1
|
Zha L, Yan M, Berglund LA, Zhou Q. Tailoring the Holocellulose Fiber/Acrylic Resin Composite Interface with Hydrophobic Carboxymethyl Cellulose to Enhance Optical and Mechanical Properties. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:3731-3740. [PMID: 38712827 PMCID: PMC11170952 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Interface engineering is essential for cellulosic fiber-reinforced polymer composites to achieve high strength and toughness. In this study, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) functionalized with hydrophobic quaternary ammonium ions (QAs) were utilized to modify the interface between holocellulose fibers (HF) and acrylic resin. The wet HF/CMC papers were prepared by vacuum filtration, akin to papermaking, followed by cationic ion exchange with different hydrophobic QAs. Subsequently, the modified papers were dried, impregnated with an acrylic resin monomer, and cured to produce transparent composite films. The effect of the hydrophobic QA moieties on the structure and optical and mechanical properties of the HF/CMC/acrylic resin composites were investigated. The composite film with cetyltrimethylammonium (CTA)-functionalized CMC showed high optical transmittance (87%) with low haze (43%), while the composite film with phenyltrimethylammonium (PTMA)-functionalized CMC demonstrated high Young's modulus of 7.6 GPa and high tensile strength of 180 MPa. These properties are higher than those of the composites prepared through covalent interfacial modification strategies. The results highlighted the crucial role of hydrophobic functionalized CMCs in facilitating homogeneous resin impregnation in the HF fiber network, producing a composite with enhanced interfacial adhesion strength, increased optical transparency, and mechanical strength. This facile use of hydrophobic CMCs as interfacial compatibilizers provides an energy-efficient route for preparing transparent, thin, and flexible composite films favorable in optoelectronic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zha
- Division
of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences
in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Max Yan
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-114 19, Sweden
| | - Lars A. Berglund
- Wallenberg
Wood Science Center, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Qi Zhou
- Division
of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences
in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
- Wallenberg
Wood Science Center, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tang Z, Lin X, Yu M, Mondal AK, Wu H. Recent advances in TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers: Oxidation mechanism, characterization, properties and applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129081. [PMID: 38161007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Cellulose is the richest renewable polymer source on the earth. TEMPO-mediated oxidized cellulose nanofibers are deduced from enormously available wood biomass and functionalized with carboxyl groups. The preparation procedure of TOCNFs is more environmentally friendly compared to other cellulose, for example, MFC and CNCs. Due to the presence of functional carboxyl groups, TOCNF-based materials have been studied widely in different fields, including biomedicine, wastewater treatment, bioelectronics and others. In this review, the TEMPO oxidation mechanism, the properties and applications of TOCNFs are elaborated. Most importantly, the recent advanced applications and the beneficial role of TOCNFs in the various abovementioned fields are discussed. Furthermore, the performances and research progress on the fabrication of TOCNFs are summarized. It is expected that this timely review will help further research on the invention of novel material from TOCNFs and its applications in different advanced fields, including biomedicine, bioelectronics, wastewater treatment, and the energy sector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuwu Tang
- School of Materials and Packaging Engineering, Fujian Polytechnic Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350300, PR China
| | - Xinxing Lin
- School of Materials and Packaging Engineering, Fujian Polytechnic Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350300, PR China
| | - Meiqiong Yu
- School of Materials and Packaging Engineering, Fujian Polytechnic Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350300, PR China; College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China; National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China
| | - Ajoy Kanti Mondal
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Service, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh.
| | - Hui Wu
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China; National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Benini KCCDC, de Bomfim ASC, Voorwald HJC. Cellulose-Reinforced Polylactic Acid Composites for Three-Dimensional Printing Using Polyethylene Glycol as an Additive: A Comprehensive Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3960. [PMID: 37836009 PMCID: PMC10574915 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing concerns about environmental issues and global warming have garnered increased attention in recent decades. Consequently, the use of materials sourced from renewable and biodegradable origins, produced sustainably, has piqued the interest of scientific researchers. Biodegradable and naturally derived polymers, such as cellulose and polylactic acid (PLA), have consistently been the focus of scientific investigation. The objective is to develop novel materials that could potentially replace conventional petroleum-based polymers, offering specific properties tailored for diverse applications while upholding principles of sustainability and technology as well as economic viability. Against this backdrop, the aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in research concerning the use of polylactic acid (PLA) and the incorporation of cellulose as a reinforcing agent within this polymeric matrix, alongside the application of 3D printing technology. Additionally, a pivotal additive in the combination of PLA and cellulose, polyethylene glycol (PEG), is explored. A systematic review of the existing literature related to the combination of these materials (PLA, cellulose, and PEG) and 3D printing was conducted using the Web of Science and Scopus databases. The outcomes of this search are presented through a comparative analysis of diverse studies, encompassing aspects such as the scale and cellulose amount added into the PLA matrix, modifications applied to cellulose surfaces, the incorporation of additives or compatibilizing agents, variations in molecular weight and in the quantity of PEG introduced into the PLA/cellulose (nano)composites, and the resulting impact of these variables on the properties of these materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Cristina Coelho de Carvalho Benini
- Fatigue and Aeronautical Materials Research Group, Department of Materials and Technology, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Guaratinguetá, São Paulo 12516-410, Brazil; (A.S.C.d.B.); (H.J.C.V.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yadav C, Lee JM, Mohanty P, Li X, Jang WD. Graft onto approaches for nanocellulose-based advanced functional materials. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:15108-15145. [PMID: 37712254 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03087c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The resurgence of cellulose as nano-dimensional 'nanocellulose' has unlocked a sustainable bioeconomy for the development of advanced functional biomaterials. Bestowed with multifunctional attributes, such as renewability and abundance of its source, biodegradability, biocompatibility, superior mechanical, optical, and rheological properties, tunable self-assembly and surface chemistry, nanocellulose presents exclusive opportunities for a wide range of novel applications. However, to alleviate its intrinsic hydrophilicity-related constraints surface functionalization is inevitably needed to foster various targeted applications. The abundant surface hydroxyl groups on nanocellulose offer opportunities for grafting small molecules or macromolecular entities using either a 'graft onto' or 'graft from' approach, resulting in materials with distinctive functionalities. Most of the reviews published to date extensively discussed 'graft from' modification approaches, however 'graft onto' approaches are not well discussed. Hence, this review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of 'graft onto' approaches. Furthermore, insight into some of the recently emerging applications of this grafted nanocellulose including advanced nanocomposite formulation, stimuli-responsive materials, bioimaging, sensing, biomedicine, packaging, and wastewater treatment has also been reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandravati Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Min Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Paritosh Mohanty
- Functional Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Xinping Li
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, PR China
| | - Woo-Dong Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yagyu H, Kasuga T, Ogata N, Koga H, Daicho K, Goi Y, Nogi M. Evaporative Dry Powders Derived from Cellulose Nanofiber Organogels to Fully Recover Inherent High Viscosity and High Transparency of Water Dispersion. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300186. [PMID: 37265024 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Water containing low amounts of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) is widely used as a thickening agent owing to its three unique properties: high transparency, viscosity, and controllable viscosity based on the shear rate. CNF dry powders are used to reduce the transportation and storage costs or expand applications as a thickening agent. Herein, the preparation of CNF dry powders that can be used to obtain redispersions while maintaining the aforementioned properties is reported. In this regard, the dehydration and vaporization procedures for a CNF water dispersion without using additives are discussed. When dry powders are prepared by removing water by boiling, their redispersions do not exhibit all their unique properties because of dense aggregations. However, when their redispersions are vigorously stirred to break the dense aggregations, they become transparent, although they do not recover their initial viscosity. Freeze-dried powders recover all their initial properties after redispersion. Nevertheless, their large volume does not reduce the transportation and storage costs. When the liquid is evaporated from the solvent-exchanged CNF organogels, their redispersions also fully recover all their properties. Furthermore, the evaporative dry powders with dense small volumes and good handling contribute to reducing the transportation and storage costs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Yagyu
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Takaaki Kasuga
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Nodoka Ogata
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Koga
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Kazuho Daicho
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yohsuke Goi
- R&D Headquarters DKS Co. Ltd., 5 Ogawara-cho, Kisshoin, Minami-ku, Kyoto, 601-8391, Japan
| | - Masaya Nogi
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fujisawa S, Daicho K, Yurtsever A, Fukuma T, Saito T. Morphological Changes of Polymer-Grafted Nanocellulose during a Drying Process. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:3908-3916. [PMID: 37499269 PMCID: PMC10428159 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Nanocellulose is emerging as a sustainable building block in materials science. Surface modification via polymer grafting has proven to be effective in tuning diverse material properties of nanocellulose, including wettability of films and the reinforcement effect in polymer matrices. Despite its widespread use in various environments, the structure of a single polymer-grafted nanocellulose remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the morphologies of polymer-grafted CNFs at water-mica and air-mica interfaces by using all-atom molecular dynamics simulation and atomic force microscopy. We show that the morphologies of the polymer-grafted CNFs undergo a marked change in response to the surrounding environment due to variations in the conformation of the surface polymer chains. Our results provide novel insights into the molecular structure of polymer-grafted CNFs and can facilitate the design and development of innovative biomass-based nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Fujisawa
- Department
of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazuho Daicho
- Department
of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Nano
Life Science Institute (WPI NanoLSI), Kanazawa
University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Ayhan Yurtsever
- Nano
Life Science Institute (WPI NanoLSI), Kanazawa
University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fukuma
- Nano
Life Science Institute (WPI NanoLSI), Kanazawa
University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tsuguyuki Saito
- Department
of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang Y, Xiao Y, Wang Y, Lin Q, Zhu Y, Ni Z, Qiu R. Electroreductive Defluorination of Unsaturated PFAS by a Quaternary Ammonium Surfactant-Modified Cathode via Direct Cathodic Reduction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:7578-7589. [PMID: 37116179 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Remediation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in groundwater remains a technological challenge due to the trace concentrations of PFAS and the strength of their C-F bonds. This study investigated an electroreductive system with a quaternary ammonium surfactant-modified cathode for degrading (E)-perfluoro(4-methylpent-2-enoic acid) (PFMeUPA) at a low cathodic potential. A removal efficiency of 99.81% and defluorination efficiency of 78.67% were achieved under -1.6 V (vs Ag/AgCl) at the cathode modified by octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (OTAB). The overall degradation procedure started with the adsorption of PFMeUPA onto the modified cathode. This adsorption process was promoted by hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions between the surfactants and PFMeUPA, of which the binding percentage, binding mode, and binding energy were determined via molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The step-wise degradation pathway of PFMeUPA, including reductive defluorination and hydrogenation, was derived. Meanwhile, C-F bond breaking with direct electron transfer only was achieved for the first time in this study, which also showed that the C═C bond structure of PFAS facilitates the C-F cleavage. Overall, this study highlights the crucial role of quaternary ammonium surfactants in electron transfer and electrocatalytic activities in the electroreductive system and provides insights into novel remediation approaches on PFAS-contaminated groundwater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ye Xiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yafei Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qingqi Lin
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yanping Zhu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhuobiao Ni
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Rongliang Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fujisawa S, Daicho K, Yurtsever A, Fukuma T, Saito T. Molecular Dynamics of Drying-Induced Structural Transformations in a Single Nanocellulose. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2302276. [PMID: 37183294 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanocellulose is attracting attention in the field of materials science as a sustainable building block. Nanocellulose-based materials, such as films, membranes, and foams, are fabricated by drying colloidal dispersions. However, little is known about how the structure of a single nanocellulose changes during the complex drying process. Here, all-atom molecular dynamics simulations and atomic force microscopy is used to investigate the structural dynamics of single nanocellulose during drying. It is found that the twist morphology of the nanocellulose became localized along the fibril axis during the final stage of the drying process. Moreover, it is shown that conformational changes at C6 hydroxymethyl groups and glycoside bond is accompanied by the twist localization, indicating that the increase in the crystallinity occurred in the process. It is expected that the results will provide molecular insights into nanocellulose structures in material processing, which is helpful for the design of materials with advanced functionalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Fujisawa
- Department of Biomaterials Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 1138657, Japan
| | - Kazuho Daicho
- Department of Biomaterials Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 1138657, Japan
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-Nano LSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 9201192, Japan
| | - Ayhan Yurtsever
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-Nano LSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 9201192, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fukuma
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-Nano LSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 9201192, Japan
| | - Tsuguyuki Saito
- Department of Biomaterials Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 1138657, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Benselfelt T, Kummer N, Nordenström M, Fall AB, Nyström G, Wågberg L. The Colloidal Properties of Nanocellulose. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202201955. [PMID: 36650954 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanocelluloses are anisotropic nanoparticles of semicrystalline assemblies of glucan polymers. They have great potential as renewable building blocks in the materials platform of a more sustainable society. As a result, the research on nanocellulose has grown exponentially over the last decades. To fully utilize the properties of nanocelluloses, a fundamental understanding of their colloidal behavior is necessary. As elongated particles with dimensions in a critical nanosize range, their colloidal properties are complex, with several behaviors not covered by classical theories. In this comprehensive Review, we describe the most prominent colloidal behaviors of nanocellulose by combining experimental data and theoretical descriptions. We discuss the preparation and characterization of nanocellulose dispersions, how they form networks at low concentrations, how classical theories cannot describe their behavior, and how they interact with other colloids. We then show examples of how scientists can use this fundamental knowledge to control the assembly of nanocellulose into new materials with exceptional properties. We hope aspiring and established researchers will use this Review as a guide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Benselfelt
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nico Kummer
- Laboratory for Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Malin Nordenström
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Gustav Nyström
- Laboratory for Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lars Wågberg
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fujisawa S, Takasaki Y, Saito T. Structure of Polymer-Grafted Nanocellulose in the Colloidal Dispersion System. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:880-886. [PMID: 36521008 PMCID: PMC9912338 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Clarifying the primary structure of nanomaterials is invaluable to understand how the nanostructures lead to macroscopic material functions. Nanocellulose is attracting attention as a sustainable building block in materials science. The surface of nanocellulose is often chemically modified by polymer grafting to tune the material properties, such as the viscoelastic properties in rheology modifiers and the reinforcement effect in composites. However, the structure, such as molecular conformation of the grafted polymer and the twist of the core nanocellulose, is not well understood. Here, we investigated the structure of polymer-grafted nanocellulose in the colloidal dispersion system by combining small-angle X-ray scattering measurement and all-atom molecular dynamics simulation. We demonstrated formation of the polymer brush layer on the nanocellulose surface in solvents, which explains the excellent colloidal stability. We also found that twisting of the nanocellulose in the core is suppressed by the existence of the polymer brush layer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Fujisawa
- Department
of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yuichi Takasaki
- Business
Unit Characterization, Anton-Paar Japan, Tokyo 131-0034, Japan
| | - Tsuguyuki Saito
- Department
of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jiang X, Mietner JB, Harder C, Komban R, Chen S, Strelow C, Sazama U, Fröba M, Gimmler C, Müller-Buschbaum P, Roth SV, Navarro JRG. 3D Printable Hybrid Gel Made of Polymer Surface-Modified Cellulose Nanofibrils Prepared by Surface-Initiated Controlled Radical Polymerization (SI-SET-LRP) and Upconversion Luminescent Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:5687-5700. [PMID: 36669131 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A cellulose nanofibril-based hybrid gel material was developed by grafting the polymerized stearyl acrylate (PSA) and upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) onto cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) via Cu0-mediated radical polymerization (SET-LRP) to create a highly cross-linked CNF system. A two-step strategy was exploited to surface-exchange the ligand of the UCNPs from a hydrophobic ligand (oleic acid) to a hydrophilic small-molecule ligand (2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, AMPS) and therefore be suitable for SET-LRP. The characteristics and properties of the hybrid material (UCNP-PSA-CNF) were monitored by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), rheology, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and microscopic analysis. Those characterization techniques prove the efficient modification of the CNF, with the presence of 1.8% UCNPs. The luminescence measurement was carried out using a homebuilt confocal microscope with a 980 nm laser source. The nanostructure of UCNPs and their incorporated CNF species were measured by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). In addition, this CNF-based hybrid gel has decisive rheological properties, such as good viscoelasticity (loss tangent was below 0.35 for the UCNP-PSA-CNF gel, while the PSA-CNF gel reached the highest value of 0.42), shear-thinning behavior, and shape retention, and was successfully applied to three-dimensional (3D) gel printing throughout various 3D print models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuehe Jiang
- Institute of Wood Science, University Hamburg, Leuschnerstraße 91, 21031 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Benedikt Mietner
- Institute of Wood Science, University Hamburg, Leuschnerstraße 91, 21031 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Constantin Harder
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rajesh Komban
- Fraunhofer Center for Applied Nanotechnology CAN, Grindelallee 117, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Shouzheng Chen
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Strelow
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Uta Sazama
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, University Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Fröba
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, University Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Gimmler
- Fraunhofer Center for Applied Nanotechnology CAN, Grindelallee 117, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funtionelle Materielien, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Stephan V Roth
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julien R G Navarro
- Institute of Wood Science, University Hamburg, Leuschnerstraße 91, 21031 Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Seraji AA, Goharpey F, Khademzadeh Yeganeh J. Highly crystallized and tough polylactic acid through addition of surface modified cellulose nanocrystals. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Abbas Seraji
- Polymer & Color Engineering Department Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran Iran
| | - Fatemeh Goharpey
- Polymer & Color Engineering Department Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sustainable environmental remediation via biomimetic multifunctional lignocellulosic nano-framework. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4368. [PMID: 35902555 PMCID: PMC9334262 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31881-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical pollution threatens human health and ecosystem sustainability. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) like per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are expensive to clean up once emitted. Innovative and synergistic strategies are urgently needed, yet process integration and cost-effectiveness remain challenging. An in-situ PFAS remediation system is developed to employ a plant-derived biomimetic nano-framework to achieve highly efficient adsorption and subsequent fungal biotransformation synergistically. The multiple component framework is presented as Renewable Artificial Plant for In-situ Microbial Environmental Remediation (RAPIMER). RAPIMER exhibits high adsorption capacity for the PFAS compounds and diverse adsorption capability toward co-contaminants. Subsequently, RAPIMER provides the substrates and contaminants for in situ bioremediation via fungus Irpex lacteus and promotes PFAS detoxification. RAPIMER arises from cheap lignocellulosic sources, enabling a broader impact on sustainability and a means for low-cost pollutant remediation. Persistent organic pollutant (POP) remediation is important for protecting the environment and human health but can be expensive. Here, the authors report on the creation of a plant-based remediation material which can absorb high levels of POPs and then provide the nutrients needed for fungal degradation and detoxification.
Collapse
|
14
|
Cellulose Amphiphilic Materials: Chemistry, Process and Applications. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020386. [PMID: 35214120 PMCID: PMC8878053 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, amphiphilic cellulose (AC) is emerging as attractive biomaterial for different therapeutic use, due to its unique chemical and physical properties. Using it as alternative to synthetic polymers, AC opens up new avenues to prepare new bio-sustainable materials with low impact in the cellular environment. Herein, most recent methods to synthesize and processing AC materials from different sources—i.e., cellulose nanofibers, bacterial cellulose, cellulose derivatives—will be discussed. By an accurate optimization of morphology and surface chemistry, it is possible to develop innovative amphiphilic platforms, promising for a wide range of biomedical applications, from drug delivery to molecular/particle adsorption.
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen C, Wang Y, Zhou T, Wan Z, Yang Q, Xu Z, Li D, Jin Y. Toward Strong and Tough Wood-Based Hydrogels for Sensors. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:5204-5213. [PMID: 34787399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to develop strong and tough wood-based hydrogels, which are reinforced by an aligned cellulosic wood skeleton. The hypothesis is that improved interfacial interaction between the wood cell wall and a polymer is of great importance for improving the mechanical performance. To this end, a facile and green approach, called ultraviolet (UV) grafting, was performed on the polyacrylamide (PAM)-infiltrated wood skeleton without using initiators. An important finding was that PAM-grafted cellulose nanofiber (CNF) architectures formed in the obtained hydrogels under UV irradiation, where CNFs themselves serve as both initiators and cross-linkers. Moreover, an alkali swelling treatment was utilized to improve the accessibility of the wood cell wall before UV irradiation and thus facilitate grafting efficiency. The resulting alkali-treated Wood-g-PAM hydrogels exhibited significantly higher tensile properties than those of the Wood/PAM hydrogel and were further assembled into conductive devices for sensor applications. We believe that this UV grafting strategy may facilitate the development of strong wood-based composites with interesting features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuchu Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.,College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yiren Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhangmin Wan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Quanling Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhaoyang Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Dagang Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yongcan Jin
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
|
17
|
Xu W, Mihhels K, Kotov N, Lepikko S, Ras RHA, Johnson CM, Pettersson T, Kontturi E. Solid-state polymer adsorption for surface modification: The role of molecular weight. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 605:441-450. [PMID: 34333417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Solid-state polymer adsorption offers a distinct approach for surface modification. These ultrathin, so-called Guiselin layers can easily be obtained by placing a polymer melt in contact with an interface, followed by a removal of the non-adsorbed layer with a good solvent. While the mechanism of formation has been well established for Guiselin layers, their stability, crucial from the perspective of materials applications, is not. The stability is a trade-off in the entropic penalty between cooperative detachment of the number of segments directly adsorbed on the substrate and consecutively pinned monomers. EXPERIMENTS Experimental model systems of Guiselin layers of polystyrene (PS) on silicon wafers with native oxide layer on top were employed. The stability of the adsorbed layers was studied as a function of PS molecular weight and polydispersibility by various microscopic and spectroscopic tools as well as quasi-static contact angle measurements. FINDINGS Adsorbed layers from low molecular weight PS were disrupted with typical spinodal decomposition patterns whereas high molecular weight (>500 kDa) PS resulted in stable, continuous layers. Moreover, we show that Guiselin layers offer an enticing way to modify a surface, as demonstrated by adsorbed PS that imparts a hydrophobic character to initially hydrophilic silicon wafers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyang Xu
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland; Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Karl Mihhels
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Nikolay Kotov
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Drottning Kristinas väg 51, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sakari Lepikko
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Robin H A Ras
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland; Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - C Magnus Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Drottning Kristinas väg 51, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Pettersson
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden; Wallenberg Wood Science Centre, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Eero Kontturi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Isogai A. Emerging Nanocellulose Technologies: Recent Developments. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2000630. [PMID: 32686197 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202000630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanocelluloses have unique morphologies, characteristics, and surface nanostructures, and are prepared from abundant and renewable plant biomass resources. Therefore, expansion of the use of CO2 -accumulating nanocelluloses is expected to partly contribute to the establishment of a sustainable society and help overcome current global environmental issues. Nanocelluloses can be categorized into cellulose nanonetworks, cellulose nanofibrils, and cellulose nanocrystals, depending on their morphologies. All of these materials are first obtained as aqueous dispersions. In particular, cellulose nanofibrils have homogeneous ≈3 nm widths and average lengths of >500 nm, and significant amounts of charged groups are present on their surfaces. Such charged groups are formed by carboxymethylation, C6-carboxylation, phosphorylation, phosphite esterification, xanthation, sulfate esterification, and C2/C3 dicarboxylation during the pretreatment of plant cellulose fibers before their conversion into cellulose nanofibrils via mechanical disintegration in water. These surface-charged groups in nanocelluloses can be stoichiometrically counterion-exchanged into diverse metal and alkylammonium ions, resulting in surface-modified nanocelluloses with various new functions including hydrophobic, water-resistant, catalytic, superdeodorant, and gas-separation properties. However, many fundamental and application-related issues facing nanocelluloses must first be overcome to enable their further expansion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Isogai
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Effects of Acid-Anhydride-Modified Cellulose Nanofiber on Poly(Lactic Acid) Composite Films. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11030753. [PMID: 33802905 PMCID: PMC8002836 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effect of the addition of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) fillers on the performance of poly(lactic acid) (PLA). Modification of the hydroxyl group of cellulose to the acyl group by acid anhydrides changed the compatibility of the CNF with PLA. CNF was modified by acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride, and butyric anhydride to form surface-modified acetylated CNF (CNFa), propionylated CNF (CNFp), and butyrylated CNF (CNFb), respectively, to improve the compatibility with the PLA matrix. The effects of the different acid anhydrides were compared based on their rates of reaction in the acylation process. PLA with modified cellulose nanofiber fillers formed smoother surfaces with better transparency, mechanical, and wettability properties compared with the PLA/CNF composite film. The effects of CNFa, CNFp, and CNFb on the PLA matrix were compared, and it was found that CNFp was the best filler for PLA.
Collapse
|
20
|
Jiao D, Lossada F, Guo J, Skarsetz O, Hoenders D, Liu J, Walther A. Electrical switching of high-performance bioinspired nanocellulose nanocomposites. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1312. [PMID: 33637751 PMCID: PMC7910463 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21599-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Nature fascinates with living organisms showing mechanically adaptive behavior. In contrast to gels or elastomers, it is profoundly challenging to switch mechanical properties in stiff bioinspired nanocomposites as they contain high fractions of immobile reinforcements. Here, we introduce facile electrical switching to the field of bioinspired nanocomposites, and show how the mechanical properties adapt to low direct current (DC). This is realized for renewable cellulose nanofibrils/polymer nanopapers with tailor-made interactions by deposition of thin single-walled carbon nanotube electrode layers for Joule heating. Application of DC at specific voltages translates into significant electrothermal softening via dynamization and breakage of the thermo-reversible supramolecular bonds. The altered mechanical properties are reversibly switchable in power on/power off cycles. Furthermore, we showcase electricity-adaptive patterns and reconfiguration of deformation patterns using electrode patterning techniques. The simple and generic approach opens avenues for bioinspired nanocomposites for facile application in adaptive damping and structural materials, and soft robotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dejin Jiao
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Francisco Lossada
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Skarsetz
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Hoenders
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- A3BMS Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jin Liu
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Walther
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- A3BMS Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT-Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Im W, Park SY, Goo S, Yook S, Lee HL, Yang G, Youn HJ. Incorporation of CNF with Different Charge Property into PVP Hydrogel and Its Characteristics. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:426. [PMID: 33567602 PMCID: PMC7915088 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanofibril (CNF)-added polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) hydrogels were prepared using different types of CNFs and their properties were investigated. CNFs with different morphology and surface charge properties were prepared through quaternization and carboxymethylation pretreatments. The quaternized CNF exhibited the narrow and uniform width, and higher viscoelastic property compared to untreated and carboxymethylated CNF. When CNF was incorporated to PVP hydrogel, gel contents of all hydrogels were similar, irrespective of CNF addition quantity or CNF type. However, the absorptivity of the hydrogels in a swelling medium increased by adding CNF. In particular, the quaternized CNF-added PVP hydrogel exhibited the highest swelling ability. Unlike that of hydrogels with untreated and carboxymethylated CNFs, the storage modulus of PVP hydrogels after swelling significantly increased with an increase in the content of the quaternized CNF. These indicate that a PVP hydrogel with a high absorptivity and storage modulus can be prepared by incorporating the proper type of CNF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanhee Im
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea; (W.I.); (H.L.L.)
- R&D Institute, Moorim P&P Co., 3-36 Ubonggangyang-ro, Onsan-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 45011, Korea
| | - Shin Young Park
- Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Sooim Goo
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.G.); (S.Y.)
| | - Simyub Yook
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.G.); (S.Y.)
| | - Hak Lae Lee
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea; (W.I.); (H.L.L.)
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.G.); (S.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qilu University of Technology, 3501 Daxue Rd, Changqing District, Jinan 250353, China;
| | - Guihua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qilu University of Technology, 3501 Daxue Rd, Changqing District, Jinan 250353, China;
| | - Hye Jung Youn
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea; (W.I.); (H.L.L.)
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.G.); (S.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qilu University of Technology, 3501 Daxue Rd, Changqing District, Jinan 250353, China;
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Uetani K, Uto T, Suzuki N. Irregular and suppressed elastic deformation by a structural twist in cellulose nanofibre models. Sci Rep 2021; 11:790. [PMID: 33437010 PMCID: PMC7803750 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80890-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The elastic responsiveness of single cellulose nanofibres is important for advanced analysis of biological tissues and their use in sophisticated functional materials. However, the mechanical responsiveness derived from the twisted structure of cellulose nanofibres (CNFs) has remained unexplored. In this study, finite element simulations were applied to characterize the deformation response derived from the torsional structure by performing tensile and bending tests of an unconventionally very long and twisted rod model, having the known dimensional parameters and properties of CNFs. The antagonistic action of two types of structural elements (a contour twist and a curvilinear coordinate) was found to result in an irregular deformation response but with only small fluctuations. The contour twist generated rotational displacements under tensile load, but the curvilinear coordinate suppressed rotational displacement. Under bending stress, the contour twist minimized irregular bending deformation because of the orthotropic properties and made the bending stress transferability a highly linear response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kojiro Uetani
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan.
| | - Takuya Uto
- Organization for Promotion of Tenure Track, University of Miyazaki, Nishi 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Nozomu Suzuki
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen ZH, Fan ST, Qiu ZJ, Nie ZJ, Zhang SX, Zhang S, Li BJ, Cao Y. Tough double-network elastomers with slip-rings. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00327e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In order to surmount the inherent trade-off between toughness and stiffness for most elastomers, we developed a strategy which let two polymer networks form an interpenetrated structure through introducing slip-rings by a very simple one-step synthesis method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Shu-Ting Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Zhen-Jiang Qiu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Zi-Jun Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Shao-Xia Zhang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Bang-Jing Li
- Chengdu Institute of Biology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Ya Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Esterification of Cellulose Nanofibers with Valeric Acid and Hexanoic Acid. Macromol Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-020-8146-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
25
|
Abstract
AbstractCellulose nanofiber (CNF) is a crystalline fiber composed of a bundle of cellulose molecular chains and is expected to be used as a new biomass-derived nanomaterial. The CNF has a unique morphology: a few to tens of nanometer width and a submicrometer to micrometer length. Its application to various materials, in particular its utilization as a polymer reinforcing material, has been anticipated due to its excellent mechanical properties. However, CNFs and plastics are generally hard to mix, and thus, it is difficult to combine them at the nanolevel. In this review, we describe the CNF/polymer nanocompositing process from Pickering emulsion. We use ~3 nm-wide wood-derived CNFs and report on the preparation of CNF/polymer homogenous composite films. We also introduce a new type of CNF/polymer composite, a core-shell microparticle, using this Pickering emulsion as a template.
Collapse
|
26
|
Soeta H, Fujisawa S, Saito T, Isogai A. Controlling Miscibility of the Interphase in Polymer-Grafted Nanocellulose/Cellulose Triacetate Nanocomposites. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:23755-23761. [PMID: 32984694 PMCID: PMC7513333 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The miscibility at the interphase of polymer-grafted nanocellulose/cellulose triacetate (CTA) composite films was tailored using different casting solvents. The polymer-grafted cellulose nanofibrils were prepared by modifying surfaces of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-oxidized nanocellulose with amine-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The PEG-grafted nanocelluloses were individually dispersed in dichloromethane, 1,4-dioxane, and N,N-dimethylacetamide. The PEG-grafted nanocellulose/CTA composite films were prepared by mixing the nanocellulose dispersion and CTA solution and subsequent casting-drying. The miscibility of PEG and CTA at the interphase of the composite was controlled by controlling the solvent, which was confirmed by dynamic mechanical analysis. All the composite films showed high optical transparency. However, the mechanical properties of the composites differed because of the difference in the PEG/CTA interfacial miscibility. The composite films with better PEG/CTA interfacial miscibility showed higher Young's modulus, strength, and toughness. This interfacial design technique paves the way to exploiting the reinforcing potential of highly transparent and hydrophobic surface-grafted nanocellulose/polymer composite materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Soeta
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 113-8657 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuji Fujisawa
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 113-8657 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuguyuki Saito
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 113-8657 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Isogai
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 113-8657 Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yeasmin S, Yeum JH, Yang SB. Fabrication and characterization of pullulan-based nanocomposites reinforced with montmorillonite and tempo cellulose nanofibril. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 240:116307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
28
|
Zhang L, Dong H, Li M, Wang D, Liu M, Wang C, Fu S. Synthesis and characterization of carbon black modified by polylactic acid (PLA‐
g
‐CB) as pigment for dope dyeing of black PLA fibers. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐TextileJiangnan University, Ministry of Education Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Hao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐TextileJiangnan University, Ministry of Education Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐TextileJiangnan University, Ministry of Education Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐TextileJiangnan University, Ministry of Education Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Mingming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐TextileJiangnan University, Ministry of Education Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Chunxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐TextileJiangnan University, Ministry of Education Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Shaohai Fu
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐TextileJiangnan University, Ministry of Education Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Liang T, Wang L. Preparation, Characterization and Application of a Low Water-Sensitive Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch. Gum Intelligent Film Incorporated with Anionic Cellulose Nanofiber as a Reinforcing Component. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12010247. [PMID: 31968624 PMCID: PMC7023553 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A low-water-sensitive Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch. gum (ASKG) based intelligent film was developed. Red cabbage extracts (RCE) was selected as a natural pH-sensitive indicator, and anionic cellulose nanofiber (ACNF) was added as a hydrophobic and locking host. The zeta potential, rheology, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and release results indicated that the RCE was locked by the ACNF via electrostatic interactions, moreover, broke the original complicated network and ordered arrangement of polymer molecules in the developed intelligent films. RCE addition decreased the tensile strength, oxygen, and water vapor barrier properties and light transmission of the developed intelligent films, while increasing the elongation at break. The films could respond to buffer solutions and NH3 through different color changes. The developed intelligent film was hydrophobic, which could precisely detect the freshwater shrimp freshness in real time via color changes, which indicated that the films have potential in intelligent packaging and gas-sensing label fields.
Collapse
|
30
|
Clarkson CM, El Awad Azrak SM, Schueneman GT, Snyder JF, Youngblood JP. Crystallization kinetics and morphology of small concentrations of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) melt-compounded into poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with plasticizer. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.122101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
31
|
Chen Y, Lu K, Song Y, Han J, Yue Y, Biswas SK, Wu Q, Xiao H. A Skin-Inspired Stretchable, Self-Healing and Electro-Conductive Hydrogel with A Synergistic Triple Network for Wearable Strain Sensors Applied in Human-Motion Detection. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1737. [PMID: 31817640 PMCID: PMC6956062 DOI: 10.3390/nano9121737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Keywords: nanocellulose; polyacrylic acid; polypyrrole; hydrogel; self-healing and conductive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.C.); (K.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Kaiyue Lu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.C.); (K.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yuhan Song
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.C.); (K.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Jingquan Han
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.C.); (K.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yiying Yue
- College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Subir Kumar Biswas
- Laboratory of Active Bio-based Materials Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan;
| | - Qinglin Wu
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
| | - Huining Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada;
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Goi Y, Fujisawa S, Saito T, Yamane K, Kuroda K, Isogai A. Dual Functions of TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibers in Oil-in-Water Emulsions: A Pickering Emulsifier and a Unique Dispersion Stabilizer. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:10920-10926. [PMID: 31340122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The emulsifying and dispersing mechanisms of oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) have been investigated. The emulsifying mechanism was studied by changing the oil/water interfacial tension from 8.5 to 53.3 mN/m using various types of oils. The results showed that the higher the oil/water interfacial tension, the greater is the amount of CNFs adsorbed at the oil/water interface, making the CNF-adsorbed oil-in-water emulsions thermodynamically more stable. Moreover, the amount of CNFs adsorbed on the surfaces of the oil droplets increased with increasing interfacial area. The dispersion stability of the oil droplets was dominated by the CNF concentration in the water phase. Above the critical concentration (0.15% w/w), the CNFs formed network structures in the water phase, and the emulsion was effectively stabilized against creaming. Emulsion formation and the CNF network structures in the emulsion were visualized by cryo-scanning electron microscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yohsuke Goi
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-8657 , Japan
- Rheocrysta R&D Group Life Sciences R&D Department , R&D Headquarters, DKS Co. Ltd. , 5 Ogawara-cho, Kisshoin , Minami-ku, Kyoto 601-8391 , Japan
| | - Shuji Fujisawa
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-8657 , Japan
| | - Tsuguyuki Saito
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-8657 , Japan
| | - Kenichi Yamane
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute , Tsukuba 305-8687 , Japan
| | - Katsushi Kuroda
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute , Tsukuba 305-8687 , Japan
| | - Akira Isogai
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-8657 , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pal N, Banerjee S, Roy P, Pal K. Reduced graphene oxide and PEG-grafted TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanocrystal reinforced poly-lactic acid nanocomposite film for biomedical application. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 104:109956. [PMID: 31499971 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this work, both cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were reinforced into poly-lactic acid (PLA) to enhance the stiffness, strength and thermal stability of the pure polymer i.e. PLA. To enhance the uniform dispersion of CNC (which is a major concern with PLA) and rGO in the hydrophobic polymer matrix, CNC's surface was first modified using TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical) oxidation method followed by surface grafting of TEMPO-oxidized CNC (TOCNC) performed with polyethylene glycol (PEG). The PEG-grafting on crystalline region of cellulose nanofibrils was achieved through ionic bonds by applying ion-exchange method (simple and easy method). The obtained PEG-grafted-TOCNC indicated uniform dispersion at the nanoelement level in non-polar (organic) compound i.e. chloroform. Further, the PEG-grafted-TOCNC/chloroform with different blend ratios, PLA/chloroform and rGO/chloroform solution were mixed together and solvent casted onto a petri-dish to obtain PLA/PEG-TOCNC/rGO nanocomposite film. The tensile strength and thermal stability were remarkably improved for the film containing highest wt% of modified CNC. In addition to this, the film showed reduced water vapor barrier properties and antioxidant activity which enables it to be used as a packaging films. Moreover, the film displayed negligible toxicity and cytocompatibility to fibroblast cells C3H10T1/2. These attractive properties of PLA/PEG-TOCNC/rGO nanocomposite film render the application of film as a scaffold in tissue engineering field and in packaging application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Pal
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, IIT Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Somesh Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology, IIT Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Partha Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, IIT Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Kaushik Pal
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, IIT Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India; Centre of Nanotechnology, IIT Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Patel DK, Dutta SD, Lim KT. Nanocellulose-based polymer hybrids and their emerging applications in biomedical engineering and water purification. RSC Adv 2019; 9:19143-19162. [PMID: 35516880 PMCID: PMC9065078 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03261d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanocellulose, derived from cellulose hydrolysis, has unique optical and mechanical properties, high surface area, and good biocompatibility. It is frequently used as a reinforcing agent to improve the native properties of materials. The presence of functional groups in its surface enables the alteration of its behavior and its use under different conditions. Nanocellulose is typically used in the form of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), or bacterial nanocellulose (BNC). CNCs and CNFs have a high aspect ratio with typical lengths of ∼100-250 nm and 0.1-2 μm, respectively; BNC is nanostructured cellulose produced by bacteria. Nanohybrid materials are a combination of organic or inorganic nanomaterials with macromolecules forming a single composite and typically exhibit superior optical, thermal, and mechanical properties to those of native polymers, owing to the greater interactions between the macromolecule matrix and the nanomaterials. Excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability make nanocellulose an ideal material for applications in biomedicine. Unlike native polymers, nanocellulose-based nanohybrids exhibit a sustained drug release ability, which can be further optimized by changing the content or chemical environment of the nanocellulose, as well as the external stimuli, such as the pH and electric fields. In this review, we describe the process of extraction of nanocellulose from different natural sources; its effects on the structural, morphological, and mechanical properties of polymers; and its various applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh K Patel
- The Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Sayan Deb Dutta
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Taek Lim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chemo-enzymatic preparation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers-graft-poly(lactic acid)s. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
36
|
Structure and rheology of aqueous suspensions and hydrogels of cellulose nanofibrils: Effect of volume fraction and ionic strength. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 211:315-321. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.01.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
37
|
Younas M, Noreen A, Sharif A, Majeed A, Hassan A, Tabasum S, Mohammadi A, Zia KM. A review on versatile applications of blends and composites of CNC with natural and synthetic polymers with mathematical modeling. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 124:591-626. [PMID: 30447361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose is world's most abundant, renewable and recyclable polysaccharide on earth. Cellulose is composed of both amorphous and crystalline regions. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are extracted from crystalline region of cellulose. The most attractive feature of CNC is that it can be used as nanofiller to reinforce several synthetic and natural polymers. In this article, a comprehensive overview of modification of several natural and synthetic polymers using CNCs as reinforcer in respective polymer matrix is given. The immense activities of CNCs are successfully utilized to enhance the mechanical properties and to broaden the field of application of respective polymer. All the technical scientific issues have been discussed highlighting the recent advancement in biomedical and packaging field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Younas
- Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aqdas Noreen
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Sharif
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Majeed
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | - Abida Hassan
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Tabasum
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan
| | - Abbas Mohammadi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Khalid Mahmood Zia
- Institute of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38030, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ramar P, Jana S, Chatterjee S, Jaisankar SN, Samanta D. Immobilization of quaternized polymers on bacterial cellulose by different grafting techniques. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj02199j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Different polymers were immobilized on bacterial cellulose surfaces using grafting techniques to improve their mechanical properties and surface hydrophobicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P. Ramar
- Polymer Science & Technology Department
- CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute (CSIR-CLRI)
- Chennai 600020
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Sourita Jana
- Polymer Science & Technology Department
- CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute (CSIR-CLRI)
- Chennai 600020
- India
- University of Madras
| | | | - Sellamuthu N. Jaisankar
- Polymer Science & Technology Department
- CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute (CSIR-CLRI)
- Chennai 600020
- India
| | - Debasis Samanta
- Polymer Science & Technology Department
- CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute (CSIR-CLRI)
- Chennai 600020
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Im W, Oh K, Rajabi Abhari A, Youn HJ, Lee HL. Recycling of isopropanol for cost-effective, environmentally friendly production of carboxymethylated cellulose nanofibrils. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 208:365-371. [PMID: 30658812 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.12.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
An approach to recycling isopropanol used in the carboxymethylation of pulp fiber was investigated as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly method of producing cellulose nanofibrils (CNF). Carboxymethylation of pulp fiber was carried out using isopropanol (IPA) as the sole solvent. IPA was recovered after carboxymethylation reaction and recycled in the next carboxymethylation reaction. Simple recycling of IPA decreased the reaction efficiency of carboxymethylation due to the increase of water content in the IPA. To dehydrate the recovered IPA, a 4 Å molecular sieve was used as a drying material. It was shown that dehydration restored carboxymethylation efficiency to the same level as when fresh IPA was used. The characteristics of the carboxymethylated CNFs produced using the recycled IPA were evaluated, including fibrillation tendency, average width, and width distribution, and it was shown that the use of recycled IPA after dehydration treatment did not cause any changes in carboxymethylated CNF properties. Recycling IPA after simple dehydration using a molecular sieve is thus a cost-effective and environmentally friendly method of producing carboxymethylated CNF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanhee Im
- Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
| | - Kyudeok Oh
- Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
| | - Araz Rajabi Abhari
- Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
| | - Hye Jung Youn
- Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
| | - Hak Lae Lee
- Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Recent developments in nanocellulose-based biodegradable polymers, thermoplastic polymers, and porous nanocomposites. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
41
|
Isogai A, Hänninen T, Fujisawa S, Saito T. Review: Catalytic oxidation of cellulose with nitroxyl radicals under aqueous conditions. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
42
|
Wu H, Nagarajan S, Shu J, Zhang T, Zhou L, Duan Y, Zhang J. Green and facile surface modification of cellulose nanocrystal as the route to produce poly(lactic acid) nanocomposites with improved properties. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 197:204-214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.05.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
43
|
Soeta H, Lo Re G, Masuda A, Fujisawa S, Saito T, Berglund LA, Isogai A. Tailoring Nanocellulose-Cellulose Triacetate Interfaces by Varying the Surface Grafting Density of Poly(ethylene glycol). ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:11883-11889. [PMID: 31459274 PMCID: PMC6645492 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Careful design of the structures of interfaces between nanofillers and polymer matrices can significantly improve the mechanical and thermal properties of the overall nanocomposites. Here, we investigate how the grafting density on the surface of nanocelluloses influences the properties of nanocellulose/cellulose triacetate (CTA) composites. The surface of nanocellulose, which was prepared by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl oxidation, was modified with long poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chains at different grafting densities. The PEG-grafted nanocelluloses were homogeneously embedded in CTA matrices. The mechanical and thermal properties of the nanocomposites were characterized. Increasing the grafting density caused the soft PEG chains to form denser and thicker layers around the rigid nanocelluloses. The PEG layers were not completely miscible with the CTA matrix. This structure considerably enhanced the energy dissipation by allowing sliding at the interface, which increased the toughness of the nanocomposites. The thermal and mechanical properties of the composites could be tailored by controlling the grafting density. These findings provide a deeper understanding about interfacial design for nanocellulose-based composite materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Soeta
- Department
of Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 113-8657 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Giada Lo Re
- Wallenberg
Wood Science Center and Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Akihiro Masuda
- The
3rd Morphological Research Laboratory, Morphological Research Laboratories, Toray Research Center Inc., 520-8567 Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Shuji Fujisawa
- Department
of Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 113-8657 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuguyuki Saito
- Department
of Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 113-8657 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lars A. Berglund
- Wallenberg
Wood Science Center and Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Akira Isogai
- Department
of Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 113-8657 Tokyo, Japan
- E-mail: . Tel: +81 3 5841 5538
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Geng S, Yao K, Zhou Q, Oksman K. High-Strength, High-Toughness Aligned Polymer-Based Nanocomposite Reinforced with Ultralow Weight Fraction of Functionalized Nanocellulose. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:4075-4083. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Geng
- Division of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå SE-971 87, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Kun Yao
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Qi Zhou
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Kristiina Oksman
- Division of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå SE-971 87, Sweden
- Fibre and Particle Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu FI-90014, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Polylactic acid nanocomposites toughened with nanofibrillated cellulose: microstructure, thermal, and mechanical properties. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-018-0651-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
46
|
Li K, Huang J, Xu D, Zhong Y, Zhang L, Cai J. Mechanically strong polystyrene nanocomposites by peroxide-induced grafting of styrene monomers within nanoporous cellulose gels. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 199:473-481. [PMID: 30143152 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nanocellulose is a promising candidate as a "green" reinforcing nanofiller for polymer nanocomposites. Three-dimensionally nanoporous cellulose gels (NCGs) have been demonstrated to exhibit significant dispersibility and compatibilization with hydrophobic polymers. We report a simple and versatile process for the fabrication of NCG/polystyrene (PS) nanocomposites by the in situ free radical polymerization of styrene monomers within the NCG. The volume fraction of the NCG in the NCG/PS nanocomposites could be controlled from 10% to 60%. The interconnected nanofibrillar cellulose networks of the NCG were finely distributed and well preserved in the PS matrix after polymerization. Dynamic mechanical analysis revealed a remarkable reinforcement in the tensile storage modulus of the NCG/PS nanocomposites, especially above the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the PS matrix. The modified percolation model was in good agreement with the mechanical properties of the NCG/PS nanocomposites. The introduction of the NCG into the PS matrix significantly improved the flexural and tension properties of the NCG/PS nanocomposites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- College of Chemistry & Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Junchao Huang
- College of Chemistry & Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Duoduo Xu
- College of Chemistry & Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhong
- College of Chemistry & Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Cai
- College of Chemistry & Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China; Research Institute of Shenzhen, Wuhan University, Shenzhen, 518057, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Shang Q, Liu C, Hu Y, Jia P, Hu L, Zhou Y. Bio-inspired hydrophobic modification of cellulose nanocrystals with castor oil. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 191:168-175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
48
|
Ortiz CM, Salgado PR, Dufresne A, Mauri AN. Microfibrillated cellulose addition improved the physicochemical and bioactive properties of biodegradable films based on soy protein and clove essential oil. Food Hydrocoll 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
49
|
Liu Y, Sui Y, Liu C, Liu C, Wu M, Li B, Li Y. A physically crosslinked polydopamine/nanocellulose hydrogel as potential versatile vehicles for drug delivery and wound healing. Carbohydr Polym 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.01.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
50
|
Polyurethane acrylate networks including cellulose nanocrystals: a comparison between UV and EB- curing. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|