1
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Zeppillo T, Schulmann A, Macciardi F, Hjelm BE, Föcking M, Sequeira PA, Guella I, Cotter D, Bunney WE, Limon A, Vawter MP. Functional impairment of cortical AMPA receptors in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2022; 249:25-37. [PMID: 32513544 PMCID: PMC7718399 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and preclinical studies suggest that some of the behavioral alterations observed in schizophrenia (SZ) may be mechanistically linked to synaptic dysfunction of glutamatergic signaling. Recent genetic and proteomic studies suggest alterations of cortical glutamate receptors of the AMPA-type (AMPARs), which are the predominant ligand-gated ionic channels of fast transmission at excitatory synapses. The impact of gene and protein alterations on the electrophysiological activity of AMPARs is not known in SZ. In this proof of principle work, using human postmortem brain synaptic membranes isolated from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), we combined electrophysiological analysis from microtransplanted synaptic membranes (MSM) with transcriptomic (RNA-Seq) and label-free proteomics data in 10 control and 10 subjects diagnosed with SZ. We observed in SZ a reduction in the amplitude of AMPARs currents elicited by kainate, an agonist of AMPARs that blocks the desensitization of the receptor. This reduction was not associated with protein abundance but with a reduction in kainate's potency to activate AMPARs. Electrophysiologically-anchored dataset analysis (EDA) was used to identify synaptosomal proteins that linearly correlate with the amplitude of the AMPARs responses, gene ontology functional annotations were then used to determine protein-protein interactions. Protein modules associated with positive AMPARs current increases were downregulated in SZ, while protein modules that were upregulated in SZ were associated with decreased AMPARs currents. Our results indicate that transcriptomic and proteomic alterations, frequently observed in the DLPFC in SZ, converge at the synaptic level producing a functional electrophysiological impairment of AMPARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Zeppillo
- Department of Neurology, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, USA; Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, B.R.A.I.N., Centre for Neuroscience, Trieste, Italy
| | - Anton Schulmann
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, USA; Current address: National Institute of Mental Health, Human Genetics Branch, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fabio Macciardi
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Brooke E Hjelm
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - P Adolfo Sequeira
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Ilaria Guella
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - David Cotter
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - William E Bunney
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Agenor Limon
- Department of Neurology, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, USA.
| | - Marquis P Vawter
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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2
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Theoretical study of the stereoselectivity in the reaction of 4-haloglutamic acid derivatives with arylamines. Russ Chem Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-022-3513-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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3
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Yasuno Y, Okamura H, Shinada T. Stereoselective Synthesis of Dehydroamino Acids and Its Application to the Synthesis of Nitrogen-containing Natural Products. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2022. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.80.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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4
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Limon A, Delbruck E, Yassine A, Pandya D, Myers RM, Barchas JD, Lee F, Schatzberg, Watson SJ, Akil H, Bunney WE, Vawter MP, Sequeira A. Electrophysiological evaluation of extracellular spermine and alkaline pH on synaptic human GABA A receptors. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:218. [PMID: 31488811 PMCID: PMC6728327 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0551-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyamines have fundamental roles in brain homeostasis as key modulators of cellular excitability. Several studies have suggested alterations in polyamine metabolism in stress related disorders, suicide, depression, and neurodegeneration, making the pharmacological modulation of polyamines a highly appealing therapeutic strategy. Polyamines are small aliphatic molecules that can modulate cationic channels involved in neuronal excitability. Previous indirect evidence has suggested that polyamines can modulate anionic GABAA receptors (GABAARs), which mediate inhibitory signaling and provide a direct route to reduce hyperexcitability. Here, we attempted to characterize the effect that spermine, the polyamine with the strongest reported effect on GABAARs, has on human postmortem native GABAARs. We microtransplanted human synaptic membranes from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of four cases with no history of mental or neurological disorders, and directly recorded spermine effects on ionic GABAARs responses on microtransplanted oocytes. We show that in human synapses, inhibition of GABAARs by spermine was better explained by alkalization of the extracellular solution. Additionally, spermine had no effect on the potentiation of GABA-currents by diazepam, indicating that even if diazepam binding is enhanced by spermine, it does not translate to changes in functional activity. Our results clearly demonstrate that while extracellular spermine does not have direct effects on human native synaptic GABAARs, spermine-mediated shifts of pH inhibit GABAARs. Potential spermine-mediated increase of pH in synapses in vivo may therefore participate in increased neuronal activity observed during physiological and pathological states, and during metabolic alterations that increase the release of spermine to the extracellular milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Limon
- 0000 0001 0668 7243grid.266093.8Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior. School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA ,0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Department of Neurology, Mitchel Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, USA
| | - E. Delbruck
- 0000 0001 0668 7243grid.266093.8Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior. School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - A. Yassine
- 0000 0001 0668 7243grid.266093.8Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior. School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - D. Pandya
- 0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Department of Neurology, Mitchel Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, USA
| | - R. M. Myers
- 0000 0004 0408 3720grid.417691.cHudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL USA
| | - J. D. Barchas
- 000000041936877Xgrid.5386.8Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY USA
| | - F. Lee
- 000000041936877Xgrid.5386.8Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY USA
| | - Schatzberg
- 0000000419368956grid.168010.eDepartment of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA USA
| | - S. J. Watson
- 0000000086837370grid.214458.eMolecular and Behavioral Neurosciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - H. Akil
- 0000000086837370grid.214458.eMolecular and Behavioral Neurosciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - W. E. Bunney
- 0000 0001 0668 7243grid.266093.8Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior. School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - M. P. Vawter
- 0000 0001 0668 7243grid.266093.8Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior. School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - A. Sequeira
- 0000 0001 0668 7243grid.266093.8Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior. School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonchul Lee
- Center for Multiscale Chiral Architectures (CMCA)Department of Chemistry, KAIST Daejeon 34141 Korea
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6
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Sugai T, Okuyama Y, Shin J, Usui S, Hisada S, Osanai R, Oishi T, Sato T, Chida N. Synthesis of Kaitocephalin Facilitated by Three Stereoselective Allylic Transposition Reactions. CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.171226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Sugai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yuya Okuyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Jaehyun Shin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Shunme Usui
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Shoko Hisada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Osanai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Takeshi Oishi
- School of Medicine, Keio University, 4-1-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8521, Japan
| | - Takaaki Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Noritaka Chida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
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7
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Ustinova VO, Vigorov AY, Gruzdev DA, Nuraeva AS, Nizova IA, Chulakov EN, Sadretdinova LS, Slepukhin PA, Zelenovsky PS, Shur VY, Krasnov VP. Synthesis and piezoelectric properties of N-phthaloylglutamic acid derivatives. Russ Chem Bull 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-017-1905-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Fernandes RA, Kattanguru P, Gholap SP, Chaudhari DA. Recent advances in the Overman rearrangement: synthesis of natural products and valuable compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:2672-2710. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02625g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This review documents the reports since 2005 on the Overman rearrangement, an important C–N bond forming reaction that has been profoundly used in the synthesis of natural products, synthetic intermediates, building blocks and valuable compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney A. Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai 400076
- India
| | - Pullaiah Kattanguru
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai 400076
- India
| | - Sachin P. Gholap
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai 400076
- India
| | - Dipali A. Chaudhari
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai 400076
- India
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9
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Yasuno Y, Hamada M, Yoshida Y, Shimamoto K, Shigeri Y, Akizawa T, Konishi M, Ohfune Y, Shinada T. Structure–activity relationship study at C9 position of kaitocephalin. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:3543-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Limon A, Estrada-Mondragón A, Ruiz JMR, Miledi R. Dipicrylamine Modulates GABAρ1 Receptors through Interactions with Residues in the TM4 and Cys-Loop Domains. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 89:446-56. [PMID: 26869399 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.103432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dipicrylamine (DPA) is a commonly used acceptor agent in Förster resonance energy transfer experiments that allows the study of high-frequency neuronal activity in the optical monitoring of voltage in living cells. However, DPA potently antagonizes GABAA receptors that contain α1 and β2 subunits by a mechanism which is not clearly understood. In this work, we aimed to determine whether DPA modulation is a general phenomenon of Cys-loop ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs), and whether this modulation depends on particular amino acid residues. For this, we studied the effects of DPA on human homomeric GABAρ1, α7 nicotinic, and 5-HT3A serotonin receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Our results indicate that DPA is an allosteric modulator of GABAρ1 receptors with an IC50 of 1.6 µM, an enhancer of α7 nicotinic receptors at relatively high concentrations of DPA, and has little, if any, effect on 5-HT3A receptors. DPA antagonism of GABAρ1 was strongly enhanced by preincubation, was slightly voltage-dependent, and its washout was accelerated by bovine serum albumin. These results indicate that DPA modulation is not a general phenomenon of LGICs, and structural differences between receptors may account for disparities in DPA effects. In silico modeling of DPA docking to GABAρ1, α7 nicotinic, and 5-HT3A receptors suggests that a hydrophobic pocket within the Cys-loop and the M4 segment in GABAρ1, located at the extracellular/membrane interface, facilitates the interaction with DPA that leads to inhibition of the receptor. Functional examinations of mutant receptors support the involvement of the M4 segment in the allosteric modulation of GABAρ1 by DPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agenor Limon
- Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California (A.L., J.M.R.R., R.M.); Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California (A.L.); and The Queensland Brain Institute, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia (A.E.-M.)
| | - Argel Estrada-Mondragón
- Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California (A.L., J.M.R.R., R.M.); Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California (A.L.); and The Queensland Brain Institute, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia (A.E.-M.)
| | - Jorge M Reyes Ruiz
- Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California (A.L., J.M.R.R., R.M.); Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California (A.L.); and The Queensland Brain Institute, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia (A.E.-M.)
| | - Ricardo Miledi
- Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California (A.L., J.M.R.R., R.M.); Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California (A.L.); and The Queensland Brain Institute, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia (A.E.-M.)
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11
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Yasuno Y, Hamada M, Kawasaki M, Shimamoto K, Shigeri Y, Akizawa T, Konishi M, Ohfune Y, Shinada T. (7S)-Kaitocephalin as a potent NMDA receptor selective ligand. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:1206-10. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02301g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A structure–activity relationship (SAR) study of kaitocephalin, known to be a potent naturally occurring NMDA receptor ligand, was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Yasuno
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka City University
- Osaka 558-8585
- Japan
| | - Makoto Hamada
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka City University
- Osaka 558-8585
- Japan
| | | | - Keiko Shimamoto
- Bioorganic Research Institute
- Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences
- Kyoto 619-0284
- Japan
| | - Yasushi Shigeri
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
- Osaka 563-8577
- Japan
| | - Toshifumi Akizawa
- Analytical Chemistry
- Pharmaceutical Science
- Setsunan University
- Osaka 573-0101
- Japan
| | - Motomi Konishi
- Analytical Chemistry
- Pharmaceutical Science
- Setsunan University
- Osaka 573-0101
- Japan
| | - Yasufumi Ohfune
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka City University
- Osaka 558-8585
- Japan
| | - Tetsuro Shinada
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka City University
- Osaka 558-8585
- Japan
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12
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Koizumi A, Kimura M, Arai Y, Tokoro Y, Fukuzawa SI. Copper- and Silver-Catalyzed Diastereo- and Enantioselective Conjugate Addition Reaction of 1-Pyrroline Esters to Nitroalkenes: Diastereoselectivity Switch by Chiral Metal Complexes. J Org Chem 2015; 80:10883-91. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Koizumi
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Institute of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Midori Kimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Institute of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Yuri Arai
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Institute of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Tokoro
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Institute of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Fukuzawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Institute of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
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13
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Candelario M, Cuellar E, Reyes-Ruiz JM, Darabedian N, Feimeng Z, Miledi R, Russo-Neustadt A, Limon A. Direct evidence for GABAergic activity of Withania somnifera on mammalian ionotropic GABAA and GABAρ receptors. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 171:264-72. [PMID: 26068424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Withania somnifera (WS) has been traditionally used in Ayurvedic medicine as a remedy for debility, stress, nervous exhaustion, insomnia, loss of memory, and to enhance cognitive function. This study provides an empirical evidence to support the traditional use of WS to aid in mental process engaging GABAergic signaling. AIM OF THE STUDY We evaluated the effect of aqueous WS root extract (aqWS), and its two main components, withaferin A and withanolide A, on the main inhibitory receptors in the central nervous system: ionotropic GABAA receptors. MATERIALS AND METHODS The pharmacological activity of aqWS, withaferin A and withanolide A, was tested on native rat brain GABAA channels microtransplanted into Xenopus oocytes and GABAρ1 receptors heterologously expressed in oocytes. The GABAergic activity of aqWS compounds was evaluated by the two-electrode voltage-clamp method and the fingerprint of the extract was done by LC-MS. RESULTS Concentration-dependent inward ion currents were elicited by aqWS in microtransplanted oocytes with an EC50 equivalent to 4.7 mg/mL and a Hill coefficient (nH) of 1.6. The GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline blocked these currents. Our results show that aqWS activated inotropic GABAA channels but with lower efficacy compared to the endogenous agonist GABA. We also demonstrate for first time that aqWS is a potent agonist of GABAρ1 receptors. GABAρ1 receptors were 27 fold more sensitive to aqWS than GABAA receptors. Furthermore, aqWS activated GABAρ1 receptors eliciting maximum currents that were no significantly different to those produced by GABA (paired t-test; p=0.533). The differential activity on GABAA and GABA ρ1 receptors and the reported lack of significant GABA presence in WS root extract indicates that the GABAergic activity of aqWS is not mediated by GABA. WS main active components, witaferin A and withanolide A, were tested to determine if they were responsible for the activation of the GABA receptors. Neither compound activated GABAA nor GABAρ1 receptors, suggesting that other constituent/s in WS are responsible for GABAA receptor mediated responses. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence indicating that key constituents in WS may have an important role in the development of pharmacological treatments for neurological disorders associated with GABAergic signaling dysfunction such as general anxiety disorders, sleep disturbances, muscle spasms, and seizures. In addition, the differential activation of GABA receptor subtypes elucidates a potential mechanism by which WS accomplishes its reported adaptogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Candelario
- Biological Sciences Department, California State University, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Erika Cuellar
- Biological Sciences Department, California State University, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - Narek Darabedian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zhou Feimeng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ricardo Miledi
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Amelia Russo-Neustadt
- Biological Sciences Department, California State University, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Agenor Limon
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States.
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14
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Gallegos-Perez JL, Limon A, Reyes-Ruiz JM, Alshanqeeti AS, Aljohi MA, Miledi R. Analysis of free ACh and 5-HT in milk from four different species and their bioactivity on 5-HT(3) and nACh receptors. Food Funct 2015; 5:1489-94. [PMID: 24820623 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60458f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Milk is one of the most beneficial aliments and is highly recommended in normal conditions; however, in certain disorders, like irritable bowel syndrome, cow milk and dairy products worsen the gastric symptoms and their use is not recommended. Among the most recognized milk-induced gatrointestinal symptoms are abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, which are processes controlled by cholinergic and serotonergic transmission. Whether the presence of bioavailable ACh and 5-HT in milk may contribute to normal peristalsis, or to the developing of these symptoms, is not known. In this work we attempt to determine whether the content of free ACh and 5-HT is of physiological significance in milk from four different species: cow (bovine), goat, camel and human. Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to identify and quantify free ACh and 5-HT in milk, and activation of the serotonergic and cholinergic ionotropic receptors was investigated using electrophysiological experiments. Our principal hypothesis was that milk from these four species had sufficient free ACh and 5-HT to activate their correspondent receptors expressed in a heterologous system. Our results showed a more complex picture, in which free ACh and 5-HT and their ability to activate cholinergic and serotonergic receptors are not correlated. This work is a first step to elucidate whether 5-HT and ACh, at the concentrations present in the milk, can be associated to a direct function in the GI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose-Luis Gallegos-Perez
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, 2205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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15
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Limon A, Gallegos-Perez JL, Reyes-Ruiz JM, Aljohi MA, Alshanqeeti AS, Miledi R. The endogenous GABA bioactivity of camel, bovine, goat and human milks. Food Chem 2014; 145:481-7. [PMID: 24128504 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
GABA orally administered has several beneficial effects on health, including the regulation of hyperglycaemic states in humans. Those effects are similar to the effects reported for camel milk (CMk); however, it is not known whether compounds with GABAergic activity are present in milk from camels or other species. We determined CMk free-GABA concentration by LS/MS and its bioactivity on human GABA receptors. We found that camel and goat milks have significantly more bioavailable GABA than cow and human milks and are able to activate GABAρ receptors. The relationship between GABA and taurine concentrations suggests that whole camel milk may be more efficient to activate GABAρ1 receptors than goat milk. Because GABAρ receptors are normally found in enteroendocrine cells in the lumen of the digestive tract, these results suggest that GABA in camel and goat milk may participate in GABA-modulated functions of enteroendocrine cells in the GI lumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agenor Limon
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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16
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Reyes-Ruiz JM, Limon A, Miledi R. Cloning and characterization of the ionotropic GABA receptor subunit ρ1 from pig (Sus scrofa). Neurosci Lett 2014; 558:78-81. [PMID: 24239647 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Since human and pig eyes have remarkably anatomical and physiological similitudes swine models have been broadly used for functional studies and therapeutic research. Recently, a GABAρ-mediated relaxation of retinal vascularity suggested that GABAρ signaling may be used to improve retinal blood flow in vascular-driven impaired vision, and a further molecular characterization of GABAρ receptors would be beneficial. However, none of the GABAρ type subunits from pigs has been yet cloned; Among the 19 subunits that compose the family of GABAA receptors, ρ1-3 subunits are capable of forming homomeric channels. These homomeric receptors are particularly interesting because their pharmacological and kinetic properties are notably different from receptors composed by other GABAA subunits. Here we report the cloning of the GABAρ1subunit from the pig and the functional expression of homomeric channels in Xenopus oocytes. The most notable difference found in the pig GABAρ1 receptor was the absence of a stretch of 17 amino acids near the amino terminus (R41-V58) conserved in the rat and the human. This sequence has a higher nucleotidic match with the transcript variant 2 of the human GABAρ1 subunit. Xenopus oocytes injected with cRNA from the receptor generated currents when exposed to GABA that shared all the characteristics of other GABAρ1 subunits in mammals, including its modulation by dopamine. This study will help to increase the knowledge of the genetics of the pig, further the understanding of this important neurotransmitter receptor family and will shed some light in the evolution of these genes among mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agenor Limon
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Ricardo Miledi
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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Reyes-Ruiz JM, Limon A, Korn MJ, Nakamura PA, Shirkey NJ, Wong JK, Miledi R. Profiling neurotransmitter receptor expression in the Ambystoma mexicanum brain. Neurosci Lett 2013; 538:32-7. [PMID: 23353105 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ability to regenerate limbs and central nervous system (CNS) is unique to few vertebrates, most notably the axolotl (Ambystoma sp.). However, despite the fact the neurotransmitter receptors are involved in axonal regeneration, little is known regarding its expression profile. In this project, RT-PCR and qPCR were performed to gain insight into the neurotransmitter receptors present in Ambystoma. Its functional ability was studied by expressing axolotl receptors in Xenopus laevis oocytes by either injection of mRNA or by direct microtransplantation of brain membranes. Oocytes injected with axolotl mRNA expressed ionotropic receptors activated by GABA, aspartate+glycine and kainate, as well as metabotropic receptors activated by acetylcholine and glutamate. Interestingly, we did not see responses following the application of serotonin. Membranes from the axolotl brain were efficiently microtransplanted into Xenopus oocytes and two types of native GABA receptors that differed in the temporal course of their responses and affinities to GABA were observed. Results of this study are necessary for further characterization of axolotl neurotransmitter receptors and may be useful for guiding experiments aimed at understanding activity-dependant limb and CNS regeneration.
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Ahmed AH, Hamada M, Shinada T, Ohfune Y, Weerasinghe L, Garner PP, Oswald RE. The structure of (-)-kaitocephalin bound to the ligand binding domain of the (S)-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)/glutamate receptor, GluA2. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:41007-13. [PMID: 23076153 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.416362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate receptors mediate the majority of excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system, and excessive stimulation of these receptors is involved in a variety of neurological disorders and neuronal damage from stroke. The development of new subtype-specific antagonists would be of considerable therapeutic interest. Natural products can provide important new lead compounds for drug discovery. The only natural product known to inhibit glutamate receptors competitively is (-)-kaitocephalin, which was isolated from the fungus Eupenicillium shearii and found to protect CNS neurons from excitotoxicity. Previous work has shown that it is a potent antagonist of some subtypes of glutamate receptors (AMPA and NMDA, but not kainate). The structure of kaitocephalin bound to the ligand binding domain of the AMPA receptor subtype, GluA2, is reported here. The structure suggests how kaitocephalin can be used as a scaffold to develop more selective and high affinity antagonists for glutamate receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H Ahmed
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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Takahashi K, Yamaguchi D, Ishihara J, Hatakeyama S. Total Synthesis of (−)-Kaitocephalin Based on a Rh-Catalyzed C–H Amination. Org Lett 2012; 14:1644-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol300431n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Takahashi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Jun Ishihara
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Susumi Hatakeyama
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
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Nasiripourdori A, Taly V, Grutter T, Taly A. From toxins targeting ligand gated ion channels to therapeutic molecules. Toxins (Basel) 2011; 3:260-93. [PMID: 22069709 PMCID: PMC3202823 DOI: 10.3390/toxins3030260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Revised: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligand-gated ion channels (LGIC) play a central role in inter-cellular communication. This key function has two consequences: (i) these receptor channels are major targets for drug discovery because of their potential involvement in numerous human brain diseases; (ii) they are often found to be the target of plant and animal toxins. Together this makes toxin/receptor interactions important to drug discovery projects. Therefore, toxins acting on LGIC are presented and their current/potential therapeutic uses highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valérie Taly
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires; ISIS/Université de Strasbourg, CNRS-UMR 7006, 8, allée Gaspard Monge, BP 70028, F-67083, Strasbourg Cedex, France;
| | - Thomas Grutter
- Laboratoire de Biophysicochimie des Récepteurs Canaux, UMR 7199 “Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives” CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin-BP 60024, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France;
| | - Antoine Taly
- Laboratoire de Biophysicochimie des Récepteurs Canaux, UMR 7199 “Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives” CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin-BP 60024, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France;
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