
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
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40
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Wang A, Dong L, Guo Z, Sun W, Mi S. A methacrylated hyaluronic acid network reinforced Pluronic F-127 gel for treatment of bacterial keratitis. Biomed Mater 2022; 17. [PMID: 35545060 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac6ea9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a novel in situ thermoresponsive gel by introducing crosslinked methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HA-MA) networks into Pluronic F-127 (PF-127) gel (HP gel) to achieve levofloxacin (LFX) delivery in bacterial keratitis treatment. The interactions between PF-127 and HA-MA networks were studied by scanning electron microscopy, rheology, dynamic light scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, and small angle X-ray scattering. The results showed that the HP gel exhibited a higher critical gelling temperature and lower viscosity than the PF-127 gel (P gel), and could form a uniform thin layer on the ocular surface. Moreover, the drug release profile and gel dissolution rate revealed that the HA-MA network could retard the diffusion and dissolution of drug molecules and prolong the drug release time, which corresponded to an enhanced antibacterial ability of the HP-LFX gel. Furthermore, the HP gel exhibited low cytotoxicity to human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs). Finally, an in vivo pharmacodynamic study was conducted with rabbit keratitis models. An improved treatment efficacy was observed after application of the HP-LFX gels. This study highlights the potential of HP gels in ophthalmic drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyang Wang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China, Shenzhen, 518055, CHINA
| | - Lina Dong
- Macromolecular Platforms for Translational Medicine and Bio-Manufacturing Laboratory, University of California Berkeley Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Energy & Enviromental Building, room 1112, Shenzhen, 518055, CHINA
| | - Zhongwei Guo
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China, Macromolecular Platforms for Translational Medicine and Bio-Manufacturing Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China, Shenzhen, 518055, CHINA
| | - Wei Sun
- Tsinghua University, Tsinghua University, Beijing, Beijing, 100084, CHINA
| | - Shengli Mi
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Room 102, Building J, University Town, Shenzhen 518055, P.R.CHINA, shenzhen, 518055, CHINA
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41
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Yang Y, Xu L, Wang J, Meng Q, Zhong S, Gao Y, Cui X. Recent advances in polysaccharide-based self-healing hydrogels for biomedical applications. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 283:119161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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42
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Humphries BA, Aliabouzar M, Quesada C, Bevoor A, Ho KKY, Farfel A, Buschhaus JM, Rajendran S, Fabiilli ML, Luker GD. Ultrasound-Induced Mechanical Compaction in Acoustically Responsive Scaffolds Promotes Spatiotemporally Modulated Signaling in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101672. [PMID: 35106975 PMCID: PMC9117464 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells continually sense and respond to mechanical cues from the extracellular matrix (ECM). Interaction with the ECM can alter intracellular signaling cascades, leading to changes in processes that promote cancer cell growth, migration, and survival. The present study used a recently developed composite hydrogel composed of a fibrin matrix and phase-shift emulsion, termed an acoustically responsive scaffold (ARS), to investigate effects of local mechanical properties on breast cancer cell signaling. Treatment of ARSs with focused ultrasound drives acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV) in a spatiotemporally controlled manner, inducing local compaction and stiffening of the fibrin matrix adjacent to the matrix-bubble interface. Combining ARSs and live single cell imaging of triple-negative breast cancer cells, it is discovered that both basal and growth-factor stimulated activities of protein kinase B (also known as Akt) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), two major kinases driving cancer progression, negatively correlate with increasing distance from the ADV-induced bubble both in vitro and in a mouse model. Together, these data demonstrate that local changes in ECM compaction regulate Akt and ERK signaling in breast cancer and support further applications of the novel ARS technology to analyze spatial and temporal effects of ECM mechanics on cell signaling and cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brock A. Humphries
- Department of Radiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Center for Molecular Imaging University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Mitra Aliabouzar
- Department of Radiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Carole Quesada
- Department of Radiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Avinash Bevoor
- Department of Radiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Center for Molecular Imaging University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Kenneth K. Y. Ho
- Department of Radiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Center for Molecular Imaging University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Alex Farfel
- Department of Radiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Center for Molecular Imaging University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Johanna M. Buschhaus
- Department of Radiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Center for Molecular Imaging University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Shrila Rajendran
- Department of Radiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Center for Molecular Imaging University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Mario L. Fabiilli
- Department of Radiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Applied Physics Program University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Gary D. Luker
- Department of Radiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Center for Molecular Imaging University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
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43
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Ma W, Zhang X, Liu Y, Fan L, Gan J, Liu W, Zhao Y, Sun L. Polydopamine Decorated Microneedles with Fe-MSC-Derived Nanovesicles Encapsulation for Wound Healing. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103317. [PMID: 35266637 PMCID: PMC9069192 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Wound dressing with the capacities of antioxidation, antiinflammation, and efficient angiogenesis induction is expected for effectively promoting wound healing. Herein, a novel core-shell hyaluronic acid (HA) microneedle (MN) patch with ferrum-mesenchymal stem cell-derived artificial nanovesicles (Fe-MSC-NVs) and polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA NPs) encapsulated in the needle tips is presented for wound healing. Fe-MSC-NVs containing multifunctional therapeutic cytokines are encapsulated in the inner HA core of the MN tips for accelerating angiogenesis. The PDA NPs are encapsulated in the outer methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) shell of the MN tips to overcome the adverse impacts from reactive oxygen species (ROS)-derived oxidative stress. With the gradual degradation of HAMA patch tips in the skin, the PDA NPs are sustainably released at the lesion to suppress the ROS-induced inflammation reaction, while the Fe-MSC-NVs significantly increase the migration, proliferation, and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). More attractively, the combination of PDA NPs and Fe-MSC-NVs further promotes M2 macrophage polarization, thereby suppressing wound inflammation. Through in vivo experiment, the Fe-MSC-NVs/PDA MN patch shows an excellent effect for diabetic wound healing. These features of antioxidation, antiinflammation, and pro-angiogenesis indicate the proposed composite core-shell MN patch is valuable for clinical wound healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Ma
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyChina Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalNanjing210008China
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing210008China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of BioelectronicsSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Yuxiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of BioelectronicsSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Lu Fan
- State Key Laboratory of BioelectronicsSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Jingjing Gan
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing210008China
| | - Weilin Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing210008China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyChina Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalNanjing210008China
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing210008China
- State Key Laboratory of BioelectronicsSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyChina Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalNanjing210008China
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing210008China
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44
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Materials Properties and Application Strategy for Ligament Tissue Engineering. J Med Biol Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40846-022-00706-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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45
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Tang S, Wang L, Zhang Y, Zhang F. A Biomimetic Platelet-Rich Plasma-Based Interpenetrating Network Printable Hydrogel for Bone Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:887454. [PMID: 35497349 PMCID: PMC9041706 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.887454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Repair of bone defects caused by trauma or diseases is the primary focus of prosthodontics. Hydrogels are among the most promising candidates for bone tissue regeneration due to their unique features such as excellent biocompatibility, similarities to biological tissues, and plasticity. Herein, we developed a type of novel biomimetic interpenetrating polymeric network (IPN) hydrogel by combining methacrylated alginate and 4-arm poly (ethylene glycol)-acrylate (4A-PEGAcr) through photo-crosslinking. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), a patient-specific source of autologous growth factors, was incorporated into the hydrogel, and thereafter the hydrogels were biological mineralized by simulated body fluid (SBF). Physical properties of hydrogels were comprehensively characterized. In vitro studies demonstrated that the incorporation of PRP and biomineralization promoted the biocompatibility of hydrogel. Strikingly, the osteogenic bioactivities, including ALP activity, mineralized nodule formation, and expression of osteogenic markers were found substantially enhanced by this biomineralized PRP-hydrogel. Finally, a rabbit model of bone defect was employed to assess in vivo bone regeneration, micro-CT analysis showed that the biomineralized PRP-hydrogels could significantly accelerate bone generation. We believed that this novel biomineralized PRP-incorporated IPN hydrogel could be promising scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijia Tang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunyang Zhang
- Center of Modem Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feimin Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Feimin Zhang,
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46
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Mao Y, Xu Z, He Z, Wang J, Zhu Z. Wet-adhesive materials of oral and maxillofacial region: From design to application. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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47
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A Comparative Study of Enzyme-Mediated Crosslinking of Catechol- and Phenol-Functionalized Tetronic Hydrogels. Macromol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-022-0018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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48
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Yari D, Ebrahimzadeh MH, Movaffagh J, Shahroodi A, Shirzad M, Qujeq D, Moradi A. Biochemical Aspects of Scaffolds for Cartilage Tissue Engineering; from Basic Science to Regenerative Medicine. THE ARCHIVES OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY 2022; 10:229-244. [PMID: 35514762 PMCID: PMC9034797 DOI: 10.22038/abjs.2022.55549.2766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chondral defects are frequent and important causes of pain and disability. Cartilage has limited self-repair and regeneration capacity. The ideal approach for articular cartilage defects is the regeneration of hyaline cartilage with sustainable symptom-free constructs. Tissue engineering provides new strategies for the regeneration of functional cartilage tissue through optimized scaffolds with architectural, mechanical, and biochemical properties similar to the native cartilage tissue. In this review, the basic science of cartilage structure, interactions between proteins, stem cells, as well as biomaterials, scaffold characteristics and fabrication methods, as well as current and potential therapies in regenerative medicine will be discussed mostly from a biochemical point of view. Furthermore, the recent trends in scaffold-based therapies and supplementary factors in cartilage tissue engineering will be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood Yari
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran,Orthopedic Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Jebrail Movaffagh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Azadeh Shahroodi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Moein Shirzad
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Durdi Qujeq
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ali Moradi
- Orthopedic Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Clinical Research Development Unit, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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49
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Main Applications and Recent Research Progresses of Additive Manufacturing in Dentistry. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5530188. [PMID: 35252451 PMCID: PMC8894006 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5530188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent ten years, with the fast development of digital and engineering manufacturing technology, additive manufacturing has already been more and more widely used in the field of dentistry, from the first personalized surgical guides to the latest personalized restoration crowns and root implants. In particular, the bioprinting of teeth and tissue is of great potential to realize organ regeneration and finally improve the life quality. In this review paper, we firstly presented the workflow of additive manufacturing technology. Then, we summarized the main applications and recent research progresses of additive manufacturing in dentistry. Lastly, we sketched out some challenges and future directions of additive manufacturing technology in dentistry.
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50
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Viray CM, van Magill B, Zreiqat H, Ramaswamy Y. Stereolithographic Visible-Light Printing of Poly(l-glutamic acid) Hydrogel Scaffolds. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:1115-1131. [PMID: 35179029 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bioprinting is a promising fabrication technique aimed at developing biologically functional, tissue-like constructs for various biomedical applications. Among the different bioprinting approaches, vat polymerization-based techniques offer the highest feature resolution compared to more commonly used extrusion-based methods and therefore have greater potential to be utilized for printing complex hierarchical tissue architectures. Although significant efforts have been directed toward harnessing digital light processing techniques for high-resolution bioprinting, the use of stereolithography (SLA) setups for producing distinct hydrogel filaments smaller than 20 μm has received less attention. Improving the bioprinting resolution is still a technical challenge that must consider both the practical limitations of the bioprinter apparatus and the formulation of the cytocompatible bioresin. In this study, we developed a novel bioresin compatible with SLA and capable of printing high-resolution features. This resin, composed of a biosynthetic polypeptide poly(l-glutamic acid) functionalized with tyramine moieties (PLGA-Tyr), was crosslinked using a visible-light photoinitiator system. Varying concentrations of PLGA-Tyr and the co-photoinitiator were evaluated for the hydrogel system's gelation ability, swelling characteristics, degradation profiles, mechanical properties, and cell viability post-encapsulation. This study introduces a custom-built, cost-effective, visible-light SLA bioprinting system named the "MicroNC". Using the newly developed visible-light bioresin, we demonstrated for the first time the ability to fabricate hydrogel scaffolds with well-resolved filaments (less than 8 μm in width) capable of supporting cell viability and proliferation and directing cellular morphology at the single-cell level for up to 14 days. Overall, these experiments have underscored the exciting potential of using the visible-light-photoinitiated PLGA-Tyr material system for developing physiologically relevant in vitro hydrogel scaffolds with feature resolutions comparable to the dimensions of individual human cells for a wide range of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Marie Viray
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,ARC Training Centre for Innovative BioEngineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Benjamin van Magill
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical, and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Hala Zreiqat
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,ARC Training Centre for Innovative BioEngineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Yogambha Ramaswamy
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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