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Cechinel MAP, de Oliveira Guidolin T, da Silveira AR, Dos Santos Tasca J, Montedo ORK, Arcaro S. Coal mining pyritic waste in Fenton-like processes: Raw and purified catalysts in Reactive Blue 21 dye discoloration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150823. [PMID: 34627925 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Raw pyritic waste (RPW) from South Brazilian coal deposits and pure pyritic waste (PPW) were used as catalysts for organic dyes discoloration. Samples were characterized for their chemical, morphological, and structural properties. There was a significant content of Fe and S in both samples from the presence of iron sulfide. The average particle size is 10.9 μm for RPW and 7.4 μm for PPW, demonstrating that the beneficiation process could remove the larger quartz particles, interfered in the distribution, and average particle size. Smaller particle sizes promoted a larger surface area for the PPW. The influence of the pyritic waste in dosage, H2O2 concentration, and pH was evaluated, obtaining discoloration values above 95% for 0.5 g/L of pyritic waste, 2 g/L of H2O2, and pH 4.3 for both pyritic wastes. The degradation kinetics of the Reactive Blue 21 using the raw pyritic waste obtained a dye concentration removal above 93% in 90 min, with an iron release of 5.4 mg/L into the solution. Using PPW, the dye concentration removal was over 92% in 40 min, with the iron release of 15.5 mg/L into the solution. Discoloration rate for the PPW sample is 7 times greater than the rate obtained for RPW, indicating a faster decay rate for the purified sample. A decrease in discoloration efficiency is observed for PPW after 6 cycles of use, due to the higher concentration of iron leached into the medium. From the results, it was concluded that the raw pyritic waste has excellent potential for use as a catalyst for Fenton reaction, especially for dye-containing water discoloration, thus demonstrating the excellent applicability potential of pyritc waste in the degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alice P Cechinel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Brazil; Laboratório de Cerâmica Técnica (CerTec), Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Brazil; Grupo de Biomateriais e Materiais Nanoestruturados, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais (PPGCEM), Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária 1105, Criciúma 88806-000, Brazil.
| | - Thays de Oliveira Guidolin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Brazil; Laboratório de Cerâmica Técnica (CerTec), Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Brazil
| | - Andresa Rodrigues da Silveira
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, PO Box 476, CEP 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Oscar Rubem Klegues Montedo
- Laboratório de Cerâmica Técnica (CerTec), Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Brazil; Grupo de Biomateriais e Materiais Nanoestruturados, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais (PPGCEM), Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária 1105, Criciúma 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Arcaro
- Laboratório de Cerâmica Técnica (CerTec), Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Brazil; Grupo de Biomateriais e Materiais Nanoestruturados, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais (PPGCEM), Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária 1105, Criciúma 88806-000, Brazil
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2
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Trechera P, Moreno T, Córdoba P, Moreno N, Amato F, Cortés J, Zhuang X, Li B, Li J, Shangguan Y, Dominguez AO, Kelly F, Mhadhbi T, Jaffrezo JL, Uzu G, Querol X. Geochemistry and oxidative potential of the respirable fraction of powdered mined Chinese coals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 800:149486. [PMID: 34391157 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates geochemical and oxidative potential (OP) properties of the respirable (finer than 4 μm) fractions of 22 powdered coal samples from channel profiles (CP4) in Chinese mined coals. The CP4 fractions extracted from milled samples of 22 different coals were mineralogically and geochemically analysed and the relationships with the OP evaluated. The evaluation between CP4/CP demonstrated that CP4 increased concentrations of anatase, Cs, W, Zn and Zr, whereas sulphates, Fe, S, Mo, Mn, Hf and Ge decreased their CP4 concentrations. OP results from ascorbic acid (AA), glutathione (GSH) and dithiothreitol (DTT) tests evidenced a clear link between specific inorganic components of CP4 with OPAA and the organic fraction of OPGSH and OPDTT. Correlation analyses were performed for OP indicators and the geochemical patterns of CP4. These were compared with respirable dust samples from prior studies. They indicate that Fe (r = 0.83), pyrite (r = 0.66) and sulphate minerals (r = 0.42) (tracing acidic species from pyrite oxidation), followed by S (r = 0.50) and ash yield (r = 0.46), and, to a much lesser extent, Ti, anatase, U, Mo, V and Pb, are clearly linked with OPAA. Moreover, OPGSH correlation was identified by organic matter, as moisture (r = 0.73), Na (r = 0.56) and B (r = 0.51), and to a lesser extent by the coarse particle size, Ca and carbonate minerals. In addition, Mg (r = 0.70), B (r = 0.47), Na (r = 0.59), Mn, Ba, quartz, particle size and Sr regulate OPDTT correlations. These became more noticeable when the analysis was done for samples of the same type of coal rank, in this case, bituminous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Trechera
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Industrial and TIC Engineering (EMIT-UPC), 08242 Manresa, Spain.
| | - Teresa Moreno
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Córdoba
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Moreno
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fulvio Amato
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Cortés
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xinguo Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources, China University of Geosciences, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Baoqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources, China University of Geosciences, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources, China University of Geosciences, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yunfei Shangguan
- Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources, China University of Geosciences, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ana Oliete Dominguez
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Frank Kelly
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Takoua Mhadhbi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IRD, CNRS, Grenoble INP, IGE (UMR 5001), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jean Luc Jaffrezo
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IRD, CNRS, Grenoble INP, IGE (UMR 5001), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Gaelle Uzu
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IRD, CNRS, Grenoble INP, IGE (UMR 5001), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Xavier Querol
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources, China University of Geosciences, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430074, China.
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3
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Hendrix DA, Hurowitz JA, Glotch TD, Schoonen MAA. Olivine Dissolution in Simulated Lung and Gastric Fluid as an Analog to the Behavior of Lunar Particulate Matter Inside the Human Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Systems. GEOHEALTH 2021; 5:e2021GH000491. [PMID: 34849441 PMCID: PMC8609536 DOI: 10.1029/2021gh000491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With the Artemis III mission scheduled to land humans on the Moon in 2025, work must be done to understand the hazards lunar dust inhalation would pose to humans. In this study, San Carlos olivine was used as an analog of lunar olivine, a common component of lunar dust. Olivine was dissolved in a flow-through apparatus in both simulated lung fluid and 0.1 M HCl (simulated gastric fluid) over a period of approximately 2 weeks at physiological temperature, 37°C. Effluent samples were collected periodically and analyzed for pH, iron, silicon, and magnesium ion concentrations. The dissolution rate data derived from our measurements allow us to estimate that an inhaled 1.0 μm diameter olivine particle would take approximately 24 years to dissolve in the human lungs and approximately 3 weeks to dissolve in gastric fluid. Results revealed that inhaled olivine particles may generate the toxic chemical, hydroxyl radical, for up to 5-6 days in lung fluid. Olivine dissolved in 0.1 M HCl for 2 weeks transformed to an amorphous silica-rich solid plus the ferric iron oxy-hydroxide ferrihydrite. Olivine dissolved in simulated lung fluid shows no detectable change in composition or crystallinity. Equilibrium thermodynamic models indicate that olivine in the human lungs can precipitate secondary minerals with fibrous crystal structures that have the potential to induce detrimental health effects similar to asbestos exposure. Our work indicates that inhaled lunar dust containing olivine can settle in the human lungs for years and could induce long-term potential health effects like that of silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Martin A. A. Schoonen
- Environment, Biology, Nuclear Science, & NonproliferationBrookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNYUSA
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Leser M, Chapman JR, Khine M, Pegan J, Law M, Makkaoui ME, Ueberheide BM, Brenowitz M. Chemical Generation of Hydroxyl Radical for Oxidative 'Footprinting'. Protein Pept Lett 2019; 26:61-69. [PMID: 30543161 DOI: 10.2174/0929866526666181212164812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For almost four decades, hydroxyl radical chemically generated by Fenton chemistry has been a mainstay for the oxidative 'footprinting' of macromolecules. OBJECTIVE In this article, we start by reviewing the application of chemical generation of hydroxyl radical to the development of oxidative footprinting of DNA and RNA and the subsequent application of the method to oxidative footprinting of proteins. We next discuss a novel strategy for generating hydroxyl radicals by Fenton chemistry that immobilizes catalytic iron on a solid surface (Pyrite Shrink Wrap laminate) for the application of nucleic acid and protein footprinting. METHOD Pyrite Shrink-Wrap Laminate is fabricated by depositing pyrite (Fe-S2, aka 'fool's gold') nanocrystals onto thermolabile plastic (Shrinky Dink). The laminate can be thermoformed into a microtiter plate format into which samples are deposited for oxidation. RESULTS We demonstrate the utility of the Pyrite Shrink-Wrap Laminate for the chemical generation of hydroxyl radicals by mapping the surface of the T-cell co-stimulatory protein Programmed Death - 1 (PD-1) and the interface of the complex with its ligand PD-L1. CONCLUSION We have developed and validated an affordable and reliable benchtop method of hydroxyl radical generation that will broaden the application of protein oxidative footprinting. Due to the minimal equipment required to implement this method, it should be easily adaptable by many laboratories with access to mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micheal Leser
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Jessica R Chapman
- Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Michelle Khine
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan Pegan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Matt Law
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Mohammed El Makkaoui
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Beatrix M Ueberheide
- Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Michael Brenowitz
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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5
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Hendrix DA, Port ST, Hurowitz JA, Schoonen MA. Measurement of OH* Generation by Pulverized Minerals Using Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy and Implications for the Reactivity of Planetary Regolith. GEOHEALTH 2019; 3:28-42. [PMID: 32159020 PMCID: PMC7007094 DOI: 10.1029/2018gh000175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mineral analogs to silicate phases common to planetary regolith, including olivine; the pyroxenes augite and diopside; the plagioclase feldspars labradorite, bytownite, and albite; the Johnson Space Center-1A lunar regolith simulant; as well as quartz (used as a reference), were subjected to mechanical pulverization by laboratory milling for times ranging from 5 to 45 min. Pulverized minerals were then incubated in an aqueous solution containing the free radical spin trapping compound 5,5-Dimethyl-1-Pyrroline-N-Oxide for times ranging from 5 to 30 min. These slurries were then analyzed by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance spectroscopy to quantify the amount of hydroxyl radical (the neutral charge form of the hydroxide ion, denoted as OH*) formed in solution. We find that all tested materials generate an Electron Paramagnetic Resonance spectrum indicating the formation of OH* with concentrations ranging between 0.1 and 1.5 μM. We also find that, in general, mineral pulverization time is inversely correlated to OH* generation, while OH* generation is positively correlated to mineral fluid incubation time for phases that have iron in their nominal chemical formulae, suggesting the possible action of Fenton reaction as a cofactor in increasing the reactivity of these phases. Our results add to a body of literature that indicates that the finely comminuted minerals and rocks present in planetary regolith are capable of generating highly reactive and highly oxidizing radical species in solution. The results provide the foundation for further in vitro and in vivo toxicological studies to evaluate the possible health risks that future explorers visiting the surfaces of planetary bodies may face from these reactive regolith materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald A. Hendrix
- Department of GeosciencesState University of New York at Stony BrookStony BrookNYUSA
| | - Sara T. Port
- Department of GeosciencesState University of New York at Stony BrookStony BrookNYUSA
- Arkansas Center for Space and Planetary SciencesUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleARUSA
| | - Joel A. Hurowitz
- Department of GeosciencesState University of New York at Stony BrookStony BrookNYUSA
| | - Martin A. Schoonen
- Department of GeosciencesState University of New York at Stony BrookStony BrookNYUSA
- Environment, Biology, Nuclear Science & NonproliferationBrookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNYUSA
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6
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Moslemi H, Gharabaghi M. A review on electrochemical behavior of pyrite in the froth flotation process. J IND ENG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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7
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Shumlas SL, Singireddy S, Thenuwara AC, Attanayake NH, Reeder RJ, Strongin DR. Oxidation of arsenite to arsenate on birnessite in the presence of light. GEOCHEMICAL TRANSACTIONS 2016; 17:5. [PMID: 28316506 PMCID: PMC5053027 DOI: 10.1186/s12932-016-0037-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The effect of simulated solar radiation on the oxidation of arsenite [As(III)] to arsenate [As(V)] on the layered manganese oxide, birnessite, was investigated. Experiments were conducted where birnessite suspensions, under both anoxic and oxic conditions, were irradiated with simulated solar radiation in the presence of As(III) at pH 5, 7, and 9. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was used to determine the nature of the adsorbed product on the surface of the birnessite. The oxidation of As(III) in the presence of birnessite under simulated solar light irradiation occurred at a rate that was faster than in the absence of light at pH 5. At pH 7 and 9, As(V) production was significantly less than at pH 5 and the amount of As(V) production for a given reaction time was the same under dark and light conditions. The first order rate constant (kobs) for As(III) oxidation in the presence of light and in the dark at pH 5 were determined to be 0.07 and 0.04 h-1, respectively. The As(V) product was released into solution along with Mn(II), with the latter product resulting from the reduction of Mn(IV) and/or Mn(III) during the As(III) oxidation process. Post-reaction XAS analysis of As(III) exposed birnessite showed that arsenic was present on the surface as As(V). Experimental results also showed no evidence that reactive oxygen species played a role in the As(III) oxidation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L. Shumlas
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th St., Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA
| | - Soujanya Singireddy
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th St., Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA
| | - Akila C. Thenuwara
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th St., Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA
| | - Nuwan H. Attanayake
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th St., Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA
| | - Richard J. Reeder
- Department of Geosciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - Daniel R. Strongin
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th St., Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA
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8
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Gligorovski S, Strekowski R, Barbati S, Vione D. Environmental Implications of Hydroxyl Radicals (•OH). Chem Rev 2015; 115:13051-92. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500310b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 737] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sasho Gligorovski
- Aix-Marseille
Université, CNRS, LCE UMR 7376, 13331 Marseilles, France
| | - Rafal Strekowski
- Aix-Marseille
Université, CNRS, LCE UMR 7376, 13331 Marseilles, France
| | - Stephane Barbati
- Aix-Marseille
Université, CNRS, LCE UMR 7376, 13331 Marseilles, France
| | - Davide Vione
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Centro
Interdipartimentale NatRisk, Università di Torino, Via L. Da
Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
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9
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Nagata T, Ito S, Itoga K, Kanazawa H, Masaki H. The mechanism of melanocytes-specific cytotoxicity induced by phenol compounds having a prooxidant effect, relating to the appearance of leukoderma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:479798. [PMID: 25861631 PMCID: PMC4377363 DOI: 10.1155/2015/479798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Specific phenol compounds including rhododendrol (RD), a skin-brightening ingredient in cosmetics, are reported to induce leukoderma, inducing a social problem, and the elucidation of mechanism of leukoderma is strongly demanded. This study investigated the relationship among the cytotoxicities of six phenol compounds on B16F10 melanoma cells and HaCaT keratinocytes and generated reactive oxygen species (ROS). As a result, the cytotoxicity of RD on B16F10 cells was higher than that on HaCaT cells, and RD significantly increased intracellular ROS and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels in B16F10 cells. Furthermore, although raspberry ketone (RK), RD derivative, also increased intracellular ROS in B16F10 cells, increase in ROS was suppressed by disodium dihydrogen ethylenediaminetetraacetate dehydrate (EDTA). The amounts of increased ROS with RK in HaCaT cells without melanocyte were further increased by tyrosinase. Therefore, tyrosinase, a metalloprotein having copper, was speculated to be one of causative agents allowing phenol compounds to work as a prooxidant. Hydroxyl radical was generated by adding a mixture of tyrosinase and H2O2 to RD, and the amount of the radical was further increased by UVB, indicating that RD cytotoxicity was caused by intracellularly increased ROS, which possibly related to phenol induced prooxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Nagata
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 2-10 Kawadacho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan
- I.T.O. Co. Ltd., 1-6-7-3F Naka-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-0006, Japan
| | - Shinobu Ito
- I.T.O. Co. Ltd., 1-6-7-3F Naka-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-0006, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Itoga
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 2-10 Kawadacho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan
| | - Hideko Kanazawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Masaki
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakuramachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
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Friedlander LR, Puri N, Schoonen MAA, Wali Karzai A. The effect of pyrite on Escherichia coli in water: proof-of-concept for the elimination of waterborne bacteria by reactive minerals. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2015; 13:42-53. [PMID: 25719464 PMCID: PMC5891221 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2014.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We present proof-of-concept results for the elimination of waterborne bacteria by reactive minerals. We exposed Escherichia coli MG1655 suspended in water to the reactive mineral pyrite (FeS₂) at room temperature and ambient light. This slurry eliminates 99.9% of bacteria in fewer than 4 hours. We also exposed Escherichia coli to pyrite leachate (supernatant liquid from slurry after 24 hours), which eliminates 99.99% of bacteria over the same time-scale. Unlike SOlar water DISinfection (SODIS), our results do not depend on the presence of ultraviolet (UV) light. We confirmed this by testing proposed SODIS additive and known photo-catalyst anatase (TiO₂) for antibacterial properties and found that, in contrast to pyrite, it does not eliminate E. coli under our experimental conditions. Previous investigations of naturally antibiotic minerals have focused on the medical applications of antibiotic clays, and thus have not been conducted under experimental conditions resembling those found in water purification. In our examination of the relevant literature, we have not found previously reported evidence for the use of reactive minerals in water sanitization. The results from this proof-of-concept experiment may have important implications for future directions in household water purification research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lonia R Friedlander
- Department of Geosciences, 255 Earth and Space Sciences (ESS) Building, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2100, USA E-mail:
| | - Neha Puri
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and Center for Infectious Diseases, 5120 State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5120, USA
| | - Martin A A Schoonen
- Department of Geosciences, 255 Earth and Space Sciences (ESS) Building, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2100, USA E-mail:
| | - A Wali Karzai
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and Center for Infectious Diseases, 5120 State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5120, USA
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11
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Dou QQ, Rengaramchandran A, Selvan ST, Paulmurugan R, Zhang Y. Core-shell upconversion nanoparticle - semiconductor heterostructures for photodynamic therapy. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8252. [PMID: 25652742 PMCID: PMC4317689 DOI: 10.1038/srep08252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Core-shell nanoparticles (CSNPs) with diverse chemical compositions have been attracting greater attention in recent years. However, it has been a challenge to develop CSNPs with different crystal structures due to the lattice mismatch of the nanocrystals. Here we report a rational design of core-shell heterostructure consisting of NaYF4:Yb,Tm upconversion nanoparticle (UCN) as the core and ZnO semiconductor as the shell for potential application in photodynamic therapy (PDT). The core-shell architecture (confirmed by TEM and STEM) enables for improving the loading efficiency of photosensitizer (ZnO) as the semiconductor is directly coated on the UCN core. Importantly, UCN acts as a transducer to sensitize ZnO and trigger the generation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) to induce cancer cell death. We also present a firefly luciferase (FLuc) reporter gene based molecular biosensor (ARE-FLuc) to measure the antioxidant signaling response activated in cells during the release of ROS in response to the exposure of CSNPs under 980 nm NIR light. The breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 and 4T1) exposed to CSNPs showed significant release of ROS as measured by aminophenyl fluorescein (APF) and ARE-FLuc luciferase assays, and ~45% cancer cell death as measured by MTT assay, when illuminated with 980 nm NIR light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Qing Dou
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A * STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602
| | - Adith Rengaramchandran
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
| | - Subramanian Tamil Selvan
- 1] Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A * STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602 [2] Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575
| | - Ramasamy Paulmurugan
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575
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Liu W, Xu L, Li X, Shen C, Rashid S, Wen Y, Liu W, Wu X. High-dispersive FeS2 on graphene oxide for effective degradation of 4-chlorophenol. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra11354c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High-dispersive FeS2 particles on graphene oxide (FeS2@GO) was prepared by a one-pot hydrothermal method for efficient removal and mineralization of aqueous 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) under slightly acidic or alkaline conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanpeng Liu
- Institute of Environmental Science
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- China
| | - Lili Xu
- Institute of Environmental Science
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- China
| | - Xingfa Li
- Institute of Environmental Science
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- China
| | - Chensi Shen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
- China
| | - Sadia Rashid
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
- China
| | - Yuezhong Wen
- Institute of Environmental Science
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- China
| | - Weiping Liu
- Institute of Environmental Science
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- China
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- College of Chemistry and Life Science
- Zhejiang Normal University
- Jinhua 310024
- China
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13
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Ball R, Brindley J. Hydrogen peroxide thermochemical oscillator as driver for primordial RNA replication. J R Soc Interface 2014; 11:20131052. [PMID: 24647902 PMCID: PMC4006232 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2013.1052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents and tests a previously unrecognized mechanism for driving a replicating molecular system on the prebiotic earth. It is proposed that cell-free RNA replication in the primordial soup may have been driven by self-sustained oscillatory thermochemical reactions. To test this hypothesis, a well-characterized hydrogen peroxide oscillator was chosen as the driver and complementary RNA strands with known association and melting kinetics were used as the substrate. An open flow system model for the self-consistent, coupled evolution of the temperature and concentrations in a simple autocatalytic scheme is solved numerically, and it is shown that thermochemical cycling drives replication of the RNA strands. For the (justifiably realistic) values of parameters chosen for the simulated example system, the mean amount of replicant produced at steady state is 6.56 times the input amount, given a constant supply of substrate species. The spontaneous onset of sustained thermochemical oscillations via slowly drifting parameters is demonstrated, and a scheme is given for prebiotic production of complementary RNA strands on rock surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowena Ball
- Mathematical Sciences Institute, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - John Brindley
- School of Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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14
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Schoonen MA, Schoonen JM. Removal of crystal violet from aqueous solutions using coal. J Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 422:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Hao F, Guo W, Lin X, Leng Y, Wang A, Yue X, Yan L. Degradation of Acid Orange 7 in aqueous solution by dioxygen activation in a pyrite/H₂O/O₂ system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:6723-6728. [PMID: 24510532 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2589-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Increasing attention has been paid to pyrite due to its ability to generate hydroxyl radicals in air-saturated solutions. In this study, the mineral pyrite was studied as a catalyst to activate molecular oxygen to degrade Acid Orange 7 (AO7) in aqueous solution. A complete set of control experiments were conducted to optimize the reaction conditions, including the dosage of pyrite, the AO7 concentration, as well as the initial pH value. The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by pyrite in the process was elucidated by free radical quenching reactions. Furthermore, the concentrations of Fe(II) and total Fe formed were also measured. The mechanism for the production of ROS in the pyrite/H2O/O2 system was that H2O2 was formed by hydrogen ion and superoxide anion (O2(·-)) which was produced by the reaction of pyrite activating O2 and then reacted with Fe(II) dissolved from pyrite to produce (·)OH through Fenton reaction. The findings suggest that pyrite/H2O/O2 system is potentially practical in pollution treatment. Moreover, the results provide a new insight into the understanding of the mechanism for degradation of organic pollutants by pyrite.
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16
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Harrington AD, Hylton S, Schoonen MAA. Pyrite-driven reactive oxygen species formation in simulated lung fluid: implications for coal workers' pneumoconiosis. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2012; 34:527-538. [PMID: 21989857 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-011-9438-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The origin of coal worker's pneumoconiosis (CWP) has been long debated. A recent epidemiological study shows a correlation between what is essentially the concentration of pyrite within coal and the prevalence of CWP in miners. Hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical, both reactive oxygen species (ROS), form as byproducts of pyrite oxidative dissolution in air-saturated water. Motivated by the possible importance of ROS in the pathogenesis of CWP, we conducted an experimental study to evaluate if ROS form as byproducts in the oxidative dissolution of pyrite in simulated lung fluid (SLF) under biologically applicable conditions and to determine the persistence of pyrite in SLF. While the rate of pyrite oxidative dissolution in SLF is suppressed by 51% when compared to that in air-saturated water, the initial amount of hydrogen peroxide formed as a byproduct in SLF is nearly doubled. Hydroxyl radical is also formed in the experiments with SLF, but at lower concentrations than in the experiments with water. The formation of these ROS indicates that the reaction mechanism for pyrite oxidative dissolution in SLF is no different from that in water. The elevated hydrogen peroxide concentration in SLF suggests that the decomposition, via the Fenton mechanism to hydroxyl radical or with Fe(III) to form water and molecular oxygen, is initially inhibited by the presence of SLF components. On the basis of the oxidative dissolution rate of pyrite measured in this paper, it is calculated that a respirable two micron pyrite particle will take over 3 years to dissolve completely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea D Harrington
- Department of Geosciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2100, USA.
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17
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Harrington AD, Tsirka SE, Schoonen MAA. Quantification of particle-induced inflammatory stress response: a novel approach for toxicity testing of earth materials. GEOCHEMICAL TRANSACTIONS 2012; 13:4. [PMID: 22513118 PMCID: PMC3351022 DOI: 10.1186/1467-4866-13-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are vital regulators of many cellular functions in the body. The intracellular ROS concentration is highly regulated by a balance between pro-oxidants and anti-oxidants. A chronic excess of pro-oxidants leads to elevated ROS concentrations and inflammation, possibly initiating or enhancing disease onset. Mineral-induced generation of ROS, the role of minerals in upregulating cellular ROS, and their role in the development of several occupational diseases are now widely recognized. However, there is no standard protocol to determine changes in ROS production in cells after exposure to mineral dust or earth materials in general. In this study, a new method for determining the degree of cellular toxicity (i.e., cytotoxicity) of particles is described that will help bridge the gap in knowledge. RESULTS By measuring the production of ROS and the viability of cells, an inflammatory stress response (ISR) indicator is defined. This approach normalizes the ROS upregulation with respect to the number of viable cells at the time of measurement. We conducted experiments on a series of minerals and soils that represent materials that are inert (i.e., glass beads, anatase, and a soil with low trace element content), moderately reactive (i.e., soil with high trace element content), and highly reactive (i.e., pyrite). Inert materials generated the lowest ISR, averaging 350% compared to the control. Acid washed pyrite produced the highest ISR (1,100 fold higher than the control). The measurements conducted as a function of time showed a complex response. Most materials showed an increase in ISR with particle loading. CONCLUSIONS The amount of cellularly generated ROS and cell viability combined provide a better understanding of particle-induced oxidative stress. The results indicate that some earth materials may solicit an initial burst of ROS, followed by a second phase in which cell viability decreases and ROS production increases, leading to a high ISR value. Hence, measurements conducted over a range of particle loading combined with multiple data measurements up to 24 hours can provide new insights in the possible effect of exposure to earth materials on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea D Harrington
- Department of Geosciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11784-2100, USA
| | - Stella E Tsirka
- Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8651, USA
| | - Martin AA Schoonen
- Department of Geosciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11784-2100, USA
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Fenoglio I, Fubini B, Ghibaudi EM, Turci F. Multiple aspects of the interaction of biomacromolecules with inorganic surfaces. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2011; 63:1186-209. [PMID: 21871508 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The understanding of the mechanisms involved in the interaction of biological systems with inorganic materials is of interest in both fundamental and applied disciplines. The adsorption of proteins modulates the formation of biofilms onto surfaces, a process important in infections associated to medical implants, in dental caries, in environmental technologies. The interaction with biomacromolecules is crucial to determine the beneficial/adverse response of cells to foreign inorganic materials as implants, engineered or accidentally produced inorganic nanoparticles. A detailed knowledge of the surface/biological fluids interface processes is needed for the design of new biocompatible materials. Researchers involved in the different disciplines face up with similar difficulties in describing and predicting phenomena occurring at the interface between solid phases and biological fluids. This review represents an attempt to integrate the knowledge from different research areas by focussing on the search for determinants driving the interaction of inorganic surfaces with biological matter.
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Ito S, Mori T, Kanazawa H, Sawaguchi T. Estimation of the postmortem duration of mouse tissue by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. J Toxicol 2011; 2011:973172. [PMID: 21776268 PMCID: PMC3135332 DOI: 10.1155/2011/973172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron spin resonance (ESR) method is a simple method for detecting various free radicals simultaneously and directly. However, ESR spin trap method is unsuited to analyze weak ESR signals in organs because of water-induced dielectric loss (WIDL). To minimize WIDL occurring in biotissues and to improve detection sensitivity to free radicals in tissues, ESR cuvette was modified and used with 5,5-dimethtyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO). The tissue samples were mouse brain, hart, lung, liver, kidney, pancreas, muscle, skin, and whole blood, where various ESR spin adduct signals including DMPO-ascorbyl radical (AsA(∗)), DMPO-superoxide anion radical (OOH), and DMPO-hydrogen radical (H) signal were detected. Postmortem changes in DMPO-AsA(∗) and DMPO-OOH were observed in various tissues of mouse. The signal peak of spin adduct was monitored until the 205th day postmortem. DMPO-AsA(∗) in liver (y = 113.8-40.7 log (day), R1 = -0.779, R2 = 0.6, P < .001) was found to linearly decrease with the logarithm of postmortem duration days. Therefore, DMPO-AsA(∗) signal may be suitable for detecting an oxidation stress tracer from tissue in comparison with other spin adduct signal on ESR spin trap method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinobu Ito
- I.T.O. Provitamin Research Center, 1-6-7-3F Nakamachi, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Mori
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
| | - Hideko Kanazawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Toshiko Sawaguchi
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Regional Health Therapy, Teikyo Heisei University, 4-1 Uruido-minami, Ichihara, Chiba, Japan
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Pham HT, Suto K, Inoue C. Trichloroethylene transformation in aerobic pyrite suspension: pathways and kinetic modeling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:6744-6749. [PMID: 19764244 DOI: 10.1021/es900623u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The pathways and kinetics of trichloroethylene (TCE) degradation in aerobic pyrite suspension were investigated. The detection of hydroxyl radical in aqueous pyrite suspension suggested that TCE was degraded by this strong oxidant The reaction pathways of TCE degradation were proposed in which the degradation of TCE to formic acid and finally to CO2 was the main route. Degradation of TCE to oxalic acid and to dichloroacetic acid were found as minor pathways. Degradation rates of TCE to formic acid, glyoxylic acid, and dichloroacetic acid were obtained using kinetic model at 1.2 x 10(-2), 9.8 x 10(-4) and 4.6 x 10(-4) h(-1), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoa T Pham
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-20 Aoba, Aramaki-Aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan.
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21
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Takahama U, Ryu K, Oniki T, Hirota S. Dual-function of thiocyanate on nitrite-induced formation of reactive nitrogen oxide species in human oral cavity: Inhibition under neutral and enhancement under acidic conditions. Free Radic Res 2009; 41:1289-300. [DOI: 10.1080/10715760701710885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Pham HT, Kitsuneduka M, Hara J, Suto K, Inoue C. Trichloroethylene transformation by natural mineral pyrite: the deciding role of oxygen. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2008; 42:7470-5. [PMID: 18939588 DOI: 10.1021/es801310y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The transformation of trichloroethylene (TCE) in natural mineral iron disulfide (pyrite) aqueous suspension under different oxygen conditions was investigated in laboratory batch experiments. TCE transformation was pursued by monitoring its disappearance and products released with time. The effect of oxygen was studied by varying the initial dissolved oxygen concentration (DO(i)) inside each reactor. Transformation rates depended strongly on DO(i) in the system. In anaerobic pyrite suspension, TCE did not transform as it did under aerobic conditions. The transformation rate increased with an increase in DO(i). The TCE transformation kinetics was fitted to a pseudo-first-order reaction with a rate constant k (h(-1)) varying from 0.004 to 0.013 for closed systems with DO(i) varying from 0.017 to 0.268 mmol/L under the experimental conditions. In the aerobic systems, TCE transformed to several organic acids including dichloroacetic acid, glyoxylic acid, oxalic acid, formic acid, and finally to CO2 and chloride ion. Dichloroacetic acid was the only chlorinated intermediate found. Both TCE and the pyrite surface were oxidized in the presence of O2. Oxygen consumption profiles showed O2 was the common oxidant in both TCE and pyrite oxidation reactions. Ferric ion cannot be used as an alternative oxidant to oxygen for TCE transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoa T Pham
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-20, Aramaki-Aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.
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Cohn CA, Laffers R, Simon SR, O'Riordan T, Schoonen MAA. Role of pyrite in formation of hydroxyl radicals in coal: possible implications for human health. Part Fibre Toxicol 2006; 3:16. [PMID: 17177987 PMCID: PMC1764420 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-3-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2006] [Accepted: 12/19/2006] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The harmful effects from inhalation of coal dust are well-documented. The prevalence of lung disease varies by mining region and may, in part, be related to regional differences in the bioavailable iron content of the coal. Pyrite (FeS2), a common inorganic component in coal, has been shown to spontaneously form reactive oxygen species (ROS) (i.e., hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals) and degrade nucleic acids. This raises the question regarding the potential for similar reactivity from coal that contains pyrite. Experiments were performed to specifically evaluate the role of pyrite in coal dust reactivity. Coal samples containing various amounts of FeS2 were compared for differences in their generation of ROS and degradation of RNA. RESULTS Coals that contain iron also show the presence of FeS2, generate ROS and degrade RNA. Coal samples that do not contain pyrite do not produce ROS nor degrade RNA. The concentration of generated ROS and degradation rate of RNA both increase with greater FeS2 content in the coals. CONCLUSION The prevalence of coal workers' pneumoconiosis can be correlated to the amount of FeS2 in the coals. Considering the harmful effects of generation of ROS by inhaled particles, the results presented here show a possible mechanism whereby coal samples may contribute to CWP. This suggests that the toxicity of coal may be explained, in part, by the presence of FeS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey A Cohn
- Department of Geosciences and Center for Environmental Molecular Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2100, USA
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Lerso Parkalle 105, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Richard Laffers
- Department of Geosciences and Center for Environmental Molecular Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2100, USA
| | - Sanford R Simon
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Thomas O'Riordan
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Martin AA Schoonen
- Department of Geosciences and Center for Environmental Molecular Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2100, USA
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24
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Current awareness on yeast. Yeast 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.1321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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25
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Cohn CA, Mueller S, Wimmer E, Leifer N, Greenbaum S, Strongin DR, Schoonen MAA. Pyrite-induced hydroxyl radical formation and its effect on nucleic acids. GEOCHEMICAL TRANSACTIONS 2006; 7:3. [PMID: 16759350 PMCID: PMC1523326 DOI: 10.1186/1467-4866-7-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2005] [Accepted: 04/04/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyrite, the most abundant metal sulphide on Earth, is known to spontaneously form hydrogen peroxide when exposed to water. In this study the hypothesis that pyrite-induced hydrogen peroxide is transformed to hydroxyl radicals is tested. RESULTS Using a combination of electron spin resonance (ESR) spin-trapping techniques and scavenging reactions involving nucleic acids, the formation of hydroxyl radicals in pyrite/aqueous suspensions is demonstrated. The addition of EDTA to pyrite slurries inhibits the hydrogen peroxide-to-hydroxyl radical conversion, but does not inhibit the formation of hydrogen peroxide. Given the stability of EDTA chelation with both ferrous and ferric iron, this suggests that the addition of the EDTA prevents the transformation by chelation of dissolved iron species. CONCLUSION While the exact mechanism or mechanisms of the hydrogen peroxide-to-hydroxyl radical conversion cannot be resolved on the basis of the experiments reported in this study, it is clear that the pyrite surface promotes the reaction. The formation of hydroxyl radicals is significant because they react nearly instantaneously with most organic molecules. This suggests that the presence of pyrite in natural, engineered, or physiological aqueous systems may induce the transformation of a wide range of organic molecules. This finding has implications for the role pyrite may play in aquatic environments and raises the question whether inhalation of pyrite dust contributes to the development of lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey A Cohn
- Department of Geosciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Center for Environmental Molecular Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2100, USA
| | - Steffen Mueller
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2100, USA
| | - Eckard Wimmer
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2100, USA
| | - Nicole Leifer
- Department of Physics, Hunter College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | | | - Daniel R Strongin
- Department of Chemistry, Beury Hall 201, 1901 N. 13th Street, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
- Center for Environmental Molecular Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2100, USA
| | - Martin AA Schoonen
- Department of Geosciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Center for Environmental Molecular Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2100, USA
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