1
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Smith H, Townsend LT, Mohun R, Mosselmans JFW, Kvashnina K, Hyatt NC, Corkhill CL. Fabrication, defect chemistry and microstructure of Mn-doped UO 2. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1656. [PMID: 38238405 PMCID: PMC10796358 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50676-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Mn-doped UO2 is under consideration for use as an accident tolerant nuclear fuel. We detail the synthesis of Mn-doped UO2 prepared via a wet co-precipitation method, which was refined to improve the yield of incorporated Mn. To verify the Mn-doped UO2 defect chemistry, X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Mn K-edge was performed, in addition to X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and high-energy resolved fluorescence detection X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy at the U M4-edge. It was established that Mn2+ directly substitutes for U4+ in the UO2 lattice, accompanied by oxygen vacancy (Ov) charge compensation. In contrast to other divalent-element doped UO2 materials, compelling evidence for U5+ in a charge compensating role was not found. This work furthers understanding of the structure and crystal chemistry of Mn-doped UO2, which could show potential advantages as a novel efficient advanced nuclear fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Smith
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - L T Townsend
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - R Mohun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - J F W Mosselmans
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - K Kvashnina
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), P.O. Box 510119, 01314, Dresden, Germany
- The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF, The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Neil C Hyatt
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
- School of Earth Science, The University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - C L Corkhill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
- School of Earth Science, The University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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2
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Morrell AP, Martin RA, Roberts HM, Castillo-Michel H, Mosselmans JFW, Geraki K, Warfield AT, Lingor P, Qayyum W, Graf D, Febbraio M, Addison O. Addressing uncertainties in correlative imaging of exogenous particles with the tissue microanatomy with synchronous imaging strategies. Metallomics 2023:7165775. [PMID: 37193667 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfad030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Exposures to exogenous particles is of increasing concern to human health. Characterising the concentrations, chemical species, distribution, and involvement of the stimulus with the tissue microanatomy is essential in understanding the associated biological response. However, no single imaging technique can interrogate all these features at once which confounds and limits correlative analyses. Developments of synchronous imaging strategies, allowing multiple features to be identified simultaneously, is essential to assess spatial relationships between these key features with greater confidence. Here we present data to first highlight complications of correlative analysis between the tissue microanatomy and elemental composition associated with imaging serial tissue sections. This is achieved by assessing both the cellular and elemental distribution in 3-dimensional space using optical microscopy on serial sections and confocal X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy on bulk samples respectively. We propose a new imaging strategy using lanthanide tagged antibodies with X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Using simulations, a series of lanthanide tags were identified as candidate labels for scenarios where tissue sections are imaged. The feasibility and value of the proposed approach is shown where an exposure of Ti was identified concurrently with CD45 positive cells at sub-cellular resolutions. Significant heterogeneity in the distribution of exogenous particles and cells can be present between immediately adjacent serial sections showing clear need of synchronous imaging methods. The proposed approach enables elemental compositions to be correlated with the tissue microanatomy in a highly multiplexed and non-destructive manner at high spatial resolutions with the opportunity for subsequent guided analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Morrell
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Science, Kings College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
- Aston Institute of Materials Research, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, UK
| | - Richard A Martin
- Aston Institute of Materials Research, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, UK
| | - Helen M Roberts
- Oral Health Clinical & Translational Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Adrian T Warfield
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paul Lingor
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Wasif Qayyum
- Oral Health Clinical & Translational Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Daniel Graf
- Oral Health Clinical & Translational Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Maria Febbraio
- Oral Health Clinical & Translational Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Owen Addison
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Science, Kings College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
- Oral Health Clinical & Translational Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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3
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Tran NTT, Sier D, Kirk T, Tran CQ, Mosselmans JFW, Diaz-Moreno S, Chantler CT. A new satellite of manganese revealed by extended-range high-energy-resolution fluorescence detection. J Synchrotron Radiat 2023; 30:605-612. [PMID: 37026392 PMCID: PMC10161895 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577523002539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of a new physical process in manganese metal is reported. This process will also be present for all manganese-containing materials in condensed matter. The process was discovered by applying our new technique of XR-HERFD (extended-range high-energy-resolution fluorescence detection), which was developed from the popular high-resolution RIXS (resonant inelastic X-ray scattering) and HERFD approaches. The acquired data are accurate to many hundreds of standard deviations beyond what is regarded as the criterion for `discovery'. Identification and characterization of many-body processes can shed light on the X-ray absorption fine-structure spectra and inform the scientist on how to interpret them, hence leading to the ability to measure the dynamical nanostructures which are observable using the XR-HERFD method. Although the many-body reduction factor has been used universally in X-ray absorption spectroscopy in analysis over the past 30 years (thousands of papers per year), this experimental result proves that many-body effects are not representable by any constant reduction factor parameter. This paradigm change will provide the foundation for many future studies and X-ray spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas T T Tran
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Daniel Sier
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Tony Kirk
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Chanh Q Tran
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
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4
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Fallon CM, Bower WR, Powell BA, Livens FR, Lyon IC, McNulty AE, Peruski K, Mosselmans JFW, Kaplan DI, Grolimund D, Warnicke P, Ferreira-Sanchez D, Kauppi MS, Vettese GF, Shaw S, Morris K, Law GTW. Vadose-zone alteration of metaschoepite and ceramic UO 2 in Savannah River Site field lysimeters. Sci Total Environ 2023; 862:160862. [PMID: 36521613 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Uranium dioxide (UO2) and metaschoepite (UO3•nH2O) particles have been identified as contaminants at nuclear sites. Understanding their behavior and impact is crucial for safe management of radioactively contaminated land and to fully understand U biogeochemistry. The Savannah River Site (SRS) (South Carolina, USA), is one such contaminated site, following historical releases of U-containing wastes to the vadose zone. Here, we present an insight into the behavior of these two particle types under dynamic conditions representative of the SRS, using field lysimeters (15 cm D x 72 cm L). Discrete horizons containing the different particle types were placed at two depths in each lysimeter (25 cm and 50 cm) and exposed to ambient rainfall for 1 year, with an aim of understanding the impact of dynamic, shallow subsurface conditions on U particle behavior and U migration. The dissolution and migration of U from the particle sources and the speciation of U throughout the lysimeters was assessed after 1 year using a combination of sediment digests, sequential extractions, and bulk and μ-focus X-ray spectroscopy. In the UO2 lysimeter, oxidative dissolution of UO2 and subsequent migration of U was observed over 1-2 cm in the direction of waterflow and against it. Sequential extractions of the UO2 sources suggest they were significantly altered over 1 year. The metaschoepite particles also showed significant dissolution with marginally enhanced U migration (several cm) from the sources. However, in both particle systems the released U was quantitively retained in sediment as a range of different U(IV) and U(VI) phases, and no detectable U was measured in the lysimeter effluent. The study provides a useful insight into U particle behavior in representative, real-world conditions relevant to the SRS, and highlights limited U migration from particle sources due to secondary reactions with vadose zone sediments over 1 year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connaugh M Fallon
- Centre for Radiochemistry Research, Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK,; Research Centre for Radwaste and Decommissioning and Williamson Research Centre, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - William R Bower
- Centre for Radiochemistry Research, Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK,; Radiochemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Brian A Powell
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Francis R Livens
- Centre for Radiochemistry Research, Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK,; Research Centre for Radwaste and Decommissioning and Williamson Research Centre, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Ian C Lyon
- Research Centre for Radwaste and Decommissioning and Williamson Research Centre, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Alana E McNulty
- Research Centre for Radwaste and Decommissioning and Williamson Research Centre, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Kathryn Peruski
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | | | - Daniel I Kaplan
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC 29808, USA
| | - Daniel Grolimund
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen CH-5232, Switzerland
| | - Peter Warnicke
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen CH-5232, Switzerland
| | | | - Marja Siitari Kauppi
- Radiochemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Gianni F Vettese
- Radiochemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Samuel Shaw
- Research Centre for Radwaste and Decommissioning and Williamson Research Centre, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Katherine Morris
- Research Centre for Radwaste and Decommissioning and Williamson Research Centre, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Gareth T W Law
- Radiochemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
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5
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Amor M, Mosselmans JFW, Scoppola E, Li C, Faivre D, Chevrier DM. Crystal-Chemical and Biological Controls of Elemental Incorporation into Magnetite Nanocrystals. ACS Nano 2023; 17:927-939. [PMID: 36595434 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Magnetite nanoparticles possess numerous fundamental, biomedical, and industrial applications, many of which depend on tuning the magnetic properties. This is often achieved by the incorporation of trace and minor elements into the magnetite lattice. Such incorporation was shown to depend strongly on the magnetite formation pathway (i.e., abiotic vs biological), but the mechanisms controlling element partitioning between magnetite and its surrounding precipitation solution remain to be elucidated. Here, we used a combination of theoretical modeling (lattice and crystal field theories) and experimental evidence (high-resolution inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and X-ray absorption spectroscopy) to demonstrate that element incorporation into abiotic magnetite nanoparticles is controlled principally by cation size and valence. Elements from the first series of transition metals (Cr to Zn) constituted exceptions to this finding, as their incorporation appeared to be also controlled by the energy levels of their unfilled 3d orbitals, in line with crystal field mechanisms. We finally show that element incorporation into biological magnetite nanoparticles produced by magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) cannot be explained by crystal-chemical parameters alone, which points to the biological control exerted by the bacteria over the element transfer between the MTB growth medium and the intracellular environment. This screening effect generates biological magnetite with a purer chemical composition in comparison to the abiotic materials formed in a solution of similar composition. Our work establishes a theoretical framework for understanding the crystal-chemical and biological controls of trace and minor cation incorporation into magnetite, thereby providing predictive methods to tailor the composition of magnetite nanoparticles for improved control over magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Amor
- Aix-Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, 13108Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | | | - Ernesto Scoppola
- Biomaterials, Hierarchical Structure of Biological and Bio-inspired Materials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam14476, Germany
| | - Chenghao Li
- Biomaterials, Hierarchical Structure of Biological and Bio-inspired Materials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam14476, Germany
| | - Damien Faivre
- Aix-Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, 13108Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Daniel M Chevrier
- Aix-Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, 13108Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
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6
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Smith H, Townsend LT, Mohun R, Cordara T, Stennett MC, Mosselmans JFW, Kvashnina K, Corkhill CL. Cr 2+ solid solution in UO 2 evidenced by advanced spectroscopy. Commun Chem 2022; 5:163. [PMID: 36697907 PMCID: PMC9814952 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00784-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced Cr-doped UO2 fuels are essential for driving safe and efficient generation of nuclear energy. Although widely deployed, little is known about their fundamental chemistry, which is a critical gap for development of new fuel materials and radioactive waste management strategies. Utilising an original approach, we directly evidence the chemistry of Cr(3+)2O3-doped U(4+)O2. Advanced high-flux, high-spectral purity X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), corroborated by diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and high energy resolved fluorescence detection-XAS, is used to establish that Cr2+ directly substitutes for U4+, accompanied by U5+ and oxygen vacancy charge compensation. Extension of the analysis to heat-treated simulant nuclear fuel reveals a mixed Cr2+/3+ oxidation state, with Cr in more than one physical form, explaining the substantial discrepancies that exist in the literature. Successful demonstration of this analytical advance, and the scientific underpinning it provides, opens opportunities for an expansion in the range of dopants utilised in advanced UO2 fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Smith
- grid.11835.3e0000 0004 1936 9262NucleUS Immobilisation Science Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Luke T. Townsend
- grid.11835.3e0000 0004 1936 9262NucleUS Immobilisation Science Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ritesh Mohun
- grid.11835.3e0000 0004 1936 9262NucleUS Immobilisation Science Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Théo Cordara
- grid.11835.3e0000 0004 1936 9262NucleUS Immobilisation Science Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Martin C. Stennett
- grid.11835.3e0000 0004 1936 9262NucleUS Immobilisation Science Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Kristina Kvashnina
- grid.40602.300000 0001 2158 0612Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Resource Ecology, PO Box 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany ,grid.5398.70000 0004 0641 6373The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF – The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, France
| | - Claire L. Corkhill
- grid.11835.3e0000 0004 1936 9262NucleUS Immobilisation Science Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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7
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Zhang J, Coker VS, Mosselmans JFW, Shaw S. Adsorption of octahedral mono-molybdate and poly-molybdate onto hematite: A multi-technique approach. J Hazard Mater 2022; 431:128564. [PMID: 35359098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum (Mo) is a key trace element and a contaminant in many environments including mine tailings and acid mine drainage systems. Under oxic conditions Mo exists in a number of forms, including mono-molybdate (Mo(VI)O42-) and various poly-molybdate species (e.g. Mo(VI)7O246-) depending on the geochemical conditions (e.g. pH). The mobility and bioavailability of Mo is often controlled by sorption to mineral surfaces, including iron (oxyhydr)oxides e.g. hematite (Fe2O3). This study uses adsorption isotherms, PHREEQC geochemical modeling, Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) to holistically characterise the molecular scale adsorption of molybdate to hematite as a function of pH (3-12) and Mo(VI) concentration (0.01 × 10-4 - 2 × 10-3 M). PHREEQC and ATR-FTIR indicated both pH and Mo concentration are important variables when forming mono- vs. poly- molybdate and suggest low pH (≤ 4) and high Mo(VI) concentration (≥ 5 × 10-4 M) contribute to the formation of a poly-molybdate surface species on the hematite surface. XAS found Mo adsorbed to hematite via an inner-sphere corner-sharing bidentate binuclear complex with an octahedral mono-molybdate structure at a Mo concentration of 0.6 × 10-4 M across the pH range, and at a Mo(VI) concentration of 5 × 10-4 M and pH over 5. This is the first direct observation of octahedrally coordinated Mo(VI) adsorption species on hematite, and this information has broad implications for the mobility and transport of Mo as a contaminant in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Victoria S Coker
- Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - J Frederick W Mosselmans
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Samuel Shaw
- Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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8
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Rumney BM, Morgan SR, Mosselmans JFW, Malik FT, Holden SJ, Parker AR, White N, Lewis PN, Albon J, Meek KM. Characterisation of carapace composition in developing and adult ostracods ( Skogsbergia lerneri) and its potential for biomaterials. Mar Biol 2022; 169:78. [PMID: 35607419 PMCID: PMC9119885 DOI: 10.1007/s00227-022-04047-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The protective carapace of Skogsbergia lerneri, a marine ostracod, is scratch-resistant and transparent. The compositional and structural organisation of the carapace that underlies these properties is unknown. In this study, we aimed to quantify and determine the distribution of chemical elements and chitin within the carapace of adult ostracods, as well as at different stages of ostracod development, to gain insight into its composition. Elemental analyses included X-ray absorption near-edge structure, X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction. Nonlinear microscopy and spectral imaging were performed to determine chitin distribution within the carapace. High levels of calcium (20.3%) and substantial levels of magnesium (1.89%) were identified throughout development. Amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) was detected in carapaces of all developmental stages, with the polymorph, aragonite, identified in A-1 and adult carapaces. Novel chitin-derived second harmonic generation signals (430/5 nm) were detected. Quantification of relative chitin content within the developing and adult carapaces identified negligible differences in chitin content between developmental stages and adult carapaces, except for the lower chitin contribution in A-2 (66.8 ± 7.6%) compared to A-5 (85.5 ± 10%) (p = 0.03). Skogsbergia lerneri carapace calcium carbonate composition was distinct to other myodocopid ostracods. These calcium polymorphs and ACC are described in other biological transparent materials, and with the consistent chitin distribution throughout S. lerneri development, may imply a biological adaptation to preserve carapace physical properties. Realisation of S. lerneri carapace synthesis and structural organisation will enable exploitation to manufacture biomaterials and biomimetics with huge potential in industrial and military applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M. Rumney
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ UK
| | - Siân R. Morgan
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ UK
- Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - F. Tegwen Malik
- School of Management, Swansea University, Fabian Way, Swansea, SA1 8EN UK
| | - Simon J. Holden
- DSTL Physical Sciences Group, Platform Systems Division, DSTL Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JQ UK
| | - Andrew R. Parker
- Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 0HG UK
| | - Nick White
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ UK
- Vivat Scientia Bioimaging Labs, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ UK
| | - Philip N. Lewis
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ UK
- Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Julie Albon
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ UK
- Vivat Scientia Bioimaging Labs, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ UK
- Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Keith M. Meek
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ UK
- Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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9
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Townsend LT, Kuippers G, Lloyd JR, Natrajan LS, Boothman C, Mosselmans JFW, Shaw S, Morris K. Biogenic Sulfidation of U(VI) and Ferrihydrite Mediated by Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria at Elevated pH. ACS Earth Space Chem 2021; 5:3075-3086. [PMID: 34825123 PMCID: PMC8607498 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.1c00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Globally, the need for radioactive waste disposal and contaminated land management is clear. Here, gaining an improved understanding of how biogeochemical processes, such as Fe(III) and sulfate reduction, may control the environmental mobility of radionuclides is important. Uranium (U), typically the most abundant radionuclide by mass in radioactive wastes and contaminated land scenarios, may have its environmental mobility impacted by biogeochemical processes within the subsurface. This study investigated the fate of U(VI) in an alkaline (pH ∼9.6) sulfate-reducing enrichment culture obtained from a high-pH environment. To explore the mobility of U(VI) under alkaline conditions where iron minerals are ubiquitous, a range of conditions were tested, including high (30 mM) and low (1 mM) carbonate concentrations and the presence and absence of Fe(III). At high carbonate concentrations, the pH was buffered to approximately pH 9.6, which delayed the onset of sulfate reduction and meant that the reduction of U(VI)(aq) to poorly soluble U(IV)(s) was slowed. Low carbonate conditions allowed microbial sulfate reduction to proceed and caused the pH to fall to ∼7.5. This drop in pH was likely due to the presence of volatile fatty acids from the microbial respiration of gluconate. Here, aqueous sulfide accumulated and U was removed from solution as a mixture of U(IV) and U(VI) phosphate species. In addition, sulfate-reducing bacteria, such as Desulfosporosinus species, were enriched during development of sulfate-reducing conditions. Results highlight the impact of carbonate concentrations on U speciation and solubility in alkaline conditions, informing intermediate-level radioactive waste disposal and radioactively contaminated land management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke T. Townsend
- Research
Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular
Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences,
School of Natural Sciences, The University
of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Gina Kuippers
- Research
Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular
Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences,
School of Natural Sciences, The University
of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Jonathan R. Lloyd
- Research
Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular
Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences,
School of Natural Sciences, The University
of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Louise S. Natrajan
- Centre
for Radiochemistry Research, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural
Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Christopher Boothman
- Research
Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular
Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences,
School of Natural Sciences, The University
of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - J. Frederick W. Mosselmans
- Diamond
Light Source Ltd., Diamond
House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K.
| | - Samuel Shaw
- Research
Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular
Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences,
School of Natural Sciences, The University
of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Katherine Morris
- Research
Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular
Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences,
School of Natural Sciences, The University
of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
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10
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Townsend LT, Morris K, Harrison R, Schacherl B, Vitova T, Kovarik L, Pearce CI, Mosselmans JFW, Shaw S. Sulfidation of magnetite with incorporated uranium. Chemosphere 2021; 276:130117. [PMID: 34088087 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Uranium (U) is a radionuclide of key environmental interest due its abundance by mass within radioactive waste and presence in contaminated land scenarios. Ubiquitously present iron (oxyhydr)oxide mineral phases, such as (nano)magnetite, have been identified as candidates for immobilisation of U via incorporation into the mineral structure. Studies of how biogeochemical processes, such as sulfidation from the presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria, may affect iron (oxyhydr)oxides and impact radionuclide mobility are important in order to underpin geological disposal of radioactive waste and manage radioactively contaminated land. Here, this study utilised a highly controlled abiotic method for sulfidation of U(V) incorporated into nanomagnetite to determine the fate and speciation of U. Upon sulfidation, transient release of U into solution occurred (∼8.6% total U) for up to 3 days, despite the highly reducing conditions. As the system evolved, lepidocrocite was observed to form over a period of days to weeks. After 10 months, XAS and geochemical data showed all U was partitioned to the solid phase, as both nanoparticulate uraninite (U(IV)O2) and a percentage of retained U(V). Further EXAFS analysis showed incorporation of the residual U(V) fraction into an iron (oxyhydr)oxide mineral phase, likely nanomagnetite or lepidocrocite. Overall, these results provide new insights into the stability of U(V) incorporated iron (oxyhydr)oxides during sulfidation, confirming the longer term retention of U in the solid phase under complex, environmentally relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke T Townsend
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Katherine Morris
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Robert Harrison
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace & Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Bianca Schacherl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (KIT-INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tonya Vitova
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (KIT-INE), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Libor Kovarik
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, United States
| | - Carolyn I Pearce
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, United States
| | - J Frederick W Mosselmans
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Samuel Shaw
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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11
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Adele NC, Ngwenya BT, Heal KV, Mosselmans JFW. Role of plant growth promoting bacteria in driving speciation gradients across soil-rhizosphere-plant interfaces in zinc-contaminated soils. Environ Pollut 2021; 279:116909. [PMID: 33744635 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Inoculation of soil or seeds with plant growth promoting bacteria ameliorates metal toxicity to plants by changing metal speciation in plant tissues but the exact location of these changes remains unknown. Knowing where the changes occur is a critical first step to establish whether metal speciation changes are driven by microbial metabolism or by plant responses. Since bacteria concentrate in the rhizosphere, we hypothesised steep changes in metal speciation across the rhizosphere. We tested this by comparing speciation of zinc (Zn) in roots of Brassica juncea plants grown in soil contaminated with 600 mg kg-1 of Zn with that of bulk and rhizospheric soil using synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Seeds were either uninoculated or inoculated with Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii and Zn was supplied in the form of sulfide (ZnS nanoparticles) and sulfate (ZnSO4). Consistent with previous studies, Zn toxicity, as assessed by plant growth parameters, was alleviated in B. juncea inoculated with Rhizobium leguminosarum. XAS results showed that in both ZnS and ZnSO4 treatments, the most significant changes in speciation occurred between the rhizosphere and the root, and involved an increase in the proportion of organic acids and thiol complexes. In ZnS treatments, Zn phytate and Zn citrate were the dominant organic acid complexes, whilst Zn histidine also appeared in roots exposed to ZnSO4. Inoculation with bacteria was associated with the appearance of Zn cysteine and Zn formate in roots, suggesting that these two forms are driven by bacterial metabolism. In contrast, Zn complexation with phytate, citrate and histidine is attributed to plant responses, perhaps in the form of exudates, some with long range influence into the bulk soil, leading to shallower speciation gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bryne T Ngwenya
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Kate V Heal
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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12
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Kurihara E, Takehara M, Suetake M, Ikehara R, Komiya T, Morooka K, Takami R, Yamasaki S, Ohnuki T, Horie K, Takehara M, Law GTW, Bower W, W Mosselmans JF, Warnicke P, Grambow B, Ewing RC, Utsunomiya S. Particulate plutonium released from the Fukushima Daiichi meltdowns. Sci Total Environ 2020; 743:140539. [PMID: 32663681 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Traces of Pu have been detected in material released from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) in March of 2011; however, to date the physical and chemical form of the Pu have remained unknown. Here we report the discovery of particulate Pu associated with cesium-rich microparticles (CsMPs) that formed in and were released from the reactors during the FDNPP meltdowns. The Cs-pollucite-based CsMP contained discrete U(IV)O2 nanoparticles, <~10 nm, one of which is enriched in Pu adjacent to fragments of Zr-cladding. The isotope ratios, 235U/238U, 240Pu/239Pu, and 242Pu/239Pu, of the CsMPs were determined to be ~0.0193, ~0.347, and ~0.065, respectively, which are consistent with the calculated isotopic ratios of irradiated-fuel fragments. Thus, considering the regional distribution of CsMPs, the long-distance dispersion of Pu from FNDPP is attributed to the transport by CsMPs that have incorporated nanoscale fuel fragments prior to their dispersion up to 230 km away from the Fukushima Daiichi reactor site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eitaro Kurihara
- Department of Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masato Takehara
- Department of Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Mizuki Suetake
- Department of Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ryohei Ikehara
- Department of Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Komiya
- Department of Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazuya Morooka
- Department of Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ryu Takami
- Department of Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamasaki
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences and Center for Research in Isotopes and Environmental Dynamics, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Ohnuki
- Laboratory for Advanced Nuclear Energy, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Kenji Horie
- National Institute of Polar Research, 10-3, Midori-cho, Tachikawa-shi, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan; Department of Polar Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Shonan Village, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan
| | - Mami Takehara
- National Institute of Polar Research, 10-3, Midori-cho, Tachikawa-shi, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan
| | - Gareth T W Law
- Radiochemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, The University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - William Bower
- Radiochemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, The University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | | | - Peter Warnicke
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Grambow
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS-IN2P3, The University of Nantes, Nantes 44307, France
| | - Rodney C Ewing
- Department of Geological Sciences and Center for International Security and Cooperation, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-2115, USA
| | - Satoshi Utsunomiya
- Department of Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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13
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Huzan MS, Fix M, Aramini M, Bencok P, Mosselmans JFW, Hayama S, Breitner FA, Gee LB, Titus CJ, Arrio MA, Jesche A, Baker ML. Single-ion magnetism in the extended solid-state: insights from X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy. Chem Sci 2020; 11:11801-11810. [PMID: 34123206 PMCID: PMC8162461 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03787g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Large single-ion magnetic anisotropy is observed in lithium nitride doped with iron. The iron sites are two-coordinate, putting iron doped lithium nitride amongst a growing number of two coordinate transition metal single-ion magnets (SIMs). Uniquely, the relaxation times to magnetisation reversal are over two orders of magnitude longer in iron doped lithium nitride than other 3d-metal SIMs, and comparable with high-performance lanthanide-based SIMs. To understand the origin of these enhanced magnetic properties a detailed characterisation of electronic structure is presented. Access to dopant electronic structure calls for atomic specific techniques, hence a combination of detailed single-crystal X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopies are applied. Together K-edge, L2,3-edge and Kβ X-ray spectroscopies probe local geometry and electronic structure, identifying iron doped lithium nitride to be a prototype, solid-state SIM, clean of stoichiometric vacancies where Fe lattice sites are geometrically equivalent. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure and angular dependent single-crystal X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy measurements determine FeI dopant ions to be linearly coordinated, occupying a D6h symmetry pocket. The dopant engages in strong 3dπ-bonding, resulting in an exceptionally short Fe–N bond length (1.873(7) Å) and rigorous linearity. It is proposed that this structure protects dopant sites from Renner–Teller vibronic coupling and pseudo Jahn–Teller distortions, enhancing magnetic properties with respect to molecular-based linear complexes. The Fe ligand field is quantified by L2,3-edge XAS from which the energy reduction of 3dz2 due to strong 4s mixing is deduced. Quantification of magnetic anisotropy barriers in low concentration dopant sites is inhibited by many established methods, including far-infrared and neutron scattering. We deduce variable temperature L3-edge XAS can be applied to quantify the J = 7/2 magnetic anisotropy barrier, 34.80 meV (∼280 cm−1), that corresponds with Orbach relaxation via the first excited, MJ = ±5/2 doublet. The results demonstrate that dopant sites within solid-state host lattices could offer a viable alternative to rare-earth bulk magnets and high-performance SIMs, where the host matrix can be tailored to impose high symmetry and control lattice induced relaxation effects. Taking advantage of synchrotron light source methods, we present the geometric and electronic structure of iron doped in lithium nitride.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Myron S Huzan
- The University of Manchester at Harwell, Diamond Light Source Harwell Campus OX11 0DE UK .,Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Manuel Fix
- EP VI, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg D-86159 Augsburg Germany
| | - Matteo Aramini
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus Chilton Didcot OX11 0DE UK
| | - Peter Bencok
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus Chilton Didcot OX11 0DE UK
| | | | - Shusaku Hayama
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus Chilton Didcot OX11 0DE UK
| | - Franziska A Breitner
- EP VI, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg D-86159 Augsburg Germany
| | - Leland B Gee
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Charles J Titus
- Department of Physics, Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Marie-Anne Arrio
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, IRD, MNHN, UMR7590 75252 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Anton Jesche
- EP VI, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg D-86159 Augsburg Germany
| | - Michael L Baker
- The University of Manchester at Harwell, Diamond Light Source Harwell Campus OX11 0DE UK .,Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
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14
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Fuller AJ, Leary P, Gray ND, Davies HS, Mosselmans JFW, Cox F, Robinson CH, Pittman JK, McCann CM, Muir M, Graham MC, Utsunomiya S, Bower WR, Morris K, Shaw S, Bots P, Livens FR, Law GTW. Organic complexation of U(VI) in reducing soils at a natural analogue site: Implications for uranium transport. Chemosphere 2020; 254:126859. [PMID: 32957279 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the long-term fate, stability, and bioavailability of uranium (U) in the environment is important for the management of nuclear legacy sites and radioactive wastes. Analysis of U behavior at natural analogue sites permits evaluation of U biogeochemistry under conditions more representative of long-term equilibrium. Here, we have used bulk geochemical and microbial community analysis of soils, coupled with X-ray absorption spectroscopy and μ-focus X-ray fluorescence mapping, to gain a mechanistic understanding of the fate of U transported into an organic-rich soil from a pitchblende vein at the UK Needle's Eye Natural Analogue site. U is highly enriched in the Needle's Eye soils (∼1600 mg kg-1). We show that this enrichment is largely controlled by U(VI) complexation with soil organic matter and not U(VI) bioreduction. Instead, organic-associated U(VI) seems to remain stable under microbially-mediated Fe(III)-reducing conditions. U(IV) (as non-crystalline U(IV)) was only observed at greater depths at the site (>25 cm); the soil here was comparatively mineral-rich, organic-poor, and sulfate-reducing/methanogenic. Furthermore, nanocrystalline UO2, an alternative product of U(VI) reduction in soils, was not observed at the site, and U did not appear to be associated with Fe-bearing minerals. Organic-rich soils appear to have the potential to impede U groundwater transport, irrespective of ambient redox conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Fuller
- Centre for Radiochemistry Research, Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Peter Leary
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Neil D Gray
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Helena S Davies
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal, and Williamson Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | | | - Filipa Cox
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal, and Williamson Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Clare H Robinson
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal, and Williamson Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jon K Pittman
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal, and Williamson Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Clare M McCann
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Michael Muir
- School of Geoscience, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Margaret C Graham
- School of Geoscience, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Satoshi Utsunomiya
- School of Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - William R Bower
- Centre for Radiochemistry Research, Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK; Radiochemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, The University of Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Katherine Morris
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal, and Williamson Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Samuel Shaw
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal, and Williamson Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Pieter Bots
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal, and Williamson Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Francis R Livens
- Centre for Radiochemistry Research, Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK; Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal, and Williamson Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Gareth T W Law
- Centre for Radiochemistry Research, Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK; Radiochemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, The University of Helsinki, 00014, Finland.
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15
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Aluri ER, Reynaud C, Bardas H, Piva E, Cibin G, Mosselmans JFW, Chadwick AV, Schofield EJ. The Formation of Chemical Degraders during the Conservation of a Wooden Tudor Shipwreck. Chempluschem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Rani Aluri
- School of ChemistryUniversity College Dublin Belfield, Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Corentin Reynaud
- École Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay 61 Avenue du Président Wilson 94230 Cachan, France Cachan France
| | - Helen Bardas
- Technological Educational Institute of Athens (TEI of Athens) Agiou Spyridonos 28 Egaleo, Athens 122 43 Greece
| | - Eleonora Piva
- School of Civil Engineering & SurveyingUniversity of Portsmouth Portland Building Portsmouth PO1 2UP United Kingdom
| | - Giannantonio Cibin
- Diamond Light SourceHarwell Science and Innovation Campus Didcot OX11 ODE United Kingdom
| | | | - Alan V. Chadwick
- School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Kent Canterbury CT2 7NH United Kingdom
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16
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Aluri ER, Reynaud C, Bardas H, Piva E, Cibin G, Mosselmans JFW, Chadwick AV, Schofield EJ. The Formation of Chemical Degraders during the Conservation of a Wooden Tudor Shipwreck. Chempluschem 2020; 85:1632-1638. [PMID: 32391648 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Determining the nature, evolution, and impact of acid-generating sulfur deposits in the Mary Rose wooden hull is crucial for protecting Henry VIII's famous warship for generations to come. Here, a comprehensive X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) study sheds vital light on the evolution of complex sulfur-based compounds lodged in Mary Rose timbers as a function of drying time. Combining insights from infrared spectroscopy correlates the presence of oxidized sulfur species with increased wood degradation via the loss of major wood components (holocellulose). Intriguingly, zinc is found to co-exist with iron and sulfur in the most degraded wood regions, indicating its potential contributing role to wood degradation. This study provides crucial information on the degradation processes and resulting products within the wood, which can be used to develop remediation strategies to save the Mary Rose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Rani Aluri
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Corentin Reynaud
- École Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, 61 Avenue du Président Wilson, 94230, Cachan, France Cachan, France
| | - Helen Bardas
- Technological Educational Institute of Athens (TEI of Athens), Agiou Spyridonos 28, Egaleo, 122 43, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleonora Piva
- School of Civil Engineering & Surveying, University of Portsmouth Portland Building, Portsmouth, PO1 2UP, United Kingdom
| | - Giannantonio Cibin
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 ODE, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alan V Chadwick
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NH, United Kingdom
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17
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Townsend LT, Shaw S, Ofili NER, Kaltsoyannis N, Walton AS, Mosselmans JFW, Neill TS, Lloyd JR, Heath S, Hibberd R, Morris K. Formation of a U(VI)-Persulfide Complex during Environmentally Relevant Sulfidation of Iron (Oxyhydr)oxides. Environ Sci Technol 2020; 54:129-136. [PMID: 31838844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Uranium is a risk-driving radionuclide in both radioactive waste disposal and contaminated land scenarios. In these environments, a range of biogeochemical processes can occur, including sulfate reduction, which can induce sulfidation of iron (oxyhydr)oxide mineral phases. During sulfidation, labile U(VI) is known to reduce to relatively immobile U(IV); however, the detailed mechanisms of the changes in U speciation during these biogeochemical reactions are poorly constrained. Here, we performed highly controlled sulfidation experiments at pH 7 and pH 9.5 on U(VI) adsorbed to ferrihydrite and investigated the system using geochemical analyses, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and computational modeling. Analysis of the XAS data indicated the formation of a novel, transient U(VI)-persulfide complex as an intermediate species during the sulfidation reaction, concomitant with the transient release of uranium to the solution. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) modeling showed that a persulfide ligand was coordinated in the equatorial plane of the uranyl moiety, and formation of this species was supported by computational modeling. The final speciation of U was nanoparticulate U(IV) uraninite, and this phase was evident at 2 days at pH 7 and 1 year at pH 9.5. Our identification of a new, labile U(VI)-persulfide species under environmentally relevant conditions may have implications for U mobility in sulfidic environments pertinent to radioactive waste disposal and contaminated land scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - J Frederick W Mosselmans
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K
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18
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Smith KF, Morris K, Law GTW, Winstanley EH, Livens FR, Weatherill JS, Abrahamsen-Mills LG, Bryan ND, Mosselmans JFW, Cibin G, Parry S, Blackham R, Law KA, Shaw S. Plutonium(IV) Sorption during Ferrihydrite Nanoparticle Formation. ACS Earth Space Chem 2019; 3:2437-2442. [PMID: 32064412 PMCID: PMC7011701 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.9b00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding interactions between iron (oxyhydr)oxide nanoparticles and plutonium is essential to underpin technology to treat radioactive effluents, in cleanup of land contaminated with radionuclides, and to ensure the safe disposal of radioactive wastes. These interactions include a range of adsorption, precipitation, and incorporation processes. Here, we explore the mechanisms of plutonium sequestration during ferrihydrite precipitation from an acidic solution. The initial 1 M HNO3 solution with Fe(III)(aq) and 242Pu(IV)(aq) underwent controlled hydrolysis via the addition of NaOH to pH 9. The majority of Fe(III)(aq) and Pu(IV)(aq) was removed from solution between pH 2 and 3 during ferrihydrite formation. Analysis of Pu-ferrihydrite by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy showed that Pu(IV) formed an inner-sphere tetradentate complex on the ferrihydrite surface, with minor amounts of PuO2 present. Best fits to the EXAFS data collected from Pu-ferrihydrite samples aged for 2 and 6 months showed no statistically significant change in the Pu(IV)-Fe oxyhydroxide surface complex despite the ferrihydrite undergoing extensive recrystallization to hematite. This suggests the Pu remains strongly sorbed to the iron (oxyhydr)oxide surface and could be retained over extended time periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt F. Smith
- Research
Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular
Environmental Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Morris
- Research
Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular
Environmental Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth T. W. Law
- Centre
for Radiochemistry Research, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
- Radiochemistry
Unit, Department of Chemistry, The University
of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen Aukio 1 (PL 55), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ellen H. Winstanley
- Research
Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular
Environmental Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Francis R. Livens
- Research
Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular
Environmental Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Centre
for Radiochemistry Research, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Joshua S. Weatherill
- Research
Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular
Environmental Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nicholas D. Bryan
- National
Nuclear Laboratory, Chadwick House, Warrington, WA3 6AE, United
Kingdom
| | - J. Frederick W. Mosselmans
- Diamond
Light Source Ltd, Diamond House,
Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Giannantonio Cibin
- Diamond
Light Source Ltd, Diamond House,
Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Parry
- Diamond
Light Source Ltd, Diamond House,
Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kathleen A. Law
- Centre
for Radiochemistry Research, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Samuel Shaw
- Research
Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular
Environmental Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- E-mail:
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19
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Morrell AP, Floyd H, W Mosselmans JF, Grover LM, Castillo-Michel H, Davis ET, Parker JE, Martin RA, Addison O. Improving our understanding of metal implant failures: Multiscale chemical imaging of exogenous metals in ex-vivo biological tissues. Acta Biomater 2019; 98:284-293. [PMID: 31173961 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Biological exposures to micro- and nano-scale exogenous metal particles generated as a consequence of in-service degradation of orthopaedic prosthetics can result in severe adverse tissues reactions. However, individual reactions are highly variable and are not easily predicted, due to in part a lack of understanding of the speciation of the metal-stimuli which dictates cellular interactions and toxicity. Investigating the chemistry of implant derived metallic particles in biological tissue samples is complicated by small feature sizes, low concentrations and often a heterogeneous speciation and distribution. These challenges were addressed by developing a multi-scale two-dimensional X-ray absorption spectroscopic (XAS) mapping approach to discriminate sub-micron changes in particulate chemistry within ex-vivo tissues associated with failed CoCrMo total hip replacements (THRs). As a result, in the context of THRs, we demonstrate much greater variation in Cr chemistry within tissues compared with previous reports. Cr compounds including phosphate, hydroxide, oxide, metal and organic complexes were observed and correlated with Co and Mo distributions. This variability may help explain the lack of agreement between biological responses observed in experimental exposure models and clinical outcomes. The multi-scale 2D XAS mapping approach presents an essential tool in discriminating the chemistry in dilute biological systems where speciation heterogeneity is expected. SIGNIFICANCE: Metal implants are routinely used in healthcare but may fail following degradation in the body. Although specific implants can be identified as 'high-risk', our analysis of failures is limited by a lack of understanding of the chemistry of implant metals within the peri-prosthetic milieu. A new approach to identify the speciation and variability in speciation at sub-micron resolution, of dilute exogenous metals within biological tissues is reported; applied to understanding the failure of metallic (CoCrMo) total-hip-replacements widely used in orthopedic surgery. Much greater variation in Cr chemistry was observed compared with previous reports and included phosphate, hydroxide, oxide, metal and organic complexes. This variability may explain lack of agreement between biological responses observed in experimental exposure models and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hayley Floyd
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Owen Addison
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G, Canada.
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20
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Bower WR, Morris K, Livens FR, Mosselmans JFW, Fallon CM, Fuller AJ, Natrajan L, Boothman C, Lloyd JR, Utsunomiya S, Grolimund D, Ferreira Sanchez D, Jilbert T, Parker J, Neill TS, Law GTW. Metaschoepite Dissolution in Sediment Column Systems-Implications for Uranium Speciation and Transport. Environ Sci Technol 2019; 53:9915-9925. [PMID: 31317743 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metaschoepite is commonly found in U-contaminated environments and metaschoepite-bearing wastes may be managed via shallow or deep disposal. Understanding metaschoepite dissolution and tracking the fate of any liberated U is thus important. Here, discrete horizons of metaschoepite (UO3·nH2O) particles were emplaced in flowing sediment/groundwater columns representative of the UK Sellafield Ltd. site. The column systems either remained oxic or became anoxic due to electron donor additions, and the columns were sacrificed after 6- and 12-months for analysis. Solution chemistry, extractions, and bulk and micro/nano-focus X-ray spectroscopies were used to track changes in U distribution and behavior. In the oxic columns, U migration was extensive, with UO22+ identified in effluents after 6-months of reaction using fluorescence spectroscopy. Unusually, in the electron-donor amended columns, during microbially mediated sulfate reduction, significant amounts of UO2-like colloids (>60% of the added U) were found in the effluents using TEM. XAS analysis of the U remaining associated with the reduced sediments confirmed the presence of trace U(VI), noncrystalline U(IV), and biogenic UO2, with UO2 becoming more dominant with time. This study highlights the potential for U(IV) colloid production from U(VI) solids under reducing conditions and the complexity of U biogeochemistry in dynamic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Bower
- Centre for Radiochemistry Research, School of Chemistry , The University of Manchester , Manchester , U.K. , M13 9PL
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences , The University of Manchester , Manchester , U.K. , M13 9PL
- Radiochemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry , The University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland , 00014
| | - Katherine Morris
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences , The University of Manchester , Manchester , U.K. , M13 9PL
| | - Francis R Livens
- Centre for Radiochemistry Research, School of Chemistry , The University of Manchester , Manchester , U.K. , M13 9PL
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences , The University of Manchester , Manchester , U.K. , M13 9PL
| | | | - Connaugh M Fallon
- Centre for Radiochemistry Research, School of Chemistry , The University of Manchester , Manchester , U.K. , M13 9PL
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences , The University of Manchester , Manchester , U.K. , M13 9PL
- Radiochemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry , The University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland , 00014
| | - Adam J Fuller
- Centre for Radiochemistry Research, School of Chemistry , The University of Manchester , Manchester , U.K. , M13 9PL
| | - Louise Natrajan
- Centre for Radiochemistry Research, School of Chemistry , The University of Manchester , Manchester , U.K. , M13 9PL
| | - Christopher Boothman
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences , The University of Manchester , Manchester , U.K. , M13 9PL
| | - Jonathan R Lloyd
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences , The University of Manchester , Manchester , U.K. , M13 9PL
| | - Satoshi Utsunomiya
- Kyushu University , Department of Chemistry , 744 Motooka , Nishi-ku , Fukuoka Japan , 819-0395
| | - Daniel Grolimund
- Swiss Light Source , Paul Scherrer Institute , Villigen , Switzerland , 5232
| | | | - Tom Jilbert
- Ecosystems and Environmental Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences , The University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland , 00014
| | - Julia Parker
- Diamond Light Source , Harwell Science and Innovation Campus , Didcot , U.K. , OX11 0DE
| | - Thomas S Neill
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences , The University of Manchester , Manchester , U.K. , M13 9PL
| | - Gareth T W Law
- Centre for Radiochemistry Research, School of Chemistry , The University of Manchester , Manchester , U.K. , M13 9PL
- Radiochemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry , The University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland , 00014
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21
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Finnegan ME, Visanji NP, Romero-Canelon I, House E, Rajan S, Mosselmans JFW, Hazrati LN, Dobson J, Collingwood JF. Synchrotron XRF imaging of Alzheimer’s disease basal ganglia reveals linear dependence of high-field magnetic resonance microscopy on tissue iron concentration. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 319:28-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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22
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Morrell AP, Mosselmans JFW, Geraki K, Ignatyev K, Castillo-Michel H, Monksfield P, Warfield AT, Febbraio M, Roberts HM, Addison O, Martin RA. Implications of X-ray beam profiles on qualitative and quantitative synchrotron micro-focus X-ray fluorescence microscopy. J Synchrotron Radiat 2018; 25:1719-1726. [PMID: 30407182 DOI: 10.1107/s160057751801247x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence microscopy is frequently used to investigate the spatial distribution of elements within a wide range of samples. Interrogation of heterogeneous samples that contain large concentration ranges has the potential to produce image artefacts due to the profile of the X-ray beam. The presence of these artefacts and the distribution of flux within the beam profile can significantly affect qualitative and quantitative analyses. Two distinct correction methods have been generated by referencing the beam profile itself or by employing an adaptive-thresholding procedure. Both methods significantly improve qualitative imaging by removing the artefacts without compromising the low-intensity features. The beam-profile correction method improves quantitative results but requires accurate two-dimensional characterization of the X-ray beam profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Morrell
- Aston Institute of Materials Research, School of Engineering, University of Aston, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | | | - Kalotina Geraki
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Konstantin Ignatyev
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0DE, UK
| | | | - Peter Monksfield
- University Hospitals Birmingham, NHS Foundation Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
| | - Adrian T Warfield
- University Hospitals Birmingham, NHS Foundation Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
| | - Maria Febbraio
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1C9
| | - Helen M Roberts
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1C9
| | - Owen Addison
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1C9
| | - Richard A Martin
- Aston Institute of Materials Research, School of Engineering, University of Aston, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
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23
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Diaz-Moreno S, Amboage M, Basham M, Boada R, Bricknell NE, Cibin G, Cobb TM, Filik J, Freeman A, Geraki K, Gianolio D, Hayama S, Ignatyev K, Keenan L, Mikulska I, Mosselmans JFW, Mudd JJ, Parry SA. The Spectroscopy Village at Diamond Light Source. J Synchrotron Radiat 2018; 25:998-1009. [PMID: 29979161 PMCID: PMC6038600 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577518006173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript presents the current status and technical details of the Spectroscopy Village at Diamond Light Source. The Village is formed of four beamlines: I18, B18, I20-Scanning and I20-EDE. The village provides the UK community with local access to a hard X-ray microprobe, a quick-scanning multi-purpose XAS beamline, a high-intensity beamline for X-ray absorption spectroscopy of dilute samples and X-ray emission spectroscopy, and an energy-dispersive extended X-ray absorption fine-structure beamline. The optics of B18, I20-scanning and I20-EDE are detailed; moreover, recent developments on the four beamlines, including new detector hardware and changes in acquisition software, are described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark Basham
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Roberto Boada
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
| | | | | | | | - Jacob Filik
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Adam Freeman
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Luke Keenan
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
| | | | | | - James J. Mudd
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
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24
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Adele NC, Ngwenya BT, Heal KV, Mosselmans JFW. Soil Bacteria Override Speciation Effects on Zinc Phytotoxicity in Zinc-Contaminated Soils. Environ Sci Technol 2018; 52:3412-3421. [PMID: 29466659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b05094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of zinc (Zn) speciation on plant growth in Zn-contaminated soil in the presence of bacteria are unknown but are critical to our understanding of metal biodynamics in the rhizosphere where bacteria are abundant. A 6-week pot experiment investigated the effects of two plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB), Rhizobium leguminosarum and Pseudomonas brassicacearum, on Zn accumulation and speciation in Brassica juncea grown in soil amended with 600 mg kg-1 elemental Zn as three Zn species: soluble ZnSO4 and nanoparticles of ZnO and ZnS. Measures of plant growth were higher across all Zn treatments inoculated with PGPB compared to uninoculated controls, but Zn species effects were not significant. Transmission electron microscopy identified dense particles in the epidermis and intracellular spaces in roots, suggesting Zn uptake in both dissolved and particulate forms. X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) analysis of roots revealed differences in Zn speciation between treatments. Uninoculated plants exposed to ZnSO4 contained Zn predominantly in the form of Zn phytate (35%) and Zn polygalacturonate (30%), whereas Zn cysteine (57%) and Zn polygalacturonate (37%) dominated in roots exposed to ZnO nanoparticles. Inoculation with PGPB increased (>50%) the proportion of Zn cysteine under all Zn treatments, suggesting Zn coordination with cysteine as the predominant mechanism of Zn toxicity reduction by PGPB. Using this approach, we show, for the first time, that although speciation is important, the presence of rhizospheric bacteria completely overrides speciation effects such that most of the Zn in plant tissue exists as complexes other than the original form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyekachi C Adele
- School of GeoSciences , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , U.K
| | - Bryne T Ngwenya
- School of GeoSciences , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , U.K
| | - Kate V Heal
- School of GeoSciences , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , U.K
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25
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Kerry T, Banford AW, Bower W, Thompson OR, Carey T, Mosselmans JFW, Ignatyev K, Sharrad CA. Uranium Contamination of Stainless Steel in Nuclear Processing Plants. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b05139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Kerry
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Anthony W. Banford
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
- National Nuclear Laboratory, Chadwick House, Warrington Road, Birchwood Park, Warrington, WA3 6AE, U.K
| | - William Bower
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Olivia R. Thompson
- National Nuclear Laboratory, Chadwick House, Warrington Road, Birchwood Park, Warrington, WA3 6AE, U.K
| | - Thomas Carey
- National Nuclear Laboratory, Chadwick House, Warrington Road, Birchwood Park, Warrington, WA3 6AE, U.K
| | | | - Konstantin Ignatyev
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, U.K
| | - Clint A. Sharrad
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
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26
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Beale AM, Jacques SDM, Di Michiel M, Mosselmans JFW, Price SWT, Senecal P, Vamvakeros A, Paterson J. X-ray physico-chemical imaging during activation of cobalt-based Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalysts. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2018; 376:rsta.2017.0057. [PMID: 29175905 PMCID: PMC5719219 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The imaging of catalysts and other functional materials under reaction conditions has advanced significantly in recent years. The combination of the computed tomography (CT) approach with methods such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) now enables local chemical and physical state information to be extracted from within the interiors of intact materials which are, by accident or design, inhomogeneous. In this work, we follow the phase evolution during the initial reduction step(s) to form Co metal, for Co-containing particles employed as Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) catalysts; firstly, working at small length scales (approx. micrometre spatial resolution), a combination of sample size and density allows for transmission of comparatively low energy signals enabling the recording of 'multimodal' tomography, i.e. simultaneous XRF-CT, XANES-CT and XRD-CT. Subsequently, we show high-energy XRD-CT can be employed to reveal extent of reduction and uniformity of crystallite size on millimetre-sized TiO2 trilobes. In both studies, the CoO phase is seen to persist or else evolve under particular operating conditions and we speculate as to why this is observed.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Providing sustainable catalytic solutions for a rapidly changing world'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Beale
- Department of Chemistry, UCL, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
- Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Simon D M Jacques
- Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0FA, UK
- School of Materials, Manchester University, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | | | | | - Stephen W T Price
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Pierre Senecal
- Department of Chemistry, UCL, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
- Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Antonios Vamvakeros
- Department of Chemistry, UCL, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
- Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0FA, UK
| | - James Paterson
- BP Chemicals, Conversion Technology Centre, HRTC-DL10 Saltend, Hedon, Hull HU12 8DS, UK
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27
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Masters-Waage NK, Morris K, Lloyd JR, Shaw S, Mosselmans JFW, Boothman C, Bots P, Rizoulis A, Livens FR, Law GTW. Impacts of Repeated Redox Cycling on Technetium Mobility in the Environment. Environ Sci Technol 2017; 51:14301-14310. [PMID: 29144125 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Technetium is a problematic contaminant at nuclear sites and little is known about how repeated microbiologically mediated redox cycling impacts its fate in the environment. We explore this question in sediments representative of the Sellafield Ltd. site, UK, over multiple reduction and oxidation cycles spanning ∼1.5 years. We found the amount of Tc remobilised from the sediment into solution significantly decreased after repeated redox cycles. X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) confirmed that sediment bound Tc was present as hydrous TcO2-like chains throughout experimentation and that Tc's increased resistance to remobilization (via reoxidation to soluble TcO4-) resulted from both shortening of TcO2 chains during redox cycling and association of Tc(IV) with Fe phases in the sediment. We also observed that Tc(IV) remaining in solution during bioreduction was likely associated with colloidal magnetite nanoparticles. These findings highlight crucial links between Tc and Fe biogeochemical cycles that have significant implications for Tc's long-term environmental mobility, especially under ephemeral redox conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas K Masters-Waage
- Centre for Radiochemistry Research, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester , M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester , M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Morris
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester , M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R Lloyd
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester , M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Shaw
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester , M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - J Frederick W Mosselmans
- Diamond Light Source Ltd ., Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Boothman
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester , M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Pieter Bots
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester , M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Athanasios Rizoulis
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester , M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Francis R Livens
- Centre for Radiochemistry Research, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester , M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth T W Law
- Centre for Radiochemistry Research, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester , M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Price SWT, Martin DJ, Parsons AD, Sławiński WA, Vamvakeros A, Keylock SJ, Beale AM, Mosselmans JFW. Chemical imaging of Fischer-Tropsch catalysts under operating conditions. Sci Adv 2017; 3:e1602838. [PMID: 28345057 PMCID: PMC5357128 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1602838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Although we often understand empirically what constitutes an active catalyst, there is still much to be understood fundamentally about how catalytic performance is influenced by formulation. Catalysts are often designed to have a microstructure and nanostructure that can influence performance but that is rarely considered when correlating structure with function. Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is a well-known and potentially sustainable technology for converting synthetic natural gas ("syngas": CO + H2) into functional hydrocarbons, such as sulfur- and aromatic-free fuel and high-value wax products. FTS catalysts typically contain Co or Fe nanoparticles, which are often optimized in terms of size/composition for a particular catalytic performance. We use a novel, "multimodal" tomographic approach to studying active Co-based catalysts under operando conditions, revealing how a simple parameter, such as the order of addition of metal precursors and promoters, affects the spatial distribution of the elements as well as their physicochemical properties, that is, crystalline phase and crystallite size during catalyst activation and operation. We show in particular how the order of addition affects the crystallinity of the TiO2 anatase phase, which in turn leads to the formation of highly intergrown cubic close-packed/hexagonal close-packed Co nanoparticles that are very reactive, exhibiting high CO conversion. This work highlights the importance of operando microtomography to understand the evolution of chemical species and their spatial distribution before any concrete understanding of impact on catalytic performance can be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W. T. Price
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K
- Corresponding author. (S.W.T.P.); (A.M.B.)
| | - David J. Martin
- Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, U.K
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Aaron D. Parsons
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K
| | - Wojciech A. Sławiński
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Antonios Vamvakeros
- Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, U.K
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Stephen J. Keylock
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K
| | - Andrew M. Beale
- Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, U.K
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
- Finden Limited, The Workstation Merchant House, 5 East St. Helen Street, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 5EG, U.K
- Corresponding author. (S.W.T.P.); (A.M.B.)
| | - J. Frederick W. Mosselmans
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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29
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Pitto-Barry A, Geraki K, Horbury MD, Stavros VG, Mosselmans JFW, Walton RI, Sadler PJ, Barry NPE. Controlled fabrication of osmium nanocrystals by electron, laser and microwave irradiation and characterisation by microfocus X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:12898-12901. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc07133g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Osmium nanocrystals are fabricatedvia3 methods and characterised by XAS, revealing different surface oxidation and metallicities depending on their fabrication technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Pitto-Barry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry CV4 7AL
- UK
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter J. Sadler
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry CV4 7AL
- UK
| | - Nicolas P. E. Barry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry CV4 7AL
- UK
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences
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Kille P, Morgan AJ, Powell K, Mosselmans JFW, Hart D, Gunning P, Hayes A, Scarborough D, McDonald I, Charnock JM. 'Venus trapped, Mars transits': Cu and Fe redox chemistry, cellular topography and in situ ligand binding in terrestrial isopod hepatopancreas. Open Biol 2016; 6:rsob.150270. [PMID: 26935951 PMCID: PMC4821242 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.150270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Woodlice efficiently sequester copper (Cu) in ‘cuprosomes' within hepatopancreatic ‘S' cells. Binuclear ‘B’ cells in the hepatopancreas form iron (Fe) deposits; these cells apparently undergo an apocrine secretory diurnal cycle linked to nocturnal feeding. Synchrotron-based µ-focus X-ray spectroscopy undertaken on thin sections was used to characterize the ligands binding Cu and Fe in S and B cells of Oniscus asellus (Isopoda). Main findings were: (i) morphometry confirmed a diurnal B-cell apocrine cycle; (ii) X-ray fluorescence (XRF) mapping indicated that Cu was co-distributed with sulfur (mainly in S cells), and Fe was co-distributed with phosphate (mainly in B cells); (iii) XRF mapping revealed an intimate morphological relationship between the basal regions of adjacent S and B cells; (iv) molecular modelling and Fourier transform analyses indicated that Cu in the reduced Cu+ state is mainly coordinated to thiol-rich ligands (Cu–S bond length 2.3 Å) in both cell types, while Fe in the oxidized Fe3+ state is predominantly oxygen coordinated (estimated Fe–O bond length of approx. 2 Å), with an outer shell of Fe scatterers at approximately 3.05 Å; and (v) no significant differences occur in Cu or Fe speciation at key nodes in the apocrine cycle. Findings imply that S and B cells form integrated unit-pairs; a functional role for secretions from these cellular units in the digestion of recalcitrant dietary components is hypothesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kille
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3US, UK
| | - A J Morgan
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3US, UK
| | - K Powell
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3US, UK
| | - J F W Mosselmans
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - D Hart
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3US, UK
| | - P Gunning
- Smith and Nephew, Heslington, York Science Park, York YO10 5DF, UK
| | - A Hayes
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3US, UK
| | - D Scarborough
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3US, UK
| | - I McDonald
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - J M Charnock
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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31
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Bower WR, Morris K, Mosselmans JFW, Thompson OR, Banford AW, Law K, Pattrick RAD. Characterising legacy spent nuclear fuel pond materials using microfocus X-ray absorption spectroscopy. J Hazard Mater 2016; 317:97-107. [PMID: 27262277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of a radioactive, coated concrete core from the decommissioned, spent nuclear fuel cooling pond at the Hunterston-A nuclear site (UK) has provided a unique opportunity to study radionuclides within a real-world system. The core, obtained from a dividing wall and sampled at the fill level of the pond, exhibited radioactivity (dominantly (137)Cs and (90)Sr) heterogeneously distributed across both painted faces. Chemical analysis of the core was undertaken using microfocus spectroscopy at Diamond Light Source, UK. Mapping of Sr across the surface coatings using microfocus X-ray fluorescence (μXRF) combined with X-ray absorption spectroscopy showed that Sr was bound to TiO2 particles in the paint layers, suggesting an association between TiO2 and radiostrontium. Stable Sr and Cs sorption experiments using concrete coupons were also undertaken to assess their interactions with the bulk concrete in case of a breach in the coating layers. μXRF and scanning electron microscopy showed that Sr was immobilized by the cement phases, whilst at the elevated experimental concentrations, Cs was associated with clay minerals in the aggregates. This study provides a crucial insight into poorly understood infrastructural contamination in complex systems and is directly applicable to the UK's nuclear decommissioning efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Bower
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; National Nuclear Laboratory, Chadwick House, Warrington Road, Birchwood Park, Warrington, WA3 6AE, UK; Centre for Radiochemistry Research, Chemistry Building, The University of Manchester, Brunswick Street, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - K Morris
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - J F W Mosselmans
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
| | - O R Thompson
- National Nuclear Laboratory, Chadwick House, Warrington Road, Birchwood Park, Warrington, WA3 6AE, UK
| | - A W Banford
- National Nuclear Laboratory, Chadwick House, Warrington Road, Birchwood Park, Warrington, WA3 6AE, UK; School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - K Law
- Centre for Radiochemistry Research, Chemistry Building, The University of Manchester, Brunswick Street, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - R A D Pattrick
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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32
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Chang SY, Molleta LB, Booth SG, Uehara A, Mosselmans JFW, Ignatyev K, Dryfe RAW, Schroeder SLM. Automated analysis of XANES: A feasibility study of Au reference compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/712/1/012070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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33
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Bots P, Shaw S, Law GTW, Marshall TA, Mosselmans JFW, Morris K. Controls on the Fate and Speciation of Np(V) During Iron (Oxyhydr)oxide Crystallization. Environ Sci Technol 2016; 50:3382-90. [PMID: 26913955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The speciation and fate of neptunium as Np(V)O2(+) during the crystallization of ferrihydrite to hematite and goethite was explored in a range of systems. Adsorption of NpO2(+) to iron(III) (oxyhydr)oxide phases was reversible and, for ferrihydrite, occurred through the formation of mononuclear bidentate surface complexes. By contrast, chemical extractions and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) analyses showed the incorporation of Np(V) into the structure of hematite during its crystallization from ferrihydrite (pH 10.5). This occurred through direct replacement of octahedrally coordinated Fe(III) by Np(V) in neptunate-like coordination. Subsequent analyses on mixed goethite and hematite crystallization products (pH 9.5 and 11) showed that Np(V) was incorporated during crystallization. Conversely, there was limited evidence for Np(V) incorporation during goethite crystallization at the extreme pH of 13.3. This is likely due to the formation of a Np(V) hydroxide precipitate preventing incorporation into the goethite particles. Overall these data highlight the complex behavior of Np(V) during the crystallization of iron(III) (oxyhydr)oxides, and demonstrate clear evidence for neptunium incorporation into environmentally important mineral phases. This extends our knowledge of the range of geochemical conditions under which there is potential for long-term immobilization of radiotoxic Np in natural and engineered environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Bots
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester , Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Shaw
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester , Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth T W Law
- Centre for Radiochemistry Research and Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester , Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy A Marshall
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester , Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - J Frederick W Mosselmans
- Diamond Light Source, Ltd. , Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Morris
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester , Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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34
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Adediran GA, Ngwenya BT, Mosselmans JFW, Heal KV, Harvie BA. Mixed planting with a leguminous plant outperforms bacteria in promoting growth of a metal remediating plant through histidine synthesis. Int J Phytoremediation 2016; 18:720-729. [PMID: 26682469 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2015.1131235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) in improving metal phytoremediation is still limited by stunted plant growth under high soil metal concentrations. Meanwhile, mixed planting with leguminous plants is known to improve yield in nutrient deficient soils but the use of a metal tolerant legume to enhance metal tolerance of a phytoremediator has not been explored. We compared the use of Pseudomonas brassicacearum, Rhizobium leguminosarum, and the metal tolerant leguminous plant Vicia sativa to promote the growth of Brassica juncea in soil contaminated with 400 mg Zn kg(-1), and used synchrotron based microfocus X-ray absorption spectroscopy to probe Zn speciation in plant roots. B. juncea grew better when planted with V. sativa than when inoculated with PGPB. By combining PGPB with mixed planting, B. juncea recovered full growth while also achieving soil remediation efficiency of >75%, the maximum ever demonstrated for B. juncea. μXANES analysis of V. sativa suggested possible root exudation of the Zn chelates histidine and cysteine were responsible for reducing Zn toxicity. We propose the exploration of a legume-assisted-phytoremediation system as a more effective alternative to PGPB for Zn bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bryne T Ngwenya
- a School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | | | - Kate V Heal
- a School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Barbra A Harvie
- a School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
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35
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Adediran GA, Ngwenya BT, Mosselmans JFW, Heal KV. Bacteria-zinc co-localization implicates enhanced synthesis of cysteine-rich peptides in zinc detoxification when Brassica juncea is inoculated with Rhizobium leguminosarum. New Phytol 2016; 209:280-93. [PMID: 26263508 PMCID: PMC4676334 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Some plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) are enigmatic in enhancing plant growth in the face of increased metal accumulation in plants. Since most PGPB colonize the plant root epidermis, we hypothesized that PGPB confer tolerance to metals through changes in speciation at the root epidermis. We employed a novel combination of fluorophore-based confocal laser scanning microscopic imaging and synchrotron based microscopic X-ray fluorescence mapping with X-ray absorption spectroscopy to characterize bacterial localization, zinc (Zn) distribution and speciation in the roots of Brassica juncea grown in Zn contaminated media (400 mg kg(-1) Zn) with the endophytic Pseudomonas brassicacearum and rhizospheric Rhizobium leguminosarum. PGPB enhanced epidermal Zn sequestration relative to PGBP-free controls while the extent of endophytic accumulation depended on the colonization mode of each PGBP. Increased root accumulation of Zn and increased tolerance to Zn was associated predominantly with R. leguminosarum and was likely due to the coordination of Zn with cysteine-rich peptides in the root endodermis, suggesting enhanced synthesis of phytochelatins or glutathione. Our mechanistic model of enhanced Zn accumulation and detoxification in plants inoculated with R. leguminosarum has particular relevance to PGPB enhanced phytoremediation of soils contaminated through mining and oxidation of sulphur-bearing Zn minerals or engineered nanomaterials such as ZnS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gbotemi A Adediran
- School of GeoSciences, The University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH9 3JW, UK
- Author for correspondence:,
Gbotemi A. Adediran
,
Tel: +44 (0)7447945688
,
| | - Bryne T Ngwenya
- School of GeoSciences, The University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH9 3JW, UK
| | | | - Kate V Heal
- School of GeoSciences, The University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH9 3JW, UK
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36
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Uehara A, Booth SG, Chang SY, Schroeder SLM, Imai T, Hashimoto T, Mosselmans JFW, Dryfe RAW. Electrochemical Insight into the Brust–Schiffrin Synthesis of Au Nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:15135-44. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b07825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Uehara
- Division
of Nuclear Engineering Science, Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Asashironishi, Kumatori, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | | | | | - Sven L. M. Schroeder
- School
of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Takahito Imai
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Shiga 520-2194, Japan
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37
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Price SWT, Ignatyev K, Geraki K, Basham M, Filik J, Vo NT, Witte PT, Beale AM, Mosselmans JFW. Chemical imaging of single catalyst particles with scanning μ-XANES-CT and μ-XRF-CT. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:521-9. [PMID: 25407850 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04488f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The physicochemical state of a catalyst is a key factor in determining both activity and selectivity; however these materials are often not structurally or compositionally homogeneous. Here we report on the 3-dimensional imaging of an industrial catalyst, Mo-promoted colloidal Pt supported on carbon. The distribution of both the active Pt species and Mo promoter have been mapped over a single particle of catalyst using microfocus X-ray fluorescence computed tomography. X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure revealed a mixed local coordination environment, including the presence of both metallic Pt clusters and Pt chloride species, but also no direct interaction between the catalyst and Mo promoter. We also report on the benefits of scanning μ-XANES computed tomography for chemical imaging, allowing for 2- and 3-dimensional mapping of the local electronic and geometric environment, in this instance for both the Pt catalyst and Mo promoter throughout the catalyst particle.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W T Price
- Science Division, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0DE, UK.
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38
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Burke IT, Mosselmans JFW, Shaw S, Peacock CL, Benning LG, Coker VS. Impact of the Diamond Light Source on research in Earth and environmental sciences: current work and future perspectives. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2015; 373:20130151. [PMID: 25624516 PMCID: PMC4308981 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2013.0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Diamond Light Source Ltd celebrated its 10th anniversary as a company in December 2012 and has now accepted user experiments for over 5 years. This paper describes the current facilities available at Diamond and future developments that enhance its capacities with respect to the Earth and environmental sciences. A review of relevant research conducted at Diamond thus far is provided. This highlights how synchrotron-based studies have brought about important advances in our understanding of the fundamental parameters controlling highly complex mineral-fluid-microbe interface reactions in the natural environment. This new knowledge not only enhances our understanding of global biogeochemical processes, but also provides the opportunity for interventions to be designed for environmental remediation and beneficial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian T Burke
- Earth Surface Science Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - J Frederick W Mosselmans
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Samuel Shaw
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Caroline L Peacock
- Earth Surface Science Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Liane G Benning
- Earth Surface Science Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Victoria S Coker
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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39
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Chang SY, Uehara A, Booth SG, Ignatyev K, Mosselmans JFW, Dryfe RAW, Schroeder SLM. Structure and bonding in Au(i) chloride species: a critical examination of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) data. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13087a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We determined a reliable Au(i) chloride X-ray absorption spectrum from dichlorobenzene solutions containing varying amounts of [AuCl2]−and [AuCl3OH]−.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin-Yuen Chang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL
- UK
| | - Akihiro Uehara
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL
- UK
| | - Samuel G. Booth
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL
- UK
| | | | | | - Robert A. W. Dryfe
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL
- UK
| | - Sven L. M. Schroeder
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL
- UK
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40
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Bots P, Morris K, Hibberd R, Law GTW, Mosselmans JFW, Brown AP, Doutch J, Smith AJ, Shaw S. Formation of stable uranium(VI) colloidal nanoparticles in conditions relevant to radioactive waste disposal. Langmuir 2014; 30:14396-405. [PMID: 25418066 DOI: 10.1021/la502832j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The favored pathway for disposal of higher activity radioactive wastes is via deep geological disposal. Many geological disposal facility designs include cement in their engineering design. Over the long term, interaction of groundwater with the cement and waste will form a plume of a hyperalkaline leachate (pH 10-13), and the behavior of radionuclides needs to be constrained under these extreme conditions to minimize the environmental hazard from the wastes. For uranium, a key component of many radioactive wastes, thermodynamic modeling predicts that, at high pH, U(VI) solubility will be very low (nM or lower) and controlled by equilibrium with solid phase alkali and alkaline-earth uranates. However, the formation of U(VI) colloids could potentially enhance the mobility of U(VI) under these conditions, and characterizing the potential for formation and medium-term stability of U(VI) colloids is important in underpinning our understanding of U behavior in waste disposal. Reflecting this, we applied conventional geochemical and microscopy techniques combined with synchrotron based in situ and ex situ X-ray techniques (small-angle X-ray scattering and X-ray adsorption spectroscopy (XAS)) to characterize colloidal U(VI) nanoparticles in a synthetic cement leachate (pH > 13) containing 4.2-252 μM U(VI). The results show that in cement leachates with 42 μM U(VI), colloids formed within hours and remained stable for several years. The colloids consisted of 1.5-1.8 nm nanoparticles with a proportion forming 20-60 nm aggregates. Using XAS and electron microscopy, we were able to determine that the colloidal nanoparticles had a clarkeite (sodium-uranate)-type crystallographic structure. The presented results have clear and hitherto unrecognized implications for the mobility of U(VI) in cementitious environments, in particular those associated with the geological disposal of nuclear waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Bots
- Research Centre for Radwaste & Disposal, and Williamson Research Centre, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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41
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Marshall TA, Morris K, Law GTW, Mosselmans JFW, Bots P, Parry SA, Shaw S. Incorporation and retention of 99-Tc(IV) in magnetite under high pH conditions. Environ Sci Technol 2014; 48:11853-11862. [PMID: 25236360 DOI: 10.1021/es503438e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Technetium incorporation into magnetite and its behavior during subsequent oxidation has been investigated at high pH to determine the technetium retention mechanism(s) on formation and oxidative perturbation of magnetite in systems relevant to radioactive waste disposal. Ferrihydrite was exposed to Tc(VII)(aq) containing cement leachates (pH 10.5-13.1), and crystallization of magnetite was induced via addition of Fe(II)aq. A combination of X-ray diffraction (XRD), chemical extraction, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) techniques provided direct evidence that Tc(VII) was reduced and incorporated into the magnetite structure. Subsequent air oxidation of the magnetite particles for up to 152 days resulted in only limited remobilization of the incorporated Tc(IV). Analysis of both X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) data indicated that the Tc(IV) was predominantly incorporated into the magnetite octahedral site in all systems studied. On reoxidation in air, the incorporated Tc(IV) was recalcitrant to oxidative dissolution with less than 40% remobilization to solution despite significant oxidation of the magnetite to maghemite/goethite: All solid associated Tc remained as Tc(IV). The results of this study provide the first direct evidence for significant Tc(IV) incorporation into the magnetite structure and confirm that magnetite incorporated Tc(IV) is recalcitrant to oxidative dissolution. Immobilization of Tc(VII) by reduction and incorporation into magnetite at high pH and with significant stability upon reoxidation has clear and important implications for limiting technetium migration under conditions where magnetite is formed including in geological disposal of radioactive wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Marshall
- Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester , Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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42
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Adediran GA, Ngwenya BT, Mosselmans JFW, Heal KV, Harvie BA. Mechanisms behind bacteria induced plant growth promotion and Zn accumulation in Brassica juncea. J Hazard Mater 2014; 283:490-9. [PMID: 25464287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The growth and metal-extraction efficiency of plants exposed to toxic metals has been reported to be enhanced by inoculating plants with certain bacteria but the mechanisms behind this process remain unclear. We report results from glasshouse experiments on Brassica juncea plants exposed to 400mgZnkg(-1) that investigated the abilities of Pseudomonas brassicacearum and Rhizobium leguminosarum to promote growth, coupled with synchrotron based μXANES analysis to probe Zn speciation in the plant roots. P. brassicacearum exhibited the poorest plant growth promoting ability, while R. leguminosarum alone and in combination with P. brassicacearum enhanced plant growth and Zn phytoextraction. Reduced growth in un-inoculated plants was attributed to accumulation of Zn oxalate and Zn sulfate in roots. In plants inoculated with P. brassicacearum the high concentration of Zn polygalacturonic acid in the root may be responsible for the stunted growth and reduced Zn phytoextraction. The improved growth and increased metal accumulation observed in plants inoculated with R. leguminosarum and in combination with P. brassicacearum was attributed to the storage of Zn in the form of Zn phytate and Zn cysteine in the root. When combined with the observation that both bacteria do not statistically improve B. juncea growth in the absence of Zn, this work suggests that bacteria-induced metal chelation is the key mechanism of plant growth promoting bacteria in toxicity attenuation and microbial-assisted phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gbotemi A Adediran
- School of GeoSciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, UK.
| | - Bryne T Ngwenya
- School of GeoSciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, UK
| | | | - Kate V Heal
- School of GeoSciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, UK
| | - Barbra A Harvie
- School of GeoSciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, UK
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43
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Mamindy-Pajany Y, Sayen S, Mosselmans JFW, Guillon E. Copper, nickel and zinc speciation in a biosolid-amended soil: pH adsorption edge, μ-XRF and μ-XANES investigations. Environ Sci Technol 2014; 48:7237-44. [PMID: 24899255 DOI: 10.1021/es5005522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Metal solid phase speciation plays an important role in the control of the long-term stability of metals in biosolid-amended soils. The present work used pH-adsorption edge experiments and synchrotron-based spectroscopy techniques to understand the solid phase speciation of copper, nickel and zinc in a biosolid-amended soil. Comparison of metal adsorption edges on the biosolid-amended soil and the soil sample showed that Cu, Ni, and Zn can be retained by both soil and biosolid components such as amorphous iron phases, organic matter and clay minerals. These data are combined with microscopic results to obtain structural information about the surface complexes formed. Linear combination fitting of K-edge XANES spectra of metal hot-spots indicated consistent differences in metal speciation between metals. While organic matter plays a dominant role in Ni binding in the biosolid-amended soil, it was of lesser importance for Cu and Zn. This study suggests that even if the metals can be associated with soil components (clay minerals and organic matter), biosolid application will increase metals retention in the biosolid-amended soil by providing reactive organic matter and iron oxide fractions. Among the studied metals, the long-term mobility of Ni could be affected by organic matter degradation while Cu and Zn are strongly associated with iron oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Mamindy-Pajany
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims (ICMR), UMR CNRS 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne , Faculté des Sciences, B.P. 1039, Reims 51687 Cedex 2, France
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44
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Marshall T, Morris K, Law GTW, Livens FR, Mosselmans JFW, Bots P, Shaw S. Incorporation of Uranium into Hematite during crystallization from ferrihydrite. Environ Sci Technol 2014; 48:3724-3731. [PMID: 24580024 PMCID: PMC4059770 DOI: 10.1021/es500212a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ferrihydrite was exposed to U(VI)-containing cement leachate (pH 10.5) and aged to induce crystallization of hematite. A combination of chemical extractions, TEM, and XAS techniques provided the first evidence that adsorbed U(VI) (≈3000 ppm) was incorporated into hematite during ferrihydrite aggregation and the early stages of crystallization, with continued uptake occurring during hematite ripening. Analysis of EXAFS and XANES data indicated that the U(VI) was incorporated into a distorted, octahedrally coordinated site replacing Fe(III). Fitting of the EXAFS showed the uranyl bonds lengthened from 1.81 to 1.87 Å, in contrast to previous studies that have suggested that the uranyl bond is lost altogether upon incorporation into hematite. The results of this study both provide a new mechanistic understanding of uranium incorporation into hematite and define the nature of the bonding environment of uranium within the mineral structure. Immobilization of U(VI) by incorporation into hematite has clear and important implications for limiting uranium migration in natural and engineered environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy
A. Marshall
- Research
Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular
Environmental Science, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental
Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Morris
- Research
Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular
Environmental Science, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental
Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth T. W. Law
- Centre
for Radiochemistry Research and Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal,
School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Francis R. Livens
- Centre
for Radiochemistry Research and Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal,
School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - J. Frederick W. Mosselmans
- Diamond
Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell
Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11
0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Pieter Bots
- Research
Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular
Environmental Science, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental
Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Shaw
- Research
Centre for Radwaste Disposal and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular
Environmental Science, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental
Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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45
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Brinza L, Schofield PF, Hodson ME, Weller S, Ignatyev K, Geraki K, Quinn PD, Mosselmans JFW. Combining µXANES and µXRD mapping to analyse the heterogeneity in calcium carbonate granules excreted by the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris. J Synchrotron Radiat 2014; 21:235-41. [PMID: 24365942 PMCID: PMC3874023 DOI: 10.1107/s160057751303083x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The use of fluorescence full spectral micro-X-ray absorption near-edge structure (µXANES) mapping is becoming more widespread in the hard energy regime. This experimental method using the Ca K-edge combined with micro-X-ray diffraction (µXRD) mapping of the same sample has been enabled on beamline I18 at Diamond Light Source. This combined approach has been used to probe both long- and short-range order in calcium carbonate granules produced by the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris. In granules produced by earthworms cultured in a control artificial soil, calcite and vaterite are observed in the granules. However, granules produced by earthworms cultivated in the same artificial soil amended with 500 p.p.m. Mg also contain an aragonite. The two techniques, µXRD and µXANES, probe different sample volumes but there is good agreement in the phase maps produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Brinza
- Science Division, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Paul F. Schofield
- Mineral and Planetary Sciences Division, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Mark E. Hodson
- Environment Department, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Sophie Weller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Konstantin Ignatyev
- Science Division, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Kalotina Geraki
- Science Division, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Paul D. Quinn
- Science Division, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0DE, UK
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46
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Archibald SJ, Atkin SL, Bras W, Diego-Taboada A, Mackenzie G, Mosselmans JFW, Nikitenko S, Quinn PD, Thomas MF, Young NA. How does iron interact with sporopollenin exine capsules? An X-ray absorption study including microfocus XANES and XRF imaging. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:945-959. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21523g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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Fellowes JW, Pattrick RAD, Lloyd JR, Charnock JM, Coker VS, Mosselmans JFW, Weng TC, Pearce CI. Ex situ formation of metal selenide quantum dots using bacterially derived selenide precursors. Nanotechnology 2013; 24:145603. [PMID: 23508116 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/14/145603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent quantum dots were synthesized using bacterially derived selenide (Se(II-)) as the precursor. Biogenic Se(II-) was produced by the reduction of Se(IV) by Veillonella atypica and compared directly against borohydride-reduced Se(IV) for the production of glutathione-stabilized CdSe and β-mercaptoethanol-stabilized ZnSe nanoparticles by aqueous synthesis. Biological Se(II-) formed smaller, narrower size distributed QDs under the same conditions. The growth kinetics of biologically sourced CdSe phases were slower. The proteins isolated from filter sterilized biogenic Se(II-) included a methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase previously characterized in the closely related Veillonella parvula. XAS analysis of the glutathione-capped CdSe at the S K-edge suggested that sulfur from the glutathione was structurally incorporated within the CdSe. A novel synchrotron based XAS technique was also developed to follow the nucleation of biological and inorganic selenide phases, and showed that biogenic Se(II-) is more stable and more resistant to beam-induced oxidative damage than its inorganic counterpart. The bacterial production of quantum dot precursors offers an alternative, 'green' synthesis technique that negates the requirement of expensive, toxic chemicals and suggests a possible link to the exploitation of selenium contaminated waste streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Fellowes
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, Williamson Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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48
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Mosselmans JFW, Taylor RP, Quinn PD, Finch AA, Cibin G, Gianolio D, Sapelkin AV. A time resolved microfocus XEOL facility at the Diamond Light Source. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/425/18/182009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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49
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Addison O, Davenport AJ, Newport RJ, Kalra S, Monir M, Mosselmans JFW, Proops D, Martin RA. Do 'passive' medical titanium surfaces deteriorate in service in the absence of wear? J R Soc Interface 2012; 9:3161-4. [PMID: 22832360 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2012.0438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, more than 1000 tonnes of titanium (Ti) is implanted into patients in the form of biomedical devices on an annual basis. Ti is perceived to be 'biocompatible' owing to the presence of a robust passive oxide film (approx. 4 nm thick) at the metal surface. However, surface deterioration can lead to the release of Ti ions, and particles can arise as the result of wear and/or corrosion processes. This surface deterioration can result in peri-implant inflammation, leading to the premature loss of the implanted device or the requirement for surgical revision. Soft tissues surrounding commercially pure cranial anchorage devices (bone-anchored hearing aid) were investigated using synchrotron X-ray micro-fluorescence spectroscopy and X-ray absorption near edge structure. Here, we present the first experimental evidence that minimal load-bearing Ti implants, which are not subjected to macroscopic wear processes, can release Ti debris into the surrounding soft tissue. As such debris has been shown to be pro-inflammatory, we propose that such distributions of Ti are likely to effect to the service life of the device.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Addison
- Biomaterials Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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50
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Harben SM, Mosselmans JFW, Ryan ÁT, Whitwood AC, Walton PH. Polymer imprinting with iron-oxo-hydroxo clusters: [Fe6O2(OH)2(O2CC(Cl)=CH2)12(H2O)2], [Fe6O2(OH)2(O2C-Ph-(CH)=CH2)12(H2O)2] and [{Fe(O2CC(Cl)=CH2)(OMe)2}10]. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:208-18. [PMID: 22086273 DOI: 10.1039/c1dt11614b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the syntheses of imprinted polymers using iron-oxo-hydroxo clusters as templates. Three new iron clusters, [Fe(6)O(2)(OH)(2)(O(2)CC(Cl)=CH(2))(12)(H(2)O)(2)] (1), [{Fe(O(2)CC(Cl)=CH(2))(OMe)(2)}(10)] (2) and [Fe(6)O(2)(OH)(2)(O(2)C-Ph-(CH)=CH(2))(12)(H(2)O)(2)] (3) have been prepared from commercially-available carboxylic acids. Cluster-imprinted-polymers (CIPs) of 1, 2 and 3 were prepared with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate monomer, and of 1 with methyl methacrylate monomer. The imprinted sites within the CIPs were examined using EXAFS and diffuse reflectance UV/vis spectroscopy, demonstrating that the clusters 1, 2 and 3 were incorporated intact within the polymers. Extraction of the clusters from the CIPs imprinted with 1 and 3 gave new polymers that showed evidence of an imprinting effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer M Harben
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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