1
|
Dey S, Szathmári B, Franz R, Bruhn C, Kelemen Z, Pietschnig R. Controlled Ring Opening of a Tetracyclic Tetraphosphane with Twofold Metallocene Bridging. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400194. [PMID: 38372413 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
A direct route to a doubly ferrocene bridged tetracyclic tetraphosphane 1 was developed via reductive coupling of Fe(CpPCl2)2 (2 a), where a chlorine terminated linear P4-compound 3 could be identified as an intermediate. Selective P-P bond activation was further achieved by reacting 1 with elemental selenium or [Cp*Al]4, where regioselective insertion of Se or Al atoms resulted in ferrocenylene bridged [P4Se] (4) or [P4Al] (7) moieties. Compound 7 can be transformed to a hydrogen terminated linear P4 species, 8, with protic solvents. Methylation of compound 1 with MeOTf, proceeds via intermediate formation of monomethylated species 5, which gradually produced Me2-terminated dicationic 6, again containing a linear P4-unit. Besides spectroscopic characterization, the structural details of compounds 1, 4, 6, and 8 could be determined by SC-XRD. Moreover, DFT calculations were used to rationalize the reactivity of 1, derived compounds and intermediates. As a key feature, 1 undergoes ring opening polymerization to a linear polyphosphane 9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhayan Dey
- Institut für Chemie und CINSaT, University of Kassel, Heinrich Plett-Straße 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
- Current address: School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vandalur-Kelambakkam Road, Rajan Nagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600127, India
| | - Balázs Szathmári
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem Rkp 3, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Roman Franz
- Institut für Chemie und CINSaT, University of Kassel, Heinrich Plett-Straße 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
| | - Clemens Bruhn
- Institut für Chemie und CINSaT, University of Kassel, Heinrich Plett-Straße 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
| | - Zsolt Kelemen
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem Rkp 3, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rudolf Pietschnig
- Institut für Chemie und CINSaT, University of Kassel, Heinrich Plett-Straße 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zaitsev KV, Veshchitsky GA, Oprunenko YF, Kharcheva AV, Moiseeva AA, Gloriozov IP, Lermontova EK. 1,2-Bis(triazolyl)tetraphenyldigermanes: Synthesis, Structure and Properties. Chem Asian J 2023:e202300753. [PMID: 37886881 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Using the [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of [HC≡C-GePh2 -]2 (1) and a number of RCH2 N3 , this work described the synthesis of a series of novel heterocyclic digermanes, bitriazoles [1,4-C2 HN3 (CH2 R)GePh2 -]2 , 2-12 (R=Ph, p-Tol, p-C6 H4 NMe2 , p-C6 H4 OMe, p-C6 H4 Br, m-C6 H4 NO2 , 2-Naphth, CH2 -p-OC6 H4 CHO, CH2 -p-OC6 H4 COOMe, CH2 P(O)(OEt)2 , COOEt), difficult to produce by other methods. The structural peculiarities of these compounds were studied in detail by NMR spectroscopy and by XRD analysis (for 6, 9 and 10). The properties of 1-12 were studied by UV/vis and luminescence emission spectroscopy, electrochemistry and DFT calculations, indicating an effective conjugation in their molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V Zaitsev
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gleb A Veshchitsky
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri F Oprunenko
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia V Kharcheva
- Department of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 2, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A Moiseeva
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor P Gloriozov
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elmira Kh Lermontova
- N.S. Kurnakov General and Inorganic Chemistry Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii prospect, 31, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Köstler B, Gilmer J, Bolte M, Virovets A, Lerner HW, Albert P, Fantuzzi F, Wagner M. Group IV heteroadamantanes: synthesis of Si 6Sn 4 and site-selective derivatization of Si 6Ge 4. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2295-2298. [PMID: 36744715 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06697a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The mixed heteroadamantanes Si6Ge4 and Si6Sn4 are readily accessible from Me2ECl2/Si2Cl6/cat. Cl- (4 × EMe2, 2 × SiCl2, 4 × Si-SiCl3 vertices; E = Ge, Sn). Different from Si6Ge4, two skeletal isomers are formed in the case of Si6Sn4. Site-selective SiCl3-methylation of Si6Ge4 was achieved, leaving the SiCl2 groups untouched.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Köstler
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany.
| | - Jannik Gilmer
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany.
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany.
| | - Alexander Virovets
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany.
| | - Hans-Wolfram Lerner
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany.
| | - Philipp Albert
- Smart Materials, Evonik Operations GmbH, Untere Kanalstraße 3, Rheinfelden 79618, Germany
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Park Wood Rd, Canterbury CT2 7NH, UK
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Köstler B, Bae H, Gilmer J, Virovets A, Lerner HW, Albert P, Fantuzzi F, Wagner M. Dope it with germanium: selective access to functionalized Si 5Ge heterocycles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:716-719. [PMID: 36541103 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06060d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Cl- diadduct [nBu4N]2[A·2Cl] of the mixed cyclohexatetrelane (SiCl2)5(GeMe2), A, is accessible from Me2GeCl2, 6 eq. Si2Cl6, and 2 eq. [nBu4N]Cl in one step (96%). Free, tenfold functionalized A can be released from the primary product by decomplexation with AlCl3 (78%). Insight into the assembly mechanism of [nBu4N]2[A·2Cl] and the reactivity of A is provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Köstler
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany.
| | - Hyunwoo Bae
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany.
| | - Jannik Gilmer
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany.
| | - Alexander Virovets
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany.
| | - Hans-Wolfram Lerner
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany.
| | - Philipp Albert
- Smart Materials, Evonik Operations GmbH, Untere Kanalstraße 3, Rheinfelden 79618, Germany
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Park Wood Road, Canterbury CT2 7NH, UK
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lu D, Zou X, Li C. Advances in the application of named reactions in polymer synthesis. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/09540083221143691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
With the development of polymer science, more and more named reactions have been applied to synthesizing polymers. Introducing new reactions into polymer synthesis is undoubtedly an excellent expansion for monomer and polymer libraries. In this review, the named reactions employed in polymer-chain synthesis were divided into seven types: electrophilic reactions, nucleophilic reactions, transition metal-mediated cross-coupling reactions, free radical reactions, pericyclic reactions, multi-component reactions and rearrangement reactions. The discussion was mainly focused on the progress in the utilization of these named reactions in polymer synthesis, which could be a valuable reference for researchers in the polymer field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Lu
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xudong Zou
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shumaker FA, Weinert CS. Absorbance and emission studies in solution and the solid state and band gap determination of Pri3Ge(GePh2)4GePri3. MAIN GROUP CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/mgc-220100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The hexagermane Pri3Ge(GePh2)4GePr i3 (1) can adopt four different conformations by rotations about its germanium –germanium single bonds that differ in energy across an energy range of 31.63 kJ/mol, with the trans-coplanar arrangement having the lowest energy. Conformational changes can occur among these four structures resulting in the observation of thermochromic absorbance spectra both in solution and in the solid state. Bathochromic shifts of 5 nm and 15 nm were observed in solution and in the solid state with increasing temperature. Compound 1 is also luminescent both in solution and in the solid state. The solution emission spectra are solvent dependent and the solid state emission maxima were shown to be temperature dependent. When 1 is excited at 300 nm in the solid state at 80 K its emission spectrum contains a broad emission peak in the visible region and this emission can be observed with the naked eye. The indirect band gap of 1 was determined to be 3.25 eV, which is consistent with investigations on other related oligogermane systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F. Alexander Shumaker
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Charles S. Weinert
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zaitsev KV, Poleshchuk OK, Churakov AV. Oligoorganogermanes: Interplay between Aryl and Trimethylsilyl Substituents. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072147. [PMID: 35408545 PMCID: PMC9000802 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Derivatives of main group elements containing element-element bonds are characterized by unique properties due to σ-conjugation, which is an attractive subject for investigation. A novel series of digermanes, Ar3Ge-Ge(SiMe3)3, containing aryl (Ar = p-C6H4Me (1), p-C6H4F (2), C6F5 (3)) and trimethylsilyl substituents, was synthesized by the reaction of germyl potassium salt, [(Me3Si)3GeK*THF], with triarylchlorogermanes, Ar3GeCl. The optical and electronic properties of such substituted oligoorganogermanes were investigated spectroscopically by UV/vis absorption spectroscopy and theoretically by DFT calculations. The molecular structures of compounds 1 and 2 were studied by XRD analysis. Conjugation between all structural fragments (Ge-Ge, Ge-Si, Ge-Ar, where Ar is an electron-donating or withdrawing group) was found to affect the properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V. Zaitsev
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Prospekt 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-495-939-3887
| | - Oleg Kh. Poleshchuk
- Faculty of Chemistry, National Research Tomsk State University, Lenin Avenue 36, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;
- Department of Chemistry, Tomsk State Pedagogical University, Kievskaya Street 60, 634061 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Andrei V. Churakov
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Prospekt 31, 117901 Moscow, Russia;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kunkel C, Bolte M, Lerner HW, Albert P, Wagner M. Subvalent mixed Si xGe y oligomers: (Cl 3Si) 4Ge and Cl 2(Me 2EtN)SiGe(SiCl 3) 2. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:12028-12031. [PMID: 34714311 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05604b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
(Cl3Si)4Ge (1; 91%) is accessible from GeCl4, the Si2Cl6/[nBu4N]Cl silylation system, and excess SiCl4. A key intermediate step involves Cl- sequestration with AlCl3 in the course of the reaction between the first-formed germanide [(Cl3Si)3Ge]- and SiCl4. The related adduct Cl2(Me2EtN)SiGe(SiCl3)2 (2; quantitative conversion) was prepared either by amine-induced cleavage of 1 or by a bottom-up synthesis starting from GeCl4 and Si2Cl6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Kunkel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Hans-Wolfram Lerner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Philipp Albert
- Evonik Operations GmbH, Smart Materials, Untere Kanalstraße 3, 79618 Rheinfelden, Germany
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Caise A, Griffin LP, Heilmann A, McManus C, Campos J, Aldridge S. Controlling Catenation in Germanium(I) Chemistry through Hemilability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Caise
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Liam P. Griffin
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Andreas Heilmann
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Caitilín McManus
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Jesús Campos
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Caise A, Griffin LP, Heilmann A, McManus C, Campos J, Aldridge S. Controlling Catenation in Germanium(I) Chemistry through Hemilability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:15606-15612. [PMID: 33939867 PMCID: PMC8362110 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel approach for constructing chains of Group 14 metal atoms linked by unsupported metal-metal bonds that exploits hemilabile ligands to generate unsaturated metal sites. The formation/nature of catenated species (oligo-dimetallynes) can be controlled by the use of (acidic/basic) "protecting groups" and through variation of the ligand scaffold. Reduction of ArNiPr2 GeCl (ArNiPr2 =2,6-(i Pr2 NCH2 )2 C6 H3 )-featuring hemilabile Ni Pr2 donors-yields (ArNiPr2 Ge)4 (2), which contains a tetrameric Ge4 chain. 2 represents a novel type of a linear homo-catenated GeI compound featuring unsupported E-E bonds. Trapping experiments reveal that a key structural component is the central two-way Ge=Ge donor-acceptor bond: reactions with IMe4 and W(CO)5 (NMe3 ) give the base- or acid-stabilized digermynes (ArNiPr2 Ge(IMe4 ))2 (4) and (ArNiPr2 Ge{W(CO)5 })2 (5), respectively. The use of smaller N-donors leads to stronger Ge-N interactions and quenching of catenation behaviour: reduction of ArNEt2 GeCl gives the digermyne (ArNEt2 Ge)2 , while the unsymmetrical system ArNEt2 GeGeArNiPr2 dimerizes to give tetranuclear (ArNEt2 GeGeArNiPr2 )2 through aggregation at the Ni Pr2 -ligated GeI centres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Caise
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3QRUK
| | - Liam P. Griffin
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3QRUK
| | - Andreas Heilmann
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3QRUK
| | - Caitilín McManus
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3QRUK
| | - Jesús Campos
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3QRUK
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3QRUK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xiong Y, Chen D, Yao S, Zhu J, Ruzicka A, Driess M. New Types of Ge 2 and Ge 4 Assemblies Stabilized by a Carbanionic Dicarborandiyl-Silylene Ligand. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:6229-6237. [PMID: 33852310 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The first Ge(0)-Ge(II) germylone-germylene-paired Ge2 complex (LSi)2Ge2 (4) and the molecular Ge4 cluster (LSi)2Ge4 (5) supported by the chelating carbanionic ortho-C,C'-dicarborandiyl-silylene ligand LSi [L = C,C'-C2B10H10, Si = PhC(tBuN)2Si] have been synthesized and isolated via reduction of the corresponding precursors chlorogermyl-germyliumylidene chloride (2), [(LSi)2Ge(Cl)Ge]+Cl-, and (LSi)2Ge4Cl4 (3) with C8K, respectively. The latter precursors were obtained from the unexpected outcome of the reaction of the ortho-C,C'-dicarborandiyl phosphine-silylene ligand PLSi (1) {P = P[N(tBu)CH2]2} and GeCl2·dioxane. Compound 2 is formed in higher yields (65% yields) by the salt metathesis reaction of the C-lithium dicarborandiyl-C'-silylene salt LiLSi (6) [Li = Li(OEt2)2] with GeCl2·dioxane. The molecular structures of all these species (1-6) have been established and confirmed spectroscopically and crystallographically. The electronic structures of 4 and 5 were elucidated by density functional theory calculations. While 4 possesses a localized dative Ge(0)→Ge(II) bond, the Ge-Ge σ bonds in 5 are delocalized in the Ge4 cluster core. Featuring a donor-acceptor interaction between two chelating silylenes and the Ge4 core, compound 5 represents a unique molecular model for a Ge4 cluster.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xiong
- Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17, Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dandan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenglai Yao
- Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17, Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Ales Ruzicka
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Matthias Driess
- Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17, Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Complexes of Dichlorogermylene with Phosphine/Sulfoxide-Supported Carbone as Ligand. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26072005. [PMID: 33916075 PMCID: PMC8037485 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their remarkable electronic features, recent years have witnessed the emergence of carbones L2C, which consist in two donating L ligands coordinating a central carbon atom bearing two lone pairs. In this context, the phosphine/sulfoxide-supported carbone 4 exhibits a strong nucleophilic character, and here, we describe its ability to coordinate dichlorogermylene. Two original stable coordination complexes were obtained and fully characterized in solution and in the solid state by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis, respectively. At 60 °C, in the presence of 4, the Ge(II)-complex 5 undergoes a slow isomerization that transforms the bis-ylide ligand into an yldiide.
Collapse
|
13
|
Léal MA, Begic K, Campbell J, Kirkman N, Myers D, Schrick AC, Rheingold AL, Weinert CS. Preparation, absorption spectra, and electrochemsitry of the trigermanes R3GeGePh2GeR3 (R3 = Bu Me2, PhMe2, Bu3) and tetragermanes R3Ge(GePh2)2GeR3 (R3 = Et3, Bu3). J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
14
|
Liu C, Zhu K, Han W, Liu X, Zhang ZF, Su MD, Wu D, Li Y. Formation of Alkynylgermyl-Substituted Germylenes via a Catenation of Ge Atoms. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:10123-10128. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenghuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Keke Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Weichun Han
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Zheng-Feng Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 60004, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Der Su
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 60004, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Di Wu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Frühwirt P, Liška A, Wasdin PT, Kelterer AM, Haas M, Ludvík J, Gescheidt G. The “Dark Side” of Germanium-Based Photoinitiators—Connecting Redox Properties and Optical Absorption. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Frühwirt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Alan Liška
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Perry T. Wasdin
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Department of Chemistry, University of West Georgia, 1601 Maple Street, Carrollton, Georgia 30118, United States
| | - Anne-Marie Kelterer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Haas
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Jiří Ludvík
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Georg Gescheidt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zaitsev KV, Gloriozov IP, Oprunenko YF, Churakov AV. Synthesis of chromium carbonyl complexes with molecular aryl polysilanes: Si Si bond rupture and formation. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2019.107571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
17
|
Chromium carbonyl complexes with aryl mono- and oligogermanes: Ability for haptotropic rearrangement. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
18
|
Insertion of germylenes into Ge–X bonds giving molecular oligogermanes: theory and practice. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-019-02495-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
19
|
Jovanovic M, Michl J. Effect of Conformation on Electron Localization and Delocalization in Infinite Helical Chains [X(CH 3) 2] ∞ (X = Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb). J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:13101-13113. [PMID: 31306578 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An intuitive explanation of the effects of conformation (backbone dihedral angle) on electron delocalization in infinite saturated regular helices [(CH3)2]∞Si, [(CH3)2Ge]∞, [(CH3)2Sn]∞, and [(CH3)2Pb]∞ is offered in terms of the simple Ladder C model and confirmed by density functional theory calculations. The effective hole mass, which ranges from near zero to infinity as a function of conformation, is used as a measure of the degree of delocalization and relates to the effects of chain length extension in finite systems. The position of the Fermi level in reciprocal space has a simple counterpart in systems of finite length and is used to characterize the dominant mechanism, σ conjugation (geminal interactions) or σ hyperconjugation (vicinal interactions, through-bond coupling). Constructive or destructive interference of the two mechanisms produces three different delocalization regimes as a function of the backbone dihedral angle and analogy is drawn to polycyclic π-electron systems consisting of fused Hückel or Möbius four-membered rings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milena Jovanovic
- Department of Chemistry , University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309-0215 , United States.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 1 , 16610 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Josef Michl
- Department of Chemistry , University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309-0215 , United States.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 1 , 16610 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zaitsev KV, Lam K, Poleshchuk OK, Bezzubov SI, Churakov AV. Aryl Germanes as Ligands for Transition Polymetallic Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, and Properties. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V. Zaitsev
- Department of Chemistry Moscow State University Leninskye Gory 1, 3 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Kevin Lam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemical and Environmental Sciences The University of Greenwich UK, ME44TB
| | - Oleg Kh. Poleshchuk
- Chemical and Environmental Sciences National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University 634050 Russia
- Chemical and Environmental Sciences Tomsk State Pedagogical University 634061 Russia
| | - Stanislav I. Bezzubov
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry Chemical and Environmental Sciences Russian Academy of Sciences Russia
| | - Andrei V. Churakov
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry Chemical and Environmental Sciences Russian Academy of Sciences Russia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sahoo P, Raut RK, Maurya D, Kumar V, Rani P, Gonnade RG, Majumdar M. Stabilization of bis(chlorogermyliumylidene)s within bifunctional PNNP ligand frameworks and their reactivity studies. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:7344-7351. [PMID: 30896720 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00109c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The diiminodiphosphine (Lim) and diaminodiphosphines (l-NH and l-NMe) with a bifunctional PNNP ligand framework have been employed to host two [GeCl]+ units leading to the formation of bis(chlorogermyliumylidene) 1-3, respectively. The synthetic route involves a 1 : 2 stoichiometric reaction between the PNNP ligand and GeCl2·dioxane and the subsequent addition of two equivalents of chloride abstracting agent. Compound 1 is unstable towards coordinating solvents and Lewis bases, resulting in the displacement of the GeCl unit and the formation of rearranged products 4 and 5. However, the diaminodiphosphine coordinated Ge(ii) bis(monocation)s 2 and 3 proved to be stable and revealed their electrophilic behaviour towards the Lewis bases studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Padmini Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ravindra K Raut
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Devesh Maurya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pooja Rani
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajesh G Gonnade
- Centre for Material Characterization, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Moumita Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tremmel J, Erben M, Dostál L, Růžičková Z, Turek J, Jambor R. Reactivity of Monomeric N→Ge Coordinated Germanium(II) Hydrides. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Tremmel
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice 53210 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Milan Erben
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice 53210 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Libor Dostál
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice 53210 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Růžičková
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice 53210 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Jan Turek
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC) Vrije Universiteit Brussel Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Roman Jambor
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice 53210 Pardubice Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zaitsev KV, Lam K, Tafeenko VA, Korlyukov AA, Poleshchuk OK. Aryl Oligogermanes as Ligands for Transition Metal Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V. Zaitsev
- Chemistry Department Moscow State University B‐234 Leninskie Gory, 1, 3 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Kevin Lam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemical and Environmental Sciences University of Greenwich Chatham Maritime ME4 4TB Kent UK
| | - Viktor A. Tafeenko
- Chemistry Department Moscow State University B‐234 Leninskie Gory, 1, 3 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Alexander A. Korlyukov
- Russian Academy of Sciences Chemical and Environmental Sciences A.N.Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Vavilova Str. Moscow Russia
| | - Oleg Kh. Poleshchuk
- Chemical and Environmental Sciences National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University Lenin Av., 30 634050 Tomsk Russia
- Chemical and Environmental Sciences Tomsk State Pedagogical University Kievskaya Str., 60 634061 Tomsk Russia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Aghazadeh Meshgi M, Zaitsev KV, Vener MV, Churakov AV, Baumgartner J, Marschner C. Hypercoordinated Oligosilanes Based on Aminotrisphenols. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:10317-10330. [PMID: 30198007 PMCID: PMC6120741 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The hypercoordinated silicon chlorides ClSi[(o-OC6H4)3N] (3) and ClSi[(OC6H2Me2CH2)3N] (5) were used for the synthesis of catenated derivatives (Me3Si)3SiSi[(o-OC6H4)3N] (9), (Me3Si)3SiSiMe2SiMe2Si(SiMe3)2Si[(o-OC6H4)3N] (11), and (Me3Si)3SiSi[(OC6H2Me2CH2)3N] (13) in reactions with (Me3Si)3SiK·THF (7) or (Me3Si)3SiK·[18-crown-6] (8). It was found that the nature of the (Me3Si)3SiK solvate determines the product of interaction, resulting in the formation of (Me3Si)3Si(CH2)4OSi[(OC6H2Me2CH2)3N] (12) or 13. Compounds obtained were characterized using multinuclear NMR and UV-vis spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The molecular structures of 3, 9, and 11-13 were investigated by single-crystal X-ray analysis, featuring hypercoordinated Si atoms in a trigonal-bipyramidal coordination environment with O atoms in the equatorial plane. The structure of the side product [N(CH2C6H2Me2O)3Si]2O (6) was also studied, indicating highly tetrahedrally distorted trigonal-bipyramidal environment at the Si atoms, which was confirmed by crystal density functional theory calculations indicating the very weak Si ← N interaction. The Si···N interatomic distances span a broad range (2.23-2.78 Å). The dependence of structural and NMR parameters for hypercoordinated catenated compounds from the type of the ligand was established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aghazadeh Meshgi
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University
of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Kirill V. Zaitsev
- Department
of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
- E-mail: (K.V.Z.)
| | - Mikhail V. Vener
- Department
of Quantum Chemistry, Mendeleev University
of Chemical Technology, Miusskaya Square 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei V. Churakov
- N.S.
Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr., 31, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Judith Baumgartner
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University
of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Marschner
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University
of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
- E-mail: (C.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
|
26
|
Hayatifar A, Shumaker FA, Komanduri SP, Hallenbeck SA, Rheingold AL, Weinert CS. Synthesis of the Elusive Branched Fluoro-oligogermane (Ph3Ge)3GeF: A Structural, Spectroscopic, Electrochemical, and Computational Study. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ardalan Hayatifar
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - F. Alexander Shumaker
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Sangeetha P. Komanduri
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Sydney A. Hallenbeck
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Charles S. Weinert
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zaitsev KV, Lam K, Poleshchuk OK, Kuz'mina LG, Churakov AV. Oligothienyl catenated germanes and silanes: synthesis, structure, and properties. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:5431-5444. [PMID: 29594275 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00256h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of two new groups of oligothienyl catenated silanes and germanes, Me5M2Thn (1a-b), Me5M2ThnM2Me5 (2a-c) (terminal), and ThnM2Me4Thn (3a-d) (internal) (M = Si, Ge; n = 2, 3; Th = 2- or 2,5-thienyl), is reported. The study of their structural parameters as well as of their spectral (NMR), electrochemical (CV) and optical (UV/vis absorbance, luminescence) properties has been performed in detail; in addition, the unexpected compound [Th2Si2Me4Th]2 (3a') is also studied. Theoretical investigations have been performed for model compounds in order to establish structure-property relationships. The molecular structures of 2a (Me5Si2Th2Si2Me5), 2b (Me5Ge2Th2Ge2Me5), 3a (Th2Si2Me4Th2) and 3b (Th2Ge2Me4Th2) have been investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis. An effective conjugation with flattening of both Th planes in terminal 2a and 2b was observed. The main trends in the dependence of the optical and electrochemical properties on the structural parameters have been established. All of the compounds studied exhibit a strong emission within the 378-563 nm range, and the maximal quantum yield (up to 77%) is observed for the Si derivative 3a'. For the majority of the compounds, the quantum yields (20-30%) are significantly larger than for 2,2'-bi- and 2,2':5',5''-terthiophenes. Due to their good emission properties, these compounds could be used to develop new materials with specific spectral properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V Zaitsev
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory 1, 3, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
1,3-Dichloro-1,1,2,2,3,3-hexa-tert-butyltristannane: Thermolysis involving trapping of stannylene, Bu2Sn: and reactivity with various nucleophiles. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
29
|
|
30
|
Wey YT, Yang FS, Yu HC, Kuo TS, Tsai YC. Synthesis and Characterization of an Eclipsed Digermylene as a Building Block to Construct a Cyclic Octagermylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201708551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Te Wey
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences and Matters; National Tsing Hua University; 101, Sec. 2, Guang-Fu Road Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
| | - Fan-Shan Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences and Matters; National Tsing Hua University; 101, Sec. 2, Guang-Fu Road Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Cheng Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences and Matters; National Tsing Hua University; 101, Sec. 2, Guang-Fu Road Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
| | - Ting-Shen Kuo
- Department of Chemistry; National (Taiwan) Normal University; 88, Sec.4, Ting-Chow Rd Taipei 116 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chou Tsai
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences and Matters; National Tsing Hua University; 101, Sec. 2, Guang-Fu Road Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wey YT, Yang FS, Yu HC, Kuo TS, Tsai YC. Synthesis and Characterization of an Eclipsed Digermylene as a Building Block to Construct a Cyclic Octagermylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:15108-15112. [PMID: 28940992 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201708551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of an unprecedented GeI -GeI bonded digermylene [K2 {Ge2 (μ-κ2 :η2 :η4 -2,6-(2,6-i Pr2 C6 H3 -N)2 -4-CH3 C5 H2 N)2 }] in an eclipsed conformation stabilized by two bridging diamidopyridyl ligands is presented. Although it exhibits an eclipsed conformation, the Ge-Ge bond length is 2.5168(6) Å, which is shorter than those in the trans-bent and gauche digermylenes. In combination with two pendant amido groups, the GeI2 motif is employed as a building block to assemble the first example of octagermylene [Ge4 (μ-κ2 :κ1 -2,6-(2,6-i Pr2 C6 H3 -N)2 -4-CH3 C5 H2 N)2 ]2 showing a cyclic configuration and containing three distinct types of GeI -GeI bonds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Te Wey
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences and Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Guang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Shan Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences and Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Guang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Cheng Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences and Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Guang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Shen Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, National (Taiwan) Normal University, 88, Sec.4, Ting-Chow Rd, Taipei, 116, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chou Tsai
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences and Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Guang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gečiauskaitė AA, García F. Main group mechanochemistry. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:2068-2077. [PMID: 29062428 PMCID: PMC5647729 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, mechanochemistry has emerged as a powerful methodology in the search for sustainable alternatives to conventional solvent-based synthetic routes. Mechanochemistry has already been successfully applied to the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), organic compounds, metal oxides, coordination compounds and organometallic complexes. In the main group arena, examples of synthetic mechanochemical methodologies, whilst still relatively sporadic, are on the rise. This short review provides an overview of recent advances and achievements in this area that further validate mechanochemistry as a credible alternative to solution-based methods for the synthesis of main group compounds and frameworks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agota A Gečiauskaitė
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
| | - Felipe García
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Komanduri SP, Shumaker FA, Hallenbeck SA, Knight CJ, Yoder CH, Buckwalter BA, Dufresne CP, Fernandez EJ, Kaffel CA, Nazareno RE, Neu M, Reeves G, Rivard JT, Shackelford LJ, Weinert CS. Structure/property relationships in branched oligogermanes. Preparation of (Me3Ge)3GePh, (Me2Bu Ge)3GePh, and (Me2PhGe)3GePh and investigation of their properties by spectroscopic, spectrometric and electrochemical methods. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
34
|
Komanduri SP, Schrick AC, Daley CJ, Rheingold AL, Weinert CS. Synthesis, structure and decomposition of the digermane Ph3GeGePh2H. MAIN GROUP CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.3233/mgc-170238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron C. Schrick
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Christopher J.A. Daley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Radebner J, Leypold M, Eibel A, Maier J, Schuh L, Torvisco A, Fischer R, Moszner N, Gescheidt G, Stueger H, Haas M. Synthesis, Spectroscopic Behavior, and Photoinduced Reactivity of Tetraacylgermanes. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Norbert Moszner
- Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Bendererstraße
2, FL-9494 Schaan, Liechtenstein
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zaitsev KV, Tafeenko VA, Oprunenko YF, Kharcheva AV, Zhanabil Z, Suleimen Y, Lam K, Zaitsev VB, Zaitseva AV, Zaitseva GS, Karlov SS. Molecular Oligogermanes and Related Compounds: Structure, Optical and Semiconductor Properties. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:1240-1249. [PMID: 28165676 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201700151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The optical (UV/Vis absorbance, fluorescence in the solid state and in solution) and semiconducting properties of a number of di- and trigermanes as well as related silicon- and tin-containing germanes, 1-6 ((p-Tol)3 GeGeMe3 (1), Ph3 SnGe(SiMe3 )3 (2), (C6 F5 )3 GeGePh3 (3), (p-Tol)3 GeSiMe2 SiMe3 (4), (p-Tol)3 GeGeMe2 Ge(p-Tol)3 (5), (p-Tol)3 GeSiMe2 SiMe2 Ge(p-Tol)3 (6)) were investigated. Molecular structures of 5 and 6 were studied by X-ray diffraction analysis. All compounds displayed luminescence properties. In addition, a band gap (of about 3.3 eV) was measured for compounds 1-6 showing that those molecules display semiconductor properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V Zaitsev
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, 1, 3, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Viktor A Tafeenko
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, 1, 3, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Yuri F Oprunenko
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, 1, 3, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Anastasia V Kharcheva
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, 1, 3, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Zhaisan Zhanabil
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Yerlan Suleimen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Kevin Lam
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Vladimir B Zaitsev
- Department of Physics, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, 1, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Anna V Zaitseva
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina S Zaitseva
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, 1, 3, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Sergey S Karlov
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, 1, 3, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Glavinović M, Krause M, Yang L, McLeod JA, Liu L, Baines KM, Friščić T, Lumb JP. A chlorine-free protocol for processing germanium. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1700149. [PMID: 28508082 PMCID: PMC5419701 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1700149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Replacing molecular chlorine and hydrochloric acid with less energy- and risk-intensive reagents would markedly improve the environmental impact of metal manufacturing at a time when demand for metals is rapidly increasing. We describe a recyclable quinone/catechol redox platform that provides an innovative replacement for elemental chlorine and hydrochloric acid in the conversion of either germanium metal or germanium dioxide to a germanium tetrachloride substitute. Germanium is classified as a "critical" element based on its high dispersion in the environment, growing demand, and lack of suitable substitutes. Our approach replaces the oxidizing capacity of chlorine with molecular oxygen and replaces germanium tetrachloride with an air- and moisture-stable Ge(IV)-catecholate that is kinetically competent for conversion to high-purity germanes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Glavinović
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Michael Krause
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Linju Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Soochow University–Western University Center for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - John A. McLeod
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Soochow University–Western University Center for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Lijia Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Soochow University–Western University Center for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Kim M. Baines
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Soochow University–Western University Center for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Jean-Philip Lumb
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Radebner J, Eibel A, Leypold M, Gorsche C, Schuh L, Fischer R, Torvisco A, Neshchadin D, Geier R, Moszner N, Liska R, Gescheidt G, Haas M, Stueger H. Tetraacylgermanes: Highly Efficient Photoinitiators for Visible-Light-Induced Free-Radical Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:3103-3107. [PMID: 28156043 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201611686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this contribution a convenient synthetic method to obtain tetraacylgermanes Ge[C(O)R]4 (R=mesityl (1 a), phenyl (1 b)), a previously unknown class of highly efficient Ge-based photoinitiators, is described. Tetraacylgermanes are easily accessible via a one-pot synthetic protocol in >85 % yield, as confirmed by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and X-ray crystallography. The efficiency of 1 a,b as photoinitiators is demonstrated in photobleaching (UV/Vis), time-resolved EPR (CIDEP), and NMR/CIDNP investigations as well as by photo-DSC studies. Remarkably, the tetraacylgermanes exceed the performance of currently known long-wavelength visible-light photoinitiators for free-radical polymerization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Radebner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Eibel
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Graz, Austria
| | - Mario Leypold
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Gorsche
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry, Technische Universität Wien, Austria
| | - Lukas Schuh
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Roland Fischer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Ana Torvisco
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Dmytro Neshchadin
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Graz, Austria
| | - Roman Geier
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Graz, Austria
| | | | - Robert Liska
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry, Technische Universität Wien, Austria
| | - Georg Gescheidt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Haas
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Stueger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Radebner J, Eibel A, Leypold M, Gorsche C, Schuh L, Fischer R, Torvisco A, Neshchadin D, Geier R, Moszner N, Liska R, Gescheidt G, Haas M, Stueger H. Tetraacylgermane: hochwirksame Photoinitiatoren für die radikalische Polymerisation mit sichtbarem Licht. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201611686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Radebner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Technische Universität Graz; Stremayrgasse 9/IV 8010 Graz Österreich
| | - Anna Eibel
- Institute für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie; Technische Universität Graz; Österreich
| | - Mario Leypold
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Technische Universität Graz; Stremayrgasse 9/IV 8010 Graz Österreich
| | - Christian Gorsche
- Institut für Angewandte Synthesechemie und Christian Doppler, Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry; Technische Universität Wien; Österreich
| | - Lukas Schuh
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Technische Universität Graz; Stremayrgasse 9/IV 8010 Graz Österreich
| | - Roland Fischer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Technische Universität Graz; Stremayrgasse 9/IV 8010 Graz Österreich
| | - Ana Torvisco
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Technische Universität Graz; Stremayrgasse 9/IV 8010 Graz Österreich
| | - Dmytro Neshchadin
- Institute für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie; Technische Universität Graz; Österreich
| | - Roman Geier
- Institute für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie; Technische Universität Graz; Österreich
| | | | - Robert Liska
- Institut für Angewandte Synthesechemie und Christian Doppler, Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry; Technische Universität Wien; Österreich
| | - Georg Gescheidt
- Institute für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie; Technische Universität Graz; Österreich
| | - Michael Haas
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Technische Universität Graz; Stremayrgasse 9/IV 8010 Graz Österreich
| | - Harald Stueger
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Technische Universität Graz; Stremayrgasse 9/IV 8010 Graz Österreich
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zaitsev KV, Lam K, Zhanabil Z, Suleimen Y, Kharcheva AV, Tafeenko VA, Oprunenko YF, Poleshchuk OK, Lermontova EK, Churakov AV. Oligogermanes Containing Only Electron-Withdrawing Substituents: Synthesis and Properties. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V. Zaitsev
- Department
of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Kevin Lam
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan, 010000
| | - Zhaisan Zhanabil
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan, 010000
| | - Yerlan Suleimen
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan, 010000
| | - Anastasia V. Kharcheva
- Department
of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Viktor A. Tafeenko
- Department
of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Yuri F. Oprunenko
- Department
of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Oleg Kh. Poleshchuk
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue, 30, Tomsk 634050, Russia
- Tomsk State Pedagogical University, Kievskaya Street, 60, Tomsk 634061, Russia
| | - Elmira Kh. Lermontova
- Russian Academy of Science, N.S. Kurnakov General and Inorganic Chemistry Institute, Leninskii
pr., 31, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Andrei V. Churakov
- Russian Academy of Science, N.S. Kurnakov General and Inorganic Chemistry Institute, Leninskii
pr., 31, Moscow 119991, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Nakamura
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 639-8527, Japan
| | - Yousuke Ooyama
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 639-8527, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Hayakawa
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 639-8527, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishino
- Analytical & Measuring Instruments Division, Shimadzu Corporation, 1, Nishinokyo-Kuwabaracho, Nakagyo-Ku, Kyoto 604-8511, Japan
| | - Joji Ohshita
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 639-8527, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Bayat M, Amraie F, Salehzadeh S. Theoretical studies on structure, formation and nature of bond in a Disila-, Digerma- and distannacyclobutene ring. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633616500322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A theoretical study on the structure, formation and nature of E–E and C–E bonds (E[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Si, Ge, Sn) in catenated compounds of the group 14 elements including disila-, digerma- and distannacyclobutene ring formed from the reaction of 1-thiacyclohept-4-yne and E(NR)2SiR2 molecules [E[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Si, Ge, Sn, R[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]t-Bu, H, F, Cl, Br] in 1:2 mole ratio has been investigated at the M06/def2-TZVPP level of theory. The results showed that the formation energy of the products of the reaction above with Si(NBr)2SiBr2 and Sn(NF)2SiF2 reactants has greatest and the smallest value, respectively. In agreement with the values of formation energies, both the calculated Wiberg bond indices (WBI) for E—E and C—E bonds and [Formula: see text](BCP) of E—E bond in the products of two above reactants have largest and smallest values, respectively. The nature of E—E bond in the products was also studied with atoms in molecules (AIM) and natural bond orbital (NBO) analyses. The data confirmed that the E—E bond is partly covalent. In addition, the nature of C—E bond was investigated with energy decomposition analysis (EDA) and it was shown that the covalent contribution is in the range 48–53% depending on the types of E atom and corresponding substituents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Bayat
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Amraie
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Monoanionic Tin Oligomers Featuring Sn–Sn or Sn–Pb Bonds: Synthesis and Characterization of a Tris(Triheteroarylstannyl)Stannate and -Plumbate. INORGANICS 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics4020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
44
|
Schnalzer D, Haas M, Torvisco A, Stueger H. Photochemical reactivity of cyclic acylgermanes. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2015.1128929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Schnalzer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Haas
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Ana Torvisco
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Stueger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Tsukada S, O'Brien NJ, Kano N, Kawashima T, Guo JD, Nagase S. The synthesis and structure of a dianionic species with a bond between pentacoordinated tin atoms: bonding properties of the tin–tin bond. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:19374-19379. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03503e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first dianionic compound bearing a bond between two pentacoordinated tin atoms, a distannate, was synthesized and crystallographically characterized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Tsukada
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- The University of Tokyo
- Bunkyo-ku
- Japan
| | - Nathan J. O'Brien
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- The University of Tokyo
- Bunkyo-ku
- Japan
| | - Naokazu Kano
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- The University of Tokyo
- Bunkyo-ku
- Japan
| | - Takayuki Kawashima
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- The University of Tokyo
- Bunkyo-ku
- Japan
| | - Jing-Dong Guo
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry
- Kyoto University
- Sakyo-ku
- Japan
| | - Shigeru Nagase
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry
- Kyoto University
- Sakyo-ku
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
This Review article deals with the synthesis and properties of inorganic hydrocarbon analogues: binary chemical species that contain heavier Group 14 elements (Si, Ge, Sn or Pb) and hydrogen as components. Rapid advances in our general knowledge of these species have enabled the development of industrially relevant processes such as the hydrosilylation of unsaturated substrates and the chemical vapor deposition of semi-conducting films.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zaitsev KV, Zaitseva GS, Karlov SS, Korlyukov AA. Crystal structure of (tert-butyl-dimethyl-sil-yl)tri-phenyl-germane, Ph3Ge-SiMe2(t-Bu). Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2015; 71:o1015-6. [PMID: 26870472 PMCID: PMC4719953 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989015022872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, Ph3Ge-SiMe2(t-Bu) or C24H30GeSi, the Si and Ge atoms both possess a tetra-hedral coordination environment with C-E-C (E = Si, Ge) angles in the range 104.47 (5)-114.67 (5)°. The mol-ecule adopts an eclipsed conformation, with three torsion angles less than 29.5°. In the crystal, neighbouring mol-ecules are combined to dimers by six T-shaped C-H⋯π inter-actions, forming sixfold phenyl embraces (6PE).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V. Zaitsev
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Galina S. Zaitseva
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey S. Karlov
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander A. Korlyukov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Affiliation(s)
- Joji Ohshita
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Masashi Nakamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Yousuke Ooyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Su TA, Li H, Zhang V, Neupane M, Batra A, Klausen RS, Kumar B, Steigerwald ML, Venkataraman L, Nuckolls C. Single-molecule conductance in atomically precise germanium wires. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:12400-5. [PMID: 26373928 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b08155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
While the electrical conductivity of bulk-scale group 14 materials such as diamond carbon, silicon, and germanium is well understood, there is a gap in knowledge regarding the conductivity of these materials at the nano and molecular scales. Filling this gap is important because integrated circuits have shrunk so far that their active regions, which rely so heavily on silicon and germanium, begin to resemble ornate molecules rather than extended solids. Here we unveil a new approach for synthesizing atomically discrete wires of germanium and present the first conductance measurements of molecular germanium using a scanning tunneling microscope-based break-junction (STM-BJ) technique. Our findings show that germanium and silicon wires are nearly identical in conductivity at the molecular scale, and that both are much more conductive than aliphatic carbon. We demonstrate that the strong donor ability of C-Ge σ-bonds can be used to raise the energy of the anchor lone pair and increase conductance. Furthermore, the oligogermane wires behave as conductance switches that function through stereoelectronic logic. These devices can be trained to operate with a higher switching factor by repeatedly compressing and elongating the molecular junction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Su
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Haixing Li
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Vivian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Madhav Neupane
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Arunabh Batra
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Rebekka S Klausen
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Bharat Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Michael L Steigerwald
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Latha Venkataraman
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States.,Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University , New York, New York 10027, United States
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Zaitsev KV, Lermontova EK, Churakov AV, Tafeenko VA, Tarasevich BN, Poleshchuk OK, Kharcheva AV, Magdesieva TV, Nikitin OM, Zaitseva GS, Karlov SS. Compounds of Group 14 Elements with an Element–Element (E = Si, Ge, Sn) Bond: Effect of the Nature of the Element Atom. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/om501293t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V. Zaitsev
- Department
of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Elmira Kh. Lermontova
- N. S. Kurnakov General and Inorganic Chemistry Institute,Russian Academy of Science, Leninskii
Pr., 31, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Andrei V. Churakov
- N. S. Kurnakov General and Inorganic Chemistry Institute,Russian Academy of Science, Leninskii
Pr., 31, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Viktor A. Tafeenko
- Department
of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Boris N. Tarasevich
- Department
of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Oleg Kh. Poleshchuk
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Av., 30, Tomsk 634050, Russia
- Tomsk State Pedagogical University, Kievskaya Str., 60, Tomsk 634061, Russia
| | - Anastasia V. Kharcheva
- Department
of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Tatiana V. Magdesieva
- Department
of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Oleg M. Nikitin
- Department
of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Science, Vavilova
Str. 28, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Galina S. Zaitseva
- Department
of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Sergey S. Karlov
- Department
of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| |
Collapse
|