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Wallenborn JT, Hyland C, Sagiv SK, Kogut KR, Bradman A, Eskenazi B. Prenatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) and child neurodevelopment: The role of breastfeeding duration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:171202. [PMID: 38408669 PMCID: PMC11070443 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal and early-life exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) is associated with detrimental and irreversible neurodevelopmental health outcomes during childhood. Breastfeeding may be a child's largest sustained exposure to PBDE- potentially exacerbating their risk for adverse neurodevelopment outcomes. However, breastfeeding has also been associated with positive neurodevelopment. Our study investigates if breastfeeding mitigates or exacerbates the known adverse effects of prenatal exposure to PBDEs and child neurodevelopment. METHODS Participants included 321 mother-infant dyads from the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS), a longitudinal birth cohort in California. PBDE concentrations were measured in maternal serum blood samples collected during pregnancy or at delivery. Using generalized estimated equations (GEE), we estimated associations of PBDE concentrations with children's attention, executive function, and cognitive scores assessed longitudinally between 7 and 12 years of age, stratified by duration of exclusive and complementary breastfeeding. RESULTS We observed that higher maternal prenatal PBDE concentrations were associated with poorer executive function among children who were complementary breastfed for a shorter duration compared to children breastfed for a longer duration; preservative errors (β for 10-fold increase in complementary breastfeeding <7 months = -6.6; 95 % Confidence Interval (CI): -11.4, -1.8; β ≥ 7 months = -5.1; 95 % CI: -10.2, 0.1) and global executive composition (β for 10-fold increase <7 months = 4.3; 95 % CI: 0.4, 8.2; β for 10-fold increase ≥7 months = 0.6; 95 % CI: -2.8, 3.9). CONCLUSIONS Prolonged breastfeeding does not exacerbate but may mitigate some previously observed negative associations of prenatal PBDE exposure and child neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordyn T Wallenborn
- Center of Excellence for Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Carly Hyland
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sharon K Sagiv
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Katherine R Kogut
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Asa Bradman
- Department of Public Health, School of Social Sciences, Humanities, and Arts, University of California, Merced, USA
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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2
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Martinez G, Zhu J, Takser L, Baccarelli AA, Bellenger JP. Indoor environment, physiological factors, and diet as predictors of halogenated flame retardant levels in stool and plasma of children from a Canadian cohort. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141443. [PMID: 38346512 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) has been associated with various adverse effects on human health. Human exposure to HFRs mainly occurs through diet, ingesting contaminated dust, and inhaling contaminated air. Understanding and characterizing the variables linked to these exposure pathways is essential for developing effective risk assessment and mitigation strategies. We investigated indoor environment quality, physiological factors, and diet as potential predictors of HFRs concentration in children's plasma and stool. A selected number of HFRs, including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), Dechlorane-like compounds, and emerging halogenated flame retardants, were measured in children from eastern Quebec (Canada). Information on indoor environment quality, physiological factors, and diet was obtained through self-report questionnaires. Our results show that lower brominated compounds, which are more volatile, were primarily correlated to indoor environment quality. Notably, the use of air purifiers was associated with lower BDE47 and BDE100 levels in blood and newer residential buildings were associated with higher concentrations of BDE47. A significant seasonal variation was found in stool samples, with higher levels of lower brominated PBDEs (BDE47 and BDE100) in samples collected during summer. No association between household income or maternal education degree and HFRs was found. Among emerging compounds, Dec602 and Dec603 were associated with the most variables, including the use of air dehumidifiers, air conditioning, and air purifiers, and the child's age and body fat percentage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Martinez
- Département de chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Jiping Zhu
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Larissa Takser
- Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Jean-Philippe Bellenger
- Département de chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
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3
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Lan Y, Gao X, Xu H, Li M. 20 years of polybrominated diphenyl ethers on toxicity assessments. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 249:121007. [PMID: 38096726 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.121007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) serve as brominated flame retardants which continue to receive considerable attention because of their persistence, bioaccumulation, and potential toxicity. Although PBDEs have been restricted and phased out, large amounts of commercial products containing PBDEs are still in use and discarded annually. Consequently, PBDEs added to products can be released into our surrounding environments, particularly in aquatic systems, thus posing great risks to human health. Many studies and reviews have described the possible toxic effects of PBDEs, while few studies have comprehensively summarized and analyzed the global trends of their toxicity assessment. Therefore, this study utilizes bibliometrics to evaluate the worldwide scientific output of PBDE toxicity and analyze the hotspots and future trends of this field. Firstly, the basic information including the most contributing countries/institutions, journals, co-citations, influential authors, and keywords involved in PBDE toxicity assessment will be visualized. Subsequently, the potential toxicity of PBDE exposure to diverse systems, such as endocrine, reproductive, neural, and gastrointestinal tract systems, and related toxic mechanisms will be discussed. Finally, we conclude this review by outlining the current challenges and future perspectives in environmentally relevant PBDE exposure, potential carriers for PBDE transport, the fate of PBDEs in the environment and human bodies, advanced stem cell-derived organoid models for toxicity assessment, and promising omics technologies for obtaining toxic mechanisms. This review is expected to offer systematical insights into PBDE toxicity assessments and facilitate the development of PBDE-based research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Lan
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xue Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Haiwei Xu
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Minghui Li
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
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4
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Fernandes VC, Domingues VF, Nunes MS, Matos R, Kuźniarska-Biernacka I, Fernandes DM, Guerrero-Ruiz A, Ramos IR, Freire C, Delerue-Matos C. Graphene-Type Materials for the Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction Step in the QuEChERS Method for the Extraction of Brominated Flame Retardants from Capsicum Cultivars. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:3898-3905. [PMID: 36792986 PMCID: PMC9983006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A new application of graphene-type materials as an alternative cleanup sorbent in a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) procedure combined with GC-ECD/GC-MS/GC-MS/MS detection was successfully used for the simultaneous analysis of 12 brominated flame retardants in Capsicum cultivar samples. The chemical, structural, and morphological properties of the graphene-type materials were evaluated. The materials exhibited good adsorption capability of matrix interferents without compromising the extraction efficiency of target analytes when compared with other cleanups using commercial sorbents. Under optimal conditions, excellent recoveries were obtained, ranging from 90 to 108% with relative standard deviations of <14%. The developed method showed good linearity with a correlation coefficient above 0.9927, and the limits of quantification were in the range of 0.35-0.82 μg/kg. The developed QuEChERS procedure using reduced graphite oxide (rGO) combined with GC/MS was successfully applied in 20 samples, and the pentabromotoluene residues were quantified in two samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgínia Cruz Fernandes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV,
Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr° António Bernardino de Almeida,
431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Valentina F. Domingues
- REQUIMTE/LAQV,
Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr° António Bernardino de Almeida,
431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta S. Nunes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV,
Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Renata Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV,
Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Iwona Kuźniarska-Biernacka
- REQUIMTE/LAQV,
Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana M. Fernandes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV,
Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Antonio Guerrero-Ruiz
- Dpto.
Química Inorgánica y Técnica, Facultad de Ciencias UNED, Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Freire
- REQUIMTE/LAQV,
Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV,
Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr° António Bernardino de Almeida,
431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
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5
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Zhang Q, Peng J, Huang A, Zheng S, Shi X, Li B, Huang W, Tan W, Wang X, Wu K. Associations between polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) levels in adipose tissues and blood lipids in women of Shantou, China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:114096. [PMID: 35973458 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Animal studies have indicated that exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) during development can permanently affect blood/liver lipid balance. However, no epidemiological study has assessed the relationship between PBDEs in adipose tissues and blood lipid metabolism. In this study, we explored the associations between PBDEs levels in female adipose tissues and lipid profiles. We recruited 150 female patients undergoing plastic surgery from hospital in Shantou, China, collected their characteristics, clinical information, and adipose tissue samples. Fourteen PBDE congeners in adipose tissues were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Multiple linear and logistic regression models were used to explore the relationships between PBDEs and lipid profiles, while restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models were used to evaluate the nonlinearity of mixtures. Median levels of ΣPBDEs and dominant congeners BDE-153, -209, and -183 in adipose tissues were 73.91, 26.12, 14.10 and 9.01 ng/g lipid, respectively. In the multiple linear model, BDE-153 and BDE-209 were negatively associated with triglycerides (TG), similarly for BDE-190 and total cholesterol (TC). While in the adjusted logistic models, BDE-138 was negatively associated with TC (OR = 0.76, 95%CI: 0.58, 0.99) and total lipids (TL) (OR = 0.76, 95%CI: 0.58, 0.99). Diastolic blood pressure was positively correlated with BDE-28 and BDE-71 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, a non-linear relationship was observed in BDE-138 and blood lipid levels using a RCS model (Pnonlinearity<0.05). BKMR analysis indicated that with the cumulative levels across PBDEs increased, the health risks of hypertriglyceridemia gradually rebounded, and the health risks of hypercholesterolemia and high total lipid gradually rebounded and then declined, but without statistical significance. PBDEs pollution was still prevalent in Shantou city, and several PBDE congeners were significant risk factors for dyslipidemia and blood pressure alteration. There exist deleterious effects of PBDEs and blood lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiajun Peng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Anyan Huang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Shukai Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoling Shi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Boyu Li
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenlong Huang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Kusheng Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
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6
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Zhao X, Yang X, Du Y, Li R, Zhou T, Wang Y, Chen T, Wang D, Shi Z. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in serum from residents living in a brominated flame retardant production area: Occurrence, influencing factors, and relationships with thyroid and liver function. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 270:116046. [PMID: 33333402 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been used as flame retardants (FRs) in China for decades, even after they were identified as persistent organic pollutants. In this study, serum samples were collected from 172 adults without occupational exposure who were residents of a well-known FR production region (Laizhou Bay, north China), and PBDE congeners were measured to assess their occurrence, congener profile and influencing factors in serum. Moreover, the relationships between serum concentrations of PBDEs and thyroid/liver function indicators were analyzed to evaluate whether human exposure to PBDEs would lead to thyroid/liver injury. All 8 PBDE congeners were detected at higher frequencies and serum concentrations than those found in general populations. The median levels of ∑PBDEs, BDE-209 and ∑3-7PBDEs (sum of tri-to hepta-BDEs) were 64.5, 56.9 and 7.2 ng/g lw (lipid weight), respectively, which indicated that deca-BDE was the primarily produced PBDE in Laizhou Bay and that the lower brominated BDEs were still ubiquitous in the environment. Gender was a primary influencing factor for some BDE congeners in serum; their levels in female serum samples were significantly lower than those in male serum samples. Serum PBDE levels showed a downward trend with increased body mass index (BMI), which might reflect the increasing serum lipid contents. Serum levels of some BDE congeners were significantly positively correlated with certain thyroid hormones and antibodies, including free triiodothyronine (fT3), total triiodothyronine (tT3), total thyroxine (tT4) and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab). Levels of some congeners were significantly negatively correlated with some types of serum lipid, including cholesterol (CHOL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and total triglyceride (TG). Other than serum lipids, only two liver function indicators, total protein (TP) and direct bilirubin (DBIL), were significantly correlated with certain BDE congeners (BDE-100 and BDE-154). Our results provide new evidence on the thyroid-disrupting and hepatotoxic effects of PBDEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhen Zhao
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiaodi Yang
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yinglin Du
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Renbo Li
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Tian Chen
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Dejun Wang
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhixiong Shi
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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7
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Varshavsky JR, Sen S, Robinson JF, Smith SC, Frankenfield J, Wang Y, Yeh G, Park JS, Fisher SJ, Woodruff TJ. Racial/ethnic and geographic differences in polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) levels across maternal, placental, and fetal tissues during mid-gestation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12247. [PMID: 32699379 PMCID: PMC7376153 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69067-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) exposures are a public health concern due to their persistence and potential for reproductive and developmental harm. However, we have little information about the extent of fetal exposures during critical developmental periods and the variation in exposures for groups that may be more highly exposed, such as communities of color and lower socioeconomic status (SES). To characterize maternal-fetal PBDE exposures among potentially vulnerable groups, PBDE levels were examined in the largest sample of matched maternal serum, placenta, and fetal liver tissues during mid-gestation among a geographically, racially/ethnically, and socially diverse population of pregnant women from Northern California and the Central Valley (n = 180; 2014-16). Maternal-fetal PBDE levels were compared to population characteristics using censored Kendall's tau correlation and linear regression. PBDEs were commonly detected in all biomatrices. Before lipid adjustment, wet-weight levels of all four PBDE congeners were highest in the fetal liver (p < 0.001), whereas median PBDE levels were significantly higher in maternal serum than in the fetal liver or placenta after lipid-adjustment (p < 0.001). We also found evidence of racial/ethnic disparities in PBDE exposures (Non-Hispanic Black > Latina/Hispanic > Non-Hispanic White > Asian/Pacific Islander/Other; p < 0.01), with higher levels of BDE-100 and BDE-153 among non-Hispanic Black women compared to the referent group (Latina/Hispanic women). In addition, participants living in Fresno/South Central Valley had 34% (95% CI: - 2.4 to 84%, p = 0.07) higher wet-weight levels of BDE-47 than residents living in the San Francisco Bay Area. PBDEs are widely detected and differentially distributed in maternal-fetal compartments. Non-Hispanic Black pregnant women and women from Southern Central Valley geographical populations may be more highly exposed to PBDEs. Further research is needed to identify sources that may be contributing to differential exposures and associated health risks among these vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia R Varshavsky
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, Mailstop 0132, 550 16th Street, 7th Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Saunak Sen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 66 North Pauline St, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Joshua F Robinson
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, Mailstop 0132, 550 16th Street, 7th Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Center for Reproductive Sciences and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Sabrina Crispo Smith
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, 700 Heinz Ave # 200, Berkeley, CA, 94710, USA
| | - Julie Frankenfield
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, 700 Heinz Ave # 200, Berkeley, CA, 94710, USA
| | - Yunzhu Wang
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, 700 Heinz Ave # 200, Berkeley, CA, 94710, USA
| | - Greg Yeh
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, 700 Heinz Ave # 200, Berkeley, CA, 94710, USA
| | - June-Soo Park
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, 700 Heinz Ave # 200, Berkeley, CA, 94710, USA
| | - Susan J Fisher
- Center for Reproductive Sciences and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Tracey J Woodruff
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, Mailstop 0132, 550 16th Street, 7th Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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8
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Gao H, Li P, Liu L, Yang K, Xiao B, Zhou G, Tian Z, Luo C, Xia T, Dong L, Zhao Q, Wang A, Zhang S. Perigestational low-dose BDE-47 exposure alters maternal serum metabolome and results in sex-specific weight gain in adult offspring. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 233:174-182. [PMID: 31173955 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests environmental contaminant exposures during critical windows of development may contribute to the increasing prevalence of obesity. It has been shown that early life polybrominated diphenyl ethers exposures have critical impacts on child weight trajectories, however, little is known about their maternal mechanisms responsible for offspring obesity development. In this study, we investigated the effects of perigestational low-dose 2, 2', 4, 4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) exposure on maternal metabolome, and its possible link to adult offspring bodyweight changes. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to daily doses of 0.1, or 1 mg/kg BDE-47 from 10 days prior to conception until offspring were weaned on postnatal day 21, and then a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry based metabolomics analysis was used to uncover the global metabolic response in dams. The pups continued to grow into adulthood for measurements of bodyweight. Perigestational BDE-47 exposure caused increased adult bodyweight in male but not in female offspring and dams. Metabolomics revealed significant changes in maternal serum metabolites that clearly distinguish BDE-47 from control rats. These differentially expressed metabolites were primarily implicated in amino acid, lipid, carbohydrate, and energy metabolisms, which was confirmed by pathway analysis. Importantly, most of these identified metabolites were decreased, a state similar to maternal malnutrition that can predispose adult male offspring to weight increase and adiposity in a postnatal environment with abundant calories. Collectively, our data suggest that perigestational exposure to low-dose BDE-47 produces altered maternal serum metabolome, which may be an additional contributing factor to weight gain in adult male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Pei Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Luming Liu
- Department of Medical Records and Statistics, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Kaichao Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Boya Xiao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Guoyu Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Zhiyuan Tian
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chen Luo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Tao Xia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Lixin Dong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Aiguo Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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9
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Kim J, Staedelin L, Takser L, Abdelouahab N, Zhu J. Assessment of selected chlorinated and brominated flame retardants in human plasma samples among co-residing family members. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:1035-1041. [PMID: 31252100 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Three hexachloronorbornene-based flame retardants and five polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were measured in 414 human plasma samples, (169 from children, 167 from mothers, and 78 from fathers), collected from 200 families between 2014 and 2016. The median concentration of ∑PBDEs (sum of BDE-47, -99, -100, -153 and -183) was 13.2 ng/g lipid for child, 9.03 ng/g lipid for mother and 12.7 ng/g lipid for father, respectively. Among the hexachloronorbornene-based flame retardants, Dec 602 was the most frequently detected chemical. Significant and positive correlations between the concentrations of PBDE congeners as well as between Dec 602 and Dec 603 were observed. Concentrations of PBDE congeners also showed significant and positive correlations in paired samples from family members (child-mother-father), while Dec 602 was the only hexachloronorbornene-based flame retardant whose concentrations correlated between family members, and only in mother-father paired samples. This is the largest study to date focusing on measuring and correlating HRFs in children and their parents living in the same household. The results convey important information on human exposure to measured HFRs, which can help researchers and regulators more clearly understand the influence of diet and the home environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongchul Kim
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 50 Colombine Driveway, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyojadong, Namgu, Pohang, Kyungbuk, 790-784, South Korea
| | - Luc Staedelin
- Department de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Larissa Takser
- Department de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Nadia Abdelouahab
- Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Jiping Zhu
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 50 Colombine Driveway, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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10
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Ghimire A, Dela Cruz ALN, Wong R, Navasumrit P, Cormier S, Lomnicki SM. Polybrominated Diphenylethers (PBDEs) in ambient air samples at the electronic waste (e-waste) reclamation site. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 1:79-89. [PMID: 33134850 DOI: 10.1007/s42768-019-00002-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Polybrominated Diphenylethers (PBDEs) were used as flame-retardants in various building materials, plastic and other polymers, airplanes, electronics etc. All or some of their congeners have been already banned in many countries, due to their persistency and adverse health effects. In this study, we are focusing on the e-wastes as a source of emission of PBDEs in ambient air during reclamation processes. The ambient air particulate matter (PM) samples were collected at and near e-waste reclamation site in Bangkok, Thailand. Results showed the presence of various homologues viz: tri, tetra, penta, hexa, and hepta-PBDEs on both PM2.5 and Total Suspended Particle (TSP) samples. The comparison of samples as a function of distance from reclamation site indicated elevated levels of PBDEs in the close proximity to e-waste site. Interestingly, a shift in the congener pattern was observed with lower brominated PBDEs being more prevalent on nearby off-site samples as compared to the PM collected at the e-waste site. The total penta-PBDEs concentration is about double on e-waste site PM2.5 compared to control site samples. For TSP, tetra, penta, and hepta-PBDEs congeners are at higher concentrations at e-waste sites and its vicinity compared to reference sites. Overall, a clear trend can be observed indicating a debromination of PBDEs to more toxic tri and tetra congeners during reclamation process and PBDEs are being translocated from treated materials to ambient air PM. BDE 30 congener is identified as a specific marker of thermal reclamation processes of e-wastes as a most stable degradation product. This work indicates potential hazards related to the reclamation of e-wastes and remediation of sites containing PBDEs. In particular, thermal treatment methods can lead to congener transformation and increased emissions of more toxic lower-brominated congeners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Ghimire
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Louisiana State University A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Albert Leo N Dela Cruz
- Department of Environmental Services, City of Baton Rouge, 345 Chippewa St., Baton Rouge, LA 70805
| | - Roberto Wong
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Louisiana State University A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Panida Navasumrit
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Stephania Cormier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Slawomir M Lomnicki
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Louisiana State University A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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11
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Ganci AP, Vane CH, Abdallah MAE, Moehring T, Harrad S. Legacy PBDEs and NBFRs in sediments of the tidal River Thames using liquid chromatography coupled to a high resolution accurate mass Orbitrap mass spectrometer. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 658:1355-1366. [PMID: 30677996 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Surface sediment samples (n = 45) were collected along a 110 km transect of the river Thames in October 2011, starting from Teddington Lock out through the industrial area of London to the southern North Sea. Several legacy and novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) were analysed, including 13 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) (congeners 17, 28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, 183, 196, 197, 206, 207 and 209), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDDs), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), hexabromobenzene (HBB), 2,4,6-tribromophenol (TBP), 2-ethylhexyl 2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (EH-TBB or TBB), bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate (BEH-TEBP or TBPH), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE), decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB), anti/syn-dechlorane plus (a/s-DP), 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromobiphenyl (BB153) and α-,β-1,2-dibromo-4-(1,2-dibromoethyl) cyclohexane (α-,β-DBE-DBCH or TBECH). A novel analysis method based on liquid chromatographic separation, followed by high resolution accurate mass detection using the Orbitrap platform was used for quantification. Results revealed that BDE-209 had the highest concentrations (<0.1 to 540 μg kg-1 dw) and detection frequency, accounting for 95% of all PBDE congeners measured. Indicative evidence of debromination of the PentaBDE technical mixture was observed through elevated relative abundance of BDE-28 in sediment compared to the Penta-BDE formulation. NBFRs were detected at comparable levels to PBDEs (excluding BDE-209), which indicates increasing use of the former. Spatial trend analysis showed that samples from industrial areas had significantly higher concentrations of Σ12PBDEs, ΣHBCDDs, TBBPA, BEH-TEBP, BTBPE and TBP. Three locations showed high concentrations of HBCDDs with diastereomer patterns comparable to the technical mixture, which indicate recent input sources to the sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristide P Ganci
- University of Birmingham, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
| | - Christopher H Vane
- British Geological Survey, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, United Kingdom
| | - Mohamed A-E Abdallah
- University of Birmingham, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, 71526 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Thomas Moehring
- Thermo Fisher Scientific (GmbH) Bremen, Hanna-Kunath-Str. 11, 28199 Bremen, Germany
| | - Stuart Harrad
- University of Birmingham, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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12
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Dorman DC, Chiu W, Hales BF, Hauser R, Johnson KJ, Mantus E, Martel S, Robinson KA, Rooney AA, Rudel R, Sathyanarayana S, Schantz SL, Waters KM. Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) neurotoxicity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal evidence. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2018; 21:269-289. [PMID: 30352012 PMCID: PMC6786272 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2018.1514829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A recent systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis of human studies found an association between prenatal serum polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) concentrations and a decrease in the IQ of children. A SR of experimental developmental animal PBDE-mediated neurotoxicity studies was performed in the present study. Outcomes assessed included measures related to learning, memory, and attention, which parallel the intelligence-related outcomes evaluated in the human studies SR. PubMed, Embase, and Toxline were searched for relevant experimental non-human mammalian studies. Evaluation of risk of bias (RoB) and overall body of evidence followed guidance developed by the National Toxicology Program. Animal studies using varying designs and outcomes were available for BDEs 47, 99, 153, 203, 206, and 209 and the technical mixture DE-71. Study reporting of methods and results was often incomplete leading to concerns regarding RoB. A meta-analysis of 6 Morris water maze studies showed evidence of a significant increase in last trial latency (effect size of 25.8 [CI, 20.3 to 31.2]) in PBDE-exposed animals with low heterogeneity. For most endpoints, there were unexplained inconsistencies across studies and no consistent evidence of a dose-response relationship. There is a "moderate" level of evidence that exposure to BDEs 47, 99, and 209 affects learning. For other PBDEs and other endpoints, the level of evidence was "low" or "very low". The meta-analysis led to stronger conclusions than that based upon a qualitative review of the evidence. The SR also identified RoB concerns that might be remedied by better study reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Dorman
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Weihsueh Chiu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Barbara F. Hales
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kamin J. Johnson
- Predictive Safety Center, Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont™, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ellen Mantus
- Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Washington DC, USA
| | - Susan Martel
- Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Washington DC, USA
| | - Karen A. Robinson
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew A. Rooney
- Office of Health Assessment and Translation, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle WA, USA
| | - Susan L. Schantz
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Katrina M. Waters
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
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13
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Ma Z, Zhuang H. Biotin–streptavidin system-based real-time immuno-polymerase chain reaction for sensitive detection of 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether in marine fish. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2018.1489374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huisheng Zhuang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Zhuang J, Wang S, Shan Q, Zhang ZF, Li MQ, Zheng GH, Fan SH, Wu DM, Hu B, Lu J, Zheng YL. Adeno-associated virus vector-mediated expression of DJ-1 attenuates learning and memory deficits in 2, 2´, 4, 4´-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47)-treated mice. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 347:390-402. [PMID: 29335220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Evidence indicates that oxidative stress is the central pathological feature of 2, 2´, 4, 4´-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47)-induced neurotoxicity. Protein kinase C delta (PKCδ), an oxidative stress-sensitive kinase, can be proteolytically cleaved to yield a catalytically active fragment (PKCδ-CF) that is involved in various neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we showed that BDE-47 treatment increased ROS, malondialdehyde, and protein carbonyl levels in the mouse hippocampus. In turn, excessive ROS induced caspase-3-dependent PKCδ activation and stimulated NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation, resulting in inflammation in the mouse hippocampus. These changes caused learning and memory deficits in BDE-47-treated mice. Treatment with Z-DEVD-fmk, a caspase-3 inhibitor, or N-acetyl-L-cysteine, an antioxidant, blocked PKCδ activation and subsequently inhibited inflammation, thereby improving learning and memory deficits in BDE-47-treated mice. Our data further showed that activation of ROS-PKCδ signaling was associated with DJ-1 downregulation, which exerted neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress induced by different neurotoxic agents. Adeno-associated viral vector-mediated DJ-1 overexpression in the hippocampus effectively inhibited excessive ROS production, suppressed caspase-3-dependent PKCδ cleavage, blunted inflammation and ultimately reversed learning and memory deficits in BDE-47-treated mice. Taken together, our results demonstrate that DJ-1 plays a pivotal role in BDE-47-induced neurotoxic effects and learning and memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhuang
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China; Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China; School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China; College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qun Shan
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China; Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China; College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zi-Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China; College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Meng-Qiu Li
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China; College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gui-Hong Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China; College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shao-Hua Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China; College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dong-Mei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China; College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Bin Hu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China; College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China; College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Yuan-Lin Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China; College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China.
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15
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Braun JM. RE: "INVITED COMMENTARY: EXPOSURE BIOMARKERS INDICATE MORE THAN JUST EXPOSURE". Am J Epidemiol 2018; 187:894-895. [PMID: 29351641 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwy009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI
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16
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English K, Chen Y, Toms LM, Jagals P, Ware RS, Mueller JF, Sly PD. Polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardant concentrations in faeces from young children in Queensland, Australia and associations with environmental and behavioural factors. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 158:669-676. [PMID: 28734253 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to investigate children's exposure to the flame retardants polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) by analysing faecal content, a non-invasive matrix, as well as responses to an exposure-assessment questionnaire. A convenience sample of 61 parents with children (aged >3 months to <2 years) completed an online pre-tested questionnaire and provided faecal samples for analysis by high resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. BDE-209 was the dominant congener in faecal samples adjusted to 8.3ng/g dry weight (dw), with >80% samples above the limit of detection (LOD). BDE-47 (0.23ng/g dw) and BDE-153 (0.03ng/g dw) were each detected above the LOD in approximately 60% of samples. Age was associated with BDE-47 (-7%/month) and BDE-153 (-12%/month) concentrations in faeces, but not BDE-209. Other variables associated with PBDE concentrations included features of the home (carpet, pets) and behaviour (hand-to-mouth, removing shoes, using a car sunshade, frequency of walks outdoors). However, given the small sample size of this study additional research is required to confirm these findings. In this study we demonstrated that faeces may be a viable alternative to monitor human exposure to PBDEs, but further validation studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin English
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Yiqin Chen
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Leisa-Maree Toms
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Paul Jagals
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robert S Ware
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jochen F Mueller
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter D Sly
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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17
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Hurley S, Goldberg D, Nelson DO, Guo W, Wang Y, Baek HG, Park JS, Petreas M, Bernstein L, Anton-Culver H, Reynolds P. Temporal Evaluation of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Serum Levels in Middle-Aged and Older California Women, 2011-2015. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:4697-4704. [PMID: 28304169 PMCID: PMC5526086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In response to health concerns and widespread human exposures, two widely used commercial formulations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were banned in the United States in 2005. Initial biomonitoring data have provided early indications of reduced human exposures since these bans took effect. Our objective was to evaluate temporal trends in PBDE serum levels among a population of older California women during a four-year period, beginning approximately five years after these formulations were banned. Automated solid phase extraction and gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry were used to measure PBDE levels in blood collected during 2011-2015 among 1253 women (ages 40-94) participating in the California Teachers Study. Only congeners with detection frequencies (DF) ≥ 75% were included in the present analysis: BDE-47 (DF = 88%); BDE-100 (DF = 78%); and BDE-153 (DF = 80%). Results from age- and race/ethnicity-adjusted linear regression analyses indicated modest, but statistically significant, average annual percent increases in the serum concentrations of all three PBDEs over the four-year study period. While not without limitations, these results, in the context of other biomonitoring data, suggest that earlier reported declines in PBDE levels may have plateaued and may now be starting to increase. Further biomonitoring to ascertain current trends and determinants of population exposures is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Hurley
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, California 94704, United States
- Corresponding Author: Phone: (510) 608-5189; fax: (510) 666-0693;
| | - Debbie Goldberg
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, California 94704, United States
| | - David O. Nelson
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, California 94704, United States
| | - Weihong Guo
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, Berkeley, California 95812, United States
- Food and Drug Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California 94804, United States
| | - Yunzhu Wang
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, Berkeley, California 95812, United States
| | - Hyoung-Gee Baek
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, Berkeley, California 95812, United States
| | - June-Soo Park
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, Berkeley, California 95812, United States
| | - Myrto Petreas
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, Berkeley, California 95812, United States
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Peggy Reynolds
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, California 94704, United States
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Khalil A, Parker M, Mpanga R, Cevik SE, Thorburn C, Suvorov A. Developmental Exposure to 2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl Ether Induces Long-Lasting Changes in Liver Metabolism in Male Mice. J Endocr Soc 2017; 1:323-344. [PMID: 29264491 PMCID: PMC5686773 DOI: 10.1210/js.2016-1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were used as flame-retardant additives in a wide range of polymers. The generations born when environmental concentrations of PBDEs reached their maximum account in the United States for one-fifth of the total population. We hypothesized that exposure to PBDEs during sensitive developmental windows might result in long-lasting changes in liver metabolism. The present study was based on experiments with CD-1 mice and human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (human hepatoma cell line, HepG2). Pregnant mice were exposed to 0.2 mg/kg 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) from gestation day 8 until postnatal day 21. The metabolic health-related outcomes were analyzed on postnatal day 21 and postnatal week 20 in male offspring. Several groups of metabolic genes, including ribosomal and mitochondrial genes, were significantly upregulated in the liver at both points. Genes regulated via mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, the gatekeeper of metabolic homeostasis, were whether up- or downregulated at both measurement points. On postnatal day 21, but not week 20, both mTOR complexes in the liver were activated, as measured by phosphorylation of their targets. mTOR complexes were also activated by BDE-47 in HepG2 cells in vitro. The following changes were observed at week 20: a decreased number of polyploid hepatocytes, suppressed cytoplasmic S6K1, twofold greater blood insulin-like growth factor-1 and triglycerides, and 2.5-fold lower expression of fatty acid uptake membrane receptor CD36 in liver tissue. Thus, perinatal exposure to environmentally relevant doses of BDE-47 in laboratory mice results in long-lasting changes in liver physiology. Our evidence suggests involvement of the mTOR pathway in the observed metabolic programming of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Khalil
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Mikhail Parker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Richard Mpanga
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Sebnem E. Cevik
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Cassandra Thorburn
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Alexander Suvorov
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
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Darrow LA, Jacobson MH, Preston EV, Lee GE, Panuwet P, Hunter RE, Marder ME, Marcus M, Barr DB. Predictors of Serum Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Concentrations among Children Aged 1-5 Years. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:645-654. [PMID: 28000443 PMCID: PMC5538570 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b04696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Serum concentrations of PBDEs were measured using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in 80 children aged 15-71 months. Demographic and behavioral data were collected on parental questionnaires; a research nurse recorded anthropometric measures and insurance status. For a subset of children (n = 17), PBDEs were measured in house dust and child handwipes sampled during a home visit. In linear and Tobit regression, log-transformed PBDE congeners were modeled as a function of child characteristics, including neighborhood-level socioeconomic indicators. BDE congeners 47, 99, and 100 were highly correlated and summed for analysis; BDE-153 was examined individually. PBDE serum concentrations were associated with socioeconomic factors; for example, a $20,000 increase in median household income in a child's ZIP code was associated with a 34% decrease (95%CI = 14-49%) in BDE-153 and a 26% decrease (95%CI = 6-42%) in ∑BDE-47,-99,-100. Lower body-mass index (BMI) z-score and household smoking were strong predictors of higher BDE-153 levels. Among children who participated in a home visit, serum PBDE was positively correlated with handwipe PBDE (Spearman r ∑BDE-47, -99, -100 = 0.48, p = 0.09), but not dust PBDE. Results indicate socioeconomic factors and BMI are strong predictors of serum PBDE levels among young children. PBDEs measured on handwipes are more predictive of serum PBDE levels than vacuum-collected dust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsey A. Darrow
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno,
NV
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory
University, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory
University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Melanie H. Jacobson
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory
University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Emma V. Preston
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory
University, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public
Health, Boston, MA
| | - Grace E. Lee
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory
University, Atlanta, GA
- Battelle Memorial Institute, Atlanta, GA
| | - Parinya Panuwet
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory
University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Ronald E. Hunter
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory
University, Atlanta, GA
| | - M. Elizabeth Marder
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory
University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Michele Marcus
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory
University, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory
University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Dana B. Barr
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory
University, Atlanta, GA
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Costa O, Lopez-Espinosa MJ, Vizcaino E, Murcia M, Iñiguez C, Navarrete-Muñoz EM, Grimalt JO, Tardon A, Ballester F, Fernandez-Somoano A. Dietary and Household Sources of Prenatal Exposure to Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in the INMA Birth Cohort (Spain). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:5935-44. [PMID: 27123793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b06263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This study looked at predictors of exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) with a focus on dietary and household-level factors. Concentrations of BDE-47, -99, -153, and -209 and their sum (∑PBDEs) were measured in cord serum. Spanish women (n = 541) completed two semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires during the first and third trimesters of pregnancy. The daily mean intake (grams) of eggs, dairy products, meat, cereals and pasta, vegetables and pulses, fruits, shellfish and cephalopods, and fish, and the weekly mean intake (servings) of lean, large oily, other oily, and other fish from both questionnaires were averaged. Information on house size, curtains and carpets at home, mattress type, housekeeping frequency, and television use was also collected later in gestation. Multivariate censored regression was used to assess the association between PBDE concentration (log2 transformed) and potential predictors. BDE-47, -99, -209 and ∑PBDE concentrations increased by 13.6%(95% CI:0.0, 29.0%), 21.1%(2.3, 43.5%), 21.7%(0.4, 47.5%) and 11.5%(2.2, 21.7%), respectively, per interquartile range increment in daily intake of shellfish and cephalopods. Fish intake was associated with BDE-99 (20.8%[1.7, 43.4%]). When fish was disaggregated by types, BDE-99 and ∑PBDEs increased by 13.8%(4.0, 24.7%) and 5.7%(0.8, 10.8%), respectively, per 1-serving/week increment in large oily fish intake. BDE-153 was associated with higher housekeeping frequency (35.9%[0.4, 83.9%]) and BDE-209 with foam mattress use (48.9%[5.8, 109.7%]). In conclusion, seafood consumption, higher housekeeping frequency, and foam mattress were associated with prenatal PBDE exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Costa
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Avenida de Catalunya 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria-Jose Lopez-Espinosa
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Avenida de Catalunya 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Calle Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Vizcaino
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Oviedo , Campus del Cristo s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDÆA-CSIC) , Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mario Murcia
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Avenida de Catalunya 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Calle Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Iñiguez
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Avenida de Catalunya 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Calle Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva M Navarrete-Muñoz
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Calle Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Public Health, Miguel Hernandez University , Ctra. Nacional 332, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Joan O Grimalt
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDÆA-CSIC) , Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adonina Tardon
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Calle Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Oviedo , Campus del Cristo s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Ferran Ballester
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Avenida de Catalunya 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Calle Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Fernandez-Somoano
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Calle Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Oviedo , Campus del Cristo s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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Guo W, Holden A, Smith SC, Gephart R, Petreas M, Park JS. PBDE levels in breast milk are decreasing in California. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 150:505-513. [PMID: 26693645 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
To assess the efficacy of the bans in reducing PBDE levels, we recruited 67 California first time mothers (sampled during 2009-2012) and collected cord blood at birth (n = 31), breast milk (n = 66) and maternal blood (n = 65) at 3-8 weeks postpartum. Using the same sample extraction procedures and analytical instrumentation method (GC-HRMS), we compared PBDE as well as PCB levels in these breast milk samples to those from our previous study (n = 82, sampled during 2003-2005) and found that the sum of PBDEs over the ∼7 year course declined by 39% (GeoMean = 67.8 ng/g lipid in 2003-2005; 41.5 ng/g lipid in 2009-2012) and that the sum of PCBs declined by 36% (GeoMean = 71.6 ng/g lipid in 2003-2005; 45.7 ng/g lipid in 2009-2012). This supports our earlier finding of a PBDE decline (39%) in blood. We also found that the PBDE concentrations and congener profiles were similar in breast milk and their matched maternal/cord blood: BDE-47 was the dominant congener, followed by BDE-153, -99, and -100. Similar levels and congener profiles of PBDEs in these matrices suggest that they are at equilibrium. Therefore, we propose that maternal serum levels may be used to predict an infant's daily dose of PBDE exposure from breastfeeding when breast milk levels are not available. In addition, our study confirmed that breastfeeding babies are still exposed to high levels of PBDEs, even though PBDE levels are decreasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Guo
- California Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, USA.
| | - Arthur Holden
- California Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, USA
| | - Sabrina Crispo Smith
- California Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, USA; Sequoia Foundation, La Jolla, USA
| | | | - Myrto Petreas
- California Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, USA
| | - June-Soo Park
- California Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, USA
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Guo W, Gardner S, Yen S, Petreas M, Park JS. Temporal Changes of PBDE Levels in California House Cats and a Link to Cat Hyperthyroidism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:1510-1518. [PMID: 26699103 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we measured serum PBDE levels in California (CA) house cats during two time periods: 2008-2010 and 2012-2013 to assess the impacts of the decline in use of these materials after the bans. The median ∑19PBDE level in CA household cats (age ≥10 yr) was 3479 ng/g lipid in 2008-2010 (1st time period, n = 21) and 1518 ng/g lipid in 2012-2013 (2nd time period, n = 22), about 2 times lower than in the first time period (p = 0.006). In contrast, PCB and OCP levels showed no statistically significant changes. With better matched group size and age (HT = 11 vs non-HT = 11, age ≥10 yr) in the second time period, we found that ∑19PBDE level (mean ± SE ng/g lipid) was significantly higher in the HT group (3906 ± 1442) than those in the non-HT group (1125 ± 244) (p = 0.0030). Higher levels of PCBs and OCPs were also found in HT group. Despite the declines of PBDE levels, our findings indicate that the current levels of PBDEs, as well as PCBs and OCPs, may still pose health effects for house cats and, possibly, humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Guo
- California Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency , 700 Heinz Avenue, Berkeley, California 94710, United States
| | - Stephen Gardner
- VCA Albany Animal Hospital , 1550 Solano Avenue, Albany, California 94707, United States
| | - Simon Yen
- Campus Veterinary Clinic , 1807 M.L.K. Jr Way, Berkeley, California 94709, United States
| | - Myrto Petreas
- California Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency , 700 Heinz Avenue, Berkeley, California 94710, United States
| | - June-Soo Park
- California Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency , 700 Heinz Avenue, Berkeley, California 94710, United States
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23
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Fromme H, Becher G, Hilger B, Völkel W. Brominated flame retardants – Exposure and risk assessment for the general population. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2016; 219:1-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Prenatal and childhood polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) exposure and attention and executive function at 9-12 years of age. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2015; 52:151-61. [PMID: 26271888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE California children's exposures to polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants (PBDEs) are among the highest measured worldwide. We previously reported associations for prenatal and childhood PBDE exposures with decrements in attention, processing speed, fine motor coordination, and cognition in children at ages 5 and 7 years. Here, we investigate associations of PBDEs with attention and executive function at ages 9 to 12 years in the expanded CHAMACOS cohort. METHODS We measured PBDEs in prenatal and child age 9 year serum samples for families enrolled in the study since pregnancy ("CHAM1", N=321). In a subsequent cohort for which families were enrolled at child age 9 ("CHAM2", N=301), we measured PBDEs in maternal and child samples collected at child age 9, and used predictive modeling to estimate prenatal exposure levels. We examined associations of measured and estimated PBDE concentrations on children's attention and executive functioning at ages 9, 10½, and 12 years. RESULTS Geometric means for prenatal and childhood ΣPBDE levels (sum of PBDE-47, -99, -100, -153) for the expanded CHAMACOS cohort were 26.3 and 63.2 ng/g lipid, respectively, and did not differ significantly between CHAM1 and CHAM2 families. We found consistent associations of prenatal exposure to PBDEs with poorer attention and executive function, measured with parent report and direct neuropsychological testing of the child. For example, using GEE models of repeated outcome measures at ages 9 and 12, a 10-fold increase in prenatal ΣPBDE was associated with poorer response consistency on the Conners' Continuous Performance Test II (β=2.9; 95% CI: 0.9, 4.8) and poorer working memory on the Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function (β=2.5; 95% CI: 0.5, 4.4). Child age 9 ΣPBDE levels were associated with poorer parent-reported attention and executive function for girls but not boys. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the prefrontal cortex may be a potential target for PBDE exposure and add to a growing literature showing that these ubiquitous toxicants may adversely affect neurodevelopment.
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Erkin-Cakmak A, Harley KG, Chevrier J, Bradman A, Kogut K, Huen K, Eskenazi B. In utero and childhood polybrominated diphenyl ether exposures and body mass at age 7 years: the CHAMACOS study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2015; 123:636-42. [PMID: 25738596 PMCID: PMC4455588 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1408417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are lipophilic flame retardants that bioaccumulate in humans. Child serum PBDE concentrations in California are among the highest worldwide. PBDEs may be associated with obesity by disrupting endocrine systems. OBJECTIVE In this study, we examined whether pre- and postnatal exposure to the components of pentaBDE mixture was associated with childhood obesity in a population of Latino children participating in a longitudinal birth cohort study in the Salinas Valley, California. METHODS We measured PBDEs in serum collected from 224 mothers during pregnancy and their children at 7 years of age, and examined associations with body mass index (BMI) at age 7 years. RESULTS Maternal PBDE serum levels during pregnancy were associated with higher BMI z-scores in boys (BMI z-score βadjusted = 0.26; 95% CI: -0.19, 0.72) but lower scores in girls (BMI z-score βadjusted = -0.41; 95% CI: -0.87, -0.05) at 7 years of age (pinteraction = 0.04). In addition, child's serum BDE-153 concentration (log10), but not other pentaBDE congeners, demonstrated inverse associations with BMI at age 7 years (BMI z-score βadjusted = -1.15; 95% CI: -1.53, -0.77), but there was no interaction by sex. CONCLUSIONS We estimated sex-specific associations with maternal PBDE levels during pregnancy and BMI at 7 years of age, finding positive associations in boys and negative associations in girls. Children's serum BDE-153 concentrations were inversely associated with BMI at 7 years with no difference by sex. Future studies should examine the longitudinal trends in obesity with PBDE exposure and changes in hormonal environment as children transition through puberty, as well as evaluate the potential for reverse causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayca Erkin-Cakmak
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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Wu H, Cao L, Li F, Lian P, Zhao J. Multiple biomarkers of the cytotoxicity induced by BDE-47 in human embryonic kidney cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 126:32-39. [PMID: 25697951 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are widely used as brominated flame-retardants in a variety of industrial products. Among these PBDEs, 2,2',4,4'-tetra-bromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) is one of the most predominant congeners inducing multiple toxicities, including hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenecity and immunotoxicity in human body. In this study, the cytotoxicity of BDE-47 in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) was investigated by a set of bioassays, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, oxidative stress and metabolic responses as well as gene expressions related to apoptosis. Results showed that BDE-47 induced an inverted U-shaped curve of cell proliferation in HEK293 cells from 10(-6) to 10(-4) M. Cell apoptosis and ROS overproduction were detected at 10(-5) M of BDE-47 (p<0.05). In addition, the expressions of Bcl-2 family-encoding genes (Bad, Hrk and Bcl-2) increased significantly in 10(-4)M group (p<0.05). Metabolic responses indicated that BDE-47 mainly caused disturbance in energy metabolism marked by differentially altered ethanol, glutathione, creatine, aspartate, UDP-glucose and NAD(+). The increased lactate/alanine ratios indicated the higher reductive state induced by BDE-47 in all exposures confirmed by the overproduction of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China
| | - Lulu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.
| | - Peiwen Lian
- Department of Center Laboratory, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yuhuangdingdong Road 20, Yantai 264000, PR China
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China
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Betts KS. Hand-me-down hazard: flame retardants in discarded foam products. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2015; 123:A56-63. [PMID: 25730841 PMCID: PMC4348733 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.123-a56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
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Linares V, Bellés M, Domingo JL. Human exposure to PBDE and critical evaluation of health hazards. Arch Toxicol 2015; 89:335-56. [PMID: 25637414 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1457-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are used in large quantities as flame-retardant additives in a number of commercial products. Biomonitoring data show that, in recent years, PBDE concentrations have increased rapidly in the bodies of wildlife and humans. Usually, PBDE levels in North America have been reported to be higher than those in Europe and Asia. Moreover, body burden of PBDEs is three- to ninefold higher in infants and toddlers than in adults, showing these last two age groups the highest levels of these compounds, due to exposure via maternal milk and through dust. Tetra-, Penta-, and Hexa-BDEs are the isomers most commonly found in humans. Based on studies on experimental animals, the toxicological endpoints of exposure to PBDEs are likely to be thyroid homeostasis disruption, neurodevelopmental deficits, reproductive changes, and even cancer. Experimental studies in animals and epidemiological observations in humans suggest that PBDEs may be developmental neurotoxicants. Pre- and/or postnatal exposure to PBDEs may cause long-lasting behavioral abnormalities, particularly on motor activity and cognition. This paper is focused on reviewing the current status of PBDEs in the environment, as well as the critical adverse health effects based on the recent studies on the toxic effects of PBDEs.
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Xu L, Huo X, Zhang Y, Li W, Zhang J, Xu X. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in human placenta associated with neonatal physiological development at a typical e-waste recycling area in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 196:414-22. [PMID: 25468211 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Our aim of this study was to characterize the exposure pattern of polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs) in human placenta and assess their potential effects on neonates. Placenta samples were obtained from a typical e-waste area in Guiyu and a reference area in Haojiang, China. The median ΣPBDE concentration was 32.25 ng/g lipid weight (lw) in placenta samples from Guiyu, and 5.13 ng/g lw from Haojiang. BDE-209 predominated in placenta samples, followed by BDE-28, -47, -99 -153, -183. Residence in Guiyu contributed the most to elevated PDBE levels. Neonatal physiological indices, including bodymass index (BMI), Apgar 1 score and head circumference, were reduced in Guiyu group. No significant difference was found in neonatal weight between the two groups, but neonatal body length in Guiyu was increased. Our data suggest prenatal exposure to PBDEs is high at the e-waste recycling area, and may lead to adverse physiological development in the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
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Liu PY, Chen XR, Zhao YX, Li YY, Qin XF, Qin ZF. Changes of polybrominated diphenyl ether concentrations in ducks with background exposure level and time. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 118:253-260. [PMID: 25290171 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To reveal what degree bioaccumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) depends on exposure time and other factors, we conducted a semi-field experiment for a year (June 2008-June 2009) in a village in an e-waste recycling site in Taizhou, China. Approximately one hundred of juvenile ducks (Anas domestica Linnaeus) were entrusted to a villager. The ducks lived and forged in a PBDE-polluted pond from the late March to the end of November. Fish and mudsnails that were heavily polluted by PBDEs were main food. In cold days (from December to the middle March), the ducks lived in the villager' house, and mainly fed on paddy, which contained lower concentrations of PBDEs than fish and mudsnails. The female ducks were sampled for PBDE analysis every three months. We found that the ∑PBDE concentrations in duck liver, muscle, lung and brain fluctuated greatly with the changes of exposure levels that were determined by the environment and diets, but the ∑PBDE concentrations in fat tissue increased successively with time. Congener analysis demonstrated that the successive increase in the ∑PBDE concentrations with time in fat tissue was due to the successive increase in BDE-209, -183 and -153 concentrations, with large fluctuations of low brominated congeners. The results show that PBDE concentrations in liver, muscle, lung and brain tissues heavily depends on exposure levels rather than exposure time. In fat tissue, by contrast, PBDE concentrations (mainly high brominated congeners) slightly depends on exposure levels but heavily depend on time relative to other tissues, implying that high brominated congeners seem to have longer half-lives than low brominated congeners in fat tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Yan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Xiao-Ran Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ya-Xian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhan-Fen Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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Whitehead TP, Crispo Smith S, Park JS, Petreas MX, Rappaport SM, Metayer C. Concentrations of persistent organic pollutants in California women's serum and residential dust. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 136:57-66. [PMID: 25460621 PMCID: PMC4262624 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Humans are exposed to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) through various routes, including consumption of contaminated food and accidental ingestion of settled dust. OBJECTIVES We aimed to identify key routes of exposure to organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in California women of reproductive age. METHODS Blood was collected from 48 mothers participating in the California Childhood Leukemia Study from 2006 to 2007 and analyzed for POPs using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Multivariable linear regression models of natural-log transformed serum concentrations were used to identify determinants of exposure from available questionnaire information on dietary habits, reproductive history, and demographic characteristics, as well as vacuum cleaner dust-POP levels. RESULTS After adjusting for blood lipid levels, age, body mass index, cumulative lactation, and sampling date, serum concentrations of multiple major PCBs were positively associated with fish consumption, but not dust-PCB levels. After adjusting for blood lipid levels, Hispanic ethnicity, country of origin, and household annual income, serum concentrations of multiple major PBDEs were positively associated with dust-PBDE levels. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the relative contribution of specific exposure routes to total POP intake varies by chemical class, with dust being a relatively important source of PBDEs and diet being a relatively important source of PCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd P Whitehead
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, 50 University Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Sabrina Crispo Smith
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, California Department of Toxic Substances Control, 700 Heinz Ave, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA; Sequoia Foundation, 2166 Avenida De La Playa, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - June-Soo Park
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, California Department of Toxic Substances Control, 700 Heinz Ave, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA.
| | - Myrto X Petreas
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, California Department of Toxic Substances Control, 700 Heinz Ave, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA.
| | - Stephen M Rappaport
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, 50 University Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Catherine Metayer
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, 50 University Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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Lyche JL, Rosseland C, Berge G, Polder A. Human health risk associated with brominated flame-retardants (BFRs). ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 74:170-80. [PMID: 25454234 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The purposes of this review are to assess the human exposure and human and experimental evidence for adverse effects of brominated flame-retardants (BFRs) with specific focus on intake from seafood. The leakage of BFRs from consumer products leads to exposure of humans from fetal life to adulthood. Fish and fish products contain the highest levels of BFRs and dominate the dietary intake of frequent fish eaters in Europe, while meat, followed by seafood and dairy products accounted for the highest US dietary intake. House dust is also reported as an important source of exposure for children as well as adults. The levels of BFRs in the general North American populations are higher than those in Europe and Japan and the highest levels are detected in infants and toddlers. The daily intake via breast milk exceeds the RfD in 10% of US infants. BFRs including PBDEs, HBCDs and TBBP-A have induced endocrine-, reproductive- and behavior effects in laboratory animals. Furthermore, recent human epidemiological data demonstrated association between exposure to BFRs and similar adverse effects as observed in animal studies. Fish including farmed fish and crude fish oil for human consumption may contain substantial levels of BFRs and infants and toddlers consuming these products on a daily basis may exceed the tolerable daily intake suggesting that fish and fish oil alone represent a risk to human health. This intake comes in addition to exposure from other sources (breast milk, other food, house dust). Because potential harmful concentrations of BFRs and other toxicants occur in fish and fish products, research on a wider range of products is warranted, to assess health hazard related to the contamination of fish and fish products for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan L Lyche
- Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., N-0033 Oslo, Norway.
| | | | - Gunnar Berge
- Pronova BioPharma AS, P.O. Box 420, NO-1327 Lysaker, Norway
| | - Anuschka Polder
- Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., N-0033 Oslo, Norway
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English K, Healy B, Jagals P, Sly PD. Assessing exposure of young children to common endocrine-disrupting chemicals in the home environment: a review and commentary of the questionnaire-based approach. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2015; 30:25-49. [PMID: 25719288 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2014-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although infants and young children are particularly vulnerable to endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) exposure, there is an absence of comprehensive exposure data for this age group. As young children spend the majority of their time indoors, improved methods of exposure assessment are needed to characterise the health risks from exposures in the home environment. Biologic assessment, which has been considered the gold standard for exposure assessment in recent years, is difficult to conduct in young children. Questionnaires are an alternative and indirect method of predicting exposure, which may overcome some of the limitations of direct exposure assessment. RESEARCH PROBLEM The feasibility of using a questionnaire-based approach to predict exposure of young children to EDCs in the home has yet to be comprehensively reviewed. Moreover, there is no one questionnaire that has been validated for predicting the exposure of infants to common EDCs in the home. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this review is to discuss the use and validation of the questionnaire-based approach to predict exposure of children to chemicals from three common classes of EDCs in the home, namely, plasticisers, flame retardants, and insecticides. We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the questionnaire-based approach as well as the important pathways of exposure in the home environment, by which to guide the design and validation of future exposure questionnaires. RESULTS The findings from our review indicate that the questionnaire-based approach is a valuable tool in the prediction of exposure to persistent organic pollutants, as well as to toxicants that have consistent patterns of exposure. With improvements to the design and validation process, the questionnaire-based approach may also prove to be a reliable instrument in predicting exposure to EDCs with short-half lives, including bisphenol A, phthalates, and pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides.
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Ward MH, Colt JS, Deziel NC, Whitehead TP, Reynolds P, Gunier RB, Nishioka M, Dahl GV, Rappaport SM, Buffler PA, Metayer C. Residential levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in California. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2014; 122:1110-6. [PMID: 24911217 PMCID: PMC4181922 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1307602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND House dust is a major source of exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), which are found at high levels in U.S. homes. METHODS We studied 167 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cases 0-7 years of age and 214 birth certificate controls matched on date of birth, sex, and race/ethnicity from the Northern California Childhood Leukemia Study. In 2001-2007, we sampled carpets in the room where the child spent the most time while awake; we used a high-volume small-surface sampler or we took dust from the home vacuum. We measured concentrations of 14 PBDE congeners including penta (28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154), octa (183, 196, 197, 203), and decaBDEs (206-209). Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using logistic regression, adjusting for demographics, income, year of dust collection, and sampling method. RESULTS BDE-47, BDE-99, and BDE-209 were found at the highest concentrations (medians, 1,173, 1,579, and 938 ng/g, respectively). Comparing the highest to lowest quartile, we found no association with ALL for summed pentaBDEs (OR = 0.7; 95% CI: 0.4, 1.3), octaBDEs (OR = 1.3; 95% CI: 0.7, 2.3), or decaBDEs (OR = 1.0; 95% CI: 0.6, 1.8). Comparing homes in the highest concentration (nanograms per gram) tertile to those with no detections, we observed significantly increased ALL risk for BDE-196 (OR = 2.1; 95% CI: 1.1, 3.8), BDE-203 (OR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.1, 3.6), BDE-206 (OR = 2.1; 95% CI: 1.1, 3.9), and BDE-207 (OR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.03, 3.8). CONCLUSION We found no association with ALL for common PBDEs, but we observed positive associations for specific octa and nonaBDEs. Additional studies with repeated sampling and biological measures would be informative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary H Ward
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Stasinska A, Heyworth J, Reid A, Callan A, Odland JØ, Trong Duong P, Van Ho Q, Hinwood A. Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) concentrations in plasma of pregnant women from Western Australia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 493:554-61. [PMID: 24973935 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
PBDEs are a class of brominated flame retardants applied to consumer goods to reduce their flammability. These compounds are lipophilic, persistent and bioaccumulate through the food web. PBDEs have been detected in human blood, adipose tissue and breast milk. There are a small number of studies reporting concentrations of PBDEs in Australian populations. These indicate that concentrations are higher than in studies reporting concentrations from Europe but lower than those from Northern America. The aim of this paper was to determine the concentrations of PBDEs in the plasma of pregnant women participating in the Australian Maternal Exposure to Toxic Substances (AMETS) study in Western Australia. The samples comprised 164 pregnant women, aged 18 years and over, who were non-smokers and not occupationally exposed to persistent substances. Participants provided blood samples at 38 weeks gestation and these were analysed for five PBDE congeners. Maternal health and birth outcomes data were also obtained. The median for sum PBDE concentrations in plasma was 53.9 pg g(-1) (range 13.2 to 1390 pg g(-1)ww). Concentrations were adjusted for the estimated plasma lipid content. The concentrations of Σ5PBDE ranged from 2.44 to 258 ng g(-1) lipid with a median of 9.97 ng g(-1) lipid. BDE-47 was the dominant congener (median 21.4 pg g(-1), range <4.95 to 1030 pg g(-1)) followed by BDE-153 (median 12.2 pg g(-1), range <2.94 to 353 pg g(-1)). There were no significant associations between maternal, housing or dietary factors and concentrations of PBDEs in this study. Maternal PBDE concentrations were not associated with infant birth weight. This study builds upon previous Australian research and shows that concentrations in this sample of Western Australian women were higher than in parts of Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ania Stasinska
- School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Jane Heyworth
- School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Alison Reid
- Harry Perkins Institute for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Anna Callan
- Centre for Ecosystem Management, School of Natural Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia.
| | | | - Phi Trong Duong
- Nha Trang Pasteur Institute, Department of Environment and School Health, Nha Trang City, Viet Nam.
| | - Quoc Van Ho
- Nha Trang Pasteur Institute, Department of Environment and School Health, Nha Trang City, Viet Nam.
| | - Andrea Hinwood
- Centre for Ecosystem Management, School of Natural Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia.
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Li L, Chang W, Wang Y, Ji H, Chen C, Ma W, Zhao J. Rapid, Photocatalytic, and Deep Debromination of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers on Pd-TiO2: Intermediates and Pathways. Chemistry 2014; 20:11163-70. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Gump BB, Yun S, Kannan K. Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) exposure in children: possible associations with cardiovascular and psychological functions. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 132:244-50. [PMID: 24834818 PMCID: PMC4104497 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) have been used widely in consumer products and are currently found at detectable levels in the blood of humans and animals across the globe. In stark contrast to this widespread exposure to PBDEs, there is relatively little research on potential adverse health effects of exposure of children to these chemicals. OBJECTIVES We performed this cross-sectional study to determine if blood PBDE levels (for 4 congeners) are associated with cardiovascular stress responses and psychological states in children. METHODS Levels of 4 PBDE congeners (BDE-28, -47, -99, and -100) in whole blood were measured in children (N=43). These levels were analyzed in relation to cardiovascular disease risk factors, including cardiovascular responses to acute stress and relevant psychological variables, namely, hostility and depression. RESULTS Higher levels of blood PBDEs were associated with significantly greater sympathetic activation during acute psychological stress and greater anger, as evidenced by significant associations with 3 different measures of this psychological variable. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests an association between PBDE exposure and children's cardiovascular responses to stress as well as parental and self-reported anger in the child. These variables are particularly important as they may be of potential relevance to the future development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although intriguing, there is a need for further investigation and replication with a larger sample of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooks B Gump
- Department of Public Health, Food Studies, and Nutrition, Syracuse University, Syracuse NY 13244, USA.
| | - Sehun Yun
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, N Y 12201-0509, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, N Y 12201-0509, USA; Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Huen K, Yousefi P, Bradman A, Yan L, Harley KG, Kogut K, Eskenazi B, Holland N. Effects of age, sex, and persistent organic pollutants on DNA methylation in children. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2014; 55:209-22. [PMID: 24375655 PMCID: PMC4410811 DOI: 10.1002/em.21845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation may be a molecular mechanism through which environmental exposures affect health. Methylation of Alu and long interspersed nucleotide elements (LINE-1) is a well-established measure of DNA methylation often used in epidemiologic studies. Yet, few studies have examined the effects of host factors on LINE-1 and Alu methylation in children. We characterized the relationship of age, sex, and prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs), dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (DDT), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), with DNA methylation in a birth cohort of Mexican-American children participating in the CHAMACOS study. We measured Alu and LINE-1 methylation by pyrosequencing bisulfite-treated DNA isolated from whole blood samples collected from newborns and nine-year old children (n = 358). POPs were measured in maternal serum during late pregnancy. Levels of DNA methylation were lower in nine-year olds compared to newborns and were higher in boys compared to girls. Higher prenatal DDT/E exposure was associated with lower Alu methylation at birth, particularly after adjusting for cell type composition (P = 0.02 for o,p' -DDT). Associations of POPs with LINE-1 methylation were only identified after examining the co-exposure of DDT/E with PBDEs simultaneously. Our data suggest that repeat element methylation can be an informative marker of epigenetic differences by age and sex and that prenatal exposure to POPs may be linked to hypomethylation in fetal blood. Accounting for co-exposure to different types of chemicals and adjusting for blood cell types may increase sensitivity of epigenetic analyses for epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Huen
- Center for Children's Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Paul Yousefi
- Center for Children's Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Asa Bradman
- Center for Children's Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Kim G. Harley
- Center for Children's Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Katherine Kogut
- Center for Children's Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Children's Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Nina Holland
- Center for Children's Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Law RJ, Covaci A, Harrad S, Herzke D, Abdallah MAE, Fernie K, Toms LML, Takigami H. Levels and trends of PBDEs and HBCDs in the global environment: status at the end of 2012. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2014; 65:147-58. [PMID: 24486972 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we have compiled and reviewed the most recent literature, published in print or online from January 2010 to December 2012, relating to the human exposure, environmental distribution, behaviour, fate and concentration time trends of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) flame retardants, in order to establish their current trends and priorities for future study. More data are now becoming available for remote areas not previously studied, Indian Ocean islands, for example. Decreasing time trends for penta-mix PBDE congeners were seen for soils in northern Europe, sewage sludge in Sweden and the USA, carp from a US river, trout from three of the Great Lakes and in Arctic and UK marine mammals and many birds, but increasing time trends continue in polar bears and some birds at high trophic levels in northern Europe. This may be partially a result of the time delay inherent in long-range atmospheric transport processes. In general, concentrations of BDE209 (the major component of the deca-mix PBDE product) are continuing to increase. Of major concern is the possible/likely debromination of the large reservoir of BDE209 in soils and sediments worldwide, to yield lower brominated congeners which are both more mobile and more toxic, and we have compiled the most recent evidence for the occurrence of this degradation process. Numerous studies reported here reinforce the importance of this future concern. Time trends for HBCDs are mixed, with both increases and decreases evident in different matrices and locations and, notably, with increasing occurrence in birds of prey. Temporal trends for both PBDEs and HBCD in Asia are unclear currently. A knowledge gap has been noted in relation to metabolism and/or debromination of BDE209 and HBCD in birds. Further monitoring of human exposure and environmental contamination in areas of e-waste recycling, particularly in Asia and Africa, is warranted. More data on temporal trends of BDE and HBCD concentrations in a variety of matrices and locations are needed before the current status of these compounds can be fully assessed, and the impact of regulation and changing usage patterns among different flame retardants determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin J Law
- The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Cefas Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK.
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stuart Harrad
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Dorte Herzke
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, FRAM - High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, H. Johansens gate 14, 9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Mohamed A-E Abdallah
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, 71526 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Kim Fernie
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington L7R 4A6, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leisa-Maree L Toms
- School of Clinical Sciences and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hidetaka Takigami
- Centre for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, 305-8506 Ibaraki, Japan
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Ma WL, Yun S, Bell EM, Druschel CM, Caggana M, Aldous KM, Buck Louis GM, Kannan K. Temporal trends of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the blood of newborns from New York State during 1997 through 2011: analysis of dried blood spots from the newborn screening program. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:8015-21. [PMID: 23755886 PMCID: PMC3725776 DOI: 10.1021/es401857v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants, and on a global basis, North American populations are exposed to the highest doses of PBDEs. In response to the exponential increase in human exposure to PBDEs during the late 1990s, some PBDE formulations were phased out from production in the early 2000s. The effectiveness of the phase-out of commercial penta-BDE and octa-BDE mixtures in 2004 in the U.S. on human exposure levels is not known. Dried blood spots (DBSs), collected for the newborn screening program (NSP) in the U.S., are a valuable resource for the elucidation of trends in exposure to environmental pollutants in newborns. In this study, seven PBDE congeners were determined by gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) in archived DBS samples (in total, 51 blood spot composites from 1224 newborns) collected from newborns in New York State (NYS) from 1997 to 2011. The most frequently detected PBDE congener was BDE-47, with a detection rate (DR) of 86%, followed by BDE-99 (DR: 45%) and BDE-100 (DR: 43%). The mean concentrations determined during 1997 through 2011 in the whole blood of newborns were 0.128, 0.040, and 0.012 ng/mL for BDE-47, -99, and -100, respectively. A significant correlation was found among the concentrations of three major congeners (p < 0.001). PBDE concentrations were similar during 1997 through 2002 and, thereafter, decreased significantly, which was similar to the trends observed for perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in DBS samples. Occurrence of PBDEs in the whole blood of newborns confirms that these compounds do cross the placental barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Li Ma
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, New York 12201-0509, USA
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Sehun Yun
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, New York 12201-0509, USA
| | - Erin M. Bell
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Charlotte M. Druschel
- New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Environmental & Occupational Epidemiology, Empire State Plaza-Corning Tower, Room 1203, Albany, New York 12237, USA
| | - Michele Caggana
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, New York 12201-0509, USA
| | - Kenneth M. Aldous
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, New York 12201-0509, USA
| | - Germaine M. Buck Louis
- Division of Epidemiology, Statistics and Prevention Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland; 6100 Executive Blvd. Room 7B03, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, New York 12201-0509, USA
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
- Corresponding author: K. Kannan Wadsworth Center Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509 Albany, NY 12201-0509 Tel: 1-518-474-0015 Fax: 1-518-473-2895
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Eskenazi B, Chevrier J, Rauch SA, Kogut K, Harley KG, Johnson C, Trujillo C, Sjödin A, Bradman A. In utero and childhood polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) exposures and neurodevelopment in the CHAMACOS study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2013; 121:257-62. [PMID: 23154064 PMCID: PMC3569691 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1205597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND California children's exposures to polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants (PBDEs) are among the highest worldwide. PBDEs are known endocrine disruptors and neurotoxicants in animals. OBJECTIVE Here we investigate the relation of in utero and child PBDE exposure to neurobehavioral development among participants in CHAMACOS (Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas), a California birth cohort. METHODS We measured PBDEs in maternal prenatal and child serum samples and examined the association of PBDE concentrations with children's attention, motor functioning, and cognition at 5 (n = 310) and 7 years of age (n = 323). RESULTS Maternal prenatal PBDE concentrations were associated with impaired attention as measured by a continuous performance task at 5 years and maternal report at 5 and 7 years of age, with poorer fine motor coordination-particularly in the nondominant-at both age points, and with decrements in Verbal and Full-Scale IQ at 7 years. PBDE concentrations in children 7 years of age were significantly or marginally associated with concurrent teacher reports of attention problems and decrements in Processing Speed, Perceptual Reasoning, Verbal Comprehension, and Full-Scale IQ. These associations were not altered by adjustment for birth weight, gestational age, or maternal thyroid hormone levels. CONCLUSIONS Both prenatal and childhood PBDE exposures were associated with poorer attention, fine motor coordination, and cognition in the CHAMACOS cohort of school-age children. This study, the largest to date, contributes to growing evidence suggesting that PBDEs have adverse impacts on child neurobehavioral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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