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Kakati N, Ahari D, Parmar PR, Deshmukh OS, Bandyopadhyay D. Lactic Acid-Induced Colloidal Microrheology of Synovial Fluids. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:3378-3386. [PMID: 38517700 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
The presence of colloidal scaffolds composed of proteins and hyaluronic acid engenders unique viscous and elastic properties to the synovial fluid (SF). While the elastic resistance of SF due to the presence of such nanoscale structures provides the load-bearing capacity, the viscous nature enables fluidity of the joints during the movements to minimize the wear and tear of the adjacent muscle, cartilage, or bone tissues. It is well-known that the hypoxic conditions at the bone joints often increase the lactic acid (LA) concentration due to the occurrence of excess anaerobic respiration during either hyperactivity or arthritic conditions. The present study uncovers that in such a scenario, beyond a critical loading of LA, the colloidal nanoscaffolds of SF break down to precipitate higher molecular weight (MW) proteins and hyaluronic acid (HA). Subsequently, the viscosity and elasticity of SF reduce drastically to manifest a fluid that has reduced load bearing and wear and tear resistance capacity. Interestingly, the study also suggests that a heathy SF is a viscoelastic fluid with a mild Hookean elasticity and non-Newtonian fluidity, which eventually transforms into a viscous watery liquid in the presence of a higher loading of LA. We employ this knowledge to biosynthesize an artificial SF that emulates the characteristics of the real one. Remarkably, the spatiotemporal microscopic images uncover that even for the artificial SF, a dynamic cross-linking of the high MW proteins and HA takes place before precipitating out of the same from the artificial SF matrix, emulating the real one. Control experiments suggest that this phenomenon is absent in the case when LA is mixed with either pure HA or proteins. The experiments unfold the specific role of LA in the destruction of colloidal nanoscaffolds of synovia, which is an extremely important requirement for the biosynthesis and translation of artificial synovial fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayanjyoti Kakati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Dileep Ahari
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Prathu Raja Parmar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Omkar Suresh Deshmukh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Dipankar Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
- Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
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2
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Mayorova OA, Saveleva MS, Bratashov DN, Prikhozhdenko ES. Combination of Machine Learning and Raman Spectroscopy for Determination of the Complex of Whey Protein Isolate with Hyaluronic Acid. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:666. [PMID: 38475349 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Macromolecules and their complexes remain interesting topics in various fields, such as targeted drug delivery and tissue regeneration. The complex chemical structure of such substances can be studied with a combination of Raman spectroscopy and machine learning. The complex of whey protein isolate (WPI) and hyaluronic acid (HA) is beneficial in terms of drug delivery. It provides HA properties with the stability obtained from WPI. However, differences between WPI-HA and WPI solutions can be difficult to detect by Raman spectroscopy. Especially when the low HA (0.1, 0.25, 0.5% w/v) and the constant WPI (5% w/v) concentrations are used. Before applying the machine learning techniques, all the collected data were divided into training and test sets in a ratio of 3:1. The performances of two ensemble methods, random forest (RF) and gradient boosting (GB), were evaluated on the Raman data, depending on the type of problem (regression or classification). The impact of noise reduction using principal component analysis (PCA) on the performance of the two machine learning methods was assessed. This procedure allowed us to reduce the number of features while retaining 95% of the explained variance in the data. Another application of these machine learning methods was to identify the WPI Raman bands that changed the most with the addition of HA. Both the RF and GB could provide feature importance data that could be plotted in conjunction with the actual Raman spectra of the samples. The results show that the addition of HA to WPI led to changes mainly around 1003 cm-1 (correspond to ring breath of phenylalanine) and 1400 cm-1, as demonstrated by the regression and classification models. For selected Raman bands, where the feature importance was greater than 1%, a direct evaluation of the effect of the amount of HA on the Raman intensities was performed but was found not to be informative. Thus, applying the RF or GB estimators to the Raman data with feature importance evaluation could detect and highlight small differences in the spectra of substances that arose from changes in the chemical structure; using PCA to filter out noise in the Raman data could improve the performance of both the RF and GB. The demonstrated results will make it possible to analyze changes in chemical bonds during various processes, for example, conjugation, to study complex mixtures of substances, even with small additions of the components of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana A Mayorova
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Str., 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Mariia S Saveleva
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Str., 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Daniil N Bratashov
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Str., 410012 Saratov, Russia
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3
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Marin A, Kethanapalli SH, Andrianov AK. Immunopotentiating Polyphosphazene Delivery Systems: Supramolecular Self-Assembly and Stability in the Presence of Plasma Proteins. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:791-800. [PMID: 38206583 PMCID: PMC11164237 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Studies on the biological performance of nanomedicines have been increasingly focused on the paradigm shifting role of the protein corona, which is imminently formed once the formulation is placed in a complex physiological environment. This phenomenon is predominantly studied in the context of protein adsorption science, while such interactions for water-soluble systems remain virtually unexplored. In particular, the importance of plasma protein binding is yet to be understood for pharmaceuticals designed on the basis of supramolecular architectures, which generally lack well-defined surfaces. Water-soluble ionic polyphosphazenes, clinically proven immunoadjuvants and vaccine delivery vehicles, represent an example of a system that requires supramolecular coassembly with antigenic proteins to attain an optimal immunopotentiating effect. Herein, the self-assembly behavior and stability of noncovalently bound complexes on the basis of a model antigen─hen egg lysozyme─and polyphosphazene adjuvant are studied in the presence of plasma proteins utilizing isothermal calorimetry, asymmetric flow field flow fractionation, dynamic light scattering, and size exclusion chromatography methods. The results demonstrate that although plasma proteins, such as human serum albumin (HSA), show detectable avidity to polyphosphazene, the strength of such interactions is significantly lower than that for the model antigen. Furthermore, thermodynamic parameters indicate different models of binding: entropy driven, which is consistent with the counterion release mechanism for albumin versus electrostatic interactions for lysozyme, which are characterized by beneficial enthalpy changes. In vitro protein release experiments conducted in Franz diffusion cells using enzyme-linked immunoassay detection suggest that the antigen-adjuvant complex stability is not adversely affected by the presence of the most physiologically abundant protein, which confirms the importance of the delivery modality for this immunoadjuvant. Moreover, HSA shows an unexpected stabilizing effect on complexes with high antigen load─an important consideration for further development of polyphosphazene adjuvanted vaccine formulations and their functional assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Marin
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Sri H. Kethanapalli
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Alexander K. Andrianov
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
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4
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Zhou J, Wan Y, Cohen Stuart MA, Wang M, Wang J. Effects of Control Factors on Protein-Polyelectrolyte Complex Coacervation. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:5759-5768. [PMID: 37955264 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Protein-polyelectrolyte complex coacervation is of particular interest for mimicking intracellular phase separation and organization. Yet, the challenge arises from regulating the coacervation due to the globular structure and anisotropic distributed charges of protein. Herein, we fully investigate the different control factors and reveal their effects on protein-polyelectrolyte coacervation. We prepared mixtures of BSA (bovine serum albumin) with different cationic polymers, which include linear and branched polyelectrolytes covering different spacer and charge groups, chain lengths, and polymer structures. With BSA-PDMAEMA [poly(N,N-dimethylaminomethyl methacrylate)] as the main investigated pair, we find that the moderate pH and ionic strength are essential for the adequate electrostatic interaction and formation of coacervate droplets. For most BSA-polymer mixtures, excess polyelectrolytes are required to achieve the full complexation, as evidenced by the deviated optimal charge mixing ratios from the charge stoichiometry. Polymers with longer chains or primary amine groups and a branched structure endow a strong electrostatic interaction with BSA and cause a bigger charge ratio deviation associated with the formation of solid-like coacervate complexes. Nevertheless, both the liquid- and solid-like coacervates hardly interrupt the BSA structure and activity, indicating the safe encapsulation of proteins by the coacervation with polyelectrolytes. Our study validates the crucial control of the diverse factors in regulating protein-polyelectrolyte coacervation, and the revealed principles shall be instructive for establishing other protein-based coacervations and boosting their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhou
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Wan
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Martien A Cohen Stuart
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingwei Wang
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyou Wang
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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5
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Zhou J, Cai Y, Wan Y, Wu B, Liu J, Zhang X, Hu W, Cohen Stuart MA, Wang J. Protein separation by sequential selective complex coacervation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 650:2065-2074. [PMID: 37355354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.06.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
In food manufacturing and particular biomedical products selected proteins are often required. Obtaining the desired proteins in a pure form from natural resources is therefore important, but often very challenging. Herein, we design a sequential coacervation process that allows to efficiently isolate and purify proteins with different isoelectric points (pIs) from a mixed solution, namely Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA, pI = 4.9) and Peroxidase from Horseradish (HRP, pI = 7.2). The key to separation is introducing a suitable polyelectrolyte that causes selective complex coacervation at appropriate pH and ionic strength. Specifically, polyethyleneimine (PEI), when added into the mixture at pH 6.0, produces a coacervation which exclusively contains BSA, leading to a supernatant solution containing 100 % HRP with a purity of 91 %. After separating the dilute and dense phases, BSA is recovered by adding poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) to the concentrated phase, which displaces BSA from the complex because it interacts more strongly with PEI. The supernatant phase after this step contains approximately 75 % of the initial amount of BSA with a purity of 99 %. Our results confirm that coacervation under well-defined conditions can be selective, enabling separation of proteins with adequate purity. Therefore, the established approach demonstrates a facile and sustainable strategy with potential for protein separation at industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhou
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Cai
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Wan
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bohang Wu
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinbo Liu
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Hu
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Diseases, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China.
| | - Martien A Cohen Stuart
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyou Wang
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237 Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Silant'ev VE, Shmelev ME, Belousov AS, Patlay AA, Shatilov RA, Farniev VM, Kumeiko VV. How to Develop Drug Delivery System Based on Carbohydrate Nanoparticles Targeted to Brain Tumors. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15112516. [PMID: 37299315 DOI: 10.3390/polym15112516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors are the most difficult to treat, not only because of the variety of their forms and the small number of effective chemotherapeutic agents capable of suppressing tumor cells, but also limited by poor drug transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Nanoparticles are promising drug delivery solutions promoted by the expansion of nanotechnology, emerging in the creation and practical use of materials in the range from 1 to 500 nm. Carbohydrate-based nanoparticles is a unique platform for active molecular transport and targeted drug delivery, providing biocompatibility, biodegradability, and a reduction in toxic side effects. However, the design and fabrication of biopolymer colloidal nanomaterials have been and remain highly challenging to date. Our review is devoted to the description of carbohydrate nanoparticle synthesis and modification, with a brief overview of the biological and promising clinical outcomes. We also expect this manuscript to highlight the great potential of carbohydrate nanocarriers for drug delivery and targeted treatment of gliomas of various grades and glioblastomas, as the most aggressive of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir E Silant'ev
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
- Laboratory of Electrochemical Processes, Institute of Chemistry, FEB RAS, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Mikhail E Shmelev
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Andrei S Belousov
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Aleksandra A Patlay
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Roman A Shatilov
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Vladislav M Farniev
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Vadim V Kumeiko
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, FEB RAS, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
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7
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Melnikova D, Khisravashirova C, Smotrina T, Skirda V. Interaction of Hyaluronan Acid with Some Proteins in Aqueous Solution as Studied by NMR. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:436. [PMID: 37103863 PMCID: PMC10141478 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13040436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
According to actual literature data, hyaluronic acid (HA) that is presented in the extracellular matrix can interact with proteins and thereby affect several important functions of the cell membrane. The purpose of this work was to reveal the features of the interaction of HA with proteins using the PFG NMR method by sampling two systems: aqueous solutions of HA with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and aqueous solutions of HA with hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL). It was found that the presence of BSA in the HA aqueous solution initiates a certain additional mechanism; as a result, the population of HA molecules in the gel structure increases to almost 100%. At the same time, for an aqueous solution of HA/HEWL, even in the range of low (0.01-0.2%) HEWL contents, strong signs of degradation (depolymerization) of some HA macromolecules were observed such that they lost the ability to form a gel. Moreover, lysozyme molecules form a strong complex with degraded HA molecules and lose their enzymatic function. Thus, the presence of HA molecules in the intercellular matrix, as well as in the state associated with the surface of the cell membrane, can, in addition to the known ones, perform one more important function: the function of protecting the cell membrane from the destructive action of lysozymes. The obtained results are important for understanding the mechanism and features of the interaction of extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycan with cell membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Melnikova
- Department of Molecular Physics, Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420011, Russia
| | - Catherine Khisravashirova
- Department of Molecular Physics, Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420011, Russia
| | - Tatiana Smotrina
- Department of Chemistry, Mari State University, Yoshkar-Ola 424002, Russia
| | - Vladimir Skirda
- Department of Molecular Physics, Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420011, Russia
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Marin A, Taraban MB, Patel V, Yu YB, Andrianov AK. Supramolecular Protein-Polyelectrolyte Assembly at Near Physiological Conditions-Water Proton NMR, ITC, and DLS Study. Molecules 2022; 27:7424. [PMID: 36364250 PMCID: PMC9656440 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The in vivo potency of polyphosphazene immunoadjuvants is inherently linked to the ability of these ionic macromolecules to assemble with antigenic proteins in aqueous solutions and form physiologically stable supramolecular complexes. Therefore, in-depth knowledge of interactions in this biologically relevant system is a prerequisite for a better understanding of mechanism of immunoadjuvant activity. Present study explores a self-assembly of polyphosphazene immunoadjuvant-PCPP and a model antigen-lysozyme in a physiologically relevant environment-saline solution and neutral pH. Three analytical techniques were employed to characterize reaction thermodynamics, water-solute structural organization, and supramolecular dimensions: isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), water proton nuclear magnetic resonance (wNMR), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The formation of lysozyme-PCPP complexes at near physiological conditions was detected by all methods and the avidity was modulated by a physical state and dimensions of the assemblies. Thermodynamic analysis revealed the dissociation constant in micromolar range and the dominance of enthalpy factor in interactions, which is in line with previously suggested model of protein charge anisotropy and small persistence length of the polymer favoring the formation of high affinity complexes. The paper reports advantageous use of wNMR method for studying protein-polymer interactions, especially for low protein-load complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Marin
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Marc B. Taraban
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Vanshika Patel
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Y. Bruce Yu
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Alexander K. Andrianov
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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Responsive Hyaluronic Acid–Ethylacrylamide Microgels Fabricated Using Microfluidics Technique. Gels 2022; 8:gels8090588. [PMID: 36135299 PMCID: PMC9498840 DOI: 10.3390/gels8090588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Volume changes of responsive microgels can probe interactions between polyelectrolytes and species of opposite charges such as peptides and proteins. We have investigated a microfluidics method to synthesize highly responsive, covalently crosslinked, hyaluronic acid microgels for such purposes. Sodium hyaluronate (HA), pre-modified with ethylacrylamide functionalities, was crosslinked in aqueous droplets created with a microfluidic technique. We varied the microgel properties by changing the degree of modification and concentration of HA in the reaction mixture. The degree of modification was determined by 1H NMR. Light microscopy was used to investigate the responsiveness of the microgels to osmotic stress in aqueous saline solutions by simultaneously monitoring individual microgel species in hydrodynamic traps. The permeability of the microgels to FITC-dextrans of molecular weights between 4 and 250 kDa was investigated using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The results show that the microgels were spherical with diameters between 100 and 500 µm and the responsivity tunable by changing the degree of modification and the HA concentration. Microgels were fully permeable to all investigated FITC-dextran probes. The partitioning to the microgel from an aqueous solution decreased with the increasing molecular weight of the probe, which is in qualitative agreement with theories of homogeneous gel networks.
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10
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An Overview of Coacervates: The Special Disperse State of Amphiphilic and Polymeric Materials in Solution. COLLOIDS AND INTERFACES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/colloids6030045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Individual amphiphiles, polymers, and colloidal dispersions influenced by temperature, pH, and environmental conditions or interactions between their oppositely charged pairs in solvent medium often produce solvent-rich and solvent-poor phases in the system. The solvent-poor denser phase found either on the top or the bottom of the system is called coacervate. Coacervates have immense applications in various technological fields. This review comprises a concise introduction, focusing on the types of coacervates, and the influence of different factors in their formation, structures, and stability. In addition, their physicochemical properties, thermodynamics of formation, and uses and multifarious applications are also concisely presented and discussed.
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11
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Guo L, Li YH, Fang S, Pan Y, Chen J, Meng YC. Characterization and interaction mechanism of selective protein separation by epsilon-polylysine: The role of hydrophobic attraction. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Antonov YA, Moldenaers P, Cardinaels R. Binding of lambda carrageenan to bovine serum albumin and non-equilibrium effects of complexation. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Shen K, Long J, Li X, Hua Y, Chen Y, Kong X, Zhang C. Complexation of pea protein isolate with dextran sulphate and interfacial adsorption behaviour and O/W emulsion stability at acidic conditions. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kejie Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue Wuxi Jiangsu Province 214122 China
| | - Jie Long
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue Wuxi Jiangsu Province 214122 China
| | - Xingfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue Wuxi Jiangsu Province 214122 China
| | - Yufei Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue Wuxi Jiangsu Province 214122 China
| | - Yeming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue Wuxi Jiangsu Province 214122 China
| | - Xiangzhen Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue Wuxi Jiangsu Province 214122 China
| | - Caimeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue Wuxi Jiangsu Province 214122 China
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14
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Mustafa AZ, Kent B, Chapman R, Stenzel MH. Fluorescence enables high throughput screening of polyelectrolyte–protein binding affinities. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py01056a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) in combination with high throughput controlled radical polymerisation allows quick identification of polymers that can bind strongly to enzymes such as glucose oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Z. Mustafa
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ben Kent
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Robert Chapman
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Martina H. Stenzel
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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15
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Holkar A, Toledo J, Srivastava S. Structure of
nanoparticle‐polyelectrolyte
complexes: Effects of polyelectrolyte characteristics and charge ratio. AIChE J 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Advait Holkar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
| | - Jesse Toledo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
| | - Samanvaya Srivastava
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
- California NanoSystems Institute University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
- Center for Biological Physics University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
- Institute for Carbon Management University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
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16
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Pereira FM, Melo MN, Santos ÁKM, Oliveira KV, Diz FM, Ligabue RA, Morrone FB, Severino P, Fricks AT. Hyaluronic acid-coated chitosan nanoparticles as carrier for the enzyme/prodrug complex based on horseradish peroxidase/indole-3-acetic acid: Characterization and potential therapeutic for bladder cancer cells. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 150:109889. [PMID: 34489042 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid nanoparticles composed of different biopolymers for delivery of enzyme/prodrug systems are of interest for cancer therapy. Hyaluronic acid-coated chitosan nanoparticles (CS/HA NP) were prepared to encapsulate individually an enzyme/pro-drug complex based on horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). CS/HA NP showed size around 158 nm and increase to 170 and 200 nm after IAA and HRP encapsulation, respectively. Nanoparticles showed positive zeta potential values (between +20.36 mV and +24.40 mV) and higher encapsulation efficiencies for both nanoparticles (up to 90 %) were obtained. Electron microscopy indicated the formation of spherical particles with smooth surface characteristic. Physicochemical and thermal characterizations suggest the encapsulation of HRP and IAA. Kinetic parameters for encapsulated HRP were similar to those of the free enzyme. IAA-CS/HA NP showed a bimodal release profile of IAA with a high initial release (72 %) followed by a slow-release pattern. The combination of HRP-CS/HA NP and IAA- CS/HA NP reduced by 88 % the cell viability of human bladder carcinoma cell line (T24) in the concentrations 0.5 mM of pro-drug and 1.2 μg/mL of the enzyme after 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Menezes Pereira
- Tiradentes University, Av. Murilo Dantas 300, 49032-490, Aracaju, SE, Brazil; Institute of Technology and Research, Av. Murilo Dantas 300, 49032-490, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Micael Nunes Melo
- Tiradentes University, Av. Murilo Dantas 300, 49032-490, Aracaju, SE, Brazil; Institute of Technology and Research, Av. Murilo Dantas 300, 49032-490, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Átali Kayane Mendes Santos
- Tiradentes University, Av. Murilo Dantas 300, 49032-490, Aracaju, SE, Brazil; Institute of Technology and Research, Av. Murilo Dantas 300, 49032-490, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Karony Vieira Oliveira
- Tiradentes University, Av. Murilo Dantas 300, 49032-490, Aracaju, SE, Brazil; Institute of Technology and Research, Av. Murilo Dantas 300, 49032-490, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Fernando Mendonça Diz
- School of Technology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga 6681, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rosane Angélica Ligabue
- School of Technology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga 6681, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Bueno Morrone
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga 6681, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Severino
- Tiradentes University, Av. Murilo Dantas 300, 49032-490, Aracaju, SE, Brazil; Institute of Technology and Research, Av. Murilo Dantas 300, 49032-490, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Alini Tinoco Fricks
- Tiradentes University, Av. Murilo Dantas 300, 49032-490, Aracaju, SE, Brazil; Institute of Technology and Research, Av. Murilo Dantas 300, 49032-490, Aracaju, SE, Brazil.
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17
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Hu B, Hu J, Han L, Cao J, Nishinari K, Yang J, Fang Y, Li D. Conformational transition and gelation of κ-carrageenan in electrostatic complexation with β-lactoglobulin aggregates. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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18
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Li X, Yang S, Lu C, Long J, Kong X, Hua Y. Complexation of pea albumins with anionic polysaccharides and purification of PA1a. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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19
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Bezrodnykh EA, Antonov YA, Berezin BB, Kulikov SN, Tikhonov VE. Molecular features of the interaction and antimicrobial activity of chitosan in a solution containing sodium dodecyl sulfate. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 270:118352. [PMID: 34364599 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecular interaction of chitosan with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is a more complicated process than it has been imagined so far. For the first time it has been shown that the shorter chitosan chains are, the more preferably they interact with the SDS and the larger-in-size microparticles they form. The influence of ionic strength, urea and temperature on microparticles formation allows interpreting the mechanism of microparticles formation as a cooperative electrostatic interaction between SDS and chitosan with simultaneous decrease in the surface charge of the complexes initiating the aggregation of microparticles. It is shown that hydrogen bonding is mainly responsible for the aggregation while hydrophobic interaction has a lesser effect. Chitosan demonstrates a high bacteriostatic activity in the presence of SDS in solution and can be promising for preparation of microbiologically stable pharmaceutical hydrocolloids, cosmetic products and chitosan-based Pickering emulsions containing strong anionic surfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya A Bezrodnykh
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury A Antonov
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin Str. 4, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris B Berezin
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey N Kulikov
- Kazan Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Kazan, Russia; Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Vladimir E Tikhonov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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20
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Characterization of interactions between whey protein isolate and hyaluronic acid in aqueous solution: Effects of pH and mixing ratio. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 203:111758. [PMID: 33865090 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between whey protein isolate (WPI) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were characterized as functions of pH (6.0-1.0) and protein to polysaccharide ratio (R, 1:4-10:1). Intramolecular soluble complexes formed at pHc of 5.6-5.8, followed by intermolecular insoluble complexes formed at pHΦ1 of 4.4-4.6. Complexes at ratios below 4:1 reached maximum optical value at pH 2.4 while samples above 4:1 peaked at pH 3-3.4 then precipitated. WPI/HA coacervates completely dissociated into soluble complex at pH 1.6-1.8 (pHΦ2). WPI/HA mixtures showed shear thinning behavior and elastic property. Whey protein underwent significant α-helix structure change when interacting with HA in range of pHΦ1>pH > pHΦ2 and at low R values (1:4 and 1:2). Scanning electronic microscope (SEM) pictures showed pH and mixing ratio dependent microstructural changes corresponding with phase transition. Data may provide helpful information for further application of WPI/HA complexes in medical, food and cosmetic fields.
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21
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Achazi K, Haag R, Ballauff M, Dernedde J, Kizhakkedathu JN, Maysinger D, Multhaup G. Understanding the Interaction of Polyelectrolyte Architectures with Proteins and Biosystems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:3882-3904. [PMID: 32589355 PMCID: PMC7894192 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The counterions neutralizing the charges on polyelectrolytes such as DNA or heparin may dissociate in water and greatly influence the interaction of such polyelectrolytes with biomolecules, particularly proteins. In this Review we give an overview of studies on the interaction of proteins with polyelectrolytes and how this knowledge can be used for medical applications. Counterion release was identified as the main driving force for the binding of proteins to polyelectrolytes: Patches of positive charge become multivalent counterions of the polyelectrolyte and lead to the release of counterions from the polyelectrolyte and a concomitant increase in entropy. This is shown from investigations on the interaction of proteins with natural and synthetic polyelectrolytes. Special emphasis is paid to sulfated dendritic polyglycerols (dPGS). The Review demonstrates that we are moving to a better understanding of charge-charge interactions in systems of biological relevance. Research along these lines will aid and promote the design of synthetic polyelectrolytes for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Achazi
- Institut für Chemie und BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinTakustrasse 314195BerlinGermany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Chemie und BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinTakustrasse 314195BerlinGermany
| | - Matthias Ballauff
- Institut für Chemie und BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinTakustrasse 314195BerlinGermany
- IRIS AdlershofHumboldt Universität zu BerlinZum Grossen Windkanal 612489BerlinGermany
| | - Jens Dernedde
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinInstitute of Laboratory MedicineClinical Chemistry, and PathobiochemistryCVK Augustenburger Platz 113353BerlinGermany
| | - Jayachandran N. Kizhakkedathu
- Centre for Blood ResearchDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineLife Science InstituteDepartment of ChemistrySchool of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverV6T 1Z3Canada
| | - Dusica Maysinger
- Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsMcGill UniversityMontrealH3G 1Y6Canada
| | - Gerd Multhaup
- Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsMcGill UniversityMontrealH3G 1Y6Canada
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22
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Human-derived NLS enhance the gene transfer efficiency of chitosan. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:227253. [PMID: 33305307 PMCID: PMC7789810 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20201026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear import is considered as one of the major limitations for non-viral gene delivery systems and the incorporation of nuclear localization signals (NLS) that mediate nuclear intake can be used as a strategy to enhance internalization of exogenous DNA. In this work, human-derived endogenous NLS peptides based on insulin growth factor binding proteins (IGFBP), namely IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-5, were tested for their ability to improve nuclear translocation of genetic material by non-viral vectors. Several strategies were tested to determine their effect on chitosan mediated transfection efficiency: co-administration with polyplexes, co-complexation at the time of polyplex formation, and covalent ligation to chitosan. Our results show that co-complexation and covalent ligation of the NLS peptide derived from IGFBP-3 to chitosan polyplexes yields a 2-fold increase in transfection efficiency, which was not observed for NLS peptide derived from IGFBP-5. These results indicate that the integration of IGFBP-NLS-3 peptides into polyplexes has potential as a strategy to enhance the efficiency of non-viral vectors.
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23
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Izutsu KI, Usui A, Yamamoto E, Abe Y, Yoshida H, Goda Y. Effect of Complex Coacervation with Hyaluronic Acid on Protein Transition in a Subcutaneous Injection Site Model System. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2020; 68:1109-1112. [PMID: 33132379 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c20-00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of complex coacervation in an aqueous mixture of proteins (lysozyme, albumin, immunoglobulin G) and hyaluronic acid and its effect on protein transition in a model system was studied to elucidate factors determining the bioavailability of subcutaneously injected therapeutic proteins. Mixing of hyaluronic acid and the model proteins induced complex coacervation at solution pH close to or below the isoelectric point of the proteins. In vitro dialysis using membranes with large pore size tube represented a limitation in the protein transition of the coacervation mixture. Thermal analysis suggested there was retention of the protein conformation in the polymer complex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akiko Usui
- Drug Division, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | | | - Yasuhiro Abe
- Drug Division, National Institute of Health Sciences
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24
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Achazi K, Haag R, Ballauff M, Dernedde J, Kizhakkedathu JN, Maysinger D, Multhaup G. Wechselwirkung von Polyelektrolyt‐Architekturen mit Proteinen und Biosystemen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Achazi
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Matthias Ballauff
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Deutschland
- IRIS Adlershof Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Zum Großen Windkanal 6 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Jens Dernedde
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie CVK Augustenburger Platz 1 13353 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Jayachandran N. Kizhakkedathu
- Centre for Blood Research Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Life Science Institute Department of Chemistry School of Biomedical Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver V6T 1Z3 Kanada
| | - Dusica Maysinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics McGill University Montreal H3G 1Y6 Kanada
| | - Gerd Multhaup
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics McGill University Montreal H3G 1Y6 Kanada
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25
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Zheng K, Chen Y, Wang X, Zhao X, Qian W, Xu Y. Selective Protein Separation Based on Charge Anisotropy by Spherical Polyelectrolyte Brushes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:10528-10536. [PMID: 32791839 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Protein purification is of vital importance in the food industry, drug discovery, and other related fields. Among many separation methods, polyelectrolyte (PE)-based phase separation was developed and recognized as a low-cost purification technique. In this work, spherical polyelectrolyte brushes (SPBs) with a high specific surface area were utilized to study the protein accessibility and selective protein binding on highly charged nanoparticles (NPs) as well as the selective phase separation of proteins. The correlation between charge anisotropy, protein binding, and phase separation was investigated on various protein systems including those proteins with similar isoelectric points (pI) such as bovine serum albumin (BSA) and β-lactoglobulin (BLG), proteins with similar molecular weights such as BSA and hemoglobin (HB), and even protein variants (BLG-A and -B) with a tiny difference of amino acids. The nonspecific electrostatic interaction studied by turbidimetric titrations and isothermal calorimetry titration (ITC) indicates a specific binding between proteins and SPBs arising from the charge anisotropy of proteins. An optimized output based on selective protein binding on SPBs could be correlated for efficient protein separation through tuning external conditions including pH and ionic strength. These findings, therefore, proved that phase separation based on selective protein adsorption by SPBs was an efficient alternative for protein separation compared with the traditional practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, International Joint Research Center of Green Energy Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yang Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, International Joint Research Center of Green Energy Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, International Joint Research Center of Green Energy Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotao Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, International Joint Research Center of Green Energy Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Qian
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Yisheng Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, International Joint Research Center of Green Energy Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Xinjiang Bingtuan of Materials Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, 280 Beisi Road, Shihezi 832000, P. R. China
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26
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Seyrig C, Kignelman G, Thielemans W, Le Griel P, Cowieson N, Perez J, Baccile N. Stimuli-Induced Nonequilibrium Phase Transitions in Polyelectrolyte-Surfactant Complex Coacervates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:8839-8857. [PMID: 32702994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte-surfactant complexes (PESCs) are important soft colloids with applications in the fields of personal care, cosmetics, pharmaceutics, and much more. If their phase diagrams have long been studied under pseudoequilibrium conditions, and often inside the micellar or vesicular regions, understanding the effect of nonequilibrium conditions, applied at phase boundaries, on the structure of PESCs generates an increasing interest. In this work we cross the micelle-vesicle and micelle-fiber phase boundaries in an isocompositional surfactant-polyelectrolyte aqueous system through a continuous and rapid variation of pH. We employ two microbial glycolipid biosurfactants in the presence of polyamines, both systems being characterized by their responsiveness to pH. We show that complex coacervates (Co) are always formed in the micellar region of both glycolipids' phase diagram and that their phase behavior drives the PESC stability and structure. However, for glycolipid forming single-wall vesicles, we observe an isostructural and isodimensional transition between complex coacervates and a multilamellar walls vesicle (MLWV) phase. For the fiber-forming glycolipid, on the contrary, the complex coacervate disassembles into free polyelectrolyte coexisting with the equilibrium fiber phase. Last but not least, this work also demonstrates the use of microbial glycolipid biosurfactants in the development of sustainable PESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Seyrig
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, LCMCP, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Gertrude Kignelman
- Sustainable Materials Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Wim Thielemans
- Sustainable Materials Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Patrick Le Griel
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, LCMCP, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Nathan Cowieson
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Javier Perez
- SWING, Synchrotron Soleil, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Niki Baccile
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, LCMCP, F-75005 Paris, France
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27
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Blocher McTigue WC, Perry SL. Protein Encapsulation Using Complex Coacervates: What Nature Has to Teach Us. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1907671. [PMID: 32363758 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201907671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Protein encapsulation is a growing area of interest, particularly in the fields of food science and medicine. The sequestration of protein cargoes is achieved using a variety of methods, each with benefits and drawbacks. One of the most significant challenges associated with protein encapsulation is achieving high loading while maintaining protein viability. This difficulty is exacerbated because many encapsulant systems require the use of organic solvents. By contrast, nature has optimized strategies to compartmentalize and protect proteins inside the cell-a purely aqueous environment. Although the mechanisms whereby aspects of the cytosol is able to stabilize proteins are unknown, the crowded nature of many newly discovered, liquid phase separated "membraneless organelles" that achieve protein compartmentalization suggests that the material environment surrounding the protein may be critical in determining stability. Here, encapsulation strategies based on liquid-liquid phase separation, and complex coacervation in particular, which has many of the key features of the cytoplasm as a material, are reviewed. The literature on protein encapsulation via coacervation is also reviewed and the parameters relevant to creating protein-containing coacervate formulations are discussed. Additionally, potential opportunities associated with the creation of tailored materials to better facilitate protein encapsulation and stabilization are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah L Perry
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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28
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Kumar R, Lee YK, Jho YS. Martini Coarse-Grained Model of Hyaluronic Acid for the Structural Change of Its Gel in the Presence of Monovalent and Divalent Salts. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134602. [PMID: 32610441 PMCID: PMC7370153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) has a wide range of biomedical applications including the formation of hydrogels, microspheres, sponges, and films. The modeling of HA to understand its behavior and interaction with other biomolecules at the atomic level is of considerable interest. The atomistic representation of long HA polymers for the study of the macroscopic structural formation and its interactions with other polyelectrolytes is computationally demanding. To overcome this limitation, we developed a coarse grained (CG) model for HA adapting the Martini scheme. A very good agreement was observed between the CG model and all-atom simulations for both local (bonded interactions) and global properties (end-to-end distance, a radius of gyration, RMSD). Our CG model successfully demonstrated the formation of HA gel and its structural changes at high salt concentrations. We found that the main role of CaCl2 is screening the electrostatic repulsion between chains. HA gel did not collapse even at high CaCl2 concentrations, and the osmotic pressure decreased, which agrees well with the experimental results. This is a distinct property of HA from other proteins or polynucleic acids which ensures the validity of our CG model. Our HA CG model is compatible with other CG biomolecular models developed under the Martini scheme, which allows for large-scale simulations of various HA-based complex systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar
- Department of Physics and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University (GNU), 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea; (R.K.); (Y.K.L.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology (JUIT), Waknaghat, Solan 173234, India
| | - Young Kyu Lee
- Department of Physics and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University (GNU), 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea; (R.K.); (Y.K.L.)
| | - Yong Seok Jho
- Department of Physics and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University (GNU), 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea; (R.K.); (Y.K.L.)
- Correspondence:
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29
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Zhou L, Shi H, Li Z, He C. Recent Advances in Complex Coacervation Design from Macromolecular Assemblies and Emerging Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000149. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore 9 Engineering Drive 1 Singapore 117576 Singapore
| | - Huihui Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore 9 Engineering Drive 1 Singapore 117576 Singapore
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering A:STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08‐03 Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Chaobin He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore 9 Engineering Drive 1 Singapore 117576 Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering A:STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08‐03 Singapore 138634 Singapore
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30
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Effect of Pollyallylamine on Alcoholdehydrogenase Structure and Activity. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12040832. [PMID: 32268489 PMCID: PMC7240490 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, the effect of polyallylamine (PAA) on the structure and catalytic characteristics of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) was studied. For this research, we used methods of stationary kinetics and fluorescence spectroscopy. It has been shown that PAA non-competitively inhibits ADH activity while preserving its quaternary structure. It was established that 0.1 M ammonium sulfate removes the inhibitory effect of PAA on ADH, which is explained by the binding of sulfate anion (NH4)2SO4 with polyallylamine amino groups. As a result, the rigidity of the polymer chain increases and the ability to bind to the active loop of the enzyme increases. It is also shown that sodium chloride removes the inhibitory effect of PAA on ADH due to an electrostatic screening of the enzyme from polyelectrolyte. The method of encapsulating ADH in polyelectrolyte microcapsules was adapted to the structure and properties of the enzyme molecule. It was found that the best for ADH is its encapsulation by adsorption into microcapsules already formed on CaCO3 particles. It was shown that the affinity constant of encapsulated alcohol dehydrogenase to the substrate is 1.7 times lower than that of the native enzyme. When studying the affinity constant of ADH in a complex with PAA to ethanol, the effect of noncompetitive inhibition of the enzyme by polyelectrolyte was observed.
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Guo L, Fang Y, Shao Z, Fang S, Li Y, Chen J, Meng Y. pH-induced structural transition during complexation and precipitation of sodium caseinate and ε-Poly-l-lysine. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 154:644-653. [PMID: 32169449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
ε-Polylysine (EPL) is a food-grade antimicrobial peptide that forms complexes with proteins. Such complexes are potential carriers for targeted delivery of agents. To elucidate the formation of such complexes, the pH-induced phase transition of EPL and sodium caseinate (SC) complexes were characterized in terms of ionic strengths (I) and EPL/SC weight ratios (r). Electrostatic nanocomplexes (e.g. r = 2-3, I = 2 mM) were formed near the isoelectric point of SC using turbidimetry, dynamic light scattering, and ζ-potential measurements. Phase analyses revealed that the formation of nanocomplexes primarily depends on the I, and saturated binding was recorded above r = 2-2. Electrostatic potential modelling of EPL was employed to describe the interaction affinity. A three-dimensional phase boundary curve was established which divided the complexation into a nano-scale and phase separation. Atomic force microscopy images confirmed that nanocomplexes were spherical particles with uniform shapes. Morphologic examination using optical and scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that the nanocomplexes formed "sponge-like" precipitates at larger length scales. This work reveals the possible mechanism that drives the complexation of sodium caseinate and ε-Poly-l-lysine. This is expected to guide the construction of tailor-made protein complexes in industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Guo
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hang-zhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqian Fang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hang-zhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Shao
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hang-zhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Fang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hang-zhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Li
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hang-zhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hang-zhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuecheng Meng
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hang-zhou 310018, People's Republic of China.
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Walkowiak J, Lu Y, Gradzielski M, Zauscher S, Ballauff M. Thermodynamic Analysis of the Uptake of a Protein in a Spherical Polyelectrolyte Brush. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 41:e1900421. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Walkowiak
- Institut für Chemie und BiochemieFreie Universität Berlin Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Yan Lu
- Soft Matter and Functional MaterialsHelmholtz‐Zentrum Berlin für Materialen und Energie Hahn‐Meitner‐Platz 1 14109 Berlin Germany
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Potsdam 14467 Potsdam Germany
| | - Michael Gradzielski
- Stranski Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie und Theoretische ChemieInstitut für ChemieStraße des 17. Juni 124Sekr. TC7Technische Universität Berlin D‐10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Stefan Zauscher
- Mechanical Engineering and Material ScienceDuke University Durham NC 27708 USA
| | - Matthias Ballauff
- Soft Matter and Functional MaterialsHelmholtz‐Zentrum Berlin für Materialen und Energie Hahn‐Meitner‐Platz 1 14109 Berlin Germany
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van Lente J, Claessens MMA, Lindhoud S. Charge-Based Separation of Proteins Using Polyelectrolyte Complexes as Models for Membraneless Organelles. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:3696-3703. [PMID: 31418555 PMCID: PMC6794638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Membraneless organelles are liquid compartments within cells with different solvent properties than the surrounding environment. This difference in solvent properties is thought to result in function-related selective partitioning of proteins. Proteins have also been shown to accumulate in polyelectrolyte complexes, but whether the uptake in these complexes is selective has not been ascertained yet. Here, we show the selective partitioning of two structurally similar but oppositely charged proteins into polyelectrolyte complexes. We demonstrate that these proteins can be separated from a mixture by altering the polyelectrolyte complex composition and released from the complex by lowering the pH. Combined, we demonstrate that polyelectrolyte complexes can separate proteins from a mixture based on protein charge. Besides providing deeper insight into the selective partitioning in membraneless organelles, potential applications for selective biomolecule partitioning in polyelectrolyte complexes include drug delivery or extraction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéré
J. van Lente
- Department
of Nanobiophysics, and Membrane Science & Technology Cluster, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Mireille M. A.
E. Claessens
- Department
of Nanobiophysics, and Membrane Science & Technology Cluster, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Lindhoud
- Department
of Nanobiophysics, and Membrane Science & Technology Cluster, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
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Gao S, Holkar A, Srivastava S. Protein-Polyelectrolyte Complexes and Micellar Assemblies. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1097. [PMID: 31261765 PMCID: PMC6680422 DOI: 10.3390/polym11071097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we highlight the recent progress in our understanding of the structure, properties and applications of protein-polyelectrolyte complexes in both bulk and micellar assemblies. Protein-polyelectrolyte complexes form the basis of the genetic code, enable facile protein purification, and have emerged as enterprising candidates for simulating protocellular environments and as efficient enzymatic bioreactors. Such complexes undergo self-assembly in bulk due to a combined influence of electrostatic interactions and entropy gains from counterion release. Diversifying the self-assembly by incorporation of block polyelectrolytes has further enabled fabrication of protein-polyelectrolyte complex micelles that are multifunctional carriers for therapeutic targeted delivery of proteins such as enzymes and antibodies. We discuss research efforts focused on the structure, properties and applications of protein-polyelectrolyte complexes in both bulk and micellar assemblies, along with the influences of amphoteric nature of proteins accompanying patchy distribution of charges leading to unique phenomena including multiple complexation windows and complexation on the wrong side of the isoelectric point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Gao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Advait Holkar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Samanvaya Srivastava
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Stender EG, Birch J, Kjeldsen C, Nielsen LD, Duus JØ, Kragelund BB, Svensson B. Alginate Trisaccharide Binding Sites on the Surface of β-Lactoglobulin Identified by NMR Spectroscopy: Implications for Molecular Network Formation. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:6165-6174. [PMID: 31459761 PMCID: PMC6647953 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
β-lactoglobulin (BLG) is a promiscuous protein in terms of ligand interactions, having several binding sites reported for hydrophobic biomolecules such as fatty acids, lipids, and vitamins as well as detergents. BLG also interacts with neutral and anionic oligo- and polysaccharides for which the binding sites remain to be identified. The multivalency offered by these carbohydrate ligands is expected to facilitate coacervation, an electrostatically driven liquid-liquid phase separation. Using heteronuclear single quantum coherence NMR spectroscopy and monitoring chemical shift perturbations, we observed specific binding sites of modest affinity for alginate oligosaccharides (AOSs) prepared by alginate lyase degradation. Two different AOS binding sites (site 1 and site 2) centered around K75 and K101 were identified for monomeric BLG isoform A (BLGA) at pH 2.65. In contrast, only site 1 around K75 was observed for dimeric BLGA at pH 4.0. The data suggest a pH-dependent mechanism whereby both the BLGA dimer-monomer equilibrium and electrostatic interactions are exploited. This variability allows for control of coacervation and particle formation of BLGA/alginate mixtures via directed polysaccharide bridging of AOS binding sites and has implication for molecular network formation. The results are valuable for design of polyelectrolyte-based BLG particles and coacervates for carrying nutraceuticals and modulating viscosity in dairy products by use of alginates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil G.
P. Stender
- Enzyme
and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building
224, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Johnny Birch
- Enzyme
and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building
224, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christian Kjeldsen
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building
207, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lau D. Nielsen
- Structural
Biology and NMR Laboratory, Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein
Science, Department of Biology, University
of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes
Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen
N, Denmark
| | - Jens Ø. Duus
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building
207, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Birthe B. Kragelund
- Structural
Biology and NMR Laboratory, Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein
Science, Department of Biology, University
of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes
Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen
N, Denmark
- E-mail: . phone: +45 3532 2081 (B.S.)
| | - Birte Svensson
- Enzyme
and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building
224, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- E-mail: . phone: +45 4525 2740 (B.B.K.)
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Kapelner RA, Obermeyer AC. Ionic polypeptide tags for protein phase separation. Chem Sci 2019; 10:2700-2707. [PMID: 30996987 PMCID: PMC6419950 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04253e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyelectrolytes of opposite charge in aqueous solution can undergo a liquid-liquid phase separation known as complex coacervation. Complex coacervation of ampholytic proteins with oppositely charged polyelectrolytes is of increasing interest as it results in a protein rich phase that has potential applications in protein therapeutics, protein purification, and biocatalysis. However, many globular proteins do not phase separate when mixed with an oppositely charged polyelectrolyte, and those that do phase separate do so over narrow concentration, pH, and ionic strength ranges. The protein design factors that govern complex coacervation under varying conditions are still relatively unexplored. Recent work indicates that proteins with an intrinsically disordered region, a higher net charge, or a patch of charged residues are more likely to undergo a phase transition. Based on these design parameters, polyionic coacervation tags were designed and assessed for their ability to promote protein complex coacervation with oppositely charged polyelectrolytes. The phase behavior of a panel of engineered proteins was evaluated with the strong polycation poly(4-vinyl N-methyl pyridinium iodide). Proteins containing the ionic tags formed liquid coacervate droplets, while isotropically charged protein variants formed solid precipitates. The ionic tags also promoted phase separation at higher salt concentrations than an isotropic distribution of charge on the protein surface. The salt dependence of the protein complex coacervation could be predicted independently for tagged or isotropic variants by the ratio of negative-to-positive residues on the proteins and universally by calculating the distance between like charges. The addition of just a six residue polyionic tag generated a globular protein capable of liquid-liquid phase separation at physiological pH and ionic strength. This model system has provided the initial demonstration that short, ionic polypeptide sequences (6-18 amino acids) can drive the liquid-liquid phase separation of globular proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Kapelner
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Columbia University , New York , NY 10027 , USA . ; Tel: +1-212-853-1315
| | - Allie C Obermeyer
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Columbia University , New York , NY 10027 , USA . ; Tel: +1-212-853-1315
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Wang X, Zheng K, Si Y, Guo X, Xu Y. Protein⁻Polyelectrolyte Interaction: Thermodynamic Analysis Based on the Titration Method †. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E82. [PMID: 30960066 PMCID: PMC6402006 DOI: 10.3390/polym11010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This review discussed the mechanisms including theories and binding stages concerning the protein⁻polyelectrolyte (PE) interaction, as well as the applications for both complexation and coacervation states of protein⁻PE pairs. In particular, this review focused on the applications of titration techniques, that is, turbidimetric titration and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), in understanding the protein⁻PE binding process. To be specific, by providing thermodynamic information such as pHc, pHφ, binding constant, entropy, and enthalpy change, titration techniques could shed light on the binding affinity, binding stoichiometry, and driving force of the protein⁻PE interaction, which significantly guide the applications by utilization of these interactions. Recent reports concerning interactions between proteins and different types of polyelectrolytes, that is, linear polyelectrolytes and polyelectrolyte modified nanoparticles, are summarized with their binding differences systematically discussed and compared based on the two major titration techniques. We believe this short review could provide valuable insight in the understanding of the structure⁻property relationship and the design of applied biomedical PE-based systems with optimal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Wang
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Kai Zheng
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Yi Si
- Institute of Vascular Surgery, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Xuhong Guo
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
- International Joint Research Center of Green Energy Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Xinjiang Bingtuan of Materials Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832000, China.
| | - Yisheng Xu
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
- International Joint Research Center of Green Energy Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Xinjiang Bingtuan of Materials Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832000, China.
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Li X, Long J, Hua Y, Chen Y, Kong X, Zhang C. Protein recovery and anti-nutritional factor removal from soybean wastewater by complexing with a high concentration of polysaccharides in a novel quick-shearing system. J FOOD ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2018.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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40
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Tiwari S, Bahadur P. Modified hyaluronic acid based materials for biomedical applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 121:556-571. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Schuurmans CCL, Abbadessa A, Bengtson MA, Pletikapic G, Eral HB, Koenderink G, Masereeuw R, Hennink WE, Vermonden T. Complex coacervation-based loading and tunable release of a cationic protein from monodisperse glycosaminoglycan microgels. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:6327-6341. [PMID: 30024582 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00686e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are of interest for biomedical applications because of their ability to retain proteins (e.g. growth factors) involved in cell-to-cell signaling processes. In this study, the potential of GAG-based microgels for protein delivery and their protein release kinetics upon encapsulation in hydrogel scaffolds were investigated. Monodisperse hyaluronic acid methacrylate (HAMA) and chondroitin sulfate methacrylate (CSMA) micro-hydrogel spheres (diameters 500-700 μm), were used to study the absorption of a cationic model protein (lysozyme), microgel (de)swelling, intra-gel lysozyme distribution and its diffusion coefficient in the microgels dispersed in buffers (pH 7.4) of varying ionic strengths. Upon incubation in 20 mM buffer, lysozyme was absorbed up to 3 and 4 mg mg-1 dry microspheres for HAMA and CSMA microgels respectively, with loading efficiencies up to 100%. Binding stoichiometries of disaccharide : lysozyme (10.2 : 1 and 7.5 : 1 for HAMA and CSMA, respectively) were similar to those for GAG-lysozyme complex coacervates based on soluble GAGs found in literature. Complex coacervates inside GAG microgels were also formed in buffers of higher ionic strengths as opposed to GAG-lysozyme systems based on soluble GAGs, likely due to increased local anionic charge density in the GAG networks. Binding of cationic lysozyme to the negatively charged microgel networks resulted in deswelling up to a factor 2 in diameter. Lysozyme release from the microgels was dependent on the ionic strength of the buffer and on the number of anionic groups per disaccharide, (1 for HAMA versus 2 for CSMA). Lysozyme diffusion coefficients of 0.027 in HAMA and <0.006 μm2 s-1 in CSMA microgels were found in 170 mM buffer (duration of release 14 and 28 days respectively). Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) measurements yielded similar trends, although lysozyme diffusion was likely altered due to the negative charges introduced to the protein through the FITC-labeling resulting in weaker protein-matrix interactions. Finally, lysozyme-loaded CSMA microgels were embedded into a thermosensitive hydrogel scaffold. These composite systems showed complete lysozyme release in ∼58 days as opposed to only 3 days for GAG-free scaffolds. In conclusion, covalently crosslinked methacrylated GAG hydrogels have potential as controlled release depots for cationic proteins in tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl C L Schuurmans
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Science for Life, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Li X, Long J, Hua Y, Chen Y, Kong X, Zhang C. Protein Separation Coacervation with Carboxymethyl Cellulose of Different Substitution Degree: Noninteracting Behavior of Bowman-Birk Chymotrypsin Inhibitor. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:4439-4448. [PMID: 29565587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We first observed that protein/polysaccharide interaction exhibited noninteracting behavior which makes Bowman-Birk chymotrypsin inhibitor (BBI) always free of complexation, being separated from another protein with similar isoelectric points, Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI). Turbidity titrations showed that the electrostatic attractions were much stronger between KTI/BBI (KBi) and carboxymethyl cellulose of higher substitution degree. Unchanged chymotrypsin inhibitory activity (CIA) indicated that BBI had negligible contribution to protein recovery and trypsin inhibitory activity (TIA). Tricine-SDS-PAGE revealed that, at r = 20:1-2:1, unbound BBI was left in the supernatant when bound KTI transferred into precipitates, even if there was excess negative charge. Thus, purified KTI or BBI was achieved easily at the given conditions. The noninteracting behavior of BBI was further confirmed by ITC, where the binding enthalpy of BBI to CMC was negligible compared with the high binding affinity ( Kb) of KTI. This work will be beneficial to protein purification based on protein-polysaccharide coacervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi , Jiangsu Province 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Long
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi , Jiangsu Province 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yufei Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi , Jiangsu Province 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yeming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi , Jiangsu Province 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangzhen Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi , Jiangsu Province 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Caimeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi , Jiangsu Province 214122 , People's Republic of China
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Santos MB, da Costa NR, Garcia-Rojas EE. Interpolymeric Complexes Formed Between Whey Proteins and Biopolymers: Delivery Systems of Bioactive Ingredients. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:792-805. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monique Barreto Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos (PPGCTA); Univ. Federal Rural de Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ); Rodovia BR 465, Km 7, Seropédica/RJ 23890-000 Brazil
| | - Naiara Rocha da Costa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos (PPGCTA); Univ. Federal Rural de Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ); Rodovia BR 465, Km 7, Seropédica/RJ 23890-000 Brazil
| | - Edwin Elard Garcia-Rojas
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos (PPGCTA); Univ. Federal Rural de Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ); Rodovia BR 465, Km 7, Seropédica/RJ 23890-000 Brazil
- Laboratório de Engenharia e Tecnologia Agroindustrial (LETA); Univ. Federal Fluminense (UFF); Av. dos Trabalhadores, 420, Volta Redonda/RJ 27255-125 Brazil
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44
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Stender EG, Khan S, Ipsen R, Madsen F, Hägglund P, Hachem MA, Almdal K, Westh P, Svensson B. Effect of alginate size, mannuronic/guluronic acid content and pH on particle size, thermodynamics and composition of complexes with β-lactoglobulin. Food Hydrocoll 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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45
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Nolles A, Westphal AH, Kleijn JM, van Berkel WJH, Borst JW. Colorful Packages: Encapsulation of Fluorescent Proteins in Complex Coacervate Core Micelles. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071557. [PMID: 28753915 PMCID: PMC5536045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Encapsulation of proteins can be beneficial for food and biomedical applications. To study their biophysical properties in complex coacervate core micelles (C3Ms), we previously encapsulated enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and its monomeric variant, mEGFP, with the cationic-neutral diblock copolymer poly(2-methyl-vinyl-pyridinium)n-b-poly(ethylene-oxide)m (P2MVPn-b-PEOm) as enveloping material. C3Ms with high packaging densities of fluorescent proteins (FPs) were obtained, resulting in a restricted orientational freedom of the protein molecules, influencing their structural and spectral properties. To address the generality of this behavior, we encapsulated seven FPs with P2MVP41-b-PEO205 and P2MVP128-b-PEO477. Dynamic light scattering and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy showed lower encapsulation efficiencies for members of the Anthozoa class (anFPs) than for Hydrozoa FPs derived from Aequorea victoria (avFPs). Far-UV CD spectra of the free FPs showed remarkable differences between avFPs and anFPs, caused by rounder barrel structures for avFPs and more elliptic ones for anFPs. These structural differences, along with the differences in charge distribution, might explain the variations in encapsulation efficiency between avFPs and anFPs. Furthermore, the avFPs remain monomeric in C3Ms with minor spectral and structural changes. In contrast, the encapsulation of anFPs gives rise to decreased quantum yields (monomeric Kusabira Orange 2 (mKO2) and Tag red fluorescent protein (TagRFP)) or to a pKa shift of the chromophore (FP variant mCherry).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antsje Nolles
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Adrie H Westphal
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- MicroSpectroscopy Centre Wageningen, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - J Mieke Kleijn
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Willem J H van Berkel
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan Willem Borst
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- MicroSpectroscopy Centre Wageningen, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Li X, Hua Y, Chen Y, Kong X, Zhang C, Yu X. An advance for removing antinutritional protease inhibitors: Soybean whey purification of Bowman-Birk chymotrypsin inhibitor by combination of two oppositely charged polysaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 164:349-357. [PMID: 28325335 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Two successive and selective coacervations induced by chitosan (Ch) and carrageenan (CG) were applied to remove antinutritional protease inhibitors and purify Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor (BBI) from soybean whey. At the first coacervation induced by Ch (66.7, 200, and 510kDa), only Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI) and BBI complexed with Ch were extracted, while β-amylase and soybean agglutinin remained in supernatant. The binding constants for the interaction increased on the order Ch-66.7
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufei Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yeming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangzhen Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Caimeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
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Comert F, Nguyen D, Rushanan M, Milas P, Xu AY, Dubin PL. Precipitate–Coacervate Transformation in Polyelectrolyte–Mixed Micelle Systems. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:4466-4473. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Comert
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Duy Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Marguerite Rushanan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Peker Milas
- Department
of Physics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 666 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Amy Y. Xu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Paul L. Dubin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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Sofronova AA, Izumrudov VA, Muronetz VI, Semenyuk PI. Similarly charged polyelectrolyte can be the most efficient suppressor of the protein aggregation. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.11.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Sing CE. Development of the modern theory of polymeric complex coacervation. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 239:2-16. [PMID: 27161661 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Oppositely charged polymers can undergo the process of complex coacervation, which refers to a liquid-liquid phase separation driven by electrostatic attraction. These materials have demonstrated considerable promise as the basis for complex, self-assembled materials. In this review, we provide a broad overview of the theoretical tools used to understand the physical properties of polymeric coacervates. In particular, we discuss historic theories (Voorn-Overbeek, Random Phase Approximation), and then describe recent developments in the field (Field Theoretic, Counterion Release, Molecular Simulation, and Polymer Reference Interaction Site Model methods). We provide context for these methods, and map out the patchwork of theoretical models that are used to describe a diverse array of coacervate systems. We use this review of the literature to clarify a number of important theoretical challenges remaining in our physical understanding of complex coacervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Sing
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave. Urbana IL, 61801, United States.
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