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Wang T, Liu C, Li Y, Zhang L, Cheng Z. Preparation of Temperature-Responsive Films Based on PNVCL Microgel with Varying Sizes and Cross-Linking Degrees for Cell Harvesting. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400156. [PMID: 38683686 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
This work reports preparing thermal responsive poly (N-isovinylcaprolactam) (PNVCL) microgel based films for cell growth and detachment. PNVCL microgels of hydrated size ranging from 386 to 815 nm (25 °C) and different crosslinking degree are prepared. The PNVCL microgels can be rapidly and massively deposited on glass by spin coating method. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and water contact angle (WCA) are used to study the influence of crosslinking degree and particle size on the surface morphology, stability, and hydrophilicity of PNVCL microgel film. The cell activity of the desorbed cells is quantitatively characterized employing human normal lung epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). The results show that BEAS-2B cells can be desorbed quickly from the film in 30 min, and the optical density (OD) value of desorbed cells incubated after 3 d increases by approximately 52% compared to the control group. This study broadens the selection of temperature-sensitive film for cell harvesting, and provides a new tool for the quantitative characterization of desorbed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yu Li
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lifen Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhenping Cheng
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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2
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Uredat S, Gujare A, Runge J, Truzzolillo D, Oberdisse J, Hellweg T. A review of stimuli-responsive polymer-based gating membranes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:2732-2744. [PMID: 38193196 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05143a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The formation and properties of smart (stimuli-responsive) membranes are reviewed, with a special focus on temperature and pH triggering of gating to water, ions, polymers, nanoparticles, or other molecules of interest. The review is organized in two parts, starting with all-smart membranes based on intrinsically smart materials, in particular of the poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) family and similar polymers. The key steps of membrane fabrication are discussed, namely the deposition into thin films, functionalization of pores, and the secondary crosslinking of pre-existing microgel particles into membranes. The latter may be free-standing and do not necessitate the presence of a porous support layer. The temperature-dependent swelling properties of polymers provide a means of controlling the size of pores, and thus size-sensitive gating. Throughout the review, we highlight "positive" (gates open) or "negative" (closed) gating effects with respect to increasing temperature. In the second part, the functionalization of porous organic or inorganic membranes of various origins by either microgel particles or linear polymer brushes is discussed. In this case, the key steps are the adsorption or grafting mechanisms. Finally, whenever provided by the authors, the suitability of smart gating membranes for specific applications is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Uredat
- Department of Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Aditi Gujare
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France.
| | - Jonas Runge
- Department of Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Domenico Truzzolillo
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France.
| | - Julian Oberdisse
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France.
| | - Thomas Hellweg
- Department of Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
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3
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Kusmus DNM, van Veldhuisen TW, Khan A, Cornelissen JJLM, Paulusse JMJ. Uniquely sized nanogels via crosslinking polymerization. RSC Adv 2022; 12:29423-29432. [PMID: 36320766 PMCID: PMC9562763 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04123e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanogels are very promising carriers for nanomedicine, as they can be prepared in the favorable nanometer size regime, can be functionalized with targeting agents and are responsive to stimuli, i.e. temperature and pH. This induces shrinking or swelling, resulting in controlled release of a therapeutic cargo. Our interest lies in the controlled synthesis of functional nanogels, such as those containing epoxide moieties, that can be subsequently functionalized. Co-polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate and a bifunctional methacrylate crosslinker under dilute conditions gives rise to well-defined epoxide-functional nanogels, of which the sizes are controlled by the degree of polymerization. Nanogels with well-defined sizes (polydispersity of 0.2) ranging from 38 nm to 95 nm were prepared by means of controlled radical polymerization. The nanogels were characterized in detail by FT-IR, DLS, size exclusion chromatography, NMR spectroscopy, AFM and TEM. Nucleophilic attack with functional thiols or amines on the least hindered carbon of the epoxide provides water-soluble nanogels, without altering the backbone structure, while reaction with sodium azide provides handles for further functionalization via click chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disraëli N. M. Kusmus
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies, Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology, University of TwenteDrienerlolaan 57522EnschedeNBNetherlands
| | - Thijs W. van Veldhuisen
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies, Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology, University of TwenteDrienerlolaan 57522EnschedeNBNetherlands
| | - Anzar Khan
- Korea University145 Anam-ro, Anam-dongSeoulSeongbuk-guKorea
| | - Jeroen J. L. M. Cornelissen
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies, Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology, University of TwenteDrienerlolaan 57522EnschedeNBNetherlands
| | - Jos M. J. Paulusse
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies, Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology, University of TwenteDrienerlolaan 57522EnschedeNBNetherlands
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4
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Nickel AC, Kratzenberg T, Bochenek S, Schmidt MM, Rudov AA, Falkenstein A, Potemkin II, Crassous JJ, Richtering W. Anisotropic Microgels Show Their Soft Side. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:5063-5080. [PMID: 34586813 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropic, submicrometer-sized particles are versatile systems providing interesting features in creating ordering in two-dimensional systems. Combining hard ellipsoids with a soft shell further enhances the opportunities to trigger and control order and alignment. In this work, we report rich 2D phase behavior and show how softness affects the ordering of anisotropic particles at fluid oil-water interfaces. Three different core-shell systems were synthesized such that they have the same elliptical hematite-silica core but differ with respect to thickness and stiffness of the soft microgel shell. Compression isotherms, the shape of individual core-shell microgels, and their 2D order at a decane-water interface are investigated by means of the Langmuir-Blodgett technique combined with ex-situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging as well as dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations. We show how the softness, size, and anisotropy of the microgel shell affect the side-to-side vs tip-to-tip ordering of anisotropic hybrid microgels as well as the alignment with respect to the direction of compression in the Langmuir trough. A large, soft microgel shell leads to an ordered structure with tip-to-tip alignment directed perpendicular to the direction of compression. In contrast, a thin and harder microgel shell leads to side-to-side ordering orientated parallel to the compression direction. In addition, the thin and harder microgel shell induces clustering of the microgels in the dilute state, indicating the presence of strong capillary interactions. Our findings highlight the relevance of softness for the complex ordering of anisotropic hybrid microgels at interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C Nickel
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany, European Union
| | - Timon Kratzenberg
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany, European Union
| | - Steffen Bochenek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany, European Union
| | - Maximilian M Schmidt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany, European Union
| | - Andrey A Rudov
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- DWI Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, 52056 Aachen, Germany, European Union
| | - Andreas Falkenstein
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany, European Union
| | - Igor I Potemkin
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- DWI Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, 52056 Aachen, Germany, European Union
- National Research South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
| | - Jérôme J Crassous
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany, European Union
| | - Walter Richtering
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany, European Union
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5
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Jose M, Lokesh M, Vaippully R, Satapathy DK, Roy B. Temporal evolution of viscoelasticity of soft colloid laden air-water interface: a multiple mode microrheology study. RSC Adv 2022; 12:12988-12996. [PMID: 35497011 PMCID: PMC9049755 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00765g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical properties of particle laden interfaces is crucial for various applications. For water droplets containing soft microgel particles, passive microrheology studies have revealed that the dynamically varying surface area of the evaporating drop results in a viscous to viscoelastic transition along the plane of the interface. However, the behaviour of the medium orthogonal to the interface has been elusive to study using passive microrheology techniques. In this work, we employ optical tweezers and birefringent probe particles to extract the direction-resolved viscoelastic properties of the particle-laden interface. By using special types of birefringent tracer particles, we detect not only the in-plane translational mode but also the out-of-plane translational (perpendicular to the interface) and rotational modes. We first compare different passive methods of probing the viscoelasticity of the microgel laden interface of sessile drop and then study the modes perpendicular to the interface and the out-of-plane rotational mode using optical tweezers based passive microrheology. The viscoelasticity of the interface using two different methods, i.e., multiple-particle tracking passive microrheology using video microscopy and by trapping birefringent tracer particles in optical tweezers, relying on different models are studied and found to exhibit comparable trends. Interestingly, the mode orthogonal to the interface and the rotational mode also show the viscous to viscoelastic transition as the droplet evaporates, but with lesser viscoelasticity during the same evaporation time than the in-plane mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merin Jose
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai Tamil Nadu India 600036
| | - Muruga Lokesh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai Tamil Nadu India 600036
| | - Rahul Vaippully
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai Tamil Nadu India 600036
| | - Dillip K Satapathy
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai Tamil Nadu India 600036
| | - Basudev Roy
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai Tamil Nadu India 600036
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6
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Two-dimensional colloidal crystal of soft microgel spheres: Development, preparation and applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 212:112358. [PMID: 35101822 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) colloidal crystals are ordered monolayer arrays of colloidal sphere particles assembled on the substrates or at phase interfaces. Owing to their unique periodic structure and fascinating properties, 2D colloidal crystals have aroused considerable interest because of their potential applications. Among them, 2D colloidal crystals self-assembled from soft microgel spheres stand out particularly. The 2D colloidal crystals of soft microgel spheres combine the advantages of monolayer colloidal crystals and sensitive microgels, which have a good application prospect in biomedical area. In this article, we provide a systematic overview of 2D colloidal crystals of soft microgel spheres related to their development, preparation and applications. First, various preparation methods of 2D colloidal crystal of microgels are introduced, including dip-coating, drop-coating, spin-coating, interface assembly, surface reaction-assisted assembly, and so forth. Second, representative biomedical applications consisting of optical sensor, drug delivery, antibacterial coating, cell culture, and colloidal template are also exemplified to show the high performance of 2D colloidal crystals of soft microgel spheres. In addition, we also present prospects of future developments of 2D microgel colloidal crystals.
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7
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Fan X, Gu S, Lei J, Gu S, Yang L. Controlled Release of Insulin Based on Temperature and Glucose Dual Responsive Biomicrocapsules. Molecules 2022; 27:1686. [PMID: 35268787 PMCID: PMC8912095 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of diabetes lies in developing novel functional carriers, which are expected to have the unique capability of monitoring blood glucose levels continuously and dispensing insulin correctly and timely. Hence, this study is proposing to create a smart self-regulated insulin delivery system according to changes in glucose concentration. Temperature and glucose dual responsive copolymer microcapsules bearing N-isopropylacrylamide and 3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid as main components were developed by bottom-spray coating technology and template method. The insulinoma β-TC6 cells were trapped in the copolymer microcapsules by use of temperature sensitivity, and then growth, proliferation, and glucose-responsive insulin secretion of microencapsulated cells were successively monitored. The copolymer microcapsules showed favorable structural stability and good biocompatibility against β-TC6 cells. Compared with free cells, the biomicrocapsules presented a more effective and safer glucose-dependent insulin release behavior. The bioactivity of secreted and released insulin did not differ between free and encapsulated β-TC6 cells. The results demonstrated that the copolymer microcapsules had a positive effect on real-time sensing of glucose and precise controlled release of insulin. The intelligent drug delivery system is supposed to mimic insulin secretion in a physiological manner, and further provide new perspectives and technical support for the development of artificial pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Fan
- College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (X.F.); (S.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Shiya Gu
- College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (X.F.); (S.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Jingsheng Lei
- College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (X.F.); (S.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Shiyan Gu
- College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (X.F.); (S.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Lei Yang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, China
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8
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Vialetto J, Camerin F, Grillo F, Ramakrishna SN, Rovigatti L, Zaccarelli E, Isa L. Effect of Internal Architecture on the Assembly of Soft Particles at Fluid Interfaces. ACS NANO 2021; 15:13105-13117. [PMID: 34328717 PMCID: PMC8388124 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Monolayers of soft colloidal particles confined at fluid interfaces are at the core of a broad range of technological processes, from the stabilization of responsive foams and emulsions to advanced lithographic techniques. However, establishing a fundamental relation between their internal architecture, which is controlled during synthesis, and their structural and mechanical properties upon interfacial confinement remains an elusive task. To address this open issue, which defines the monolayer's properties, we synthesize core-shell microgels, whose soft core can be chemically degraded in a controlled fashion. This strategy allows us to obtain a series of particles ranging from analogues of standard batch-synthesized microgels to completely hollow ones after total core removal. Combined experimental and numerical results show that our hollow particles have a thin and deformable shell, leading to a temperature-responsive collapse of the internal cavity and a complete flattening after adsorption at a fluid interface. Mechanical characterization shows that a critical degree of core removal is required to obtain soft disk-like particles at an oil-water interface, which present a distinct response to compression. At low packing fractions, the mechanical response of the monolayer is dominated by the outer polymer chains forming a corona surrounding the particles within the interfacial plane, regardless of the presence of a core. By contrast, at high compression, the absence of a core enables the particles to deform in the direction orthogonal to the interface and to be continuously compressed without altering the monolayer structure. These findings show how fine, single-particle architectural control during synthesis can be engineered to determine the interfacial behavior of microgels, enabling one to link particle conformation with the resulting material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Vialetto
- Laboratory
for Soft Materials and Interfaces, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Camerin
- CNR
Institute for Complex Systems, Uos Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Department
of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, via A. Scarpa 14, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Fabio Grillo
- Laboratory
for Soft Materials and Interfaces, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Shivaprakash N. Ramakrishna
- Laboratory
for Soft Materials and Interfaces, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Rovigatti
- CNR
Institute for Complex Systems, Uos Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Department
of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Emanuela Zaccarelli
- CNR
Institute for Complex Systems, Uos Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Department
of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Lucio Isa
- Laboratory
for Soft Materials and Interfaces, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Nishizawa
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Kenshiro Honda
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Daisuke Suzuki
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
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10
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Nishizawa Y, Minato H, Inui T, Saito I, Kureha T, Shibayama M, Uchihashi T, Suzuki D. Nanostructure and thermoresponsiveness of poly( N-isopropyl methacrylamide)-based hydrogel microspheres prepared via aqueous free radical precipitation polymerization. RSC Adv 2021; 11:13130-13137. [PMID: 35423887 PMCID: PMC8697349 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01650d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermoresponsive hydrogel microspheres (microgels) are smart materials that quickly respond to external stimuli, and their thermoresponsiveness can be tuned by varying the constituent chemical species. Although uniformly sized microgels can be prepared via aqueous free radical precipitation polymerization, the nanostructure of the obtained microgels is complex and remains unclear so far. In the present study, the nanostructure and thermoresponsiveness of poly(N-isopropyl methacrylamide) (pNIPMAm)-based microgels, which have a volume-transition temperature of ∼43 °C, were evaluated mainly using temperature-controllable high-speed atomic force microscopy. These observations, which are characterized by high spatio-temporal resolution, revealed that the pNIPMAm microgels have a peculiar heterogeneous structure, for example a core-shell and non-thermoresponsive nanostructure in the core region, that originates from the precipitation polymerization process. Furthermore, it was found that the adsorption concentration of the microgels on the substrate is one of the keys for controlling their thermoresponsiveness. These findings can be expected to advance the design of new materials such as thermoresponsive nanosheets and stimuli-responsive coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Nishizawa
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University 3-15-1 Tokida Ueda Nagano 386-8567 Japan
| | - Haruka Minato
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University 3-15-1 Tokida Ueda Nagano 386-8567 Japan
| | - Takumi Inui
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University 3-15-1 Tokida Ueda Nagano 386-8567 Japan
| | - Ikuma Saito
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University 3-15-1 Tokida Ueda Nagano 386-8567 Japan
| | - Takuma Kureha
- Graduate School of Science & Technology, Hirosaki University 3, Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki Aomori 036-8561 Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Shibayama
- Neutron Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society 162-1 Shirakata Tokai Ibaraki 319-1106 Japan
| | - Takayuki Uchihashi
- Department of Physics, Structural Biology Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chiksusa-ku Nagoya Aichi 464-8602 Japan
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Science 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji Okazaki Aichi 444-8787 Japan
| | - Daisuke Suzuki
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University 3-15-1 Tokida Ueda Nagano 386-8567 Japan
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University 3-15-1 Tokida Ueda Nagano 386-8567 Japan
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11
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Lee A, Septiadi D, Taladriz‐Blanco P, Almeida M, Haeni L, Spuch‐Calvar M, Abdussalam W, Rothen‐Rutishauser B, Petri‐Fink A. Particle Stiffness and Surface Topography Determine Macrophage-Mediated Removal of Surface Adsorbed Particles. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001667. [PMID: 33434386 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cellular surface recognition and behavior are driven by a host of physical and chemical features which have been exploited to influence particle-cell interactions. Mechanical and topographical cues define the physical milieu which plays an important role in defining a range of cellular activities such as material recognition, adhesion, and migration through cytoskeletal organization and signaling. In order to elucidate the effect of local mechanical and topographical features generated by the adsorption of particles to an underlying surface on primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM), a series of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) particles with differing rigidity are self-assembled to form a defined particle-decorated surface. Assembly of particle-decorated surfaces is facilitated by modification of the underlying glass to possess a positive charge through functionalization using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) or coating with poly(L-lysine) (PLL). MDMs are noted to preferentially remove particles with higher degrees of crosslinking (stiffer) than those with lower degrees of crosslinking (softer). Alterations to the surface density of particles enabled a greater area of the particle-decorated surface to be cleared. Uniquely, the impact of particle adsorption is evinced to have a direct impact on topographical recognition of the surface, suggesting a novel approach for controllably affecting cell-surface recognition and response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Lee
- Adolphe Merkle Institute University of Fribourg Chemin des Verdiers 4 Fribourg 1700 Switzerland
| | - Dedy Septiadi
- Adolphe Merkle Institute University of Fribourg Chemin des Verdiers 4 Fribourg 1700 Switzerland
| | | | - Mauro Almeida
- Adolphe Merkle Institute University of Fribourg Chemin des Verdiers 4 Fribourg 1700 Switzerland
| | - Laetitia Haeni
- Adolphe Merkle Institute University of Fribourg Chemin des Verdiers 4 Fribourg 1700 Switzerland
| | - Miguel Spuch‐Calvar
- Adolphe Merkle Institute University of Fribourg Chemin des Verdiers 4 Fribourg 1700 Switzerland
| | - Wildan Abdussalam
- Department of High Energy Density Helmholtz‐Zentrum Dresden‐Rossendorf Bautzner Landstraße 400 Dresden 01328 Germany
| | | | - Alke Petri‐Fink
- Adolphe Merkle Institute University of Fribourg Chemin des Verdiers 4 Fribourg 1700 Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry University of Fribourg Chemin du Musée 9 Fribourg 1700 Switzerland
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12
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Kumari M, Prasad S, Fruk L, Parshad B. Polyglycerol-based hydrogels and nanogels: from synthesis to applications. Future Med Chem 2021; 13:419-438. [PMID: 33403867 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2020-0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels and nanogels have emerged as promising materials for biomedical applications owing to their large surface area and tunable mechanical and chemical properties. Their large surface area is well suited for bioconjugation, whilst the interior porous network can be utilized for the transport of valuable biomolecules. The use of biocompatible hydrophilic building blocks/linkers for the preparation of hydrogels and nanogels not only avoids undesired side effects within the biological system, but also retains high water content, thereby creating an environment which is very similar to extracellular matrix. Their tunable multivalency and hydrophilicity and excellent biocompatibility, together with ease of functionalization, makes polyglycerol macromonomers well suited for synthesizing cross-linked networks that can be used as extracellular matrix mimics. Here we provide an overview of the synthesis of polyglycerol-based hydrogels and nanogels for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Government College for Women, Badhra, Ch. Dadri, Haryana 127308, India
| | - Suchita Prasad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Ljiljana Fruk
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Badri Parshad
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
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13
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Xia Y, Tang D, Zeng Z, Wang X, Wang S. Cell Adhesion and Migration Behaviors on Patterned Thermoresponsive Microgel Stripes. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:8551-8558. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongqing Xia
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Dachao Tang
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Zhujun Zeng
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Shengjie Wang
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
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14
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Kim H, Witt H, Oswald TA, Tarantola M. Adhesion of Epithelial Cells to PNIPAm Treated Surfaces for Temperature-Controlled Cell-Sheet Harvesting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:33516-33529. [PMID: 32631046 PMCID: PMC7467562 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli responsive polymer coatings are a common motive for designing surfaces for cell biological applications. In the present study, we have characterized temperature dependent adhesive properties of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) microgel coated surfaces (PMS) using various atomic force microscopy based approaches. We imaged and quantified the material properties of PMS upon a temperature switch using quantitative AFM imaging but also employed single-cell force spectroscopy (SCFS) before and after decreasing the temperature to assess the forces and work of initial adhesion between cells and PMS. We performed a detailed analysis of steps in the force-distance curves. Finally, we applied colloid probe atomic force microscopy (CP-AFM) to analyze the adhesive properties of two major components of the extracellular matrix to PMS under temperature control, namely collagen I and fibronectin. In combination with confocal imaging, we could show that these two ECM components differ in their detachment properties from PNIPAm microgel films upon cell harvesting, and thus gained a deeper understanding of cell-sheet maturation and harvesting process and the involved partial ECM dissolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejeong Kim
- Max Planck Institute
for Dynamics and Self Organization (MPIDS), Am Fassberg 17, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hannes Witt
- Max Planck Institute
for Dynamics and Self Organization (MPIDS), Am Fassberg 17, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tabea A. Oswald
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marco Tarantola
- Max Planck Institute
for Dynamics and Self Organization (MPIDS), Am Fassberg 17, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Dynamics of Complex Systems, University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund Platz 1, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
- E-mail: . Phone: +49-551-5176-316
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15
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Tang D, Zeng Z, Xia Y, Chen B, Gao S, Cao M, Wang S, Li D. The effects of thermoresponsive microgel density on cell adhesion, proliferation, and detachment. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dachao Tang
- Center for Bioengineering and BiotechnologyChina University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266580 China
| | - Zhujun Zeng
- Center for Bioengineering and BiotechnologyChina University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266580 China
| | - Yongqing Xia
- Center for Bioengineering and BiotechnologyChina University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266580 China
| | - Binghe Chen
- Center for Bioengineering and BiotechnologyChina University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266580 China
| | - Shuai Gao
- Center for Bioengineering and BiotechnologyChina University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266580 China
| | - Meiwen Cao
- Center for Bioengineering and BiotechnologyChina University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266580 China
| | - Shengjie Wang
- Center for Bioengineering and BiotechnologyChina University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266580 China
| | - Dongxiang Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical AnalysisCollege of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
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16
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Graphene Oxide Nanosheet-Composited Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Hydrogel for Cell Sheet Recovery. Macromol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-019-7099-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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17
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Vasudevan SA, Rauh A, Kröger M, Karg M, Isa L. Dynamics and Wetting Behavior of Core-Shell Soft Particles at a Fluid-Fluid Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:15370-15382. [PMID: 30444370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the conformation, position, and dynamics of core-shell nanoparticles (CSNPs) composed of a silica core encapsulated in a cross-linked poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) shell at a water-oil interface for a systematic range of core sizes and shell thicknesses. We first present a free-energy model that we use to predict the CSNP wetting behavior at the interface as a function of its geometrical and compositional properties in the bulk phases, which is in good agreement with our experimental data. Remarkably, based on the knowledge of the polymer shell deformability, the equilibrium particle position relative to the interface plane, an often elusive experimental quantity, can be extracted by measuring its radial dimensions after adsorption. For all the systems studied here, the interfacial dimensions are always larger than in bulk and the particle core resides in a configuration, wherein it just touches the interface or is fully immersed in water. Moreover, the stretched shell induces a larger viscous drag at the interface, which appears to depend solely on the interfacial dimensions, irrespective of the portion of the CSNP surface exposed to the two fluids. Our findings indicate that tailoring the architecture of CSNPs can be used to control their properties at the interface, as of interest for applications including emulsion stabilization and nanopatterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddarth A Vasudevan
- Laboratory for Interfaces, Soft Matter and Assembly, Department of Materials , ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Astrid Rauh
- Physical Chemistry I , University of Bayreuth , Universitätsstr. 30 , 95440 Bayreuth , Germany
- Physical Chemistry I , Heinrich-Heine-University , Universitätsstr. 1 , 40204 Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Martin Kröger
- Polymer Physics, Department of Materials , ETH Zürich , Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Matthias Karg
- Physical Chemistry I , Heinrich-Heine-University , Universitätsstr. 1 , 40204 Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Lucio Isa
- Laboratory for Interfaces, Soft Matter and Assembly, Department of Materials , ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
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18
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Wang J, Cooper RC, He H, Li B, Yang H. Polyamidoamine Dendrimer Microgels: Hierarchical Arrangement of Dendrimers into Micrometer Domains with Expanded Structural Features for Programmable Drug Delivery and Release. Macromolecules 2018; 51:6111-6118. [PMID: 30705466 PMCID: PMC6348485 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report on the fabrication of micron-sized dendrimer hydrogels (μDHs) using the water-in-oil (w/o) inverse microemulsion method coupled with the highly efficient aza-Michael addition. EDA core polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer G5 (10 w%) and polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEG-DA, M n = 575 g/mol) (the molar ratio of amine/acrylate = 1/1) were dissolved in the water phase and added to hexane in the presence of surfactants span 80/tween 80 (5/1, w/w) (volume ratio of hexane to surfactants: 70:1) to form w/o microemulsions, in which PAMAM G5 cross-links with PEG-DA via the aza-Michael addition reaction. The resulting microgels are within 3-5 μm with relatively narrow size distribution. μDHs are pH-responsive degradable. They show good cytocompatibility and do not cause acute toxicity in vivo. Furthermore, they can realize a high loading of the hydrophobic drug CPT and enter the cells in the form of particles. The CPT and CPT/dendrimer complex can be slowly released following the zero-order release kinetics. Taken together, μDHs possessing hierarchically ordered dendrimers in micron domains represent a new class of microparticles with expanded structural features for programmable drug delivery and release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering,
Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Remy C Cooper
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth
University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Hongliang He
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering,
Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Boxuan Li
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering,
Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Hu Yang
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering,
Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth
University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University,
Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
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19
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Mackiewicz M, Marcisz K, Strawski M, Romanski J, Stojek Z, Karbarz M. Modification of gold electrode with a monolayer of self-assembled microgels. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.02.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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20
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AKIYAMA Y, OKANO T. Temperature-Responsive Cell Culture Surface for Cell-Sheet Tissue Engineering and Its Design to Express Temperature-Dependent Cell Attachment/Detachment Character. KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 2018. [DOI: 10.1295/koron.2017-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikatsu AKIYAMA
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women’s Medical University
| | - Teruo OKANO
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women’s Medical University
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21
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Xia Y, Tang Y, Wu H, Zhang J, Li Z, Pan F, Wang S, Wang X, Xu H, Lu JR. Fabrication of Patterned Thermoresponsive Microgel Strips on Cell-Adherent Background and Their Application for Cell Sheet Recovery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:1255-1262. [PMID: 27991750 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Interfaces between materials and cells play a critical role in cell biomedical applications. Here, a simple, robust, and cost-effective method is developed to fabricate patterned thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-styrene) microgel strips on a polyethyleneimine-precoated, non-thermoresponsive cell-adherent glass coverslip. The aim is to investigate whether cell sheets could be harvested from these cell-adherent surfaces patterned with thermoresponsive strips comprised of the microgels. We hypothesize that if the cell-to-cell interaction is strong enough to retain the whole cell sheet from disintegration, the cell segments growing on the thermoresponsive strips may drag the cell segments growing on the cell-adherent gaps to detach, ending with a whole freestanding and transferable cell sheet. Critical value concerning the width of the thermoresponsive strip and its ratio to the non-thermoresponsive gap may exist for cell sheet recovery from this type of surface pattern. To obtain this critical value, a series of strip patterns with various widths of thermoresponsive strip and non-thermoresponsive gap were prepared using negative microcontact printing technology, with COS7 fibroblast cells being used to test the growth and detachment. The results unraveled that COS7 cells preferentially attached and proliferated on the cell-adherent, non-thermoresponsive gaps to form patterned cell layers and that they subsequently proliferated to cover the microgel strips to form a confluent cell layer. Intact COS7 cell sheets could be recovered when the width of the thermoresponsive strip is no smaller than that of the non-thermoresponsive gap. Other cells such as HeLa, NIH3T3, 293E, and L929 could grow similarly; that is, they showed initial preference to the non-thermoresponsive gaps and then migrated to cover the entire patterned surface. However, it was difficult to detach them as cell sheets due to the weak interactions within the cell layers formed. In contrast, when COS7 and HeLa cells were cultured successively, they formed the cocultured cell layer that could be detached together. These freestanding patterned cell sheets could lead to the development of more elaborate tumor models for drug targeting and interrogation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China) , Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Ying Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China) , Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Han Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China) , Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Biological Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester , Schuster Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Zongyi Li
- Biological Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester , Schuster Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Fang Pan
- Biological Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester , Schuster Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Shengjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China) , Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China) , Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Hai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China) , Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Jian Ren Lu
- Biological Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester , Schuster Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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22
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Soma D, Jin RH. Sub-5 μm balls possessing forest-like poly(methyloxazoline)/polyethyleneimine side chains and templated silica microballs with unusual internal structures. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05329k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, sub-5 μm microballs, with unusual forest-like structures consisting of a polystyrene network and forest-like poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (PMOZ) and/or linear polyethyleneimine (LPEI) side chains, were synthesized by combining two isolated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Soma
- Department of Material and Life Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering
- Kanagawa University
- Yokohama 221-8686
- Japan
| | - Ren-Hua Jin
- Department of Material and Life Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering
- Kanagawa University
- Yokohama 221-8686
- Japan
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23
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Scheidegger L, Fernández-Rodríguez MÁ, Geisel K, Zanini M, Elnathan R, Richtering W, Isa L. Compression and deposition of microgel monolayers from fluid interfaces: particle size effects on interface microstructure and nanolithography. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:8671-8680. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07896f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Controlling the microstructure of monolayers of microgels confined at a water/oil interface is the key to their successful application as nanolithography masks after deposition on a solid substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Scheidegger
- Laboratory for Interfaces
- Soft Matter and Assembly
- Department of Materials
- ETH Zurich
- 8093 Zurich
| | | | - Karen Geisel
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Michele Zanini
- Laboratory for Interfaces
- Soft Matter and Assembly
- Department of Materials
- ETH Zurich
- 8093 Zurich
| | - Roey Elnathan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology
- Future Industries Institute
- University of South Australia
- Mawson Lakes
- Australia
| | - Walter Richtering
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Lucio Isa
- Laboratory for Interfaces
- Soft Matter and Assembly
- Department of Materials
- ETH Zurich
- 8093 Zurich
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24
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Virtanen OLJ, Purohit A, Brugnoni M, Wöll D, Richtering W. Controlled Synthesis and Fluorescence Tracking of Highly Uniform Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Microgels. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27685461 DOI: 10.3791/54419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimuli-sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgels have various prospective practical applications and uses in fundamental research. In this work, we use single particle tracking of fluorescently labeled PNIPAM microgels as a showcase for tuning microgel size by a rapid non-stirred precipitation polymerization procedure. This approach is well suited for prototyping new reaction compositions and conditions or for applications that do not require large amounts of product. Microgel synthesis, particle size and structure determination by dynamic and static light scattering are detailed in the protocol. It is shown that the addition of functional comonomers can have a large influence on the particle nucleation and structure. Single particle tracking by wide-field fluorescence microscopy allows for an investigation of the diffusion of labeled tracer microgels in a concentrated matrix of non-labeled microgels, a system not easily investigated by other methods such as dynamic light scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dominik Wöll
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University
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25
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Virtanen OLJ, Mourran A, Pinard PT, Richtering W. Persulfate initiated ultra-low cross-linked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) microgels possess an unusual inverted cross-linking structure. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:3919-28. [PMID: 27033731 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm00140h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cross-linking density and distribution are decisive for the mechanical and other properties of stimuli-sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) microgels. Here we investigate the structure of ultra-low cross-linked microgels by static light scattering and scanning force microscopy, and show that they have an inverted cross-linking structure with respect to conventional microgels, contrary to what has been assumed previously. The conventional microgels have the largest polymer volume fraction in the core from where the particle density decays radially outwards, whereas ultra-low cross-linked particles have the highest polymer volume fraction close to the surface. On a solid substrate these particles form buckled shapes at high surface coverage, as shown by scanning force micrographs. The special structure of ultra-low cross-linked microgels is attributed to cross-linking of the particle surface, which is exposed to hydrogen abstraction by radicals generated from persulfate initiators during and after polymerization. The particle core, which is less accessible to the diffusion of radicals, has consequently a lower polymer volume fraction in the swollen state. By systematic variation of the cross-linker concentration it is shown that the cross-linking contribution from peroxide under typical synthesis conditions is weaker than that from the use of 1 mol% N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide. Soft deformable hydrogel particles are of interest because they emulate biological tissues, and understanding the underlying synthesis principle enables tailoring the microgel structure for biomimetic applications. Deformability of microgels is usually controlled by the amount of added cross-linker; here we however highlight an alternative approach through structural softness.
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Affiliation(s)
- O L J Virtanen
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52064 Aachen, Germany.
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26
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Rey M, Fernández-Rodríguez MÁ, Steinacher M, Scheidegger L, Geisel K, Richtering W, Squires TM, Isa L. Isostructural solid-solid phase transition in monolayers of soft core-shell particles at fluid interfaces: structure and mechanics. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:3545-57. [PMID: 26948023 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm03062e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the complete two-dimensional phase diagram of a core-shell microgel-laden fluid interface by synchronizing its compression with the deposition of the interfacial monolayer. Applying a new protocol, different positions on the substrate correspond to different values of the monolayer surface pressure and specific area. Analyzing the microstructure of the deposited monolayers, we discovered an isostructural solid-solid phase transition between two crystalline phases with the same hexagonal symmetry, but with two different lattice constants. The two phases corresponded to shell-shell and core-core inter-particle contacts, respectively; with increasing surface pressure the former mechanically failed enabling the particle cores to come into contact. In the phase-transition region, clusters of particles in core-core contacts nucleate, melting the surrounding shell-shell crystal, until the whole monolayer moves into the second phase. We furthermore measured the interfacial rheology of the monolayers as a function of the surface pressure using an interfacial microdisk rheometer. The interfaces always showed a strong elastic response, with a dip in the shear elastic modulus in correspondence with the melting of the shell-shell phase, followed by a steep increase upon the formation of a percolating network of the core-core contacts. These results demonstrate that the core-shell nature of the particles leads to a rich mechanical and structural behavior that can be externally tuned by compressing the interface, indicating new routes for applications, e.g. in surface patterning or emulsion stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Rey
- Laboratory for Interfaces, Soft Matter and Assembly, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Miguel Ángel Fernández-Rodríguez
- Laboratory for Interfaces, Soft Matter and Assembly, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland. and Biocolloid and Fluid Physics Group, Applied Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Mathias Steinacher
- Laboratory for Interfaces, Soft Matter and Assembly, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland. and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5080, USA
| | - Laura Scheidegger
- Laboratory for Interfaces, Soft Matter and Assembly, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Karen Geisel
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Walter Richtering
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Todd M Squires
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5080, USA
| | - Lucio Isa
- Laboratory for Interfaces, Soft Matter and Assembly, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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27
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Xia Y, Tang Y, He X, Pan F, Li Z, Xu H, Lu JR. Patterned Thermoresponsive Microgel Surfaces to Control Cell Detachment. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:572-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongqing Xia
- Centre
for Bioengineering and Biotechnology and the State Key Laboratory
of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Centre
for Bioengineering and Biotechnology and the State Key Laboratory
of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Xinlong He
- Centre
for Bioengineering and Biotechnology and the State Key Laboratory
of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Fang Pan
- Biological
Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Schuster Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Zonyi Li
- Biological
Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Schuster Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Hai Xu
- Centre
for Bioengineering and Biotechnology and the State Key Laboratory
of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Jian Ren Lu
- Biological
Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Schuster Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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28
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Virtanen OLJ, Brugnoni M, Kather M, Pich A, Richtering W. The next step in precipitation polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide: particle number density control by monochain globule surface charge modulation. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01195k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Many applications of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) microgels necessitate robust control over particle size.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. L. J. Virtanen
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52064 Aachen
- Germany, EU
| | - M. Brugnoni
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52064 Aachen
- Germany, EU
| | - M. Kather
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany, EU
| | - A. Pich
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany, EU
| | - W. Richtering
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52064 Aachen
- Germany, EU
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29
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Chen M, Cui Z, Edmondson S, Hodson N, Zhou M, Yan J, O'Brien P, Saunders BR. Photoactive composite films prepared from mixtures of polystyrene microgel dispersions and poly(3-hexylthiophene) solutions. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:8322-8332. [PMID: 26347070 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01618e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Whilst polystyrene microgels belong to the oldest family of microgel particles, their behaviours when deposited onto substrates or prepared as composites have received little attention. Because polystyrene microgels are solvent-swellable, and inherently colloidally stable, they are well suited to form composites with conjugated polymers. Here, we investigate the morphology and light absorption properties of spin coated composite films prepared from mixed dispersions of polystyrene microgels and poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) for the first time. We compare the morphologies of the composite films to spin coated microgel films. The films were studied using optical microscopy, SEM, AFM, wide-angle X-ray diffraction and UV-visible spectroscopy. The films contained flattened microgel particles with an aspect ratio of ∼10. Microgel islands containing hexagonally close packed particles were evident for both the pure microgel and microgel/P3HT composite films. The latter were electrically conducting. The composite film morphology was dependent on the microgel and P3HT concentration used for film preparation and a morphology phase diagram was constructed. The P3HT phase acted as an electrically conducting cement and increased the robustness of the films to solvent washing. The composite films were photoactive due to the P3HT component. The absorbance for the films was tuneable and increased linearly with both microgel and P3HT concentration. The results of the study should apply to other organic swellable microgel/conjugated polymer combinations and may lead to new colloidal composites for future optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Chen
- Polymers Composites and Carbon Research Group, School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Grosvenor Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Zhengxing Cui
- Polymers Composites and Carbon Research Group, School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Grosvenor Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Steve Edmondson
- Polymers Composites and Carbon Research Group, School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Grosvenor Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Nigel Hodson
- BioAFM Facility, Stopford Building, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Mi Zhou
- Centre for Tissue Injury and Repair, Institute for Inflammation and Repair, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Junfeng Yan
- Polymers Composites and Carbon Research Group, School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Grosvenor Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Paul O'Brien
- Polymers Composites and Carbon Research Group, School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Grosvenor Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK. and School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Brian R Saunders
- Polymers Composites and Carbon Research Group, School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Grosvenor Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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30
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Nie C, Ma L, Cheng C, Deng J, Zhao C. Nanofibrous heparin and heparin-mimicking multilayers as highly effective endothelialization and antithrombogenic coatings. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:992-1001. [PMID: 25668587 DOI: 10.1021/bm501882b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Combining the advantages of the fibrous nanostructure of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and the bioactivities of heparin/heparin-mimicking polyanions, functional nanofibrous heparin or heparin-mimicking multilayers were constructed on PVDF membrane with highly promoted endothelialization and antithrombogenic activities. Oxidized CNT (oCNT) was first functionalized with water-soluble chitosan (polycation), then enwrapped with heparin or a typical sulfonated heparin-mimicking polymers (poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate-co-sodium methacrylate)) to construct the multilayers. Then, the surface-deposited multilayers were constructed via electrostatic layer-by-layer assembly of the functionalized oCNTs. The scanning electron microscope and atom force microscope images confirmed that the coated multilayers exhibited nanofibrous and porous structure. The live/dead cell staining and cell viability assay results indicated that the coated nanofibrous multilayers had excellent compatibility with endothelial cells. The cell morphology observation further confirmed the promotion ability of surface endothelialization due to the coated heparin/heparin-mimicking multilayers. Further systematical evaluation on blood compatibility revealed that the surface heparin/heparin-mimicking multilayer-coated membranes also had significantly improved blood compatibility including restrained platelet adhesion and activation, prolonged blood clotting times, and inhibited activation of coagulation and complement factors. In summary, the proposed nanofibrous multilayers integrated endothelialization and antithrombogenic properties; meanwhile, the heparin-mimicking coating validated comparable performances as heparin coating. Herein, it is expected that the surface coating of nanofibrous multilayers, especially the facilely constructed heparin-mimicking coating, may have great application potential in biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxiong Nie
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University , No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
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31
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Zhang X, Malhotra S, Molina M, Haag R. Micro- and nanogels with labile crosslinks – from synthesis to biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:1948-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00341a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We emphasize the synthetic strategies to produce micro-/nanogels and the importance of degradable linkers incorporated in the gel network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Zhang
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Freie Universität Berlin
- Berlin 14195
- Germany
| | - Shashwat Malhotra
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Freie Universität Berlin
- Berlin 14195
- Germany
| | - Maria Molina
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Freie Universität Berlin
- Berlin 14195
- Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Freie Universität Berlin
- Berlin 14195
- Germany
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32
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Xia Y, He X, Cao M, Wang X, Sun Y, He H, Xu H, Lu JR. Self-Assembled Two-Dimensional Thermoresponsive Microgel Arrays for Cell Growth/Detachment Control. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:4021-31. [DOI: 10.1021/bm501069w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongqing Xia
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering
and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - Xinlong He
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering
and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - Meiwen Cao
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering
and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering
and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - Yawei Sun
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering
and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - Hua He
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering
and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - Hai Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering
and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - Jian Ren Lu
- Biological
Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Schuster Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
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33
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Geisel K, Richtering W, Isa L. Highly ordered 2D microgel arrays: compression versus self-assembly. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:7968-76. [PMID: 25154634 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm01166j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Monolayers of micro- and nanoparticles at fluid interfaces are a key component in a variety of applications, ranging from particle lithography to stabilizers in foams or emulsions. In addition to commonly used "hard" colloids, soft polymeric particles like microgels are attracting increasing attention due to their potential in the fabrication of tailored and responsive assemblies. In particular, regular hexagonal arrays of microgels have been previously deposited after assembly at a fluid interface. While the arrangement cannot be easily controlled after adsorption and self-assembly from the bulk phase, specific structures can be achieved by compressing an interfacial microgel monolayer spread in a Langmuir trough and by transferring it onto substrates at distinct compression states. The degree of ordering after compression surpasses the one that is reached after self-assembly from the bulk and is, in general, independent from the presence of charges and different microgel morphologies. As a consequence, by monitoring the surface pressure during compression it is possible to produce highly ordered microgel arrays where the interparticle distance can be systematically and externally controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Geisel
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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34
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Jiao A, Trosper NE, Yang HS, Kim J, Tsui JH, Frankel SD, Murry CE, Kim DH. Thermoresponsive nanofabricated substratum for the engineering of three-dimensional tissues with layer-by-layer architectural control. ACS NANO 2014; 8:4430-9. [PMID: 24628277 PMCID: PMC4046788 DOI: 10.1021/nn4063962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Current tissue engineering methods lack the ability to properly recreate scaffold-free, cell-dense tissues with physiological structures. Recent studies have shown that the use of nanoscale cues allows for precise control over large-area 2D tissue structures without restricting cell growth or cell density. In this study, we developed a simple and versatile platform combining a thermoresponsive nanofabricated substratum (TNFS) incorporating nanotopographical cues and the gel casting method for the fabrication of scaffold-free 3D tissues. Our TNFS allows for the structural control of aligned cell monolayers which can be spontaneously detached via a change in culture temperature. Utilizing our gel casting method, viable, aligned cell sheets can be transferred without loss of anisotropy or stacked with control over individual layer orientations. Transferred cell sheets and individual cell layers within multilayered tissues robustly retain structural anisotropy, allowing for the fabrication of scaffold-free, 3D tissues with hierarchical control of overall tissue structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Jiao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Nicole E. Trosper
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Hee Seok Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsung Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jonathan H. Tsui
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Samuel D. Frankel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Charles E. Murry
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
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35
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Xia Y, Cheng C, Wang R, Qin H, Zhang Y, Ma L, Tan H, Gu Z, Zhao C. Surface-engineered nanogel assemblies with integrated blood compatibility, cell proliferation and antibacterial property: towards multifunctional biomedical membranes. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00870g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the fabrication of multifunctional nanolayers on biomedical membrane surfaces by using LBL self-assembly of nanogels and heparin-like polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xia
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Chong Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hui Qin
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Lang Ma
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hong Tan
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Changsheng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
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