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Wang Y, Yuan S, Shi J, Ma T, Xie X, Deng Y, Du Y, Gan Y, Guo Z, Dong Y, Zheng C, Jiang G. Groundwater Quality and Health: Making the Invisible Visible. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:5125-5136. [PMID: 36877892 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Linking groundwater quality to health will make the invisible groundwater visible, but there are knowledge gaps to understand the linkage which requires cross-disciplinary convergent research. The substances in groundwater that are critical to health can be classified into five types according to the sources and characteristics: geogenic substances, biogenic elements, anthropogenic contaminants, emerging contaminants, and pathogens. The most intriguing questions are related to quantitative assessment of human health and ecological risks of exposure to the critical substances via natural or induced artificial groundwater discharge: What is the list of critical substances released from discharging groundwater, and what are the pathways of the receptors' exposure to the critical substances? How to quantify the flux of critical substances during groundwater discharge? What procedures can we follow to assess human health and ecological risks of groundwater discharge? Answering these questions is fundamental for humans to deal with the challenges of water security and health risks related to groundwater quality. This perspective provides recent progresses, knowledge gaps, and future trends in understanding the linkage between groundwater quality and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Source Apportionment and Control, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430078 Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Songhu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Source Apportionment and Control, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430078 Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Source Apportionment and Control, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430078 Wuhan, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Teng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Source Apportionment and Control, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430078 Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xianjun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Source Apportionment and Control, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430078 Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yamin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Source Apportionment and Control, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430078 Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yao Du
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Source Apportionment and Control, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430078 Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yiqun Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Source Apportionment and Control, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430078 Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Zhilin Guo
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yiran Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Source Apportionment and Control, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430078 Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Chunmiao Zheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Bhagat C, Kumar M. Muddy (silty-sand) beaches in semi-arid regions attenuate the contaminants flowing into the sea as a submarine groundwater discharge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 833:155111. [PMID: 35398430 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Urbanized coastal areas are well-recognized hotspots for the contaminant-enriched groundwater discharge, influencing sensitive coastal ecosystems. The present study investigates how muddy beaches in the semi-arid region alter the contaminant flux flowing into the sea using submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) estimation and hydrogeochemical analysis of coastal waters (groundwater, porewater, and seawater). Fresh SGD carries contaminants such as nutrients and trace metals in the coastal ecosystem, causing increased vulnerability towards eutrophication, harmful algal blooms, and human health. We found that SGD reaching the coast carries immense nutrient flux (155.6 mmol NO3- · day-1; 35 mmol P · day-1 and 12.4 mmol DSi · day-1) and trace metal load ranging from 0.1 to 14.9 mmol · day-1. The nutrient fluxes were higher in the upper saline plume compared to the lower plume. The muddy beach attenuates the nutrients in varying percentages of 9.7 to 22% of NO3-, 1.9 to 25.5% of P due to denitrification and phosphorus absorption, and also caused 19.6% reduction of SO42-. The reduction in SO42- leads to the formation of sulfide (HS-) that promotes the metal precipitation, resulting in the removal of Pb and Cu. This attenuation of nutrients leads to a change in the nutrient ratio (N/P = 7-11) approaching the Redfield ratio, implying the vulnerability of algal bloom at the Dehri beach. Overall, the muddy beach can serve as a natural biogeochemical reactor as it attenuates the nutrient and serves as a source for certain trace metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, and Ni), altering the composition of SGD. Probably this is the first study that emphasizes the attenuation of trace metals in the muddy beaches of a semi-arid region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrashekhar Bhagat
- Discipline of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India.
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Wu J, Hong Y, Wilson SJ, Song B. Microbial nitrogen loss by coupled nitrification to denitrification and anammox in a permeable subterranean estuary at Gloucester Point, Virginia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 168:112440. [PMID: 33971455 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The nitrogen (N) loss processes have not been well examined in subterranean estuaries (STEs) between land and sea. We utilized a 15N isotope tracer method, q-PCR, and high-throughput sequencing to reveal the activities, abundances, and community compositions of N loss communities in a STE in Gloucester Point, Virginia, US. The highest activities, abundances and diversity of denitrifiers and anammox bacteria were detected at 50-60 cm depth in the aerobic-anaerobic transition zone (AATZ) characterized by sharp redox gradients. nirS-denitrifiers and anammox bacteria were affiliated to 10 different clusters and three genera, respectively. Denitrification and anammox played equal roles with an estimated N loss of 13.15 mmol N m-3 day-1. A positive correlation between ammonia oxidizing prokaryote abundances and DO as well as NOx- suggested that nitrification produces NOx- which supports the hotspot of denitrification and anammox within the AATZ. Overall, these results highlight the roles of N loss communities in STEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Wu
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yiguo Hong
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Stephanie J Wilson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary, Gloucester Point, USA
| | - Bongkeun Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary, Gloucester Point, USA.
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Oehler T, Ramasamy M, George ME, Babu SDS, Dähnke K, Ankele M, Böttcher ME, Santos IR, Moosdorf N. Tropical Beaches Attenuate Groundwater Nitrogen Pollution Flowing to the Ocean. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:8432-8438. [PMID: 34086455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tropical urbanized coastal regions are hotspots for the discharge of nutrient-enriched groundwater, which can affect sensitive coastal ecosystems. Here, we investigated how a beach modifies groundwater nutrient loads in southern India (Varkala Beach), using flux measurements and stable isotopes. Fresh groundwater was highly enriched in NO3 from sewage or manure. Submarine groundwater discharge and nearshore groundwater discharge were equally important contributors to coastal NO3 fluxes with 303 mmol NO3 m-1 day-1 in submarine and 334 mmol NO3 m-1 day-1 in nearshore groundwater discharge. However, N/P ratios in nearshore groundwater discharge were up to 3 orders of magnitude greater than that in submarine groundwater, which can promote harmful algae blooms. As groundwater flowed through the beach, N/P ratios decreased toward Redfield ratios due to the removal of 30-50% of NO3 due to denitrification and production of PO4 due to mineralization of organic matter. Overall, tropical beaches can be important natural biogeochemical reactors that attenuate nitrogen pollution and modify N/P ratios in submarine groundwater discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Oehler
- Leibniz-Center for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Fahrenheitstraße 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Hessian Agency for Nature Conservation, Environment and Geology, Rheingaustraße 186, 65203 Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Murugan Ramasamy
- National Centre for Earth Science Studies (NCESS), Ministry of Earth Sciences, 695011 Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Mintu E George
- National Centre for Earth Science Studies (NCESS), Ministry of Earth Sciences, 695011 Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Suresh D S Babu
- National Centre for Earth Science Studies (NCESS), Ministry of Earth Sciences, 695011 Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Kirstin Dähnke
- Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Markus Ankele
- Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Michael E Böttcher
- Geochemistry and Isotope Biogeochemistry Group, Department of Marine Geology, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research (IOW), Seestrasse 15, D-18119 Warnemünde, Germany
- Marine Geochemistry, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn Str. 17a, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 21, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Isaac R Santos
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 413 19 Gothenburg, Sweden
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, 2450 Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
| | - Nils Moosdorf
- Leibniz-Center for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Fahrenheitstraße 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Institute of Geosciences, Kiel University, Ludewig-Meyn-Straße 10, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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Kang P, Li S, Wang F, Zhao H, Lv S. Use of multiple isotopes to evaluate nitrate dynamics in groundwater under the barrier effect of underground cutoff walls. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:7076-7089. [PMID: 33025438 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10792-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Underground cutoff walls are useful in conserving groundwater and preventing seawater intrusion in coastal regions. However, the environmental effects of human activities on groundwater quality in the upstream area of the underground cutoff wall over the long term are not clear. In this study, combined analysis of multiple isotopes (δ15N-NO3-, δ18O-NO3-, δ2H, and δ18O-H2O) and nitrate concentrations was used to assess the effect of underground cutoff walls on nitrogen dynamics in groundwater in an agricultural area in China. We sampled groundwater wells in the upstream and downstream areas of the underground walls in April, July, and September. The results indicated that the underground cutoff walls hampered the horizontal groundwater flow, making the upstream groundwater a closed system, which led to an increase in the nitrate concentration and accelerated nitrification processes. Manure was the main nitrate source in the upstream groundwater, and its levels in the groundwater were similar during the three seasons, indicating that there was no difference in the nitrate sources in the upstream groundwater among the three seasons. Hence, further management measures for manure application may be critical for groundwater protection in the upstream area of underground cutoff walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Kang
- Department of Water Conservancy Engineering, North China University of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Jinshuidong Road 36, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Resources Efficient Utilization and Support Engineering, Jinshuidong Road 36, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaopeng Li
- Department of Water Conservancy Engineering, North China University of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Jinshuidong Road 36, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuqiang Wang
- Department of Water Conservancy Engineering, North China University of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Jinshuidong Road 36, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation and Treatment, Jinshuidong Road 36, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Heng Zhao
- Department of Water Conservancy Engineering, North China University of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Jinshuidong Road 36, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Subing Lv
- Department of Water Conservancy Engineering, North China University of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Jinshuidong Road 36, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Resources Efficient Utilization and Support Engineering, Jinshuidong Road 36, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
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Feng X, Xiao K, Li H. Tidal groundwater flow and its potential effect on the hydrochemical characteristics in a mud-sand-layered aquifer in Daya Bay, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:24438-24451. [PMID: 32306262 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08809-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tidal groundwater dynamics and hydrochemistry can play important roles in influencing nearshore ecological and environmental systems. However, the potential relationship between the groundwater dynamics and the hydrochemical characteristics was not well understood. In this study, we conducted an integrated investigation by field work and numerical simulations to explore the potential effect of tidal groundwater dynamics on hydrochemistry in an intertidal mudflat in Daya Bay, China. The time series of groundwater level were monitored over a spring-neap tidal cycle along a 200-m-long intertidal transect, which had a mud-sand-layered aquifer. The shallow groundwater samples were collected to analyze the spatial distributions of hydrochemical characteristics, including major ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42-, HCO3-, and Cl-), heavy metals (As and Cu), and short-lived radium isotopes (223Ra and 224Ra). The groundwater transport process along the transect was simulated for understanding the groundwater flow field and quantifying the groundwater-seawater exchange rates across the water-sediment interface. The integrated results indicated that the seawater-groundwater interactions play a great influence on the groundwater hydrochemistry. For example, the major ions showed various degrees of enrichment and loss, such as losses of SO42- due to microbial sulfate reduction, and enrichment of HCO3-, Ca2+, and Mg2+ under the water-rock interactions. Heavy metals were transported by groundwater and accumulated in the intertidal sediments. In addition, there was a negative correlation between short-lived radium isotope activities and oxidation-reduction potential. However, the relationship between seawater-groundwater exchange rates and the short-lived radium isotope activities was not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Feng
- School of Water Resources and Environment Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kai Xiao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hailong Li
- School of Water Resources and Environment Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
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Hong Y, Wu J, Wilson S, Song B. Vertical Stratification of Sediment Microbial Communities Along Geochemical Gradients of a Subterranean Estuary Located at the Gloucester Beach of Virginia, United States. Front Microbiol 2019; 9:3343. [PMID: 30687299 PMCID: PMC6336712 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Subterranean estuaries (STEs) have been recognized as important ecosystems for the exchange of materials between the land and sea, but the microbial players of biogeochemical processes have not been well examined. In this study, we investigated the bacterial and archaeal communities within 10 cm depth intervals of a permeable sediment core (100 cm in length) collected from a STE located at Gloucester Point (GP-STE), VA, United States. High throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and subsequent bioinformatics analyses were conducted to examine the composition, diversity, and potential functions of the sediment communities. The community composition varied significantly from the surface to a depth of 100 cm with up to 13,000 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) based on 97% sequence identities. More than 95% of the sequences consisted of bacterial OTUs, while the relative abundances of archaea, dominated by Crenarchaea, gradually increased with sediment core depth. Along the redox gradients of GP-STE, differential distribution of ammonia- and methane-oxidizing, denitrifying, and sulfate reducing bacteria was observed as well as methanogenic archaea based on predicted microbial functions. The aerobic-anaerobic transition zone (AATZ) had the highest diversity and abundance of microorganisms, matching with the predicted functional diversity. This indicates the AATZ as a hotspot of biogeochemical processes of STEs. The physical and geochemical gradients in different depths have attributed to vertical stratification of microbial community composition and function in the GP-STE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiguo Hong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiapeng Wu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Stephanie Wilson
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of William & Mary, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, VA, United States
| | - Bongkeun Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of William & Mary, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, VA, United States
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8
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Xiao K, Wu J, Li H, Hong Y, Wilson AM, Jiao JJ, Shananan M. Nitrogen fate in a subtropical mangrove swamp: Potential association with seawater-groundwater exchange. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 635:586-597. [PMID: 29679831 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Coastal mangrove swamps play an important role in nutrient cycling at the land-ocean boundary. However, little is known about the role of periodic seawater-groundwater exchange in the nitrogen cycling processes. Seawater-groundwater exchange rates and inorganic nitrogen concentrations were investigated along a shore-perpendicular intertidal transect in Daya Bay, China. The intertidal transect comprises three hydrologic subzones (tidal creek, mangrove and bare mudflat zones), each with different physicochemical characteristics. Salinity and hydraulic head measurements taken along the transect were used to estimate the exchange rates between seawater and groundwater over a spring-neap tidal cycle. Results showed that the maximum seawater-groundwater exchange occurred within the tidal creek zone, which facilitated high-oxygen seawater infiltration and subsequent nitrification. In contrast, the lowest exchange rate found in the mangrove zone caused over-loading of organic matter and longer groundwater residence times. This created an anoxic environment conducive to nitrogen loss through the anammox and denitrification processes. Potential oxidation rates of ammonia and nitrite were measured by the rapid and high-throughput method and rates of denitrification and anammox were measured by the modified membrane inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS) with isotope pairing, respectively. In the whole transect, denitrification accounted for 90% of the total nitrogen loss, and anammox accounted for the remaining 10%. The average nitrogen removal rate was about 2.07g per day per cubic meter of mangrove sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Water Resources and Environmental Science, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiapeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Hailong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control of Shenzhen City, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, South University of Science & Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yiguo Hong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Alicia M Wilson
- School of the Earth, Ocean and Environment, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Jiu Jimmy Jiao
- Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Meghan Shananan
- School of the Earth, Ocean and Environment, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
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Luo X, Kwok KL, Liu Y, Jiao J. A Permanent Multilevel Monitoring and Sampling System in the Coastal Groundwater Mixing Zones. GROUND WATER 2017; 55:577-587. [PMID: 28297744 DOI: 10.1111/gwat.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To study the spatial and temporal variability of water dynamics and chemical reactions within the coastal groundwater mixing zones (CGMZs), high-resolution periodical and spatial groundwater sampling within CGMZs is needed. However, current samplers and sampling systems may require heavy driving machines to install. There is also possible contamination from the metal materials for current samplers and sampling systems. Here, a permanent multilevel sampling system is designed to sample coastal groundwater within CGMZs. This cost-effective system consists of metal-free materials and can be installed easily. The system is tested in Po Sam Pai and Tingkok, Tolo Harbor and Hong Kong. Major ions, nutrients, stable isotopes and radium and radon isotopes were analyzed and the data provided scientific information to study the fresh-saltwater interface fluctuations, and temporal variations and spatial heterogeneity of geochemical processes occurred within CGMZs. The reliable spatial and temporal data from the sampling system demonstrate that the system functions well and can provide scientific data for coastal aquifer studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Luo
- Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute (SRI), The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - King Lun Kwok
- Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute (SRI), The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute (SRI), The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jimmy Jiao
- Shenzhen Research Institute (SRI), The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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Fackrell JK, Glenn CR, Popp BN, Whittier RB, Dulai H. Wastewater injection, aquifer biogeochemical reactions, and resultant groundwater N fluxes to coastal waters: Kā'anapali, Maui, Hawai'i. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 110:281-292. [PMID: 27339740 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We utilize N and C species concentration data along with δ(15)N values of NO3(-) and δ(13)C values of dissolved inorganic C to evaluate the stoichiometry of biogeochemical reactions (mineralization, nitrification, anammox, and denitrification) occurring within a subsurface wastewater plume that originates as treated wastewater injection and enters the coastal waters of Maui as submarine groundwater discharge. Additionally, we compare wastewater effluent time-series data, injection rates, and treatment history with submarine spring discharge time-series data. We find that heterotrophic denitrification is the primary mechanism of N loss within the groundwater plume and that chlorination for pathogen disinfection suppresses microbial activity in the aquifer responsible for N loss, resulting in increased coastal ocean N loading. Replacement of chlorination with UV disinfection may restore biogeochemical reactions responsible for N loss within the aquifer and return N-attenuating conditions in the effluent plume, reducing N loading to coastal waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph K Fackrell
- University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Department of Geology and Geophysics, 1680 East West Road, POST 701, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
| | - Craig R Glenn
- University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Department of Geology and Geophysics, 1680 East West Road, POST 701, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
| | - Brian N Popp
- University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Department of Geology and Geophysics, 1680 East West Road, POST 701, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Robert B Whittier
- Hawai'i Department of Health, Safe Drinking Water Branch, 919 Ala Moana Boulevard, Honolulu, HI 96814, USA
| | - Henrietta Dulai
- University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Department of Geology and Geophysics, 1680 East West Road, POST 701, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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11
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Autonomous long-term gamma-spectrometric monitoring of submarine groundwater discharge trends in Hawaii. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-4580-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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