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Mei P, Ma Z, Chen Y, Wu Y, Hao W, Fan QH, Zhang WX. Chiral bisphosphine Ph-BPE ligand: a rising star in asymmetric synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:6735-6778. [PMID: 38826108 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00028a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Chiral 1,2-bis(2,5-diphenylphospholano)ethane (Ph-BPE) is a class of optimal organic bisphosphine ligands with C2-symmetry. Ph-BPE with its excellent catalytic performance in asymmetric synthesis has attracted much attention of chemists with increasing popularity and is growing into one of the most commonly used organophosphorus ligands, especially in asymmetric catalysis. Over two hundred examples have been reported since 2012. This review presents how Ph-BPE is utilized in asymmetric synthesis and how powerful it is as a chiral ligand or even a catalyst in a wide range of reactions including applications in the total synthesis of bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peifeng Mei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Zibin Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Yu Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Yue Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Wei Hao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qing-Hua Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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2
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Dinauer SB, Szlosek R, Piesch M, Balázs G, Reichl S, Prock L, Riesinger C, Walter MD, Scheer M. Homo- and heterobimetallic transition metal cluster derived from [Cp*Fe(η 5-E 5)] (E = P, As) - unprecedented structural motifs of the resulting polypnictogen ligands. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:10201-10207. [PMID: 38819391 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01160k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
A general synthetic procedure to neutral homo- and heterobimetallic cage compounds exhibiting various structural motifs of the polypnictogen ligands starting from [Cp*Fe(η5-E5)] (E = P (1), As (2); Cp* = C5Me5) is reported. The impact of the implemented transition metal precursors {Cp'''M} (M = Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni; Cp''' = 1,2,4-tBu3C5H2) emphasises the variability of the isolated complexes exhibiting a broad variety of structural motifs of the pnictogen ligands. Spectroscopic, crystallographic, and theoretical investigations provide insight into the structure of the partially unprecedented polypnictogen ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina B Dinauer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Robert Szlosek
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Martin Piesch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Gábor Balázs
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Stephan Reichl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Lukas Prock
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Christoph Riesinger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Marc D Walter
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Technical University of Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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3
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Uttendorfer MK, Hierlmeier G, Balázs G, Wolf R. Access to 1,2,3-triphospholide ligands by reduction of di- tert-butyldiphosphatetrahedrane. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:10113-10119. [PMID: 38747137 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01067a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Di-tert-butyldiphosphatetrahedrane (tBuCP)2 (A) is a reactive tetrahedral molecule which may serve as a source of new phosphaorganic molecules and ligands. However, the redox chemistry of this compound has not yet been investigated. Here, we show that the reduction of A with alkali metals (AM = Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs) affords 1,2,3-triphospholides [AM(crown ether)][1,2,3-P3C2tBu2] (1-5, [AM(crown ether)] = [Li([12]crown-4)2]+, [Na([15]crown-5)2]+, [K([18]crown-6)]+, [Rb([18]crown-6)]+, and Cs+) with 1,3-diphospholides [AM(crown ether)][1,3-P2C3tBu3] (6-10) formed as by-products. The potassium salt 3 was isolated on a preparative scale, allowing for reactivity studies. Transmetalation with iron(II) and ruthenium(II) chlorides yielded the sandwich complexes [Cp*M(η5-1,2,3-P3C2tBu2)] (11, M = Fe; 12, M = Ru, Cp* = C5Me5) featuring η5-coordinated triphospholide ligands. Treatment of 3 with [Cp2Fe][BAr4F] or [H(Et2O)2BAr4F] (BAr4F = B{C6H3(CF3)2}4) afforded the polyphosphorus compound tBu4C4P6 (13), which presumably results from the dimerisation of a 1,2,3-triphospholyl radical intermediate (1,2,3-P3C2tBu2)˙ (3˙). Tetracyclic 13 is closely structurally related to an isomer of the hydrocarbon hypostrophene (C10H10).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria K Uttendorfer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Gabriele Hierlmeier
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Gábor Balázs
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Robert Wolf
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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4
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Huangfu X, Wang Z, Chen Y, Wei J, Liu W, Zhang WX. Recent progress on the functionalization of white phosphorus in China. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwae162. [PMID: 38855361 PMCID: PMC11162153 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Direct synthesis of organophosphorus compounds from white phosphorus represents a significant but challenging subject, especially in the context of ongoing efforts to comprehensively improve the phosphorus-derived chemical industry driven by sustainability and safety concerns. China is the world's largest producer of white phosphorus, creating a significant demand for the green transformation of this crucial feedstock. This review provides an overview of advancements in white phosphorus activation by Chinese research teams, focusing on the direct construction of P‒C/N/O/S/M bonds from white phosphorus. Additionally, we offer some insights into prospective directions for the activation and transformation of white phosphorus in the future. This review paper aims to attract more researchers to engage in this area, stimulating follow-up exploration and fostering enduring advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Huangfu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhongzhen Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junnian Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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5
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Hauer S, Balázs G, Gliese F, Meurer F, Horsley Downie TM, Hennig C, Weigand JJ, Wolf R. Functionalization of Tetraphosphido Ligands by Heterocumulenes. Inorg Chem 2024. [PMID: 38819111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Although numerous polyphosphido complexes have been accessed through the transition-metal-mediated activation and functionalization of white phosphorus (P4), the selective functionalization of the resulting polyphosphorus ligands in these compounds remains underdeveloped. In this study, we explore the reactions between cyclotetraphosphido cobalt complexes and heterocumulenes, leading to functionalized P4 ligands. Specifically, the reaction of carbon disulfide (CS2) with [K(18c-6)][(Ar*BIAN)Co(η4-P4)] ([K(18c-6)]1, 18c-6 = [18]crown-6) affords the adduct [K(18c-6)][(Ar*BIAN)Co(η3:η1-P4CS2)] ([K(18c-6)]3), in which CS2 is attached to a single phosphorus atom (Ar* = 2,6-dibenzhydryl-4-isopropylphenyl, BIAN = 1,2-bis(arylimino)acenaphthene diimine). In contrast, the insertion of bis(trimethylsilyl)sulfur diimide S(NSiMe3)2 into a P-P bond of [K(18c-6)]1 yields [K(18c-6)][(Ar*BIAN)Co(η3:η1-P4SN2(SiMe3)2)] (K(18c-6)]4). This salt further reacts with Me3SiCl to form [(Ar*BIAN)Co(η3:η1-P4SN2(SiMe3)3] (5), featuring a rare azatetraphosphole ligand. Moreover, treatment of the previously reported complex [(Ar*BIAN)Co(η3:η1-P4C(O)tBu)] (2) with isothiocyanates results in P-C bond insertion, yielding [(Ar*BIAN)Co(η3:η1-P4C(S)N(R)C(O)tBu)] (6a,b; R = Cy, Ph).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hauer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gábor Balázs
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Gliese
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Florian Meurer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Hennig
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Rossendorf Beamline (BM20-CRG), 38043 Grenoble, France
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan J Weigand
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Wolf
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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6
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Xu H, Roy MMD, Kostenko A, Kelly JA, Fujimori S, Inoue S. Dialumene-Mediated Production of Phosphines through P 4 Reduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202404532. [PMID: 38763910 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The formation of phosphorus-rich alanes featuring butterfly-like geometries is achieved. The two-electron reduction products feature a unique P4 2- structure and can act as a source of P3-. The treatment of these phosphorus containing products with electrophiles under mild conditions results in the formation of different phosphines. This approach eliminates the need for high temperatures and/or high pressures, which are commonly required in industrial processes for the preparation of useful phosphines.The activation and further functionalization of white phosphorus (P4) by main group complexes has become an increasingly studied topic in recent times. Herein, we report the controlled formation of phosphorus-rich alanes featuring butterfly-like geometries from the selective reaction of P4 with dialumenes, ([L(IiPr)Al]2) (1: L=Tripp=2,4,6-iPr3C6H2; 2: L=tBu2MeSi; IiPr=[MeCN(iPr)]2C)). The two-electron-reduction product of P4 features a P4 2- structure and is shown to be able to act as a source of P3-. Treatments of different electrophiles (e.g., chlorotrimethylsilane (Me3SiCl), iodotrimethylsilane (Me3SiI), HCl, or acetyl chloride (CH3COCl)) with these alanes under mild conditions gave the corresponding phosphines (e.g., P(SiMe3)3, PH3, or P(COCH3)3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Xu
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Matthew M D Roy
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Arseni Kostenko
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - John A Kelly
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Shiori Fujimori
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
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7
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Hierlmeier G, Kutta RJ, Coburger P, Stammler HG, Schwabedissen J, Mitzel NW, Dimitrova M, Berger RJF, Nuernberger P, Wolf R. Structure and photochemistry of di- tert-butyldiphosphatetrahedrane. Chem Sci 2024; 15:5596-5603. [PMID: 38638211 PMCID: PMC11023056 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00936c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Di-tert-butyldiphosphatetrahedrane (tBuCP)2 (1) is a mixed carbon- and phosphorus-based tetrahedral molecule, isolobal to white phosphorus (P4). However, despite the fundamental significance and well-explored reactivity of the latter molecule, the precise structure of the free (tBuCP)2 molecule (1) and a detailed analysis of its electronic properties have remained elusive. Here, single-crystal X-ray structure determination of 1 at low temperature confirms the tetrahedral structure. Furthermore, quantum chemical calculations confirm that 1 is isolobal to P4 and shows a strong largely isotropic diamagnetic response in the magnetic field and thus pronounced spherical aromaticity. A spectroscopic and computational study on the photochemical reactivity reveals that diphosphatetrahedrane 1 readily dimerises to the ladderane-type phosphaalkyne tetramer (tBuCP)4 (2) under irradiation with UV light. With sufficient thermal activation energy, the dimerisation proceeds also in the dark. In both cases, an isomerisation to a 1,2-diphosphacyclobutadiene 1' is the first step. This intermediate subsequently undergoes a [2 + 2] cycloaddition with a second 1,2-diphosphacyclobutadiene molecule to form 2. The 1,2-diphosphacyclobutadiene intermediate 1' can be trapped chemically by N-methylmaleimide as an alternative [2 + 2] cycloaddition partner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Hierlmeier
- Universität Regensburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Roger Jan Kutta
- Universität Regensburg, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Peter Coburger
- Universität Regensburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Universität Bielefeld, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Jan Schwabedissen
- Universität Bielefeld, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Norbert W Mitzel
- Universität Bielefeld, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Maria Dimitrova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Science FI-00014 Helsinki Finland
- Paris Lodron Universität Salzburg, Chemie und Physik der Materialien 5020 Salzburg Austria
| | - Raphael J F Berger
- Paris Lodron Universität Salzburg, Chemie und Physik der Materialien 5020 Salzburg Austria
| | - Patrick Nuernberger
- Universität Regensburg, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Robert Wolf
- Universität Regensburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie 93040 Regensburg Germany
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8
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Franz R, Gál D, Bruhn C, Kelemen Z, Pietschnig R. Gradual Coordination and Reversible P-P Bond Activation of a P 3 -Unit with Transition Metal Carbonyls. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306805. [PMID: 38161225 PMCID: PMC10953586 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Coordination of a stereochemically defined P3 -chain to a series of transition metal carbonyls [M(CO)x ]z- (M = Mn (x = 5, z = 1), Fe (x = 4, z = 2) or Co (x = 4, z = 1)) is explored using a [3]ferrocenophane scaffold. A gradual transition from η1 -, η2 - to η3 -coordination is observed where in the η2 -mode the terminal positions of the phosphorus chain are bridged. With an excess of cobalt carbonyl successive P-P bond activation and gradual separation of the central phosphorus atoms from the phosphorus chain has been observed. This process is reversible and with suitable reagents such as methyl lithium, the P3 -unit is regenerated in stereospecific manner. The bonding situation and steps of the gradual P-P bond activation are investigated by DFT calculations as well as experimental methods (e.g., NMR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Franz
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaTUniversity of KasselHeinrich‐Plett‐Straße 4034132KasselGermany
| | - Dalma Gál
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsMűegyetem Rkp 3.Budapest1111Hungary
| | - Clemens Bruhn
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaTUniversity of KasselHeinrich‐Plett‐Straße 4034132KasselGermany
| | - Zsolt Kelemen
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsMűegyetem Rkp 3.Budapest1111Hungary
| | - Rudolf Pietschnig
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaTUniversity of KasselHeinrich‐Plett‐Straße 4034132KasselGermany
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9
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Landaeta VR, Horsley Downie TM, Wolf R. Low-Valent Transition Metalate Anions in Synthesis, Small Molecule Activation, and Catalysis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1323-1463. [PMID: 38354371 PMCID: PMC10906008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
This review surveys the synthesis and reactivity of low-oxidation state metalate anions of the d-block elements, with an emphasis on contributions reported between 2006 and 2022. Although the field has a long and rich history, the chemistry of transition metalate anions has been greatly enhanced in the last 15 years by the application of advanced concepts in complex synthesis and ligand design. In recent years, the potential of highly reactive metalate complexes in the fields of small molecule activation and homogeneous catalysis has become increasingly evident. Consequently, exciting applications in small molecule activation have been developed, including in catalytic transformations. This article intends to guide the reader through the fascinating world of low-valent transition metalates. The first part of the review describes the synthesis and reactivity of d-block metalates stabilized by an assortment of ligand frameworks, including carbonyls, isocyanides, alkenes and polyarenes, phosphines and phosphorus heterocycles, amides, and redox-active nitrogen-based ligands. Thereby, the reader will be familiarized with the impact of different ligand types on the physical and chemical properties of metalates. In addition, ion-pairing interactions and metal-metal bonding may have a dramatic influence on metalate structures and reactivities. The complex ramifications of these effects are examined in a separate section. The second part of the review is devoted to the reactivity of the metalates toward small inorganic molecules such as H2, N2, CO, CO2, P4 and related species. It is shown that the use of highly electron-rich and reactive metalates in small molecule activation translates into impressive catalytic properties in the hydrogenation of organic molecules and the reduction of N2, CO, and CO2. The results discussed in this review illustrate that the potential of transition metalate anions is increasingly being tapped for challenging catalytic processes with relevance to organic synthesis and energy conversion. Therefore, it is hoped that this review will serve as a useful resource to inspire further developments in this dynamic research field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert Wolf
- University of Regensburg, Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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10
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Hauer S, Horsley Downie TM, Balázs G, Schwedtmann K, Weigand JJ, Wolf R. Cobalt-Mediated [3+1] Fragmentation of White Phosphorus: Access to Acylcyanophosphanides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317170. [PMID: 38059391 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the accessibility of numerous transition metal polyphosphido complexes through transition-metal-mediated activation of white phosphorus, the targeted functionalization of Pn ligands to obtain functional monophosphorus species remains challenging. In this study, we introduce a new [3+1] fragmentation procedure for cyclo-P4 ligands, leading to the discovery of acylcyanophosphanides and -phosphines. Treatment of the complex [K(18c-6)][(Ar*BIAN)Co(η4 -P4 )] ([K(18c-6)]3, 18c-6=[18]crown-6, Ar*=2,6-dibenzhydryl-4-isopropylphenyl, BIAN=1,2-bis(arylimino)acenaphthene diimine) with acyl chlorides results in the formation of acylated tetraphosphido complexes [(Ar*BIAN)Co(η4 -P4 C(O)R)] (R=tBu, Cy, 1-Ad, Ph; 4 a-d). Subsequent reactions of 4 a-d with cyanide salts yield acylated cyanophosphanides [RC(O)PCN]- (9 a-d- ) and the cyclo-P3 cobaltate anion [(Ar*BIAN)Co(η3 -P3 )(CN)]- (8- ). Further reactions of 4 a-d with trimethylsilyl cyanide (Me3 SiCN) and isocyanides provide insight into a plausible mechanism of this [3+1] fragmentation reaction, as these reagents partially displace the P4 C(O)R ligand from the cobalt center. Several potential intermediates of the [3+1] fragmentation were characterized. Additionally, the introduction of a second acyl substituent was achieved by treating [K(18c-6)]9b with CyC(O)Cl, resulting in the first bis(acyl)monocyanophosphine (CyC(O))2 PCN (10).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hauer
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Gábor Balázs
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kai Schwedtmann
- TU Dresden, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan J Weigand
- TU Dresden, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Wolf
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
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11
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Chen Y, Liu W, Huangfu X, Wei J, Yu J, Zhang WX. Direct Synthesis of Phosphoryltriacetates from White Phosphorus via Visible Light Catalysis. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302289. [PMID: 37927193 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) are widely used in many fields. However, traditional synthetic routes in the industry usually involve multistep and hazardous procedures. Therefore, it's of great significance to construct such compounds in an environmentally-friendly and facile way. Herein, a photoredox catalytic method has been developed to construct novel phosphoryltriacetates. Using fac-Ir(ppy)3 (ppy=2-phenylpyridine) as the photocatalyst and blue LEDs (456 nm) as the light source, white phosphorus can react with α-bromo esters smoothly to generate phosphoryltriacetates in moderate to good yields. This one-step approach features mild reaction conditions and simple operational process without chlorination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-earth Materials Chemistry and Applications &, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and, Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-earth Materials Chemistry and Applications &, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and, Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xinlei Huangfu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-earth Materials Chemistry and Applications &, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and, Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Junnian Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-earth Materials Chemistry and Applications &, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and, Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jiangxi Yu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Metal-Organic Compounds, Key Laboratory of Organometallic New Materials (Hengyang Normal University), College of Hunan Province, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421008, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-earth Materials Chemistry and Applications &, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and, Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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12
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Sharma MK, Weinert HM, Wölper C, Schulz S. Gallaphosphene L(Cl)GaPGaL: A novel phosphinidene transfer reagent. Chemistry 2024:e202400110. [PMID: 38235843 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Gallaphosphene L(Cl)GaPGaL 1 (L=HC[C(Me)N(Ar)]2 ; Ar=2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 ) reacts with N-heterocyclic carbenes R NHC (R NHC=[CMeN(R)]2 C; R=Me, iPr) to R NHC-coordinated phosphinidenes R NHC→PGa(Cl)L (R=Me 2 a, iPr 2 b) and with isonitriles RNC (R=iPr, Cy) to 1,3-phosphaazaallenes L(Cl)GaP=C=N-R (R=iPr 3 a, Cy 3 b), respectively. Quantum chemical calculations reveal that 2 a/2 b possess two localized lone pair of electrons, whereas 3 a/3 b only show one localized lone pair as was reported for gallaphosphene 1. 2 b reacts with 2.5 equivalents of a borane (THF ⋅ BH3 ) to the NHC-stabilized phosphinidene-borane complex [iPr NHC→P(BH2 )]2 (BH3 )3 4 with concomitant formation of LGa(H)Cl 5. 2-5 are characterized by heteronuclear (1 H, 13 C{1 H}, 31 P{1 H}) NMR and IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and single crystal X-ray diffraction (sc-XRD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra K Sharma
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, D-45141, Essen
| | - Hanns M Weinert
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, D-45141, Essen
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, D-45141, Essen
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5-7, D-45141, Essen
- Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Carl-Benz-Straße 199, D-47057, Duisburg
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13
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Francis M, Nag E, Roy S. Coordination Chemistry of Bis-Cyclic Alkyl(Amino) Carbene (cAAC)-Supported Di-Phosphorus (P 2 ): An Efficient Route to Donor Base-Stabilized Elusive Di-Phosphorus-Monoxide(P 2 O)-Gold Complex. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202300882. [PMID: 38009659 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The stability and reactivity studies of heavier di-atomic group-15 congeners of alkynes, e. g., the di-phosphorus (P≡P) compounds have been the topic of huge interest because of their contrasting transient properties and lower stability compared to those of the stable molecular di-nitrogen (N≡N). Herein, we depict the reactivity studies of the bis-cAAC-stabilized di-phosphorus (P2 ) having an inversely polarized phosphaalkene nature featuring the C=P double bonds with Au(I)Cl. Both the mono-, and the di-aurated phosphaalkenes with the formulae [(Me2 -cAAC=P)2 (AuCl)] (2), and [(Me2 -cAAC=P)2 (AuCl)2 ] (3), respectively have been isolated in the solid state. Moreover, for the first time, we have been able to isolate the cAAC-stabilized tetra-aurated elusive di-phosphorus-monoxide (P2 O) with the formula [(Cy-cAAC=P)-O-(P=cAAC-Cy)(AuCl)4 ] (5) in presence of oxygen. Complexes 2-3, 5 have been structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, and further studied by NMR spectroscopy. Our findings reveal significant elongation of the CcAAC -P bonds in 2-3, 5, and the presence of aurophilic interaction in 5. Quantum chemical calculations, including density functional theory (DFT), and energy decomposition analysis coupled with natural orbitals for chemical valence (EDA-NOCV) have been performed to study the electron densities distribution and nature of bonding in 2-3, 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Francis
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, 517507, India
| | - Ekta Nag
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, 517507, India
| | - Sudipta Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, 517507, India
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14
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Liu Y, Chen X, Yu B. Sustainable Photo- and Electrochemical Transformation of White Phosphorous (P 4 ) into P 1 Organo-Compounds. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302142. [PMID: 37671623 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Elemental white phosphorous (P4 ) is a crucial feedstock for the entire phosphorus-derived chemical industry, serving as a common precursor for the ultimate preparation of high-grade monophosphorus (P1 ) fine chemicals. However, the corresponding manufacturing processes generally suffer from a deep reliance on hazardous reagents, inputs of immense energy, emissions of toxic pollutants, and the generation of substantial waste, which have negative impacts on the environment. In this context, sustainability and safety concerns provide a consistent impetus for the urgent overall improvement of phosphorus cycles. In this Concept, we present an overview of the most recent growth in photo- and electrochemical synthesis of P1 organo-compounds from P4 , with special emphasis on sustainable features. The key aspects of innovations regarding activation mode and mechanism have been comprehensively analyzed. A preliminary look at the possible future direction of development is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Rare Earth Composite Material, College of Materials Engineering, Henan University of Engineering, Zhengzhou, 451191, P. R. China
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolan Chen
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Bing Yu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
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15
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Hoidn CM, Trabitsch K, Schwedtmann K, Taube C, Weigand JJ, Wolf R. Formation of a Hexaphosphido Cobalt Complex through P-P Condensation. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301930. [PMID: 37489883 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The reaction between diphosphorus derivatives [(Cl ImDipp )P2 (Dipp)]OTf (1[OTf]) and [(Cl ImDipp )P2 (Dipp)Cl] (1[Cl]) with the cyclotetraphosphido cobalt complex [K(18c-6)][(PHDI)Co(η4 -cyclo-P4 )] (2) leads to the formation of complex [(PHDI)Co{η4 -cyclo-P6 (Dipp)(Cl ImDipp )}] (3), which features an unusual hexaphosphido ligand [Cl ImDipp =4,5-dichloro-1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-yl, Dipp=2,6-diisopropylphenyl, 18c-6=18-crown-6, PHDI=bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)phenanthrene-9,10-diimine]. Complex 3 was obtained as a crystalline material with a moderate yield at low temperature. Upon exposure to ambient temperature, compound 3 slowly transforms into two other compounds, [K(18c-6)][(PHDI)Co(η4 -P7 Dipp)] (4) and [(PHDI)Co{cyclo-P5 (Cl ImDipp )}] (5). The novel complexes 3-5 were characterized using multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. To shed light on the formation of these compounds, a proposed mechanism based on 31 P NMR monitoring studies is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Hoidn
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karolina Trabitsch
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kai Schwedtmann
- TU Dresden, Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Clemens Taube
- TU Dresden, Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan J Weigand
- TU Dresden, Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Wolf
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
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16
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Huangfu X, Liu W, Xu H, Wang Z, Wei J, Zhang WX. Photochemical Benzylation of White Phosphorus. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:12009-12017. [PMID: 37458455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) have wide application in organic synthesis, material sciences, and drug discovery. Generally, the vast majority of phosphorus atoms in OPCs are derived from white phosphorus (P4). However, the large-scale preparation of OPCs mainly proceeds through the multistep and environmentally toxic chlorine route from P4. Herein, we report the direct benzylation of P4 promoted by visible light. The cheap and readily available benzyl bromide was used as a benzylation reagent, and tetrabenzylphosphonium bromide was directly synthesized from P4. In addition, the metallaphotoredox catalysis strategy was applied to functionalize P4 for the first time, which significantly improved the application range of the substituted benzyl bromide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Huangfu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hanhua Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhongzhen Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junnian Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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17
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Heinl V, Seidl M, Balázs G, Scheer M. Reactivity of [Cp'' 2 Zr(η 1:1 -E 4 )] (E=P, As) towards Nucleophiles. Chemistry 2023:e202301016. [PMID: 37129582 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The functionalization of the polypnictogen ligand complexes [Cp''2 Zr(η1:1 -E4 )] (E=P (1 a), As (1 b); Cp''=1,3-di-tertbutyl-cyclopentadienyl) is focused to modify the features of the polypnictogen unit to explore new synthetic pathways for further transformations. The reaction behavior of 1 towards main group nucleophiles is investigated. The reaction of 1 a with t BuLi leads to the ionic product Li[Cp''2 Zr(η1:1 -P4 t Bu)] (2) where an organic group is attached to a bridgehead phosphorus atom of the butterfly unit. Further reactions of 2 with quenching electrophilic reagents enable the introduction of other substituents. Moreover, a condensation of 2 to [(Cp''2 Zr)2 (μ,η1:1:1:1 -P8 t Bu2 )] (3), containing a novel P8 -unit, has been observed. The reaction of 1 with LiNMe2 and LiCH2 SiMe3 leads to a partial fragmentation of the E4 unit and the compounds [Cp''2 Zr(η2 -E3 Nu)] (Nu=NMe2 : E=P (6 a), As (6 b); Nu=CH2 SiMe3 : E=P (7 a), As (7 b)) are formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Heinl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Seidl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gábor Balázs
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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18
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Yin CW, Tsai MK, Chen YJ. Low-Temperature Observation of the Excited-State Decay of Ruthenium-(Mono-2,2':6',2″-Terpyridine) Ions with Innocent Ligands: DFT Modeling of an 3MLCT- 3MC Intersystem Crossing Pathway. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:11623-11633. [PMID: 37008138 PMCID: PMC10061511 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis, electrochemistry, and photophysical characterization of five 2,2':6',2″-terpyridine ruthenium complexes (Ru-tpy complexes) is reported. The electrochemical and photophysical behavior varied depending on the ligands, i.e., amine (NH3), acetonitrile (AN), and bis(pyrazolyl)methane (bpm), for this series of Ru-tpy complexes. The target [Ru(tpy)(AN)3]2+ and [Ru(tpy)(bpm)(AN)]2+ complexes were found to have low-emission quantum yields in low-temperature observations. To better understand this phenomenon, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to simulate the singlet ground state (S0), Te, and metal-centered excited states (3MC) of these complexes. The calculated energy barriers between Te and the low-lying 3MC state for [Ru(tpy)(AN)3]2+ and [Ru(tpy)(bpm)(AN)]2+ provided clear evidence in support of their emitting state decay behavior. Developing a knowledge of the underlying photophysics of these Ru-tpy complexes will allow new complexes to be designed for use in photophysical and photochemical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Wei Yin
- Department
of Chemistry, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Kang Tsai
- Department
of Chemistry, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan, ROC
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yuan Jang Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan, ROC
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19
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Cooperative Bond Activation and Catalytic CO 2 Functionalization with a Geometrically Constrained Bis(silylene)-Stabilized Borylene. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:7011-7020. [PMID: 36939300 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Metal-ligand cooperativity has emerged as an important strategy to tune the reactivity of transition-metal complexes for the catalysis and activation of small molecules. Studies of main-group compounds, however, are scarce. Here, we report the synthesis, structural characterization, and reactivity of a geometrically constrained bis(silylene)-stabilized borylene. The one-pot reaction of [(SiNSi)Li(OEt2)] (SiNSi = 4,5-bis(silylene)-2,7,9,9-tetramethyl-9H-acridin-10-ide) with 1 equiv of [BBr3(SMe2)] in toluene at room temperature followed by reduction with 2 equiv of potassium graphite (KC8) leads to borylene [(SiNSi)B] (1), isolated as blue crystals in 45% yield. X-ray crystallography shows that borylene (1) has a tricoordinate boron center with a distorted T-shaped geometry. Computational studies reveal that the HOMO of 1 represents the lone pair orbital on the boron center and is delocalized over the Si-B-Si unit, while the geometric perturbation significantly increases its energy. Borylene (1) shows single electron transfer reactivity toward tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (B(C6F5)3), forming a frustrated radical pair [(SiNSi)B]•+[B(C6F5)3]•-, which can be trapped by its reaction with PhSSPh, affording an ion pair [(SiNSi)BSPh][PhSB(C6F5)3] (3). Remarkably, the cooperation between borylene and silylene allows the facile cleavage of the N-H bond of aniline, the P-P bond in white phosphorus, and the C═O bond in ketones and carbon dioxide, thus representing a new type of main-group element-ligand cooperativity for the activation of small molecules. In addition, 1 is a strikingly effective catalyst for carbon dioxide reduction. Computational studies reveal that the cooperation between borylene and silylene plays a key role in the catalytic chemical bond activation process.
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20
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Dodonov VA, Makarov VM, Zemnyukova MN, Razborov DA, Baranov EV, Bogomyakov AS, Ovcharenko VI, Fedushkin IL. Stability and Solution Behavior of [(dpp-Bian)Ln] and [(dpp-Bian)LnX] (Ln = Yb, Tm, or Dy; X = I, F, or N 3). Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir A. Dodonov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (IOMC RAS), Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Valentin M. Makarov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (IOMC RAS), Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Marina N. Zemnyukova
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (IOMC RAS), Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Danila A. Razborov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (IOMC RAS), Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeny V. Baranov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (IOMC RAS), Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Artem S. Bogomyakov
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 3a, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Victor I. Ovcharenko
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 3a, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Igor L. Fedushkin
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (IOMC RAS), Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
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21
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Hauser A, Münzfeld L, Schlittenhardt S, Köppe R, Uhlmann C, Rauska UC, Ruben M, Roesky PW. Molecular cyclo-P 3 complexes of the rare-earth elements via a one-pot reaction and selective reduction. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2149-2158. [PMID: 36845933 PMCID: PMC9945584 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06730g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of new organo-lanthanide polyphosphides with an aromatic cyclo-[P4]2- moiety and a cyclo-[P3]3- moiety is presented. For this purpose, the divalent LnII-complexes [(NON)LnII(thf)2] (Ln = Sm, Yb) ((NON)2- = 4,5-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl-amino)-2,7-di-tert-butyl-9,9-dimethylxanthene) and trivalent LnIII-complexes [(NON)LnIIIBH4(thf)2] (Ln = Y, Sm, Dy) were used as precursors in the reduction process of white phosphorus. While using [(NON)LnII(thf)2] as a one-electron reducing agent the formation of organo-lanthanide polyphosphides with a cyclo-[P4]2- Zintl anion was observed. For comparison, we investigated a multi-electron reduction of P4 by a one-pot reaction of [(NON)LnIIIBH4(thf)2] with elemental potassium. As products molecular polyphosphides with a cyclo-[P3]3- moiety were isolated. The same compound could also be obtained by reducing the cyclo-[P4]2- Zintl anion within the coordination sphere of SmIII in [{(NON)SmIII(thf)2}2(μ-η4:η4-P4)]. Reduction of a polyphosphide within the coordination sphere of a lanthanide complex is unprecedented. Additionally, the magnetic properties of the dinuclear DyIII-compound bearing a bridging cyclo-[P3]3- moiety were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Hauser
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 15 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Luca Münzfeld
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 15 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Sören Schlittenhardt
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1D-76344 Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Ralf Köppe
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 15 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Cedric Uhlmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 15 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Ulf-Christian Rauska
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 15 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Mario Ruben
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1D-76344 Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany,Centre Européen de Science Quantique (CESQ), Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS, UMR 7006), CNRS-Université de Strasbourg8 allée Gaspard Monge BP 7002867083 Strasbourg CedexFrance,Institute of Quantum Materials and Technologies (IQMT), Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyHermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344 Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Peter W. Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstraße 15D-76131 KarlsruheGermany
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22
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Senthil S, Gau MR, Mindiola DJ. A Contiguous Tricyclic [P 6] 2– Framework Spanning Across Two Vanadium(III) Centers. Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuruthi Senthil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Michael R. Gau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Daniel J. Mindiola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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23
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Sabater E, Solà M, Salvador P, Andrada DM. Cage-size effects on the encapsulation of P 2 by fullerenes. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:268-277. [PMID: 35546081 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The classic pnictogen dichotomy stands for the great contrast between triply bonding very stable N2 molecules and its heavier congeners, which appear as dimers or oligomers. A banner example involves phosphorus as it occurs in nature as P4 instead of P2 , given its weak π-bonds or strong σ-bonds. The P2 synthetic value has brought Lewis bases and metal coordination stabilization strategies. Herein, we discuss the unrealized encapsulation alternative using the well-known fullerenes' capability to form endohedral and stabilize otherwise unstable molecules. We chose the most stable fullerene structures from Cn (n = 50, 60, 70, 80) and experimentally relevant from Cn (n = 90 and 100) to computationally study the thermodynamics and the geometrical consequences of encapsulating P2 inside the fullerene cages. Given the size differences between P2 and P4 , we show that the fullerenes C70 -C100 are suitable cages to side exclude P4 and host only one molecule of P2 with an intact triple bond. The thermodynamic analysis indicates that the process is favorable, overcoming the dimerization energy. Additionally, we have evaluated the host-guest interaction to explain the origins of their stability using energy decomposition analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enric Sabater
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Girona
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Girona
| | - Pedro Salvador
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Girona
| | - Diego M Andrada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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24
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Riesinger C, Dielmann F, Szlosek R, Virovets AV, Scheer M. Synthesis and Reactivity of a Cyclooctatetraene-Like Polyphosphorus Ligand Complex [Cyclo-P 8 ]. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218828. [PMID: 36692270 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The thermolysis of Cp'''Ta(CO)4 with white phosphorus (P4 ) gives access to [{Cp'''Ta}2 (μ,η2 : 2 : 2 : 2 : 1 : 1 -P8 )] (A), representing the first complex containing a cyclooctatetraene-like (COT) cyclo-P8 ligand. While ring sizes of n >6 have remained elusive for cyclo-Pn structural motifs, the choice of the transition metal, co-ligand and reaction conditions allowed the isolation of A. Reactivity investigations reveal its versatile coordination behaviour as well as its redox properties. Oxidation leads to dimerization to afford [{Cp'''Ta}4 (μ4 ,η2 : 2 : 2 : 2 : 2 : 2 : 2 : 2 : 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 -P16 )][TEF]2 (4, TEF=[Al(OC{CF3 }3 )4 ]- ). Reduction, however, leads to the fission of one P-P bond in A followed by rapid dimerization to form [K@[2.2.2]cryptand]2 [{Cp'''Ta}4 (μ4 ,η2 : 2 : 2 : 2 : 2 : 2 : 2 : 2 : 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 -P16 )] (5), which features an unprecedented chain-type P16 ligand. Lastly, A serves as a P2 synthon, via ring contraction to the triple-decker complex [{Cp'''Ta}2 (μ,η6 : 6 -P6 )] (B).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Riesinger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Dielmann
- Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Robert Szlosek
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Alexander V Virovets
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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25
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Haimerl M, Piesch M, Yadav R, Roesky PW, Scheer M. Reactivity of E 4 (E 4 =P 4 , As 4 , AsP 3 ) towards Low-Valent Al(I) and Ga(I) Compounds. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202529. [PMID: 36173973 PMCID: PMC10100333 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The reactivity of yellow arsenic and the interpnictogen compound AsP3 towards low-valent group 13 compounds was investigated. The reactions of [LAl] (1, L=[{N(C6 H3 i Pr2 -2,6)C(Me)}2 CH]- ) with As4 and AsP3 lead to [(LAl)2 (μ,η1:1:1:1 -E4 )] (E4 =As4 (3 b), AsP3 (3 c)) by insertion of two fragments [LAl] into two of the six E-E edges of the E4 tetrahedra. Furthermore, the reaction of [LGa] (2) with E4 afforded [LGa(η1:1 -E4 )] (E4 =As4 (4 b), AsP3 (4 c)). In these compounds, only one E-E bond of the E4 tetrahedra was cleaved. These compounds represent the first examples of the conversion of yellow arsenic and AsP3 , respectively, with group 13 compounds. Furthermore, the reactivity of the gallium complexes towards unsaturated transition metal units or polypnictogen (En ) ligand complexes was investigated. This leads to the heterobimetallic compounds [(LGa)(μ,η2:1:1 -P4 )(LNi)] (5 a), [(Cp'''Co)(μ,η4:1:1 -E4 )(LGa)] (E=P (6 a), As (6 b), Cp'''=η5 -C5 H2 t Bu3 ) and [(Cp'''Ni)(η3:1:1 -E3 )(LGa)] (E=P (7 a), As (7 b)), which combine two different ligand systems in one complex (nacnac and Cp) as well as two different types of metals (main group and transition metals). The products were characterized by crystallographic and spectroscopic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Haimerl
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martin Piesch
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ravi Yadav
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter W Roesky
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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26
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Senthil S, Kwon S, Fehn D, Im H, Gau MR, Carroll PJ, Baik MH, Meyer K, Mindiola DJ. Metal-Ligand Cooperativity to Assemble a Neutral and Terminal Niobium Phosphorus Triple Bond (Nb≡P). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212488. [PMID: 36195827 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Decarbonylation along with P-atom transfer from the phosphaethynolate anion, PCO- , to the NbIV complex [(PNP)NbCl2 (Nt BuAr)] (1) (PNP=N[2-Pi Pr2 -4-methylphenyl]2 - ; Ar=3,5-Me2 C6 H3 ) results in its coupling with one of the phosphine arms of the pincer ligand to produce a phosphanylidene phosphorane complex [(PNPP)NbCl(Nt BuAr)] (2). Reduction of 2 with CoCp*2 cleaves the P-P bond to form the first neutral and terminal phosphido complex of a group 5 transition metal, namely, [(PNP)Nb≡P(Nt BuAr)] (3). Theoretical studies have been used to understand both the coupling of the P-atom and the reductive cleavage of the P-P bond. Reaction of 3 with a two-electron oxidant such as ethylene sulfide results in a diamagnetic sulfido complex having a P-P coupled ligand, namely [(PNPP)Nb=S(Nt BuAr)] (4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuruthi Senthil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Seongyeon Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dominik Fehn
- Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hoyoung Im
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael R Gau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Patrick J Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel J Mindiola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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27
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Hu J, Chai Z, Liu W, Wei J, Lv ZJ, Zhang WX. Direct and chlorine-free synthesis of phosphafluorenes or their oxides from white phosphorus. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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28
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29
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Yang C, Jiang X, Chen Q, Leng X, Xiao J, Ye S, Deng L. Signet-Ring-Shaped Octaphosphorus–Cobalt Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, and Functionalization Reactions with Carbene Analogs. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20785-20796. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengbo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xuebin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xuebing Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shengfa Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Liang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
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30
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Kuchkaev AM, Kuchkaev AM, Khayarov KR, Zueva EM, Dobrynin AB, Islamov DR, Yakhvarov DG. PNP Ligands in Cobalt‐Mediated Activation and Functionalization of White Phosphorus. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210973. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Airat M. Kuchkaev
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS Arbuzov Street 8 Kazan 420088 Russian Federation
- Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry Kazan Federal University Kremlyovskaya Street 18 Kazan 420008 Russian Federation
| | - Aidar M. Kuchkaev
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS Arbuzov Street 8 Kazan 420088 Russian Federation
- Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry Kazan Federal University Kremlyovskaya Street 18 Kazan 420008 Russian Federation
| | - Khasan R. Khayarov
- Institute of Physics Kazan Federal University Kremlyovskaya Street 18 Kazan 420008 Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina M. Zueva
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS Arbuzov Street 8 Kazan 420088 Russian Federation
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry Kazan National Research Technological University Karl Marx Street 68 Kazan 420015 Russian Federation
| | - Alexey B. Dobrynin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS Arbuzov Street 8 Kazan 420088 Russian Federation
| | - Daut R. Islamov
- Laboratory for Structural Studies of Biomacromolecules FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS Lobachevskogo Street 2/31 Kazan 420111 Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry G. Yakhvarov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS Arbuzov Street 8 Kazan 420088 Russian Federation
- Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry Kazan Federal University Kremlyovskaya Street 18 Kazan 420008 Russian Federation
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31
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Coordination of cage compounds by Cu(I) nacnac compounds. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.115957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Hill MS, Mahon MF, Neale SE, Pearce KG, Schwamm RJ, McMullin C. White Phosphorus Reduction and Oligomerization by a Potassium Diamidoalumanyl. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Stephen Hill
- University of Bath Chemistry Department of ChemistryUniversity of BathClaverton Down BA2 7AY Bath UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Mary F. Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Samuel E. Neale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Kyle G. Pearce
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Ryan J. Schwamm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK UNITED KINGDOM
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33
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Garbagnati A, Piesch M, Seidl M, Balázs G, Scheer M. Halogenation and Nucleophilic Quenching: Two Routes to E−X Bond Formation in Cobalt Triple‐Decker Complexes (E=As, P; X=F, Cl, Br, I). Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201026. [PMID: 35575044 PMCID: PMC9400891 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation of [(Cp’’’Co)2(μ,η2 : η2‐E2)2] (E=As (1), P (2); Cp’’’=1,2,4‐tri(tert‐butyl)cyclopentadienyl) with halogens or halogen sources (I2, PBr5, PCl5) was investigated. For the arsenic derivative, the ionic compounds [(Cp’’’Co)2(μ,η4 : η4−As4X)][Y] (X=I, Y=[As6I8]0.5 (3 a), Y=[Co2Cl6‐nIn]0.5 (n=0, 2, 4; 3 b); X=Br, Y=[Co2Br6]0.5 (4); X=Cl, Y=[Co2Cl6]0.5 (5)) were isolated. The oxidation of the phosphorus analogue 2 with bromine and chlorine sources yielded the ionic complexes [(Cp’’’Co)2(μ‐PBr2)2(μ‐Br)][Co2Br6]0.5 (6 a), [(Cp’’’Co)2(μ‐PCl2)2(μ‐Cl)][Co2Cl6]0.5 (6 b) and the neutral species [(Cp’’’Co)2(μ‐PCl2)(μ‐PCl)(μ,η1 : η1‐P2Cl3] (7), respectively. As an alternative approach, quenching of the dications [(Cp’’’Co)2(μ,η4 : η4‐E4)][TEF]2 (TEF=[Al{OC(CF3)3}4]−, E=As (8), P (9)) with KI yielded [(Cp’’’Co)2(μ,η4 : η4‐As4I)][I] (10), representing the homologue of 3, and the neutral complex [(Cp’’’Co)(Cp’’’CoI2)(μ,η4 : η1‐P4)] (11), respectively. The use of [(CH3)4N]F instead of KI leads to the formation of [(Cp’’’Co)2(μ‐PF2)(μ,η2 : η1 : η1‐P3F2)] (12) and 2, thereby revealing synthetic access to polyphosphorus compounds bearing P−F groups and avoiding the use of very strong fluorinating reagents, such as XeF2, that are difficult to control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Garbagnati
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry University of Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Martin Piesch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry University of Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Michael Seidl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry University of Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Gábor Balázs
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry University of Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry University of Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
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34
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Till M, Cammarata J, Wolf R, Scott DJ. Photocatalytic stannylation of white phosphorus. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8986-8989. [PMID: 35861572 PMCID: PMC9362875 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03474c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) are highly important chemicals, finding numerous applications in both academia and industry. Herein we describe a simple photocatalytic method for the stannylation of white phosphorus (P4) using a cheap, commercially-available distannane, (Bu3Sn)2, and anthraquinone as a simple photocatalyst. Subsequent ‘one pot’ transformation of the resulting stannylated monophosphine intermediate (Bu3Sn)3P provides direct, convenient and versatile access to valuable OPCs such as acylated phosphines and tetraalkylphosphonium salts. A simple, mechanistically unique photochemical procedure is reported for the efficient, direct, catalytic stannylation of P4 and ‘one pot’ transformation into valuable monophosphorus compounds.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Till
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, 93040, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Jose Cammarata
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, 93040, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Robert Wolf
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, 93040, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Daniel J Scott
- University of Oxford, Department of Chemistry, OX1 3TA, Oxford, UK.
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35
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Scott DJ. Recent Breakthroughs in P 4 Chemistry: Towards Practical, Direct Transformations into P 1 Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205019. [PMID: 35482300 PMCID: PMC9401861 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
For several decades, academic researchers have been intensively studying the chemistry of white phosphorus (P4 ) in the hope of developing direct methods for its transformation into useful P-containing products. This would bypass the hazardous, multistep procedures currently relied on by industry. However, while academically interesting P4 activation reactions have become well established, their elaboration into useful, general synthetic procedures has remained out of reach. Very recently, however, a series of independent reports has begun to change this state of affairs. Each shows how relatively simple and practical synthetic methods can be used to access academically or industrially relevant P1 compounds from P4 directly, in "one pot" or even in a catalytic fashion. These reports mark a step change in the field of P4 chemistry, and suggest its possible transition from an area of largely academic interest to one with the promise of true synthetic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Scott
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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36
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Xiong Y, Dong S, Yao S, Zhu J, Driess M. Unexpected White Phosphorus (P
4
) Activation Modes with Silylene‐Substituted
o
‐Carboranes and Access to an Isolable 1,3‐Diphospha‐2,4‐disilabutadiene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205358. [PMID: 35502702 PMCID: PMC9401593 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xiong
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials Technische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Shicheng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Shenglai Yao
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials Technische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Matthias Driess
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials Technische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
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37
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Hu J, Liu W, Zhang WX. Direct functionalization of white phosphorus by organolithium reagents to organophosphorus compounds. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2021.2008933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
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38
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Xiong Y, Dong S, Yao S, Zhu J, Driess M. Unexpected White Phosphorus (P
4
) Activation Modes with Silylene‐Substituted
o
‐Carboranes and Access to an Isolable 1,3‐Diphospha‐2,4‐disilabutadiene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xiong
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials Technische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Shicheng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Shenglai Yao
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials Technische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Matthias Driess
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials Technische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
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39
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Uttendorfer MK, Hierlmeier G, Wolf R. A Homoleptic Diphosphatetrahedrane Nickel(0) Complex. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria K. Uttendorfer
- University of Regensburg: Universitat Regensburg Institute of Inorganic Chemistry 93040 Regensburg GERMANY
| | - Gabriele Hierlmeier
- University of Regensburg: Universitat Regensburg Institute of Inorganic Chemistry 93040 Regensburg GERMANY
| | - Robert Wolf
- University of Regensburg Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg GERMANY
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40
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Scott DJ. Recent Breakthroughs in P4 Chemistry: Towards Practical, Direct Transformations into P1 Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Scott
- University of Oxford Department of Chemistry Chemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield Road OX1 3TA OXFORD UNITED KINGDOM
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41
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Donath M, Schwedtmann K, Schneider T, Hennersdorf F, Bauzá A, Frontera A, Weigand JJ. Direct conversion of white phosphorus to versatile phosphorus transfer reagents via oxidative onioation. Nat Chem 2022; 14:384-391. [PMID: 35379968 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-00913-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The main feedstock for the value-added phosphorus chemicals used in industry and research is white phosphorus (P4), from which the key intermediate for forming P(III) compounds is PCl3. Owing to its high reactivity, syntheses based on PCl3 are often accompanied by product mixtures and laborious work-up procedures, so an alternative process to form a viable P(III) transfer reagent is desirable. Our concept of oxidative onioation, where white phosphorus is selectively converted into triflate salts of versatile P1 transfer reagents such as [P(LN)3][OTf]3 (LN is a cationic, N-based substituent; that is, 4-dimethylaminopyridinio), provides a convenient alternative for the implementation of P-O, P-N and P-C bonds while circumventing the use of PCl3. We use p-block element compounds of type RnE (for example, Ph3As or PhI) to access weak adducts between nitrogen Lewis bases LN and the corresponding dications [RnELN]2+. The proposed equilibrium between [RnELN]2+ + LN and [RnE(LN)2]2+ allows for the complete oxidative onioation of all six P-P bonds in P4 to yield highly reactive and versatile trications [P(LN)3]3+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Donath
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kai Schwedtmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tobias Schneider
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Felix Hennersdorf
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Antonio Bauzá
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jan J Weigand
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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42
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Wang S, Sears JD, Moore CE, Rheingold AL, Neidig ML, Figueroa JS. Side-on coordination of diphosphorus to a mononuclear iron center. Science 2022; 375:1393-1397. [PMID: 35324298 PMCID: PMC9210196 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn7100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The diagonal relationship in the periodic table between phosphorus and carbon has set an expectation that the triple-bonded diatomic diphosphorus molecule (P2) should more closely mimic the attributes of acetylene (HC≡CH) rather than its group 15 congener dinitrogen (N2). Although acetylene has well-documented coordination chemistry with mononuclear transition metals, coordination complexes that feature P2 bound to a single metal center have remained elusive. We report the isolation and x-ray crystallographic characterization of a mononuclear iron complex featuring P2 coordination in a side-on, η2-binding mode. An analogous η2-bound bis-timethylsilylacetylene iron complex is reported for comparison. Nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, and Mössbauer spectroscopic analysis-in conjunction with density functional theory calculations-demonstrate that η2-P2 and η2-acetylene ligands exert a similar electronic demand on mononuclear iron centers but exhibit different reactivity profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0358, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Sears
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Curtis E. Moore
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 88 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0358, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA
| | - Michael L. Neidig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Joshua S. Figueroa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0358, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA
- Corresponding author.
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43
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Reinfandt N, Hauser A, Münzfeld L, Roesky PW. From a nanoparticular solid-state material to molecular organo-f-element-polyarsenides. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3363-3368. [PMID: 35432861 PMCID: PMC8943856 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05797a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A convenient pathway to new molecular organo-lanthanide-polyarsenides in general and to a f-element complex with the largest polyarsenide ligand in detail is reported. For this purpose, the activation of the solid state material As0 nano (nanoscale gray arsenic) by the multi electron reducing agents [K(18-crown-6)][(Ln+II)2(μ-η6:η6-C6H6)] (Ln = La, Ce, Cp'' = 1,3-bis(trimethylsilyl)cyclopentadienyl anion) and [K(18-crown-6)]2[(Ln+II)2(μ-η6:η6-C6H6)] (Ln = Ce, Nd) is shown. These non-classical divalent lanthanide compounds were used as three and four electron reducing agents where the product formation can be directed by variation of the applied reactant. The obtained Zintl anions As3 3-, As7 3-, and As14 4- were previously not accessible in molecular 4f-element chemistry. Additionally, the corresponding compounds with As14 4--moieties represent the largest organo-lanthanide-polyarsenides known to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Reinfandt
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr. 15 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Adrian Hauser
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr. 15 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Luca Münzfeld
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr. 15 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Peter W Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr. 15 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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Basappa S, Bhawar R, Nagaraju DH, Bose SK. Recent advances in the chemistry of the phosphaethynolate and arsaethynolate anions. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:3778-3806. [PMID: 35108724 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03994f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the reactivity of 2-phosphaethynolate (OCP-), a heavier analogue of the cyanate anion, has been the subject of momentous interest in the field of modern organometallic chemistry. It is used as a precursor to novel phosphorus-containing heterocycles and as a ligand in decarbonylative processes, serving as a synthetic equivalent of a phosphinidene derivative. This perspective aims to describe advances in the reactivities of phosphaethynolate and arsaethynolate anions (OCE-; E = P, As) with main-group element, transition metal, and f-block metal scaffolds. Further, the unique structures and bonding properties are discussed based on spectroscopic and theoretical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suma Basappa
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences (CNMS), Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore-562112, India.
| | - Ramesh Bhawar
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences (CNMS), Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore-562112, India.
| | - D H Nagaraju
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, Reva University, Bangalore 560064, India.
| | - Shubhankar Kumar Bose
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences (CNMS), Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore-562112, India.
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45
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Heinl V, Balázs G, Seidl M, Scheer M. Synthesis of polyantimony ligand complexes starting from Cp* 4Sb 4. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:2484-2487. [PMID: 35083995 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06770b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of Cp*4Sb4 (1) towards ionic compounds and transition metal complexes with labile ligands was investigated in order to synthesize polyantimony ligand complexes. The silver salts [Ag][X] and the metalate Na[Cp*Mo(CO)3] were primarily used, leading in the raction with Cp*4Sb4 to the formation of [Cp*2Sb][X] (X = TEF (2a), FAL (2b)), [(Cp*Mo(CO)3)3(μ3-Sb3)] (3) and [Cp*Mo(CO)2(η3-Sb3)] (4), respectively. The reaction of 1 with the transition metal complexes [(Cp'''M)2(tol)] leads to a degradation of the original Sb4 unit and to the formation of [(Cp'''M)4(μ3-Sb)4] (M = Ni (5); Co (6)). Towards [CpRFe(CO)2]2, substitutions on the antimony atoms were observed to give [{CpRFe(CO)2}4(μ4-Sb4)] (CpR = Cp'' (7a), Cp''' (7b)). All complexes were characterized by XRD and spectroscopic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Heinl
- Institute for Ionorganic Chemistry, University or Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Gábor Balázs
- Institute for Ionorganic Chemistry, University or Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Michael Seidl
- Institute for Ionorganic Chemistry, University or Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institute for Ionorganic Chemistry, University or Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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Ura R, Tsurusaki A, Kamikawa K. Palladium(II) complexes of bis(diphosphene) with different coordination behaviors. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:2943-2952. [PMID: 35107100 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03806k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds possessing a P-P double-bond character are intriguing materials in coordination chemistry because it is possible to form a variety of coordination modes from the π-bond in addition to the lone pairs. We report herein the complexation of a new bidentate ligand, ethylene-tethered bis(binaphthyldiphosphene) (S,S)-2, with palladium(II) species. The reaction of (S,S)-2 with [Pd(π-allyl)(cod)](SbF6) and PdCl2(cod) afforded η1/η1-bis(diphosphene) complex 7 and η1-diphosphene/η2-phosphanylphosphide complex 8, respectively. The latter was characterized by a chloride migration from the palladium atom to a phosphorus atom due to the high electron-accepting character of the PP moiety. Theoretical calculations revealed the migration process and nature of complex 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikako Ura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Tsurusaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Ken Kamikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
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47
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Mei Y, Yan Z, Liu LL. Facile Synthesis of the Dicyanophosphide Anion via Electrochemical Activation of White Phosphorus: An Avenue to Organophosphorus Compounds. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:1517-1522. [PMID: 35041429 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) have gained tremendous interest in the past decades due to their wide applications ranging from synthetic chemistry to materials and biological sciences. We describe herein a practical and versatile approach for the transformation of white phosphorus (P4) into useful OPCs with high P atom economy via a key bridging anion [P(CN)2]-. This anion can be prepared on a gram scale directly from P4 through an electrochemical process. A variety of OPCs involving phosphinidenes, cyclophosphanes, and phospholides have been made readily accessible from P4 in a two-step manner. Our approach has a significant impact on the future preparation of OPCs in laboratory and industrial settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Mei
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zeen Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Roesky HW, Kushvaha SK, Mishra A, Mondal KC. Recent advances in the domain of Cyclic (alkyl)(amino) carbenes. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202101301. [PMID: 34989475 PMCID: PMC9307053 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202101301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Isolation of cyclic (alkyl) amino carbenes (cAACs) in 2005 has been a major achievement in the field of stable carbenes due to their better electronic properties. cAACs and bicyclic(alkyl)(amino)carbene (BicAAC) in essence are the most electrophilic as well as nucleophilic carbenes are known till date. Due to their excellent electronic properties in terms of nucleophilic and electrophilic character, cAACs have been utilized in different areas of chemistry, including stabilization of low valent main group and transition metal species, activation of small molecules, and catalysis. The applications of cAACs in catalysis have opened up new avenues of research in the field of cAAC chemistry. This review summarizes the major results of cAAC chemistry published until August 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert W Roesky
- Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen, Department of Chemistry, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, GERMANY
| | | | - Ankush Mishra
- IIT Madras: Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chemistry, INDIA
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49
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Krauss H, Balázs G, Seidl M, Scheer M. The influence of differently substituted cyclopentadienyl CpR ligands on the reactivity of [CpRFe(CO)2]2 with yellow arsenic. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2022.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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50
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Roy MMD, Heilmann A, Ellwanger MA, Aldridge S. Generation of a π-Bonded Isomer of [P 4 ] 4- by Aluminyl Reduction of White Phosphorus and its Ammonolysis to PH 3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26550-26554. [PMID: 34677901 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
By employing the highly reducing aluminyl complex [K{(NON)Al}]2 (NON=4,5-bis(2,6-diisopropylanilido)-2,7-di-tert-butyl-9,9-dimethylxanthene), we demonstrate the controlled formation of P4 2- and P4 4- complexes from white phosphorus, and chemically reversible inter-conversion between them. The tetra-anion features a unique planar π-bonded structure, with the incorporation of the K+ cations implicit in the use of the anionic nucleophile offering additional stabilization of the unsaturated isomer of the P4 4- fragment. This complex is extremely reactive, acting as a source of P3- : exposure to ammonia leads to the release of phosphine (PH3 ) under mild conditions (room temperature and pressure), which contrast with those necessitated for the direct combination of P4 and NH3 (>5 kbar and >250 °C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M D Roy
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Andreas Heilmann
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Mathias A Ellwanger
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
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