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Lerena L, Zuzak R, Godlewski S, Echavarren AM. The Journey for the Synthesis of Large Acenes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202402122. [PMID: 39077888 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202402122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Acenes, the group of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with linearly fused benzene rings, possess distinctive electronic properties with potential applicability in material science. Hexacene was the largest acene obtained and characterized in the last century, followed by heptacene in 2006. Since then, a race for obtaining the largest acene resulted in the development of several members of this family as well as diverse innovative synthetic strategies, from solid-state chemistry to the promising on-surface chemistry. This last technique allows the obtention of large acenes, up to tridecacene, the largest acene so far. This review presents the different methodologies employed for the synthesis of acenes, highlighting the newest studies, to provide a much more thorough understanding of the essence of the electronic structure of this captivating group of organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lerena
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), CERCA, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Rafal Zuzak
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Szymon Godlewski
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Antonio M Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), CERCA, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
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2
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Das A, Kumaran S, Ravi Sankar HS, Premkumar JR, Sundararaju B. A Dual Cobalt-Photoredox Catalytic Approach for Asymmetric Dearomatization of Indoles with Aryl Amides via C-H Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406195. [PMID: 38896502 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we unveil a novel method for the asymmetric dearomatization of indoles under cobalt/photoredox catalysis. By strategically activating C-H bonds of amides and subsequent migratory insertion of π-bonds present in indole as reactive partner, we achieve syn-selective tetrahydro-5H-indolo[2,3-c]isoquinolin-5-one derivatives with excellent yields and enantiomeric excesses of up to >99 %. The developed method operates without a metal oxidant, relying solely on oxygen as the oxidant and employing an organic dye as a photocatalyst under irradiation. Control experiments and stoichiometric studies elucidate the reversible nature of the enantiodetermining C-H activation step, albeit not being rate-determining. This study not only expands the horizon of cobalt-catalyzed asymmetric C-H bond functionalization, but also showcases the potential synergy between cobalt and photoredox catalysis in enabling asymmetric synthesis of complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Das
- Department of chemistry, Indian Institution of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India-, 208 016
| | - Subramani Kumaran
- Department of chemistry, Indian Institution of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India-, 208 016
| | | | - J Richard Premkumar
- PG & Research Department of Chemistry, Bishop Heber College, Tiruchirappalli, 620017, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Basker Sundararaju
- Department of chemistry, Indian Institution of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India-, 208 016
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3
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Kirana B, Shanmukha MC, Usha A. Comparative study of Sombor index and its various versions using regression models for top priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19841. [PMID: 39191878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69442-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The aromatic compounds having structural configurations with two or more fused benzene rings are the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Topological indices are valuable tools for studying the structure property relationships of PAHs and also helps in predicting various properties and activities. They find applications widely in computational chemistry, drug design and QSPR studies. This article focuses on analysing the potential predictive index for Sombor index (SO), elliptic Sombor index (ESO), Euler Sombor index (EU), reverse Sombor index (RSO), reverse elliptic Sombor index (RESO) and reverse Euler Sombor index (REU) using regression models for top priority 38 PAHs. From the study it is evident that, SO and RSO have proved to be potential predictive indices among the considered degree-based and reverse degree-based indices. The variation of best predictive index with minimal RMSE are plotted for linear, quadratic and cubic regression models for better understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kirana
- Department of Mathematics, KVG College of Engineering, Sullia, 574327, India
- Visvesveraya Technological University, Belagavi, 590018, India
| | - M C Shanmukha
- Department of Mathematics, PES Institute of Technology and Management, Shivamogga, 577204, India.
- Visvesveraya Technological University, Belagavi, 590018, India.
| | - A Usha
- Department of Mathematics, Alliance School of Sciences, Alliance University, Bangalore, 562106, India
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4
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Zhang WW, Feng Z, You SL, Zheng C. Electrophile-Arene Affinity: An Energy Scale for Evaluating the Thermodynamics of Electrophilic Dearomatization Reactions. J Org Chem 2024; 89:11487-11501. [PMID: 39077910 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Rational design and development of organic reactions are lofty goals in synthetic chemistry. Quantitative description of the properties of molecules and reactions by physical organic parameters plays an important role in this regard. In this Article, we report an energy scale, namely, electrophile-arene affinity (EAA), for evaluating the thermodynamics of electrophilic dearomatization reactions, a class of important transformations that can rapidly build up molecular complexity and structural diversity by converting planar aromatic compounds into three-dimensional cyclic molecules. The acquisition of EAA data can be readily achieved by theoretically calculating the enthalpy changes (ΔH) of the hypothetical reactions of various (cationic) electrophiles with aromatic systems (taking the 1-methylnaphthalen-2-olate ion as an example in this study). Linear correlations are found between the calculated ΔH values and established physical organic parameters such as the percentage of buried volume %VBur (steric effect), Hammett's σ or Brown's σ+ (electronic effect), and Mayr's E (reaction kinetics). Careful analysis of the ΔH values leads to the rational design of a dearomative alkynylation reaction using alkynyl hypervalent iodonium reagents as the electrophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wen Zhang
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zuolijun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shu-Li You
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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5
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Liu Y, Yuan L, Fan Z, Yang J, Wang Y, Dou C. Boron-doped double [6]carbohelicenes: a combination of helicene and boron-doped π-systems. Chem Sci 2024; 15:12819-12826. [PMID: 39148780 PMCID: PMC11322965 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03124e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicenes, featuring unique helical structures, have a long history as three-dimensional polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Incorporation of heteroatoms into helicenes may alter their electronic structures and achieve unexpected physical properties. Here, we disclose fusion of boron-doped π-systems onto helicenes as an efficient strategy to design boron-doped carbohelicenes. Two boron-doped double [6]carbohelicenes were synthesized, which possess the C58B2 and C86B2 polycyclic π-skeletons containing two [6]helicene subunits, respectively. The C86B2 molecule thus represents the largest-size helicene-based boron-doped PAH. A thorough investigation reveals that the helicene moieties and boron atoms endow the polycyclic π-systems with delocalized electronic structures, and well-tunable ground-state and excited-state photophysical properties. It is notable that the C58B2 molecule displays excited-state stimulated emission behavior and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) properties in not only the blend films with various doped concentrations but also the pure film. To our knowledge, it is the first example of ASE-active [n]helicene (n ≥ 6), and moreover, such robust ASE performance has rarely been observed in PAHs, demonstrating the promising utility of boron-doped carbohelicenes for laser materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Liuzhong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Zengming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Jingyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Chuandong Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
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6
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Fu Z, Treacy JW, Hosier BM, Houk KN, Maynard HD. Controlling rates and reversibilities of elimination reactions of hydroxybenzylammoniums by tuning dearomatization energies. Chem Sci 2024; 15:10448-10454. [PMID: 38994402 PMCID: PMC11234877 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02985b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydroxybenzylammonium compounds can undergo a reversible 1,4- or 1,6-elimination to afford quinone methide intermediates after release of the amine. These molecules are useful for the reversible conjugation of payloads to amines. We hypothesized that aromaticity could be used to alter the rate of reversibility as a distinct thermodynamic driving force. We describe the use of density functional theory (DFT) calculations to determine the effect of aromaticity on the rate of release of the amine from hydroxybenzylammonium compounds. Namely, the aromatic scaffold affects the dearomatization reaction to reduce the kinetic barrier and prevent the reversibility of the amine elimination. We consequently synthesized a small library of polycyclic hydroxybenzylammoniums, which resulted in a range of release half-lives from 18 minutes to 350 hours. The novel mechanistic insight provided herein significantly expands the range of release rates amenable to hydroxybenzylammonium-containing compounds. This work provides another way to affect the rate of payload release in hydroxybenzylammoniums.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihuan Fu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles California 90095-1569 USA
| | - Joseph W Treacy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles California 90095-1569 USA
| | - Brock M Hosier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles California 90095-1569 USA
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles California 90095-1569 USA
| | - Heather D Maynard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles California 90095-1569 USA
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7
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Kenouche S, Bachir N, Bouchal W, Martínez-Araya JI. Aromaticity of six-membered nitro energetic compounds through molecular electrostatic potential, magnetic, electronic delocalization and reactivity-based indices. J Mol Graph Model 2024; 129:108728. [PMID: 38412811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2024.108728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The electron density depletion associated with π-hole at the ring center typical of energetic compounds was clearly revealed by the molecular electrostatic potential (ESP). In addition, the spatial arrangement of NO2 groups appears to affect the ESP value in the ring center, and therefore sensitivity to detonation. Indeed, for monocyclic nitrobenzene compounds with the same number of NO2 groups, the ESP value in the ring center decreases as the NO2 groups are more closely spaced. As expected, the central rings become less aromatic as NO2 groups are added. The MCI, PDI, PLR, NICSzz(1), FLU indices are all strongly correlated with the ESP values observed in the ring center of the set of nitrobenzenes. Aromaticity indices based on electron delocalization criteria appear to be very sensitive to small variations in aromaticity. Among magnetic-based indices, only NICSzz(1) is capable to predict small changes in aromaticity. The PLR index derived from conceptual DFT is quite relevant for predicting small variations in aromaticity. According to our results, the most suitable aromaticity index is not based on a single criterion, and that selecting it is more subtle. Therefore, it is important to combine information from several criteria to obtain a more complete description of the aromaticity of the studied compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Kenouche
- Group of Modeling of Chemical Systems using Quantum Calculations, Applied Chemistry Laboratory (LCA). University M. Khider of Biskra, 07000 Biskra, Algeria
| | - Nassima Bachir
- Group of Modeling of Chemical Systems using Quantum Calculations, Applied Chemistry Laboratory (LCA). University M. Khider of Biskra, 07000 Biskra, Algeria
| | - Wissam Bouchal
- Molecular Chemistry and Environment Laboratory, University of Mohammed Khider of Biskra, BP 145 RP, Biskra 07000, Algeria
| | - Jorge I Martínez-Araya
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello (UNAB), Av. República 275, 8370146 Santiago, Chile; Centro de Química Teórica y Computacional (CQT&C). Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Santiago, Chile.
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8
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Wahab A, Gershoni-Poranne R. COMPAS-3: a dataset of peri-condensed polybenzenoid hydrocarbons. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:15344-15357. [PMID: 38758092 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01027b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
We introduce the third installment of the COMPAS Project - a COMputational database of Polycyclic Aromatic Systems, focused on peri-condensed polybenzenoid hydrocarbons. In this installment, we develop two datasets containing the optimized ground-state structures and a selection of molecular properties of ∼39k and ∼9k peri-condensed polybenzenoid hydrocarbons (at the GFN2-xTB and CAM-B3LYP-D3BJ/cc-pvdz//CAM-B3LYP-D3BJ/def2-SVP levels, respectively). The manuscript details the enumeration and data generation processes and describes the information available within the datasets. An in-depth comparison between the two types of computation is performed, and it is found that the geometrical disagreement is maximal for slightly-distorted molecules. In addition, a data-driven analysis of the structure-property trends of peri-condensed PBHs is performed, highlighting the effect of the size of peri-condensed islands and linearly annulated rings on the HOMO-LUMO gap. The insights described herein are important for rational design of novel functional aromatic molecules for use in, e.g., organic electronics. The generated datasets provide a basis for additional data-driven machine- and deep-learning studies in chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Wahab
- The Laboratory for Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Renana Gershoni-Poranne
- The Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Resnick Sustainability Center for Catalysis, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
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9
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Zhong L, Zhu B, Su W, Liang W, Wang H, Li T, Cao D, Ruan T, Chen J, Jiang G. Molecular characterization of diverse quinone analogs for discrimination of aerosol-bound persistent pyrolytic and photolytic radicals. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:612-620. [PMID: 38101961 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol-bound organic radicals, including environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs), are key components that affect climate, air quality, and human health. While putative structures have been proposed, the molecular characteristics of EPFRs remain unknown. Here, we report a surrogate method to characterize EPFRs in real ambient samples using mass spectrometry. The method identifies chemically relevant oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OxPAH) that interconvert with oxygen-centered EPFR (OC-EPFR). We found OxPAH compounds most relevant to OC-EPFRs are structurally rich and diverse quinones, whose diversity is strongly associated with OC-EPFR levels. Both atmospheric oxidation and combustion contributed to OC-EPFR formation. Redundancy analysis and photochemical aging model show pyrolytic sources generated more oxidized OC-EPFRs than photolytic sources. Our study reveals the detailed molecular characteristics of OC-EPFRs and shows that oxidation states can be used to identify the origins of OC-EPFRs, offering a way to track the development and evolution of aerosol particles in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laijin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Bao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Wenyuan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Wenqing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Haotian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Tingyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Dong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ting Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Lim JM, Shim S, Bui HT, Kim J, Kim HJ, Hwa Y, Cho S. Substitution Effect of a Single Nitrogen Atom on π-Electronic Systems of Linear Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs): Theoretically Visualized Coexistence of Mono- and Polycyclic π-Electron Delocalization. Molecules 2024; 29:784. [PMID: 38398536 PMCID: PMC10892997 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We theoretically investigated the nitrogen substitution effect on the molecular structure and π-electron delocalization in linear nitrogen-substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (N-PAHs). Based on the optimized molecular structures and magnetic field-induced parameters of fused bi- and tricyclic linear N-PAHs, we found that the local π-electron delocalization of subcycles (e.g., mono- and bicyclic constituent moieties) in linear N-PAHs is preserved, despite deviation from ideal structures of parent monocycles. The introduction of a fused five-membered ring with a pyrrolic N atom (N-5MR) in linear N-PAHs significantly perturbs the π-electronic condition of the neighboring fused six-membered ring (6MR). Monocyclic pyrrole exhibits substantial bond length alternations, strongly influencing the π-electronic systems of both the fused N-5MR and 6MR in linear N-PAHs, depending on the location of shared covalent bonds. A fused six-membered ring with a graphitic N atom in an indolizine moiety cannot generate monocyclic π-electron delocalization but instead contributes to the formation of polycyclic π-electron delocalization. This is evidenced by bifurcated diatropic ring currents induced by an external magnetic field. In conclusion, the satisfaction of Hückel's 4n + 2 rule for both mono- and polycycles is crucial for understanding the overall π-electron delocalization. It is crucial to consider the unique characteristics of the three types of substituted N atoms and the spatial arrangement of 5MR and 6MR in N-PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Min Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sangdeok Shim
- Department of Chemistry, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hoa Thi Bui
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (H.T.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Jimin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (H.T.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Ho-Joong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yoon Hwa
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Sung Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (H.T.B.); (J.K.)
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11
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Dutta S, Lee D, Ozols K, Daniliuc CG, Shintani R, Glorius F. Photoredox-Enabled Dearomative [2π + 2σ] Cycloaddition of Phenols. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2789-2797. [PMID: 38236061 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Dearomative photocycloaddition of monocyclic arenes is an appealing strategy for comprehending the concept of "escape from flatland". This brings the replacement of readily available planar aromatic hydrocarbon units with a 3D fused bicyclic core with sp3-enriched carbon units. Herein, we outline an intermolecular approach for the dearomative photocycloaddition of phenols. In order to circumvent the ground-state aromaticity and to construct conformationally restrained building blocks, bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes were chosen as coupling partners. This dearomative approach renders straightforward access to a bicyclo[2.1.1]hexane unit fused to a cyclic enone moiety, which further contributed as a synthetic linchpin for postmodifications. Mechanistic experiment advocates for a plausible onset from both the reactants, depending on the redox potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhabrata Dutta
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Donghyeon Lee
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kristers Ozols
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ryo Shintani
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
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12
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Sun W, Yang Y, Tian X, Yuan L, Wang Y, Dou C. A Combination of B- and N-Doped π-Systems Enabling Systematic Tuning of Electronic Structures and Properties. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302459. [PMID: 37641524 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Doping heteroatoms into polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may alter their structures and thereby physical properties. This study reports the construction of B/N-codoped PAHs via combining the B- and N-doped π-systems. Two π-extended B/N-codoped PAHs were synthesized through the Mallory photoreaction. Both feature a C48 BN2 π-skeleton, which is assembled by linearly fusing three substructures including B-doped and sp2 -hybridized N-doped π-moieties and one pyrene unit. In comparison to the pristine B-doped analog, their intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) states are distinctly modulated by the fused N-doped π-system and the further incorporated cyano group, leading to their tunable optical properties, as revealed by detailed theoretical and experimental analysis. Furthermore, these three molecules have sufficient Lewis acidity and can coordinate with Lewis base to form Lewis acid-base adducts, and notably, such intermolecular complexation can further dynamically modulate their ICT transitions and thereby photophysical properties, such as producing blue, green and red fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Liuzhong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Chuandong Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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13
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Yuan L, Yang J, Qi S, Liu Y, Tian X, Jia T, Wang Y, Dou C. Diradicaloid Boron-Doped Molecular Carbons Achieved by Pentagon-Fusion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202314982. [PMID: 37924227 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Molecular carbons (MCs) are molecular cutouts of carbon materials. Doping with heteroatoms and constructing open-shell structures are two powerful approaches to achieve unexpected and unique properties of MCs. Herein, we disclose a new strategy to design open-shell boron-doped MCs (BMCs), namely by pentagon-fusion of an organoborane π-system. We synthesized two diradicaloid BMC molecules that feature C24 B and C38 B π-skeletons containing a pentagonal ring. A thorough investigation reveals that such pentagon-fusion not only leads to their local antiaromaticity, but also incorporates an internal quinoidal substructure and thereby induces open-shell singlet diradical states. Moreover, their fully fused structures enable efficient π conjugation, which is expanded over the whole frameworks. Consequently, some intriguing physical properties are achieved, such as narrow energy gaps, very broad light absorptions, and superior photothermal capability, along with excellent photostability. Notably, the solid of the C38 B molecule exhibits absorption that covers the range of 300-1200 nm and an efficiency of 93.5 % for solar-driven water evaporation, thus demonstrating the potential of diradicaloid BMCs as high-performance organic photothermal materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuzhong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Jingyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Qi
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, 150040, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Yujia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Tao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, 150040, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Chuandong Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, P. R. China
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14
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Tsuji Y, Okazawa K, Yoshizawa K. Hückel Molecular Orbital Analysis for Stability and Instability of Stacked Aromatic and Stacked Antiaromatic Systems. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14887-14898. [PMID: 37846097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Face-to-face stacking of aromatic compounds leads to stacked antiaromaticity, while that of antiaromatic compounds leads to stacked aromaticity. This is a prediction with a long history; in the late 2000s, the prediction was confirmed by high-precision quantum chemical calculations, and finally, in 2016, a π-conjugated system with stacked aromaticity was synthesized. Several variations have since been reported, but essentially, they are all the same molecule. To realize stacked aromaticity in a completely new and different molecular system and to trigger an extension of the concept of stacked aromaticity, it is important to understand the origin of stacked aromaticity. The Hückel method, which has been successful in giving qualitatively correct results for π-conjugated systems despite its bold assumptions, is well suited for the analysis of stacked aromaticity. We use this method to model the face-to-face stacking systems of benzene and cyclobutadiene molecules and discuss their stacked antiaromaticity and stacked aromaticity on the basis of their π-electron energies. By further developing the discussion, we search for clues to realize stacked aromaticity in synthesizable molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Tsuji
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Kazuki Okazawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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15
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Xu T, Hou X, Han Y, Wei H, Li Z, Chi C. Fused Indacene Dimers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202304937. [PMID: 37387478 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic hydrocarbons consisting of two or more directly fused antiaromatic subunits are rare due to their high reactivity. However, it is important to understand how the interactions between the antiaromatic subunits influence the electronic properties of the fused structure. Herein, we present the synthesis of two fused indacene dimer isomers: s-indaceno[2,1-a]-s-indacene (s-ID) and as-indaceno[3,2-b]-as-indacene (as-ID), containing two fused antiaromatic s-indacene or as-indacene units, respectively. Their structures were confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. 1 H NMR/ESR measurements and DFT calculations revealed that both s-ID and as-ID have an open-shell singlet ground state. However, while localized antiaromaticity was observed in s-ID, as-ID showed weak global aromaticity. Moreover, as-ID exhibited a larger diradical character and a smaller singlet-triplet gap than s-ID. All the differences can be attributed to their distinct quinoidal substructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xudong Hou
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Haipeng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhengtao Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chunyan Chi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
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16
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Prabhu S, Arulperumjothi M, Ghani MU, Imran M, Salu S, Jose BK. Computational Analysis of Some More Rectangular Tessellations of Kekulenes and Their Molecular Characterizations. Molecules 2023; 28:6625. [PMID: 37764401 PMCID: PMC10538234 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cycloarene molecules are benzene-ring-based polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that have been fused in a circular manner and are surrounded by carbon-hydrogen bonds that point inward. Due to their magnetic, geometric, and electronic characteristics and superaromaticity, these polycyclic aromatics have received attention in a number of studies. The kekulene molecule is a cyclically organized benzene ring in the shape of a doughnut and is the very first example of such a conjugated macrocyclic compound. Due to its structural characteristics and molecular characterizations, it serves as a great model for theoretical research involving the investigation of π electron conjugation circuits. Therefore, in order to unravel their novel electrical and molecular characteristics and foresee potential applications, the characterization of such components is crucial. In our current research, we describe two unique series of enormous polycyclic molecules made from the extensively studied base kekulene molecule, utilizing the essential graph-theoretical tools to identify their structural characterization via topological quantities. Rectangular kekulene Type-I and rectangular kekulene Type-II structures were obtained from base kekulene molecules arranged in a rectangular fashion. We also employ two subcases for each Type and, for all of these, we derived ten topological indices. We can investigate the physiochemical characteristics of rectangular kekulenes using these topological indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Prabhu
- Department of Mathematics, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai 602105, India
| | - M. Arulperumjothi
- Department of Mathematics, St. Joseph’s College of Engineering, Chennai 600119, India;
| | - Muhammad Usman Ghani
- Institute of Mathematics, Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Abu Dhabi Road, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - S. Salu
- PG & Research Department of Mathematics, Sanatana Dharma College, Kerala University, Kerala 688003, India; (S.S.); (B.K.J.)
| | - Bibin K. Jose
- PG & Research Department of Mathematics, Sanatana Dharma College, Kerala University, Kerala 688003, India; (S.S.); (B.K.J.)
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17
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Jarończyk M, Ostrowski S, Dobrowolski JC. On Integral INICS Aromaticity of Pyridodiazepine Constitutional Isomers and Tautomers. Molecules 2023; 28:5684. [PMID: 37570653 PMCID: PMC10419959 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The structure, energetics, and aromaticity of c.a. 100 constitutional isomers and tautomers of pyrido[m,n]diazepines (m = 1, 2; n = 2, 3, 4, 5; m ≠ n) were studied at the B3LYP/cc-pVTZ level. The pyrido[1,3]diazepines appear the most, while pyrido[2,4]diazepines are the least stable (ca. 26 kcal/mol). In the pyrido[1,n]diazepine group (n = 2-5), the [1,5] isomers are higher in energy by ca. 4.5 kcal/mol and the [1,4] ones by ca. 7 kcal/mol, and the pyrido[1,2]diazepines are the least stable (ca. 20 kcal/mol). All the most stable pyrido[1,n]diazepines have N-atoms near the ring's junction bond but on opposite sites. The most stable [2,n]-forms are also those with the pyridine ring N6-atom near the junction bond. Surprisingly, for the [1,2]-, [1,3]-, and [1,4]-isomer condensation types of pyridine and diazepine rings, the same N9 > N7 > N6 > N8 stability pattern obeys. The stability remains similar in a water medium simulated with the Polarizable Continuum Model of the solvent and is conserved when calculated using the CAM-B3LYP or BHandHlyp functionals. The ring's aromaticity in the pyridine[m,n]diazepines was established based on the integral INICS index resulting from the NICSzz-scan curves' integration. The integral INICS index is physically justified through its relation to the ringcurrent as demonstrated by Berger, R.J.F., et al. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2022, 24, 624. The six-membered pyrido rings have negative INICSZZ indices and can be aromatic only if they are not protonated at the N-atom. All protonated pyrido and seven-membered rings exhibit meaningful positive INICSZZ values and can be assigned as antiaromatic. However, some non-protonated pyrido rings also have substantial positive INICSZZ indices and are antiaromatic. A weak linear correlation (R2 = 0.72) between the INICSZZ values of the pyridine I(6) and diazepine I(7) rings exists and is a consequence of the communication between the π-electron systems of the two rings. The juxtaposition of the INICS descriptor of the six- and seven-membered rings and diverse electron density parameters at the Ring Critical Points (RCP) revealed good correlations only with the Electrostatic Potentials from the electrons and nuclei (ESPe and ESPn). The relationships with other RCP parameters like electron density and its Laplacian, total energy, and the Hamiltonian form of kinetic energy density were split into two parts: one nearly constant for the six-membered rings and one linearly correlating for the seven-membered rings. Thus, most of the electron density parameters at the RCP of the six-membered rings of pyridodiazepines practically do not change with the diazepine type and the labile proton position. In contrast, those of the seven-membered rings display aromaticity changes in the antiaromatic diazepine with its ring structural modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sławomir Ostrowski
- Institute of Chemistry and Nuclear Technology, 16 Dorodna Street, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Jan Cz. Dobrowolski
- National Medicines Institute, 30/34 Chełmska Street, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Chemistry and Nuclear Technology, 16 Dorodna Street, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland;
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18
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Sierda E, Huang X, Badrtdinov DI, Kiraly B, Knol EJ, Groenenboom GC, Katsnelson MI, Rösner M, Wegner D, Khajetoorians AA. Quantum simulator to emulate lower-dimensional molecular structure. Science 2023; 380:1048-1052. [PMID: 37289865 DOI: 10.1126/science.adf2685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bottom-up quantum simulators have been developed to quantify the role of various interactions, dimensionality, and structure in creating electronic states of matter. Here, we demonstrated a solid-state quantum simulator emulating molecular orbitals, based solely on positioning individual cesium atoms on an indium antimonide surface. Using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, combined with ab initio calculations, we showed that artificial atoms could be made from localized states created from patterned cesium rings. These artificial atoms served as building blocks to realize artificial molecular structures with different orbital symmetries. These corresponding molecular orbitals allowed us to simulate two-dimensional structures reminiscent of well-known organic molecules. This platform could further be used to monitor the interplay between atomic structures and the resulting molecular orbital landscape with submolecular precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sierda
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - X Huang
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - D I Badrtdinov
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - B Kiraly
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - E J Knol
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - G C Groenenboom
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - M I Katsnelson
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - M Rösner
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - D Wegner
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - A A Khajetoorians
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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19
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Turco E, Bernhardt A, Krane N, Valenta L, Fasel R, Juríček M, Ruffieux P. Observation of the Magnetic Ground State of the Two Smallest Triangular Nanographenes. JACS AU 2023; 3:1358-1364. [PMID: 37234116 PMCID: PMC10207087 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Fusion of three benzene rings in a triangular fashion gives rise to the smallest open-shell graphene fragment, the phenalenyl radical, whose π-extension leads to an entire family of non-Kekulé triangular nanographenes with high-spin ground states. Here, we report the first synthesis of unsubstituted phenalenyl on a Au(111) surface, which is achieved by combining in-solution synthesis of the hydro-precursor and on-surface activation by atomic manipulation, using the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope. Single-molecule structural and electronic characterizations confirm its open-shell S = 1/2 ground state that gives rise to Kondo screening on the Au(111) surface. In addition, we compare the phenalenyl's electronic properties with those of triangulene, the second homologue in the series, whose S = 1 ground state induces an underscreened Kondo effect. Our results set a new lower size limit in the on-surface synthesis of magnetic nanographenes that can serve as building blocks for the realization of new exotic quantum phases of matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Turco
- nanotech@surfaces
Laboratory, Empa−Swiss Federal Laboratories
for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Annika Bernhardt
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nils Krane
- nanotech@surfaces
Laboratory, Empa−Swiss Federal Laboratories
for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Leoš Valenta
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roman Fasel
- nanotech@surfaces
Laboratory, Empa−Swiss Federal Laboratories
for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michal Juríček
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Ruffieux
- nanotech@surfaces
Laboratory, Empa−Swiss Federal Laboratories
for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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20
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Han Y, Zhu J, Dong S, Eng Y, Tao T, Gopalakrishna TY, Chi C. Bisazapentalene Dication: Global Aromaticity and Open-Shell Singlet Ground State. Org Lett 2023; 25:3380-3385. [PMID: 37162270 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Antiaromatic moieties fused in polycyclic π-conjugated molecules usually exhibit strong localized antiaromaticiy. Herein, we reported the synthesis and properties of a bisazapentalene dication (BAP2+) obtained from in situ two-electron oxidation of neutral species 8. Noteworthily, it possesses global aromaticity and an open-shell singlet ground state. This study underlines the importance of heteroatoms in determining the delocalization of π-electrons and the aromaticity of molecules in their oxidized states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Han
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Shaoqiang Dong
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Yijie Eng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Tao Tao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, PR China
| | - Tullimilli Y Gopalakrishna
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Chunyan Chi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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21
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Li S, Sun Y, Li X, Smaga O, Koniarz S, Pawlicki M, Chmielewski PJ. Oxidative insertion of amines into conjugated macrocycles: transformation of antiaromatic norcorrole into aromatic azacorrole. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3739-3742. [PMID: 36897336 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06648c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
A new group of aromatic porphyrinoids was obtained by an oxidative insertion of primary amines into the antiaromatic ring of 5,14-dimesityl-norcorrolatonickel(II) activated by iodosobenzene. The substituted 10-azacorroles thus formed were characterized by spectroscopic and electrochemical methods, and XRD analysis. Protonated forms of azacorroles were shown to remain aromatic despite disconnection of the original π-electron delocalization path.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China.
| | - Yahan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China.
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China.
| | - Oskar Smaga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wrocław 50 383, Poland.
| | - Sebastian Koniarz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wrocław 50 383, Poland.
| | - Miłosz Pawlicki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Kraków 30 387, Poland
| | - Piotr J Chmielewski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wrocław 50 383, Poland.
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22
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Krzeszewski M, Dobrzycki Ł, Sobolewski AL, Cyrański MK, Gryko DT. Saddle-shaped aza-nanographene with multiple odd-membered rings. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2353-2360. [PMID: 36873850 PMCID: PMC9977460 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05858h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A saddle-shaped aza-nanographene containing a central 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole (DHPP) has been prepared via a rationally designed four-step synthetic pathway encompassing intramolecular direct arylation, the Scholl reaction, and finally photo-induced radical cyclization. The target non-alternant, nitrogen-embedded polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) incorporates two abutting pentagons between four adjacent heptagons forming unique 7-7-5-5-7-7 topology. Such a combination of odd-membered-ring defects entails a negative Gaussian curvature within its surface with a significant distortion from planarity (saddle height ≈ 4.3 Å). Its absorption and fluorescence maxima are located in the orange-red region, with weak emission originating from the intramolecular charge-transfer character of a low-energy absorption band. Cyclic voltammetry measurements revealed that this stable under ambient conditions aza-nanographene underwent three fully reversible oxidation steps (two one-electron followed by one two-electron) with an exceptionally low first oxidation potential of E ox1 = -0.38 V (vs. Fc/Fc+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Łukasz Dobrzycki
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Żwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Andrzej L Sobolewski
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences Al. Lotników 32/46 02-668 Warsaw Poland
| | - Michał K Cyrański
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Żwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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23
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Rassil A, Chougrad H, Zouaki H. Deep multi-agent fusion Q-Network for graph generation. Knowl Based Syst 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.knosys.2023.110509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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24
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Metal Complexes with Naphthalene-Based Acetic Acids as Ligands: Structure and Biological Activity. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052171. [PMID: 36903416 PMCID: PMC10005298 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Naproxen (6-methoxy-α-methyl-2-naphthaleneacetic acid), 1-naphthylacetic acid, 2-naphthylacetic acid and 1-pyreneacetic acid are derivatives of acetic acid bearing a naphthalene-based ring. In the present review, the coordination compounds of naproxen, 1- or 2-naphthylacetato and 1-pyreneacetato ligands are discussed in regard to their structural features (nature and nuclearity of metal ions and coordination mode of ligands), their spectroscopic and physicochemical properties and their biological activities.
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25
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Guo J, Li Z, Tian X, Zhang T, Wang Y, Dou C. Diradical B/N-Doped Polycyclic Hydrocarbons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217470. [PMID: 36599802 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Heterocyclic diradicaloids with atom-precise control over open-shell nature are promising materials for organic electronics and spintronics. Herein, we disclose quinoidal π-extension of a B/N-heterocycle for generating B/N-type organic diradicaloids. Two quinoidal π-extended B/N-doped polycyclic hydrocarbons that feature fusion of the B/N-heterocycle motif with the antiaromatic s-indacene or dicyclopenta[b,g]naphthalene core were synthesized. This quinoidal π-extension and B/N-heterocycle leads to their open-shell electronic nature, which stands in contrast to the multiple-resonance effect of conventional B/N-type emitters. These B/N-type diradicaloids have modulated (anti)aromaticity and enhanced diradical characters comparing with the all-carbon analogues, as well as intriguing properties, such as magnetic activities, narrow energy gaps and highly red-shifted absorptions. This study thus opens the new space for both of B/N-doped polycyclic π-systems and heterocyclic diradicaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Zeyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Chuandong Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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26
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Kuroiwa T, Asai D, Hashimoto S, Tahara K. Linear π-conjugated polycyclic compounds consisting of four-, five-, and six-membered rings: benzo[1'',2'':3,4;4'',5'':3',4']bis(cyclobuta[1,2- c]thiophene). RSC Adv 2023; 13:4578-4583. [PMID: 36760295 PMCID: PMC9897049 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00144j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Linear π-conjugated polycyclic compounds, BBCTs, containing linearly annulated 5-, 4-, 6-, 4-, and 5-membered rings were produced via copper-mediated double intramolecular coupling reactions. The absorption spectra and electrochemical results confirmed their moderate optical energy gaps and high HOMO energy levels, respectively. In a crystalline state, the BBCT molecules adopt a herringbone structure, while the methylated molecules form slipped one-dimensional columns. The local and global aromaticity of the new polycyclic compounds is discussed based on the experimental results and theoretical predictions. The present fundamental findings are useful for the further design and synthesis of novel π-conjugated polycyclic compounds containing four-membered rings with potential applications in electronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuru Kuroiwa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku Kawasaki Kanagawa 214-8571 Japan
| | - Daisuke Asai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku Kawasaki Kanagawa 214-8571 Japan
| | - Shingo Hashimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku Kawasaki Kanagawa 214-8571 Japan
| | - Kazukuni Tahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku Kawasaki Kanagawa 214-8571 Japan
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27
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Dey M, Ghosh D. Curious Case of Singlet Triplet Gaps in Nonlinear Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:11795-11800. [PMID: 36516993 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The singlet triplet (ST) gap of linear polyacenes decays exponentially with the system size as a result of extended conjugation and reducing highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) gaps. These low ST gaps can ideally be leveraged toward energy applications but are hindered by the decreasing stability of the systems. Thus, there is the need to understand the ST gap of nonlinear polyacenes, which are markedly more stable than their linear counterparts. Here, we show that the ST gaps of the nonlinear polyacenes do not decrease with the system size and have no correlation with the HOMO-LUMO gaps or increased conjugation. The reason behind this is identified as the high multireference character of the triplet high-spin state. These unprecedented results are in stark contrast to the observations in linear polyacenes and are due to the combined effects of topology and geometrical factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandira Dey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata700032, India
| | - Debashree Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata700032, India
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28
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Joice SL, Raja SMJ. Minimum Number of Kekulé Structures of Certain Benzenoid Graphs and Pr[m,n]-Polyacenic Nanotubes. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2156557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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29
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Ganguly A. Effect of proximal electronegative functionalities on the energetics of strained hydrogen bonds: A computational investigation. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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30
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Landi A, Summa FF, Zanasi R, Monaco G. On the JAP Method for the Indirect Determination of Delocalized Currents from Experimental Chemical Shifts. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200411. [PMID: 35811448 PMCID: PMC9796333 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The JAP model (after Jirásek, Anderson, and Peeks) to retrieve global current strengths from experimental 1 H chemical shifts has been tested with DFT computations. Both global and local tropicities are correctly predicted in most cases and the quantitative agreement is overall fair. An extension of the model is found to give improvement in an exemplary critical case, where the global delocalized current is negligible and the current density map is dominated by local currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Landi
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”Università di SalernoVia G. Paolo II, 132Fisciano84084 SAItaly
| | - Francesco F. Summa
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”Università di SalernoVia G. Paolo II, 132Fisciano84084 SAItaly
| | - Riccardo Zanasi
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”Università di SalernoVia G. Paolo II, 132Fisciano84084 SAItaly
| | - Guglielmo Monaco
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”Università di SalernoVia G. Paolo II, 132Fisciano84084 SAItaly
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31
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Sun W, Guo J, Fan Z, Yuan L, Ye K, Dou C, Wang Y. Ribbon‐Type Boron‐Doped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Conformations, Dynamic Complexation and Electronic Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209271. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Jiaxiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Zengming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Liuzhong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Kaiqi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Chuandong Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
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32
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Wei H, Hou X, Xu T, Zou Y, Li G, Wu S, Geng Y, Wu J. Solution‐Phase Synthesis and Isolation of An Aza‐Triangulene and Its Cation in Crystalline Form. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210386. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Wei
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
| | - Xudong Hou
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Tingting Xu
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Ya Zou
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Guangwu Li
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Shaofei Wu
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Yanhou Geng
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
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33
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Balasubramanian K. Density Functional and Graph Theory Computations of Vibrational, Electronic and Topological Properties of Porous Nanographenes. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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34
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Wei H, Hou X, Xu T, Zou Y, Li G, Wu S, Geng Y, Wu J. Solution‐Phase Synthesis and Isolation of An Aza‐Triangulene and Its Cation in Crystalline Form. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202210386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Wei
- National University of Singapore Chemistry SINGAPORE
| | - Xudong Hou
- National University of Singapore Chemistry SINGAPORE
| | - Tingting Xu
- National University of Singapore Chemistry SINGAPORE
| | - Ya Zou
- National University of Singapore Chemistry SINGAPORE
| | - Guangwu Li
- National University of Singapore Chemistry SINGAPORE
| | - Shaofei Wu
- National University of Singapore Chemistry SINGAPORE
| | - Yanhou Geng
- National University of Singapore Chemistry SINGAPORE
| | - Jishan Wu
- National University of Singapore Chemistry 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore SINGAPORE
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35
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Sun W, Guo J, Fan Z, Yuan L, Ye K, Dou C, Wang Y. Ribbon‐Type Boron‐Doped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Conformations, Dynamic Complexation and Electronic Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kaiqi Ye
- Jilin University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Chuandong Dou
- Jilin University State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials No.2699 Qianjin Street 130012 Changchun CHINA
| | - Yue Wang
- Jilin University College of Chemistry CHINA
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36
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Kalapos P, Mayer PJ, Gazdag T, Demeter A, Oruganti B, Durbeej B, London G. Photoswitching of Local (Anti)Aromaticity in Biphenylene-Based Diarylethene Molecular Switches. J Org Chem 2022; 87:9532-9542. [PMID: 35849785 PMCID: PMC9361354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced tuning of (anti)aromaticity and associated molecular properties is currently in the focus of attention for both tailoring photochemical reactivity and designing new materials. Here, we report on the synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of diarylethene-based molecular switches embedded in a biphenylene structure composed of rings with different levels of local (anti)aromaticity. We show that it is possible to modulate and control the (anti)aromatic character of each ring through reversible photoswitching of the aryl units of the system between open and closed forms. Remarkably, it is shown that the irreversible formation of an annulated bis(dihydro-thiopyran) side-product that hampers the photoswitching can be efficiently suppressed when the aryl core formed by thienyl groups in one switch is replaced by thiazolyl groups in another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter
Pál Kalapos
- MTA
TTK Lendület Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for
Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter J. Mayer
- MTA
TTK Lendület Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for
Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich tér 1, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Gazdag
- MTA
TTK Lendület Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for
Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Hevesy
György PhD School of Chemistry, Eötvös
Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/a, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - Attila Demeter
- Institute
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Baswanth Oruganti
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, SE-45041 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Bo Durbeej
- Division
of Theoretical Chemistry, IFM, Linköping
University, SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Gábor London
- MTA
TTK Lendület Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for
Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
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37
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Wahab A, Pfuderer L, Paenurk E, Gershoni-Poranne R. The COMPAS Project: A Computational Database of Polycyclic Aromatic Systems. Phase 1: cata-Condensed Polybenzenoid Hydrocarbons. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:3704-3713. [PMID: 35881922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chemical databases are an essential tool for data-driven investigation of structure-property relationships and for the design of novel functional compounds. We introduce the first phase of the COMPAS Project─a COMputational database of Polycyclic Aromatic Systems. In this phase, we developed two data sets containing the optimized ground-state structures and a selection of molecular properties of ∼34k and ∼9k cata-condensed polybenzenoid hydrocarbons (at the GFN2-xTB and B3LYP-D3BJ/def2-SVP levels, respectively) and placed them in the public domain. Herein, we describe the process of the data set generation, detail the information available within the data sets, and show the fundamental features of the generated data. We analyze the correlation between the two types of computations as well as the structure-property relationships of the calculated species. The data and insights gained from them can inform rational design of novel functional aromatic molecules for use in, e.g., organic electronics, and can provide a basis for additional data-driven machine- and deep-learning studies in chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Wahab
- Laboratory for Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lara Pfuderer
- Laboratory for Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eno Paenurk
- Laboratory for Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Renana Gershoni-Poranne
- Laboratory for Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.,Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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38
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Poater J, Viñas C, Solà M, Teixidor F. 3D and 2D aromatic units behave like oil and water in the case of benzocarborane derivatives. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3844. [PMID: 35788134 PMCID: PMC9253344 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31267-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of 2D/2D and 3D/3D aromatic fusions that keep their aromaticity in the fused compounds have been synthesized. In addition, we have previously proven the electronic relationship between the 3D aromaticity of boron hydrides and the 2D aromaticity of PAHs. Here we report the possible existence of 3D/2D aromatic fusions that retain the whole aromaticity of the two units. Our conclusion is that such a 3D/2D aromatic combination is not possible due to the ineffective overlap between the π-MOs of the planar species and the n + 1 molecular orbitals in the aromatic cage that deter an effective electronic delocalization between the two fused units. We have also proven the necessary conditions for 3D/3D fusions to take place, and how aromaticity of each unit is decreased in 2D/2D and 3D/3D fusions. 2D/2D fusion of aromatic halves leading to a global aromatic is found in many polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, whereas 2D/3D aromaticity is difficult to achieve. Here the authors report a computational chemistry investigation showing that 3D/2D aromatic combination is not possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Poater
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Viñas
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Francesc Teixidor
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
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39
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Wang J, Luo H, Wang X, Wei D, Tian R, Duan Z. Dearomatization [4+2] Cycloaddition of Nonactivated Benzene Derivatives. Org Lett 2022; 24:4404-4408. [PMID: 35687509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dearomatization reactions have recently emerged as a powerful tool for the rapid buildup of molecular complexity. Here, an unparalleled thermal dearomatization [4+2] cycloaddition reaction between benzene derivatives and a 2H-phosphindole tungsten complex was reported. The unique reactivity of the in situ-generated 2H-phosphindole complex toward benzene was revealed by density functional theory calculations. We thus provide new insights into the dearomatization of nonactivated arenes and pave the way for the manipulation of the dearomatization for further applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjian Wang
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, International Joint Research Laboratory for Functional Organophosphorus Materials of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Haotian Luo
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, International Joint Research Laboratory for Functional Organophosphorus Materials of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xinghua Wang
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, International Joint Research Laboratory for Functional Organophosphorus Materials of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Donghui Wei
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, International Joint Research Laboratory for Functional Organophosphorus Materials of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Rongqiang Tian
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, International Joint Research Laboratory for Functional Organophosphorus Materials of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Duan
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, International Joint Research Laboratory for Functional Organophosphorus Materials of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
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40
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Dudek WM, Ostrowski S, Dobrowolski JC. On Aromaticity of the Aromatic α-Amino Acids and Tuning of the NICS Indices to Find the Aromaticity Order. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:3433-3444. [PMID: 35617165 PMCID: PMC9189847 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The NICS aromaticity indices of the rings in flexible phenylalanine (Phe), tryptophan (Trp), tyrosine (Tyr), and histidine (His) chiral molecules were analyzed. These molecules have several dozens of conformers, and their rings are slightly non-planar. Therefore, the population-averaged NICSpav index was defined, and the NICS scans had to be performed with respect to planes found by the least-squares routine. A rule differentiating an obverse and a reverse ring face in aromatic amino acids was formulated. The NICS scan minima corresponding to the obverse and reverse face were unequal, which prompted us to use the term ring face aromaticity/ring face tropicity. It appeared that for Phe, Trp, Tyr, and His, the reverse face has always had higher ring face aromaticity/ring face tropicity than the obverse one. Despite the NICS modifications, uncertainty about the amino acid aromaticity order remained. This motivated us to use the integral INICS index newly proposed by Stanger as well. Then, the following sequence was obtained: Trp(phenyl) > Phe > Trp(pyrrole) > His > Tyr. The juxtaposition of the INICS indices of amino acids with that of some model rings revealed a fair transferability of the values. Finally, analysis of the substituent effect on INICS demonstrated that the aromaticity of Tyr is the lowest due to the strength of the OH group π-electron-donating effect able to perturb enough the ring charge distribution and its magnetic aromaticity. The NICS calculations were executed using the ARONICS program written within the project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech M Dudek
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 16 Dorodna Street, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Ostrowski
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 16 Dorodna Street, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Cz Dobrowolski
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 16 Dorodna Street, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
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41
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Kotha S, Gaikwad V. Synthesis of Unusual Amino Acid Derivatives Containing Bicyclo[2.2.2]octane Unit by the Diels‐Alder Approach Involving Pentacene. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sambasivarao Kotha
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Vidyasagar Gaikwad
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
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42
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Islam MM, Chivu A, AbuSamra DB, Saha A, Chowdhuri S, Pramanik B, Dohlman CH, Das D, Argüeso P, Rajaiya J, Patra HK, Chodosh J. Crosslinker-free collagen gelation for corneal regeneration. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9108. [PMID: 35650270 PMCID: PMC9160259 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13146-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of an artificial cornea can potentially fulfil the demand of donor corneas for transplantation as the number of donors is far less than needed to treat corneal blindness. Collagen-based artificial corneas stand out as a regenerative option, having promising clinical outcomes. Collagen crosslinked with chemical crosslinkers which modify the parent functional groups of collagen. However, crosslinkers are usually cytotoxic, so crosslinkers need to be removed from implants completely before application in humans. In addition, crosslinked products are mechanically weak and susceptible to enzymatic degradation. We developed a crosslinker free supramolecular gelation strategy using pyrene conjugated dipeptide amphiphile (PyKC) consisting of lysine and cysteine; in which collagen molecules are intertwined inside the PyKC network without any functional group modification of the collagen. The newly developed collagen implants (Coll-PyKC) are optically transparent and can effectively block UV light, are mechanically and enzymatically stable, and can be sutured. The Coll-PyKC implants support the growth and function of all corneal cells, trigger anti-inflammatory differentiation while suppressing the pro-inflammatory differentiation of human monocytes. Coll-PyKC implants can restrict human adenovirus propagation. Therefore, this crosslinker-free strategy can be used for the repair, healing, and regeneration of the cornea, and potentially other damaged organs of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mirazul Islam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Alexandru Chivu
- Department of Surgical Biotechnology, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Dina B AbuSamra
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Amrita Saha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Sumit Chowdhuri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Bapan Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Claes H Dohlman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Debapratim Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Pablo Argüeso
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jaya Rajaiya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Hirak K Patra
- Department of Surgical Biotechnology, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, UK.
| | - James Chodosh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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43
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Silber V, Gruber N, Jean M, Vanthuyne N, Ruppert R. Synthesis of a helicene-fused porphyrin leading to a π-extended chiral chromophore. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6012-6015. [PMID: 35485612 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01475k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of several covalently linked [6]-helicene-porphyrins is reported. A fused [6]-helicene-porphyrin π-extended aromatic system was isolated, the enantiomers separated and the chiroptical properties determined. The oxidative cyclodehydrogenation proved to be very effective for six-membered fused helical systems, but not suited for the formation of five-membered fused systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Silber
- Institut de Chimie, UMR CNRS 7177, Institut Le Bel, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Nathalie Gruber
- Fédération de Chimie Le Bel, FR 2010, BP 296R8, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, 67008, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Marion Jean
- Aix Marseille Univ, UMR CNRS 7313, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13397, Marseille cedex 20, France
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille Univ, UMR CNRS 7313, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13397, Marseille cedex 20, France
| | - Romain Ruppert
- Institut de Chimie, UMR CNRS 7177, Institut Le Bel, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
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Balasubramanian K. Topological Peripheral Shapes and Distance-Based Characterization of Fullerenes C 20-C 720: Existence of Isoperipheral Fullerenes. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2020.1802303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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45
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Li K, Huang S, Liu T, Jia S, Yan H. Organocatalytic Asymmetric Dearomatizing Hetero-Diels-Alder Reaction of Nonactivated Arenes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7374-7381. [PMID: 35417152 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nonactivated arenes, such as benzene derivatives, are chemically inert due to their intrinsic aromaticity and low polarity. The catalytic asymmetric dearomatization (CADA, coined by You and co-workers) of the nonactivated arenes represents a formidable challenge. We herein demonstrated an organocatalytic asymmetric dearomatizing hetero-Diels-Alder reaction of benzene derivatives. The tunable regioselectivity of this strategy allowed delivery of a diversity of stereochemically complex polycyclic compounds and oxahelicenes with excellent stereoselectivity. The high complexity and three-dimensionality of the products are crucial for their potential applications in materials science and drug discovery. Mechanistic studies suggested that this reaction proceeds through a chiral tetra-substituted vinylidene ortho-quinone methide (VQM) intermediate, which is extremely active to overcome the loss of aromaticity of benzene derivatives with concomitant chirality transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Shengli Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Shiqi Jia
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Hailong Yan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
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46
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Morimoto Y, Koo YH, Otsubo K, Kitakado H, Seki S, Osuka A, Tanaka T. Dibenzodiazapyracylenes: Doubly N‐Doped Cyclopenta‐Fused Polycyclic Molecules That Exhibit High Carrier Mobility. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200341. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Morimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Yun Hee Koo
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Kazuya Otsubo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Hidetsugu Kitakado
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
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47
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Wang T, Berdonces-Layunta A, Friedrich N, Vilas-Varela M, Calupitan JP, Pascual JI, Peña D, Casanova D, Corso M, de Oteyza DG. Aza-Triangulene: On-Surface Synthesis and Electronic and Magnetic Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:4522-4529. [PMID: 35254059 PMCID: PMC8931755 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Nitrogen
heteroatom doping into a triangulene molecule allows tuning
its magnetic state. However, the synthesis of the nitrogen-doped triangulene
(aza-triangulene) has been challenging. Herein, we report the successful
synthesis of aza-triangulene on the Au(111) and Ag(111) surfaces,
along with their characterizations by scanning tunneling microscopy
and spectroscopy in combination with density functional theory (DFT)
calculations. Aza-triangulenes were obtained by reducing ketone-substituted
precursors. Exposure to atomic hydrogen followed by thermal annealing
and, when necessary, manipulations with the scanning probe afforded
the target product. We demonstrate that on Au(111), aza-triangulene
donates an electron to the substrate and exhibits an open-shell triplet
ground state. This is derived from the different Kondo resonances
of the final aza-triangulene product and a series of intermediates
on Au(111). Experimentally mapped molecular orbitals match with DFT-calculated
counterparts for a positively charged aza-triangulene. In contrast,
aza-triangulene on Ag(111) receives an extra electron from the substrate
and displays a closed-shell character. Our study reveals the electronic
properties of aza-triangulene on different metal surfaces and offers
an approach for the fabrication of new hydrocarbon structures, including
reactive open-shell molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales CFM/MPC, CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Alejandro Berdonces-Layunta
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales CFM/MPC, CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Vilas-Varela
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Jose Ignacio Pascual
- CIC NanoGUNE BRTA, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - David Casanova
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Martina Corso
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales CFM/MPC, CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Dimas G. de Oteyza
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales CFM/MPC, CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN), CSIC-UNIOVI-PA; 33940 El Entrego, Spain
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48
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Paenurk E, Gershoni-Poranne R. Simple and efficient visualization of aromaticity: bond currents calculated from NICS values. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:8631-8644. [PMID: 35132428 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05757j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Aromaticity is a fundamental concept in chemistry, underpinning the properties and reactivity of many organic compounds and materials. The ability to easily and accurately discern aromatic behavior is key to leveraging it as a design element, yet most aromaticity metrics struggle to combine accurate quantitative evaluation, intuitive interpretability, and user-friendliness. We introduce a new method, NICS2BC, which uses simple and inexpensive NICS calculations to generate information-rich and easily-interpreted bond-current graphs. We test the quantitative and qualitative characterizations afforded by NICS2BC for a selection of molecules of varying structural and electronic complexity, to demonstrate its accuracy and ease of analysis. Moreover, we show that NICS2BC successfully identifies ring-current patterns in molecules known to be difficult cases to interpret with NICS and enables deeper understanding of local aromaticity trends, demonstrating that our method adds additional insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eno Paenurk
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Renana Gershoni-Poranne
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.,Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
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49
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Morimoto Y, Koo YH, Otsubo K, Kitakado H, Seki S, Osuka A, Tanaka T. Dibenzodiazapyracylenes: Doubly N‐Doped Cyclopenta‐fused Polycyclic Molecules That Exhibit High Carrier Mobility. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yun Hee Koo
- Kyoto University: Kyoto Daigaku Molecular Engineering JAPAN
| | | | | | - Shu Seki
- Kyoto University: Kyoto Daigaku Molecular Engineering JAPAN
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50
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Abstract
Despite its great explanatory power in understanding the chemistry of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and related systems, the Clar sextet rule still remains an intuitive and qualitative model with notable exceptions in some cases. Here we develop a quantitative theory of chemical resonance based on semilocalized Clar-type resonance structures (named the Clar resonators) consisting of variable numbers of Clar sextets and C═C bonds. The constructed wave functions of the Clar resonators are used to expand the actual wave function of the π-conjugated system obtained from a DFT or Hartree-Fock calculation. The resultant weights and one-electron energies of the Clar resonators can serve as a quantitative measure of the importance of these resonators. Implementing the theory in our open-source python code EzReson and applying it to over a thousand PAH molecules of different sizes and shapes, we show that the weight of the Clar resonators increases exponentially with increasing number of sextets and that their energy decreases linearly with the latter, thus confirming the general validity of the Clar rule. On the basis of such a large-scale resonance analysis, we propose three extended Clar rules, along with a unified quantitative model, that are able to evaluate the importance of all Clar resonators and the ring aromaticity for PAHs. Using the present theories, we uncover the essential role that the minor Clar resonators may play in correctly understanding the resonance stabilization and local aromaticity of rings, which was totally overlooked in the original Clar model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
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