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Dong C, Zhang G, Pei Z, Yang R, Li Y, Zhang Q, Jiang G. Organophosphate esters in terrestrial environments of Fildes Peninsula, Antarctica: Occurrence, potential sources, and bioaccumulation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 478:135519. [PMID: 39151362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Despite growing concerns regarding the long-range transport (LRT) and ecological risks of organophosphate esters (OPEs), information on the environmental behaviors of OPEs in polar terrestrial ecosystems remains inadequate. In the present study, 10 OPEs were analyzed in soil and vegetation samples collected from Fildes Peninsula, Antarctica. The OPE concentrations in Antarctic soils, mosses, and lichens ranged from 0.87 to 15.7 ng/g dry weight (dw), 9.8 to 113 ng/g dw, and 3.6 to 75.2 ng/g dw, respectively. Non-chlorinated OPEs predominated in terrestrial matrices, accounting for approximately 76 % of the OPE composition. Source identification indicated that OPE contamination in Antarctica likely resulted from local anthropogenic sources and LRT. Moreover, the bioaccumulation behavior of OPEs from soil to vegetation was assessed using bioconcentration factors (BCFs), revealing a significant non-linear trend of initial increase and subsequent decrease in BCFs relative to the lipophilicities of the octanol-air partition coefficient (log KOA) and octanol-water partition coefficient (log KOW). While low levels of OPEs in Antarctic terrestrial environments were reported in this study, their sustained inputs and potential ecological risks in polar regions warrant further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gaoxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiguo Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruiqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yingming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China.
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
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Wang S, Xu L, Adhikari K, He N. Soil carbon sequestration potential of cultivated lands and its controlling factors in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167292. [PMID: 37742981 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Understanding soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and carbon sequestration potential in cultivated lands can have significant benefit for mitigating climate change and emission reduction. However, there is currently a lack of spatially explicit information on this topic in China, and our understanding of the factors that influence both saturated SOC level (SOCS) and soil organic carbon density (SOCD) remains limited. This study predicted SOCS and SOCD of cultivated lands across mainland China based on point SOC measurements, and mapped its spatial distribution using environmental variables as predictors. Based on the differentiation between SOCS and SOCD, the soil organic carbon sequestration potentials (SOCP) of cultivated land were calculated. Boosted regression trees (BRT), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM) were evaluated as prediction models, and the RF model presented the best performance in predicting SOCS and SOCD based on 10-fold cross-validation. A total of 991 topsoil (0-20 cm) SOC measurements and 12 environmental variables explaining topography, climate, organism, soil properties, and human activity were used as predictors in the model. Both SOCS and SOCD suggested higher SOC levels in northeast China and lower levels in central China. The cultivated lands in China had the potential to sequester about 2.13 ± 0.96 kg m-2 (3.25 Pg) SOC in the top 20 cm soil depth. Northeastern China had the largest SOCP followed by Northern China, and Southwestern China had the lowest SOCP. The primary environmental variables that affected the spatial variation of SOCS were mean annual temperature, followed by clay content and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The assessment and mapping of SOCP in China's cultivated lands holds significance importance as it can provide valuable insights to policymakers and researchers about SOCP, and aid in formulating climate change mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110866, China; Earth Critical Zone and Flux Research Station of Xing'an Mountains, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Daxing'anling 165200, China
| | - Li Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Earth Critical Zone and Flux Research Station of Xing'an Mountains, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Daxing'anling 165200, China.
| | - Kabindra Adhikari
- USDA-ARS, Grassland, Soil and Water Research Laboratory, Temple, TX 76502, USA
| | - Nianpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Earth Critical Zone and Flux Research Station of Xing'an Mountains, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Daxing'anling 165200, China
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3
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Casas G, Iriarte J, D'Agostino LA, Roscales JL, Martinez-Varela A, Vila-Costa M, Martin JW, Jiménez B, Dachs J. Inputs, amplification and sinks of perfluoroalkyl substances at coastal Antarctica. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 338:122608. [PMID: 37742857 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The sources, biogeochemical controls and sinks of perfluoroalkyl substances, such as perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), in polar coastal regions are largely unknown. These were evaluated by measuring a large multi-compartment dataset of PFAAs concentrations at coastal Livingston and Deception Islands (maritime Antarctica) during three austral summers. PFAAs were abundant in atmospheric-derived samples (aerosols, rain, snow), consistent with the importance of atmospheric deposition as an input of PFAAs to Antarctica. Such PFAAs deposition was unequivocally demonstrated by the occurrence of PFAAs in small Antarctic lakes. Several lines of evidence supported the relevant amplification of PFAAs concentrations in surface waters driven by snow scavenging of sea-spray aerosol-bound PFAAs followed by snow-melting. For example, vertical profiles showed higher PFAAs concentrations at lower-salinity surface seawaters, and PFAAs concentrations in snow were significantly higher than in seawater. The higher levels of PFAAs at Deception Island than at Livingston Island are consistent with the semi-enclosed nature of the bay. Concentrations of PFOS decreased from 2014 to 2018, consistent with observations in other oceans. The sink of PFAAs due to the biological pump, transfer to the food web, and losses due to sea-spray aerosols alone are unlikely to have driven the decrease in PFOS concentrations. An exploratory assessment of the potential sinks of PFAAs suggests that microbial degradation of perfluoroalkyl sulfonates should be a research priority for the evaluation of PFAAs persistence in the coming decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Casas
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish National Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC), Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Spanish National Research Council (IQOG-CSIC), Madrid, Spain; BETA Tech Center, University of Vic, Catalonia, Vic, Spain
| | - Jon Iriarte
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish National Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC), Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lisa A D'Agostino
- Department of Environmental Science (ACES, Exposure & Effects), Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
| | - Jose L Roscales
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Spanish National Research Council (IQOG-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Martinez-Varela
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish National Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC), Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Vila-Costa
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish National Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC), Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jonathan W Martin
- Department of Environmental Science (ACES, Exposure & Effects), Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Spanish National Research Council (IQOG-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Dachs
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish National Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC), Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain.
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Wang S, Wang Q, Yuan Z, Wu X. Application of the multimedia fugacity model in predicting the environmental behaviors of PCBs: Based on field measurements and level III fugacity model simulation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115286. [PMID: 37481858 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The comprehensive understanding of PCBs' fate has been impeded by the lack of simultaneous monitoring of PCBs in multiple environmental media in the background areas, which were considered long-term sinks for highly chlorinated PCBs. To address this gap, this study analyzed soils, willow tree barks, water, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and sediment samples collected from the middle reach of the Huaihe River in China for 27 PCBs. The results showed that the levels of ∑27PCBs in the soils were comparable to or lower than the background values worldwide. There were no significant correlations between organic matter and ∑27PCB concentrations in the soils and sediments. Additionally, the contamination of dioxin-like PCBs in the aquatic environment of the study area deserves more attention than in the soils. Applying the level III fugacity model to PCB 52, 77, 101, and 114 revealed that the soil was the primary reservoir, and air-soil exchange was the dominant intermedia transfer process, followed by air-water exchange. Furthermore, simulated results of air-soil and air-water diffusion were compared with those calculated from the field concentrations to predict the potential environmental behaviors of PCBs. Results indicated that the studied river would be a "secondary source" for PCB 52, 77, and 101. However, PCB 52, 77, 101, and 114 would continue to transfer from the air to the soil. This study combines multimedia field measurements and the fugacity model, providing a novel approach to predicting the potential environmental behaviors of PCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, PR China; Wuhu Dongyuan New Country Developing Co., Ltd., Wuhu, Anhui 241000, PR China; Center of Cooperative Innovation for Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang City Belt, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, PR China; Center of Cooperative Innovation for Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang City Belt, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, PR China
| | - Zijiao Yuan
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, PR China; Center of Cooperative Innovation for Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang City Belt, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, PR China
| | - Xiaoguo Wu
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, PR China; Center of Cooperative Innovation for Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang City Belt, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, PR China.
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5
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Egas C, Galbán-Malagón C, Castro-Nallar E, Molina-Montenegro MA. Role of Microbes in the degradation of organic semivolatile compounds in polar ecosystems: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 879:163046. [PMID: 36965736 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The Arctic and the Antarctic Continent correspond to two eco-regions with extreme climatic conditions. These regions are exposed to the presence of contaminants resulting from human activity (local and global), which, in turn, represent a challenge for life forms in these environments. Anthropogenic pollution by semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in polar ecosystems has been documented since the 1960s. Currently, various studies have shown the presence of SVOCs and their bioaccumulation and biomagnification in the polar regions with negative effects on biodiversity and the ecosystem. Although the production and use of these compounds has been regulated, their persistence continues to threaten biodiversity and the ecosystem. Here, we summarize the current literature regarding microbes and SVOCs in polar regions and pose that bioremediation by native microorganisms is a feasible strategy to mitigate the presence of SVOCs. Our systematic review revealed that microbial communities in polar environments represent a wide reservoir of biodiversity adapted to extreme conditions, found both in terrestrial and aquatic environments, freely or in association with vegetation. Microorganisms adapted to these environments have the potential for biodegradation of SVOCs through a variety of genes encoding enzymes with the capacity to metabolize SVOCs. We suggest that a comprehensive approach at the molecular and ecological level is required to mitigate SVOCs presence in these regions. This is especially patent when considering that SVOCs degrade at slow rates and possess the ability to accumulate in polar ecosystems. The implications of SVOC degradation are relevant for the preservation of polar ecosystems with consequences at a global level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Egas
- Centre for Integrative Ecology (CIE), Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Talca, Chile; Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas (ICB), Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Talca, Chile
| | - Cristóbal Galbán-Malagón
- Centro de Genómica, Ecología y Medio Ambiente (GEMA), Universidad Mayor, Campus Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile; Institute of Environment, Florida International University, University Park, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Eduardo Castro-Nallar
- Centre for Integrative Ecology (CIE), Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Talca, Chile; Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Talca, Chile
| | - Marco A Molina-Montenegro
- Centre for Integrative Ecology (CIE), Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Talca, Chile; Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas (ICB), Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Talca, Chile; Centro de Investigación en Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile.
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6
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Khuman SN, Park MK, Kim HJ, Hwang SM, Lee CH, Choi SD. Nationwide assessment of atmospheric organochlorine pesticides over a decade during 2008-2017 in South Korea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 877:162927. [PMID: 36934928 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Long-term nationwide atmospheric monitoring of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) was performed in South Korea during 2008-2017. Their occurrences, seasonal and temporal variability, sources, and effect of ambient temperature were investigated. The OCPs are pronounced with a mean concentration of total OCPs ranging from 5.2 to 256 pg/Sm3. However, a decrease of 54 % was observed in the mean concentration of total OCPs from 2008 to 2017 associated with regulatory actions. OCP concentrations did not show any variations between the different site types, and OCPs were ubiquitously present at all site types. The mean concentration of total OCPs in summer was two-fold higher than in winter. The concentrations of DRINs, DDTs, ENDOs, and HCHs were significantly higher in summer, but the concentrations of chlordane and heptachlor were higher in winter. The diagnostic ratios identified major sources as ongoing sources, past use, and atmospheric transport. Clausius Clapeyron plots strongly suggested the re-emission of α-endosulfan, β-endosulfan, α-HCH, and β-HCH, and ΔHsa (enthalpy of surface air exchange) values suggested the influence of the transport and/or new sources on aldrin, dieldrin, and chlordane. The occurrence of OCPs due to re-emissions, ongoing sources, and long-range atmospheric transport could be a challenge towards the complete phase-out of OCPs in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjenbam Nirmala Khuman
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min-Kyu Park
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ho-Joong Kim
- Department of Chemical Management, Korea Environment Corporation (K-eco), Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Man Hwang
- Department of Chemical Management, Korea Environment Corporation (K-eco), Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang-Ho Lee
- Department of Chemical Management, Korea Environment Corporation (K-eco), Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Deuk Choi
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
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Wang Y, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Rodgers TFM, Ablimit M, Li J, Tan F. Identifying the contributions of root and foliage gaseous/particle uptakes to indoor plants for phthalates, OPFRs and PAHs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 883:163644. [PMID: 37088388 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the uptake pathways of organic chemicals in plants can help us use plants as biosentinels for human exposure, and as remediation tools for contaminated sites. Herein, we investigated the relative contributions of root and foliar (gas and particle) uptake pathways to indoor ornamental plants for phthalates (PAEs), organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). We looked at different kinds of indoor ornamental plants via pot and hydroponic control experiments, comparing the levels between their leaves and indoor air gaseous and particle phases, floor dust, and window film. Contributions of soil and foliage uptakes were calculated based on chemical concentrations in leaves of hydroponic and soil cultured plants and their mass uptake rates. Across all compounds, the contributions of root uptake to the chemicals in soil cultured plants ranged from 47.5 % to 88.5 %. We used binary first-order mass conservation equations to calculate the contributions of foliage uptake via gaseous and particle phases to the chemicals with similar Kow in plant leaves. Foliar uptake of PAEs occurred mainly via particle adsorption, for light PAHs via gaseous absorption, and for OPFRs via both particle and gaseous uptakes. Negative correlations between chemicals' foliage uptake ratios and their Kow and Koa values suggest that foliage uptake may be influenced by both chemical hydrophilicity and lipophilicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Timothy F M Rodgers
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Mukaddas Ablimit
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Junze Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Feng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Pala N, Jiménez B, Roscales JL, Bertolino M, Baroni D, Figuerola B, Avila C, Corsolini S. First evidence of legacy chlorinated POPs bioaccumulation in Antarctic sponges from the Ross sea and the South Shetland Islands. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 329:121661. [PMID: 37085102 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Antarctica is no longer pristine due to the confirmed presence of anthropogenic contaminants like Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). Benthic organisms are poorly represented in contamination studies in Antarctica although they are known to bioaccumulate contaminants. Sponges (Phylum Porifera) are dominant members in Antarctic benthos, both in terms of abundance and biomass, and are an important feeding source for other organisms, playing key functional roles in benthic communities. To the best of our knowledge, legacy chlorinated POPs such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and their metabolites have never been investigated in this Phylum in Antarctica. The aim of this work was to evaluate the bioaccumulation of PCBs, HCB, o,p'- and p,p'-DDT and their DDE and DDD isomers in 35 sponge samples, belonging to 17 different species, collected along the coast of Terra Nova Bay (Adèlie Cove and Tethys Bay, Ross Sea), and at Whalers Bay (Deception Island, South Shetland Islands) in Antarctica. Lipid content showed a significant correlation with the three pollutant classes. The overall observed pattern in the three study sites was ΣPCBs>ΣDDTs>HCB and it was found in almost every species. The ΣPCBs, ΣDDTs, and HCB ranged from 54.2 to 133.7 ng/g lipid weight (lw), from 17.5 to 38.6 ng/g lw and from 4.8 to 8.5 ng/g lw, respectively. Sponges showed contamination levels comparable to other Antarctic benthic organisms from previous studies. The comparison among sponges of the same species from different sites showed diverse patterns for PCBs only in one out of four cases. The concentration of POPs did not vary significantly among the three sites. The predominance of lower chlorinated organochlorines in the samples suggested that long-range atmospheric transportation (LRAT) could be the major driver of contamination as molecules with a high long range transport potential (e.g. low chlorinated PCBs, HCB) prevails on heavier ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Pala
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli, 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, IQOG-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L Roscales
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, IQOG-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Bertolino
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Davide Baroni
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli, 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Blanca Figuerola
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Conxita Avila
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona & Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Simonetta Corsolini
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli, 4, 53100, Siena, Italy.
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Jin Z, Gu C, Fan X, Cai J, Bian Y, Song Y, Sun C, Jiang X. Novel insights into the predominant factors affecting the bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in industrial contaminated areas using PLS-developed model. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 319:138033. [PMID: 36736478 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bioavailability is recognized as a useful technical standard for risk assessment and pollution rehabilitation. However, knowledge on the bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in contaminated site soils is still limited, especially concerning the influential mechanism. With an abundance of soil collections from nine industrial areas in China, the bioavailabilities, as conceptually defined as bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of PAHs were analyzed using biomimetic extraction of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD). Apart from the total content of PAHs varying with the different pyrogenic sources, the BCFs were greatly dependent on the soil physicochemical properties from the spatial scale and inversely proportional to the number of rings. Pearson correlation analysis indicated a weak relationship between bioavailability and the soil dissolved organic matter (DOM), pH and particle size. To incorporate the soil physicochemical properties and structural characteristics of PAHs determined by density functional theory (DFT), the optimum model for bioavailability was developed for BCFs by partial least square (PLS) analysis. The PLS-derived model was shown to be predictive within the applicability domain (AD). The structural characteristics, e.g., molecular polarizability and frontier orbital energy level that favor the soil adsorption of PAH isomers via dispersion interactions, and electron exchanges were indicated to be more impactful on bioavailability than soil environmental factors. However, soil factors should not be neglected, because the pH, DOM, etc. were significantly influential. It makes sense that the higher DOM causes greater bioavailability via increasing the free-dissolved fractions of PAHs. Interestingly, the effect of pH on bioavailability was spectrally validated by excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence, showing that the interaction between DOM and pyrene strengthened the fluorescence quenching of chromophores with the decline in pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chenggang Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Xiuli Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jun Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongrong Bian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yang Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Cheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Jin S, Cao S, Li R, Gao H, Na G. Trophic transfer of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons through the food web of the Fildes Peninsula, Antarctica. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:55057-55066. [PMID: 36884168 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26049-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Antarctic ecosystem is characterized by few consumer species and simple trophic levels (TLs), rendering it an ideal setting to investigate the environmental behavior of contaminants. The paper aims to assess the presence, sources and biomagnification behavior of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of the Antarctic food web and is the first study of biomagnifications of PAHs in the Fildes Peninsula in Antarctica. Nine representative species from the Fildes Peninsula in Antarctica were sampled and evaluated for PAH presence. PAH concentrations ranged from 477.41 to 1237.54 ng/g lipid weight (lw) in the sampled Antarctic biota, with low molecular weight PAHs (naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, and fluorene) comprising the majority of the PAHs. PAHs concentrations were negatively correlated with TLs. Further, the food web magnification factor (FWMF) of ∑PAHs was 0.63, suggesting biodilution of PAHs along the TLs. Source analyses revealed that the PAHs mainly originated from petroleum contamination and the combustion of fossil fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaichen Jin
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (SOA), National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Shengkai Cao
- School of Marine Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Ruijing Li
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (SOA), National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (SOA), National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Guangshui Na
- Laboratory for Coastal Marine Eco-Environment Process and Carbon, Sink of Hainan Province/Yazhou Bay Innovation Institute/College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, 572022, China.
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11
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Sulbaran-Bracho Y, Orellana-Saez M, Castro-Severyn J, Galbán-Malagón C, Castro-Nallar E, Poblete-Castro I. Continuous bioreactors enable high-level bioremediation of diesel-contaminated seawater at low and mesophilic temperatures using Antarctic bacterial consortia: Pollutant analysis and microbial community composition. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 321:121139. [PMID: 36702434 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In 2020, more than 21,000 tons of diesel oil were released accidently into the environment with most of it contaminating water bodies. There is an urgent need for sustainable technologies to clean up rivers and oceans to protect wildlife and human health. One solution is harnessing the power of bacterial consortia; however isolated microbes from different environments have shown low diesel bioremediation rates in seawater thus far. An outstanding question is whether Antarctic microorganisms that thrive in environments polluted with hydrocarbons exhibit better diesel degrading activities when propagated at higher temperatures than those encountered in their natural ecosystems. Here, we isolated bacterial consortia, LR-30 (30 °C) and LR-10 (10 °C), from the Antarctic rhizosphere soil of Deschampsia antarctica (Livingston Island), that used diesel oil as the only carbon substrate. We found that LR-30 and LR-10 batch bioreactors metabolized nearly the entire diesel content when the initial concentration was 10 (g/L) in seawater. Increasing the initial diesel concentration to 50 gDiesel/L, LR-30 and LR-10 bioconverted 33.4 and 31.2 gDiesel/L in 7 days, respectively. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing profiles revealed that the dominant bacterial genera of the inoculated LR-30 community were Achromobacter (50.6%), Pseudomonas (25%) and Rhodanobacter (14.9%), whereas for LR-10 were Pseudomonas (58%), Candidimonas (10.3%) and Renibacterium (7.8%). We also established continuous bioreactors for diesel biodegradation where LR-30 bioremediated diesel at an unprecedent rate of (34.4 g/L per day), while LR-10 achieved (24.5 g/L per day) at 10 °C for one month. The abundance of each bacterial genera present significantly fluctuated at some point during the diesel bioremediation process, yet Achromobacter and Pseudomonas were the most abundant member at the end of the batch and continuous bioreactors for LR-30 and LR-10, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoelvis Sulbaran-Bracho
- Biosystems Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), 9170022, Santiago, Chile
| | - Matias Orellana-Saez
- Biosystems Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), 9170022, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Castro-Severyn
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada Y Extremófilos, Facultad de Ingeniería Y Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Católica Del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Cristóbal Galbán-Malagón
- GEMA, Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide, 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo Castro-Nallar
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Campus Talca, Avda. Lircay s/n, Talca, Chile; Centro de Ecología Integrativa, Universidad de Talca, Campus Talca, Avda. Lircay s/n, Talca, Chile
| | - Ignacio Poblete-Castro
- Biosystems Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), 9170022, Santiago, Chile.
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Dong C, Xiong S, Yang R, Pei Z, Li Y, Zhang Q, Jiang G. Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) in soils and plants from Svalbard, Arctic: Levels, distribution, and potential sources. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 849:157883. [PMID: 35952869 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As persistent organic pollutants (POPs) newly banned by the Stockholm Convention, polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) have been widely detected in various environmental matrices. To date, however, the occurrence of PCNs in soils and plants in the Arctic environment has not been reported. In the current study, the concentrations and distribution of PCNs in Arctic soils and plants from Svalbard were analyzed. Total PCN concentrations ranged from 5.3 to 2550 pg/g dry weight (dw) in soils and 77 to 870 pg/g dw in plants. The higher levels of PCNs near the research stations and Longyearbyen town highlighted the significant influence of local anthropogenic emission sources. The composition of PCNs in Arctic soils and plants was dominated by lower chlorinated homologues, especially mono- to trichlorinated naphthalenes, which accounted for over 80 % of total PCNs in the soil and plant samples. The correlation analysis indicated the potential influences of total organic carbon (TOC) content on PCN concentrations in the soil, and octanol-air partition coefficients (KOA) or octanol-water partition coefficients (KOW) on PCN accumulation from soils to plants. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report on the concentration and distribution of PCNs in Arctic soils and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Siyuan Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruiqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiguo Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yingming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Tan H, Wu Q, Wang C, Wu D, Cui Y, Li Q, Wu C. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface soils of tropical reef islands in China under external plant and soil introduction: Occurrence, sources, risks, and relationships with soil properties, vegetation cover, and soil source. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 306:135556. [PMID: 35803380 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the levels, sources, and risks of PAHs in soils from Yongle Atoll (YLA) and Xuande Atoll (XDA) of the Xisha Islands (XSIs) in the South China Sea, China, under different vegetation cover types and soil sources. The results clearly showed that the levels of 16 US EPA priority PAHs (Σ16PAHs) are relatively low in XDA and YLA, with concentrations ranging from not detected (ND) to 151 ng/g (average 15.7 ng/g) and ND to 5.8 ng/g (average 2.1 ng/g), respectively. Three- and four-ring PAHs (62.3% and 53.8%) were widely distributed in YLA and XDA. The average concentration of Σ16PAHs in soils with shrub cover was 1.4, 1.8, 4.8, and 5.0 times higher than that in soils with herbaceous cover, vegetable cover, arbor cover, and no plant cover, respectively. Source analysis using binary diagnostic ratios and the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model suggested that PAHs have similar sources (gasoline/coal combustion, coke production, and biomass combustion), but different contributions in native soil and introduced soil. Moreover, diesel-related vehicular emission was identified to be an additional source of PAHs in native soil. Pearson's correlations revealed strong relationships between PAHs and organic matter or total organic carbon. The cancer risk of PAHs varied among different vegetation cover types and soil sources, following the orders herbaceous cover > vegetable cover > shrub cover > arbor cover > no plant cover and introduced soil > mixed soil > native soil. Nevertheless, the risk remained lower than the risk threshold (10-6), suggesting low carcinogenesis risk in the two atolls. Our findings provide new evidence for the introduction of external vegetation/soil acting as a driver of changes in the characteristics of PAHs in islands, and also underline the negligibility of the PAH increase in soils in the South China Sea, China, from the perspective of health hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huadong Tan
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China; National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Danzhou, 571737, China.
| | - Qiumin Wu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China; Huazhong Agricultural University, College of Resources & Environment, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Chuanmi Wang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China; National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Danzhou, 571737, China.
| | - Dongming Wu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China; National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Danzhou, 571737, China.
| | - Yanmei Cui
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China.
| | - Qinfen Li
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China; National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Danzhou, 571737, China.
| | - Chunyuan Wu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China; National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Danzhou, 571737, China.
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Zhang X, Zhang ZF, Zhang X, Zhu FJ, Li YF, Cai M, Kallenborn R. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Marine Atmosphere from the Western Pacific to the Southern Ocean: Spatial Variability, Gas/Particle Partitioning, and Source Apportionment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:6253-6261. [PMID: 35476391 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The spatial variability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the marine atmosphere contributes to the understanding of the global sources, fate, and impact of this contaminant. Few studies conducted to measure PAHs in the oceanic atmosphere have covered a large scale, especially in the Southern Ocean. In this study, high-volume air samples were taken along a cross-section from China to Antarctica and analyzed for gaseous and particulate PAHs. The data revealed the spatial distribution, gas-particle partitioning, and source contributions of PAHs in the Pacific, Indian, and Southern Oceans. The median concentration (gaseous + particulate) of ∑24PAHs was 3900 pg/m3 in the Pacific Ocean, 2000 pg/m3 in the Indian Ocean, and 1200 pg/m3 in the Southern Ocean. A clear latitudinal gradient was observed for airborne PAHs from the western Pacific to the Southern Ocean. Back trajectories (BTs) analysis showed that air masses predominantly originated from populated land had significantly higher concentrations of PAHs than those from the oceans or Antarctic continents/islands. The air mass origins and temperature have significant influences on the gas-particle partitioning of PAHs. Source analysis by positive matrix factorization (PMF) showed that the highest contribution to PAHs was from coal combustion emissions (52%), followed by engine combustion emissions (27%) and wood combustion emissions (21%). A higher contribution of PAHs from wood combustion was found in the eastern coastal region of Australia. In contrast, engine combustion emissions primarily influenced the sites in Southeast Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
- International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Polar Academy, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin 150090, China
| | - Zi-Feng Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
- International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Polar Academy, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xianming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Fu-Jie Zhu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
- International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Polar Academy, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yi-Fan Li
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
- International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Polar Academy, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin 150090, China
- IJRC-PTS-NA, Toronto, Ontario M2N 6X9, Canada
| | - Minghong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Polar Science, Ministry of Natural Resources, Polar Research Institute of China, 451 Jinqiao Road, Shanghai 200136, China
- School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Roland Kallenborn
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
- International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Polar Academy, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin 150090, China
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology & Food Sciences (KBM), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås NO-1432, Norway
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15
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Ding Y, Huang H, Chen W, Zhang Y, Chen W, Xing X, Qi S. Background levels of OCPs, PCBs, and PAHs in soils from the eastern Pamirs, China, an alpine region influenced by westerly atmospheric transport. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 115:453-464. [PMID: 34969473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT) plays a crucial role in the occurrence of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in remote regions. When studying the LRAT of POPs on the Tibetan Plateau, westerly-controlled regions have received insufficient attention compared with regions influenced by the Indian monsoon or air flow from East Asia. We investigated the residual levels of POPs in soils from the eastern Pamirs and used air backward trajectory analysis to elucidate the influence of potential source regions via LRAT. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs, mainly comprising DDTs, HCHs, and HCB), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs, mainly comprising penta- and hexa-CBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, mainly comprising three- and four-ring) were detected at low concentrations of 40-1000, <MDL-88, and 2100-34,000 pg/g, respectively. We elucidated three major geographical distribution patterns of POPs, which were influenced by (1) the distribution of total organic carbon and black carbon in soil, (2) historical use of pesticides in the Tarim Basin, and (3) continuous emissions. Central Asia and the Tarim Basin were major potential source regions of POPs reaching the eastern Pamirs via LRAT. Historical use of technical HCH or lindane and technical DDT in potential source regions may contribute to the accumulation of HCHs and DDTs in the eastern Pamirs, respectively. Local sources seem to play a more important role in the occurrence of PAHs in the study area. By being under the control of less contaminated westerly air flow, the eastern Pamirs are more pristine than the core of the Tibetan Plateau where the Indian and East Asia monsoons deliver contaminants from highly industrialized areas in East China and India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Huanfang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wenwen Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xinli Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shihua Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Assessment of Pesticide, Dioxin-like Polychlorinated Biphenyl, and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Existence around Galindez Island, and Comparison with the Organic Pollution Bibliography of the Antarctic Peninsula. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14073994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Sediment, notothenioid fish, and moss samples were collected from the vicinity of Galindez Island, Antarctic Peninsula during the austral autumn of 2016 and 2017. Pesticide, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH), and dioxin-like Polychlorinated Biphenyl (dl-PCB) concentrations were measured using High-Resolution Gas and Liquid Chromatography. Pollutant concentrations were below detection limits in sediment and moss samples. However, pesticides, PAH, and dl-PCB congeners were detected in the muscle tissue of fishes. Pesticide concentrations varied between 0.46 and 12.2 ng/g-dw, and Mecarbam was the dominant compound. Kresoxim-methyl, Mecarbam, Procymidone, Pyridaben, and Quinoxyfen were reported in the muscle tissue of the fishes, for the first time from the Antarctic. PCB-118, PCB-105, and PCB-156 were dominant dl-PCBs. The ∑12-dl-PCB concentration was 160,929 pg/g-dw, and WHO-TEQ-total dl-PCB was 8.30 pg/g-dw in Trematomus bernachii, over the consumable limit in fishes according to the European Commission. The PCB-126 concentration was 36 pg/g-dw in the muscle tissue of fish, the first reported from the Antarctic. Phenanthrene was the dominant PAH congener. The ∑16-PAH concentration was 22.5 ng/g-dw. PAH sources were local and petrogenic in the fishes, likely after long-term bioaccumulation. The flow rate is rather low around Galindez Island; accordingly, contaminant removal takes time and may demonstrate long-lasting effects including bioaccumulation in the marine food web.
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Xie J, Tao L, Wu Q, Bian Z, Wang M, Li Y, Zhu G, Lin T. Bioaccumulation of organochlorine pesticides in Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba): Profile, influencing factors, and mechanisms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 426:128115. [PMID: 34959217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba), a keystone species in the Southern Ocean, is potentially harmful to the Antarctic ecosystem and human health. In the current study, we collected E. superba specimens (including muscle and carapace tissues) from Bransfield Strait in northern Antarctic Peninsula and South Georgia to analyze the profile, influencing factors and mechanisms of OCPs bioaccumulation in them. Results indicated that the biological traits (δ13C, δ15N and lipid contents) of krill were significantly affected by habitat. There may exist growth dilution of OCPs in Antarctic krill and no fresh OCPs input in Antarctica, except for endosulfan I. Based on lipid-normalized concentrations, no significant differences were observed between the two regions at most sampling sites. However, OCP levels showed tissue and sex dependence. Boosted regression trees (BRTs) and partial least squares structural equation models (PLS-SEMs) were built to better investigate the main factors affecting the bioaccumulation of OCPs. Lipid content, negatively correlated with OCP levels, was the main factor. In vitro silicon modeling indicated that CYP3A4 metabolism capacity in krill contributed to the OCP residues except for endosulfan I. The results of this study expand current knowledge of OCPs in Antarctic marine biota, as well as their influencing factors and potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqian Xie
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Center for Polar Research, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ling Tao
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhihe Bian
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Mengqiu Wang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yingming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Guoping Zhu
- Center for Polar Research, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; College of Marine Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai 201306, China; Polar Marine Ecosystem Group, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Tian Lin
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
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18
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Tekin Z, Karlıdağ NE, Özdoğan N, Koçoğlu ES, Bakırdere S. Dispersive solid phase extraction based on reduced graphene oxide modified Fe 3O 4 nanocomposite for trace determination of parabens in rock, soil, moss, seaweed, feces, and water samples from Horseshoe and Faure Islands. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 426:127819. [PMID: 34838356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study reports an efficient, green, sensitive and simple analytical protocol for trace determination of methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, propyl paraben, butylparaben and benzyl paraben by high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). The analytes were preconcentrated using an ultrasonication supported (US) dispersive solid phase extraction (DSPE) method based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) modified iron nanoparticles (US-Fe3O4@rGO-DSPE). A reversed-phase C18 column and an isocratic elution program comprising of 20 mM phosphate buffer (pH 4.50) and acetonitrile(58:42, v/v) were used to elute and separate the analytes for detection. The limits of detection determined for the analytes were very low and were in the range of 0.02 - 0.16 ng mL-1. The coefficients of determination obtained for the analytes ranged from 0.9973 to 0.9998, and this validated good linearity of the method.Percent relative standard deviations obtained in the range of 2.5 - 10.6% verified the method's high intraday repeatability. Accuracy of the proposed method was assessed with spiking experiments performed on complex sample matrices. Percent recoveries calculated for spiked soil, artificial seawater and seaweed samples were in acceptable ranges of 95 - 121%, 87 - 117% and 85 - 111%, respectively. These figures of merit suggest that HPLC-UV coupled with the US-Fe3O4@rGO-DSPEmethod is suitable for the determination of parabens in Antarctic samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Tekin
- Yıldız Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 34349 İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Nizamettin Özdoğan
- Bülent Ecevit University, Institute of Science, Environmental Engineer Department, 67100 Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Elif Seda Koçoğlu
- Yıldız Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 34349 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sezgin Bakırdere
- Yıldız Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 34349 İstanbul, Turkey; Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA), Vedat Dalokay Street, No: 112, Çankaya, 06670 Ankara, Turkey.
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19
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Sun H, Li Y, Wang P, Yang R, Pei Z, Zhang Q, Jiang G. First report on hydroxylated and methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers in terrestrial environment from the Arctic and Antarctica. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127644. [PMID: 34749998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial plants, which account for the world's largest biomass and constitute the basis of most food webs, take up, transform, and accumulate organic chemical contaminants from the ambient environment. In this study, we determined the concentrations and congener profiles of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hydroxylated and methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs and MeO-PBDEs) in surface soil and vegetation samples collected from the Arctic (Svalbard) and Antarctica (King George Island) during the Chinese Scientific Research Expeditions. The concentrations of total PBDEs (∑PBDEs) in soil and vegetation samples collected from the Arctic (5.6-270 pg/g dry weight) were higher than those from Antarctica (2.3-33 pg/g dw), whereas the concentrations of ∑MeO-PBDEs and ∑OH-PBDEs were lower in Arctic terrestrial samples (n.d.-0.75 and 0.0008-1.1 ng/g dw, respectively) than in samples from Antarctica (0.007-4.0 and 0.034-25 ng/g dw, respectively). Long-range atmospheric transport and human activities were potential sources of PBDEs in polar regions, whereas the dominance of ortho-substituted MeO-PBDE and OH-PBDE congeners in terrestrial matrices indicated the importance of natural sources. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first report on the levels and behaviors of MeO-PBDEs and OH-PBDEs in terrestrial environment of polar regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Eco-geochemistry, Ministry of Natural Resources, National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Beijing 100037, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yingming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Pu Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Ruiqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiguo Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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20
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Potapowicz J, Szopińska M, Szumińska D, Bialik RJ, Polkowska Ż. Sources and composition of chemical pollution in Maritime Antarctica (King George Island), part 1: Sediment and water analysis for PAH sources evaluation in the vicinity of Arctowski station. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132637. [PMID: 34715110 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents a study regarding the identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in fresh waters and surface sediments on the western shore of Admiralty Bay over four sampling seasons from 2017 to 2018. The results were compared to literature data from 2016 to provide a more comprehensive image of the environmental fate of PAHs over the years. The highest value of Σ PAHs was 82.9 ng/L and 445 ng/g dw in water and sediment samples, respectively. The analysis of PAH indicator ratio values showed that pyrogenic or mixed sources contribute to the PAH pollution in Antarctic sediments and water more than does petroleum. The main source is the combustion of biomass (e.g. as a result of fires) and coal, and PAHs are mostly associated with the activity of stations or are transported to a lesser extent by long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT) from South America. The values of the ΣLMW/ΣHMW ratio in sediments indicate that petrogenic sources contribute to PAH contamination, but among the six PAH ratios tested, petrogenic sources were identified as dominant in approximately 17-19% of cases. Lack of coherence in the obtained results confirms the mixed origin of PAHs in the studied samples. Although the differentiation of PAHs sources is still ambiguous, caution is recommended in light of the Antarctic system's evident and rapid response to global and local PAH emissions, and the dependency of accumulation and release cycle processes on weather conditions. A reduction in petrol usage in favour of renewable energy sources, and restriction of tourism are strongly recommended for better preservation of the pristine Antarctic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Potapowicz
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk, 80-233, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szopińska
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Water and Wastewater Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk, 80-233, Poland
| | - Danuta Szumińska
- Kazimierz Wielki University, Institute of Geography, Kościelecki Sq 8, 85-033, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Robert Józef Bialik
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Science, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Żaneta Polkowska
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk, 80-233, Poland.
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21
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A First Glimpse on Cold-Adapted PCB-Oxidizing Bacteria in Edmonson Point Lakes (Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica). WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antarctic freshwater ecosystems are especially vulnerable to human impacts. Polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants that have a long lifetime in the environment. Despite their use having either been phased out or restricted, they are still found in nature, also in remote areas. Once in the environment, the fate of PCBs is strictly linked to bacteria which represent the first step in the transfer of toxic compounds to higher trophic levels. Data on PCB-oxidizing bacteria from polar areas are still scarce and fragmented. In this study, the occurrence of PCB-oxidizing cold-adapted bacteria was evaluated in water and sediment of four coastal lakes at Edmonson Point (Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica). After enrichment with biphenyl, 192 isolates were obtained with 57 of them that were able to grow in the presence of the PCB mixture Aroclor 1242, as the sole carbon source. The catabolic gene bphA, as a proxy for PCB degradation potential, was harbored by 37 isolates (out of 57), mainly affiliated to the genera Salinibacterium, Arthrobacter (among Actinobacteria) and Pusillimonas (among Betaproteobacteria). Obtained results enlarge our current knowledge on cold-adapted PCB-oxidizing bacteria and pose the basis for their potential application as a valuable eco-friendly tool for the recovery of PCB-contaminated cold sites.
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22
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Bhardwaj LK, Sharma S, Jindal T. Occurrence of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Lake Water at Grovnes Peninsula Over East Antarctica. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-021-00278-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Szumińska D, Potapowicz J, Szopińska M, Czapiewski S, Falk U, Frankowski M, Polkowska Ż. Sources and composition of chemical pollution in Maritime Antarctica (King George Island), part 2: Organic and inorganic chemicals in snow cover at the Warszawa Icefield. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 796:149054. [PMID: 34328894 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The study area is located on King George Island, where 90% of the area is permanently glaciated. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the inorganic and organic chemistry of snow cover in the icefield and a comparison against previous results obtained in fresh water. Snow samples were collected in the summer of 2017 in the Warszawa Icefield area. Sampling points are located along two transects: between the Arctowski Polish Polar Station and the Carlini Base (N = 4), and from the forefield to the upper part of Ecology Glacier (N = 5). In the snow samples, (1) basic ions, (2) major trace metals and metalloids (and B), and (3) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were detected and quantified. Additionally, the parameters of pH, specific electrolytic conductivity (SEC25) and total organic carbon (TOC) were determined. The results show a low concentration of inorganic elements (<30 mg/L), TOC (<1 mg/L) and PAHs (0.11-1.4 ng/L) in collected snow samples. A slight increase in PAHs and heavy-metals concentration has been observed at the marginal parts of the icefield, which suggests the impact of scientific stations. Based on this result there is a need to conduct research on pollutant levels in ice cores on King George Island to assess the risk associated with rapid glacier thawing and pollution remobilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Szumińska
- Kazimierz Wielki University, Institute of Geography, 8 Kościelecki Sq., 85-033 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Joanna Potapowicz
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry Department, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk 80-233, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szopińska
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Water and Wastewater Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk 80-233, Poland
| | - Sebastian Czapiewski
- Kazimierz Wielki University, Institute of Geography, 8 Kościelecki Sq., 85-033 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Ulrike Falk
- Bremen University, Institute for Geography, Climate Lab, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Marcin Frankowski
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental and Analytical Chemistry, 8 Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego St., 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Żaneta Polkowska
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry Department, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk 80-233, Poland
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24
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Vodopivez C, Curtosi A, Pelletier E, Saint-Louis R, Spairani LU, Hernández EA, Zakrajsek A, Genez A, Mac Cormack WP. Low levels of PAHs and organotin compounds in surface sediment samples from a broad marine area of 25 de Mayo (King George) Island, South Shetland Islands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 785:147206. [PMID: 33957587 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Northern region of the Antarctic Peninsula constitutes the area with the highest human presence in West Antarctica. The human presence, with all the activities associated such as logistic, scientific and tourism operations, represents a potential risk of chemical pollution with both, organic and inorganic contaminants. Under these conditions knowledge about the presence and levels of the main persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is essential to evaluate the environmental status of this ecologically relevant and sensitive area. In this work, which complements our previous study regarding trace elements, we performed the first regional-scale monitoring of 24 PAHs (16 of them included in EPA list of primary pollutant), and organotin compounds (OTCs:TBT, DBT and MBT) in surface sediment from 68 sites comprising six different areas in Maxwell Bay, southeast coast of 25 de Mayo (King George) Island. POPs were quantified in surface sediment samples (20-30 m depth) obtained during two summer Antarctic expeditions by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The two most anthropized areas (South Fildes and Potter Cove) showed moderated evidence of pollution for PAHs and OTC. In some sampling sites the concentration of total PAHs was higher than 100 ng/g dw, while TBT was detected in only five samples, two of them located in Potter Cove (ranged between 14 and 18 ng/g dw), and three, located in South Fildes area (ranged between 118 and 416 ng/g dw). Although POPs contamination was evidenced in some samples close to scientific stations, a pollution pattern was not clearly identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vodopivez
- Instituto Antártico Argentino, 25 de Mayo 1143, San Martín B1650HMK, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Curtosi
- Instituto Antártico Argentino, 25 de Mayo 1143, San Martín B1650HMK, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E Pelletier
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - R Saint-Louis
- Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - L U Spairani
- Instituto Antártico Argentino, 25 de Mayo 1143, San Martín B1650HMK, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E A Hernández
- Instituto Antártico Argentino, 25 de Mayo 1143, San Martín B1650HMK, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto NANOBIOTEC UBA-CONICET, Junín 956 6to piso, CABA, Argentina
| | - A Zakrajsek
- Instituto Antártico Argentino, 25 de Mayo 1143, San Martín B1650HMK, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Genez
- Instituto Antártico Argentino, 25 de Mayo 1143, San Martín B1650HMK, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - W P Mac Cormack
- Instituto Antártico Argentino, 25 de Mayo 1143, San Martín B1650HMK, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto NANOBIOTEC UBA-CONICET, Junín 956 6to piso, CABA, Argentina..
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25
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Kronik OM, Prothmann J, Troché G, Svensmark B, Nielsen NJ, Christensen JH. A study of the spatial distribution patterns of airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in crowberry (Empetrum nigrum) in Ilulissat, Greenland. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:23133-23142. [PMID: 33442805 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12365-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are produced by anthropogenic activities, such as traffic and domestic heating. Due to their adverse effects to humans and natural habitats, the presence of PAHs in the environment needs to be monitored. Plants are known as natural accumulators of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and can therefore be used for the monitoring of PAHs emitted into the environment. Contamination by PAHs also occurs in the Arctic such as Greenland due to long-range transport through air. However, as anthropogenic activities in the Arctic are increasing, there is a need to investigate the distribution of PAHs due to local emission sources. In this study, we present a systematic sampling approach to identify the influence of PAH sources in an area next to the town of Ilulissat in Greenland. Composite crowberry samples have been collected north of Ilulissat, where the town itself, an incineration site and Ilulissat airport are possible emission sources for PAHs. Matrix solid-phase extraction was used for the extraction of PAHs and the chemical analysis was performed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (GC-MS). In total, 18 out of 19 investigated PAHs could be detected in Empetrum nigrum in a concentration range of 0.69 to 93.01 μg/kgdry weight. Higher concentrations for most of the targeted PAHs were found close to the suspected emission sources and also along the road connecting them. For pyrene, the correlation between the concentration and the distance from the emission sources could be modelled and visualized using a two-dimensional exponential variogram and ordinary kriging. The range in which the samples were spatially correlated was approximately 500 m. Our results show that local emission sources contribute to the spatial distribution patterns of PAHs. Monitoring of pollution by airborne PAHs is therefore needed even in areas far from major pollution sources such as Ilulissat, Greenland. E. nigrum showed to be a feasible species for biomonitoring of PAHs due to its large abundance in the sampling area and its widespread availability in the Artic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Munk Kronik
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jens Prothmann
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gaudry Troché
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Bo Svensmark
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Nikoline Juul Nielsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jan H Christensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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26
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Wang Y, Zhang Z, Tan F, Rodgers TFM, Hou M, Yang Y, Li X. Ornamental houseplants as potential biosamplers for indoor pollution of organophosphorus flame retardants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 767:144433. [PMID: 33422958 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the occurrence, compositions, and partitioning behaviors of organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) in indoor dust, air, and ornamental plants in Dalian, China, to evaluate the possibility of using houseplants as indoor biosamplers of OPFRs. The mean concentrations of OPFRs in the indoor air, dust, and plant samples were 14.9 ng/m3, 18,000 ng/g, and 345 ng/g, respectively. Tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP) was the dominant congener in all kinds of samples. Significant correlation was found between the concentrations of tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) in indoor air and plants, suggesting that ornamental plant can be used as a sentinel for certain OPFRs in the indoor air. We developed a predictive model to assess the partitioning coefficients of OPFRs between indoor air and plant. The lipid content in leaf cuticle instead of leaf organic matter was used to improve the accuracy and reliability of this assessment. Using this model, we can estimate the OPFR concentrations in the indoor air based on their concentrations measured in the corresponding indoor plant. The estimated air concentrations were generally comparable with the measured concentrations, especially for those with octanol-air partition coefficient log Koa <11.6. Indoor plants can also provide a more holistic understanding of OPFR occurrence within a home due to the relatively long-term air-foliage partitioning. The results suggest that under certain conditions indoor ornamental plants have the potential to be used as the biosamplers of OPFRs in the indoor environment due to their convenience and low-cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Feng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Timothy F M Rodgers
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Minmin Hou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ya Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xuehua Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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27
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Kim JT, Choi YJ, Barghi M, Kim JH, Jung JW, Kim K, Kang JH, Lammel G, Chang YS. Occurrence, distribution, and bioaccumulation of new and legacy persistent organic pollutants in an ecosystem on King George Island, maritime Antarctica. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 405:124141. [PMID: 33087285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and bioaccumulation of new and legacy persistent organic pollutants (POPs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), and Dechlorane Plus (DPs) and their related compounds (Dechloranes) in an ecosystem on King George Island, Antarctica are investigated. The new and legacy POPs were widely detected in the animal samples collected from Antarctica, which included Limpet, Antarctic cod, Amphipods, Antarctic icefish, Gentoo and Chinstrap penguins, Kelp gull, and South polar skua. The trophic magnification factors indicated that the levels of PCNs and HBCDs, as well as the legacy POPs, were magnified through the food web, whereas DPs might be diluted through the trophic levels contradicting the classification of Dechloranes as POPs. This is one of the first extensive surveys on PCNs, HBCDs, and Dechloranes, which provides unique information on the distribution and trophic biomagnification potential of the new and legacy POPs in the Antarctic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Tae Kim
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, South Korea; Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, South Korea
| | - Yun-Jeong Choi
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Mandana Barghi
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Kim
- Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, South Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Jung
- Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, South Korea
| | - Kitae Kim
- Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, South Korea
| | - Jung-Ho Kang
- Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, South Korea
| | - Gerhard Lammel
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Yoon-Seok Chang
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, South Korea.
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28
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Xiong S, Hao Y, Li Y, Yang R, Pei Z, Zhang Q, Jiang G. Accumulation and influencing factors of novel brominated flame retardants in soil and vegetation from Fildes Peninsula, Antarctica. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 756:144088. [PMID: 33280871 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations and distributions of nine novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) were analyzed in soil, lichen (Usnea aurantiaco-atra), and moss (Sanionia uncinata) samples collected from the Chinese Antarctic Great Wall Station and surrounding Fildes Peninsula area in west Antarctica. Total NBFR concentrations ranged from 61.2-225 pg/g dry weight (dw) in soil, 283-1065 pg/g dw in moss, and 135-401 pg/g dw in lichen, respectively. Decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) was the dominant NBFR in all samples, accounting for 65.2%, 50.1%, and 72.4% of cumulative NBFR concentration in soil, moss, and lichen, respectively. The concentrations of NBFRs in plant samples were higher than those in soil, which may be related to plant bioaccumulation. Significant log/log-linear correlations (p < 0.05) were found between the concentrations of BEHTEBP and total organic carbon (TOC) in soil, and between DBDPE and lipid content in mosses, indicating that TOC and lipid content potentially affect certain NBFRs in Antarctic soil and moss. This study presents the first report on NBFR contamination in soil and various vegetation in Antarctica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanfen Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yingming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Ruiqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Zhiguo Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China
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Zakaria NN, Convey P, Gomez-Fuentes C, Zulkharnain A, Sabri S, Shaharuddin NA, Ahmad SA. Oil Bioremediation in the Marine Environment of Antarctica: A Review and Bibliometric Keyword Cluster Analysis. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020419. [PMID: 33671443 PMCID: PMC7922015 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioremediation of hydrocarbons has received much attention in recent decades, particularly relating to fuel and other oils. While of great relevance globally, there has recently been increasing interest in hydrocarbon bioremediation in the marine environments of Antarctica. To provide an objective assessment of the research interest in this field we used VOSviewer software to analyze publication data obtained from the ScienceDirect database covering the period 1970 to the present, but with a primary focus on the years 2000–2020. A bibliometric analysis of the database allowed identification of the co-occurrence of keywords. There was an increasing trend over time for publications relating to oil bioremediation in maritime Antarctica, including both studies on marine bioremediation and of the metabolic pathways of hydrocarbon degradation. Studies of marine anaerobic degradation remain under-represented compared to those of aerobic degradation. Emerging keywords in recent years included bioprospecting, metagenomic, bioindicator, and giving insight into changing research foci, such as increasing attention to microbial diversity. The study of microbial genomes using metagenomic approaches or whole genome studies is increasing rapidly and is likely to drive emerging fields in future, including rapid expansion of bioprospecting in diverse fields of biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Nadhirah Zakaria
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.N.Z.); (N.A.S.)
| | - Peter Convey
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK;
| | - Claudio Gomez-Fuentes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Magallanes, Avda, Bulnes 01855, Chile;
- Center for Research and Antarctic Environmental Monitoring (CIMAA), Universidad de Magallanes, Avda, Bulnes 01855, Chile
| | - Azham Zulkharnain
- Department of Bioscience and Engineering, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan;
| | - Suriana Sabri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Noor Azmi Shaharuddin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.N.Z.); (N.A.S.)
| | - Siti Aqlima Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.N.Z.); (N.A.S.)
- Center for Research and Antarctic Environmental Monitoring (CIMAA), Universidad de Magallanes, Avda, Bulnes 01855, Chile
- National Antarctic Research Centre, B303 Level 3, Block B, IPS Building, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
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Ding Z, Yi Y, Wang W, Zhang Q. Atmospheric degradation of chrysene initiated by OH radical: A quantum chemical investigation. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128267. [PMID: 33297211 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chrysene, a four-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), is recalcitrant to biodegradation and persistent in the environment due to its low water solubility. Here, we investigated the atmospheric degradation process of chrysene initiated by OH radical in the presence of O2 and NOX using quantum chemical calculations. The reaction mechanisms were elucidated by density functional theory (DFT) at M06-2X/6-311++G(3df,2p)//M06-2X/6-311+G(d,p) level, and the kinetics calculations were conducted with Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) theory. The results show that the oxidation products of atmospheric chrysene are oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs) and nitro-PAHs (NPAHs), including nitro-chrysene, hydroxychrysene, hydroxychrysenone, 11-benzo[a]fluorenone and dialdehydes. Most of the products have deleterious effects on the environment and human beings due to their acute toxicity, carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. The overall rate constant for the reaction of chrysene with OH radical is 4.48 × 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 and the atmospheric lifetime of chrysene determined by OH radical is 6.4 h. The present work provided a comprehensive understanding on the degradation mechanisms and kinetics of chrysene, which could help to clarify its atmospheric fate and environmental risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhezheng Ding
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Yayi Yi
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China.
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31
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Mendaš G, Herceg Romanić S, Jovanović G, Aničić Urošević M, Ilić M, Milićević T, Popović A. Organochlorines burden in moss H. cupressiforme and topsoil across Serbia. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:273-283. [PMID: 32892288 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00704-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Following up-to-date initiatives of the Stockholm Convention, its global monitoring plan, and the International Cooperative Programme on Natural Vegetation and Crops (ICP Vegetation 2015) under the convention on long-range transboundary air pollution, this study examined 17 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and seven organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the moss Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. and topsoil sampled across Serbia. In the topsoil, OCPs ranged from 0.0158 to 9.6804 ng g-1 while concentrations of individual PCB congeners were in the range between 0.0185 and 0.3107 ng g-1. The levels of OCPs and PCBs in the moss H. cupressiforme ranged from 2.7785 to 23.9501 ng g-1, and from 0.4325 to 15.8013 ng g-1, respectively. POP relationships between topsoil and moss investigated by fugacity model equations indicated that the moss POP enrichment was a result of atmospheric long-range transport rather than secondary reemissions from soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Mendaš
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, PO Box 291, 10001, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Snježana Herceg Romanić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, PO Box 291, 10001, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordana Jovanović
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, Belgrade, 11080, Serbia.
- Singidunum University, Danijelova 32, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
| | - Mira Aničić Urošević
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, Belgrade, 11080, Serbia
| | - Miloš Ilić
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Tijana Milićević
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, Belgrade, 11080, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Popović
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
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32
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Gutt J, Isla E, Xavier JC, Adams BJ, Ahn IY, Cheng CHC, Colesie C, Cummings VJ, di Prisco G, Griffiths H, Hawes I, Hogg I, McIntyre T, Meiners KM, Pearce DA, Peck L, Piepenburg D, Reisinger RR, Saba GK, Schloss IR, Signori CN, Smith CR, Vacchi M, Verde C, Wall DH. Antarctic ecosystems in transition - life between stresses and opportunities. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 96:798-821. [PMID: 33354897 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Important findings from the second decade of the 21st century on the impact of environmental change on biological processes in the Antarctic were synthesised by 26 international experts. Ten key messages emerged that have stakeholder-relevance and/or a high impact for the scientific community. They address (i) altered biogeochemical cycles, (ii) ocean acidification, (iii) climate change hotspots, (iv) unexpected dynamism in seabed-dwelling populations, (v) spatial range shifts, (vi) adaptation and thermal resilience, (vii) sea ice related biological fluctuations, (viii) pollution, (ix) endangered terrestrial endemism and (x) the discovery of unknown habitats. Most Antarctic biotas are exposed to multiple stresses and considered vulnerable to environmental change due to narrow tolerance ranges, rapid change, projected circumpolar impacts, low potential for timely genetic adaptation, and migration barriers. Important ecosystem functions, such as primary production and energy transfer between trophic levels, have already changed, and biodiversity patterns have shifted. A confidence assessment of the degree of 'scientific understanding' revealed an intermediate level for most of the more detailed sub-messages, indicating that process-oriented research has been successful in the past decade. Additional efforts are necessary, however, to achieve the level of robustness in scientific knowledge that is required to inform protection measures of the unique Antarctic terrestrial and marine ecosystems, and their contributions to global biodiversity and ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Gutt
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Columbusstr., Bremerhaven, 27568, Germany
| | - Enrique Isla
- Institute of Marine Sciences-CSIC, Passeig Maritim de la Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - José C Xavier
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Coimbra, Portugal.,British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environmental Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 OET, U.K
| | - Byron J Adams
- Department of Biology and Monte L. Bean Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, U.S.A
| | - In-Young Ahn
- Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21990, South Korea
| | - C-H Christina Cheng
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behavior, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, U.S.A
| | - Claudia Colesie
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Alexander Crum Brown Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, U.K
| | - Vonda J Cummings
- National Institute of Water and Atmosphere Research Ltd (NIWA), 301 Evans Bay Parade, Greta Point, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Guido di Prisco
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, Naples, I-80131, Italy
| | - Huw Griffiths
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environmental Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 OET, U.K
| | - Ian Hawes
- Coastal Marine Field Station, University of Waikato, 58 Cross Road, Tauranga, 3100, New Zealand
| | - Ian Hogg
- School of Science, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand.,Canadian High Antarctic Research Station, Polar Knowledge Canada, PO Box 2150, Cambridge Bay, NU, X0B 0C0, Canada
| | - Trevor McIntyre
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida, 1710, South Africa
| | - Klaus M Meiners
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, and Australian Antarctic Program Partnership, University of Tasmania, 20 Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, TAS, 7004, Australia
| | - David A Pearce
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environmental Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 OET, U.K.,Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University at Newcastle, Northumberland Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, U.K
| | - Lloyd Peck
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environmental Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 OET, U.K
| | - Dieter Piepenburg
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Columbusstr., Bremerhaven, 27568, Germany
| | - Ryan R Reisinger
- Centre d'Etudes Biologique de Chizé, UMR 7372 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - La Rochelle Université, Villiers-en-Bois, 79360, France
| | - Grace K Saba
- Center for Ocean Observing Leadership, Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, 71 Dudley Rd., New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, U.S.A
| | - Irene R Schloss
- Instituto Antártico Argentino, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas, Bernardo Houssay 200, Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, CP V9410CAB, Argentina.,Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego, Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, CP V9410CAB, Argentina
| | - Camila N Signori
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, CEP: 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Craig R Smith
- Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1000 Pope Road, Honolulu, HI, 96822, U.S.A
| | - Marino Vacchi
- Institute for the Study of the Anthropic Impacts and the Sustainability of the Marine Environment (IAS), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via de Marini 6, Genoa, 16149, Italy
| | - Cinzia Verde
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, Naples, I-80131, Italy
| | - Diana H Wall
- Department of Biology and School of Global Environmental Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, U.S.A
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Edjere O, Ukpebor JE, Emebu S, Okieimen FE. Preliminary Studies of Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs) in Sediment, Water and Fish Samples from Ethiope River, Abraka Axis, Southern Nigeria. INTERNATIONAL LETTERS OF NATURAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.56431/p-f4t732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Selected persistent organochlorine pollutants, including DDT and its metabolites, hexachlorobenzene, dieldrin, Aldrin, heptachlor, HCH as well as some of their isomers were determined in water, sediment and fish samples from the Ethiope River in Southern Nigeria. Twenty organochlorine pesticides were detected in both seasons from October 2012 – September 2013. Results revealed ∑HCH to be 0.620µg/L (water), 33 ng/g (sediment) and 29.00 ng/g (fish) for the rainy season while concentrations of 0.170 µg/L (water), 14 ng/g (sediment) and 28.00 ng/g (fish) were obtained for the dry season. 0.05–0.15 ng/g for aldrin, 0.12–5.8 ng/g for dieldrin, 0.22–0.64 ng/g for endrin, 0.24–6.37 ng/g for endosulfan and 0.21–8.81 ng/g for ΣDDT (p, p` -DDD, p, p` -DDE, p, p` -DDT). Among the OCPs, ∑HCH, endosulfan and PDDT were the most dominant compounds in the river sediments. γ- HCH was the most frequent detected compound in all the samples from this river. Among the cyclodiene compounds, aldrin was in abundance in most of the sediments, water and fish samples. γ-HCH, γ-HCH and HCB contributed this highest value for the water, sediment and fish sample respectively in the rainy season while aldrin, endrin and HCB were the highest contributors to the ΣOCPs to the mean of water, sediment and fish respectively. Hazard quotient and bioaccumulation analysis carried out on the fish sample revealed that the fishes were heavily contaminated with values >1 for both seasons which possess a possibility for ecological concern.
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34
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Edjere O, Ukpebor JE, Emebu S, Okieimen FE. Preliminary Studies of Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs) in Sediment, Water and Fish Samples from Ethiope River, Abraka Axis, Southern Nigeria. INTERNATIONAL LETTERS OF NATURAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.80.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Selected persistent organochlorine pollutants, including DDT and its metabolites, hexachlorobenzene, dieldrin, Aldrin, heptachlor, HCH as well as some of their isomers were determined in water, sediment and fish samples from the Ethiope River in Southern Nigeria. Twenty organochlorine pesticides were detected in both seasons from October 2012 – September 2013. Results revealed ∑HCH to be 0.620µg/L (water), 33 ng/g (sediment) and 29.00 ng/g (fish) for the rainy season while concentrations of 0.170 µg/L (water), 14 ng/g (sediment) and 28.00 ng/g (fish) were obtained for the dry season. 0.05–0.15 ng/g for aldrin, 0.12–5.8 ng/g for dieldrin, 0.22–0.64 ng/g for endrin, 0.24–6.37 ng/g for endosulfan and 0.21–8.81 ng/g for ΣDDT (p, p` -DDD, p, p` -DDE, p, p` -DDT). Among the OCPs, ∑HCH, endosulfan and PDDT were the most dominant compounds in the river sediments. γ- HCH was the most frequent detected compound in all the samples from this river. Among the cyclodiene compounds, aldrin was in abundance in most of the sediments, water and fish samples. γ-HCH, γ-HCH and HCB contributed this highest value for the water, sediment and fish sample respectively in the rainy season while aldrin, endrin and HCB were the highest contributors to the ΣOCPs to the mean of water, sediment and fish respectively. Hazard quotient and bioaccumulation analysis carried out on the fish sample revealed that the fishes were heavily contaminated with values >1 for both seasons which possess a possibility for ecological concern.
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35
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Fu J, Fu K, Gao K, Li H, Xue Q, Chen Y, Wang L, Shi J, Fu J, Zhang Q, Zhang A, Jiang G. Occurrence and Trophic Magnification of Organophosphate Esters in an Antarctic Ecosystem: Insights into the Shift from Legacy to Emerging Pollutants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 396:122742. [PMID: 32361301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kehan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huijuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aiqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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36
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Wu J, Gao W, Liang Y, Fu J, Shi J, Lu Y, Wang Y, Jiang G. Short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins in multi-environmental matrices in the Tibetan Plateau environment of China: A regional scale study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 140:105767. [PMID: 32361576 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Research on the environmental fate and behavior of short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs and MCCPs, respectively), especially in high-altitude remote mountain areas, has rarely been conducted. In this study, the distribution and profiles of SCCPs and MCCPs in soils, barks, needles, lichens, and mosses in the Tibetan Plateau area were investigated during the period from 2010 to 2016. The total CP concentrations in soils, barks, needles, lichens, and mosses increased with increasing altitude from 1983 to 5147 m a.s.l. (above sea level), covering a range of 1843.5 km × 370.6 km. Generally, the mean SCCP levels were higher than mean MCCP levels in different environmental matrices. Moreover, as-obtained linear relationships between CP concentrations in different environmental matrices and altitudes (p < 0.05) indicated that the mountain cold-trapping could affect the presence and congener patterns of both SCCPs and MCCPs in the Tibetan Plateau environment. C10-11 and C14 congener groups were found to be the dominant groups in SCCPs and MCCPs in the environmental samples, respectively. Finally, the back-trajectory model was employed to reveal the differences of the potential sources in different regions of the Tibetan Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Jianjie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jianbo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Yao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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37
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Lewis PJ, McGrath TJ, Emmerson L, Allinson G, Shimeta J. Adélie penguin colonies as indicators of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in East Antarctica. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 250:126320. [PMID: 32126331 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
While persistent organic pollutant (POP) contamination within Antarctica is largely caused by long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT), Antarctic research bases have been shown to be local sources of POPs such as brominated flame retardants (BFRs). This study compared concentrations of seven polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) congeners and five novel flame retardants (NBFRs) found in Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) colony soils near the Australian research stations, Mawson and Davis, to assess the stations as local sources of these contaminants and provide a much needed baseline for contamination of BFRs in East Antarctica. Soil samples (n = 46) were collected from Adélie colonies at close proximity to the research stations as well as further afield during the 2016-17 austral summer. Samples were analysed using selective pressurised liquid extraction (S-PLE) and gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). PBDEs (BDE-28, -47, -99, -100, -153, -154 and -183) were detected in 45/46 samples with ∑7PBDE concentrations ranging from <0.01 to 1.63 ng/g dry weight (dw) and NBFRs (2,3,4,5,6-pentabromotoluene (PBT), 2,3,4,5,6-pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB), hexabromobenzene (HBB), 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (EH-TBB) and bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE)) detected in 20/46 samples, with a range of ∑5NBFR from not detected (ND) to 0.16 ng/g dw. Soils taken from around the Davis and Mawson research stations were more highly contaminated (n = 10) than penguin colonies (n = 27) and control areas not affiliated with breeding seabirds (n = 8). The most common congener detected was BDE-99, reflecting inputs from LRAT. However, the congener profiles of station soils supported the hypothesis that research stations are a local source of PBDEs to the Antarctic environment. In addition, the NBFR pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB) was quantified for the first time in Antarctic soils, providing essential information for baseline contamination within the region and highlighting the need for ongoing monitoring as global regulations for the use of BFRs continuously change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe J Lewis
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation (EnSuRe), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia; Australian Antarctic Division, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania, 7050, Australia.
| | - Thomas J McGrath
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation (EnSuRe), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Louise Emmerson
- Australian Antarctic Division, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania, 7050, Australia
| | - Graeme Allinson
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation (EnSuRe), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Jeff Shimeta
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation (EnSuRe), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
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Ogaki MB, Vieira R, Muniz MC, Zani CL, Alves TMA, Junior PAS, Murta SMF, Barbosa EC, Oliveira JG, Ceravolo IP, Pereira PO, Rosa CA, Rosa LH. Diversity, ecology, and bioprospecting of culturable fungi in lakes impacted by anthropogenic activities in Maritime Antarctica. Extremophiles 2020; 24:637-655. [PMID: 32533308 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-020-01183-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we accessed culturable fungal assemblages present in the sediments of three lakes potentially impacted anthropogenically in the Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica and identified 63 taxa. Cladosporium sp. 2, Pseudeurotium hygrophilum, and Pseudogymnoascus verrucosus were recovered from the sampled sediments of all lakes. High concentrations of metals and the lowest fungal diversity indices were detected in the sediments of the Central Lake, which can be influenced by human activities due to their proximity to research stations to those of the other two lakes, which were far from the Antarctic stations. At least one type of biological activity was demonstrated by 40 fungal extracts. Among these, P. hygrophilum, P. verrucosus, Penicillium glabrum, and Penicillium solitum demonstrated strong trypanocidal, herbicidal, and antifungal activities. Our results suggest that an increase of the anthropogenic activities in the region might have affected the microbial diversity and composition. In addition, the fungal diversity in these lakes may be a useful model to study the effect of anthropogenic activities in Antarctica. We isolated a diverse group of fungal taxa from Antarctic lake sediments, which have the potential to produce novel compounds for the both the medical and agriculture sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara B Ogaki
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Rosemary Vieira
- Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - Marcelo C Muniz
- Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - Carlos L Zani
- Instituto René Rachou, FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Tânia M A Alves
- Instituto René Rachou, FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Carlos A Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Luiz H Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.
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Montgomery MT, Boyd TJ, Hall NS, Paerl HW, Osburn CL. Ecosystem Capacity for Microbial Biodegradation of Munitions Compounds and Phenanthrene in Three Coastal Waterways in North Carolina, United States. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:7326-7341. [PMID: 32280874 PMCID: PMC7144167 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Munitions compounds (i.e., 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), octahy-dro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocin (HMX), and hexadydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazin (RDX), also called energetics) were originally believed to be recalcitrant to microbial biodegradation based on historical groundwater chemical attenuation data and laboratory culture work. More recently, it has been established that natural bacterial assemblages in coastal waters and sediment can rapidly metabolize these organic nitrogen sources and even incorporate their carbon and nitrogen into bacterial biomass. Here, we report on the capacity of natural microbial assemblages in three coastal North Carolina (United States) estuaries to metabolize energetics and phenanthrene (PHE), a proxy for terrestrial aromatic compounds. Microbial assemblages generally had the highest ecosystem capacity (mass of the compound mineralized per average estuarine residence time) for HMX (21-5463 kg) > RDX (1.4-5821 kg) ≫ PHE (0.29-660 kg) > TNT (0.25-451 kg). Increasing antecedent precipitation tended to decrease the ecosystem capacity to mineralize TNT in the Newport River Estuary, and PHE and TNT mineralization were often highest with increasing salinity. There was some evidence from the New River Estuary that increased N-demand (due to a phytoplankton bloom) is associated with increased energetic mineralization rates. Using this type of analysis to determine the ecosystem capacity to metabolize energetics can explain why these compounds are rarely detected in seawater and marine sediment, despite the known presence of unexploded ordnance or recent use in military training exercises. Overall, measuring the ecosystem capacity may help predict the effects of climate change (warming and altered precipitation patterns) and other perturbations on exotic compound fate and transport within ecosystems and provide critical information for managers and decision-makers to develop management strategies based on these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Montgomery
- Chemistry
Division, Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue Southwest, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
| | - Thomas J. Boyd
- Chemistry
Division, Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue Southwest, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
| | - Nathan S. Hall
- Institute
of Marine Sciences, University of North
Carolina, Morehead City, North Carolina 28557, United States
| | - Hans W. Paerl
- Institute
of Marine Sciences, University of North
Carolina, Morehead City, North Carolina 28557, United States
| | - Christopher L. Osburn
- Department
of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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Jin R, Bu D, Liu G, Zheng M, Lammel G, Fu J, Yang L, Li C, Habib A, Yang Y, Liu X. New classes of organic pollutants in the remote continental environment - Chlorinated and brominated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the Tibetan Plateau. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 137:105574. [PMID: 32078871 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are carcinogenic and ubiquitous environmental organic pollutants. The abundance and sources of these compounds have not been studied in remote environments. We collected and analyzed air, soil, lichen, and moss samples from the Tibetan Plateau. Concentrations of chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were 0.78-4.16 pg/m3 in air, 3.11-297 pg/g in soil, 260-741 pg/g in lichens, and 338-934 pg/g in mosses. Concentrations of brominated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were 0.15-0.59 pg/m3 in air, 0.61-72.3 pg/g in soil, 33.5-64.9 pg/g in lichens, and 20.5-72.5 pg/g in mosses. The dominant congeners were 9- and 2-chlorophenanthrene, 1-chloropyrene, 3-chlorofluoranthene, and 1-bromopyrene. We found correlations between congener concentrations in lichens and in air, and lichens effectively predicted near-ground atmospheric concentrations of the pollutants. The enrichment of photochemically stable compounds in high-altitude environments is influenced by their physicochemical properties. Principal component analysis with multivariate linear regression of chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons measured in lichens provided an assessment of the relative source contributions, and suggested that in Medog County of Tibetan Plateau, 48% was likely from long-range combustion sources, 26% was from local burning sources, and 26% was from photochemical formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China; Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Duo Bu
- Department of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
| | - Guorui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China.
| | - Minghui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Gerhard Lammel
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jianjie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Lili Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Cui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ahsan Habib
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Yuanping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
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Cao X, Wang L, Zhang Y, Li Y, Zhu C, Zheng X, Sun Y, Li D, Mo L, Mai B. Occurrence of organic pollutants in plastics on beach: Stranded foams can be sources of pollutants in islands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 707:136119. [PMID: 31869616 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Increasing amount of plastic debris stranded on beach can introduce many foreign substances, including organic pollutants into island ecosystems. In the present study, stranded foams were collected from an island located in South China Sea, to investigate the levels and profiles of several flame retardants (FRs) and plasticizers, including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), organophosphate esters (OPEs), emerging brominated FRs, and dechlorane plus (DP). The concentrations of PBDEs and OPEs in plastic debris ranged from not detected (ND, <0.60 ng/g) to 0.46 mg/g and from ND (<0.70 ng/g) to 17.3 mg/g, respectively. The high levels of PBDEs and OPEs were expected as the fact that PBDEs and OPEs were incorporated additives in plastics. OPEs were the main chemicals in most of foams. Brominated FRs dominated in some samples. Core and surface parts in foams had similar composition profiles of pollutants. Significantly higher concentrations of tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) were observed in surface samples than core samples (p < .05). TCEP and TPHP in foam surface seem to be from both incorporated additives and adsorbed chemicals from environmental matrices. The density of pollutants introduced by stranded foams in sampling area was estimated in comparison with air deposition of pollutants. The high loading of pollutants in stranded foams indicates that foams can be potential sources for organic pollutants, especially incorporated plastic additives, in islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingpei Cao
- College of Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Scientific Institute of Pearl River Water Resources Protection, Monitoring Center of Pearl River Valley Aquatic Environment, Guangzhou 510611, China
| | - Yi Li
- Scientific Institute of Pearl River Water Resources Protection, Monitoring Center of Pearl River Valley Aquatic Environment, Guangzhou 510611, China
| | - Chunyou Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaobo Zheng
- College of Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Yuxin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Daning Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Ling Mo
- Hainan Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Haikou 510100, China
| | - Bixian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Potapowicz J, Szumińska D, Szopińska M, Bialik RJ, Machowiak K, Chmiel S, Polkowska Ż. Seashore sediment and water chemistry at the Admiralty Bay (King George Island, Maritime Antarctica) - Geochemical analysis and correlations between the concentrations of chemical species. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 152:110888. [PMID: 32479278 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.110888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study covers water and sediment chemical characteristics by the western shore of Admiralty Bay (King George Island, Antarctica) in 2016. Chemical processes between sediment and water have been described based on the determination of ions, metals, non-metals, and TOC concentrations. Rock weathering is an important source of Fe, Ni, Co, Al in the seashore area. The PCA shows the impact of acidification in the release metals from sediment. Our results indicate that riverine mineral fluxes need to be accounted for as the volume of melt increases in response to climate change. Based on geoaccumulation indexes (anthropogenic fingerprint), we observed an increased concentration of Pb (Igeo = 1.643), in the lake near station facilities and Cd in the area of Ecology Glacier (Igeo > 1.389). Taking into account climate change and the intensification of anthropopressure, our study indicates that Antarctica requires a special focus on the seasonal dynamics of mineral content and pollution assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Potapowicz
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk 80-233, Poland.
| | - Danuta Szumińska
- Kazimierz Wielki University, Institute of Geography, Kościelecki Sq 8, 85-033, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szopińska
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Water and Waste Water Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk 80-233, Poland
| | - Robert Józef Bialik
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Science, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Machowiak
- Poznań University of Technology, Institute of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 5 Piotrowo, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
| | - Stanisław Chmiel
- Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 2 C-D Kraśnicka Ave., Lublin 20-718, Poland
| | - Żaneta Polkowska
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk 80-233, Poland.
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Musa Bandowe BA, Wei C, Han Y, Cao J, Zhan C, Wilcke W. Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs, oxygenated PAHs, nitrated PAHs and azaarenes) in soils from China and their relationship with geographic location, land use and soil carbon fractions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 690:1268-1276. [PMID: 31470489 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of risks arising from polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs), particularly from the polar PACs [azaarenes (AZAs), oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs), nitrated PAHs (NPAHs)] requires us to understand the drivers of their spatial distribution. We determined the concentrations of 29 PAHs, 4 AZAs, 15 OPAHs and 11 NPAHs and their relationships with land use (urban vs. rural and forest vs. agriculture), climate (Qinghai-Tibetan plateau, temperate, sub tropical and tropical) and three C fractions (soil organic C, char, soot) in 36 mineral topsoils (0-5 cm) of China. The average concentrations±standard deviation of the Σ29PAHs, Σ16PAHs, Σ4AZAs, Σ15OPAHs and Σ11NPAHs were 352 ± 283, 206 ± 215, 5.7 ± 3.7, 108 ± 66.8 and 3.2 ± 3.4 ng g-1, respectively. PAH, OPAH, NPAH and AZA concentrations were frequently not correlated within or across the regions reflecting different sources and turnover of PAHs and their derivatives. Temperate urban soils showed the highest and tropical rural soils the lowest concentrations of PACs. Forest soils had higher PACs concentrations than agricultural soils. Longitude correlated positively with the ∑29PAHs concentrations, because of increasing emissions of PAHs from East to West. The tropical and plateau regions with the lowest PAH concentrations, were dominated by low molecular weight PAHs (LMW-PAHs) with LMW/high molecular weight (HMW)-PAHs ratios >1, while the other two climatic regions with more industrial sites showed the opposite. Latitude correlated with NPAHs likely because of enhanced formation by photochemical reactions during transport in the atmosphere. The concentrations of the ∑29PAHs, ∑4AZAs, ∑15OPAHs, ∑11NPAHs and their individual components were only occasionally correlated with those of carbon fractions (soil organic C, soot and char) suggesting a small role of soil C pool properties in driving PACs concentrations. Our results demonstrate that the strongest drivers of PACs concentrations are land use and distance to PAC emission sources followed by climate and size and properties of the soil organic C pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Musa Bandowe
- Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Reinhard-Baumeister-Platz 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Chong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics (KLACP), State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Shanghai Carbon Data Research Center (SCDRC), CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Yongming Han
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics (KLACP), State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Junji Cao
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics (KLACP), State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Changlin Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics (KLACP), State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Environmental Science and Engineering College, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China
| | - Wolfgang Wilcke
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics (KLACP), State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China.
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Limnology and Aquatic Microbial Ecology of Byers Peninsula: A Main Freshwater Biodiversity Hotspot in Maritime Antarctica. DIVERSITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/d11100201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Here we present a comprehensive review of the diversity revealed by research in limnology and microbial ecology conducted in Byers Peninsula (Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica) during the last two decades. The site constitutes one of the largest ice-free areas within the Antarctic Peninsula region. Since it has a high level of environmental protection, it is less human-impacted compared to other sites within the South Shetland archipelago. The main investigations in Byers Peninsula focused on the physical and chemical limnology of the lakes, ponds, rivers, and wetlands, as well as on the structure of their planktonic and benthic microbial communities, and on the functional ecology of the microbial food webs. Lakes and ponds in Byers range along a productivity gradient that extends from the less productive lakes located upland to the eutrophic coastal lakes. Their planktonic assemblages include viruses, bacteria, a metabolically diverse community of protists (i.e., autotrophs, heterotrophs, and mixotrophs), and a few metazooplankton species. Most of the studies conducted in the site demonstrate the strong influence of the physical environment (i.e., temperature, availability of light, and water) and nutrient availability in structuring these microbial communities. However, top-down biotic processes may occur in summer, when predation by zooplankton can exert a strong influence on the abundance of protists, including flagellates and ciliated protozoa. As a consequence, bacterioplankton could be partly released from the grazing pressure exerted by these protists, and proliferates fueled by external nutrient subsidies from the lake’s catchment. As summer temperatures in this region are slightly above the melting point of water, biotic processes, such as those related to the productivity of lakes during ice-free periods, could become even more relevant as warming induced by climate change progresses. The limnological research carried out at the site proves that Byers Peninsula deserves special attention in the framework of the research in extreme environments. Together with nearby sites, such as Signy Island, Byers Peninsula comprises a featuring element of the Maritime Antarctic region that represents a benchmark area relative to the global distribution and diversity of aquatic microorganisms.
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Casal P, Casas G, Vila-Costa M, Cabrerizo A, Pizarro M, Jiménez B, Dachs J. Snow Amplification of Persistent Organic Pollutants at Coastal Antarctica. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:8872-8882. [PMID: 31298532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Many legacy and emerging persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have been reported in polar regions, and act as sentinels of global pollution. Maritime Antarctica is recipient of abundant snow precipitation. Snow scavenges air pollutants, and after snow melting, it can induce an unquantified and poorly understood amplification of concentrations of POPs. Air, snow, the fugacity in soils and snow, seawater and plankton were sampled concurrently from late spring to late summer at Livingston Island (Antarctica). Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) concentrations in snow and air were close to equilibrium. POPs in soils showed concentrations close to soil-air equilibrium or net volatilization depending on chemical volatility. Seawater-air fugacity ratios were highly correlated with the product of the snow-air partition coefficient and the Henry's law constant (KSA H'), a measure of snow amplification of fugacity. Therefore, coastal seawater mirrored the PCB congener profile and increased concentrations in snowmelt due to snowpack releasing POPs to seawater. The influence of snowpack and glacier inputs was further evidenced by the correlation between net volatilization fluxes of PCBs and seawater salinity. A meta-analysis of KSA, estimated as the ratio of POP concentrations in snow and air from previously reported simultaneous field measurements, showed that snow amplification is relevant for diverse families of POPs, independent of their volatility. We claim that the potential impact of atmospheric pollution on aquatic ecosystems has been under-predicted by only considering air-water partitioning, as snow amplification influences, and may even control, the POP occurrence in cold environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Casal
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC) , Barcelona , Catalonia 08034 , Spain
| | - Gemma Casas
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC) , Barcelona , Catalonia 08034 , Spain
| | - Maria Vila-Costa
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC) , Barcelona , Catalonia 08034 , Spain
| | - Ana Cabrerizo
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC) , Barcelona , Catalonia 08034 , Spain
| | - Mariana Pizarro
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC) , Barcelona , Catalonia 08034 , Spain
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry , Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC) , Madrid 28006 , Spain
| | - Jordi Dachs
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC) , Barcelona , Catalonia 08034 , Spain
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46
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Bhardwaj L, Sharma S, Ranjan A, Jindal T. Persistent organic pollutants in lakes of Broknes peninsula at Larsemann Hills area, East Antarctica. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 28:589-596. [PMID: 31044329 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02045-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activity in East Antarctica has increased since the last 2-3 decades because of various scientific expeditions. Additionally, global pollution due to various newly introduced pollutants like pesticides is on use since the past century and many factors contribute to contamination even in Antarctica. During thirty fourth Indian Scientific Expedition to Antarctica (ISEA) in austral summer of 2014-2015, fifteen lake water samples were collected from five different lakes at Broknes peninsula, Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica. Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) residue levels found in lake water samples varied from 10.33-70.00 pg/mL in five different lakes. Presence of p,p'-DDT was detected in all different lakes but high concentration found in P4 lake water. After study confirms that Broknes peninsula in the Larsemann Hills area, East Antarctica has a trace amount of POPs which is an alarming situation and needs to be investigated further to maintain the pristine environment in Antarctica. The presence of POPs may be attributed to orographic effects, migratory birds, biomagnification and anthropogenic sources. In the future, new emerging pollutants must be analyzed like microplastics, phthalate, Paraxanthene etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxmikant Bhardwaj
- Amity Centre for Antarctic Research and Studies (ACARS) and Amity Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Safety and Management (AIETSM), Sector-125, Amity University, Noida, UP, India.
| | | | - Anuj Ranjan
- Amity Centre for Antarctic Research and Studies (ACARS) and Amity Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Safety and Management (AIETSM), Sector-125, Amity University, Noida, UP, India
| | - Tanu Jindal
- Amity Centre for Antarctic Research and Studies (ACARS) and Amity Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Safety and Management (AIETSM), Sector-125, Amity University, Noida, UP, India
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Szopińska M, Szumińska D, Bialik RJ, Dymerski T, Rosenberg E, Polkowska Ż. Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and other organic pollutants in freshwaters on the western shore of Admiralty Bay (King George Island, Maritime Antarctica). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:18143-18161. [PMID: 31037533 PMCID: PMC6570687 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05045-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Organic contamination in freshwater samples has never been investigated at the western shore of Admiralty Bay. Therefore, the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in five different sites distributed along a shore running from the Arctowski Station to the Baranowski Glacier was studied. Moreover, organic compounds such as n-alkanes, toluene and ethylbenzene were also noted. Increased ΣPAHs in late Austral summer 2016 are the result of long-range atmospheric transport of air masses from South America, confirmed by 10-day backward air mass trajectories analysis. The presence of n-alkanes and other hydrocarbons, as well as the evaluation of PAH indices (e.g. ΣLMW/ΣHMW* > 1), shows the use of fuel and indicate local human activity. As a final conclusion, our analysis indicates a mixed origin of PAHs (global and local). The presence of PAHs and other hydrocarbons in the water environment may constitute a potentially negative effect on the Antarctic ecosystem and it should be investigated in detail during further research (//*ΣLMW-sum of low molecular weight PAHs (two- and three-ring PAHs); ΣHMW-sum of high molecular weight PAHs (four- and five-ring PAHs)//). Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Szopińska
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Water and Waste Water Technology, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Danuta Szumińska
- Institute of Geography, Kazimierz Wielki University, 8 Kościelecki Sq., 85-033, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Robert Józef Bialik
- Polish Academy of Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Dymerski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Erwin Rosenberg
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164 AC, A-1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Żaneta Polkowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Wang X, Wang C, Zhu T, Gong P, Fu J, Cong Z. Persistent organic pollutants in the polar regions and the Tibetan Plateau: A review of current knowledge and future prospects. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 248:191-208. [PMID: 30784838 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Due to their low temperatures, the Arctic, Antarctic and Tibetan Plateau are known as the three polar regions of the Earth. As the most remote regions of the globe, the occurrence of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in these polar regions arouses global concern. In this paper, we review the literatures on POPs involving these three polar regions. Overall, concentrations of POPs in the environment (air, water, soil and biota) have been extensively reported, with higher levels of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) detected on the Tibetan Plateau. The spatial distribution of POPs in air, water and soil in the three polar regions broadly reflects their distances away from source regions. Based on long-term data, decreasing trends have been observed for most "legacy POPs". Observations of transport processes of POPs among multiple media have also been carried out, including air-water gas exchange, air-soil gas exchange, emissions from melting glaciers, bioaccumulations along food chains, and exposure risks. The impact of climate change on these processes possibly enhances the re-emission processes of POPs out of water, soil and glaciers, and reduces the bioaccumulation of POPs in food chains. Global POPs transport model have shown the Arctic receives a relatively small fraction of POPs, but that climate change will likely increase the total mass of all compounds in this polar region. Considering the impact of climate change on POPs is still unclear, long-term monitoring data and global/regional models are required, especially in the Antarctic and on the Tibetan Plateau, and the fate of POPs in all three polar regions needs to be comprehensively studied and compared to yield a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the global cycling of POPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Chuanfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ping Gong
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jianjie Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Zhiyuan Cong
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Domínguez-Morueco N, Ratola N, Sierra J, Nadal M, Jiménez-Guerrero P. Combining monitoring and modelling approaches for BaP characterization over a petrochemical area. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 658:424-438. [PMID: 30579200 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, air concentrations of BaP in two different seasons (winter 2015 and summer 2016) and BaP levels in ground vegetation from Tarragona County were used as control simulations performed with the WRF-CHIMERE air quality modelling system, in order to reproduce the incidence of that hazardous chemical in air and soils. The CTM was validated for the present climatology, showing a good ability to represent air and soil concentrations of BaP over the target domain (petrochemical, chemical, urban and background sites), particularly in the winter. Then, the variation of the BaP concentrations in air and soils were simulated for the time series 1996-2015 and for the climate change scenario RCP8.5 (2031-2050). While an increase is projected for the levels in air, particularly in chemical and remote sites where the variation can go up to 10%, in terms of soil deposition the findings are the opposite, with an evident decrease in soil BaP concentrations, particularly for background sites. Finally, a potential health effect of BaP for the local population (lung cancer) was assessed. Although according to the projections the EU threshold for BaP atmospheric incidence (1 ng m-3) will not be reached by 2050, there will be an increase in the life-time risk of lung cancer, particularly in the most populated areas within the simulation domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Domínguez-Morueco
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Nuno Ratola
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jordi Sierra
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; Laboratory of Soil Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda Joan XXIII s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Martí Nadal
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pedro Jiménez-Guerrero
- Physics of the Earth, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Campus de Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain.
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Antarctic Studies Show Lichens to be Excellent Biomonitors of Climate Change. DIVERSITY-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/d11030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Lichens have been used as biomonitors for multiple purposes. They are well-known as air pollution indicators around urban and industrial centers. More recently, several attempts have been made to use lichens as monitors of climate change especially in alpine and polar regions. In this paper, we review the value of saxicolous lichens for monitoring environmental changes in Antarctic regions. The pristine Antarctica offers a unique opportunity to study the effects of climate change along a latitudinal gradient that extends between 62° and 87° S. Both lichen species diversity and thallus growth rate seem to show significant correlations to mean annual temperature for gradients across the continent as well as to short time climate oscillation in the Antarctic Peninsula. Competition interactions appear to be small so that individual thalli develop in balance with environmental conditions and, as a result, can indicate the trends in productivity for discrete time intervals over long periods of time.
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