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Zhao D, Lu H, Cheng Q, Huang Q, Ai J, Zhang Z, Liu H, He Z, Li Q. Research Progress on Inactivation of Bacteriophages by Visible-Light Photocatalytic Composite Materials: A Mini Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 17:44. [PMID: 38203898 PMCID: PMC10779577 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by waterborne viruses have attracted researchers' great attention. To ensure a safe water environment, it is important to advance water treatment and disinfection technology. Photocatalytic technology offers an efficient and practical approach for achieving this goal. This paper reviews the latest studies on visible-light composite catalysts for bacteriophage inactivation, with a main focus on three distinct categories: modified UV materials, direct visible-light materials and carbon-based materials. This review gives an insight into the progress in photocatalytic material development and offers a promising solution for bacteriophage inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqiang Zhao
- School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China; (H.L.); (Q.H.); (H.L.); (Q.L.)
- National Engineering Research Center for Inland Waterway Regulation, Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400074, China
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; (J.A.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Heng Lu
- School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China; (H.L.); (Q.H.); (H.L.); (Q.L.)
- National Engineering Research Center for Inland Waterway Regulation, Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Qingkong Cheng
- School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China; (H.L.); (Q.H.); (H.L.); (Q.L.)
- National Engineering Research Center for Inland Waterway Regulation, Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400074, China
- Joint Graduate Training Base for Resources and Environment between Chongqing Jiaotong University and Chongqing Gangli Environmental Protection Co., Ltd., Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Qi Huang
- School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China; (H.L.); (Q.H.); (H.L.); (Q.L.)
- National Engineering Research Center for Inland Waterway Regulation, Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Jing Ai
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; (J.A.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhibo Zhang
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; (J.A.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Hainan Liu
- School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China; (H.L.); (Q.H.); (H.L.); (Q.L.)
- National Engineering Research Center for Inland Waterway Regulation, Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Zongfei He
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Qiuhong Li
- School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China; (H.L.); (Q.H.); (H.L.); (Q.L.)
- National Engineering Research Center for Inland Waterway Regulation, Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400074, China
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Raza S, Wdowiak M, Paczesny J. An Overview of Diverse Strategies To Inactivate Enterobacteriaceae-Targeting Bacteriophages. EcoSal Plus 2023; 11:eesp00192022. [PMID: 36651738 PMCID: PMC10729933 DOI: 10.1128/ecosalplus.esp-0019-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria and thus threaten industrial processes relying on the production executed by bacterial cells. Industries bear huge economic losses due to such recurring and resilient infections. Depending on the specificity of the process, there is a need for appropriate methods of bacteriophage inactivation, with an emphasis on being inexpensive and high efficiency. In this review, we summarize the reports on antiphagents, i.e., antibacteriophage agents on inactivation of bacteriophages. We focused on bacteriophages targeting the representatives of the Enterobacteriaceae family, as its representative, Escherichia coli, is most commonly used in the bio-industry. The review is divided into sections dealing with bacteriophage inactivation by physical factors, chemical factors, and nanotechnology-based solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sada Raza
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Wdowiak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Paczesny
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Yoon Y, Kim B, Cho M. Tailored hybrid microbial water disinfection system using sequentially assembled microbial fuel cells and an ultraviolet C light-emitting diode. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 244:120482. [PMID: 37678038 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
An integrated ultraviolet C light-emitting diode (UV-C LED) water disinfection system activated by microbial fuel cells (MFCs) was developed, and optimized via electric circuit and device voltage profiling. The intensity of the renewable energy operated, self-powered UV-C LED for E. coli inactivation was calculated by bio-dosimetry to be 2.4 × 10-2 μW cm-2 using fluence-based rate constant (k) of ∼1.03 (±0.11) cm2/mJ to obtain the reduction equivalent fluence kinetics value. Finally, the first-order rate constant for E. coli inactivation during the tailored hybrid disinfection system was found to be 0.53 (±0.1) cm2/mJ by multiplying intensity with 1.09 (±0.1) × 10-5 s-1 derived from the linear regression of E. coli inactivation as a function of time. Furthermore, selected model microbial consisting of two bacteria (Salmonella sp. and Listeria sp.) and three viruses (MS2 bacteriophage, influenza A virus, and murine norovirus-1) were treated with UV-C LED irradiation under controlled experimental conditions to validate the disinfection efficiency of the system. Consequently, the required to achieve significant removal (i.e., >3-log; 99.9%) UV fluence and dose time were calculated to be 4-7 cm2/mJ and 54-76 h and 33-53 cm2/mJ and 400-622 h for model bacterial and viral, respectively. This study expands the applicability of microbial electrochemical system (MES) for microbial disinfection and could be utilized in future MFCs implementation studies for predicting and measuring the kinetics of microbial elimination using a tailored hybrid water treatment system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younggun Yoon
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongkyu Kim
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Cho
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, Republic of Korea.
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Alum A, Zhao Z, Ersan MS, Mewes T, Barnes M, Westerhoff P, Abbaszadegan M. Implication of cell culture methods and biases on UV inactivation of viruses. J Virol Methods 2022; 309:114610. [PMID: 36064127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2022.114610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Inactivation of human respiratory viruses in air and on surfaces is important to control their spread. Exposure to germicidal ultraviolet (UV-C) light damages viral nucleic acid rendering them non-infectious. Most of the recent viral inactivation studies have not considered potential artifacts caused by interactions between UV-C light and culture media used to suspend and deposit virus on surfaces. We show that the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) form when commonly used virus culture media is exposed to 265 nm irradiation from light emitting diodes (LEDs) at UV-C doses (4 or 40 mJ/cm2) commonly considered to achieve multiple log-inactivation of virus. Surface viral inactivation values were enhanced from 0.49 to 2.92 log10 of viruses in DMEM, EMEM or EMEM-F as compared to absence of culture media (only suspended in Tris-buffer). The mechanisms responsible for the enhanced surface inactivate is hypothesized to involve photo-activation of vitamins and dyes present in the culture media, deposited with the virus on surfaces to be disinfected, which produce ROS and RNS. Given the rapidly growing research and commercial markets for UV-C disinfecting devices, there is a need to establish surface disinfecting protocols that avoid viral inactivation enhancement artifacts associated with selection and use of common cell culture media in the presence of UV-C light. This study addresses this weak link in the literature and highlights that inadequate selection of virus suspension media may cause a bias (i.e., over-estimation) for the UV-C dosages required for virus inactivation on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Absar Alum
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Zhe Zhao
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA; Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, Arizona State University, USA
| | - Mahmut S Ersan
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA; Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, Arizona State University, USA
| | | | | | - Paul Westerhoff
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA; Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, Arizona State University, USA
| | - Morteza Abbaszadegan
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.
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Lanrewaju AA, Enitan-Folami AM, Sabiu S, Swalaha FM. A review on disinfection methods for inactivation of waterborne viruses. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:991856. [PMID: 36212890 PMCID: PMC9539188 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.991856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Water contamination is a global health problem, and the need for safe water is ever-growing due to the public health implications of unsafe water. Contaminated water could contain pathogenic bacteria, protozoa, and viruses that are implicated in several debilitating human diseases. The prevalence and survival of waterborne viruses differ from bacteria and other waterborne microorganisms. In addition, viruses are responsible for more severe waterborne diseases such as gastroenteritis, myocarditis, and encephalitis among others, hence the need for dedicated attention to viral inactivation. Disinfection is vital to water treatment because it removes pathogens, including viruses. The commonly used methods and techniques of disinfection for viral inactivation in water comprise physical disinfection such as membrane filtration, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, and conventional chemical processes such as chlorine, monochloramine, chlorine dioxide, and ozone among others. However, the production of disinfection by-products (DBPs) that accompanies chemical methods of disinfection is an issue of great concern due to the increase in the risks of harm to humans, for example, the development of cancer of the bladder and adverse reproductive outcomes. Therefore, this review examines the conventional disinfection approaches alongside emerging disinfection technologies, such as photocatalytic disinfection, cavitation, and electrochemical disinfection. Moreover, the merits, limitations, and log reduction values (LRVs) of the different disinfection methods discussed were compared concerning virus removal efficiency. Future research needs to merge single disinfection techniques into one to achieve improved viral disinfection, and the development of medicinal plant-based materials as disinfectants due to their antimicrobial and safety benefits to avoid toxicity is also highlighted.
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Kamat M, Moor K, Langlois G, Chen M, Parker KM, McNeill K, Snow SD. The Overlooked Photochemistry of Iodine in Aqueous Suspensions of Fullerene Derivatives. ACS NANO 2022; 16:8309-8317. [PMID: 35533084 PMCID: PMC9134498 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fullerene's low water solubility was a serious challenge to researchers aiming to harness their excellent photochemical properties for aqueous applications. Cationic functionalization of the fullerene cage provided the most effective approach to increase water solubility, but common synthesis practices inadvertently complicated the photochemistry of these systems by introducing iodide as a counterion. This problem was overlooked until recent work noted a potentiation effect which occurred when photosensitizers were used to inactivate microorganisms with added potassium iodide. In this work, several photochemical pathways were explored to determine the extent and underlying mechanisms of iodide's interference in the photosensitization of singlet oxygen by cationic fulleropyrrolidinium ions and rose bengal. Triplet excited state sensitizer lifetimes were measured via laser flash photolysis to probe the role of I- in triplet sensitizer quenching. Singlet oxygen production rates were compared across sensitizers in the presence or absence of I-, SO42-, and other anions. 3,5-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazole was employed as a chemical probe for iodine radical species, such as I·, but none were observed in the photochemical systems. Molecular iodine and triiodide, however, were found in significant quantities when photosensitizers were irradiated in the presence of I- and O2. The formation of I2 in these photochemical systems calls into question the interpretations of prior studies that used I- as a counterion for photosensitizer materials. As an example, MS2 bacteriophages were inactivated here by cationic fullerenes with and without I- present, showing that I- moderately accelerated the MS2 deactivation, likely by producing I2. Production of I2 did not appear to be directly correlated with estimates of 1O2 concentration, suggesting that the relevant photochemical pathways are more complex than direct reactions between 1O2 and I- in the bulk solution. On the basis of the results here, iodine photochemistry may be underappreciated and misunderstood in other environmental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusudan Kamat
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University, 3255 Patrick Taylor Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Kyle Moor
- Utah
Water Research Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Utah State University, 4110 Old Main Hill, Logan Utah 84322-4110, United States
- Department
of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabrielle Langlois
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University, 3255 Patrick Taylor Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Moshan Chen
- Department
of Energy, Environmental, & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, United States
| | - Kimberly M. Parker
- Department
of Energy, Environmental, & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, United States
| | - Kristopher McNeill
- Department
of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samuel D. Snow
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University, 3255 Patrick Taylor Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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Sanito RC, You SJ, Wang YF. Degradation of contaminants in plasma technology: An overview. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127390. [PMID: 34879580 PMCID: PMC8500698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The information of plasma technologies applications for environmental clean-up on treating and degrading metals, metalloids, dyes, biomass, antibiotics, pesticides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), bacteria, virus and fungi is compiled and organized in the review article. Different reactor configurations of plasma technology have been applied for reactive species generation, responsible for the pollutants removal, hydrogen and methane production and microorganism inactivation. Therefore, in this review article, the reactive species from discharge plasma are presented here to provide the insight into the environmental applications. The combinations of plasma technology with flux agent and photocatalytic are also given in this review paper associated with the setup of the plasma system on the removal process of metals, VOCs, and microorganisms. Furthermore, the potential of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) inactivation via plasma technology is also described in this review paper. Detailed information of plasma parameter configuration is given to support the influence of the critical process in the plasma system to deal with contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raynard Christianson Sanito
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, No. 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sheng-Jie You
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, No. 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan, ROC; Center for Environmental Risk Management, Chung Yuan Christian University, No. 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ya-Fen Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, No. 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan, ROC; Center for Environmental Risk Management, Chung Yuan Christian University, No. 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan, ROC.
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Song K, Wang H, Jiao Z, Qu G, Chen W, Wang G, Wang T, Zhang Z, Ling F. Inactivation efficacy and mechanism of pulsed corona discharge plasma on virus in water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 422:126906. [PMID: 34416696 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The presence of viruses in water is a major risk for human and animal health due to their high resistance to disinfection. Pulsed corona discharge plasma (PCDP) efficiently inactivates bacteria by causing damage to biological macromolecules, but its effect on waterborne virus has not been reported. This study evaluated the inactivation efficacy of PCDP to viruses using spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) as a model. The results showed that 4-log10 reduction of SVCV infectivity in cells was reached after 120 s treatment, and there was no significant difference in survival of fish infected with SVCV inactivated by PCDP for 240 s or more longer compared to the control fish without virus challenge, thus confirming the feasibility of PCDP to waterborne virus inactivation. Moreover, the high input energy density caused by voltage significantly improved the inactivation efficiency. The further research indicated that reactive species (RS) generated by pulsed corona discharge firstly reacted with phosphoprotein (P) and polymerase complex proteins (L) through penetration into the SVCV virions, and then caused the loss of viral infectivity by damage to genome and other structural proteins. This study has significant implications for waterborne virus removal and development of novel disinfection technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaige Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Zhi Jiao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Guangzhou Qu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China.
| | - Weichao Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Gaoxue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Fei Ling
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China.
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Parra-Ortiz E, Malmsten M. Photocatalytic nanoparticles - From membrane interactions to antimicrobial and antiviral effects. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 299:102526. [PMID: 34610862 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
As a result of increasing resistance among pathogens against antibiotics and anti-viral therapeutics, nanomaterials are attracting current interest as antimicrobial agents. Such materials offer triggered functionalities to combat challenging infections, based on either direct membrane action, effects of released ions, thermal shock induced by either light or magnetic fields, or oxidative photocatalysis. In the present overview, we focus on photocatalytic antimicrobial effects, in which light exposure triggers generation of reactive oxygen species. These, in turn, cause oxidative damage to key components in bacteria and viruses, including lipid membranes, lipopolysaccharides, proteins, and DNA/RNA. While an increasing body of studies demonstrate that potent antimicrobial effects can be achieved by photocatalytic nanomaterials, understanding of the mechanistic foundation underlying such effects is still in its infancy. Addressing this, we here provide an overview of the current understanding of the interaction of photocatalytic nanomaterials with pathogen membranes and membrane components, and how this translates into antibacterial and antiviral effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Parra-Ortiz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Malmsten
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Physical Chemistry 1, University of Lund, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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Photocatalytic Inactivation of Viruses Using Graphitic Carbon Nitride-Based Photocatalysts: Virucidal Performance and Mechanism. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11121448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of lethal viral infections necessitates the innovation of novel disinfection techniques for contaminated surfaces, air, and wastewater as significant transmission media of disease. The instigated research has led to the development of photocatalysis as an effective renewable solar-driven technology relying on the reactive oxidative species, mainly hydroxyl (OH●) and superoxide (O2●−) radicals, for rupturing the capsid shell of the virus and loss of pathogenicity. Metal-free graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), which possesses a visible light active bandgap structure, low toxicity, and high thermal stability, has recently attracted attention for viral inactivation. In addition, g-C3N4-based photocatalysts have also experienced a renaissance in many domains, including environment, energy conversion, and biomedical applications. Herein, we discuss the three aspects of the antiviral mechanism, intending to highlight the advantages of photocatalysis over traditional viral disinfection techniques. The sole agenda of the review is to summarize the significant research on g-C3N4-based photocatalysts for viral inactivation by reactive oxidative species generation. An evaluation of the photocatalysis operational parameters affecting viral inactivation kinetics is presented. An overview of the prevailing challenges and sustainable solutions is presented to fill in the existing knowledge gaps. Given the merits of graphitic carbon nitride and the heterogeneous photocatalytic viral inactivation mechanism, we hope that further research will contribute to preventing the ongoing Coronavirus pandemic and future calamities.
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Kim K, Narayanan J, Sen A, Chellam S. Virus Removal and Inactivation Mechanisms during Iron Electrocoagulation: Capsid and Genome Damages and Electro-Fenton Reactions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:13198-13208. [PMID: 34546747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Virus destabilization and inactivation are critical considerations in providing safe drinking water. We demonstrate that iron electrocoagulation simultaneously removed (via sweep flocculation) and inactivated a non-enveloped virus surrogate (MS2 bacteriophage) under slightly acidic conditions, resulting in highly effective virus control (e.g., 5-logs at 20 mg Fe/L and pH 6.4 in 30 min). Electrocoagulation simultaneously generated H2O2 and Fe(II) that can potentially trigger electro-Fenton reactions to produce reactive oxygen species such as •OH and high valent oxoiron(IV) that are capable of inactivating viruses. To date, viral attenuation during water treatment has been largely probed by evaluating infective virions (as plaque forming units) or genomic damage (via the quantitative polymerase chain reaction). In addition to these existing means of assessing virus attenuation, a novel technique of correlating transmission electron micrographs of electrocoagulated MS2 with their computationally altered three-dimensional electron density maps was developed to provide direct visual evidence of capsid morphological damages during electrocoagulation. The majority of coliphages lost at least 10-60% of the capsid protein missing a minimum of one of the 5-fold and two of 3- and 2-fold regions upon electrocoagulation, revealing substantial localized capsid deformation. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed potential oxidation of viral coat proteins and modification of their secondary structures that were attributed to reactive oxygen species. Iron electrocoagulation simultaneously disinfects and coagulates non-enveloped viruses (unlike conventional coagulation), adding to the robustness of multiple barriers necessary for public health protection and appears to be a promising technology for small-scale distributed water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungho Kim
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3136, United States
| | - Jothikumar Narayanan
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States
| | - Anindito Sen
- Microscopy and Imaging Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2257, United States
| | - Shankararaman Chellam
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3136, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3122, United States
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12
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Heffron J, Bork M, Mayer BK, Skwor T. A Comparison of Porphyrin Photosensitizers in Photodynamic Inactivation of RNA and DNA Bacteriophages. Viruses 2021; 13:v13030530. [PMID: 33807067 PMCID: PMC8005208 DOI: 10.3390/v13030530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective broad-spectrum antiviral treatments are in dire need as disinfectants and therapeutic alternatives. One such method of disinfection is photodynamic inactivation, which involves the production of reactive oxygen species from dissolved oxygen in response to light-stimulated photosensitizers. This study evaluated the efficacy of functionalized porphyrin compounds for photodynamic inactivation of bacteriophages as human virus surrogates. A blue-light light emitting diode (LED) lamp was used to activate porphyrin compounds in aqueous solution (phosphate buffer). The DNA bacteriophages ΦX174 and P22 were more resistant to porphyrin TMPyP photodynamic inactivation than RNA bacteriophage fr, with increasing rates of inactivation in the order: ΦX174 << P22 << fr. Bacteriophage ΦX174 was therefore considered a resistant virus suitable for the evaluation of three additional porphyrins. These porphyrins were synthesized from TMPyP by inclusion of a central palladium ion (PdT4) and/or the addition of a hydrophobic C14 chain (PdC14 or C14). While the inactivation rate of bacteriophage ΦX174 via TMPyP was similar to previous reports of resistant viruses, ΦX174 inactivation increased by a factor of approximately 2.5 using the metalloporphyrins PdT4 and PdC14. The order of porphyrin effectiveness was TMPyP < C14 < PdT4 < PdC14, indicating that both Pd2+ ligation and C14 functionalization aided virus inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Heffron
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, 1637 W. Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA; (J.H.); (B.K.M.)
| | - Matthew Bork
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Rockford University, 5050 E. State St., Rockford, IL 61108, USA;
| | - Brooke K. Mayer
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, 1637 W. Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA; (J.H.); (B.K.M.)
| | - Troy Skwor
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, 2400 E. Hartford Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
- Correspondence:
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13
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Wang Z, Lv J, Zhang S, Christie P, Zhang S. Interfacial Molecular Fractionation on Ferrihydrite Reduces the Photochemical Reactivity of Dissolved Organic Matter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:1769-1778. [PMID: 33494598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The selective sorption of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on minerals is a widespread geochemical process in the natural environment. Recent studies have explored the influence of this process on the molecular fractionation of DOM at water-mineral interfaces. However, it remains unclear how molecular fractionation affects the photochemistry of DOM. Here, we demonstrate that the adsorptive fractionation of DOM on ferrihydrite greatly reduces its photoproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) including 1O2, O2•-, and •OH normalized to organic carbon (ROSOC). The ROSOC for 1O2, O2•-, and •OH were positively correlated with the abundances of polyphenols and oxygenated polycyclic aromatics, which were also observed using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) analysis to be preferentially sequestered by ferrihydrite. The molecules that preferentially remained in the solution after adsorption displayed low levels of ROSOC. The molecular fractionation of DOM induced by adsorption on ferrihydrite therefore influenced the molecular components and also significantly reduced the photoreactive fractions of DOM in waters. These results are very important in promoting our understanding of the effects of molecular fractionation on the biogeochemical features, behaviors, and implications of DOM in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of the Chinese the Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jitao Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Suhuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of the Chinese the Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peter Christie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Shuzhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of the Chinese the Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Kim JBK, Mackeyev Y, Raghuram S, Cho SH, Krishnan S. Synthesis and characterization of gadolinium-decorated [60]fullerene for tumor imaging and radiation sensitization. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:1129-1139. [PMID: 33428854 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1872814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The excellent contrast of high atomic number (Z) elements compared to soft tissues has advanced their use as contrast agents for computed tomographic imaging and as potential radiation sensitizers. We evaluated whether gadolinium (Gd) could serve as such a theranostic agent for high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) due to its paramagnetic properties and radiosensitization due to its high Z. MATERIALS AND METHODS To improve the relaxivity of Gd, we coupled it to [60]fullerene, an elemental carbon allotropic nanoparticle that seamlessly traverses physiological barriers . By adding serinol, an aliphatic alcohol derived from amino acid serine, we turned [60]fullerene, which is otherwise insoluble in water, into a highly water-soluble derivative and decorated it externally with a payload of chelated gadolinium ions. RESULTS When [60]fullerene was functionalized in this manner with two gadolinium ions (Gd2C60), it displayed considerably higher T1 relaxivity at 4.7 T than the commercially used MRI contrast agent, Magnevist, (18.2 mM-1s-1 vs. 4.7 mM-1s-1). Attempts to increase this even further via decoration of [60]fullerene with 12 gadolinium ions was unsuccessful due to a poor water solubility. However, the current formulation of Gd2C60 did not result in any appreciable radiosensitization. CONCLUSION Our results show a successful generation of a novel contrast agent via decoration of fullerene with two chelated Gd ions. Though this formulation was not successful in generating radiosensitization, other chemical modifications can be further explored to increase radiosensitization potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Byung-Kyu Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Department of Therapeutics and Pharmacology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center-UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuri Mackeyev
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Subhiksha Raghuram
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sang Hyun Cho
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sunil Krishnan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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15
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Liu Y, Huang J, Feng X, Li H. Thermal-Sprayed Photocatalytic Coatings for Biocidal Applications: A Review. JOURNAL OF THERMAL SPRAY TECHNOLOGY 2020; 30:1-24. [PMID: 38624582 PMCID: PMC7640575 DOI: 10.1007/s11666-020-01118-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
There have been ever-growing demands for disinfection of water and air in recent years. Efficient, eco-friendly, and cost-effective methods of disinfection for pathogens are vital to the health of human beings. The photocatalysis route has attracted worldwide attention due to its highly efficient oxidative capabilities and sustainable recycling, which can be used to realize the disinfection purposes without secondary pollution. Though many studies have comprehensively reviewed the work about photocatalytic disinfection, including design and fabrication of photocatalytic coatings, inactivation mechanisms, or practical applications, systematic reviews about the disinfection photocatalysis coatings from fabrication to effort for practical use are still rare. Among different ways of fabricating photocatalytic materials, thermal spray is a versatile surface coating technique and competitive in constructing large-scale functional coatings, which is a most promising way for the future environmental purification, biomedical and life health applications. In this review, we briefly introduced various photocatalytic materials and corresponding inactivation mechanisms for virus, bacteria and fungus. We summarized the thermal-sprayed photocatalysts and their antimicrobial performances. Finally, we discussed the future perspectives of the photocatalytic disinfection coatings for potential applications. This review would shed light on the development and implementation of sustainable disinfection strategies that is applicable for extensive use for controlling pathogens in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201 China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201 China
| | - Jing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201 China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201 China
| | - Xiaohua Feng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201 China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201 China
| | - Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201 China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201 China
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16
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Serda M, Szewczyk G, Krzysztyńska-Kuleta O, Korzuch J, Dulski M, Musioł R, Sarna T. Developing [60]Fullerene Nanomaterials for Better Photodynamic Treatment of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:5930-5940. [PMID: 33320587 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the U.S.A. and Europe. Its subtype, squamous skin carcinoma (SCC), if allowed to grow, has the potential to metastasize and can become deadly. Currently, carbon nanomaterials are being developed to treat cancer due to their attractive physicochemical and biological properties such as an enhanced permeability effect and their ability to produce reactive oxygen species. Here, we describe the synthesis of two water-soluble aminofullerenes (MonoaminoC60 and HexakisaminoC60), which were evaluated as novel [60]fullerene based photosentizers exhibiting anticancer properties. Moreover, the previously described neutral glycofullerene GF1 and its peracetylated lipophilic precursor MMS48 were compared with the aminofullerenes for their ability to generate reactive oxygen species and oxidize lipids. Remarkably, the generation of singlet oxygen and a superoxide radical by HexakisaminoC60 was found to be markedly elevated in the presence of bovine serum albumin and NADH, respectively. Mechanistic studies of lipid peroxidation using cholesterol as a unique reporter molecule revealed that although all four fullerene nanomaterials primarily generated singlet oxygen, superoxide anion was also formed, which suggest a mixed mechanism of action (in which Type I and Type II photochemistry is involved). The [60]fullerene derivative HexakisaminoC60 was also studied for its phototoxicity in squamous skin cancer cell line (A431) using the MTT test and propidium iodide staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Serda
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice 40-007, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Szewczyk
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Olga Krzysztyńska-Kuleta
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Julia Korzuch
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice 40-007, Poland
| | - Mateusz Dulski
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, Chorzów 41-500, Poland.,Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Robert Musioł
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice 40-007, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Sarna
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków 30-387, Poland
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Innocenzi P, Stagi L. Carbon-based antiviral nanomaterials: graphene, C-dots, and fullerenes. A perspective. Chem Sci 2020; 11:6606-6622. [PMID: 33033592 PMCID: PMC7499860 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02658a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The appearance of new and lethal viruses and their potential threat urgently requires innovative antiviral systems. In addition to the most common and proven pharmacological methods, nanomaterials can represent alternative resources to fight viruses at different stages of infection, by selective action or in a broad spectrum. A fundamental requirement is non-toxicity. However, biocompatible nanomaterials have very often little or no antiviral activity, preventing their practical use. Carbon-based nanomaterials have displayed encouraging results and can present the required mix of biocompatibility and antiviral properties. In the present review, the main candidates for future carbon nanometric antiviral systems, namely graphene, carbon dots and fullerenes, have been critically analysed. In general, different carbon nanostructures allow several strategies to be applied. Some of the materials have peculiar antiviral properties, such as singlet oxygen emission, or the capacity to interfere with virus enzymes. In other cases, nanomaterials have been used as a platform for functional molecules able to capture and inhibit viral activity. The use of carbon-based biocompatible nanomaterials as antivirals is still an almost unexplored field, while the published results show promising prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plinio Innocenzi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Laboratory of Materials Science and Nanotechnology , CR-INSTM , University of Sassari , via Vienna 2 , Sassari , 07100 , Italy . ;
| | - Luigi Stagi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Laboratory of Materials Science and Nanotechnology , CR-INSTM , University of Sassari , via Vienna 2 , Sassari , 07100 , Italy . ;
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Yao S, Yuan X, Jiang L, Xiong T, Zhang J. Recent Progress on Fullerene-Based Materials: Synthesis, Properties, Modifications, and Photocatalytic Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E2924. [PMID: 32629789 PMCID: PMC7372486 DOI: 10.3390/ma13132924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Solar light is an inexpensive energy source making up for energy shortage and solving serious environmental problems. For efficient utilization of solar energy, photocatalytic materials have attracted extensive attention over the last decades. As zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterials, fullerenes (C60, C70, etc.) have been extensively investigated for photocatalytic applications. Due to their unique properties, fullerenes can be used with other semiconductors as photocatalyst enhancers, and also as novel photocatalysts after being dispersed on non-semiconductors. This review summarizes fullerene-based materials (including fullerene/semiconductors and fullerene/non-semiconductors) for photocatalytic applications, such as water splitting, Cr (Ⅵ) reduction, pollutant degradation and bacterial disinfection. Firstly, the optical and electronic properties of fullerene are presented. Then, recent advances in the synthesis and photocatalytic mechanisms of fullerene-based photocatalysts are summarized. Furthermore, the effective performances of fullerene-based photocatalysts are discussed, mainly concerning photocatalytic H2 generation and pollutant removal. Finally, the current challenges and prospects of fullerene-based photocatalysts are proposed. It is expected that this review could bring a better understanding of fullerene-based photocatalysts for water treatment and environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Yao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (S.Y.); (T.X.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xingzhong Yuan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (S.Y.); (T.X.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Longbo Jiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (S.Y.); (T.X.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Ting Xiong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (S.Y.); (T.X.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; (S.Y.); (T.X.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
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19
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Inactivation of Escherichia coli and MS2 coliphage via singlet oxygen generated by homogeneous photosensitization. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-019-0353-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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Wiehe A, O'Brien JM, Senge MO. Trends and targets in antiviral phototherapy. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:2565-2612. [PMID: 31397467 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00211a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a well-established treatment option in the treatment of certain cancerous and pre-cancerous lesions. Though best-known for its application in tumor therapy, historically the photodynamic effect was first demonstrated against bacteria at the beginning of the 20th century. Today, in light of spreading antibiotic resistance and the rise of new infections, this photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of microbes, such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses, is gaining considerable attention. This review focuses on the PDI of viruses as an alternative treatment in antiviral therapy, but also as a means of viral decontamination, covering mainly the literature of the last decade. The PDI of viruses shares the general action mechanism of photodynamic applications: the irradiation of a dye with light and the subsequent generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are the effective phototoxic agents damaging virus targets by reacting with viral nucleic acids, lipids and proteins. Interestingly, a light-independent antiviral activity has also been found for some of these dyes. This review covers the compound classes employed in the PDI of viruses and their various areas of use. In the medical area, currently two fields stand out in which the PDI of viruses has found broader application: the purification of blood products and the treatment of human papilloma virus manifestations. However, the PDI of viruses has also found interest in such diverse areas as water and surface decontamination, and biosafety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arno Wiehe
- biolitec research GmbH, Otto-Schott-Str. 15, 07745 Jena, Germany. and Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jessica M O'Brien
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - Mathias O Senge
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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21
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Kim HE, Lee HJ, Kim MS, Kim T, Lee H, Kim HH, Cho M, Hong SW, Lee C. Differential Microbicidal Effects of Bimetallic Iron-Copper Nanoparticles on Escherichia coli and MS2 Coliphage. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:2679-2687. [PMID: 30698421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b06077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Bimetallic iron-copper nanoparticles (Fe/Cu-NPs) were synthesized by a single-pot surfactant-free method in aqueous solution [via the reduction of ferrous ion to zerovalent iron nanoparticles (Fe-NPs) and the subsequent copper-coating by metal ion exchange]. The produced Fe/Cu-NPs formed aggregates of spherical nanoparticles (approximately 30-70 nm) of Fe-Cu core-shell structures with 11 wt % copper content. The microbicidal effects of Fe/Cu-NPs were explored on Escherichia coli and MS2 coliphage, surrogates for bacterial and viral pathogens, respectively. Fe/Cu-NPs exhibited synergistically enhanced activity for the inactivation of E. coli and MS2, compared to single-metal nanoparticles (i.e., Fe-NPs and Cu-NPs). Various experiments (microbial inactivation tests under different conditions, fluorescence staining assays, experiments using ELISA and qRT-PCR, etc.) suggested that Fe/Cu-NPs inactivate E. coli and MS2 via dual microbicidal mechanisms. Two biocidal copper species [Cu(I) and Cu(III)] can be generated by different redox reactions of Fe/Cu-NPs. It is suggested that E. coli is strongly influenced by the cytotoxicity of Cu(I), while MS2 is inactivated mainly due to the oxidative damages of protein capsid and RNA by Cu(III).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Eun Kim
- Center for Water Resource Cycle Research, KIST School , Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu , Seoul 02792 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering , McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West , Hamilton , Ontario Canada
| | - Min Sik Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process (ICP) , Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Taewan Kim
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hongshin Lee
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Hyeon Kim
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Min Cho
- Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environmental and Bioscience , Chonbuk National University , 79 Gobong-ro , Iksan 54596 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Won Hong
- Center for Water Resource Cycle Research, KIST School , Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu , Seoul 02792 , Republic of Korea
| | - Changha Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process (ICP) , Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
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22
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Dhandole LK, Seo YS, Kim SG, Kim A, Cho M, Jang JS. A mechanism study on the photocatalytic inactivation ofSalmonella typhimuriumbacteria by CuxO loaded rhodium–antimony co-doped TiO2nanorods. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:1092-1100. [DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00460a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A detailed photocatalytic inactivation mechanism forS. typhimurium, using a CuxO/Rh–Sb–TiO2NR was studied under visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Love Kumar Dhandole
- Division of Biotechnology
- Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience
- College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences
- Chonbuk National University
- Iksan
| | - Young-Seok Seo
- Division of Biotechnology
- Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience
- College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences
- Chonbuk National University
- Iksan
| | - Su-Gyeong Kim
- Division of Biotechnology
- Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience
- College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences
- Chonbuk National University
- Iksan
| | - Aerin Kim
- Division of Biotechnology
- Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience
- College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences
- Chonbuk National University
- Iksan
| | - Min Cho
- Division of Biotechnology
- Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience
- College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences
- Chonbuk National University
- Iksan
| | - Jum Suk Jang
- Division of Biotechnology
- Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience
- College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences
- Chonbuk National University
- Iksan
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Majiya H, Adeyemi OO, Herod M, Stonehouse NJ, Millner P. Photodynamic inactivation of non-enveloped RNA viruses. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 189:87-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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24
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Ryberg EC, Chu C, Kim JH. Edible Dye-Enhanced Solar Disinfection with Safety Indication. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:13361-13369. [PMID: 30411884 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The rural developing world faces disproportional inequity in drinking water access, where point-of-use water treatment technologies often fail to achieve adequate levels of pathogen removal, especially for viruses. Solar disinfection (SODIS) is practiced because of its universal applicability and low implementation cost, though the excessively long treatment time and lack of safety indication hinder wider implementation. This study presents an enhanced SODIS scheme that utilizes erythrosine-a common food dye-as a photosensitizer to produce singlet oxygen for virus inactivation and to indicate the completion of water disinfection through photobleaching color change. Experimental results and predictions based on global solar irradiance data suggest that over 99.99% inactivation could be achieved within 5 min in the majority of developing countries, reducing the time for SODIS by 2 orders of magnitude. Preserving the low cost of traditional SODIS, erythrosine embodies edible dye-enhanced SODIS, an efficient water disinfection method that could potentially be used by governments and non-governmental organizations to improve drinking water quality in rural developing communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C Ryberg
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment (NEWT) , Yale University , 17 Hillhouse Ave. , New Haven , Connecticut 06511 , United States
| | - Chiheng Chu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment (NEWT) , Yale University , 17 Hillhouse Ave. , New Haven , Connecticut 06511 , United States
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment (NEWT) , Yale University , 17 Hillhouse Ave. , New Haven , Connecticut 06511 , United States
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Nelson KL, Boehm AB, Davies-Colley RJ, Dodd MC, Kohn T, Linden KG, Liu Y, Maraccini PA, McNeill K, Mitch WA, Nguyen TH, Parker KM, Rodriguez RA, Sassoubre LM, Silverman AI, Wigginton KR, Zepp RG. Sunlight-mediated inactivation of health-relevant microorganisms in water: a review of mechanisms and modeling approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2018; 20:1089-1122. [PMID: 30047962 PMCID: PMC7064263 DOI: 10.1039/c8em00047f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Health-relevant microorganisms present in natural surface waters and engineered treatment systems that are exposed to sunlight can be inactivated by a complex set of interacting mechanisms. The net impact of sunlight depends on the solar spectral irradiance, the susceptibility of the specific microorganism to each mechanism, and the water quality; inactivation rates can vary by orders of magnitude depending on the organism and environmental conditions. Natural organic matter (NOM) has a large influence, as it can attenuate radiation and thus decrease inactivation by endogenous mechanisms. Simultaneously NOM sensitizes the formation of reactive intermediates that can damage microorganisms via exogenous mechanisms. To accurately predict inactivation and design engineered systems that enhance solar inactivation, it is necessary to model these processes, although some details are not yet sufficiently well understood. In this critical review, we summarize the photo-physics, -chemistry, and -biology that underpin sunlight-mediated inactivation, as well as the targets of damage and cellular responses to sunlight exposure. Viruses that are not susceptible to exogenous inactivation are only inactivated if UVB wavelengths (280-320 nm) are present, such as in very clear, open waters or in containers that are transparent to UVB. Bacteria are susceptible to slightly longer wavelengths. Some viruses and bacteria (especially Gram-positive) are susceptible to exogenous inactivation, which can be initiated by visible as well as UV wavelengths. We review approaches to model sunlight-mediated inactivation and illustrate how the environmental conditions can dramatically shift the inactivation rate of organisms. The implications of this mechanistic understanding of solar inactivation are discussed for a range of applications, including recreational water quality, natural treatment systems, solar disinfection of drinking water (SODIS), and enhanced inactivation via the use of sensitizers and photocatalysts. Finally, priorities for future research are identified that will further our understanding of the key role that sunlight disinfection plays in natural systems and the potential to enhance this process in engineered systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara L Nelson
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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Photocatalytic inactivation of human adenovirus 40: Effect of dissolved organic matter and prefiltration. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Majiya H, Adeyemi OO, Stonehouse NJ, Millner P. Photodynamic inactivation of bacteriophage MS2: The A-protein is the target of virus inactivation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 178:404-411. [PMID: 29197270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen mediated oxidation has been shown to be responsible for photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of viruses in solution with photosensitisers such as 5, 10, 15, 20-tetrakis (1-methyl-4-pyridinio) porphyrin tetra p-toluenesulfonate (TMPyP). The capsids of non-enveloped viruses, such as bacteriophage MS2, are possible targets for viral inactivation by singlet oxygen oxidation. Within the capsid (predominantly composed of coat protein), the A-protein acts as the host recognition and attachment protein. The A-protein has two domains; an α-helix domain and a β-sheet domain. The α-helix domain is attached to the viral RNA genome inside the capsid while the β-sheet domain, which is on the surface of the capsid, is believed to be the site for attachment to the host bacteria pilus during infection. In this study, 4 sequence-specific antibodies were raised against 4 sites on the A-protein. Changes induced by the oxidation of singlet oxygen were compared to the rate of PDI of the virus. Using these antibodies, our results suggest that the rate of PDI is relative to loss of antigenicity of two sites on the A-protein. Our data further showed that PDI caused aggregation of MS2 particles and crosslinking of MS2 coat protein. However, these inter- and intra-capsid changes did not correlate to the rate of PDI we observed in MS2. Possible modes of action are discussed as a means to gaining insight to the targets and mechanisms of PDI of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paul Millner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, UK.
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Dhandole LK, Mahadik MA, Kim SG, Chung HS, Seo YS, Cho M, Ryu JH, Jang JS. Boosting Photocatalytic Performance of Inactive Rutile TiO 2 Nanorods under Solar Light Irradiation: Synergistic Effect of Acid Treatment and Metal Oxide Co-catalysts. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:23602-23613. [PMID: 28665115 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b02104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, we accomplish the boosting of photocatalytic performance by the synergistic effect of acid treatment and transition metal oxide co-catalysts on molten salt rutile TiO2 nanorods. FT-IR and XPS (oxygen deconvolution) results confirmed that the amount of hydroxyl groups increased on the surface of rutile TiO2 nanorods (TO-NRs) after acid treatment. HR-TEM analysis revealed fine dispersion of metal oxide on the surface of acid treated TiO2 nanorods (ATO-NRs). The photocatalytic activities of as-prepared (TO-NRs), acid treated (ATO-NRs), metal oxide loaded (MTO-NRs), and both acid treated and metal oxide loaded (MATO-NRs) nanorods were compared based on the rate kinetics and dye degradation efficiencies. Cobalt oxide (1 wt %) loaded and 1.0 M acid treated TiO2 nanorods (Co/ATO-NR) exhibited the higher photocatalytic degradation efficiency for Orange-II dye degradation and inactivation of S. typhimurium pathogen compared to other photocatalysts under solar irradiation. Photoelectrochemical analysis demonstrated that the charge transfer process in Co/ATO-NR is significantly higher than that in the untreated samples. The improved photocatalytic activity of inactive TO-NRs might be due to enhanced charge transfer of finely dispersed metal oxides on the OH-rich surface of acid treated TiO2 nanorods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Love Kumar Dhandole
- Division of Biotechnology, Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University , Iksan, 54596, Korea
| | - Mahadeo A Mahadik
- Division of Biotechnology, Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University , Iksan, 54596, Korea
| | - Su-Gyeong Kim
- Division of Biotechnology, Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University , Iksan, 54596, Korea
| | - Hee-Suk Chung
- Analytical Research Division, Korea Basic Science Institute , Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54907, South Korea
| | - Young-Seok Seo
- Division of Biotechnology, Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University , Iksan, 54596, Korea
| | - Min Cho
- Division of Biotechnology, Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University , Iksan, 54596, Korea
| | - Jung Ho Ryu
- Mineral Resources Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources , Daejeon, 34132, Korea
| | - Jum Suk Jang
- Division of Biotechnology, Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University , Iksan, 54596, Korea
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Syngouna VI, Chrysikopoulos CV. Inactivation of MS2 bacteriophage by titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the presence of quartz sand with and without ambient light. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 497:117-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Hou WC, Huang SH. Photochemical reactivity of aqueous fullerene clusters: C 60 versus C 70. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 322:310-317. [PMID: 27344404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few years, there has been a strong interest in exploring the potential impact of fullerenes in the environment. Despite that both C60 and C70 have been detected in environmental matrices, the research on the impact of higher fullerenes, such as C70, has been largely missing. This study evaluated and compared the phototransformation of aqueous C60 and C70 clusters (nC60 and nC70) and their 1O2 production under sunlight and lamp light irradiation (315nm, 360nm and 420nm). The nC60 and nC70 samples formed by direct mixing with water adopted a face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure. The apparent quantum yields (AQYs) of fullerene phototransformed were relatively constant over the examined wavelengths, while 1O2 production AQYs decreased with increased wavelengths. The long-term fate studies with outdoor sunlight indicated that both nC60 and nC70 lost considerable organic carbon contents (>80%) in water after ∼8 months of irradiation and that the intermediate photoproducts of nC60 and nC70 exhibited a progressively increased level of oxygen-containing functionalities. Overall, the study indicates that nC70 can be photochemically removed under sunlight conditions and that the photoreactivity of nC60 based on AQYs is greater than that of nC70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Che Hou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Hong Huang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 70101, Taiwan
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Li Y, Zhang C, Shuai D, Naraginti S, Wang D, Zhang W. Visible-light-driven photocatalytic inactivation of MS2 by metal-free g-C 3N 4: Virucidal performance and mechanism. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 106:249-258. [PMID: 27728819 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The challenge to achieve effective water disinfection of pathogens, especially viruses, with minimized harmful disinfection byproducts calls for a cost-effective and environmentally benign technology. Here, polymeric graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), as a metal-free robust photocatalyst, was explored for the first time for its ability to inactivate viruses under visible light irradiation. MS2 with an initial concentration of 1 × 108 PFU/mL was completely inactivated by g-C3N4 with a loading of 150 mg/L under visible light irradiation of 360 min. g-C3N4 was a robust photocatalyst, and no decrease in its virucidal performance was observed over five cycles of sequential MS2 photocatalytic inactivation. The reactive oxygen species (ROSs) were measured by a range of scavengers, and photo-generated electrons and its derived ROSs (O- 2) were found to be the leading contributor for viral inactivation. TEM images indicated that the viral particle shape was distorted and the capsid shell was ruptured after photocatalysis. Viral surface proteins, particularly replicase proteins and maturation proteins, were damaged by photocatalytic oxidation. The loss of proteins would result in the leakage and rapid destruction of interior components (four main types of RNA genes), finally leading to viral death without regrowth. Our work opens a new avenue for the exploration and applications of a low-cost, high-efficient, and robust metal-free photocatalyst for green/sustainable viral disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development of Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Xikang Road #1, Nanjing, 210098, PR China.
| | - Chi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development of Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Xikang Road #1, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Danmeng Shuai
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The George Washington University, 800 22nd St NW Suite 3530, Science and Engineering Hall, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Saraschandra Naraginti
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development of Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Xikang Road #1, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development of Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Xikang Road #1, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development of Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Xikang Road #1, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
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Shim J, Seo YS, Oh BT, Cho M. Microbial inactivation kinetics and mechanisms of carbon-doped TiO2 (C-TiO2) under visible light. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 306:133-139. [PMID: 26705890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, titanium dioxide nanoparticles doped with carbon (C-TiO2) were synthesized by means of sol-gel methods, and the synthesis was verified by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The nanoparticles' photocatalytic disinfection activity of Listeria monocytogenes was tested under UV and visible light. The observed inactivation levels for 150min of visible light exposure with and without UV cutoff filters were 2.10 and 2.45 log, respectively. We also found that traditional reactive oxygen species had insignificant actions on C-TiO2 photocatalysts and that L. monocytogenes inactivation in the C-TiO2 system under visible light was induced in large part by the midgap states (hmid(+)) that was produced photochemically from the visible light response. C-TiO2 was found to accelerate bacterial inactivation (of L. monocytogenes) in the presence of visible light. Our data suggests that the C-TiO2 may be useful in the development of alternative disinfectants for environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehong Shim
- Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-752, South Korea; School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0817, USA
| | - Young-Seok Seo
- Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-752, South Korea
| | - Byung-Taek Oh
- Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-752, South Korea
| | - Min Cho
- Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-752, South Korea.
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Bokare AD, Choi W. Singlet-Oxygen Generation in Alkaline Periodate Solution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:14392-400. [PMID: 26594871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A nonphotochemical generation of singlet oxygen ((1)O2) using potassium periodate (KIO4) in alkaline condition (pH > 8) was investigated for selective oxidation of aqueous organic pollutants. The generation of (1)O2 was initiated by the spontaneous reaction between IO4(-) and hydroxyl ions, along with a stoichiometric conversion of IO4(-) to iodate (IO3(-)). The reactivity of in-situ-generated (1)O2 was monitored by using furfuryl alcohol (FFA) as a model substrate. The formation of (1)O2 in the KIO4/KOH system was experimentally confirmed using electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements in corroboration with quenching studies using azide as a selective (1)O2 scavenger. The reaction in the KIO4/KOH solution in both oxic and anoxic conditions initiated the generation of superoxide ion as a precursor of the singlet oxygen (confirmed by using superoxide scavengers), and the presence of molecular oxygen was not required as a precursor of (1)O2. Although hydrogen peroxide had no direct influence on the FFA oxidation process, the presence of natural organic matter, such as humic and fulvic acids, enhanced the oxidation efficiency. Using the oxidation of simple organic diols as model compounds, the enhanced (1)O2 formation is attributed to periodate-mediated oxidation of vicinal hydroxyl groups present in humic and fulvic constituent moieties. The efficient and simple generation of (1)O2 using the KIO4/KOH system without any light irradiation can be employed for the selective oxidation of aqueous organic compounds under neutral and near-alkaline conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok D Bokare
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Wonyong Choi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang 790-784, Korea
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Moor KJ, Valle DC, Li C, Kim JH. Improving the Visible Light Photoactivity of Supported Fullerene Photocatalysts through the Use of [C₇₀] Fullerene. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:6190-7. [PMID: 25950200 DOI: 10.1021/es505888d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We herein present the first instance of employing [C₇₀] fullerene for photocatalytic ¹O₂ production in water, through covalent immobilization onto a mesoporous silica support via nucelophilic amine addition directly to fullerene's cage. This attachment approach prevents the aggregation of individual fullerene molecules in water, thus allowing fullerene to retain its photoactivity, yet is much less complex than other techniques commonly pursued to create such supported-fullerene materials, which typically rely on water-soluble fullerene derivatives and elaborate immobilization methods. The solid-supported C₇₀ material exhibits significantly improved aqueous visible-light photoactivity compared to previous C₆₀- and C₆₀-derivative-based supported fullerene materials. Further, this material rapidly inactivates MS2 bacteriophage under sunlight illumination, oxidizes various organic contaminants, and does not appear to be significantly fouled by natural organic matter (NOM), highlighting the potential of these materials in real-world applications. Collectively, the ease of preparation and significantly enhanced visible-light photoactivity of these materials advance fullerene-based technologies for water treatment.
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Snow SD, Lee J, Kim JH. Photochemical and photophysical properties of sequentially functionalized fullerenes in the aqueous phase. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:13227-13234. [PMID: 23151050 DOI: 10.1021/es303237v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The vast range of C₆₀ derivatives makes it difficult to assess the potential environmental impact of this class of materials, while past environmental studies mostly focused only on pristine C₆₀. Central to derivatized C₆₀'s potential to negatively impact (micro)biological receptors upon unintended release is its unique property of mediating the transfer of light energy to ambient oxygen, producing ¹O₂. To initiate the process of establishing a thorough understanding of the photoinduced adverse biological effects of functionalized fullerenes and their aqueous dispersions, the photochemical properties relevant to ¹O₂ production were evaluated using three selected series of mono-, bis-, and tris-adducted fullerene materials. Differential ¹O₂ production of derivatives in toluene were explained by spectral variations under visible and UVA light conditions. Of the nine functionalities studied only aggregates of two positively charged derivatives showed significant photoactivity under experimental conditions. Laser flash photolysis revealed a triplet excited state in the photoactive aggregates with a sufficiently long lifetime to be quenched by ³O₂. Dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and electron diffraction patterns revealed aggregates with sizes typical of aqueous C₆₀ colloids that varied in crystallinity based on functionality. Results raised questions about our current understanding of the photoactivity of fullerene aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D Snow
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
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Bartusik D, Aebisher D, Lyons A, Greer A. Bacterial inactivation by a singlet oxygen bubbler: identifying factors controlling the toxicity of (1)O2 bubbles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:12098-12104. [PMID: 23075418 PMCID: PMC3812664 DOI: 10.1021/es303645n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A microphotoreactor device was developed to generate bubbles (1.4 mm diameter, 90 μL) containing singlet oxygen at levels toxic to bacteria and fungus. As singlet oxygen decays rapidly to triplet oxygen, the bubbles leave behind no waste or byproducts other than O(2). From a comparative study in deaerated, air saturated, and oxygenated solutions, it was reasoned that the singlet oxygen bubbles inactivate Escherichia coli and Aspergillus fumigatus, mainly by an oxygen gradient inside and outside of the bubble such that singlet oxygen is solvated and diffuses through the aqueous solution until it reacts with the target organism. Thus, singlet oxygen bubble toxicity was inversely proportional to the amount of dissolved oxygen in solution. In a second mechanism, singlet oxygen interacts directly with E. coli that accumulate at the gas-liquid interface although this mechanism operates at a rate approximately 10 times slower. Due to encapsulation in the gaseous core of the bubble and a 0.98 ms lifetime, the bubbles can traverse relatively long 0.39 mm distances carrying (1)O(2) far into the solution; by comparison the diffusion distance of (1)O(2) fully solvated in H(2)O is much shorter (~150 nm). Bubbles that reached the outer air-water interface contained no (1)O(2). The mechanism by which (1)O(2) deactivated organisms was explored through the addition of detergent molecules and Ca(2+) ions. Results indicate that the preferential accumulation of E. coli at the air-water interface of the bubble leads to enhanced toxicity of bubbles containing (1)O(2). The singlet oxygen device offers intriguing possibilities for creating new types of disinfection strategies based on photodynamic ((1)O(2)) bubble carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Bartusik
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
| | - David Aebisher
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
| | - Alan Lyons
- Department of Chemistry, College of Staten Island, City University of New York, Staten Island, New York 10314, United States
| | - Alexander Greer
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
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Lhotáková Y, Plíštil L, Morávková A, Kubát P, Lang K, Forstová J, Mosinger J. Virucidal nanofiber textiles based on photosensitized production of singlet oxygen. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49226. [PMID: 23139839 PMCID: PMC3490908 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel biomaterials based on hydrophilic polycaprolactone and polyurethane (Tecophilic®) nanofibers with an encapsulated 5,10,5,20-tetraphenylporphyrin photosensitizer were prepared by electrospinning. The doped nanofiber textiles efficiently photo-generate O2(1Δg), which oxidize external chemical and biological substrates/targets. Strong photo-virucidal effects toward non-enveloped polyomaviruses and enveloped baculoviruses were observed on the surface of these textiles. The photo-virucidal effect was confirmed by a decrease in virus infectivity. In contrast, no virucidal effect was detected in the absence of light and/or the encapsulated photosensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yveta Lhotáková
- Faculty of Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Plíštil
- Faculty of Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Elmarco s.r.o., Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Morávková
- Faculty of Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kubát
- J.Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Lang
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, v.v.i, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Forstová
- Faculty of Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail: (JF); (JM)
| | - Jiří Mosinger
- Faculty of Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, v.v.i, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Řež, Czech Republic
- * E-mail: (JF); (JM)
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Badireddy AR, Budarz JF, Chellam S, Wiesner MR. Bacteriophage inactivation by UV-A illuminated fullerenes: role of nanoparticle-virus association and biological targets. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:5963-5970. [PMID: 22545948 DOI: 10.1021/es300340u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Inactivation rates of the MS2 bacteriophage and (1)O(2) generation rates by four different photosensitized aqueous fullerene suspensions were in the same order: aqu-nC(60) < C(60)(OH)(6) ≈ C(60)(OH)(24) < C(60)(NH(2))(6). Alterations to capsid protein secondary structures and protein oxidation were inferred by detecting changes in infrared vibrational frequencies and carbonyl groups respectively. MS2 inactivation appears to be the result of loss of capsid structural integrity (localized deformation) and the reduced ability to eject genomic RNA into its bacterial host. Evidence is also presented for possible capsid rupture in MS2 exposed to UV-A illuminated C(60)(NH(2))(6) through TEM imagery and detection of RNA infrared fingerprints in ATR-FTIR spectra. Fullerene-virus mixtures were also directly visualized in the aqueous phase using a novel enhanced darkfield transmission optical microscope fitted with a hyperspectral imaging (HSI) spectrometer. Perturbations in intermolecular extended chains, HSI, and electrostatic interactions suggest that inactivation is a function of the relative proximity between nanoparticles and viruses and (1)O(2) generation rate. MS2 log survival ratios were linearly related to CT (product of (1)O(2) concentration C and exposure time T) demonstrating the applicability of classical Chick-Watson kinetics for all fullerenes employed in this study. Results suggest that antiviral properties of fullerenes can be increased by adjusting the type of surface functionalization and extent of cage derivatization thereby increasing the (1)O(2) generation rate and facilitating closer association with biological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Appala Raju Badireddy
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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Lee J, Hong S, Mackeyev Y, Lee C, Chung E, Wilson LJ, Kim JH, Alvarez PJJ. Photosensitized oxidation of emerging organic pollutants by tetrakis C₆₀ aminofullerene-derivatized silica under visible light irradiation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:10598-10604. [PMID: 22054355 DOI: 10.1021/es2029944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We recently reported that C(60) aminofullerenes immobilized on silica support (aminoC(60)/silica) efficiently produce singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)) and inactivate virus and bacteria under visible light irradiation. (1) We herein evaluate this new photocatalyst for oxidative degradation of 11 emerging organic contaminants, including pharmaceuticals such as acetaminophen, carbamazepine, cimetidine, propranolol, ranitidine, sulfisoxazole, and trimethoprim, and endocrine disruptors such as bisphenol A and pentachlorophenol. Tetrakis aminoC(60)/silica degraded pharmaceuticals under visible light irradiation faster than common semiconductor photocatalysts such as platinized WO(3) and carbon-doped TiO(2). Furthermore, aminoC(60)/silica exhibited high target-specificity without significant interference by natural organic matter. AminoC(60)/silica was more efficient than unsupported (water-suspended) C(60) aminofullerene. This was attributed to kinetically enhanced (1)O(2) production after immobilization, which reduces agglomeration of the photocatalyst, and to adsorption of pharmaceuticals onto the silica support, which increases exposure to (1)O(2) near photocatalytic sites. Removal efficiency increased with pH for contaminants with a phenolic moiety, such as bisphenol A and acetaminophen, because the electron-rich phenolates that form at alkaline pH are more vulnerable to singlet oxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaesang Lee
- Water Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Korea
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Cho M, Snow SD, Hughes JB, Kim JH. Escherichia coli Inactivation by UVC-Irradiated C60: kinetics and mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:9627-9633. [PMID: 21999435 DOI: 10.1021/es202269r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by recent studies that documented changes in fullerene toxicity after chemical transformation, C(60) aggregates (nC(60)) were subject to UVC irradiation at monochromatic 254 nm and subsequently evaluated for antibacterial and bactericidal properties against Escherichia coli. The nC(60) treated with UVC irradiation, referred to herein as UVC-irradiated C(60), did not directly inhibit bacterial growth at concentrations up to 20 mg/L. In the presence of UVA and visible light, however, UVC-irradiated C(60) rapidly inactivated E. coli, suggesting that photochemical production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was involved. The use of ROS scavengers and probes determined that hydroxyl radicals were the primary ROS responsible for the E. coli inactivation. Results from protein release, lipid peroxidation, cell permeability, and intracellular enzyme assays suggest that the inactivation mechanism involves UVC-irradiated C(60) diffusing through E. coli cell membrane and producing hydroxyl radicals within the cell. Further study on water-soluble C(60) derivatives and possible transformative processes is, therefore, recommended based on the environmental implications of results presented herein that nC(60) exposed to UVC irradiation is more toxic than parent nC(60).
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Cho
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 200 Bobby Dodd Way, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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Han SK, Hwang TM, Yoon Y, Kang JW. Evidence of singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radical formation in aqueous goethite suspension using spin-trapping electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 84:1095-101. [PMID: 21561642 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Revised: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The generation of reactive species in an aqueous goethite suspension, under room light and aeration conditions, was investigated using the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique employing spin trap agents. The trap reagents, including 5,5-dimethylpyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (TEMP), were used for the detection of OH radicals (OH·) and singlet oxygen (1O2), respectively. On the addition of DMPO to the goethite suspended solution, a DMPO-OH adduct was formed, which was not decreased, even in the presence of the OH· scavenger, mannitol. This result implied a false positive interpretation from the DMPO-OH EPR signal. In the presence of TEMP reagent, a TEMP-O signal was detected, which was completely inhibited in the presence of the singlet oxygen scavenger, sodium azide. With both DMPO-OH and TEMP-O radicals in the presence and absence of radical scavengers, singlet oxygen was observed to be the key species formed in the room-light sensitized goethite suspension. In the goethite/H2O2 system; however, both OH· and singlet oxygen were generated, with significant portions of DMPO-OH resulting from both OH· and singlet oxygen. In fact, the DMPO-OH resulting from OH· should be carefully calculated by correcting for the amount of DMPO-OH due to singlet oxygen. This study reports, for the first time, that the goethite suspensions may also act as a natural sensitizer, such as fulvic acids, to form singlet oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Kuk Han
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, Mokpo National Maritime University, 91 Haeyangdaehag-ro, Mokpo, Jeollanam-do 530-729, Republic of Korea
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Lee J, Mackeyev Y, Cho M, Wilson LJ, Kim JH, Alvarez PJJ. C60 aminofullerene immobilized on silica as a visible-light-activated photocatalyst. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:9488-95. [PMID: 21077614 DOI: 10.1021/es1028475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A new strategy is described to immobilize photoactive C(60) aminofullerene on silica gel (3-(2-succinic anhydride)propyl functionalized silica), thus enabling facile separation of the photocatalyst for recycling and repeated use. An organic linker moiety containing an amide group was used to anchor C(60) aminofullerene to the functionalized silica support. The linker moiety prevents aqueous C(60) aggregation/agglomeration (shown by TEM images), resulting in a remarkable enhancement of photochemical (1)O(2) production under visible light irradiation. With no loss in efficacy of (1)O(2) production plus insignificant chemical modification of the aminoC(60)/silica photocatalyst after multiple cycling, the system offers a promising new visible-light-activated photocatalyst. Under visible-light irradiation, the aminoC(60)/silica photocatalyst is capable of effective and kinetically enhanced oxidation of Ranitidine and Cimetidine (pharmaceutical pollutants) and inactivation of MS-2 bacteriophage compared to aqueous solutions of the C(60) aminofullerene alone. Thus, this photocatalyst could enable water treatment in less developed areas by alleviating dependence on major infrastructure, including the need for electricity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaesang Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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