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Budyka MF, Gavrishova TN, Li VM, Tovstun SA. Styrylbenzoquinoline dyads as a new type of fluorescing photochromes operating via [2 + 2] photocycloaddition mechanism: Optimization of the structure. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 320:124666. [PMID: 38906063 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
We synthesized and studied a novel bichromophoric dyad in which bridging methylene groups link two styrylbenzo[f]quinoline (SBQ) photochromes to a salicylic acid residue. The dyad was designed for use as a fluorescent P-type photochrome acting via a [2 + 2] photocycloaddition (PCA) reaction. Compared to previously studied dyads, a change in the attachment handle and shortening of the bridging groups resulted in simultaneous rise of the quantum yields of both fluorescence and PCA. Under light irradiation, two competitive reversible reactions occurred in the dyad. The first is photoisomerization between the trans- and cis- isomers of the SBQ moieties. The second is PCA. The latter process was predominant and resulted in the formation of the cyclobutane ring bearing two benzo[f]quinoline (BQ) groups. In the ground S0 state, NMR data and DFT calculations indicated the formation of folded dyad conformers whose structure is pre-organized for PCA due to π-stacking interactions of two SBQ moieties. In the excited dyad, steady-state and time-resolved nanosecond fluorescence spectroscopy revealed the formation of an excimer, which was assumed to be a precursor of cyclobutane. Due to the fluorescence properties of SBQ and BQ, both dyad and cyclobutane fluoresce and can serve as a color-correlated multicolor fluorescence photoswitch. A simple approach is proposed for predicting the relationship between the spectral properties of the dyad and cyclobutane, which are the open and closed isomers of a new type of photochromes. The approach uses the dependence of the position of the maximum of the absorption band of an aromatic compound on the size of the π-system, as well as the fact that the sizes of the π-systems of the dyad and cyclobutane are related by a simple relation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail F Budyka
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Semenov avenue 1, Chernogolovka, Moscow region 142432 Russia.
| | - Tatiana N Gavrishova
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Semenov avenue 1, Chernogolovka, Moscow region 142432 Russia
| | - Vitalii M Li
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Semenov avenue 1, Chernogolovka, Moscow region 142432 Russia
| | - Sergey A Tovstun
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Semenov avenue 1, Chernogolovka, Moscow region 142432 Russia
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2
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Khan S, Mir MH. Photomechanical properties in metal-organic crystals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 38953709 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02655a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of materials that can effectively convert photon energy (light) into motion (mechanical work) and change their shapes on command is of great interest for their potential in the fabrication of devices (powered by light) that will revolutionize the technologies of optical actuators, smart medical devices, soft robotics, artificial muscles and flexible electronics. Recently, metal-organic crystals have emerged as desirable smart hybrid materials that can hop, split and jump. Thus, their incorporation into polymer host objects can control movement from molecules to millimetres, opening up a new world of light-switching smart materials. This feature article briefly summarizes the recent part of the fast-growing literature on photomechanical properties in metal-organic crystals, such as coordination compounds, coordination polymers (CPs), and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). The article highlights the contributions of our group along with others in this area and aims to provide a consolidated idea of the engineering strategies and structure-property relationships of these hybrid materials for such rare phenomena with diverse potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samim Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Aliah University, New Town, Kolkata 700 156, India.
- Institut des Matériaux Poreux de Paris, Ecole Normale Supérieure, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France.
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3
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Lam K, Carta V, Almtiri M, Bushnak I, Islam I, Al-Kaysi RO, Bardeen CJ. Solar-Powered Molecular Crystal Motor Based on an Anthracene-Thiazolidinedione Photoisomerization Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38954772 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Assembling molecular machines into crystals provides a way to harness their power on large length scales, but the development of a crystal analogue to a molecular motor remains a challenge. The molecule (Z)-5-(anthracen-9-ylmethylene)-3-butylthiazolidine-2,4-dione (C4-ATD) has E and Z isomers with strongly overlapping absorption spectra. This spectroscopic property allows both Z → E and E → Z photoisomerization reactions to be driven by a single light source, and simulations indicate this property can provide a route to robust oscillatory motion. Reprecipitation in an aqueous surfactant enables the growth of single crystal microwires that exhibit continuous mechanical oscillations under a wide range of illumination conditions, including ambient solar irradiation. Molecular crystal motors provide a new approach for transforming continuous light into oscillatory mechanical motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Lam
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Veronica Carta
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Mohammed Almtiri
- College of Science and Health Professions-3124, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (Nanomedicine), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibraheem Bushnak
- College of Science and Health Professions-3124, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (Nanomedicine), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Imadul Islam
- College of Science and Health Professions-3124, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (Nanomedicine), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabih O Al-Kaysi
- College of Science and Health Professions-3124, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (Nanomedicine), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Christopher J Bardeen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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4
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Salazar EX, Menger MFSJ, Faraji S. Ultrafast Photoinduced Dynamics in 1,3-Cyclohexadiene: A Comparison of Trajectory Surface Hopping Schemes†. J Chem Theory Comput 2024. [PMID: 38949625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Photoinduced nonadiabatic processes play a crucial role in a wide range of disciplines, from fundamental steps in biology to modern applications in advanced materials science. A theoretical understanding of these processes is highly desirable, and trajectory surface hopping (TSH) has proven to be a well-suited framework for a wide range of systems. In this work, we present a comprehensive comparison between two TSH algorithms, the conventional Tully's fewest switches surface hopping (FSSH) scheme and the Landau-Zener surface hopping (LZSH), to study the photoinduced ring-opening of 1,3-cyclohexadiene (CHD) to 1,3,5-hexatriene at the spin-flip time-dependent density functional theory (SF-TDDFT) level of theory. Additionally, we compare our results with a literature study at the extended multistate complete active space second-order perturbation theory method (XMS-CASPT2) level of theory. Our results show that the average population and lifetimes estimated with LZSH using SF-TDDFT are closer to the literature (using multireference methods) than those estimated with FSSH using SF-TDDFT. The latter speaks in favor of applying LZSH in combination with the SF-TDDFT method to study larger and more complex systems such as molecular photoswitches where the CHD molecule acts as a backbone. In addition, we present an implementation of Tully's FSSH algorithm as an extension to the PySurf software package.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edison X Salazar
- Instituut-Lorentz, Universiteit Leiden, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Theoretical Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maximilian F S J Menger
- Theoretical Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shirin Faraji
- Theoretical Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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5
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Maity P, Pradhan H, Das A, Dalapati M, Samanta D. Improving Fatigue Resistance and Autonomous Switching of pH Responsive Hydrazones by Pulses of a Chemical Fuel. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400328. [PMID: 38646974 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The chemically triggered reversible switching of pH-responsive hydrazones involves rotary motion-induced configurational changes, serving as a prototype for constructing an array of molecular machines. Typically, the configurational isomerization of such switches into two distinct forms (E/Z) occurs through the alteration of the pH the medium, achieved by successive additions of acid and base stimuli. However, this process results in intermittent operation due to the concomitant accumulation of salt after each cycle, limiting switching performance to only a few cycles (5-6). In this context, we introduce a novel strategy for the autonomous E/Z isomerization of hydrazones in acetonitrile using pulses of trichloroacetic acid as a chemical fuel. The use of this transient acid enabled reversible switching of hydrazones even after 50 cycles without causing significant fatigue. To test the broad viability of the fuel, a series of ortho/para-substituted hydrazones were synthesized and their switching performance was investigated. The analysis of kinetic data showed a strong dependency of switching operations including the lifetime of transient state, on the electronic properties of substituents. Finally, a distinct color change from yellow to orange due to reversible switching of the para-methoxy substituted hydrazone was employed for the creation of rewritable messages on commercially available paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Maity
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Harekrushna Pradhan
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Asesh Das
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Monotosh Dalapati
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Dipak Samanta
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India
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6
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Shu Y, Luo Y, Wei H, Peng L, Liang J, Zhai B, Ding L, Fang Y. Fabrication of Large-Area Multi-Stimulus Responsive Thin Films via Interfacially Confined Irreversible Katritzky Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402453. [PMID: 38622832 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Fabrication of large-area thin films through irreversible reactions remains a formidable task. This study reports a breakthrough strategy for in situ synthesis of large-area, free-standing, robust and multi-stimulus responsive thin films through a catalyst-free and irreversible Katritzky reaction at a liquid-liquid interface. The as resulted films are featured with adjustable thickness of 1-3 μm and an area up to 50 cm2. The thin films exhibit fast photo-mechanical motions (a response time of ca 0.1 s), vapor-mechanical motions, as well as photo-chromic and solvato-chromic behaviors. It was revealed that the reason behind the observable motions is proton transfer from the imine groups to the carbonyl structures within the film induced by photo- and/or dimethyl sulfoxide-stimulus. In addition, the films can harvest anionic radicals and the radicals as captured can be efficiently degraded under UV light illumination. This study provides a new strategy for fabricating smart thin films via interfacially confined irreversible Katritzky reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhong Shu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Yan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Hexi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Lingya Peng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Liang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Binbin Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Liping Ding
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
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7
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Zou J, Liao J, He Y, Zhang T, Xiao Y, Wang H, Shen M, Yu T, Huang W. Recent Development of Photochromic Polymer Systems: Mechanism, Materials, and Applications. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 7:0392. [PMID: 38894714 PMCID: PMC11184227 DOI: 10.34133/research.0392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Photochromic polymer is defined as a series of materials based on photochromic units in polymer chains, which produces reversible color changes under irradiation with a particular wavelength. Currently, as the research progresses, it shows increasing potential applications in various fields, such as anti-counterfeiting, information storage, super-resolution imaging, and logic gates. However, there is a paucity of published reviews on the topic of photochromic polymers. Herein, this review discusses and summarizes the research progress and prospects of such materials, mainly summarizing the basic mechanisms, classification, and applications of azobenzene, spiropyran, and diarylethene photochromic polymers. Moreover, 3-dimensional (3D) printable photochromic polymers are worthy to be summarized specifically because of its innovative approach for practical application; meanwhile, the developing 3D printing technology has shown increasing potential opportunities for better applications. Finally, the current challenges and future directions of photochromic polymer materials are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindou Zou
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE),
Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Jimeng Liao
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE),
Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Yunfei He
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE),
Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE),
Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Yuxin Xiao
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE),
Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Hailan Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE),
Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Mingyao Shen
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE),
Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE),
Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province,
Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ningbo 315103, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE),
Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM),
Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), Nanjing 211816, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM),
Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
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8
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Kasuya K, Oketani R, Matsuda S, Sato H, Ishiwari F, Saeki A, Hisaki I. Photo-Responsive Hydrogen-Bonded Molecular Networks Capable of Retaining Crystalline Periodicity after Isomerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404700. [PMID: 38577718 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The molecular conformation, crystalline morphology, and properties of photochromic organic crystals can be controlled through photoirradiation, making them promising candidates for functional organic materials. However, photochromic porous molecular crystals with a networked framework structure are rare due to the difficulty in maintaining space that allows for photo-induced molecular motion in the crystalline state. This study describes a photo-responsive single crystal based on hydrogen-bonded (H-bonded) network of dihydrodimethylbenzo[e]pyrene derivative 4BDHP. A crystal composed of H-bonded undulate layers, 4BDHP-2, underwent photo-isomerization in the crystalline state due to loose stacking of the layers. Particularly, enantio-pure crystal (S,S)-4BDHP-2 allowed to reveal the structure of the photoisomerized crystal, in which the closed form (4BDHP) and open form (4CPD) were arranged alternately with keeping crystalline periodicity, although side reactions were also implied. The present proof-of-concept system of a photochromic framework that retains crystalline periodicity after photo-isomerization may provide new light-driven porous functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Kasuya
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, 560-8531, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryusei Oketani
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, 560-8531, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Souta Matsuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, 565-0871, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sato
- Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho, Akisima, 196-8666, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Ishiwari
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, 565-0871, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akinori Saeki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, 565-0871, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ichiro Hisaki
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, 560-8531, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
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9
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Hassan F, Tang Y, Bisoyi HK, Li Q. Photochromic Carbon Nanomaterials: An Emerging Class of Light-Driven Hybrid Functional Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2401912. [PMID: 38847224 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Photochromic molecules have remarkable potential in memory and optical devices, as well as in driving and manipulating molecular motors or actuators and many other systems using light. When photochromic molecules are introduced into carbon nanomaterials (CNMs), the resulting hybrids provide unique advantages and create new functions that can be employed in specific applications and devices. This review highlights the recent developments in diverse photochromic CNMs. Photochromic molecules and CNMs are also introduced. The fundamentals of different photochromic CNMs are discussed, including design principles and the types of interactions between CNMs and photochromic molecules via covalent interactions and non-covalent bonding such as π-π stacking, amphiphilic, electrostatic, and hydrogen bonding. Then the properties of photochromic CNMs, e.g., in photopatterning, fluorescence modulation, actuation, and photoinduced surface-relief gratings, and their applications in energy storage (solar thermal fuels, photothermal batteries, and supercapacitors), nanoelectronics (transistors, molecular junctions, photo-switchable conductance, and photoinduced electron transfer), sensors, and bioimaging are highlighted. Finally, an outlook on the challenges and opportunities in the future of photochromic CNMs is presented. This review discusses a vibrant interdisciplinary research field and is expected to stimulate further developments in nanoscience, advanced nanotechnology, intelligently responsive materials, and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathy Hassan
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Materials Science Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, El-Gharbia, Egypt
| | - Yuqi Tang
- Institute of Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211189, China
| | - Hari Krishna Bisoyi
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Materials Science Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Quan Li
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Materials Science Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
- Institute of Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211189, China
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10
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Tipping MB, Pruñonosa Lara L, Solea AB, von Krbek LKS, Ward MD. Photoswitching of Co(ii)-based coordination cages containing azobenzene backbones. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8488-8499. [PMID: 38846406 PMCID: PMC11151815 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01575d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Inclusion of photoswitchable azobenzene units as spacers into ditopic bridging ligands Lm and Lp, containing two chelating pyrazolyl-pyridine termini, allows formation of metal complex assemblies with Co(ii) that undergo a range of light-induced structural transformations. One notable result is the light-induced conversion of a Co2(Lp)3 dinuclear triple helicate (based on the E ligand isomer) to a C 3-symmetric Co4(Lp)6 assembly, assumed to be an edge-bridged tetrahedral cage, based on the Z ligand isomer. Another is the preparation of a series of Co4(Lm)6 complexes, of which Co4(E-Lm)6 was crystallographically characterised and consists of a pair of Co2(Lm)2 double helicates connected by an additional two bridging ligands which span the pair of helicate units, giving a cyclic Co4 array in which one and then two bridging ligands alternate around the periphery. A set of Co4(Lm)6 complexes could be prepared containing different ratios of Z : E ligand isomers (0 : 6, 2 : 4, 4 : 2 and 6 : 0) of which Co4(Z-Lm)2(E-Lm)4 was particularly stable and dominated the speciation behaviour, either during light-induced switching of the ligand geometry in pre-formed complexes, or when ligand isomers were combined in different proportions during the preparation. These examples of (i) interconversion between Co2L3 (helicate) and (ii) Co4L6 (cage) assemblies with Lp, and the interconversion between a series of Co4L6 assemblies Co4(Z-Lm)n(E-Lm)6-n with Lm, constitute significant advances in the field of photoswitchable supramolecular assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max B Tipping
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Lidón Pruñonosa Lara
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Atena B Solea
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Larissa K S von Krbek
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Michael D Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
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11
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Gui Q, Liu Z, Sun X, Guo G, Yuan Y, Zhang H. Design, Synthesis, and Performance of Photo-Responsive Liquid Crystal Polymers with Stepwise Deformation Capability. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400193. [PMID: 38837543 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Photo-responsive liquid crystal polymers (LCPs) have potential application value in flexible robots, artificial muscles, and microfluidic control. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the development of LCPs. However, the preparation of LCPs with continuous and controllable stepwise deformation capabilities remains a challenge. In this study, visible photo-responsive cyanostilbene monomer, UV photo-responsive azobenzene monomer, and multiple hydrogen bond crosslinker are used to prepare photo-responsive LCPs capable of achieving continuously and controllable stepwise deformation. The comprehensive investigation of the multiple light response ability and photo-induced deformation properties of these copolymers is conducted. The results reveal that in the first stage of photo-induced deformation under 470 nm blue light irradiation, the deformation angle decreases with a reduction in cyanostilbene content in the copolymer component, ranging from 40° in AZ0-CS4 to 0° in AZ4-CS0. In the second stage of photo-induced deformation under 365 nm UV irradiation, the deformation angle increases with the increase of azobenzene content, ranging from 0° of AZ0-CS4 to 89.4° of AZ4-CS0. Importantly, the deformation between these two stages occurs as a continuous process, allowing for a direct transition from the first-stage to the second-stage deformation by switching the light source from 470 to 365 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Gui
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Functional Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan Province, 411105, China
| | - Zui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Functional Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan Province, 411105, China
| | - Xiangling Sun
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Functional Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan Province, 411105, China
| | - Guangqiang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Functional Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan Province, 411105, China
| | - Yongjie Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Functional Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan Province, 411105, China
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Functional Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan Province, 411105, China
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12
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Bag SK, Pal A, Jana S, Thakur A. Recent Advances on Diarylethene-Based Photoswitching Materials: Applications in Bioimaging, Controlled Singlet Oxygen Generation for Photodynamic Therapy and Catalysis. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400238. [PMID: 38578057 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Photoswitching materials have emerged as a promising class of compounds that possess manifold interesting properties rendering their widespread use from photoswitches, regulators to optoelectronic devices, security technologies and biochemical assays. Diarylethenes (DAE) constitute one such category of photoswitchable compounds, where the key features of stability, photoisomerization wavelengths, quantum yield and variability in the photoisomers significantly depend on their derivatization. The last decade has witnessed a surge in the engagement of DAEs in different areas of chemical and biological sciences, like biomarkers, controlled generation of singlet oxygen, photo-dynamic therapy, chemosensing, catalysis, etc. In all the cases, the photoswitchability of DAE is the principal regulating factor along with its emission properties according to the appended groups. Previous reviews on applications of DAE-based systems did not predominantly cover all the aspects of biological and industrial implementations. They have covered only one field of application either in the biological science or in the synthetic aspect or photochromic aspects only. This review is a coalition of all those aspects in last six years. Here the variation of properties of the DAE systems with respect to structural diversifications have been discussed in detail along with their potential applications in bioimaging of cells, regulating singlet oxygen generation for photodynamic therapy and catalysis of organic reactions, and their future prospects. A tabular presentation of the photophysical properties of DAE derivatives adds to the basic understanding of this subject at a glance. We hope that this cumulative collection of contemporary research on DAE, as presented in this review, will enhance the knowledge of the readers about synthetic design anticipating their properties well in advance, and will certainly motivate researchers to generate new DAE architectures with superior chemical and biological properties in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Kumar Bag
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Adwitiya Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhendu Jana
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Arunabha Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
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13
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Sotome H, Nagasaka T, Konishi T, Kamada K, Morimoto M, Irie M, Miyasaka H. Near-infrared two-photon absorption and excited state dynamics of a fluorescent diarylethene derivative. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:1041-1050. [PMID: 38714585 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-024-00573-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024]
Abstract
Near-infrared two-photon absorption and excited state dynamics of a fluorescent diarylethene (fDAE) derivative were investigated by time-resolved absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies. Prescreening with quantum chemical calculation predicted that a derivative with methylthienyl groups (mt-fDAE) in the closed-ring isomer has a two-photon absorption cross-section larger than 1000 GM, which was experimentally verified by Z-scan measurements and excitation power dependence in transient absorption. Comparison of transient absorption spectra under one-photon and simultaneous two-photon excitation conditions revealed that the closed-ring isomer of mt-fDAE populated into higher excited states deactivates following three pathways on a timescale of ca. 200 fs: (i) the cycloreversion reaction more efficient than that by the one-photon process, (ii) internal conversion into the S1 state, and (iii) relaxation into a lower state (S1' state) different from the S1 state. Time-resolved fluorescence measurements demonstrated that this S1' state is relaxed to the S1 state with the large emission probability. These findings obtained in the present work contribute to extension of the ON-OFF switching capability of fDAE to the biological window and application to super-resolution fluorescence imaging in a two-photon manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Sotome
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan.
| | - Tatsuhiro Nagasaka
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Konishi
- Nanomaterials Research Institute (NMRI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ikeda, Osaka, 563-5877, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1330, Japan
| | - Kenji Kamada
- Nanomaterials Research Institute (NMRI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ikeda, Osaka, 563-5877, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1330, Japan
| | - Masakazu Morimoto
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Smart Molecules, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-Ku, Tokyo, 171-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Irie
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Smart Molecules, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-Ku, Tokyo, 171-8501, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Miyasaka
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan.
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14
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Long G, Deng Y, Zhao W, Zhou G, Broer DJ, Feringa BL, Chen J. Photoresponsive Biomimetic Functions by Light-Driven Molecular Motors in Three Dimensionally Printed Liquid Crystal Elastomers. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13894-13902. [PMID: 38728606 PMCID: PMC11117400 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Despite the fascinating developments in design and synthesis of artificial molecular machines operating at the nanoscales, translating molecular motion along multiple length scales and inducing mechanical motion of a three-dimensional macroscopic entity remains an important challenge. The key to addressing this amplification of motion relies on the effective organization of molecular machines in a well-defined environment. By taking advantage of long-range orientational order and hierarchical structures of liquid crystals and unidirectional rotation of light-driven molecular motors, we report here photoresponsive biomimetic functions of liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) by the repetitive unidirectional rotation of molecular motors using 3D printing. Molecular motors were built in the main chain of liquid crystals oligomers to serve as photoactuators. The oligomers were then used as the ink, and liquid crystal elastomers with different morphologies were printed. The obtained LCEs are able to conduct multiple types of motions including bending, helical coiling, closing of petals, and flipping of wings of a butterfly upon UV illumination, which paves the way for future design of responsive materials with enhanced complex actuating functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiying Long
- SCNU-UG
International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays,
National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Yanping Deng
- SCNU-UG
International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays,
National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- SCNU-TUE
Joint lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology
& Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy
of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China
Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- SCNU-UG
International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays,
National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- SCNU-TUE
Joint lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology
& Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy
of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China
Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dirk J. Broer
- SCNU-TUE
Joint lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology
& Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy
of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China
Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Stimuli-responsive
Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- SCNU-UG
International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays,
National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Jiawen Chen
- SCNU-UG
International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays,
National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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15
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Morris JJ, Bowen CR, Coulson BA, Eaton M, Raithby PR, Saunders LK, Skelton JM, Wang Q, Warren MR, Zhang Y, Hatcher LE. Exploring Pyroelectricity, Thermal and Photochemical Switching in a Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Crystal by In Situ X-Ray Diffraction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401552. [PMID: 38497693 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The switching behavior of the novel hybrid material (FA)Na[Fe(CN)5(NO)].H2O (1) in response to temperature (T), light irradiation and electric field (E) is studied using in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD). Crystals of 1 display piezoelectricity, pyroelectricity, second and third harmonic generation. XRD shows that the FA+ are disordered at room-temperature, but stepwise cooling from 273-100 K induces gradual ordering, while cooling under an applied field (E=+40 kVcm-1) induces a sudden phase change at 140 K. Structural-dynamics calculations suggest the field pushes the system into a region of the structural potential-energy surface that is otherwise inaccessible, demonstrating that application of T and E offers an effective route to manipulating the crystal chemistry of these materials. Photocrystallography also reveals photoinduced linkage isomerism, which coexists with but is not correlated to other switching behaviors. These experiments highlight a new approach to in situ studies of hybrid materials, providing insight into the structure-property relationships that underpin their functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Morris
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 AT, UK
| | - Chris R Bowen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Ben A Coulson
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 AT, UK
| | - Mark Eaton
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University Queen's Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK
| | - Paul R Raithby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Lucy K Saunders
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Ave, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Jonathan M Skelton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Qingping Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Mark R Warren
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Ave, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Lauren E Hatcher
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 AT, UK
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16
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Nakagawa T, Kato R, Iiyoshi Y, Furuya M, Kitano T, Nakamura R, Yokoyama Y, Ubukata T. A chiral photoswitch based on enantiospecific interconversion between binaphthyl and helicenoid skeletons. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5149-5152. [PMID: 38591265 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00364k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
A novel chiral photoswitch composed of a binaphthyl unit and a hexafluorocyclopentene ring has been synthesized. This chiral photoswitch exhibited thermally reversible photochromism between the binaphthyl and helicenoid forms based on 6π-electrocyclization. The helicity of the binaphthyl moiety was reversed upon stereospecific photocyclization and reverted back during the thermal ring opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Nakagawa
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan.
| | - Ryuji Kato
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan.
| | - Yuichi Iiyoshi
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan.
| | - Masaki Furuya
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan.
| | - Tomoki Kitano
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan.
| | - Ryo Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan.
| | - Yasushi Yokoyama
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan.
| | - Takashi Ubukata
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan.
- Typhoon Science and Technology Research Center (TRC), Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences (IMS), Yokohama National University, 79-5, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
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17
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Zakrzewski J, Liberka M, Wang J, Chorazy S, Ohkoshi SI. Optical Phenomena in Molecule-Based Magnetic Materials. Chem Rev 2024; 124:5930-6050. [PMID: 38687182 PMCID: PMC11082909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Since the last century, we have witnessed the development of molecular magnetism which deals with magnetic materials based on molecular species, i.e., organic radicals and metal complexes. Among them, the broadest attention was devoted to molecule-based ferro-/ferrimagnets, spin transition materials, including those exploring electron transfer, molecular nanomagnets, such as single-molecule magnets (SMMs), molecular qubits, and stimuli-responsive magnetic materials. Their physical properties open the application horizons in sensors, data storage, spintronics, and quantum computation. It was found that various optical phenomena, such as thermochromism, photoswitching of magnetic and optical characteristics, luminescence, nonlinear optical and chiroptical effects, as well as optical responsivity to external stimuli, can be implemented into molecule-based magnetic materials. Moreover, the fruitful interactions of these optical effects with magnetism in molecule-based materials can provide new physical cross-effects and multifunctionality, enriching the applications in optical, electronic, and magnetic devices. This Review aims to show the scope of optical phenomena generated in molecule-based magnetic materials, including the recent advances in such areas as high-temperature photomagnetism, optical thermometry utilizing SMMs, optical addressability of molecular qubits, magneto-chiral dichroism, and opto-magneto-electric multifunctionality. These findings are discussed in the context of the types of optical phenomena accessible for various classes of molecule-based magnetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub
J. Zakrzewski
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral
School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian
University, Lojasiewicza
11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Michal Liberka
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral
School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian
University, Lojasiewicza
11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Junhao Wang
- Department
of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tonnodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Szymon Chorazy
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Shin-ichi Ohkoshi
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, The University
of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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18
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Xu F, Sheng J, Stindt CN, Crespi S, Danowski W, Hilbers MF, Buma WJ, Feringa BL. All-visible-light-driven stiff-stilbene photoswitches. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6763-6769. [PMID: 38725493 PMCID: PMC11077541 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00983e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular photoswitches are potent tools to construct dynamic functional systems and responsive materials that can be controlled in a non-invasive manner. As P-type photoswitches, stiff-stilbenes attract increasing interest, owing to their superiority in quantum yield, significant geometric differences between isomers, excellent thermostability and robust switching behavior. Nevertheless, the UV-light-triggered photoisomerization of stiff-stilbenes has been a main drawback for decades as UV light is potentially harmful and has low penetration depth. Here, we provided a series of para-formylated stiff-stilbenes by Rieche ortho-formylation to achieve all-visible-light-responsiveness. Additional phenolic groups provide access to late-stage chemical modification facilitating design of molecules responsive to visible light. Remarkably, the photoisomerization of aldehyde-appended stiff-stilbenes could be fully manipulated using visible light, accompanied by a high photostationary state (PSS) distribution. These features render them excellent candidates for future visible-light-controllable smart materials and dynamic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xu
- Center for System Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Jinyu Sheng
- Center for System Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte N Stindt
- Center for System Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Crespi
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University Box 523 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Wojciech Danowski
- University of Strasbourg CNRS ISIS UMR 7006, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge Strasbourg F-67000 France
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Michiel F Hilbers
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Wybren Jan Buma
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University Toernooiveld 7c, 6525 ED Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Center for System Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
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19
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Rogacz K, Magott M, Baś S, Foltyn M, Rams M, Pinkowicz D. A photochromic trinuclear dysprosium(iii) single-molecule magnet with two distinct relaxation processes. RSC Adv 2024; 14:14515-14522. [PMID: 38708114 PMCID: PMC11064518 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01645a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional molecules responsive to light are highly desired as components for the construction of remotely controlled nanodevices. Here we present a DyIII single molecule magnet (SMM) comprising dithienylethene (dte) photochromic bridging ligands in the form of a pyridine (py) derivative: 1,2-bis((2-methyl-5-pyridyl)thie-3-yl)perfluorocyclo-pentene (dtepy). The title trinuclear compound {[DyIII(BHT)3]3(dtepy)2}·4C5H12 (1) was synthesized by combining the low-coordinate dysprosium complexes DyIII(BHT)3 (BHT = 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenolate) with dtepy bridging ligands in the 'open' form using n-pentane as a completely inert solvent. The trinuclear molecule comprises two different DyIII centers due to its quasi-linear geometry: a central trigonal bipyramidal DyIII ion and two peripheral ones with an approximate trigonal pyramidal geometry. Thanks to that, 1 shows two types of SMM behavior which is slightly affected by the photoisomerization of the photochromic dtepy bridges. The impact of the photoisomerization on the magnetization dynamics was studied by means of alternating current (AC) magnetic susceptibility measurements for the 'open' and 'closed' forms of the molecules. The changes between the 'open' and 'closed' isomers were further investigated by IR and UV-vis spectroscopy, suggesting the co-existence of the ligand-related photochromism and single-molecule magnet behavior in 1. However, the powder X-ray diffraction studies indicate loss of structural order in the first photoisomerization step preventing in-depth studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Rogacz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Gronostajowa 2 30-387 Kraków Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University Łojasiewicza 11 30-348 Kraków Poland
| | - Michał Magott
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Gronostajowa 2 30-387 Kraków Poland
| | - Sebastian Baś
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Gronostajowa 2 30-387 Kraków Poland
| | - Magdalena Foltyn
- Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University Łojasiewicza 11 30-348 Kraków Poland
| | - Michał Rams
- Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University Łojasiewicza 11 30-348 Kraków Poland
| | - Dawid Pinkowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Gronostajowa 2 30-387 Kraków Poland
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20
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Martyka M, Jankowska J. New insights into the photocyclization reaction of a popular diarylethene switch: a nonadiabatic molecular dynamics study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:13383-13394. [PMID: 38646878 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp06256b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Diarylethene (DAE) molecular switches have continued to attract the attention of researchers for over 20 years. Their remarkable photophysical properties endow them with countless applications in photonics and molecular technologies. However, despite extensive experimental and theoretical research, the mechanism of DAE photoswitching is not yet fully rationalized. In this work, we investigate the ring closure dynamics of a popular DAE switch, 1,2-bis(3-methyl-5-phenyl-2 thienyl)perfluorocyclopentene (PT), using nonadiabatic molecular dynamics (NAMD) simulations. Employing the fewest switches surface hopping protocol, along with the semi-empirical multireference ODM2/MRCI-SD method, we investigate possible reaction pathways for this photoprocess, as well as their timescales and resulting photoproducts. Furthermore, using a dynamic configuration-space sampling procedure, we elucidate the role of triplet states in the photocyclization of PT, supporting available experimental data for the closely related DMPT molecule, which indicate an ultrafast intersystem crossing (ISC) transition competing with the singlet-driven photoswitching reaction. Our findings not only corroborate experimental studies on DAE switches, but also provide new mechanistic insights into the potential use in the rational design of DAE switches tailored for specific technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikołaj Martyka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland.
- Interdisciplinary Doctoral School, University of Warsaw, Dobra 56/66, Warsaw, 00-312, Poland
| | - Joanna Jankowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland.
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21
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Zhong W, Shang L. Photoswitching the fluorescence of nanoparticles for advanced optical applications. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6218-6228. [PMID: 38699274 PMCID: PMC11062085 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00114a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The dynamic optical response properties and the distinct features of nanomaterials make photoswitchable fluorescent nanoparticles (PF NPs) attractive candidates for advanced optical applications. Over the past few decades, the design of PF NPs by coupling photochromic and fluorescent motifs at the nanoscale has been actively pursued, and substantial efforts have been made to exploit their potential applications. In this perspective, we critically summarize various design principles for fabricating these PF NPs. Then, we discuss their distinct optical properties from different aspects by highlighting the capability of NPs in fabricating new, robust photoswitch systems. Afterwards, we introduce the pivotal role of PF NPs in advanced optical applications, including sensing, anti-counterfeiting and imaging. Finally, current challenges and future development of PF NPs are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Li Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) Xi'an 710072 China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen Shenzhen 518057 China
- Chongqing Science and Technology Innovation Center of Northwestern Polytechnical University Chongqing 401135 China
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22
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Sherstiuk A, Lledós A, Lönnecke P, Hernando J, Sebastián RM, Hey-Hawkins E. Dithienylethene-Based Photoswitchable Phosphines for the Palladium-Catalyzed Stille Coupling Reaction. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:7652-7664. [PMID: 38624066 PMCID: PMC11061837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Homogeneous transition metal catalysis is a constantly developing field in chemical sciences. A growing interest in this area is photoswitchable catalysis, which pursues in situ modulation of catalyst activity through noninvasive light irradiation. Phosphorus ligands are excellent targets to accomplish this goal by introducing photoswitchable moieties; however, only a limited number of examples have been reported so far. In this work, we have developed a series of palladium complexes capable of catalyzing the Stille coupling reaction that contain photoisomerizable phosphine ligands based on dithienylethene switches. Incorporation of electron-withdrawing substituents into these dithienylethene moieties allows variation of the electron density on the phosphorus atom of the ligands upon light irradiation, which in turn leads to a modulation of the catalytic properties of the formed complexes and their activity in a model Stille coupling reaction. These results are supported by theoretical computations, which show that the energy barriers for the rate-determining steps of the catalytic cycle decrease when the photoswitchable phosphine ligands are converted to their closed state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Sherstiuk
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agustí Lledós
- Department
of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter Lönnecke
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jordi Hernando
- Department
of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa María Sebastián
- Department
of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona,Spain
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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23
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Hu XY, Cheng XL, Azam M, Liu FL, Sun D. Guest-Induced Reversible Single-Crystal-to-Single-Crystal Transformation Involving Displacement of 2D Layers and Spin Crossover Behavior Change in a Hofmann-Type Coordination Polymer. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:7746-7753. [PMID: 38609344 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
A novel two-dimensional (2D) Hofmann-type coordination polymer, {FeII(PyHbim)2[Pd(CN)4]}·2CH3OH [1·2CH3OH, PyHbim = 2-(4-pyridyl)benzimidazole], has been synthesized, which can undergo a spontaneous guest exchange, transforming to 1·2H2O in a single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) manner, shifting from orthorhombic Cmmm to monoclinic C2/m involving the displacement of 2D layers. The solvent-induced SCSC transformation process was reversible and verified through powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and single-crystal X-ray crystallography analyses. Both 1·2CH3OH and 1·2H2O exhibit complete and abrupt spin crossover (SCO) behaviors in two steps, while their SCO temperature ranges drastically shift by ca.100 K, spanning room temperature, owing to different intermolecular interactions resulting from diverse interlayer packing manners and host-guest interactions. Besides, a structural phase transition is observed in 1·2CH3OH, contributing to the two-step spin transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yang Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Long Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, People's Republic of China
| | - Mohammad Azam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, PO BOX 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fu-Ling Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
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24
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Sheng J, Danowski W, Sardjan AS, Hou J, Crespi S, Ryabchun A, Domínguez MP, Jan Buma W, Browne WR, Feringa BL. Formylation boosts the performance of light-driven overcrowded alkene-derived rotary molecular motors. Nat Chem 2024:10.1038/s41557-024-01521-0. [PMID: 38671301 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01521-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Artificial molecular motors and machines constitute a critical element in the transition from individual molecular motion to the creation of collective dynamic molecular systems and responsive materials. The design of artificial light-driven molecular motors operating with high efficiency and selectivity constitutes an ongoing fundamental challenge. Here we present a highly versatile synthetic approach based on Rieche formylation that boosts the quantum yield of the forward photoisomerization reaction while reaching near-perfect selectivity in the steps involved in the unidirectional rotary cycle and drastically reducing competing photoreactions. This motor is readily accessible in its enantiopure form and operates with nearly quantitative photoconversions. It can easily be functionalized further and outperforms its direct predecessor as a reconfigurable chiral dopant in cholesteric liquid crystal materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Sheng
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wojciech Danowski
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Supramolecular Science and Engineering (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andy S Sardjan
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jiaxin Hou
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Crespi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alexander Ryabchun
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Wybren Jan Buma
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wesley R Browne
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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25
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Medhi B, Nath U, Sarma M. Revisiting fulgide photochromism: Mechanistic decoding and electron transport from computational exploration. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:154308. [PMID: 38634497 DOI: 10.1063/5.0203307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The photochromic behavior of the fulgide molecule relies on ring-closure and ring-opening processes involving conical intersections during excited state transformation between isomers. The precise location and topography of these conical intersections significantly shape the decay process and fluorescence phenomena inherent to the molecule. This work combines electronic structure theory calculations using the density functional theory and wavefunction methods, as well as surface hopping simulation to analyze the photochemical behavior of an experimentally synthesized fulgide molecule, (E)-p-methylacetophenylisopropylidenesuccinic anhydride (1E). Our study reveals the conical intersection between the first excited state (S1) and the ground electronic state (S0), which emerges beyond the S1 minimum of 1E to the ring-closing side. The distinctive topography of this conical intersection appears to be sloped. These findings suggest a reduced quantum yield for the formation of the closed isomer, indicating a higher likelihood of reformation of the open isomer(s). The surface hopping simulation further supports this observation, revealing a mere ∼8% quantum yield for the formation of the closed isomer. In addition, the photoisomerization of the fulgide molecule initiates a cascade of conduction switching and holds great potential for applications in molecular electronics. Delving into the realm of molecular electronics, we have further examined the electron transport properties, disclosing the higher conductivity of the closed isomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biman Medhi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Upasana Nath
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Manabendra Sarma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
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26
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Wang W, Yang W, Zhang Z, Dai J, Xu Y, Zhang J. Amplifying dual-visible-light photoswitching in aqueous media via confinement promoted triplet-triplet energy transfer. Chem Sci 2024; 15:5539-5547. [PMID: 38638239 PMCID: PMC11023046 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00423j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Achieving visible-light photochromism is a long-term goal of chemists keen to exploit the opportunities of molecular photoswitches in multi-disciplinary research studies. Triplet-sensitization offers a flexible approach to building diverse visible-light photoswitches using existing photochromic scaffolds, circumventing the need for sophisticated molecular design and synthesis. Unfortunately, distance-dependence and environment-sensitivity of triplet-excited species remain as key challenges that severely impair sensitization efficiency and limit their practical availability. We present herein a nature-inspired nanoconfinement strategy in which a triplet-sensitized visible-light photoswitch/sensitizer system is assembled into nanoconfined micelles (d ∼ 40 nm). A ca. 10-fold efficiency increase of triplet-triplet energy transfer for photochromism as well as an amplified fluorescence on/off contrast upon bi-directional visible-light excitation (470/560 nm) was achieved in full aqueous media. By virtue of this, the hybrid photoswitchable system is successfully applied for both flash information encryption and multiple dynamic cell imaging assays, further proving its versatility in materials and life science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Weixin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Jinghong Dai
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Yisheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Junji Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
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27
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Das S, Catalano L, Geerts Y. Gas Release as an Efficient Strategy to Tune Mechanical Properties and Thermoresponsiveness of Dynamic Molecular Crystals. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401317. [PMID: 38624188 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Dynamic molecular crystals combining multiple and finely tunable functionalities are attracting and an increasing attention due to their potential applications in a broad range of fields as efficient energy transducers and stimuli-responsive materials. In this context, a multicomponent organic salt, piperazinium trifluoroacetate (PZTFA), endowed with an unusual multidimensional responsive landscape is reported. Crystals of the salt undergo smooth plastic deformation under mechanical stress and thermo-induced jumping. Furthermore, via controlled crystal bending and release of trifluoroacetic acid from the lattice, which is anticipated from the design of the material, both the mechanical response and the thermoresponsive behavior are efficiently tuned while partially preserving the crystallinity of the system. In particular, mechanical deformation hampers guest release and hence the macroscopic jumping effect, while trifluoroacetic acid release stiffens the crystals. These complex adaptive responses establish a new crystal engineering strategy to gain further control over dynamic organic crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susobhan Das
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Luca Catalano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, 41125, Italy
| | - Yves Geerts
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, 1050, Belgium
- International Solvay Institutes of Physics and Chemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, 1050, Belgium
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28
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Shah SJ, Singh A, Goswami D, Ishida M, Rath SP. Reversible open-closed conformational switching of nano-size metalloporphyrin dimers triggered by light and temperature. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:6758-6765. [PMID: 38533553 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00223g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The current work demonstrates the reversible control of substantial molecular motion in 'nano-sized' molecules, where two structural isomers can 'open' and 'close' their cavities in response to light or heat. The isomers differ widely in their photophysical properties, including colour, polarity, two-photon absorption and π-conjugation, and can easily be separated through column chromatography and thus have wide applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Jehanger Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India.
| | - Ajitesh Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India.
| | - Debabrata Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India.
| | - Masatoshi Ishida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Sankar Prasad Rath
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India.
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29
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Das S, Bar M, Ganguly T, Baitalik S. Control of Photoisomerization Kinetics via Multistage Switching in Bimetallic Ru(II)-Terpyridine Complexes. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:6600-6615. [PMID: 38557011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we carried out detailed experimental and theoretical investigation on photophysical, electrochemical, and photoisomerization behaviors of a new array of luminescent binuclear Ru(II) complexes derived from a phenylene-vinylene-substituted terpyridyl ligand possessing RT lifetimes within 60.3-410.5 ns. The complexes experienced trans-to-cis isomerization in MeCN on irradiation with visible light, accompanied by significant changes in their absorption and emission spectral profiles. The reverse cis-to-trans process is also possible with the use of ultraviolet (UV) light. On conversion from trans to cis isomers, the emission intensity increases substantially, while for the reverse process, luminescence quenching occurs. Thus, "off-on" and "on-off" emission switching is facilitated upon treatment with visible and UV light alternatively. By the use of chemical oxidants (ceric ammonium nitrate and potassium permanganate) and reductants (metallic sodium) as well as light of appropriate wavelengths, multistate switching phenomena involving reversible oxidation-reduction and trans-cis isomerization have been achieved. Interestingly, the rate of this multistate photoswitching process becomes much faster compared to only two-state trans-cis isomerization of these complexes. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent-DFT (TD-DFT) calculations are also performed to obtain a clear picture of the electronic environment of the complexes and also for the appropriate assignment of absorption and emission spectral bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumi Das
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Manoranjan Bar
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Tanusree Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sujoy Baitalik
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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30
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Lu H, Ye H, You L. Photoswitchable Cascades for Allosteric and Bidirectional Control over Covalent Bonds and Assemblies. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38620077 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Studies of complex systems and emerging properties to mimic biosystems are at the forefront of chemical research. Dynamic multistep cascades, especially those exhibiting allosteric regulation, are challenging. Herein, we demonstrate a versatile platform of photoswitchable covalent cascades toward remote and bidirectional control of reversible covalent bonds and ensuing assemblies. The relay of a photochromic switch, keto-enol equilibrium, and ring-chain equilibrium allows light-mediated reversible allosteric structural changes. The accompanying distinct reactivity further enables photoswitchable dynamic covalent bonding and release of substrates bidirectionally through alternating two wavelengths of light, essentially realizing light-mediated signaling cycles. The downfall of energy by covalent bond formation/scission upon photochemical reactions offers the driving force for the controlled direction of the cascade. To show the molecular diversity, photoswitchable on-demand assembly/disassembly of covalent polymers, including structurally reconfigurable polymers, was realized. This work achieves photoswitchable allosteric regulation of covalent architectures within dynamic multistep cascades, which has rarely been reported before. The results resemble allosteric control within biological signaling networks and should set the stage for many endeavors, such as dynamic assemblies, molecular motors, responsive polymers, and intelligent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hebo Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lei You
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, China
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31
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Sacherer M, Gracheva S, Maid H, Placht C, Hampel F, Dube H. Reversible C═N Bond Formation Controls Charge-Separation in an Aza-Diarylethene Photoswitch. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9575-9582. [PMID: 38536769 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Diarylethenes belong to the most eminent photoswitches and have been studied for many decades. They are found in virtually every field of application and have become highly valuable molecular tools for instilling light-responsiveness into materials, catalysts, biological systems, or pharmacology. In this work, we present a novel and distinct type of pyrimidine-based aza-diarylethene, which undergoes a highly unusual zwitterion-forming photoreaction. During this fully reversible process, a CN double bond is established under concomitant aromatization and thiophene-ring opening. The metastable zwitterion thus possesses a positively charged extended aromatic structure and an independent conjugated thiolate function. It can further photoisomerize between a more stable Z and a less stable E isomer, resulting in effective four-state photoswitching. Unusual for diarylethenes, the metastable isomers show negative solvatochromism and red-shifted absorption in apolar solvents. With this behavior, aza-diarylethenes effectively bridge the properties of merocyanines and diarylethenes. Thermal stability of the zwitterions can be modulated from very labile to highly stable behavior in response to pH, again in a fully reversible manner. Pyrimidine-based aza-diarylethene thus establishes a unique photoreaction mechanism for diarylethenes, allowing control of charge separation, thermal stability, and color generation in a different way than hitherto possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Sacherer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Sofia Gracheva
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Harald Maid
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Christian Placht
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Henry Dube
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, Erlangen 91058, Germany
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32
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Lee I, Melton SR, Xu D, Delor M. Controlling Molecular Photoisomerization in Photonic Cavities through Polariton Funneling. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9544-9553. [PMID: 38530932 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Strong coupling between photonic modes and molecular electronic excitations, creating hybrid light-matter states called polaritons, is an attractive avenue for controlling chemical reactions. Nevertheless, experimental demonstrations of polariton-modified chemical reactions remain sparse. Here, we demonstrate modified photoisomerization kinetics of merocyanine and diarylethene by coupling the reactant's optical transition with photonic microcavity modes. We leverage broadband Fourier-plane optical microscopy to noninvasively and rapidly monitor photoisomerization within microcavities, enabling systematic investigation of chemical kinetics for different cavity-exciton detunings and photoexcitation conditions. We demonstrate three distinct effects of cavity coupling: first, a renormalization of the photonic density of states, akin to a Purcell effect, leads to enhanced absorption and isomerization rates at certain wavelengths, notably red-shifting the onset of photoisomerization. This effect is present under both strong and weak light-matter couplings. Second, kinetic competition between polariton localization into reactive molecular states and cavity losses leads to a suppression of the photoisomerization yield. Finally, our key result is that in reaction mixtures with multiple reactant isomers, exhibiting partially overlapping optical transitions and distinct isomerization pathways, the cavity resonance can be tuned to funnel photoexcitations into specific reactant isomers. Thus, upon decoherence, polaritons localize into a chosen isomer, selectively triggering the latter's photoisomerization despite initially being delocalized across all isomers. This result suggests that careful tuning of the cavity resonance is a promising avenue to steer chemical reactions and enhance product selectivity in reaction mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inki Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Sarah R Melton
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Ding Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Milan Delor
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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33
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Hashimoto Y, Hase A, Shiromae R, Nishimura R, Morimoto M, Hattori Y, Mayama H, Yokojima S, Nakamura S, Uchida K. Straightforward Fabrication of Double Roughness Structures on a Microcrystalline Film of a Diarylethene Derivative. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:7661-7668. [PMID: 38535724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Double roughness structure mimicking the surface of a lotus leaf was prepared using a newly synthesized diarylethene having a six-membered perfluorocyclohexene ring. The cubic-shaped crystals of the open-ring isomer, with sizes of approximately 7 μm, appeared immediately following solution casting. Upon UV irradiation, each cubic crystal was covered with needle-shaped crystals of the closed-ring isomer to form double roughness structures within 1 h. This structure could bear the continuous impact of water droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hashimoto
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Ryukoku University, Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-2194, Japan
| | - Amane Hase
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Ryukoku University, Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-2194, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Shiromae
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Ryukoku University, Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-2194, Japan
| | - Ryo Nishimura
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Smart Molecules, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Masakazu Morimoto
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Smart Molecules, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Yohei Hattori
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Ryukoku University, Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-2194, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mayama
- Department of Chemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-higashi, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yokojima
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Nakamura
- Priority Organization for Innovation and Excellence Laboratory for Data Science, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1, Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Kingo Uchida
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Ryukoku University, Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-2194, Japan
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34
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Goual N, Maisonneuve S, Retailleau P, Xie J, Marinetti A, Voituriez A. Synthesis and Characterization of a [1,2,6]Diazaphosphonine Oxide: An Example of a Photoswitchable Phosphorus-Containing Cyclic Azobenzene. J Org Chem 2024; 89:5098-5103. [PMID: 38452258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
We report herein the synthesis and characterization of a phosphorus-containing cyclic azobenzene as a new photoswitchable scaffold. This backbone reveals high bidirectional photoswitching yields and high thermal stability for both isomers, with t1/2 > 90 days at 60 °C. Both E- and Z-isomers have been characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawel Goual
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université Paris-Saclay, UPR 2301, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Stéphane Maisonneuve
- ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, PPSM, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université Paris-Saclay, UPR 2301, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Juan Xie
- ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, PPSM, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Angela Marinetti
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université Paris-Saclay, UPR 2301, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Arnaud Voituriez
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université Paris-Saclay, UPR 2301, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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35
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Hashim PK, Sahu S, Takahashi K, Thazhathethil S, Nakamura T, Tamaoki N. Geometry-Induced Oligomerization of Fluorine-Substituted Phenylazothiazole Photoswitches. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400047. [PMID: 38278760 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Photoswitches are molecules that can absorb light of specific wavelengths and undergo a reversible transformation between their trans and cis isomeric forms. In phenylazo photoswitches, it is common for the less stable cis (Z) isomer to convert back to the more stable trans (E) isomer either through photochemical or thermal means. In this research, we designed new derivatives of phenylazothiazole (PAT) photoswitches, PAT-Fn, which feature fluorine substituents on their phenyl component. These derivatives can reversibly isomerize under visible light exposure with the enrichment of E and Z isomers at photostationary state (PSS). Surprisingly, we observed an unconventional phenomenon when these PAT-Fn (n≧2) photoswitches were in their cis isomeric state in the absence of light. Instead of the anticipated transformation from cis to trans isomer, these compounds converted to an oligomeric compound. Our detailed experimental investigation and theoretical calculations, indicated the crucial role of fluorine substituents and the distinctive geometric arrangement of the cis isomer in driving the unexpected oligomerization process originating from the cis isomeric state.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Hashim
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 20, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0020, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Saugata Sahu
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 20, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Kiyonori Takahashi
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 20, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0020, Japan
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Shakkeeb Thazhathethil
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Nakamura
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 20, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0020, Japan
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tamaoki
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 20, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0020, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
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36
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Sherstiuk A, Villabona M, Lledós A, Hernando J, Sebastián RM, Hey-Hawkins E. Amplified photomodulation of a bis(dithienylethene)-substituted phosphine. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:6190-6199. [PMID: 38441242 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04246d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Phosphine ligands play a crucial role in homogeneous catalysis, allowing fine-tuning of the catalytic activity of various metals by modifying their structure. An ultimate challenge in this field is to reach controlled modulation of catalysis in situ, for which the development of phosphines capable of photoswitching between states with differential electronic properties has been proposed. To magnify this light-induced behavior, in this work we describe a novel phosphine ligand incorporating two dithienylethene photoswitchable moieties tethered to the same phosphorus atom. Double photoisomerization was observed for this ligand, which remains unhindered upon gold(I) complexation. As a result, the preparation of a fully ring-closed phosphine isomer was accomplished, for which amplified variation of phosphorus electron density was verified both experimentally and by computational calculations. Accordingly, the presented molecular design based on multiphotochromic phosphines could open new ways for preparing enhanced photoswitchable catalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Sherstiuk
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marc Villabona
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Agustí Lledós
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jordi Hernando
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rosa María Sebastián
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Copko J, Slanina T. Multiplicity-driven photochromism controls three-state fulgimide photoswitches. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:3774-3777. [PMID: 38465938 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05975h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Fulgimide photoswitches display three-state photoswitching between isomeric forms Z, E and C. Fulgimides have therefore access to both large steric change of double bond isomerization and the large spectral change induced by electrocyclization. By controlling the multiplicity and photoisomerization conditions, we achieved precise and near-quantitative control over both isomerization modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Copko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 542/2, Prague 6, 160 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomáš Slanina
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 542/2, Prague 6, 160 00, Czech Republic.
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38
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Chen Q, Tang B, Ye K, Zhang H. Elastic Organic Crystals Exhibiting Amplified Spontaneous Emission Waveguides with Standard Red Chromaticity of the Rec.2020 Gamut. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311762. [PMID: 38215287 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The use of mechanically flexible molecular crystals as optical transuding media is demonstrated for a plethora of applications; however, the spectral peaks of optical outputs located mainly in the range of 400-600 nm are insufficient for practical telecommunication and full-color display applications. Herein, two elastically bendable organic crystals are reported that show red emission of the rec.709 gamut under 365 nm UV light irradiation yet generate rec.2020 gamut red optical waveguides and amplified spontaneous emissions when irradiated by a 355 nm laser. Capitalizing on the extended π-conjugation and donor-acceptor character, as well as mechanical elasticity, these organic crystals exhibit flexible optical waveguides with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.70, 0.29), nearly identical to the red chromaticity of the rec.2020 gamut required for ultrahigh-definition (UHD) displays. Notably, one of the elastic crystals functions as a soft resonance cavity, resulting in amplified spontaneous emission waveguides with CIE coordinates of (0.71, 0.29) and the standard red chromaticity of the rec.2020 gamut, both in straight and bent states. This study presents a new avenue for the development of high-purity red-emissive crystalline materials to create all-organic, lightweight, and mechanically compliant optical telecommunication and UHD display devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanliang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Baolei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Kaiqi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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39
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Priyanka U, Paul A, Mondal T. Vibronic coupling and ultrafast relaxation dynamics in the first five excited singlet electronic states of bithiophene. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:124301. [PMID: 38516970 DOI: 10.1063/5.0196565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The vibronic structure and nuclear dynamics in the first five excited singlet electronic states of bithiophene (2T) are investigated here. Specifically, considerations are given to comprehend the first two structureless and broad electronic absorption bands and the role of nonadiabatic coupling in the excited state relaxation mechanism of 2T in the gas phase. Associated potential energy surfaces (PESs) are established by constructing a model vibronic coupling Hamiltonian using 18 vibrational degrees of freedom and extensive ab initio electronic structure calculations. The topographies of these PESs are critically examined, and multiple conical intersections are established. The nuclear dynamics calculations are performed by propagating wave packets on the coupled electronic manifold. The present theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental observations. It is found that strong nonadiabatic coupling between the S1-S4 and S1-S5 states along totally symmetric modes is predominantly responsible for the structureless and broad first absorption band, and overlapping S2, S3, S4, and S5 states form the second absorption band. Photorelaxation from the highly excited S5 to the lowest S1 state takes place through a cascade of diabatic population transfers among the S1-S4-S5 electronic manifold within the first ∼100 fs. Totally symmetric C=C stretching, C-S stretching, C-H wagging, ring puckering, and inter-ring bending modes collectively drive such relaxation dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Priyanka
- Department of Engineering Chemistry, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Hyderabad 500 075, India
| | - Aishwarya Paul
- Department of Engineering Chemistry, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Hyderabad 500 075, India
| | - T Mondal
- Department of Engineering Chemistry, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Hyderabad 500 075, India
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40
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Yang Y, Bai X, Hu F. Photoswitchable polyynes for multiplexed stimulated Raman scattering microscopy with reversible light control. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2578. [PMID: 38519503 PMCID: PMC10959996 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46904-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Optical imaging with photo-controllable probes has greatly advanced biological research. With superb chemical specificity of vibrational spectroscopy, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy is particularly promising for super-multiplexed optical imaging with rich chemical information. Functional SRS imaging in response to light has been recently demonstrated, but multiplexed SRS imaging with reversible photocontrol remains unaccomplished. Here, we create a multiplexing palette of photoswitchable polyynes with 16 Raman frequencies by coupling asymmetric diarylethene with super-multiplexed Carbow (Carbow-switch). Through optimization of both electronic and vibrational spectroscopy, Carbow-switch displays excellent photoswitching properties under visible light control and SRS response with large frequency change and signal enhancement. Reversible and spatial-selective multiplexed SRS imaging of different organelles are demonstrated in living cells. We further achieve photo-selective time-lapse imaging of organelle dynamics during oxidative stress and protein phase separation. The development of Carbow-switch for photoswitchable SRS microscopy will open up new avenues to study complex interactions and dynamics in living cells with high spatiotemporal precision and multiplexing capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueli Yang
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyang Bai
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Fanghao Hu
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
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41
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Wang B, Lu Y. Collective Molecular Machines: Multidimensionality and Reconfigurability. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:155. [PMID: 38499833 PMCID: PMC10948734 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01379-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Molecular machines are key to cellular activity where they are involved in converting chemical and light energy into efficient mechanical work. During the last 60 years, designing molecular structures capable of generating unidirectional mechanical motion at the nanoscale has been the topic of intense research. Effective progress has been made, attributed to advances in various fields such as supramolecular chemistry, biology and nanotechnology, and informatics. However, individual molecular machines are only capable of producing nanometer work and generally have only a single functionality. In order to address these problems, collective behaviors realized by integrating several or more of these individual mechanical units in space and time have become a new paradigm. In this review, we comprehensively discuss recent developments in the collective behaviors of molecular machines. In particular, collective behavior is divided into two paradigms. One is the appropriate integration of molecular machines to efficiently amplify molecular motions and deformations to construct novel functional materials. The other is the construction of swarming modes at the supramolecular level to perform nanoscale or microscale operations. We discuss design strategies for both modes and focus on the modulation of features and properties. Subsequently, in order to address existing challenges, the idea of transferring experience gained in the field of micro/nano robotics is presented, offering prospects for future developments in the collective behavior of molecular machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.
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42
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Wang R, Li M, Li G, Pu S. High-contrast multicolour photoswitching based on dithienylethene Schiff base with a hydrazinylquinoline moiety. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 308:123679. [PMID: 38039644 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
A new asymmetrical photochromic diarylethene DTE-HQo composed of a 2-hydrazinoquinoline moiety as the binding unit for ions and dithenylethene as a photoswitching trigger was reported. DTE-HQo displayed favourable photochromism upon irradiation with UV/vis light. Its fluorescent behaviour could be efficiently modulated by light, Zn2+, Cd2+ and HSO4-. The binding of Zn2+ induced a strong fluorescence peak at 510 nm in DTE-HQo due to the formation of a 1:2 complex [Zn2+ + 2DTE-HQo], resulting in a notable colour change from dark to intense white emission. Triggered by Cd2+, DTE-HQo formed a 1:1 complex [Cd2+ + DTE-HQo], leading to an enhanced emission intensity by 21-fold with an emission peak red-shifted from 461 nm to 514 nm. Unexpectedly, [Zn2+ + 2DTE-HQo] underwent hydrolysis when stimulated with water, generating a yellow-emitting complex [Zn2+ + DTE-HQo]. This color change easily distinguishes it from Cd2+ complex. Additionally, DTE-HQo showed high selectivity towards HSO4- and exhibited distinct "turn-on" fluorescence with a colour change from dark to bright blue upon stimulation. Moreover, the strong emission complexes of DTE-HQo with Zn2+, Cd2+ and HSO4- could be effectively quenched during the photocyclization process. Therefore, DTE-HQo can serve as an unimolecular multicolour photoswitching chemosensor, offering potential applications as a multifunctional probe for detecting Zn2+, Cd2+ and HSO4-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Wang
- Department of Ecology and Environment, Yuzhang Normal University, Nanchang 330031, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China.
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Ecology and Environment, Yuzhang Normal University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Shouzhi Pu
- Department of Ecology and Environment, Yuzhang Normal University, Nanchang 330031, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China.
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43
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Ma X, Wang X, Cui S, Pu S. Construction of a Reversible Solid-state Fluorescence Switching Via Photochromic Diarylethene and Si-ZnO Quantum Dots. J Fluoresc 2024; 34:531-539. [PMID: 37300784 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03279-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Developing fluorescence switching as functional system is highly desirable for potential applications in the fields of light-responsive materials or devices. Attempt to construct fluorescence switching system tend to focus on the high fluorescence modulation efficiency, especially in solid state. Herein, a photo-controlled fluorescence switching system was constructed with photochromic diarylethene and trimethoxysilane modified zinc oxide quantum dots (Si-ZnO QDs) successfully. It was verified by the measurement of modulation efficiency, fatigue resistance as well as theoretical calculation. Upon irradiation with UV/Vis lights, the system exhibited excellent photochromic property and photo-controlled fluorescence switching performance. Furthermore, the excellent fluorescence switching characters could also be realized in solid state and the fluorescence modulation efficiency was determined to be 87.4%. The results will provide new strategies to the construction of reversible solid-state photo-controlled fluorescence switching for the application in the fields of optical data storage and security labels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhuan Ma
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyao Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqiang Cui
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shouzhi Pu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Ecology and Environment, Yuzhang Normal University, Nanchang, 330103, People's Republic of China.
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44
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Deng Y, Long G, Zhang Y, Zhao W, Zhou G, Feringa BL, Chen J. Photo-responsive functional materials based on light-driven molecular motors. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:63. [PMID: 38429259 PMCID: PMC10907585 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01391-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
In the past two decades, the research and development of light-triggered molecular machines have mainly focused on developing molecular devices at the nanoscale. A key scientific issue in the field is how to amplify the controlled motion of molecules at the nanoscale along multiple length scales, such as the mesoscopic or the macroscopic scale, or in a more practical perspective, how to convert molecular motion into changes of properties of a macroscopic material. Light-driven molecular motors are able to perform repetitive unidirectional rotation upon irradiation, which offers unique opportunities for responsive macroscopic systems. With several reviews that focus on the design, synthesis and operation of the motors at the nanoscale, photo-responsive macroscopic materials based on light-driven molecular motors have not been comprehensively summarized. In the present review, we first discuss the strategy of confining absolute molecular rotation into relative rotation by grafting motors on surfaces. Secondly, examples of self-assemble motors in supramolecular polymers with high internal order are illustrated. Moreover, we will focus on building of motors in a covalently linked system such as polymeric gels and polymeric liquid crystals to generate complex responsive functions. Finally, a perspective toward future developments and opportunities is given. This review helps us getting a more and more clear picture and understanding on how complex movement can be programmed in light-responsive systems and how man-made adaptive materials can be invented, which can serve as an important guideline for further design of complex and advanced responsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Deng
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guiying Long
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yang Zhang
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ben L Feringa
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jiawen Chen
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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45
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Msellem P, Dekthiarenko M, Hadj Seyd N, Vives G. Switchable molecular tweezers: design and applications. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:504-539. [PMID: 38440175 PMCID: PMC10910529 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Switchable molecular tweezers are a unique class of molecular switches that, like their macroscopic analogs, exhibit mechanical motion between an open and closed conformation in response to stimuli. Such systems constitute an essential component of artificial molecular machines. This review will present selected examples of switchable molecular tweezers and their potential applications. The first part will be devoted to chemically responsive tweezers, including stimuli such as pH, metal coordination, and anion binding. Then, redox-active and photochemical tweezers will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Msellem
- Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 8232, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Maksym Dekthiarenko
- Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 8232, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Nihal Hadj Seyd
- Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 8232, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Vives
- Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 8232, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
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46
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Tsujioka T, Yamabayashi K, Kotani K. Surface Glass Transition Temperature Region of Diarylethene Films Determined by Nano-Marangoni Effect. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306145. [PMID: 37847904 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
For the last two decades, research has addressed whether the glass transition temperature and the molecular motions on the surface of organic films are significantly different from those inside the bulk glasses. It is reported that the surface of the photochromic diarylethene film prepared by vacuum deposition has fluidity and the vacuum deposition of small amount of rubrene molecules induces surface tension fluctuations, generating dents due to the Marangoni flow in nanoscale. The depth of the dents increases in proportion to these radii for the colorless diarylethene film with a bulk glass transition temperature (Tg) close to room temperature. On the other hand, in the colored diarylethene obtained by UV irradiation to the colorless film, the depth becomes constant at a certain level. The Tg distribution in the depth direction is clarified based on an analysis of the dent depth. By approximating the obtained Tg depth distribution with an exponential function, the outermost surface Tg is about 100 K lower than the bulk Tg in the case of photoisomerized diarylethene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Tsujioka
- Division of Math, Sciences, and Information Technology in Education, Osaka Kyoiku University, 4-698-2, Asahigaoka, Kashiwara, Osaka, 582-8582, Japan
| | - Keishi Yamabayashi
- Division of Math, Sciences, and Information Technology in Education, Osaka Kyoiku University, 4-698-2, Asahigaoka, Kashiwara, Osaka, 582-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuma Kotani
- Division of Math, Sciences, and Information Technology in Education, Osaka Kyoiku University, 4-698-2, Asahigaoka, Kashiwara, Osaka, 582-8582, Japan
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47
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Han D, Yang S, Zhao Q, Zhang L, Wan S, Deng Y, Li W. Ultrafast Response Organic Photoswitch Materials and Their Application in Volumetric 3D Display. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:10916-10923. [PMID: 38373309 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Volumetric three-dimensional (3D) display technology based on static screens is a crucial branch of 3D displays. The essential component in volumetric 3D displays is selectively excitable display media that can generate voxels at any position. Here, we synthesized a series of organic photoswitch materials to meet the specific requirements of 3D display mediums. In these photoswitch solutions, voxels are activated ultrafast within tens of picoseconds at the intersection of two control lasers and faded rapidly within tens of milliseconds when switching light is turned off. An experimental volumetric 3D display system utilizing an organic photoswitch solution as a screen is demonstrated. The system not only achieves a dynamic 3D display but also enables 360° viewing. The volumetric 3D display system can display true 3D images without auxiliary glasses and is expected to be applicable in fields as diverse as virtual reality, medical imaging, architectural design, and military visualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongcheng Han
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230037, China
| | - Shizhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230037, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China
- Anhui Research Center of Generic Technology in New Display Industry, Hefei 230601, China
- Aerial Interactive Imaging Technology and Display Materials Joint Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230601, China
| | | | - Shigang Wan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yan Deng
- School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China
- Anhui Research Center of Generic Technology in New Display Industry, Hefei 230601, China
- Aerial Interactive Imaging Technology and Display Materials Joint Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Wencai Li
- School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China
- Anhui Research Center of Generic Technology in New Display Industry, Hefei 230601, China
- Aerial Interactive Imaging Technology and Display Materials Joint Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230601, China
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48
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Zhang X, Su Z, Zhao Y, Wu D, Wu Y, Li G. Recent advances of nanopore technique in single cell analysis. Analyst 2024; 149:1350-1363. [PMID: 38312056 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01973j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Single cells and their dynamic behavior are closely related to biological research. Monitoring their dynamic behavior is of great significance for disease prevention. How to achieve rapid and non-destructive monitoring of single cells is a major issue that needs to be solved urgently. As an emerging technology, nanopores have been proven to enable non-destructive and label-free detection of single cells. The structural properties of nanopores enable a high degree of sensitivity and accuracy during analysis. In this article, we summarize and classify the different types of solid-state nanopores that can be used for single-cell detection and illustrate their specific applications depending on the size of the analyte. In addition, their research progress in material transport and microenvironment monitoring is also highlighted. Finally, a brief summary of existing research challenges and future trends in nanopore single-cell analysis is tentatively provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Zhuoqun Su
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Di Wu
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Yongning Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Guoliang Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
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49
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Bargstedt J, Reinschmidt M, Tydecks L, Kolmar T, Hendrich CM, Jäschke A. Photochromic Nucleosides and Oligonucleotides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202310797. [PMID: 37966433 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Photochromism is a reversible phenomenon wherein a material undergoes a change in color upon exposure to light. In organic photochromes, this effect often results from light-induced isomerization reactions, leading to alterations in either the spatial orientation or electronic properties of the photochrome. The incorporation of photochromic moieties into biomolecules, such as proteins or nucleic acids, has become a prevalent approach to render these biomolecules responsive to light stimuli. Utilizing light as a trigger for the manipulation of biomolecular structure and function offers numerous advantages compared to other stimuli, such as chemical or electrical treatments, due to its non-invasive nature. Consequently, light proves particularly advantageous in cellular and tissue applications. In this review, we emphasize recent advancements in the field of photochromic nucleosides and oligonucleotides. We provide an overview of the design principles of different classes of photochromes, synthetic strategies, critical analytical challenges, as well as structure-property relationships. The applications of photochromic nucleic acid derivatives encompass diverse domains, ranging from the precise photoregulation of gene expression to the controlled modulation of the three-dimensional structures of oligonucleotides and the development of DNA-based fluorescence modulators. Moreover, we present a future perspective on potential modifications and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Bargstedt
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Reinschmidt
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leon Tydecks
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Theresa Kolmar
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph M Hendrich
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andres Jäschke
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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50
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Schmitt T, Huck C, Oberhof N, Hsu LY, Blasco E, Dreuw A, Tegeder P. Characteristics and long-term kinetics of an azobenzene derivative and a donor-acceptor Stenhouse adduct as orthogonal photoswitches. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:7190-7202. [PMID: 38349743 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05786k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Light-triggered molecular switches are extensively researched for their applications in medicine, chemistry and material science and, if combined, particularly for their use in multifunctional smart materials, for which orthogonally, i.e. individually, addressable photoswitches are needed. In such a multifunctional mixture, the switching properties, efficiencies and the overall performance may be impaired by undesired mutual dependences of the photoswitches on each other. Within this study, we compare the performance of the pure photoswitches, namely an azobenzene derivative (Azo) and a donor-acceptor Stenhouse adduct (DASA), with the switching properties of their mixture using time-resolved temperature-dependent UV/VIS absorption spectroscopy, time-resolved IR absorption spectroscopy at room temperature and quantum mechanical calculations to determine effective cross sections, switching kinetics as well as activation energies of thermally induced steps. We find slightly improved effective cross sections, percentages of switched molecules and no increased activation barriers of the equimolar mixture compared to the single compounds. Thus, the studied mixture Azo + DASA is very promising for future applications in multifunctional smart materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Schmitt
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Christian Huck
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Nils Oberhof
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Li-Yun Hsu
- Institute for Molecular System Engineering and Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva Blasco
- Institute for Molecular System Engineering and Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Tegeder
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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