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Yang H, Deng H, Liang P, Ma X, Yin J, Jiang L, Chen Y, Shi S, Liu H, Ma X, Li Y, Xiong Y. Photocatalytic Reduction of Perrhenate and Pertechnetate in a Strongly Acidic Aqueous Solution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:12237-12248. [PMID: 38934294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c02511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Pertechnetate (99TcO4-), a physiologically toxic radioactive anion, is of great concern due to its high mobility in environmental contamination remediation. Although the soluble oxyanion can be photoreduced to sparingly soluble TcO2·nH2O, its effective removal from a strongly acidic aqueous solution remains a challenge. Here, we found that low-crystalline nitrogen-doped titanium oxide (N-TiO2, 0.6 g L-1) could effectively uptake perrhenate (ReO4-, 10 mg L-1, a nonradioactive surrogate for TcO4-) with 50.8% during 360 min under simulated sunlight irradiation at pH 1.0, but P25 and anatase could not. The nitrogen active center formed by trace nitrogen doping in N-TiO2 can promote the separation and transfer of photogenerated carriers. The positive valence band value of N-TiO2 is slightly higher than those of P25 and anatase, which means that the photogenerated holes have a stronger oxidizability. These holes are involved in the formation of strong reducing •CO2- radicals from formic acid oxidation. The active radicals convert ReO4- to Re(VI), which is subsequently disproportionated to Re(IV) and Re(VII). Effective photocatalytic reduction/removal of Re(VII)/Tc(VII) is performed on the material, which may be considered a potential and convenient strategy for technetium decontamination and extraction in a strongly acidic aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Hao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Pengliang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Environmental Simulation and Evaluation Technology, China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China
| | - XianJin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Jing Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Long Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Shuying Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Huiqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Xue Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Yuxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Ying Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
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Li G, Jaisi DP, Wang M, Yan F, Zhang X, Jin Y, Zheng Z, Feng X. Zeolite facilitates sequestration of heavy metals via lagged Fe(II) oxidation during sediment aeration. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:133961. [PMID: 38490148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Aeration of sediments could induce the release of endogenous heavy metals (HMs) into overlying water. In this study, experiments involving FeS oxygenation and contaminated sediment aeration were conducted to explore the sequestering role of zeolite in the released HMs during sediment aeration. The results reveal that the dynamic processes of Fe(II) oxidation play a crucial role in regulating HMs migration during both FeS oxygenation and sediment aeration in the absence of zeolite. Based on the release of HMs, Fe(II) oxidation can be delineated into two stages: stage I, where HMs (Mn2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Ni2+, Cu2+) are released from minerals or sediments into suspension, and stage II, released HMs are partially re-sequestered back to mineral phases or sediments due to the generation of Fe-(oxyhydr) oxide. In contrast, the addition of zeolite inhibits the increase of HMs concentration in suspension during stage I. Subsequently, the redistribution of HMs between zeolite and the newly formed Fe-(oxyhydr) oxide occurs during stage II. This redistribution of HMs generates new sorption sites in zeolite, making them available for resorbing a new load of HMs. The outcomes of this study provide potential solutions for sequestering HMs during the sediment aeration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Deb P Jaisi
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Meng Wang
- Chang Jiang Water Resources Protection Institute, Wuhan 430051, China
| | - Fengling Yan
- Chang Jiang Water Resources Protection Institute, Wuhan 430051, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yaxuan Jin
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Xionghan Feng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Xu H, Qin C, Zhang H, Zhao Y. New insights into long-lasting Cr(VI) removal from groundwater using in situ biosulfidated zero-valent iron with sulfate-reducing bacteria. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 355:120488. [PMID: 38457892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Sulfidation enhances the reactivity of zero-valent iron (ZVI) for Cr(VI) removal from groundwater. Current sulfidation methods mainly focus on chemical and mechanical sulfidation, and there has been little research on biosulfidation using sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and its performance in Cr(VI) removal. Herein, the ability of the SRB-biosulfidated ZVI (SRB-ZVI) system was evaluated and compared with that of the Na2S-sulfidated ZVI system. The SRB-ZVI system forms a thicker and more porous FeSx layer than the Na2S-sulfidated ZVI system, resulting in more sufficient sulfidation of ZVI and a 2.5-times higher Cr(VI) removal rate than that of the Na2S-sulfidated ZVI system. The biosulfidated-ZVI granules and FeSx suspension are the major components of the SRB-ZVI system. The SRB-ZVI system exhibits a long-lasting (11 cycles) Cr(VI) removal performance owing to the regeneration of FeSx. However, the Na2S-sulfidated ZVI system can perform only two Cr(VI) removal cycles. SRB attached to biosulfidated-ZVI can survive in the presence of Cr(VI) because of the protection of the biogenic porous structure, whereas SRB in the suspension is inhibited. After Cr(VI) removal, SRB repopulates in the suspension from biosulfidated-ZVI and produce FeSx, thus providing conditions for subsequent Cr(VI) removal cycles. Overall, the synergistic effect of SRB and ZVI provides a more powerful and environmentally friendly sulfidation method, which has more advantageous for Cr(VI) removal than those of chemical sulfidation. This study provides a visionary in situ remediation strategy for groundwater contamination using ZVI-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huichao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Chuanyu Qin
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Yongsheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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Sharma V, Yan R, Feng X, Xu J, Pan M, Kong L, Li L. Removal of toxic metals using iron sulfide particles: A brief overview of modifications and mechanisms. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 346:140631. [PMID: 37939922 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Growing mechanization has released higher concentrations of toxic metals in water and sediment, which is a critical concern for the environment and human health. Recent studies show that naturally occurring and synthetic iron sulfide particles are efficient at removing these hazardous pollutants. This review seeks to provide a concise summary of the evolution in the production of iron sulfide particles, specifically nanoparticles, through the years. This review presents an outline of the synthesis process for the most dominant forms of iron sulfide: mackinawite (FeS), pyrite (FeS2), pyrrhotite (Fe1-x S), and greigite (Fe3S4). The review confirms that both natural forms of iron sulfide and modified forms of iron sulfide are highly effective at removing different heavy metals and metalloids from water. Concurrently, this review reveals the interaction mechanism between toxic metals and iron sulfide, along with the impact of conditions for remedy and rectification. None the less, modifications and future investigations into the synthesis of novel iron sulfides, their use to adsorb diverse environmental pollutants, and their fate after injection into polluted aquifers, remain crucial to maximizing pollution control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Sharma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ruixin Yan
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xiuping Feng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Junqing Xu
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Meitian Pan
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Long Kong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Liang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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5
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Hemming SD, Purkis JM, Warwick PE, Cundy AB. Current and emerging technologies for the remediation of difficult-to-measure radionuclides at nuclear sites. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2023; 25:1909-1925. [PMID: 37909868 DOI: 10.1039/d3em00190c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Difficult-to-measure radionuclides (DTMRs), defined by an absence of high energy gamma emissions during decay, are problematic in groundwaters at nuclear sites. DTMRs are common contaminants at many nuclear facilities, with (often) long half-lives and high radiotoxicities within the human body. Effective remediation is, therefore, essential if nuclear site end-state targets are to be met. However, due to a lack of techniques for in situ DTMR detection, technologies designed to remediate these nuclides are underdeveloped and tend to be environmentally invasive. With a growing agenda for sustainable remediation and reduction in nuclear decommissioning costs, there is renewed international focus on the development of less invasive technologies for DTMR clean-up. Here, we review recent developments for remediation of selected problem DTMRs (129I, 99Tc, 90Sr and 3H), with a focus on industrial and site-scale applications. We find that pump and treat (P&T) is the most used technique despite efficacy issues for 129I and 3H. Permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) are a less invasive alternative but have only been demonstrated for removal of 99Tc and 90Sr at scale. Phytoremediation shows promise for site-scale removal of 3H but is unsuitable for 129I and 99Tc due to biotoxicity and bioavailability hazards, respectively. No single technique can remediate all DTMRs of focus. Likewise, there has been no successful site-applied technology with high removal efficiencies for iodine species typically present in groundwaters (iodide/I-, iodate/IO3- and organoiodine). Further work is needed to adapt and improve current techniques to field scales, as well as further research into targeted application of emerging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun D Hemming
- GAU-Radioanalytical, School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre (Southampton), European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK.
| | - Jamie M Purkis
- GAU-Radioanalytical, School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre (Southampton), European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK.
| | - Phillip E Warwick
- GAU-Radioanalytical, School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre (Southampton), European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK.
| | - Andrew B Cundy
- GAU-Radioanalytical, School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre (Southampton), European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK.
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6
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Xue W, Li J, Chen X, Liu H, Wen S, Shi X, Guo J, Gao Y, Xu J, Xu Y. Recent advances in sulfidized nanoscale zero-valent iron materials for environmental remediation and challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:101933-101962. [PMID: 37659023 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29564-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, sulfidized nanoscale zero-valent iron (S-nZVI) has been developed as a promising tool for the remediation of contaminated soil, sediment, and water. Although most studies have focused on applying S-nZVI for clean-up purposes, there is still a lack of systematic summary and discussion from its synthesis, application, to toxicity assessment. This review firstly summarized and compared the properties of S-nZVI synthesized from one-step and two-step synthesis methods, and the modification protocols for obtaining better stability and reactivity. In the context of environmental remediation, this review outlined an update on the latest development of S-nZVI for removal of heavy metals, organic pollutants, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and also discussed the underlying removal mechanisms. Environmental factors affecting the remediation performance of S-nZVI (e.g., humic acid, coexisting ions, S/Fe molar ratio, pH, and oxygen condition) were highlighted. Besides, the application potential of S-nZVI in advanced oxidation processes (AOP), especially in activating persulfate, was also evaluated. The toxicity impacts of S-nZVI on the environmental microorganism were described. Finally, the future challenges and remaining restrains to be resolved for better applicability of S-nZVI are also proposed. This review could provide guidance for the environmental remediation with S-nZVI-based technology from theoretical basis and practical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Xue
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Hongdou Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Siqi Wen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaoyu Shi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jiaming Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Jian Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yiqun Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Qu J, Li Z, Bi F, Zhang X, Zhang B, Li K, Wang S, Sun M, Ma J, Zhang Y. A multiple Kirkendall strategy for converting nanosized zero-valent iron to highly active Fenton-like catalyst for organics degradation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2304552120. [PMID: 37725641 PMCID: PMC10523465 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304552120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanosized zero-valent iron (nZVI) is a promising persulfate (PS) activator, however, its structurally dense oxide shell seriously inhibited electrons transfer for O-O bond cleavage of PS. Herein, we introduced sulfidation and phosphorus-doped biochar for breaking the pristine oxide shell with formation of FeS and FePO4-containing mixed shell. In this case, the faster diffusion rate of iron atoms compared to shell components triggered multiple Kirkendall effects, causing inward fluxion of vacancies with further coalescing into radial nanocracks. Exemplified by trichloroethylene (TCE) removal, such a unique "lemon-slice-like" nanocrack structure favored fast outward transfer of electrons and ferrous ions across the mixed shell to PS activation for high-efficient generation and utilization of reactive species, as evidenced by effective dechlorination (90.6%) and mineralization (85.4%) of TCE. [Formula: see text] contributed most to TCE decomposition, moreover, the SnZVI@PBC gradually became electron-deficient and thus extracted electrons from TCE with achieving nonradical-based degradation. Compared to nZVI/PS process, the SnZVI@PBC/PS system could significantly reduce catalyst dosage (87.5%) and PS amount (68.8%) to achieve nearly complete TCE degradation, and was anti-interference, stable, and pH-universal. This study advanced mechanistic understandings of multiple Kirkendall effects-triggered nanocrack formation on nZVI with corresponding rational design of Fenton-like catalysts for organics degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Qu
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhuoran Li
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Fuxuan Bi
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiubo Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Kaige Li
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Mingze Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
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Ghosh R, Ghosh TK, Pramanik S, Musha Islam AS, Ghosh P. Superiority of the Supramolecular Halogen Bond Receptor over Its H-Bond Analogue toward the Efficient Extraction of Perrhenate from Water. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:25184-25192. [PMID: 36583941 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A halogen bond-based water-soluble tetrapodal iodoimidazolium receptor, (L-I)(4Br), exhibited a high degree of efficiency (∼96%) in extracting ReO4- from 100% aqueous medium within a wide range of concentrations and of pH values along with excellent reusability. The solid-state X-ray diffraction study showed the trapping of ReO4- by (L-I)(4Br) via the Re-O····I halogen bonding interaction. XPS studies also suggested the interaction between I and ReO4- through polarization of the electron density of I atoms by ReO4-. (L-I)(4Br) is found to be capable of retaining its high extraction efficiency in the presence of competing anions such as F-, Cl-, I-, SO42-, H2PO4-, CO32-, NO3-, BF4-, ClO4-, Cr2O72-, and a mixture of these anions. Interestingly, (L-I)(4Br) was found to be superior in ReO4- extraction as compared to its hydrogen-bond donor analogue, (L-H)(4Br), as confirmed by a series of control experiments and theoretical calculations. Our synthesized dipodal and tripodal halogen bond donor receptors and their H-analogues validated the superiority of these classes of supramolecular halogen bond donor receptors over their hydrogen-bond analogues. (L-I)(4Br) also showed superior practical applicability in terms of the removal of ReO4- at anion concentrations as low as ∼100 ppm, which was a major shortcoming of (L-H)(4Br).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Ghosh
- School of Chemical Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata700032, India
| | - Tamal Kanti Ghosh
- School of Chemical Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata700032, India
| | - Sourav Pramanik
- School of Chemical Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata700032, India
| | - Abu Saleh Musha Islam
- School of Chemical Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata700032, India
| | - Pradyut Ghosh
- School of Chemical Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata700032, India
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9
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Sun F, Zhu Y, Liu X, Chi Z. Highly efficient removal of Se(IV) using reduced graphene oxide-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI/rGO): selenium removal mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:27560-27569. [PMID: 36385336 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24226-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Se(IV) removal using nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) has been extensively studied. Still, the synergistic removal of Se(IV) by reduced graphene oxide-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI/rGO) has not been reported. In this study, nZVI/rGO was successfully synthesized for Se(IV) removal from wastewater. The effects of different environmental conditions (load ratio, dosage, initial pH) on Se(IV) removal by nZVI/rGO were investigated. When the load ratio is 10%, the dosage is 0.3 g/L, the initial pH is 3, and the removal rate is 99%. The adsorption isotherm and kinetics accorded with the Langmuir isotherm and first-order kinetics models (R2 > 0.99). The fitted maximum adsorption capacity reached up to 173.53 mg/g. NZVI/rGo and Se(IV) is a spontaneous endothermic reaction (△G < 0, △H > 0) and is characterized by EDS, XRD, and XPS before and after the reaction, to further clarify the reaction mechanism. The XPS narrow spectrum analysis suggested that Se(IV) was reduced to elemental selenium (Se(0)), while the intermediate Fe(II) was oxidized to form hydroxide precipitation. Therefore, nZVI/rGO was favored for Se-contaminated wastewater remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zifang Chi
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Ho MS, Vettese GF, Morris K, Lloyd JR, Boothman C, Bower WR, Shaw S, Law GTW. Retention of immobile Se(0) in flow-through aquifer column systems during bioreduction and oxic-remobilization. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 834:155332. [PMID: 35460788 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is a toxic contaminant with multiple anthropogenic sources, including 79Se from nuclear fission. Se mobility in the geosphere is generally governed by its oxidation state, therefore understanding Se speciation under variable redox conditions is important for the safe management of Se contaminated sites. Here, we investigate Se behavior in sediment groundwater column systems. Experiments were conducted with environmentally relevant Se concentrations, using a range of groundwater compositions, and the impact of electron-donor (i.e., biostimulation) and groundwater sulfate addition was examined over a period of 170 days. X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy and standard geochemical techniques were used to track changes in sediment associated Se concentration and speciation. Electron-donor amended systems with and without added sulfate retained up to 90% of added Se(VI)(aq), with sediment associated Se speciation dominated by trigonal Se(0) and possibly trace Se(-II); no Se colloid formation was observed. The remobilization potential of the sediment associated Se species was then tested in reoxidation and seawater intrusion perturbation experiments. In all treatments, sediment associated Se (i.e., trigonal Se(0)) was largely resistant to remobilization over the timescale of the experiments (170 days). However, in the perturbation experiments, less Se was remobilized from sulfidic sediments, suggesting that previous sulfate-reducing conditions may buffer Se against remobilization and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory S Ho
- Radiochemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Gianni F Vettese
- Radiochemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Katherine Morris
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Jonathan R Lloyd
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Christopher Boothman
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - William R Bower
- Radiochemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Samuel Shaw
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Gareth T W Law
- Radiochemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, 00014, Finland.
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11
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Liu Y, Qiao J, Sun Y, Guan X. Simultaneous Sequestration of Humic Acid-Complexed Pb(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), and As(V) by Sulfidated Zero-Valent Iron: Performance and Stability of Sequestration Products. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:3127-3137. [PMID: 35174702 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal(loid)s (HMs) such as Pb(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), and As(V) are ubiquitously present in co-contaminated soil and shallow groundwater, where the humic acid (HA)-rich environments can significantly influence their sequestration. In this study, sulfidated zero-valent iron (S-ZVI) was found to be able to simultaneously sequestrate these HA-complexed HMs. Specially, the HA-complexed Pb(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), and As(V) could be completely removed by S-ZVI within 60 min, while only 35-50% of them could be sequestrated within 72 h by unsulfidated ZVI. Interestingly, different from the S-ZVI corrosion behavior, the kinetics of HM sequestration by S-ZVI consisted of an initial slow reaction stage (or a lag phase) and then a fairly rapid reaction process. Characterization results indicated that forming metal sulfides controlled the HM sequestration at the first stage, whereas the enhanced ZVI corrosion and thus-improved adsorption and/or coprecipitation by iron hydroxides governed the second stage. Both metal-oxygen and metal-sulfur bonds in the solid phase could be confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis. Moreover, the transformation of S species from SO42-, SO32-, and S22- to S2- under reducing conditions could allow the sequestrated HMs to remain stable over a long period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Junlian Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Yuankui Sun
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaohong Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
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12
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Shan A, Idrees A, Zaman WQ, Abbas Z, Farooq U, Ali M, Yang R, Zeng G, Danish M, Gu X, Lyu S. Enhancement in reactivity via sulfidation of FeNi@BC for efficient removal of trichloroethylene: Insight mechanism and the role of reactive oxygen species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 794:148674. [PMID: 34214820 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel catalyst of sulfidated iron-nickel supported on biochar (S-FeNi@BC) was synthesized to activate persulfate (PS) for the removal of trichloroethylene (TCE). A number of techniques including XRD, SEM, TEM, FTIR, BET and EDS were employed to characterize S-FeNi@BC. The influence of sulfur to iron ratio (S/F) on TCE removal was investigated by batch experiments and a higher TCE removal (98.4%) was achieved at 0.22/1 ratio of S/F in the PS/S-FeNi@BC oxidation system. A dominant role in iron species conversion was noticed by the addition of sulfur in FeNi@BC system. Significant enhancement in recycling of the dissolved and surface Fe(II) was confirmed which contributed to the generation of free and surface-bound active radical species (OH, O2-, 1O2, SO4-). Further, the presence and contribution of these radicals were validated by the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and quenching study. In addition, XPS results demonstrated the dominant role of S(-II) with the increase of Fe(II) from 36.3% to 58.6% and decrease of Fe(III) from 52.1% to 39.8% in the PS/S-FeNi@BC system. In crux, the influence of initial pH, catalyst dosage, oxidant dosage, and inorganic ions (HCO3-, Cl-, NO3- and SO42-) on TCE removal was also investigated. The findings obtained from this study suggest that S-FeNi@BC is an appropriate catalyst to activate PS for TCE contaminated groundwater remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore 46000, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Idrees
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Waqas Qamar Zaman
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences & Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Zain Abbas
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Usman Farooq
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Meesam Ali
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Engineering and Technology, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Rumin Yang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Guilu Zeng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Muhammad Danish
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Engineering and Technology (UET), Lahore (Faisalabad Campus), G.T. Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Xiaogang Gu
- Shanghai Urban Construction Design & Research Institute (Group) Co., Ltd, 3447 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Shuguang Lyu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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13
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Wang X, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Xu C, Tratnyek PG. Advances in metal(loid) oxyanion removal by zerovalent iron: Kinetics, pathways, and mechanisms. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 280:130766. [PMID: 34162087 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal(loid) oxyanions in groundwater, surface water, and wastewater can have harmful effects on human or ecological health due to their high toxicity, mobility, and lack of degradation. In recent years, the removal of metal(loid) oxyanions using zerovalent iron (ZVI) has been the subject of many studies, but the full scope of this literature has not been systematically reviewed. The main elements that form metal(loid) oxyanions under environmental conditions are Cr(VI), As(V and III), Sb(V and III), Tc(VII), Re(VII), Mo(VI), V(V), etc. The removal mechanisms of metal(loid) oxyanions by ZVI may involve redox reactions, adsorption, precipitation, and coprecipitation, usually with one of these mechanisms being the main reaction pathway and the other playing auxiliary roles. However, the removal mechanisms are coupled to the reactions involved in corrosion of Fe(0) and reaction conditions. The layer of iron oxyhydroxides that forms on ZVI during corrosion mediates the sequestration of metal(loid) oxyanions. This review summarizes most of the currently available data on mechanisms and performance (e.g., kinetics) of removal of the most widely studies metal(loid) oxyanion contaminants (Cr, As, Sb) by different types of ZVI typically used in wastewater treatment, as well as ZVI that has been sulfidated or combination with catalytic bimetals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Chunhua Xu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Paul G Tratnyek
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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14
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Huang H, Ji XB, Cheng LY, Zhao FJ, Wang P. Free Radicals Produced from the Oxidation of Ferrous Sulfides Promote the Remobilization of Cadmium in Paddy Soils During Drainage. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:9845-9853. [PMID: 34191485 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Most of the cadmium (Cd) accumulated in rice grains is derived from its remobilization in soils during the grain filling period when paddy water is drained. The factors affecting Cd remobilization upon drainage remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the free radical effect produced from the oxidation of ferrous sulfides is an important mechanism affecting the oxidative remobilization of Cd during soil drainage. When soils were flooded, microbial sulfate reduction results in the formation of various metal sulfides including CdS and FeS. Upon soil drainage, the oxidation of FeS produced considerable amounts of hydroxyl free radicals (OH•), which could oxidize CdS directly and thereby promote the oxidative dissolution of CdS and increase Cd mobilization in soils. FeS and CdS could also form a within-sulfide voltaic cell, with FeS protecting the oxidative dissolution of CdS due to the lower electrochemical potential of the former. However, this voltaic effect was short-lived and was surpassed by the free radical effect. The amounts and composition of metal sulfides formed during soil flooding vary with soils, and the oxidative dissolution of CdS is affected by both the free radical and voltaic effects offered by different metal sulfides. These effects are also applicable to the biogeochemistry of other chalcophile trace elements coupled with sulfur and iron redox cycles during the anoxic-oxic transition in many environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Ji
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Liang-Yi Cheng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fang-Jie Zhao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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15
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Niu H, Yang Y, Zhao W, Lv H, Zhang H, Cai Y. Single-crystalline Fe 7S 8/Fe 3O 4 coated zero-valent iron synthesized with vacuum chemical vapor deposition technique: Enhanced reductive, oxidative and photocatalytic activity for water purification. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 401:123442. [PMID: 32659592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Well-defined core/shell type single crystalline Fe7S8/Fe3O4 coated α-Fe hybrids (Fe7S8/Fe3O4@Fe) are synthesized with vacuum chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique. The CVD process triggers conversion of naturally formed Fe3O4 layer on the surface of commercial Fe nanoparticles from amorphous into single crystalline phase. The Fe7S8/Fe3O4 coat promotes the surface affinity of dissolved oxygen and targets and rapidly transfers electrons from the Fe core to targets, which decreases water splitting on Fe7S8/Fe3O4@Fe surface and endows Fe7S8/Fe3O4@Fe with ultra-strong reducibility and improved oxidative ability under different conditions. Different with the sulfurized ZVI prepared with hydrothermal or solvothermal method, the increase of reaction solution pH is retarded due to the relieved water splitting instead of releasing H+ via oxidation of S2-/S22- on the Fe7S8 coat. The cooperation of Fe7S8 with Fe3O4 and α-Fe not only improves the anti-oxidation ability of Fe7S8 coating but also broadens its band gap. By using Fe7S8/Fe3O4@Fe nanohybrids as photocatalysts, light irradiation accelerates the degradation of organic pollutants combined with enhanced mineralization efficiency. The Fe7S8/Fe3O4@Fe exhibits good performance when it is utilized to treat the influent from a municipal sewage treatment plant upon air aeration or under visible light and solar light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yongliang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Weijia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hongzhou Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yaqi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
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16
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Ishag A, Li Y, Zhang N, Wang H, Guo H, Mei P, Sun Y. Environmental application of emerging zero-valent iron-based materials on removal of radionuclides from the wastewater: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 188:109855. [PMID: 32846643 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Owing to high surface energy, strong chemical reactivity and large surface area, nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) as a novel emerging material has been extensively utilized in environmental cleanup. Although a lot of reviews regarding the removal of organic contaminants and heavy metals on nZVI are summarized in recent years, the advanced progress concerning the removal of radionuclides on nZVI is still scarce. In this review, we summarized the removal of technetium (Tc), uranium (U), selenium (Se) and other radionuclides on nZVI and nZVI-based composites, then their interaction mechanisms were reviewed in details. This review is crucial for the environmental chemist and material engineer to exploit the actual application of nZVI-based composites as the emerging materials of permeable reactive barrier on the removal of radionuclides from aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhadi Ishag
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, PR China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, PR China
| | - Ning Zhang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, PR China
| | - Huihui Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, PR China
| | - Han Guo
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, PR China
| | - Peng Mei
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, PR China
| | - Yubing Sun
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, PR China.
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17
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Dong H, Li L, Wang Y, Ning Q, Wang B, Zeng G. Aging of zero-valent iron-based nanoparticles in aqueous environment and the consequent effects on their reactivity and toxicity. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2020; 92:646-661. [PMID: 31650665 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental understanding of the long-term fate of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI)-based particles in aqueous environment and the corresponding impacts on their reactivity and toxicity is essential for the responsible use and management of the nanoparticles in environmental applications. This paper comprehensively reviews the physicochemical transformations of nZVI-based particles and the consequent effects on the particle's reactivity and toxicity. The corrosions of nZVI in water under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions are summarized. The transformation of contaminant-bearing nZVI is also discussed. Besides, the factors influencing the transformation of nZVI (i.e., pH, typical anions and cations, natural organic matter, surface stabilizers, bimetal decoration, and sulfidation treatment) are summarized and discussed. In addition, the effects of particle aging on its reactivity and toxicity are discussed. Generally, the aging of nZVI-based particles would have negative impact on the removal of contaminants, especially for the degradation of organic pollutants. However, the aging process of nZVI-based particles would cause a significant reduction in their toxicity. It is suggested that the nZVI-based particles would finally transform to less toxic or benign materials (i.e., iron (oxyhydr)oxides) over time. Finally, future perspectives are proposed to better quantify and predict the transformation of nZVI-based particles in aqueous environment. PRACTITIONER POINTS: The corrosion rates and products of nZVI in water varied much under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Typical anions and cations, natural organic matter, and iron types are critical factors influencing the physicochemical transformation of nZVI. The aging of nZVI would have negative impact its reactivity, especially for the degradation of organic pollutants. Although the fresh nZVI exhibits obvious toxicity, the aging process would cause a significant reduction in its toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Dong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Long Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Yaoyao Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Qin Ning
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
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18
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Cheng D, Neumann A, Yuan S, Liao W, Qian A. Oxidative Degradation of Organic Contaminants by FeS in the Presence of O 2. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:4091-4101. [PMID: 32142604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Reductive transformation of organic contaminants by FeS in anoxic environments has been documented previously, whereas the transformation in oxic environments remains poorly understood. Here we show that phenol can be efficiently oxidized in oxic FeS suspension at circumneutral pH value. We found that hydroxyl radicals (•OH) were the predominant reactive oxidant and that a higher O2 content accelerated phenol degradation. Phenol oxidation depended on •OH production and utilization efficiency, i.e., phenol degraded per •OH produced. Low FeS contents (≤1 g/L) produced less •OH but higher utilization efficiency, while high contents produced more •OH but lower utilization efficiency. Consequently, the most favorable conditions for phenol oxidation occurred during the long-term interaction between dissolved O2 and low levels of FeS (i.e., ≤1 g/L). Mössbauer spectroscopy suggests that FeS oxidation to lepidocrocite initially produced an intermediate Fe(II) phase that could be explained by the apparent preferential oxidation of structural S(-II) relative to Fe(II), rendering a higher initial •OH yield upon unit of Fe(II) oxidation. Trichloroethylene can be also oxidized under similar conditions. Our results demonstrate that oxidative degradation of organic contaminants during the oxygenation of FeS can be a significant but currently underestimated pathway in both natural and engineered systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, No. 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan, Hubei 430078, PR China
| | - Anke Neumann
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Songhu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, No. 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan, Hubei 430078, PR China
| | - Wenjuan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, No. 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan, Hubei 430078, PR China
| | - Ao Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, No. 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan, Hubei 430078, PR China
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19
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Tong J, Li R, Zhang J, Ma X, Wu F, Suo H, Liu C. Coupled dynamics of As-containing ferrihydrite transformation and As desorption/re-adsorption in presence of sulfide. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 384:121287. [PMID: 32028548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the coupled dynamics of the redox transformation of arsenic-containing ferrihydrite, and arsenate desorption and re-adsorption in presence of sulfide. Batch experiments, various microscopic and spectroscopic analyses collectively revealed that electrons from sulfide competitively transferred to ferrihydrite and no arsenate was reduced. The reductive dissolution of ferrihydrite by sulfide led to the quick formation of FeS that competitively decreased the availability of sulfide for its subsequent reduction of ferrihydrite. The quick formation of FeS was followed by a relatively slow transformation of ferrihydrite to magnetite and other Fe(II)-Fe(III) minerals that were primarily bound to the residual ferrihydrite surfaces. As a result of the preservation of As-containing ferrihydrite and surface covering by the secondary minerals, the majority (> 90%)of sorbed arsenate resided in the solid phase, and <10% of arsenate participated in the desorption process during the ferrihydrite dissolution and transformation. The desorption of arsenate was fast, and followed by the kinetic re-adsorption. The rate and extent of the re-adsorption was consistent with the dynamic transformation of the secondary minerals and their sorption affinity toward As. The results have a strong implication to understanding of As concentration changes during the redox transformation of As-containing minerals in groundwater systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Tong
- School of the Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Rong Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of the Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of the Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaoming Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-Environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental Sciences & Technology, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Hongri Suo
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of the Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chongxuan Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of the Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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20
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Ji H, Zhu Y, Duan J, Liu W, Zhao D. Reductive immobilization and long-term remobilization of radioactive pertechnetate using bio-macromolecules stabilized zero valent iron nanoparticles. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Li D, Seaman JC, Hunyadi Murph SE, Kaplan DI, Taylor-Pashow K, Feng R, Chang H, Tandukar M. Porous iron material for TcO 4- and ReO 4- sequestration from groundwater under ambient oxic conditions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 374:177-185. [PMID: 30999141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Technetium-99 (99Tc) is a major contaminant at nuclear power plants and several US Department of Energy sites. Its most common aqueous species, pertechnetate (TcO4-), is very mobile in the environment, and currently there are no effective technologies for its sequestration. In this work, a porous iron (pFe) material was investigated for TcO4- and perrhenate (ReO4-) sequestration from artificial groundwater. The pFe was significantly more effective than granular iron for both TcO4- and ReO4- sequestration under oxic conditions. The Tc removal capacity was 27.5 mg Tc/g pFe at pH ˜6.8, while the Re removal capacity was 23.9 mg Re/g pFe at pH ˜10.6. Tc K-edge XANES and EXAFS analyses indicated that the removed Tc species was 70-80% Tc(IV) that was likely incorporated into Fe corrosion products (i.e., Fe(OOH), Fe3O4) and 20-30% unreduced TcO4-. In contrast, the removed Re species was ReO4- only, without detectable Re(IV). In addition, the sequestered ReO4- was not extracted (<3%) by 0.1 M Na2SO4 and 1 M KI solution, which indicated that ReO4- and by chemical analogy, unreduced TcO4-, was likely incorporated into Fe corrosion products. This inexpensive pFe material may be applied to the sequestration and stabilization of 99TcO4- from contaminated environments and nuclear waste streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dien Li
- Savannah River National Laboratory, Aiken, SC, 29808, USA.
| | - John C Seaman
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC, 29802, USA
| | - Simona E Hunyadi Murph
- Savannah River National Laboratory, Aiken, SC, 29808, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | | | | | - Renfei Feng
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0X4, Canada
| | - Hyunshik Chang
- Hӧganäs Environmental Solutions LLC, Cary, NC, 27513, USA
| | - Madan Tandukar
- Hӧganäs Environmental Solutions LLC, Cary, NC, 27513, USA
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22
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Xu J, Wang Y, Weng C, Bai W, Jiao Y, Kaegi R, Lowry GV. Reactivity, Selectivity, and Long-Term Performance of Sulfidized Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron with Different Properties. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:5936-5945. [PMID: 31022346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sulfidized nanoscale zerovalent iron (SNZVI) has desirable properties for in situ groundwater remediation. However, there is limited understanding of how the sulfidation type and particle properties affect the reactivity and selectivity of SNZVI toward groundwater contaminants, or how reactivity changes as the particles age. Here, SNZVI synthesized by either a one-step (SNZVI-1) or two-step (SNZVI-2) process were characterized, and the reactivity of both fresh and aged (1d to 60 d) nanoparticles was assessed. The measured S/Fe ratio was 5.4 ± 0.5 mol % for SNZVI-1 and 0.8 ± 0.1 mol % for SNZVI-2. XPS analysis indicates S2-, S22-, and S n2- species on the surface of both SNZVI-1 and SNZVI-2, while S22- is the dominant species inside of the SNZVI nanoparticles. SNZVI-1 particles were hydrophobic (contact angle = 103 ± 3°), while the other materials were hydrophilic (contact angles were 18 ± 2° and 36 ± 3° for NZVI and SNZVI-2, respectively). SNZVI-1, with greater S content and hydrophobicity, was less reactive with water than either NZVI or SNZVI-2 over a 60 d period, resulting in less H2 evolution. It also had the highest reactivity with TCE and the lowest reactivity with nitrate, consistent with its higher hydrophobicity. In contrast, both NZVI and SNZVI-2 were reactive with both TCE and nitrate. Both types of SNZVI remained more reactive after aging in water over 60 d than NZVI. These data suggest that the properties of the SNZVI made from a one-step synthesis procedure may provide better reactivity, selectivity, and longevity than that made from a two-step process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Xu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
- Center for Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology , Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15261 , United States
| | - Cindy Weng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Weiliang Bai
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Rälf Kaegi
- Eawag , Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , Überlandstrasse 133 , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Gregory V Lowry
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
- Center for Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology , Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
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23
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Wang L, Song H, Yuan L, Li Z, Zhang P, Gibson JK, Zheng L, Wang H, Chai Z, Shi W. Effective Removal of Anionic Re(VII) by Surface-Modified Ti 2CT x MXene Nanocomposites: Implications for Tc(VII) Sequestration. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:3739-3747. [PMID: 30843686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b07083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contamination by 99Tc(VII) from radioactive wastewater streams is of particular concern due to the long half-life of 99Tc and high mobility of pertechnetate. Herein, we report a novel MXene-polyelectrolyte nanocomposite with three-dimensional networks for enhanced removal of perrhenate, which is pertechnetate simulant. The introduction of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) regulates the surface charge and improves the stability of Ti2CT x nanosheet, resulting in Re(VII) removal capacity of up to 363 mg g-1, and fast sorption kinetics. The Ti2CT x/PDDA nanocomposite furthermore exhibits good selectivity for ReO4- when competing anions (such as Cl- and SO42-) coexist at a concentration of 1800 times. The immobilization mechanism was confirmed as a sorption-reduction process by batch sorption experiments and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The pH-dependent reducing activity of Ti2CT x/PDDA nanocomposite toward Re(VII) was clarified by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. As the pH increases, the local environment gradually changes from octahedral-coordinated Re(IV) to tetrahedral-coordinated Re(VII). The overall results suggest that Ti2CT x/PDDA nanocomposite may be a promising candidate for efficient elimination of Tc contamination. The reported surface modification strategy might result in applications of MXene-based materials in environmental remediation of other oxidized anion pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Huan Song
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Hunan Key Laboratory for the Design and Application of Actinide Complexes , University of South China , Hengyang 421001 , China
| | - Liyong Yuan
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Zijie Li
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - John K Gibson
- Chemical Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Lirong Zheng
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Hongqing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Hunan Key Laboratory for the Design and Application of Actinide Complexes , University of South China , Hengyang 421001 , China
| | - Zhifang Chai
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials , Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo , Zhejiang 315201 , China
| | - Weiqun Shi
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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24
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Newsome L, Morris K, Cleary A, Masters-Waage NK, Boothman C, Joshi N, Atherton N, Lloyd JR. The impact of iron nanoparticles on technetium-contaminated groundwater and sediment microbial communities. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 364:134-142. [PMID: 30343175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Iron nanoparticles are a promising new technology to treat contaminated groundwater, particularly as they can be engineered to optimise their transport properties. Technetium is a common contaminant at nuclear sites and can be reductively scavenged from groundwater by iron(II). Here we investigated the potential for a range of optimised iron nanoparticles to remove technetium from contaminated groundwater, and groundwater/sediment systems. Nano zero-valent iron and Carbo-iron stimulated the development of anoxic conditions while generating Fe(II) which reduced soluble Tc(VII) to sparingly soluble Tc(IV). Similar results were observed for Fe(II)-bearing biomagnetite, albeit at a slower rate. Tc(VII) remained in solution in the presence of the Fe(III) mineral nano-goethite, until acetate was added to stimulate microbial Fe(III)-reduction after which Tc(VII) concentrations decreased concomitant with Fe(II) ingrowth. The addition of iron nanoparticles to sediment microcosms caused an increase in the relative abundance of Firmicutes, consistent with fermentative/anoxic metabolisms. Residual bacteria from the synthesis of the biomagnetite nanoparticles were out-competed by the sediment microbial community. Overall the results showed that iron nanoparticles were highly effective in removing Tc(VII) from groundwater in sediment systems, and generated sustained anoxic conditions via the stimulation of beneficial microbial processes including Fe(III)-reduction and sulfate reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Newsome
- Williamson Research Centre and Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal, School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Katherine Morris
- Williamson Research Centre and Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal, School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Adrian Cleary
- Williamson Research Centre and Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal, School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Nicholas Karl Masters-Waage
- Williamson Research Centre and Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal, School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Christopher Boothman
- Williamson Research Centre and Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal, School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Nimisha Joshi
- Williamson Research Centre and Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal, School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Nick Atherton
- Sellafield Ltd. Land Quality, Sellafield, Seascale, Cumbria, CA20 1PG, UK
| | - Jonathan R Lloyd
- Williamson Research Centre and Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal, School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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25
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Ji H, Zhu Y, Liu W, Bozack MJ, Qian T, Zhao D. Sequestration of pertechnetate using carboxymethyl cellulose stabilized FeS nanoparticles: Effectiveness and mechanisms. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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26
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Application of nZVI and its composites into the treatment of toxic/radioactive metal ions. INTERFACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-102727-1.00006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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27
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Peng J, Yan J, Chen Q, Jiang X, Yao G, Lai B. Natural mackinawite catalytic ozonation for N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) degradation in aqueous solution: Kinetic, performance, biotoxicity and mechanism. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 210:831-842. [PMID: 30048935 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To enhance the degradation of N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) in aqueous solution, the natural mackinawite (NM) is introduced for catalytic ozonation in this study as it is an environmentally friendly catalyst with low cost and easy availability. The properties of the NM were initially characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Then, impact factors including NM dosage, ozone gas concentration and initial pH were investigated and the optimal conditions (i.e., NM dosage = 3.5 g/L, ozone gas concentration = 300 L/min, initial pH = 6.8) were obtained in NM/O3 process. Besides, the superiority of the NM/O3 process was confirmed by the experiments that the degradation efficiency of DMAC in the NM/O3 process (i.e., 95.4%) was much higher than that in the zero-valent iron (ZVI)/O3 process (i.e., 46.1%) and the synthetic FeS/O3 process (i.e., 68.6%). Furthermore, the intermediate and possible degradation pathway of DMAC were proposed, and the biological toxicity of the intermediate was subsequently evaluated by the activated sludge. Finally, the mechanism of the NM/O3 process was proposed in this study based on control experiment and radical scavenging experiment. The extraordinary efficiency for DMAC degradation was found to be mainly caused by HO• of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) (i.e., HO•, O2•- and H2O2) generated in the NM/O3 process. Therefore, this study confirmed that NM was a high efficient catalyst for degradation the toxic and refractory pollutants in catalytic ozonation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Peng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jianfei Yan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qixuan Chen
- Haitian Water Group Co., Ltd, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Gang Yao
- Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Institute of Environmental Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Bo Lai
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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28
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Lawter AR, Garcia WL, Kukkadapu RK, Qafoku O, Bowden ME, Saslow SA, Qafoku NP. Technetium and iodine aqueous species immobilization and transformations in the presence of strong reductants and calcite-forming solutions: Remedial action implications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 636:588-595. [PMID: 29723831 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
At the Hanford Site in southeastern Washington, discharge of radionuclide laden liquid wastes resulted in vadose zone contamination, providing a continuous source of these contaminants to groundwater. The presence of multiple contaminants (i.e., 99Tc and 129I) increases the complexity of finding viable remediation technologies to sequester contaminants in situ and protect groundwater. Although previous studies have shown the efficiency of zero valent iron (ZVI) and sulfur modified iron (SMI) in reducing mobile Tc(VII) to immobile Tc(IV) and iodate incorporation into calcite, the coupled effects from simultaneously using these remedial technologies have not been previously studied. In this first-of-a-kind laboratory study, we used reductants (ZVI or SMI) and calcite-forming solutions to simultaneously remove aqueous Tc(VII) and iodate via reduction and incorporation, respectively. The results confirmed that Tc(VII) was rapidly removed from the aqueous phase via reduction to Tc(IV). Most of the aqueous iodate was transformed to iodide faster than incorporation into calcite occurred, and therefore the I remained in the aqueous phase. These results suggested that this remedial pathway is not efficient in immobilizing iodate when reductants are present. Other experiments suggested that iodate removal via calcite precipitation should occur prior to adding reductants for Tc(VII) removal. When microbes were included in the tests, there was no negative impact on the microbial population but changes in the makeup of the microbial community were observed. These microbial community changes may have an impact on remediation efforts in the long-term that could not be seen in a short-term study. The results underscore the importance of identifying interactions between natural attenuation pathways and remediation technologies that only target individual contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R Lawter
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99352, United States.
| | - Whitney L Garcia
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Ravi K Kukkadapu
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Odeta Qafoku
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Mark E Bowden
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Sarah A Saslow
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Nikolla P Qafoku
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99352, United States
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29
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Su Y, Jassby D, Song S, Zhou X, Zhao H, Filip J, Petala E, Zhang Y. Enhanced Oxidative and Adsorptive Removal of Diclofenac in Heterogeneous Fenton-like Reaction with Sulfide Modified Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:6466-6475. [PMID: 29767520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sulfidation of nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) has shown some fundamental improvements on reactivity and selectivity toward pollutants in dissolved-oxygen (DO)-stimulated Fenton-like reaction systems (DO/S-nZVI system). However, the pristine microstructure of sulfide-modified nanoscale zerovalent iron (S-nZVI) remains uncovered. In addition, the relationship between pollutant removal and the oxidation of the S-nZVI is largely unknown. The present study confirms that sulfidation not only imparts sulfide and sulfate groups onto the surface of the nanoparticle (both on the oxide shell and on flake-like structures) but also introduces sulfur into the Fe(0) core region. Sulfidation greatly inhibits the four-electron transfer pathway between Fe(0) and oxygen but facilitates the electron transfer from Fe(0) to surface-bound Fe(III) and consecutive single-electron transfer for the generation of H2O2 and hydroxyl radical. In the DO/S-nZVI system, slight sulfidation (S/Fe molar ratio = 0.1) is able to nearly double the oxidative removal efficacy of diclofenac (DCF) (from 17.8 to 34.2%), whereas moderate degree of sulfidation (S/Fe molar ratio = 0.3) significantly enhances both oxidation and adsorption of DCF. Furthermore, on the basis of the oxidation model of S-nZVI, the DCF removal process can be divided into two steps, which are well modeled by parabolic and logarithmic law separately. This study bridges the knowledge gap between pollutant removal and the oxidation process of chemically modified iron-based nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Su
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , China
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - David Jassby
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Shikun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , China
| | - Xuefei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , China
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , China
| | - Hongying Zhao
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , China
| | - Jan Filip
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials , Palacký University Olomouc , Šlechtitelů 27 , 783 71 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Eleni Petala
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials , Palacký University Olomouc , Šlechtitelů 27 , 783 71 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Yalei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , China
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , China
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30
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Dong H, Zhang C, Deng J, Jiang Z, Zhang L, Cheng Y, Hou K, Tang L, Zeng G. Factors influencing degradation of trichloroethylene by sulfide-modified nanoscale zero-valent iron in aqueous solution. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 135:1-10. [PMID: 29438739 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sulfide-modified nanoscale zero-valent iron (S/NZVI) has been considered as an efficient material to degrade trichloroethylene (TCE) in groundwater. However, some critical factors influencing the dechlorination of TCE by S/NZVI have not been investigated clearly. In this study, the effects of Fe/S molar ratio, initial pH, dissolved oxygen and particle aging on TCE dechlorination by S/NZVI (using dithionite as sulfidation reagent) were studied. Besides, the feasibility of reactivation of the aged-NZVI by sulfidation treatment was looked into. The results show that the Fe/S molar ratio and initial pH significantly influenced the TCE dechlorination, and a higher TCE dechlorination was observed at Fe/S molar ratio of ∼60 under alkaline condition. Spectroscopic analyses demonstrate that the enhanced TCE dechlorination was associated with the presence of FeS on the surface of S/NZVI. Dissolved oxygen had little effect on TCE dechlorination by S/NZVI, revealing that the FeS layer could be able to alleviate the surface passivation of NZVI caused by oxidation. Aging of S/NZVI up to 10-20 d only slightly decreased the dechlorination efficiency of TCE. Although an obvious drop in dechorination efficiency was observed for the S/NZVI aged for 30 d, it still exhibited a higher reactivity than the bare NZVI. This indicates that sulfidation of NZVI did prolong its lifetime. Additionally, sulfidation treatment was used to reactivate the aged NZVI, and the results show that the reactivated NZVI even had higher reactivity than the fresh NZVI, suggesting that sulfidation treatment would be a promising method to reactivate the aged NZVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Dong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
| | - Cong Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Junmin Deng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Zhao Jiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yujun Cheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Kunjie Hou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Lin Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
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31
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Li J, Zhang X, Liu M, Pan B, Zhang W, Shi Z, Guan X. Enhanced Reactivity and Electron Selectivity of Sulfidated Zerovalent Iron toward Chromate under Aerobic Conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:2988-2997. [PMID: 29446929 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b06502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
When zerovalent iron (ZVI) is used in reductive removal of contaminants from industrial wastewater, where dissolved oxygen (DO) competes with target contaminant for the electrons donated by ZVI, both the reactivity and the electron selectivity (ES) of ZVI toward target contaminant are critical. Thus, the reactivity and ES of two sulfidated ZVI (S-ZVI) samples, synthesized by ball-milling with elemental sulfur (S-ZVIbm) and reacting with Na2S (S-ZVINa2S), toward Cr(VI) under aerobic conditions were investigated. Sulfidation appreciably increased the reactivity of ZVI and the ratio of the rate constants for Cr(VI) removal by S-ZVIbm or S-ZVINa2S to their counterparts without sulfur fell in the range of 1.4-29.9. ES of S-ZVIbm and S-ZVINa2S toward Cr(VI) were determined to be 14.6% and 13.3%, which were 10.7- and 7.5-fold greater than that without sulfidation, respectively. This was mainly ascribed to the greater improving effect of sulfidation on the reduction rate of Cr(VI) than that of DO by ZVI. The improving effects of sulfidation on the performance of ZVI were mainly due to the following mechanisms: sulfidation increased the specific surface area of ZVI, the FeS x layer facilitated the enrichment of Cr(VI) anions on S-ZVI surface because of its anions selective property and favored the electron transfer from Fe0 core to Cr(VI) at the surface because of its role as efficient electron conductor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , P.R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security , Shanghai 200092 , P.R. China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , P.R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security , Shanghai 200092 , P.R. China
| | - Meichuan Liu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , P.R. China
| | - Bingcai Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , Jiangsu Province P.R. China
| | - Weiming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , Jiangsu Province P.R. China
| | - Zhong Shi
- Department of Physics , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , P.R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security , Shanghai 200092 , P.R. China
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Masters-Waage NK, Morris K, Lloyd JR, Shaw S, Mosselmans JFW, Boothman C, Bots P, Rizoulis A, Livens FR, Law GTW. Impacts of Repeated Redox Cycling on Technetium Mobility in the Environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:14301-14310. [PMID: 29144125 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Technetium is a problematic contaminant at nuclear sites and little is known about how repeated microbiologically mediated redox cycling impacts its fate in the environment. We explore this question in sediments representative of the Sellafield Ltd. site, UK, over multiple reduction and oxidation cycles spanning ∼1.5 years. We found the amount of Tc remobilised from the sediment into solution significantly decreased after repeated redox cycles. X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) confirmed that sediment bound Tc was present as hydrous TcO2-like chains throughout experimentation and that Tc's increased resistance to remobilization (via reoxidation to soluble TcO4-) resulted from both shortening of TcO2 chains during redox cycling and association of Tc(IV) with Fe phases in the sediment. We also observed that Tc(IV) remaining in solution during bioreduction was likely associated with colloidal magnetite nanoparticles. These findings highlight crucial links between Tc and Fe biogeochemical cycles that have significant implications for Tc's long-term environmental mobility, especially under ephemeral redox conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas K Masters-Waage
- Centre for Radiochemistry Research, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester , M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester , M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Morris
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester , M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R Lloyd
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester , M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Shaw
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester , M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - J Frederick W Mosselmans
- Diamond Light Source Ltd ., Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Boothman
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester , M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Pieter Bots
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester , M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Athanasios Rizoulis
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester , M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Francis R Livens
- Centre for Radiochemistry Research, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester , M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth T W Law
- Centre for Radiochemistry Research, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester , M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Fan D, Lan Y, Tratnyek PG, Johnson RL, Filip J, O'Carroll DM, Nunez Garcia A, Agrawal A. Sulfidation of Iron-Based Materials: A Review of Processes and Implications for Water Treatment and Remediation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:13070-13085. [PMID: 29035566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Iron-based materials used in water treatment and groundwater remediation-especially micro- and nanosized zerovalent iron (nZVI)-can be more effective when modified with lower-valent forms of sulfur (i.e., "sulfidated"). Controlled sulfidation for this purpose (using sulfide, dithionite, etc.) is the main topic of this review, but insights are derived by comparison with related and comparatively well-characterized processes such as corrosion of iron in sulfidic waters and abiotic natural attenuation by iron sulfide minerals. Material characterization shows that varying sulfidation protocols (e.g., concerted or sequential) and key operational variables (e.g., S/Fe ratio and sulfidation duration) result in materials with structures and morphologies ranging from core-shell to multiphase. A meta-analysis of available kinetic data for dechlorination under anoxic conditions, shows that sulfidation usually increases dechlorination rates, and simultaneously hydrogen production is suppressed. Therefore, sulfidation can greatly improve the efficiency of utilization of reducing equivalents for contaminant removal. This benefit is most likely due to inhibited corrosion as a result of sulfidation. Sulfidation may also favor desirable pathways of contaminant removal, such as (i) dechlorination by reductive elimination rather than hydrogenolysis and (ii) sequestration of metals as sulfides that could be resistant to reoxidation. Under oxic conditions, sulfidation is shown to enhance heterogeneous catalytic oxidation of contaminants. These net effects of sulfidation on contaminant removal by iron-based materials may substantially improve their practical utility for water treatment and remediation of contaminated groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimin Fan
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Fellow, Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2777 Crystal Drive, Arlington, Virginia 22202, United States
| | - Ying Lan
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University , 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Paul G Tratnyek
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University , 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Richard L Johnson
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University , 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Jan Filip
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc , Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Denis M O'Carroll
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Connected Water Initiative, University of New South Wales , Manly Vale, New South Wales 2093, Australia
| | - Ariel Nunez Garcia
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Western University , 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario Canada
| | - Abinash Agrawal
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Wright State University, Wright State University , 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, Ohio 45435, United States
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Cao Z, Liu X, Xu J, Zhang J, Yang Y, Zhou J, Xu X, Lowry GV. Removal of Antibiotic Florfenicol by Sulfide-Modified Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:11269-11277. [PMID: 28902992 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Florfenicol (FF, C12H14Cl2FNO4S), an emerging halogenated organic contaminant of concern was effectively degraded in water by sulfidized nanoscale zerovalent iron (S-nZVI). Sulfidized nZVI (62.5 m2 g-1) that was prepared using a one-step method resulted in small Fe0/Fe-sulfide particles that were more stable against aggregation than unsulfidized nZVI (10.2 m2 g-1). No obvious removal of FF was observed by unsulfidized nZVI. S-nZVI degraded FF, having a surface area normalized reaction rate constant of 3.1 × 10-4 L m-2 min-1. The effects of the S/Fe molar ratio, initial FF concentration, initial pH, temperature, and water composition on the removal of FF by S-nZVI, and on the formation of reaction products, were systematically investigated. Both dechlorination and defluorination were observed, resulting in four degradation products (C12H15ClFNO4S, C12H16FNO4S, C12H17NO4S, and C12H17NO5S). High removal efficiencies of FF by S-nZVI were achieved in groundwater, river water, seawater, and wastewater. The reactivity of S-nZVI was relatively unaffected by the presence of both dissolved ions and organic matter in the waters tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University , Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Xue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University , Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University , Shanghai 200062, China
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh 15213, United States
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University , Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University , Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Junliang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University , Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Xinhua Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Gregory V Lowry
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh 15213, United States
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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35
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Newsome L, Cleary A, Morris K, Lloyd JR. Long-Term Immobilization of Technetium via Bioremediation with Slow-Release Substrates. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:1595-1604. [PMID: 28051295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b04876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Radionuclides are present in groundwater at contaminated nuclear facilities with technetium-99, one of the most mobile radionuclides encountered. In situ bioremediation via the generation of microbially reducing conditions has the potential to remove aqueous and mobile Tc(VII) from groundwater as insoluble Tc(IV). However, questions remain regarding the optimal methods of biostimulation and the stability of reduced Tc(IV) phases under oxic conditions. Here, we selected a range of slow-release electron donor/chemical reduction based substrates available for contaminated land treatment, and assessed their potential to stimulate the formation of recalcitrant Tc(IV) biominerals under conditions relevant to radioactively contaminated land. These included a slow-release polylactate substrate (HRC), a similar substrate with an additional organosulfur ester (MRC) and a substrate containing zerovalent iron and plant matter (EHC). Results showed that Tc was removed from solution in the form of poorly soluble hydrous Tc(IV)-oxides or Tc(IV)-sulfides during the development of reducing conditions. Reoxidation experiments showed that these phases were largely resistant to oxidative remobilization and were more resistant than Tc(IV) produced via biostimulation with an acetate/lactate electron donor mix in the sediments tested. The implications of the targeted formation of recalcitrant Tc(IV) phases using these proprietorial substrates in situ is discussed in the context of the long-term management of technetium at legacy nuclear sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Newsome
- Williamson Research Centre and Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester , Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Cleary
- Williamson Research Centre and Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester , Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Morris
- Williamson Research Centre and Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester , Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R Lloyd
- Williamson Research Centre and Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester , Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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Cheng D, Yuan S, Liao P, Zhang P. Oxidizing Impact Induced by Mackinawite (FeS) Nanoparticles at Oxic Conditions due to Production of Hydroxyl Radicals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:11646-11653. [PMID: 27700060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mackinawite (FeS) nanoparticles have been extensively tested for reducing contaminants under anoxic conditions, while the oxidizing impact induced by FeS under oxic conditions has been largely underestimated. In light of previous findings that hydroxyl radicals (·OH) can be produced from oxygenation of sediment Fe(II), herein we revealed that ·OH can be produced efficiently from FeS oxygenation at circumneutral conditions, yielding 84.7 μmol ·OH per g FeS. Much more ·OH was produced from the oxygenation of FeS compared with siderite, pyrite, and zerovalent iron nanoparticles under the same conditions. The oxidation of FeS was a surface-mediated process, in which O2 was transformed by the structural Fe(II) on FeS surface to ·OH with the generation of H2O2 intermediate. A small proportion of Fe(II) was regenerated from the reduction of Fe(III) by FeS and S(-II), but this proportion did not significantly contribute to ·OH production. We further validated that the ·OH produced from FeS oxygenation considerably contributed to the oxidation of arsenic. As the change of redox conditions from anoxic to oxic is common in both natural and artificial processes, our findings suggest that the oxidizing impact induced by FeS at oxic conditions should be concerned due to ·OH production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences , 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Songhu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences , 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Peng Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences , 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences , 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, PR China
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37
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Xu C, Zhang B, Wang Y, Shao Q, Zhou W, Fan D, Bandstra JZ, Shi Z, Tratnyek PG. Effects of Sulfidation, Magnetization, and Oxygenation on Azo Dye Reduction by Zerovalent Iron. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:11879-11887. [PMID: 27684600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Applications of zerovalent iron (ZVI) for water treatment under aerobic conditions include sequestration of metals (e.g., in acid mine drainage) and decolorization of dyes (in wastewaters from textile manufacturing). The processes responsible for contaminant removal can be a complex mixture of reduction, oxidation, sorption, and coprecipitation processes, which are further complicated by the dynamics of oxygen intrusion, mixing, and oxide precipitation. To better understand such systems, the removal of an azo dye (Orange I) by micron-sized granular ZVI at neutral pH was studied in open (aerobic) stirred batch reactors, by measuring the kinetics of Orange I decolorization and changes in "geochemical" properties (DO, Fe(II), and Eh), with and without two treatments that might improve the long-term performance of this system: sulfidation by pretreatment with sulfide and magnetization by application of a weak magnetic field (WMF). The results show that the changes in solution chemistry are coupled to the dynamics of oxygen intrusion, which was modeled as analogous to dissolved oxygen sag curves. Both sulfidation and magnetization increased Orange I removal rates 2.4-71.8-fold, but there was little synergistic benefit to applying both enhancements together. Respike experiments showed that the enhancement from magnetization carries over from magnetization to sulfidation, but not the reverse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong 250100, P.R. China
| | - Bingliang Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong 250100, P.R. China
| | - Yahao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong 250100, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Shao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong 250100, P.R. China
| | - Weizhi Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong 250100, P.R. China
| | - Dimin Fan
- Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Arlington, Virginia 22202, United States
| | - Joel Z Bandstra
- School of Sciences, Saint Francis University , 117 Evergreen Drive, Loretto, Pennsylvania 15940, United States
| | - Zhenqing Shi
- School of Environment and Energy South China, University of Technology, Guangzhou , Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Paul G Tratnyek
- Institute of Environmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University , 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
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Zhao X, Liu W, Cai Z, Han B, Qian T, Zhao D. An overview of preparation and applications of stabilized zero-valent iron nanoparticles for soil and groundwater remediation. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 100:245-266. [PMID: 27206054 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nano-scale zero-valent iron (nZVI) is one of the most intensively studied materials for environmental cleanup uses over the past 20 years or so. Freshly prepared nZVI is highly reactive due to its high specific surface area and strong reducing power. Over years, the classic borohydride reduction method for preparing nZVI has been modified by use of various stabilizers or surface modifiers to acquire more stable and soil deliverable nZVI for treatment of different organic and inorganic contaminants in water and soil. While most studies have been focused on testing nZVI for water treatment, the greater potential or advantage of nZVI appears to be for in situ remediation of contaminated soil and groundwater by directly delivering stabilized nZVI into the contaminated subsurface as it was proposed from the beginning. Compared to conventional remediation practices, the in situ remediation technique using stabilized nZVI offers some unique advantages. This work provides an update on the latest development of stabilized nZVI for various environmental cleanup uses, and overviews the evolution and environmental applications of stabilized nZVI. Commonly used stabilizers are compared and the stabilizing mechanisms are discussed. The effectiveness and constraints of the nZVI-based in situ remediation technology are summarized. This review also reveals some critical knowledge gaps and research needs, such as interactions between delivered nZVI and the local biogeochemical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhao
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Wen Liu
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Zhengqing Cai
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Bing Han
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Tianwei Qian
- Institute of Environmental Science, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, PR China
| | - Dongye Zhao
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; Institute of Environmental Science, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, PR China.
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Lee MS, Um W, Wang G, Kruger AA, Lukens WW, Rousseau R, Glezakou VA. Impeding (99)Tc(IV) mobility in novel waste forms. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12067. [PMID: 27357121 PMCID: PMC4931311 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Technetium (99Tc) is an abundant, long-lived radioactive fission product whose mobility in the subsurface is largely governed by its oxidation state. Tc immobilization is crucial for radioactive waste management and environmental remediation. Tc(IV) incorporation in spinels has been proposed as a novel method to increase Tc retention in glass waste forms during vitrification. However, experiments under high-temperature and oxic conditions show reoxidation of Tc(IV) to volatile pertechnetate, Tc(VII). Here we examine this problem with ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and propose that, at elevated temperatures, doping with first row transition metal can significantly enhance Tc retention in magnetite in the order Co>Zn>Ni. Experiments with doped spinels at 700 °C provide quantitative confirmation of the theoretical predictions in the same order. This work highlights the power of modern, state-of-the-art simulations to provide essential insights and generate theory-inspired design criteria of complex materials at elevated temperatures. Technetium-99 retention in spinel-containing glass is a promising strategy for radioactive waste management, but volatility is still an issue. Here, the authors show that doping magnetite with 1st row transition metals enhances technetium retention by altering the redox capacity of the Tc-containing spinel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mal-Soon Lee
- Fundamental and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Wooyong Um
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.,Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Guohui Wang
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Albert A Kruger
- United States Department of Energy, Office of River Protection, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Wayne W Lukens
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Roger Rousseau
- Fundamental and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Vassiliki-Alexandra Glezakou
- Fundamental and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
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40
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Gong Y, Tang J, Zhao D. Application of iron sulfide particles for groundwater and soil remediation: A review. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 89:309-320. [PMID: 26707732 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Rapid industrialization and urbanization have resulted in elevated concentrations of hazardous inorganic and organic contaminants in groundwater and soil, which has become a paramount concern to the environment and the public health. In recent years, iron sulfide (FeS), a major constituent of acid-volatile sulfides, has elicited extensive interests in environmental remediation due to its ubiquitous presence and high treatment efficiency in anoxic environment. This paper provides a comprehensive review on recent advances in: (1) synthesis of FeS particles (including nanoscale FeS); and (2) reactivity of FeS towards a variety of common environmental contaminants in groundwater and soil over extended periods of time, namely, heavy metals (Hg(II), Cu(II), Pb(II), and Cr(VI)), oxyanions (arsenite, arsenate, selenite, and selenate), radionuclides (e.g., uranium (U) and neptunium (Np)), chlorinated organic compounds (e.g., trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, and p-chloroaniline), nitroaromatic compounds, and polychlorinated biphenyls. Different physiochemical and biological methods for preparing FeS with desired particle size, structure, and surface properties are discussed. Reaction principles and removal effectiveness/constraints are discussed in details. Special attention is placed to the application of nanoscale FeS particles because of their unique properties, such as small particle size, large specific surface area, high surface reactivity, and soil deliverability in the subsurface. Moreover, current knowledge gaps and further research needs are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jingchun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Dongye Zhao
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
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41
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Smith FN, Taylor CD, Um W, Kruger AA. Technetium Incorporation into Goethite (α-FeOOH): An Atomic-Scale Investigation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:13699-13707. [PMID: 26513333 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
During the processing of low-activity radioactive waste to generate solid waste forms (e.g., glass), technetium-99 (Tc) is of concern because of its volatility. A variety of materials are under consideration to capture Tc from waste streams, including the iron oxyhydroxide, goethite (α-FeOOH), which was experimentally shown to sequester Tc(IV). This material could ultimately be incorporated into glass or alternative low-temperature waste form matrices. However, questions remain regarding the incorporation mechanism for Tc(IV) in goethite, which has implications for predicting the long-term stability of Tc in waste forms under changing conditions. Here, quantum-mechanical calculations were used to evaluate the energy of five different charge-compensated Tc(IV) incorporation scenarios in goethite. The two most stable incorporation mechanisms involve direct substitution of Tc(IV) onto Fe(III) lattice sites and charge balancing either by removing one nearby H(+) (i.e., within 5 Å) or by creating an Fe(III) vacancy when substituting 3 Tc(IV) for 4 Fe(III), with the former being preferred over the latter relative to gas-phase ions. When corrections for hydrated references phases are applied, the Fe(III)-vacancy mechanism becomes more energetically competitive. Calculated incorporation energies and optimized bond lengths are presented. Proton movement is observed to satisfy undercoordinated bonds surrounding Fe(III)-vacancies in the goethite structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances N Smith
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Christopher D Taylor
- Fontana Corrosion Center, Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Strategic Research and Innovation, DNV GL, Dublin, Ohio 43017, United States
| | - Wooyong Um
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Albert A Kruger
- United States Department of Energy, Office of River Protection, P.O. Box 450, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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Li J, Chen C, Zhang R, Wang X. Reductive immobilization of Re(VII) by graphene modified nanoscale zero-valent iron particles using a plasma technique. Sci China Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-015-5452-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
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Shi Z, Fan D, Johnson RL, Tratnyek PG, Nurmi JT, Wu Y, Williams KH. Methods for characterizing the fate and effects of nano zerovalent iron during groundwater remediation. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2015; 181:17-35. [PMID: 25841976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The emplacement of nano zerovalent iron (nZVI) for groundwater remediation is usually monitored by common measurements such as pH, total iron content, and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) by potentiometry. However, the interpretation of such measurements can be misleading because of the complex interactions between the target materials (e.g., suspensions of highly reactive and variably aggregated nanoparticles) and aquifer materials (sediments and groundwater), and multiple complications related to sampling and detection methods. This paper reviews current practice for both direct and indirect characterizations of nZVI during groundwater remediation and explores prospects for improving these methods and/or refining the interpretation of these measurements. To support our recommendations, results are presented based on laboratory batch and column studies of nZVI detection using chemical, electrochemical, and geophysical methods. Chemical redox probes appear to be a promising new method for specifically detecting nZVI, based on laboratory tests. The potentiometric and voltammetric detections of iron nanoparticles, using traditional stationary disc electrodes, rotating disc electrodes, and flow-through cell disc electrodes, provide insight for interpreting ORP measurements, which are affected by solution chemistry conditions and the interactions between iron nanoparticles and the electrode surface. The geophysical methods used for characterizing ZVI during groundwater remediation are reviewed and its application for nZVI detection is assessed with results of laboratory column experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqing Shi
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China.
| | - Dimin Fan
- Institute of Environmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Richard L Johnson
- Institute of Environmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Paul G Tratnyek
- Institute of Environmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, United States.
| | - James T Nurmi
- Engineering Science Department, Clackamas Community College, 19600 Molalla Ave., Oregon City, OR 97045, United States
| | - Yuxin Wu
- Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, #1 Cyclotron Road, MS 74R0316C, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Kenneth H Williams
- Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, #1 Cyclotron Road, MS 74R0316C, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
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Marshall TA, Morris K, Law GTW, Mosselmans JFW, Bots P, Parry SA, Shaw S. Incorporation and retention of 99-Tc(IV) in magnetite under high pH conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:11853-11862. [PMID: 25236360 DOI: 10.1021/es503438e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Technetium incorporation into magnetite and its behavior during subsequent oxidation has been investigated at high pH to determine the technetium retention mechanism(s) on formation and oxidative perturbation of magnetite in systems relevant to radioactive waste disposal. Ferrihydrite was exposed to Tc(VII)(aq) containing cement leachates (pH 10.5-13.1), and crystallization of magnetite was induced via addition of Fe(II)aq. A combination of X-ray diffraction (XRD), chemical extraction, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) techniques provided direct evidence that Tc(VII) was reduced and incorporated into the magnetite structure. Subsequent air oxidation of the magnetite particles for up to 152 days resulted in only limited remobilization of the incorporated Tc(IV). Analysis of both X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) data indicated that the Tc(IV) was predominantly incorporated into the magnetite octahedral site in all systems studied. On reoxidation in air, the incorporated Tc(IV) was recalcitrant to oxidative dissolution with less than 40% remobilization to solution despite significant oxidation of the magnetite to maghemite/goethite: All solid associated Tc remained as Tc(IV). The results of this study provide the first direct evidence for significant Tc(IV) incorporation into the magnetite structure and confirm that magnetite incorporated Tc(IV) is recalcitrant to oxidative dissolution. Immobilization of Tc(VII) by reduction and incorporation into magnetite at high pH and with significant stability upon reoxidation has clear and important implications for limiting technetium migration under conditions where magnetite is formed including in geological disposal of radioactive wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Marshall
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester , Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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