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Chen M, Chen Y, Zhang Q. Assessing global carbon sequestration and bioenergy potential from microalgae cultivation on marginal lands leveraging machine learning. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174462. [PMID: 38992374 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
This comprehensive study unveils the vast global potential of microalgae as a sustainable bioenergy source, focusing on the utilization of marginal lands and employing advanced machine learning techniques to predict biomass productivity. By identifying approximately 7.37 million square kilometers of marginal lands suitable for microalgae cultivation, this research uncovers the extensive potential of these underutilized areas, particularly within equatorial and low-latitude regions, for microalgae bioenergy development. This approach mitigates the competition for food resources and conserves freshwater supplies. Utilizing cutting-edge machine learning algorithms based on robust datasets from global microalgae cultivation experiments spanning 1994 to 2017, this study integrates essential environmental variables to map out a detailed projection of potential yields across a variety of landscapes. The analysis further delineates the bioenergy and carbon sequestration potential across two effective cultivation methods: Photobioreactors (PBRs), and Open Ponds, with PBRs showcasing exceptional productivity, with a global average daily biomass productivity of 142.81mgL-1d-1, followed by Open Ponds at 122.57mgL-1d-1. Projections based on optimal PBR conditions suggest an annual yield of 99.54 gigatons of microalgae biomass. This yield can be transformed into 64.70 gigatons of biodiesel, equivalent to 58.68 gigatons of traditional diesel, while sequestering 182.16 gigatons of CO2, equating to approximately 4.5 times the global CO2 emissions projected for 2023. Notably, Australia leads in microalgae biomass production, with an annual output of 16.19 gigatons, followed by significant contributions from Kazakhstan, Sudan, Brazil, the United States, and China, showcasing the diverse global potential for microalgae bioenergy across varying ecological and geographical landscapes. Through this rigorous investigation, the study emphasizes the strategic importance of microalgae cultivation in achieving sustainable energy solutions and mitigating climate change, while also acknowledging the scalability challenges and the necessity for significant economic and energy investments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Chen
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, MA, 02138 Cambridge, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA 02139 Cambridge, USA
| | - Yixuan Chen
- Hydrological Bureau of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510145, China
| | - Qingtao Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Marine Civil Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University (Zhuhai Campus), Zhuhai 519082, China.
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2
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Blanc-Betes E, Gomez-Casanovas N, Hartman MD, Hudiburg TW, Khanna M, Parton WJ, DeLucia EH. Climate vs Energy Security: Quantifying the Trade-offs of BECCS Deployment and Overcoming Opportunity Costs on Set-Aside Land. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:19732-19748. [PMID: 37934080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) sits at the nexus of the climate and energy security. We evaluated trade-offs between scenarios that support climate stabilization (negative emissions and net climate benefit) or energy security (ethanol production). Our spatially explicit model indicates that the foregone climate benefit from abandoned cropland (opportunity cost) increased carbon emissions per unit of energy produced by 14-36%, making geologic carbon capture and storage necessary to achieve negative emissions from any given energy crop. The toll of opportunity costs on the climate benefit of BECCS from set-aside land was offset through the spatial allocation of crops based on their individual biophysical constraints. Dedicated energy crops consistently outperformed mixed grasslands. We estimate that BECCS allocation to land enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) could capture up to 9 Tg C year-1 from the atmosphere, deliver up to 16 Tg CE year-1 in emissions savings, and meet up to 10% of the US energy statutory targets, but contributions varied substantially as the priority shifted from climate stabilization to energy provision. Our results indicate a significant potential to integrate energy security targets into sustainable pathways to climate stabilization but underpin the trade-offs of divergent policy-driven agendas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Blanc-Betes
- Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Nuria Gomez-Casanovas
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center, Texas A&M University, Vernon, Texas 76384, United States
- Rangeland, Wildlife & Fisheries Management Department, Texas A&M University, Vernon, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Melannie D Hartman
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Institute for Advancing Health Through Agriculture, Texas A&M University, Vernon, Texas 77845, United States
| | - Tara W Hudiburg
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Madhu Khanna
- Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Forest, Rangeland and Fire Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844, United States
| | - William J Parton
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Institute for Advancing Health Through Agriculture, Texas A&M University, Vernon, Texas 77845, United States
| | - Evan H DeLucia
- Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Leverhulme Centre for Climate Change Mitigation, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, U.K
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Wang R, Cai W, Yu L, Li W, Zhu L, Cao B, Li J, Shen J, Zhang S, Nie Y, Wang C. A high spatial resolution dataset of China's biomass resource potential. Sci Data 2023; 10:384. [PMID: 37322090 PMCID: PMC10272228 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02227-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessing biomass resource potential is essential for China's ambitious goals of carbon neutrality, rural revitalization, and poverty eradication. To fill the data gap of high spatial resolution biomass resources in China, this study estimates the biomass resource potential for all types of lignocellulosic biomass feedstock at 1 km resolution in 2018, including 9 types of agricultural residues, 11 types of forestry residues, and 5 types of energy crops. By combining the statistical accounting method and the GIS-based method, this study develops a transparent and comprehensive assessment framework, which is in accordance with the principle of food security, forest land and pasture protection, and biodiversity protection. In the end, we organize and store the data in different formats (GeoTIFF, NetCDF, and Excel) for GIS users, integrated modelers, and policymakers. The reliability of this high spatial resolution dataset has been proved by comparing the aggregated data at the subnational and national levels with the existing literature. This dataset has numerous potential uses and is a crucial input to many bioenergy-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Earth System Science, Institute for Global Change Studies, Ministry of Education Ecological Field Station for East Asian Migratory Birds, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wenjia Cai
- Department of Earth System Science, Institute for Global Change Studies, Ministry of Education Ecological Field Station for East Asian Migratory Birds, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Le Yu
- Department of Earth System Science, Institute for Global Change Studies, Ministry of Education Ecological Field Station for East Asian Migratory Birds, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Earth System Science, Institute for Global Change Studies, Ministry of Education Ecological Field Station for East Asian Migratory Birds, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Earth System Science, Institute for Global Change Studies, Ministry of Education Ecological Field Station for East Asian Migratory Birds, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bowen Cao
- Department of Earth System Science, Institute for Global Change Studies, Ministry of Education Ecological Field Station for East Asian Migratory Birds, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jianxiang Shen
- Department of Earth System Science, Institute for Global Change Studies, Ministry of Education Ecological Field Station for East Asian Migratory Birds, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shihui Zhang
- Department of Earth System Science, Institute for Global Change Studies, Ministry of Education Ecological Field Station for East Asian Migratory Birds, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yaoyu Nie
- PBC School of Finance, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Beijing E-Hualu Information Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100043, China
| | - Can Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Tu M, Du C, Yu B, Wang G, Deng Y, Wang Y, Chen M, Chang J, Yang G, He G, Xiong Z, Li Y. Current advances in the molecular regulation of abiotic stress tolerance in sorghum via transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic approaches. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1147328. [PMID: 37235010 PMCID: PMC10206308 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1147328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), a monocot C4 crop, is an important staple crop for many countries in arid and semi-arid regions worldwide. Because sorghum has outstanding tolerance and adaptability to a variety of abiotic stresses, including drought, salt, and alkaline, and heavy metal stressors, it is valuable research material for better understanding the molecular mechanisms of stress tolerance in crops and for mining new genes for their genetic improvement of abiotic stress tolerance. Here, we compile recent progress achieved using physiological, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome approaches; discuss the similarities and differences in how sorghum responds to differing stresses; and summarize the candidate genes involved in the process of responding to and regulating abiotic stresses. More importantly, we exemplify the differences between combined stresses and a single stress, emphasizing the necessity to strengthen future studies regarding the molecular responses and mechanisms of combined abiotic stresses, which has greater practical significance for food security. Our review lays a foundation for future functional studies of stress-tolerance-related genes and provides new insights into the molecular breeding of stress-tolerant sorghum genotypes, as well as listing a catalog of candidate genes for improving the stress tolerance for other key monocot crops, such as maize, rice, and sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Tu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Canghao Du
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Boju Yu
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoli Wang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanbin Deng
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuesheng Wang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingjie Chen
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junli Chang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangxiao Yang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangyuan He
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiyong Xiong
- Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biology (Inner Mongolia University), Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Yin Li
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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5
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Wang J, Ciais P, Gasser T, Chang J, Tian H, Zhao Z, Zhu L, Li Z, Li W. Temperature Changes Induced by Biogeochemical and Biophysical Effects of Bioenergy Crop Cultivation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:2474-2483. [PMID: 36723918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The production of bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) is a pivotal negative emission technology. The cultivation of dedicated crops for BECCS impacts the temperature through two processes: net CO2 removal (CDR) from the atmosphere (biogeochemical cooling) and changes in the local energy balance (biophysical warming or cooling). Here, we compare the magnitude of these two processes for key grass and tree species envisioned for large-scale bioenergy crop cultivation, following economically plausible scenarios using Earth System Models. By the end of this century, the cumulative CDR from the cultivation of eucalypt (72-112 Pg C) is larger than that of switchgrass (34-83 Pg C) because of contrasting contributions of land use change carbon emissions. The combined biogeochemical and biophysical effects are cooling (-0.26 to -0.04 °C) at the global scale, but 13-28% of land areas still have net warming signals, mainly due to the spatial heterogeneity of the biophysical effects. Our study shows that the deployment of bioenergy crop cultivation should not only be guided by the principles of maximizing yield and CDR but should also take an integrated perspective that includes all relevant Earth system feedbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmeng Wang
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
- Ministry of Education Ecological Field Station for East Asian Migratory Birds, Beijing100084, China
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette91191, France
| | - Thomas Gasser
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg2361, Austria
| | - Jinfeng Chang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Hanqin Tian
- Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts02467, United States
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
- Ministry of Education Ecological Field Station for East Asian Migratory Birds, Beijing100084, China
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6
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Edrisi SA, Bundela AK, Verma V, Dubey PK, Abhilash PC. Assessing the impact of global initiatives on current and future land restoration scenarios in India. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114413. [PMID: 36206925 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Land degradation across the world has resulted in an unprecedented decline of ecosystem services, affecting the livelihood of 3.2 billion people globally. Sustainable land management is essential to protect our finite land resources from over-exploitation and degradation. Therefore, the present article was aimed to analyze the impacts of various national and international policies on current and future land restoration scenarios in India. A spatially explicit model (CLUMondo) was employed to predict scenarios, i.e., the 'business as usual' (BU) and 'sustainable restoration' (SR) by 2030. Though the results showed an increasing trend in land degradation , i.e., from 44.28 to 49.74 Mha during the period of 2005-15, a slight decrease was observed in 2019 (49.24 Mha), suggesting a net increase of 11.21% during the 2005-19 period. However, an increase in forest cover by 5.08% under existing policy targets overtook the degradation rate by restoration initiatives. The net decline in degraded land area by 1% with an increased forest cover by 1.83% observed during the 2015-19 periods reflected the positive impact of various national and global policies on existing restoration ventures in India. Our modeled results (weighted AUC = 0.87) also suggested an increase in forest cover by 6.9% and 9.9% under BU and SR scenarios, respectively. Under the BU scenario, degraded land will be restored up to 12.1 Mha; however, 6.27 Mha of these lands will be converted to cropland for food production. Importantly, a decrease in grasslands by 35.1% under the BU scenario warrants the urgency to maintain the integrity of such ecological systems. However, the SR scenario showed an increase in grasslands by 8.9%, with an overall restoration of degraded land up to 18.31 Mha. Moreover, a reduced cropland expansion rate of 1% suggested an effective land management response. While our results may have some uncertainties due to the model limitations, they can still be used for framing suitable land management policies to facilitate sustainable land restoration programs in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Adil Edrisi
- Thapar School of Liberal Arts & Sciences, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, 147004, Punjab, India
| | - Amit Kumar Bundela
- Institute of Environment & Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Verma
- Thapar School of Liberal Arts & Sciences, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, 147004, Punjab, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Dubey
- Institute of Environment & Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Xu S, Wang R, Gasser T, Ciais P, Peñuelas J, Balkanski Y, Boucher O, Janssens IA, Sardans J, Clark JH, Cao J, Xing X, Chen J, Wang L, Tang X, Zhang R. Delayed use of bioenergy crops might threaten climate and food security. Nature 2022; 609:299-306. [PMID: 36071193 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The potential of mitigation actions to limit global warming within 2 °C (ref. 1) might rely on the abundant supply of biomass for large-scale bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) that is assumed to scale up markedly in the future2-5. However, the detrimental effects of climate change on crop yields may reduce the capacity of BECCS and threaten food security6-8, thus creating an unrecognized positive feedback loop on global warming. We quantified the strength of this feedback by implementing the responses of crop yields to increases in growing-season temperature, atmospheric CO2 concentration and intensity of nitrogen (N) fertilization in a compact Earth system model9. Exceeding a threshold of climate change would cause transformative changes in social-ecological systems by jeopardizing climate stability and threatening food security. If global mitigation alongside large-scale BECCS is delayed to 2060 when global warming exceeds about 2.5 °C, then the yields of agricultural residues for BECCS would be too low to meet the Paris goal of 2 °C by 2200. This risk of failure is amplified by the sustained demand for food, leading to an expansion of cropland or intensification of N fertilization to compensate for climate-induced yield losses. Our findings thereby reinforce the urgency of early mitigation, preferably by 2040, to avoid irreversible climate change and serious food crises unless other negative-emission technologies become available in the near future to compensate for the reduced capacity of BECCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqing Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP³), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP³), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Atmosphere-Ocean Interaction, Shanghai, China. .,MOE Laboratory for National Development and Intelligent Governance, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai, China.
| | - Thomas Gasser
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Climate and Atmosphere Research Center (CARE-C), The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain.,CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Yves Balkanski
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Olivier Boucher
- Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, Sorbonne Université/CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain.,CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - James H Clark
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP³), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, York, UK
| | - Junji Cao
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofan Xing
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP³), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP³), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP³), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Tang
- IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renhe Zhang
- IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Atmosphere-Ocean Interaction, Shanghai, China.,MOE Laboratory for National Development and Intelligent Governance, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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8
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Schneider JM, Zabel F, Mauser W. Global inventory of suitable, cultivable and available cropland under different scenarios and policies. Sci Data 2022; 9:527. [PMID: 36030257 PMCID: PMC9420104 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01632-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Where land-use change and particularly the expansion of cropland could potentially take place in the future is a central research question to investigate emerging trade-offs between food security, climate protection and biodiversity conservation. We provide consistent global datasets of land potentially suitable, cultivable and available for agricultural use for historic and future time periods from 1980 until 2100 under RCP2.6 and RCP8.5, available at 30 arc-seconds spatial resolution and aggregated at country level. Based on the agricultural suitability of land for 23 globally important food, feed, fiber and bioenergy crops, and high resolution land cover data, our dataset indicates where cultivation is possible and how much land could potentially be used as cropland when biophysical constraints and different assumptions on land-use regulations are taken into account. By serving as an input for land-use models, the produced data could improve the comparability of the models and their output, and thereby contribute to a better understanding of potential land-use trade-offs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Schneider
- Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Florian Zabel
- Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfram Mauser
- Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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9
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Afrane S, Ampah JD, Aboagye EM. Investigating evolutionary trends and characteristics of renewable energy research in Africa: a bibliometric analysis from 1999 to 2021. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:59328-59362. [PMID: 35386081 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20125-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Several countries across the African continent have been challenged with energy crises for decades. A growing number of studies have identified renewable energy as a sustainable way for Africa to address its persisting energy situation while combating climate change, as the continent has in abundance some of the common renewable energy resources. Little has been reported in the body of literature to quantitatively and qualitatively map the knowledge domain of this growing research field. In the current study, we conduct a bibliometric analysis on research documents extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection to identify trends and characteristics of the knowledge domain related to renewable energy in Africa from 1999 to 2021. Using two different software (VOSviewer and ITgInsight), we report the contribution of journals, countries, institutions, and authors and their collaboration patterns. We also perform co-citation and keyword analysis to identify the intellectual base and central themes of this research field. The results from the study revealed a growing interest in Africa's renewable energy, with about 90% of the total publication from within the last decade. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews was identified as the most productive as well as the most influential journal in this field. The most contributing countries in this field were South Africa, USA, and Algeria. Centre de Developpement Des Energies Renouvelables, a research institute in Algeria, emerged as the most productive and influential institution. The analysis of research hotspots under different categories revealed that "solar energy," "CO2 emissions," and "rural electrification" are the topics that have gained maximum attention over the years. Keyword evolution analysis also identified "economic growth" and "green hydrogen production" as emerging topics that will play a major role in future studies. We conclude our work by providing specific suggestions and strategies to help bridge the gap which exists in the quantity and quality of renewable energy research between Africa and the rest of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandylove Afrane
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jeffrey Dankwa Ampah
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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10
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Yang P, Piao X, Cai X. Water Availability for Biorefineries in the Contiguous United States and the Implications for Bioenergy Production Distribution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:3748-3757. [PMID: 35191678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Renewable biofuel production depends on many factors, including feedstock availability, refinery and shipment infrastructure, and in particular, water availability. This study assesses water requirement and availability for mainstream biorefinery technologies in the contiguous United States (CONUS). The assessment is conducted in newly defined spatial units, namely, biorefinery planning boundaries, considering feedstock availability, transportation cost, and refinery capacity requirement for cost-effectiveness. The results suggest that the total biorefinery water use in the CONUS by 2030 will be low compared to the total water availability. However, biorefinery water requirements can aggravate the water stress situation in many regions, including the Great Plains, California Central Valley, and the upper Columbia-Snake River basin in Washington. Bioenergy productions in these regions can be largely constrained by water. It is projected that biofuel production will concentrate in Northern Plains, Lake States, and Corn Belt regions, which contribute 94.4% of the conventional, 86.1% of biodiesel, and 54.8% of cellulosic biofuel production mandated by the renewable fuel standard. If biorefineries are constrained to use less than 10% of the locally available water, up to 7% of planned cellulosic biofuel production will be affected. Findings from this study can aid the sustainable planning of national bioenergy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Yang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ximin Piao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ximing Cai
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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11
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MIKHAYLOV ALEXEY. Efficiency of renewable energy plants in Russia. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20191226. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220191226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- ALEXEY MIKHAYLOV
- Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Russia
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12
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Global cooling induced by biophysical effects of bioenergy crop cultivation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7255. [PMID: 34903764 PMCID: PMC8668960 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27520-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioenergy crop with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) is a key negative emission technology to meet carbon neutrality. However, the biophysical effects of widespread bioenergy crop cultivation on temperature remain unclear. Here, using a coupled atmosphere-land model with an explicit representation of lignocellulosic bioenergy crops, we find that after 50 years of large-scale bioenergy crop cultivation following plausible scenarios, global air temperature decreases by 0.03~0.08 °C, with strong regional contrasts and interannual variability. Over the cultivated regions, woody crops induce stronger cooling effects than herbaceous crops due to larger evapotranspiration rates and smaller aerodynamic resistance. At the continental scale, air temperature changes are not linearly proportional to the cultivation area. Sensitivity tests show that the temperature change is robust for eucalypt but more uncertain for switchgrass among different cultivation maps. Our study calls for new metrics to take the biophysical effects into account when assessing the climate mitigation capacity of BECCS. Bioenergy crops has been proposed as a climate mitigation measure, but how the biophysical effects of large-scale cultivation would influence the climate is not well known. Here, the authors use models to show that large-scale cultivation could cool the global land by 0.03 to 0.08 °C.
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13
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Mosier S, Córdova SC, Robertson GP. Restoring Soil Fertility on Degraded Lands to Meet Food, Fuel, and Climate Security Needs via Perennialization. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.706142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A continuously growing pressure to increase food, fiber, and fuel production to meet worldwide demand and achieve zero hunger has put severe pressure on soil resources. Abandoned, degraded, and marginal lands with significant agricultural constraints—many still used for agricultural production—result from inappropriately intensive management, insufficient attention to soil conservation, and climate change. Continued use for agricultural production will often require ever more external inputs such as fertilizers and herbicides, further exacerbating soil degradation and impeding nutrient recycling and retention. Growing evidence suggests that degraded lands have a large potential for restoration, perhaps most effectively via perennial cropping systems that can simultaneously provide additional ecosystem services. Here we synthesize the advantages of and potentials for using perennial vegetation to restore soil fertility on degraded croplands, by summarizing the principal mechanisms underpinning soil carbon stabilization and nitrogen and phosphorus availability and retention. We illustrate restoration potentials with example systems that deliver climate mitigation (cellulosic bioenergy), animal production (intensive rotational grazing), and biodiversity conservation (natural ecological succession). Perennialization has substantial promise for restoring fertility to degraded croplands, helping to meet future food security needs.
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14
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Valente A, Tulus V, Galán-Martín Á, Huijbregts MAJ, Guillén-Gosálbez G. The role of hydrogen in heavy transport to operate within planetary boundaries. SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & FUELS 2021; 5:4637-4649. [PMID: 34589613 PMCID: PMC8439148 DOI: 10.1039/d1se00790d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Green hydrogen, i.e., produced from renewable resources, is attracting attention as an alternative fuel for the future of heavy road transport and long-distance driving. However, the benefits linked to zero pollution at the usage stage can be overturned when considering the upstream processes linked to the raw materials and energy requirements. To better understand the global environmental implications of fuelling heavy transport with hydrogen, we quantified the environmental impacts over the full life cycle of hydrogen use in the context of the Planetary Boundaries (PBs). The scenarios assessed cover hydrogen from biomass gasification (with and without carbon capture and storage [CCS]) and electrolysis powered by wind, solar, bioenergy with CCS, nuclear, and grid electricity. Our results show that the current diesel-based-heavy transport sector is unsustainable due to the transgression of the climate change-related PBs (exceeding standalone by two times the global climate-change budget). Hydrogen-fuelled heavy transport would reduce the global pressure on the climate change-related PBs helping the transport sector to stay within the safe operating space (i.e., below one-third of the global ecological budget in all the scenarios analysed). However, the best scenarios in terms of climate change, which are biomass-based, would shift burdens to the biosphere integrity and nitrogen flow PBs. In contrast, burden shifting in the electrolytic scenarios would be negligible, with hydrogen from wind electricity emerging as an appealing technology despite attaining higher carbon emissions than the biomass routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Valente
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich 8093 - Zurich Switzerland
| | - Victor Tulus
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich 8093 - Zurich Switzerland
| | - Ángel Galán-Martín
- Department of Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Universidad de Jaén Campus Las Lagunillas s/n 23071 Jaén Spain
- Center for Advanced Studies in Earth Sciences, Energy and Environment. Universidad de Jaén Campus Las Lagunillas s/n 23071 Jaén Spain
| | - Mark A J Huijbregts
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Gonzalo Guillén-Gosálbez
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich 8093 - Zurich Switzerland
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15
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Edrisi SA, Abhilash PC. Need of transdisciplinary research for accelerating land restoration during the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Adil Edrisi
- Thapar School of Liberal Arts & Sciences Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology Patiala 147004 Punjab India
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16
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Li W, Ciais P, Han M, Zhao Q, Chang J, Goll DS, Zhu L, Wang J. Bioenergy Crops for Low Warming Targets Require Half of the Present Agricultural Fertilizer Use. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:10654-10661. [PMID: 34288664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) is a key option for removing CO2 from the atmosphere over time to achieve climate mitigation. However, an overlooked impact of BECCS is the amount of nutrients required to sustain the production. Here, we use an observation-driven approach to estimate the future bioenergy biomass production for land-use scenarios maximizing BECCS and the pertaining nutrient requirements. The projected global biomass production during the 21st century is comparable to the CO2 removal target for 2 °C warming scenarios. However, 9-19% of this future production hinges on agrotechnology improvement, which remains uncertain. Additional nutrients from fertilizers, corresponding to 56.8 ± 6.1% of the present-day agricultural fertilizer, will be needed to replenish the nutrients removed in harvested biomass at the end of the century, resulting in additional costs and greenhouse gas emissions. Our study reveals the nutrient challenges associated with BECCS and calls for additional management efforts to grow bioenergy crops in a sustainable way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Ministry of Education Ecological Field Station for East Asian Migratory Birds, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif Sur Yvette 91191, France
| | - Mengjie Han
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering Institute of Applied Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering Institute of Applied Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jinfeng Chang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Daniel S Goll
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif Sur Yvette 91191, France
| | - Lei Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jingmeng Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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17
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Jiang C, Guan K, Khanna M, Chen L, Peng J. Assessing Marginal Land Availability Based on Land Use Change Information in the Contiguous United States. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:10794-10804. [PMID: 34297551 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of marginal land for growing dedicated bioenergy crops for second-generation biofuels is appealing to avoid conflicts with food production. This study develops a novel framework to quantify marginal land for the Contiguous United States (CONUS) based on a history of satellite-observed land use change (LUC) over the 2008-2015 period. Frequent LUC between crop and noncrop is assumed to be an indicator of economically marginal land; this land is also likely to have a lower opportunity cost of conversion from food crop to bioenergy crop production. We first present an approach to identify cropland in transition using the time series of Cropland Data Layer (CDL) land cover product and determine the amount of land that can be considered marginal with a high degree of confidence vs with uncertainty across the CONUS. We find that the biophysical characteristics of this land and its productivity and environmental vulnerability vary across the land and lie in between that of permanent cropland and permanent natural vegetation/bare areas; this land also has relatively low intrinsic value and agricultural profit but a high financial burden and economic risk. We find that the total area of marginal land with confidence vs with uncertainty is 10.2 and 58.4 million hectares, respectively, and mainly located along the 100th meridian. Only a portion of this marginal land (1.4-2.2 million hectares with confidence and 14.8-19.4 million hectares with uncertainty) is in the rainfed region and not in crop production and, thus, suitable for producing energy crops without diverting land from food crops in 2016. These estimates are much smaller than the estimates obtained by previous studies, which consider all biophysically low-quality land to be marginal without considering economical marginality. The estimate of marginal land for bioenergy crops obtained in this study is an indicator of the availability of economically marginal land that is suitable for bioenergy crop production; whether this land is actually converted to bioenergy crops will depend on the market conditions. We note the inability to conduct field-level validation of cropland in transition and leave it to future advances in technology to ground-truth land use change and its relationship to economically marginal land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongya Jiang
- Agroecosystem Sustainability Center, Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Kaiyu Guan
- Agroecosystem Sustainability Center, Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- National Center of Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Madhu Khanna
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Agriculture and Consumer Economics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Luoye Chen
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Agriculture and Consumer Economics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jian Peng
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- National Center of Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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18
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da Costa RMF, Winters A, Hauck B, Martín D, Bosch M, Simister R, Gomez LD, Batista de Carvalho LAE, Canhoto JM. Biorefining Potential of Wild-Grown Arundo donax, Cortaderia selloana and Phragmites australis and the Feasibility of White-Rot Fungi-Mediated Pretreatments. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:679966. [PMID: 34276732 PMCID: PMC8283202 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.679966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Arundo donax, Cortaderia selloana and Phragmites australis are high-biomass-producing perennial Poalean species that grow abundantly and spontaneously in warm temperate regions, such as in Mediterranean-type climates, like those of Southern Europe, Western United States coastal areas, or in regions of South America, South Africa and Australia. Given their vigorous and spontaneous growth, biomass from the studied grasses often accumulates excessively in unmanaged agro-forestry areas. Nonetheless, this also creates the demand and opportunity for the valorisation of these biomass sources, particularly their cell wall polymers, for biorefining applications. By contrast, a related crop, Miscanthus × giganteus, is a perennial grass that has been extensively studied for lignocellulosic biomass production, as it can grow on low-input agricultural systems in colder climates. In this study Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) and lignin content determinations were used for a comparative compositional characterisation of A. donax, C. selloana and P. australis harvested from the wild, in relation to a trial field-grown M. × giganteus high-yielding genotype. A high-throughput saccharification assay showed relatively high sugar release values from the wild-grown grasses, even with a 0.1M NaOH mild alkali pretreatment. In addition to this alkaline pretreatment, biomass was treated with white-rot fungi (WRF), which preferentially degrade lignin more readily than holocellulose. Three fungal species were used: Ganoderma lucidum, Pleurotus ostreatus and Trametes versicolor. Our results showed that neutral sugar contents are not significantly altered, while some lignin is lost during the pretreatments. Furthermore, sugar release upon enzymatic saccharification was enhanced, and this was dependent on the plant biomass and fungal species used in the treatment. To maximise the potential for lignocellulose valorisation, the liquid fractions from the pretreatments were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography - photodiode array detection - electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS n ). This study is one of the first to report on the composition of WRF-treated grass biomass, while assessing the potential relevance of breakdown products released during the treatments, beyond more traditional sugar-for-energy applications. Ultimately, we expect that our data will help promote the valorisation of unused biomass resources, create economic value, while contributing to the implementation of sustainable biorefining systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo M. F. da Costa
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Molecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Winters
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Hauck
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Martín
- Molecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maurice Bosch
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael Simister
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Leonardo D. Gomez
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jorge M. Canhoto
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Hao H, Li Z, Leng C, Lu C, Luo H, Liu Y, Wu X, Liu Z, Shang L, Jing HC. Sorghum breeding in the genomic era: opportunities and challenges. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:1899-1924. [PMID: 33655424 PMCID: PMC7924314 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03789-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The importance and potential of the multi-purpose crop sorghum in global food security have not yet been fully exploited, and the integration of the state-of-art genomics and high-throughput technologies into breeding practice is required. Sorghum, a historically vital staple food source and currently the fifth most important major cereal, is emerging as a crop with diverse end-uses as food, feed, fuel and forage and a model for functional genetics and genomics of tropical grasses. Rapid development in high-throughput experimental and data processing technologies has significantly speeded up sorghum genomic researches in the past few years. The genomes of three sorghum lines are available, thousands of genetic stocks accessible and various genetic populations, including NAM, MAGIC, and mutagenised populations released. Functional and comparative genomics have elucidated key genetic loci and genes controlling agronomical and adaptive traits. However, the knowledge gained has far away from being translated into real breeding practices. We argue that the way forward is to take a genome-based approach for tailored designing of sorghum as a multi-functional crop combining excellent agricultural traits for various end uses. In this review, we update the new concepts and innovation systems in crop breeding and summarise recent advances in sorghum genomic researches, especially the genome-wide dissection of variations in genes and alleles for agronomically important traits. Future directions and opportunities for sorghum breeding are highlighted to stimulate discussion amongst sorghum academic and industrial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiqing Hao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Zhigang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Chuanyuan Leng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yuanming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Zhiquan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Li Shang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Hai-Chun Jing
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- Engineering Laboratory for Grass-based Livestock Husbandry, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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20
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Assessing Potential Bioenergy Production on Urban Marginal Land in 20 Major Cities of China by the Use of Multi-View High-Resolution Remote Sensing Data. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13137291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
For the purpose of bioenergy production, biomass cropping on marginal land is an appropriate method. Less consideration has been given to estimating the marginal land in cities at a fine spatial resolution, especially in China. Marginal land within cities has great potential for bioenergy production. Therefore, in this research, the urban marginal land of 20 representative cities of China was estimated by using detailed land-cover and 3D building morphology information derived from Ziyuan-3 high-resolution remote sensing imagery, and ancillary geographical data, including land use, soil type, and digital elevation model data. We then classified the urban marginal land into “vacant land” and “land between buildings”, and further revealed its landscape patterns. Our results showed that: (1) the suitable marginal land area ranged from 17.78 ± 1.66 km2 to 353.48 ± 54.19 km2 among the 20 cities; (2) it was estimated that bioethanol production on marginal land could amount to 0.005–0.13 mT, corresponding to bioenergy of 2.1 × 1013–4.0 × 1014 J for one city; (3) from the landscape viewpoint, the marginal landscape pattern tended to be more fragmented in more developed cities. Our results will help urban planners to reclaim unused urban land and develop distributed bioenergy projects at the city scale.
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21
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Xing X, Wang R, Bauer N, Ciais P, Cao J, Chen J, Tang X, Wang L, Yang X, Boucher O, Goll D, Peñuelas J, Janssens IA, Balkanski Y, Clark J, Ma J, Pan B, Zhang S, Ye X, Wang Y, Li Q, Luo G, Shen G, Li W, Yang Y, Xu S. Spatially explicit analysis identifies significant potential for bioenergy with carbon capture and storage in China. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3159. [PMID: 34039971 PMCID: PMC8154910 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23282-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
As China ramped-up coal power capacities rapidly while CO2 emissions need to decline, these capacities would turn into stranded assets. To deal with this risk, a promising option is to retrofit these capacities to co-fire with biomass and eventually upgrade to CCS operation (BECCS), but the feasibility is debated with respect to negative impacts on broader sustainability issues. Here we present a data-rich spatially explicit approach to estimate the marginal cost curve for decarbonizing the power sector in China with BECCS. We identify a potential of 222 GW of power capacities in 2836 counties generated by co-firing 0.9 Gt of biomass from the same county, with half being agricultural residues. Our spatially explicit method helps to reduce uncertainty in the economic costs and emissions of BECCS, identify the best opportunities for bioenergy and show the limitations by logistical challenges to achieve carbon neutrality in the power sector with large-scale BECCS in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Xing
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health (WECEIPHE), Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Center for Urban Eco-Planning and Design, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Big Data Institute for Carbon Emission and Environmental Pollution, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China.
| | - Nico Bauer
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Climate and Atmosphere Research Center (CARE-C) The Cyprus Institute 20 Konstantinou Kavafi Street, 2121, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Junji Cao
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health (WECEIPHE), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health (WECEIPHE), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Olivier Boucher
- Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, Sorbonne Université/CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Goll
- Lehrstuhl für Physische Geographie mit Schwerpunkt Klimaforschung, Universität Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Yves Balkanski
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - James Clark
- Department of Chemistry, Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, The University of York, York, UK
| | - Jianmin Ma
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Pan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingnan Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yutao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yechen Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siqing Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Sylvester J, Valencia J, Verchot LV, Chirinda N, Romero Sanchez MA, Quintero M, Castro-Nunez A. A rapid approach for informing the prioritization of degraded agricultural lands for ecological recovery: A case study for Colombia. J Nat Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2020.125921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
The greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the marine sector were around 2.6% of world GHG emissions in 2015 and are expected to increase 50%–250% to 2050 under a “business as usual” scenario, making the decarbonization of this fossil fuel-intensive sector an urgent priority. Biofuels, which come in various forms, are one of the most promising options to replace existing marine fuels for accomplishing this in the short to medium term. Some unique challenges, however, impede biofuels penetration in the shipping sector, including the low cost of the existing fuels, the extensive present-day refueling infrastructure, and the exclusion of the sector from the Paris climate agreement. To address this, it is necessary to first identify those biofuels best suited for deployment as marine fuel. In this work, the long list of possible biofuel candidates has been narrowed down to four high-potential options—bio-methanol, bio-dimethyl ether, bio-liquefied natural gas, and bio-oil. These options are further evaluated based on six criteria—cost, potential availability, present technology status, GHG mitigation potential, infrastructure compatibility, and carbon capture and storage (CCS) compatibility—via both an extensive literature review and stakeholder discussions. These four candidates turn out to be relatively evenly matched overall, but each possesses certain strengths and shortcomings that could favor that fuel under specific circumstances, such as if compatibility with existing shipping infrastructure or with CCS deployment become pivotal requirements. Furthermore, we pay particular attention to the possibility of integrating deployment of these biofuels with CCS to further reduce marine sector emissions. It is shown that this aspect is presently not on the radar of the industry stakeholders but is likely to grow in importance as CCS acceptability increases in the broader green energy sector.
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Zine H, Midhat L, Hakkou R, El Adnani M, Ouhammou A. Guidelines for a phytomanagement plan by the phytostabilization of mining wastes. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Qaseem MF, Wu AM. Balanced Xylan Acetylation is the Key Regulator of Plant Growth and Development, and Cell Wall Structure and for Industrial Utilization. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217875. [PMID: 33114198 PMCID: PMC7660596 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylan is the most abundant hemicellulose, constitutes about 25–35% of the dry biomass of woody and lignified tissues, and occurs up to 50% in some cereal grains. The accurate degree and position of xylan acetylation is necessary for xylan function and for plant growth and development. The post synthetic acetylation of cell wall xylan, mainly regulated by Reduced Wall Acetylation (RWA), Trichome Birefringence-Like (TBL), and Altered Xyloglucan 9 (AXY9) genes, is essential for effective bonding of xylan with cellulose. Recent studies have proven that not only xylan acetylation but also its deacetylation is vital for various plant functions. Thus, the present review focuses on the latest advances in understanding xylan acetylation and deacetylation and explores their effects on plant growth and development. Baseline knowledge about precise regulation of xylan acetylation and deacetylation is pivotal to developing plant biomass better suited for second-generation liquid biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Faisal Qaseem
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ai-Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence:
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26
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Ecosystem-Based Approaches to Bioenergy and the Need for Regenerative Supply Options for Africa. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12208588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Energy supply systems in the tropics and subtropics are marred with considerable negative impacts on ecosystems, for example, forest loss and habitat destruction. This document examines the role of ecosystems in household energy supply in Africa and explores pathways to ecosystem-based approaches to bioenergy generation by building on the regenerative economy concept. An ecosystem-based approach to bioenergy is an energy supply and utilization mechanism aimed at enhancing sustainable management of the sources of ecosystems with minimal trade-offs on/from other sectors directly linked to energy issues. Our analysis revealed that about 87% of energy supply to the population originated from agroecosystems and is challenged by the severe ecosystem degradation happening due to natural and anthropogenic factors. However, ecosystem restoration and effective use of agricultural residues could provide hope for making energy supply sustainable. Our analysis showed that restoring sparsely vegetated areas and degraded forest and savannahs, promotion of agroforestry in degraded agricultural lands, and use of agricultural residues could generate close to 71 billion gigajoules (GJ) of energy and provide sufficient energy for about 2.5 billion people if implemented in all potential areas identified. Ecosystem-based approaches to bioenergy along with a well-balanced involvement of sectors and industry actors coupled with knowledgeable management of the ecosystem could lead to beneficial outcomes for the society and environment.
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27
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Evaluating Cost Trade-Offs between Hydropower and Fish Passage Mitigation. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12208520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To promote the sustainable management of hydropower, decision makers require information about cost trade-offs between the restoration of fish passage and hydropower production. We provide a systematic overview of the construction, operational, monitoring, and power loss costs associated with upstream and downstream fish passage measures in the European context. When comparing the total costs of upstream measures across different electricity price scenarios, nature-like solutions (67–88 EUR/kW) tend to cost less than technical solutions (201–287 EUR/kW) on average. Furthermore, nature-like fish passes incur fewer power losses and provide habitat in addition to facilitating fish passage, which presents a strong argument for supporting their development. When evaluating different cost categories of fish passage measures across different electricity price scenarios, construction (45–87%) accounts for the largest share compared to operation (0–1.2%) and power losses (11–54%). However, under a high electricity price scenario, power losses exceed construction costs for technical fish passes. Finally, there tends to be limited information on operational, power loss, and monitoring costs associated with passage measures. Thus, we recommend that policy makers standardize monitoring and reporting of hydraulic, structural, and biological parameters as well as costs in a more detailed manner.
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Ramakrishna W, Rathore P, Kumari R, Yadav R. Brown gold of marginal soil: Plant growth promoting bacteria to overcome plant abiotic stress for agriculture, biofuels and carbon sequestration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 711:135062. [PMID: 32000336 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Marginal land is defined as land with poor soil characteristics and low crop productivity with no potential for profit. Poor soil quality due to the presence of xenobiotics or climate change is of great concern. Sustainable food production with increasing population is a challenge which becomes more difficult due to poor soil quality. Marginal soil can be made productive with the use of Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria (PGPB). This review outlines how PGPB can be used to improve marginal soil quality and its implications on agriculture, rhizoremediation, abiotic stress (drought, salinity and heavy metals) tolerance, carbon sequestration and production of biofuels. The feasibility of the idea is supported by several studies which showed maximal increase in the growth of plants inoculated with PGPB than to uninoculated plants grown in marginal soil when compared to the growth of plants inoculated with PGPB in healthy soil. The combination of PGPB and plants grown in marginal soil will serve as a green technology leading to the next green revolution, reduction in soil pollution and fossil fuel use, neutralizing abiotic stress and climate change effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wusirika Ramakrishna
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbial Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
| | - Parikshita Rathore
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbial Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Ritu Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbial Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Radheshyam Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbial Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
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Brandon AG, Scheller HV. Engineering of Bioenergy Crops: Dominant Genetic Approaches to Improve Polysaccharide Properties and Composition in Biomass. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:282. [PMID: 32218797 PMCID: PMC7078332 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale, sustainable production of lignocellulosic bioenergy from biomass will depend on a variety of dedicated bioenergy crops. Despite their great genetic diversity, prospective bioenergy crops share many similarities in the polysaccharide composition of their cell walls, and the changes needed to optimize them for conversion are largely universal. Therefore, biomass modification strategies that do not depend on genetic background or require mutant varieties are extremely valuable. Due to their preferential fermentation and conversion by microorganisms downstream, the ideal bioenergy crop should contain a high proportion of C6-sugars in polysaccharides like cellulose, callose, galactan, and mixed-linkage glucans. In addition, the biomass should be reduced in inhibitors of fermentation like pentoses and acetate. Finally, the overall complexity of the plant cell wall should be modified to reduce its recalcitrance to enzymatic deconstruction in ways that do no compromise plant health or come at a yield penalty. This review will focus on progress in the use of a variety of genetically dominant strategies to reach these ideals. Due to the breadth and volume of research in the field of lignin bioengineering, this review will instead focus on approaches to improve polysaccharide component plant biomass. Carbohydrate content can be dramatically increased by transgenic overexpression of enzymes involved in cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis. Additionally, the recalcitrance of the cell wall can be reduced via the overexpression of native or non-native carbohydrate active enzymes like glycosyl hydrolases or carbohydrate esterases. Some research in this area has focused on engineering plants that accumulate cell wall-degrading enzymes that are sequestered to organelles or only active at very high temperatures. The rationale being that, in order to avoid potential negative effects of cell wall modification during plant growth, the enzymes could be activated post-harvest, and post-maturation of the cell wall. A potentially significant limitation of this approach is that at harvest, the cell wall is heavily lignified, making the substrates for these enzymes inaccessible and their activity ineffective. Therefore, this review will only include research employing enzymes that are at least partially active under the ambient conditions of plant growth and cell wall development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G. Brandon
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Feedstocks Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, United States
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Henrik V. Scheller
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Feedstocks Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, United States
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
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Pancaldi F, Trindade LM. Marginal Lands to Grow Novel Bio-Based Crops: A Plant Breeding Perspective. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:227. [PMID: 32194604 PMCID: PMC7062921 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The biomass demand to fuel a growing global bio-based economy is expected to tremendously increase over the next decades, and projections indicate that dedicated biomass crops will satisfy a large portion of it. The establishment of dedicated biomass crops raises huge concerns, as they can subtract land that is required for food production, undermining food security. In this context, perennial biomass crops suitable for cultivation on marginal lands (MALs) raise attraction, as they could supply biomass without competing for land with food supply. While these crops withstand marginal conditions well, their biomass yield and quality do not ensure acceptable economic returns to farmers and cost-effective biomass conversion into bio-based products, claiming genetic improvement. However, this is constrained by the lack of genetic resources for most of these crops. Here we first review the advantages of cultivating novel perennial biomass crops on MALs, highlighting management practices to enhance the environmental and economic sustainability of these agro-systems. Subsequently, we discuss the preeminent breeding targets to improve the yield and quality of the biomass obtainable from these crops, as well as the stability of biomass production under MALs conditions. These targets include crop architecture and phenology, efficiency in the use of resources, lignocellulose composition in relation to bio-based applications, and tolerance to abiotic stresses. For each target trait, we outline optimal ideotypes, discuss the available breeding resources in the context of (orphan) biomass crops, and provide meaningful examples of genetic improvement. Finally, we discuss the available tools to breed novel perennial biomass crops. These comprise conventional breeding methods (recurrent selection and hybridization), molecular techniques to dissect the genetics of complex traits, speed up selection, and perform transgenic modification (genetic mapping, QTL and GWAS analysis, marker-assisted selection, genomic selection, transformation protocols), and novel high-throughput phenotyping platforms. Furthermore, novel tools to transfer genetic knowledge from model to orphan crops (i.e., universal markers) are also conceptualized, with the belief that their development will enhance the efficiency of plant breeding in orphan biomass crops, enabling a sustainable use of MALs for biomass provision.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luisa M. Trindade
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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31
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Phytoremediation and Bioremediation of Pesticide-Contaminated Soil. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10041217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Management and destruction of obsolete pesticides and the remediation of pesticide-contaminated soil are significant global issues with importance in agriculture, environmental health and quality of life. Pesticide use and management have a history of problems because of insufficient knowledge of proper planning, storage, and use. This manuscript reviews recent literature with an emphasis on the management of obsolete pesticides and remediation of pesticide-contaminated soil. The rhizosphere of plants is a zone of active remediation. Plants also take up contaminated water and remove pesticides from soil. The beneficial effects of growing plants in pesticide-contaminated soil include pesticide transformation by both plant and microbial enzymes. This review addresses recent advances in the remediation of pesticide-contaminated soil with an emphasis on processes that are simple and can be applied widely in any country.
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Jia X, Khandelwal A, Carlson K, Gerber JS, West PC, Kumar V. Plantation Mapping in Southeast Asia. Front Big Data 2019; 2:46. [PMID: 33693369 PMCID: PMC7931934 DOI: 10.3389/fdata.2019.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plantation mapping is important for understanding deforestation and climate change. While most existing plantation products are created manually, in this paper we study an ensemble learning based framework for automatically mapping plantations in southern Kalimantan on a yearly scale using remote sensing data. We study the effectiveness of several components in this framework, including class aggregation, data sampling, learning model selection and post-processing, by comparing with multiple baselines. In addition, we analyze the quality of our plantation mapping product by visual examination of high resolution images. We also compare our method to existing manually labeled plantation datasets and show that our method can achieve a better balance of precision (i.e., user's accuracy) and recall (i.e., producer's accuracy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Jia
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Ankush Khandelwal
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Kimberly Carlson
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawai'i Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - James S Gerber
- Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Paul C West
- Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Jin VL, Schmer MR, Stewart CE, Mitchell RB, Williams CO, Wienhold BJ, Varvel GE, Follett RF, Kimble J, Vogel KP. Management controls the net greenhouse gas outcomes of growing bioenergy feedstocks on marginally productive croplands. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav9318. [PMID: 31897423 PMCID: PMC6920018 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav9318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bio-based energy is key to developing a globally sustainable low-carbon economy. Lignocellulosic feedstock production on marginally productive croplands is expected to provide substantial climate mitigation benefits, but long-term field research comparing greenhouse gas (GHG) outcomes during the production of annual versus perennial crop-based feedstocks is lacking. Here, we show that long-term (16 years) switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) systems mitigate GHG emissions during the feedstock production phase compared to GHG-neutral continuous corn (Zea mays L.) under conservation management on marginally productive cropland. Increased soil organic carbon was the major GHG sink in all feedstock systems, but net agronomic GHG outcomes hinged on soil nitrous oxide emissions controlled by nitrogen (N) fertilizer rate. This long-term field study is the first to demonstrate that annual crop and perennial grass systems respectively maintain or mitigate atmospheric GHG contributions during the agronomic phase of bioenergy production, providing flexibility for land-use decisions on marginally productive croplands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia L. Jin
- Agroecosystem Management Research Unit, USDA–Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Marty R. Schmer
- Agroecosystem Management Research Unit, USDA–Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Catherine E. Stewart
- Soil Management and Sugarbeet Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
| | - Robert B. Mitchell
- Wheat, Sorghum, and Forage Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Candiss O. Williams
- National Soil Survey Center, USDA–Natural Resources Conservation Service, Lincoln, NE 68508, USA
| | - Brian J. Wienhold
- Agroecosystem Management Research Unit, USDA–Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Gary E. Varvel
- Agroecosystem Management Research Unit, USDA–Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Ronald F. Follett
- Soil Management and Sugarbeet Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
| | - John Kimble
- National Soil Survey Center, USDA–Natural Resources Conservation Service, Lincoln, NE 68508, USA
| | - Kenneth P. Vogel
- Wheat, Sorghum, and Forage Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
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Stavridou E, Webster RJ, Robson PRH. Novel Miscanthus genotypes selected for different drought tolerance phenotypes show enhanced tolerance across combinations of salinity and drought treatments. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 124:653-674. [PMID: 31665760 PMCID: PMC6821188 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Water deficit and salinity stresses are often experienced by plants concurrently; however, knowledge is limited about the effects of combined salinity and water deficit stress in plants, and especially in C4 bioenergy crops. Here we aim to understand how diverse drought tolerance traits may deliver tolerance to combinations of drought and salinity in C4 crops, and identify key traits that influence the productivity and biomass composition of novel Miscanthus genotypes under such conditions. METHODS Novel genotypes used included M. sinensis and M. floridulus species, pre-screened for different drought responses, plus the commercial accession Miscanthus × giganteus (M×g.). Plants were grown under control treatments, single stress or combinations of water deficit and moderate salinity stress. Morphophysiological responses, including growth, yield, gas exchange and leaf water relations and contents of proline, soluble sugars, ash and lignin were tested for significant genotypic and treatment effects. KEY RESULTS The results indicated that plants subjected to combined stresses showed more severe responses compared with single stresses. All novel drought-tolerant genotypes and M×g. were tolerant to moderate salinity stress. Biomass production in M. sinensis genotypes was more resilient to co-occurring stresses than that in M×g. and M. floridulus, which, despite the yield penalty produced more biomass overall. A stay-green M. sinensis genotype adopted a conservative growth strategy with few significant treatment effects. Proline biosynthesis was species-specific and was triggered by salinity and co-occurring stress treatments, mainly in M. floridulus. The ash content was compartmentalized differently in leaves and stems in the novel genotypes, indicating different mechanisms of ion accumulation. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the potential to select novel drought-tolerant Miscanthus genotypes that are resilient to combinations of stress and is expected to contribute to a deeper fundamental knowledge of different mechanistic responses identified for further exploitation in developing resilient Miscanthus crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Stavridou
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Richard J Webster
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Paul R H Robson
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
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Suthar K, Dwivedi A, Joshipura M. A review on separation and purification techniques for biodiesel production with special emphasis on Jatropha oil as a feedstock. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.2361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krunal Suthar
- Chemical EngineeringNirma University Ahmedabad India
| | - Ankur Dwivedi
- Chemical EngineeringNirma University Ahmedabad India
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Abstract
This study deals with approaches for a social-ecological friendly European bioeconomy based on biomass from industrial crops cultivated on marginal agricultural land. The selected crops to be investigated are: Biomass sorghum, camelina, cardoon, castor, crambe, Ethiopian mustard, giant reed, hemp, lupin, miscanthus, pennycress, poplar, reed canary grass, safflower, Siberian elm, switchgrass, tall wheatgrass, wild sugarcane, and willow. The research question focused on the overall crop growth suitability under low-input management. The study assessed: (i) How the growth suitability of industrial crops can be defined under the given natural constraints of European marginal agricultural lands; and (ii) which agricultural practices are required for marginal agricultural land low-input systems (MALLIS). For the growth-suitability analysis, available thresholds and growth requirements of the selected industrial crops were defined. The marginal agricultural land was categorized according to the agro-ecological zone (AEZ) concept in combination with the marginality constraints, so-called ‘marginal agro-ecological zones’ (M-AEZ). It was found that both large marginal agricultural areas and numerous agricultural practices are available for industrial crop cultivation on European marginal agricultural lands. These results help to further describe the suitability of industrial crops for the development of social-ecologically friendly MALLIS in Europe.
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Oakleaf JR, Kennedy CM, Baruch-Mordo S, Gerber JS, West PC, Johnson JA, Kiesecker J. Mapping global development potential for renewable energy, fossil fuels, mining and agriculture sectors. Sci Data 2019; 6:101. [PMID: 31249308 PMCID: PMC6597728 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-019-0084-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mapping suitable land for development is essential to land use planning efforts that aim to model, anticipate, and manage trade-offs between economic development and the environment. Previous land suitability assessments have generally focused on a few development sectors or lack consistent methodologies, thereby limiting our ability to plan for cumulative development pressures across geographic regions. Here, we generated 1-km spatially-explicit global land suitability maps, referred to as "development potential indices" (DPIs), for 13 sectors related to renewable energy (concentrated solar power, photovoltaic solar, wind, hydropower), fossil fuels (coal, conventional and unconventional oil and gas), mining (metallic, non-metallic), and agriculture (crop, biofuels expansion). To do so, we applied spatial multi-criteria decision analysis techniques that accounted for both resource potential and development feasibility. For each DPI, we examined both uncertainty and sensitivity, and spatially validated the map using locations of planned development. We illustrate how these DPIs can be used to elucidate potential individual sector expansion and cumulative development patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Oakleaf
- Global Lands Program, The Nature Conservancy, Fort Collins, CO, 80524, USA.
| | | | | | - James S Gerber
- Global Landscapes Initiative, Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Paul C West
- Global Landscapes Initiative, Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Justin A Johnson
- Natural Capital Project, Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Joseph Kiesecker
- Global Lands Program, The Nature Conservancy, Fort Collins, CO, 80524, USA
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Zuo W, Gu C, Zhang W, Xu K, Wang Y, Bai Y, Shan Y, Dai Q. Sewage sludge amendment improved soil properties and sweet sorghum yield and quality in a newly reclaimed mudflat land. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 654:541-549. [PMID: 30447593 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Growing bioenergy crop on marginal lands has the potential to minimize land use conflicts and meet global energy demand. The newly reclaimed mudflats through sewage sludge amendment can be used as a potential marginal land for bioenergy production. This paper was one of first studies to investigate the persistent impact of sewage sludge application at the rates of 0, 25, 50, 125, and 250 t ha-1 on selected soil physicochemical properties, yields and quality of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) cultivated in newly reclaimed mudflat saline-alkaline soil. The results showed that sewage sludge amendment (SSA) improved physicochemical properties by decreasing bulk density, electric conductivity, pH, and increasing soil organic carbon, >0.25 mm water-stable aggregate fraction, cation exchange capacity, nitrogen, and phosphorus contents in mudflat soil. Consequently, the sweet sorghum biomass and gross energy content were significantly elevated by SSA. The sweet sorghum achieved the maximum biomasses of 4.73 and 6.62 t ha-1 at 250 t ha-1 SSA rate in 2016 and 2017, respectively. The gross energy content of sweet sorghum significantly increased with the SSA rates, although SSA slightly reduced the calorific values in stem and leaf of sweet sorghum. The maximum gross energy contents of sweet sorghum were 79.62 and 104.47 GJ ha-1 at SSA rate of 250 t ha-1 in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Although SSA led to accumulation of heavy metals in sweet sorghum, the growth of sorghum was not inhibited even at the highest SSA. In summary, cultivation of bioenergy crop in mudflat amended by sewage sludge is feasible and can be an innovative solution for mudflat reclamation, safe disposal of solid waste, resource reuse and recycle, and bioenergy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wengang Zuo
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crop/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, PR China
| | - Chuanhui Gu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, PR China
| | - Kaida Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, PR China
| | - Yao Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, PR China
| | - Yanchao Bai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yuhua Shan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Qigen Dai
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crop/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, PR China
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Bioenergy Production on Degraded Land: Landowner Perceptions in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10020099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bioenergy production from degraded land provides an opportunity to secure a new renewable energy source to meet the rapid growth of energy demand in Indonesia while turning degraded land into productive landscape. However, bioenergy production would not be feasible without landowner participation. This study investigates factors affecting landowners’ preferences for bioenergy production by analyzing 150 landowners with fire experience in Buntoi village in Central Kalimantan using Firth’s logistic regression model. Results indicated that 76% of landowners preferred well-known species that have a readily available market such as sengon (Albizia chinensis (Osb.) Merr.) and rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Müll.Arg.) for restoration on degraded land. Only 8% of preferred nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) for bioenergy production; these particular landowners revealed a capacity to handle the uncertainty of the bioenergy market because they had additional jobs and income, had migrated from Java where nyamplung is prevalent, and preferred agricultural extension to improve their technical capacity. These results contribute to identifying key conditions for a bottom-up approach to bioenergy production from degraded land in Indonesia: a stable bioenergy market for landowners, application of familiar bioenergy species, and agricultural extension support for capacity building.
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40
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Comparison of Global and Continental Land Cover Products for Selected Study Areas in South Central and Eastern European Region. REMOTE SENSING 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/rs10121967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Land cover is one of the key terrestrial variables used for monitoring and as input for modelling in support of achieving the United Nations Strategical Development Goals. Global and Continental Land Cover Products (GCLCs) aim to provide the required harmonized information background across areas; thus, they are not being limited by national or other administrative nomenclature boundaries and their production approaches. Moreover, their increased spatial resolution, and consequently their local relevance, is of high importance for users at a local scale. During the last decade, several GCLCs were developed, including the Global Historical Land-Cover Change Land-Use Conversions (GLC), the Globeland-30 (GLOB), Corine-2012 (CLC) and GMES/ Copernicus Initial Operation High Resolution Layers (GIOS). Accuracy assessment is of high importance for product credibility towards incorporation into decision chains and implementation procedures, especially at local scales. The present study builds on the collaboration of scientists participating in the Global Observations of Forest Cover—Global Observations of Land Cover Dynamics (GOFC-GOLD), South Central and Eastern European Regional Information Network (SCERIN). The main objective is to quantitatively evaluate the accuracy of commonly used GCLCs at selected representative study areas in the SCERIN geographic area, which is characterized by extreme diversity of landscapes and environmental conditions, heavily affected by anthropogenic impacts with similar major socio-economic drivers. The employed validation strategy for evaluating and comparing the different products is detailed, representative results for the selected areas from nine SCERIN countries are presented, the specific regional differences are identified and their underlying causes are discussed. In general, the four GCLCs products achieved relatively high overall accuracy rates: 74–98% for GLC (mean: 93.8%), 79–92% for GLOB (mean: 90.6%), 74–91% for CLC (mean: 89%) and 72–98% for GIOS (mean: 91.6%), for all selected areas. In most cases, the CLC product has the lower scores, while the GLC has the highest, closely followed by GIOS and GLOB. The study revealed overall high credibility and validity of the GCLCs products at local scale, a result, which shows expected benefit even for local/regional applications. Identified class dependent specificities in different landscape types can guide the local users for their reasonable usage in local studies. Valuable information is generated for advancing the goals of the international GOFC-GOLD program and aligns well with the agenda of the NASA Land-Cover/Land-Use Change Program to improve the quality and consistency of space-derived higher-level products.
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41
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Assessing Pasture Degradation in the Brazilian Cerrado Based on the Analysis of MODIS NDVI Time-Series. REMOTE SENSING 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/rs10111761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Around 55% of all Brazilian cattle production is located in the Cerrado biome, which also contains the largest pasture area in Brazil. Previous studies indicated that about 60% of these pastures were degraded by 2010. However, up-to-date and more precise estimates are necessary to access the extent and degree of degradation of the Cerrado pastures, since these areas constitute strategic land reserves for both livestock intensification and soybean expansion. Therefore, in this study, we estimated the area of degraded pastures in the Cerrado by analyzing the trends of cumulative NDVI anomalies over time used as a proxy for pasture degradation. The generated slope surface was segmented into two classes, comprising non-degraded and degraded pastures, which were correlated with socio-economic and biophysical variables. According to our study, around 39% of the Cerrado pastures are currently degraded, encompassing 18.2 million hectares, mostly in areas with a cattle carrying capacity below 1.0 AU ha−1. These areas, distributed in the northwest Cerrado, mostly within the Brazilian states of Maranhão, Piauí, and Bahia (i.e., Matopiba region), tend to be associated with decreasing rainfall patterns and low investments in soil conservation practices. The degraded areas also tend to be concentrated in municipalities with low human development indices (HDI).
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43
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Waha K, van Wijk MT, Fritz S, See L, Thornton PK, Wichern J, Herrero M. Agricultural diversification as an important strategy for achieving food security in Africa. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:3390-3400. [PMID: 29604153 PMCID: PMC6055696 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Farmers in Africa have long adapted to climatic and other risks by diversifying their farming activities. Using a multi-scale approach, we explore the relationship between farming diversity and food security and the diversification potential of African agriculture and its limits on the household and continental scale. On the household scale, we use agricultural surveys from more than 28,000 households located in 18 African countries. In a next step, we use the relationship between rainfall, rainfall variability, and farming diversity to determine the available diversification options for farmers on the continental scale. On the household scale, we show that households with greater farming diversity are more successful in meeting their consumption needs, but only up to a certain level of diversity per ha cropland and more often if food can be purchased from off-farm income or income from farm sales. More diverse farming systems can contribute to household food security; however, the relationship is influenced by other factors, for example, the market orientation of a household, livestock ownership, nonagricultural employment opportunities, and available land resources. On the continental scale, the greatest opportunities for diversification of food crops, cash crops, and livestock are located in areas with 500-1,000 mm annual rainfall and 17%-22% rainfall variability. Forty-three percent of the African cropland lacks these opportunities at present which may hamper the ability of agricultural systems to respond to climate change. While sustainable intensification practices that increase yields have received most attention to date, our study suggests that a shift in the research and policy paradigm toward agricultural diversification options may be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark T. van Wijk
- Livestock Systems and the EnvironmentInternational Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)NairobiKenya
| | - Steffen Fritz
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA)LaxenburgAustria
| | - Linda See
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA)LaxenburgAustria
| | - Philip K. Thornton
- CSIRO Agriculture & FoodSt LuciaQLDAustralia
- CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), ILRINairobiKenya
| | - Jannike Wichern
- Plant Production SystemsWageningen University & ResearchWageningenthe Netherlands
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44
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Robertson GP, Hamilton SK, Barham BL, Dale BE, Izaurralde RC, Jackson RD, Landis DA, Swinton SM, Thelen KD, Tiedje JM. Cellulosic biofuel contributions to a sustainable energy future: Choices and outcomes. Science 2018; 356:356/6345/eaal2324. [PMID: 28663443 DOI: 10.1126/science.aal2324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Cellulosic crops are projected to provide a large fraction of transportation energy needs by mid-century. However, the anticipated land requirements are substantial, which creates a potential for environmental harm if trade-offs are not sufficiently well understood to create appropriately prescriptive policy. Recent empirical findings show that cellulosic bioenergy concerns related to climate mitigation, biodiversity, reactive nitrogen loss, and crop water use can be addressed with appropriate crop, placement, and management choices. In particular, growing native perennial species on marginal lands not currently farmed provides substantial potential for climate mitigation and other benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Philip Robertson
- W. K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI 49060, USA. .,Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Stephen K Hamilton
- W. K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI 49060, USA.,Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Bradford L Barham
- Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.,Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Bruce E Dale
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - R Cesar Izaurralde
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.,Texas AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, Temple, TX 76502, USA
| | - Randall D Jackson
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.,Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Douglas A Landis
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Scott M Swinton
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Kurt D Thelen
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - James M Tiedje
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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45
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Unexpectedly large impact of forest management and grazing on global vegetation biomass. Nature 2017; 553:73-76. [PMID: 29258288 PMCID: PMC5756473 DOI: 10.1038/nature25138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Carbon stocks in vegetation play a key role in the climate system1–4, but their magnitude and patterns, their uncertainties, and the impact of land use on them remain poorly quantified. Based on a consistent integration of state-of-the art datasets, we show that vegetation currently stores ~450 PgC. In the hypothetical absence of land use, potential vegetation would store ~916 PgC, under current climate. This difference singles out the massive effect land use has on biomass stocks. Deforestation and other land-cover changes are responsible for 53-58% of the difference between current and potential biomass stocks. Land management effects, i.e. land-use induced biomass stock changes within the same land cover, contribute 42-47% but are underappreciated in the current literature. Avoiding deforestation hence is necessary but not sufficient for climate-change mitigation. Our results imply that trade-offs exist between conserving carbon stocks on managed land and raising the contribution of biomass to raw material and energy supply for climate change mitigation. Efforts to raise biomass stocks are currently only verifiable in temperate forests, where potentials are limited. In contrast, large uncertainties hamper verification in the tropical forest where the largest potentials are located, pointing to challenges for the upcoming stocktaking exercises under the Paris agreement.
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46
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Nocentini A, Field J, Monti A, Paustian K. Biofuel production and soil GHG emissions after land-use change to switchgrass and giant reed in the U.S. Southeast. Food Energy Secur 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nocentini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - John Field
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
| | - Andrea Monti
- Department of Agricultural Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Keith Paustian
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
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47
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Gibson L, Wilman EN, Laurance WF. How Green is 'Green' Energy? Trends Ecol Evol 2017; 32:922-935. [PMID: 29074270 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Renewable energy is an important piece of the puzzle in meeting growing energy demands and mitigating climate change, but the potentially adverse effects of such technologies are often overlooked. Given that climate and ecology are inextricably linked, assessing the effects of energy technologies requires one to consider their full suite of global environmental concerns. We review here the ecological impacts of three major types of renewable energy - hydro, solar, and wind energy - and highlight some strategies for mitigating their negative effects. All three types can have significant environmental consequences in certain contexts. Wind power has the fewest and most easily mitigated impacts; solar energy is comparably benign if designed and managed carefully. Hydropower clearly has the greatest risks, particularly in certain ecological and geographical settings. More research is needed to assess the environmental impacts of these 'green' energy technologies, given that all are rapidly expanding globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Gibson
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Elspeth N Wilman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - William F Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia
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48
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Assessing and Improving the Reliability of Volunteered Land Cover Reference Data. REMOTE SENSING 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/rs9101034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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49
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Anaerobic Digestion of Feedstock Grown on Marginal Land: Break-Even Electricity Prices. ENERGIES 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/en10091416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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50
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Uludere Aragon N, Wagner M, Wang M, Broadbent AM, Parker N, Georgescu M. Sustainable Land Management for Bioenergy Crops. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2017.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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