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Li Y, Lv B, Wu L, Xue J, He X, Li B, Huang M, Yang L. Understanding the impact of soil components on the environmental existence of Nonylphenol:From the perspective of soil aggregates. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 261:119750. [PMID: 39111649 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Nonylphenol (4-NP) has significant adverse effects on the male reproductive system. 4-NP is commonly used in agriculture as a plasticizer and pesticide emulsifier. In the current study, two soil samples with different textures were collected to evaluate the impact of soil components on the environmental existence of 4-NP among soil aggregates. It was found that the presence of soil POM resulted in 4-NP exhibiting a significantly polarized distribution in soil aggregates, instead of the expected increase in content with decreasing particle size. High levels of organic matter and metal oxides result in a high carrying capacity of small aggregates for 4-NP in both soil textures, while POM results in a higher carrying capacity of large aggregates for 4-NP in clay soil. Another important finding is that the existence of 4-NP in soil was regulated by the percentage of aggregates. The results of contribution shown that although small aggregates in sand presented stronger 4-NP carrying capacity, whereas 4-NP was mainly distributed in large aggregates in sand. For clay soil, 4-NP was predominantly located in small aggregates with the 4-NP contributions of small aggregates amounting to 63.17%, despite the highest carrying capacity of 4-NP was observed in large aggregates. These results provide a theoretical basis to investigate the transport and transformation of 4-NP in the soil environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Key Laboratory of Green Utilization of Critical Non-metallic Mineral Resources, Ministry of Education, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Bowei Lv
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Key Laboratory of Green Utilization of Critical Non-metallic Mineral Resources, Ministry of Education, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Li Wu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, PR China
| | - Jianming Xue
- New Zealand Forest Research Institute (Scion), Forest System, POB 29237, Christchurch, 8440, New Zealand
| | - Xiaoman He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Key Laboratory of Green Utilization of Critical Non-metallic Mineral Resources, Ministry of Education, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Bolin Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Key Laboratory of Green Utilization of Critical Non-metallic Mineral Resources, Ministry of Education, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Min Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Key Laboratory of Green Utilization of Critical Non-metallic Mineral Resources, Ministry of Education, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Lie Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Key Laboratory of Green Utilization of Critical Non-metallic Mineral Resources, Ministry of Education, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
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Yang Y, Duan P, Jiao L, He J, Ding S. Particle-scale understanding sorption of phenanthrene on sediment fractions amended with black carbon and humic acid. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:136070. [PMID: 35985379 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Black carbon (BC) and humic acid (HA) have been proposed to dominate the sorption behavior of phenanthrene in sediment. Nevertheless, little is known about the sorption mechanism that related to particle-scale by spiking of BC and HA in sediment particle size fractions. In this study, sorption isotherms for phenanthrene were determined in four particle-size sediment fractions (<2 μm, 2-31 μm, 31-63 μm and >63 μm) that amended with BC and HA, or not. The fitting results by Freundlich model indicated that the sediment particle size fractions amended with BC increased the sorption capacity and affinity for phenanthrene. Sediment coarser size fractions (31-63 μm and >63 μm) by spiking of BC contributed higher to sorption capacity factor (KF) and nonlinearity factor (n) than the finer size fractions (2-31 μm and <2 μm). By contrast, the sediment particle size fractions amended with HA enhanced the sorption distribution coefficient (Kd), but reduced the sorption affinity for phenanthrene. All these phenomena are obviously affected by the distribution of heterogeneous organic matter that related to sediment particle-scale. Results of this work could help us better understand the impact of increased BC and HA content in sediments on the sorption of hydrophobic organic pollutants (HOCs) and predict the fate of HOCs in offshore sediments due to tidal action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Kunming Institute of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Pingzhou Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Institute of Water Environment Research, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Lixin Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Institute of Water Environment Research, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Jia He
- Kunming Institute of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Shuai Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Institute of Water Environment Research, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
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3
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Song X, Zhang Z, Wen Y, Zhang W, Xie Y, Cao N, Sun D, Yang Y. The response of steroid estrogens bioavailability to various sorption mechanisms by soil organic matter extracted with sequential alkaline-extraction method from an agriculture soil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 308:119630. [PMID: 35760201 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The long-term groundwater contamination risks posed by steroidal estrogens (SEs) in animal-manured agricultural soils are closely associated with the soil organic matter (SOM) content and composition. In this study, the bioavailability of estrone (E1) and 17β-estradiol (17β-E2) under different sorption mechanism in humic acids (HA1 and HA2) and humin (HM) extracted with sequential alkaline-extraction technique (SAET) were examined. These SOMs extracted by SAET showed various properties and sorption characteristics for SEs. The alkyl carbon and condensed SOM increased during SAET, but aromatic carbon decreased and the same trend for polarity. Quick sorption was the major SEs sorption mechanism on HA1 and HA2, which contributed more than 69%; whilst slow sorption rate was about 50% in soil and HM. The logKoc values were proportional to the TOC of SOM according to Freundlich fitting, and the sorption capacity of sorbent for E1 and 17β-E2 was related to the logKow values, indicating that the main mechanism controlling the SEs sorption was hydrophobic interaction. The larger micropore volume of HM and soil was more conducive to the micropore filling of SEs. Meanwhile, the specific sorption of SEs on condensed domain of SOM was the main reason for the strong desorption hysteresis and slow sorption in HM and soil. The SEs degradation rate was positively correlated with the contribution rate of quick adsorption and negatively correlated with the contribution rate of slow adsorption, indicating that the bioavailability of SEs sorbed by hydrophobic interaction was higher than that of micropore filling or specific sorption, which was also the reason for the low bioavailability of SEs in HM and soil. This work confirms the regulation of on-site SOM compositions and their properties on SEs sorption and bioavailability. Characterization of these details is crucial for the improved prediction of long-term risks to groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Song
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Education, Shenyang University, Shenyang, 110044, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- Chengdu Center of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Sichuan Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources, Chengdu, 610081, China.
| | - Yujuan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Education, Shenyang University, Shenyang, 110044, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Yi Xie
- Liaoning Provincial Ecology & Environment Monitoring Center, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Nan Cao
- Chengdu Center of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Sichuan Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources, Chengdu, 610081, China
| | - Dong Sun
- Chengdu Center of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Sichuan Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources, Chengdu, 610081, China
| | - Yuesuo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Education, Shenyang University, Shenyang, 110044, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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4
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Duan P, Jiao L, He J, Yang Y. Effect of dissolved organic matter and heavy metals ions on sorption of phenanthrene at sedimentary particle scale. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 436:129175. [PMID: 35643001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Human activities significantly increase the input of offshore heavy metals and organic pollutants. Although particle-scale and heterogeneous organic matters are fundamentally important to the fate of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs), deep understanding of the adsorption mechanism of HOCs on soil/sediment particles under the influence of heavy metal and organic pollution input is needed. This study investigates the effects of exotic DOM and heavy metals ions on the phenanthrene adsorption on sediment fractions. The adsorption experiments demonstrated that exotic DOM increased phenanthrene adsorption amount of sediment, with the greatest enhancement on clay particles (<2 µm). Nevertheless, the mechanism was differentiated accordingly to particle dimensions in terms of increased binding coefficients and mobility of phenanthrene. Furthermore, the introduction of heavy metals considerably enhanced the nonlinear sorption of phenanthrene. The Freundlich exponent N reduced by 0.01-0.24 when adding Cu2+, Zn2+ and Pb2+, especially for coarse particles (31-63 µm) fraction. In comparison, the enhancement of nonlinearity adsorption by Cu2+ and Zn2+ is significantly lower than Pb2+ ions. To our knowledge, the particle-scale study broadens the horizon of environmental fate and ecological risk of HOCs in intertidal regions, which is significantly affected by tidal action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingzhou Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, People's Republic of China; Institute of Water Environment Research, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, People's Republic of China; Institute of Water Environment Research, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jia He
- Kunming Institute of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Yang
- Kunming Institute of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, People's Republic of China
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5
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Besis A, Gallou D, Avgenikou A, Serafeim E, Samara C. Size-dependent in vitro inhalation bioaccessibility of PAHs and O/N PAHs - Implications to inhalation risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 301:119045. [PMID: 35217141 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Size segregated samples (<0.49, 0.49-0.95, 0.95-1.5, 1.5-3.0, 3.0-7.2 and > 7.2 μm) of atmospheric particulate matter (APM) were collected at a traffic site in the urban agglomeration of Thessaloniki, northern Greece, during the cold and the warm period of 2020. The solvent-extractable organic matter was analyzed for selected organic contaminants including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and their nitro- and oxy-derivarives (NPAHs and OPAHs, respectively). Mean concentrations of ∑16PAHs, ∑6NPAHs and ∑10OPAHs associated to total suspended particles (TSP) were 18 ng m-3, 0.2 ng m-3 and 0.9 ng m-3, respectively, in the cold period exhibiting significant decrease (6.4, 0.2 and 0.09 ng m-3, respectively) in the warm period. The major amount of all compounds was found to be associated with the alveolar particle size fraction <0.49 μm. The inhalation bioaccessibility of PAHs and O/N PAHs was measured in vitro using two simulated lung fluids (SLFs), the Gamble's solution (GS) and the artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF). With both SLFs, the derived bioaccessible fractions (BAFs) followed the order PAHs > OPAHs > NPAHs. Although no clear dependence of bioaccessibility on particle size was obtained, increased bioaccessibility of PAHs and PAH derivatives in coarse particles (>7.2 μm) was evident. Bioaccessibility was found to be strongly related to the logKOW and the water solubility of individual compounds hindering limited mobilization of the most hydrophobic and less water-soluble compounds from APM to SLFs. The lifetime cancer risk due to inhalation exposure to bioaccessible PAHs, NPAHs and OPAHs was estimated and compared to those calculated from the particulate concentrations of organic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Besis
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Domniki Gallou
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anna Avgenikou
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Serafeim
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Constantini Samara
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
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6
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Xu L, Zhang J, Barnie S, Zhang H, Liu F, Chen H. New insight into the adsorption mechanism of PCP by humic substances with different degrees of humification in the presence of Cr(VI). CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 284:131223. [PMID: 34182284 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Humic substances (HSs) have great retention effects on pentachlorophenol (PCP) migration in subsurface environment, but the adsorption mechanism of PCP by HSs with various aromatic/aliphatic moieties and acidic functional groups in the presence of Cr(VI) is still unclear. In this study, the adsorption mechanism of PCP by undissolved humic acid (HA) and humin (HM) extracted from peat, black soil, lignite and coal was investigated under the presence of Cr(VI). According to the results, HA samples had much lower adsorption capacity for hydrophobic PCP than HM samples due to their higher contents of hydrophilic polar oxygen-containing functional groups. In respect to PCP adsorption mechanism, the molecular unsaturation of HSs associated with humification degree was found to be the determinant instead of polarity. Notably, after reacting with Cr(VI), significant decreasing of PCP adsorption quantities occurred on HSs extracted from lignite and coal with higher degrees of unsaturation (H/C < 0.64), while HSs extracted from peat and black soil with lower degrees of unsaturation (H/C > 0.83) kept almost unchanged, which can be attributed to the much higher reactivity of aromatic domains of HSs for Cr(VI) reduction compared with aliphatic moieties. This indicated that the adsorption mechanism of PCP by HSs with higher and lower degrees of unsaturation might be respectively driven by π-π interaction and hydrophobic interaction. This study highlighted the diverse adsorption mechanisms of PCP on HSs with different degrees of humification, and emphasized the coexisting Cr(VI) only have significant effect on PCP adsorption by HSs with higher humification degrees instead of the lower ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited, Xi'an, 710065, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Samuel Barnie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; Department of Water and Sanitation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Hui Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Honghan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
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Liu G, Stewart BA, Yuan K, Ling S, Zhang M, Wang G, Lin K. Comprehensive adsorption behavior and mechanism of PFOA and PFCs in various subsurface systems in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 794:148463. [PMID: 34198087 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption-desorption performance of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), one of the environmentally persistent pollutants which is refractory to degrade in soil, was investigated and reported. The adsorption-desorption process of PFOA was firstly conducted using different fractions (sand, coarse silt and fine silt) of soil collected from Shanghai, China. More than 50% of PFOA (2.0 mg/L) could be adsorbed by soils while only less than 10% of which could be desorbed once contamination occurs. The kinetics and particle diffusion rates of PFOA in different fractions of soil were calculated and analyzed in detail. Apart from this, the retention of short-chained PFCs, which can be generated as degradation products of PFOA, were also measured. In single solute systems, the adsorption of pollutants in soils dramatically increased as the chain length of PFCs grew longer. Similarly, in mixed solutions, preferential adsorption of longer-chained PFCs over shorter chains in soils were sited, attributable to the stronger hydrophobicity of the pollutants. However, the desorption of them performed in reverse, where the desorption rates of longer-chained PFCs were far lower than those of shorter ones. Furthermore, influencing factors including pH, temperature and co-existing matters were studied during the adsorption process. After comprehending the adsorption behavior of PFOA in soil fractions, the situation of the adsorption of PFOA in various soils chosen from nine provinces in China was investigated and compared. There was an obvious discrepancy, whether it be from the rate or the amount of adsorption of PFOA (approximately 10%), in the nine different soils. Finally, a multiple linear regressive equation was employed to sort influencing parameters which are prone to affect the adsorption of PFOA in soils, the contribution of these are provided in order of relevance. These results demonstrate the adsorption performance and behavior of PFOA and PFCs in different soils, which can be utilized as a scientific reference for maximizing remediation of PFOA polluted sites in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhong Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of resource and environmental engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Brittney Ashley Stewart
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of resource and environmental engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of resource and environmental engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Siyuan Ling
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of resource and environmental engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of resource and environmental engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Guangju Wang
- School of Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Kuangfei Lin
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of resource and environmental engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Chen S, Zhou Z, Tsang DCW, Wang J, Odinga ES, Gao Y. Glomalin-related soil protein reduces the sorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by soils. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 260:127603. [PMID: 32682136 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Large amounts of glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) are present in the soil; however, the impacts of GRSP on the chemical process of soil polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are far under investigation. This research sought to elucidate the sorption of phenanthrene as a representative PAH by soils, including Kandiudult, TypicPaleudalf, and Mollisols with co-existing GRSP (0-50 mg/L). The results indicated that soil sorption capacities for phenanthrene reduced significantly. Notably, GRSP changed the sorption process of phenanthrene by Kandiudult, well described as the Freundlich model. In contrast, the phenanthrene sorption isotherms were well described with the Linear model for TypicPaleudalf and Mollisols. The reduced percentage of phenanthrene sorption due to GRSP addition was 7.01%-49.21%, 23.92%-68.71%, and17.26%-66.80% for Kandiudult, TypicPaleudalf and Mollisols, respectively. It was noted that GRSP has a strong capacity for phenanthrene sorption in aqueous solutions and elevates the availability of phenanthrene for microorganisms or plants. During the sorption process, the introduction of GRSP resulted in the reduction of organic matter in soils and elevated the concentrations of dissolved organic matter in solutions, which was the primary mechanism of GRSP-reduced phenanthrene sorption by soils. The findings revealed that GRSP enrichment can increase the mobility of PAHs in contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chen
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ziyan Zhou
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Emmanuel Stephen Odinga
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yanzheng Gao
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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9
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Ren H, Yu Y, An T. Bioaccessibilities of metal(loid)s and organic contaminants in particulates measured in simulated human lung fluids: A critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:115070. [PMID: 32806460 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Particle-bound pollutants can pose a health risk to humans. Inhalation exposure evaluated by total contaminant concentrations significantly overestimates the potential risk. To assess the risk more accurately, bioavailability, which is the fraction that enters into the systemic circulation, should be considered. Researchers have replaced bioavailability by bioaccessibility due to the rapid and cost-efficient measurement for the latter, especially for assessment by oral ingestion. However, contaminants in particulates have different behavior when inhaled than when orally ingested. Some of the contaminants are exhaled along with exhalation, and others are deposited in the lung with the particulates. In addition, a fraction of the contaminants is released into the lung fluid and absorbed by the lung, and another fraction enters systemic circulation under the action of cell phagocytosis on particulates. Even if the release fraction, i.e., release bioaccessibility, is considered, the measurement faces many challenges. The present study highlights the factors influencing release bioaccessibility and the incorporation of inhalation bioaccessibility into the risk assessment of inhaled contaminants. Currently, there are three types of extraction techniques for simulated human lung fluids, including simple chemical solutions, sequential extraction techniques, and physiologically based techniques. The last technique generally uses three kinds of solution: Gamble's solution, Hatch's solution, and artificial lysosomal fluid, which are the most widely used physiologically based simulated human lung fluids. External factors such as simulated lung fluid composition, pH, extraction time, and sorption sinks can affect release bioaccessibility, whereas particle size and contaminant properties are important internal factors. Overall, release bioaccessibility is less used than bioaccessibility considering the deposition fraction when assessing the risk of contaminants in inhaled particulates. The release bioaccessibility measurement poses two main challenges: developing a unified, accurate, stable, simple, and systematic biologically based method, and validating the method through in-vivo assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helong Ren
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yingxin Yu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Synergy Innovation Institute of GDUT, Shantou, 515041, China.
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Synergy Innovation Institute of GDUT, Shantou, 515041, China
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10
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Adsorption Characteristics of Oxytetracycline by Different Fractions of the Organic Matter from Humus Soil: Insight from Internal Structure and Composition. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17030914. [PMID: 32024210 PMCID: PMC7037445 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
For minimizing the transport of antibiotics to groundwater, the migration of antibiotics in soils should be investigated. Soil organic matter can affect the migration of antibiotics. To date, the influence of aromatics and aliphatic content of organic matter on the adsorption of antibiotics has been controversial. To better understand the reaction mechanism of soil organic matter with antibiotics, this study investigated the adsorption of oxytetracycline (OTC) by humus soils (HOS) and their fractions. HOS were sequentially fractionated into four organic fractions, including the removal of dissolved organic matter (HRDOM), removal of minerals (HRM), removal of free fat (HRLF), and nonhydrolyzable organic carbon (HNHC). Moreover, batch experiments revealed that adsorption capacity was ordered by HNHC > HOS > HRDOM > HRLF > HRM. SEM images and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms indicate that adsorption capacity is independent of the external structure. However, adsorption capacity is related to the internal structure and composition. Combination analysis with elemental composition and infrared spectroscopy showed that the adsorption capacity of HRM, HRLF, and HNHC had a good positive correlation with aromaticity, but a negative correlation with polarity and hydrophilicity. Additionally, the rule of binding affinity between OTC and functional groups with different properties was summarized as aromatic > polarity > hydrophilic.
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11
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Xiang L, Xiao T, Yu PF, Zhao HM, Mo CH, Li YW, Li H, Cai QY, Zhou DM, Wong MH. Mechanism and Implication of the Sorption of Perfluorooctanoic Acid by Varying Soil Size Fractions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:11569-11579. [PMID: 30240199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sorption of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a toxic and persistent organic pollutant, by various size fractions of an agricultural soil at environmentally relevant concentrations was evaluated. PFOA sorption to all fractions involved both film diffusion and intraparticle diffusion with the rate-limiting step by the latter. PFOA isotherm data fitted a linear model. Organic matter (OM), cation exchange capacity, pore volume, and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller area played key roles in PFOA sorption. The sorption capacity followed the order of humic acid > clay (0.15-4.4 mm) > fine silt (1.9-39.8 mm) > coarse silt (17.3-79.4 mm) > fine sand (45.7-316.2 mm) > coarse sand (120-724.4 mm), opposite to their contributions to overall PFOA sorption due to the influence of their percentage weight in the original soil. Percentage OM content was the dominant factor controlling the fraction contributions to overall PFOA sorption, demonstrating influence of the hydrophobic force on sorption. PFOA should be highly mobile and bioavailable in soil-crop systems due to the low log Koc values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Tao Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
| | - Peng-Fei Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
| | - Hai-Ming Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
| | - Ce-Hui Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
| | - Yan-Wen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
| | - Hui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
| | - Quan-Ying Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
| | - Dong-Mei Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation , Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210008 , China
| | - Ming-Hung Wong
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), Department of Science and Environmental Studies , The Education University of Hong Kong , Tai Po , Hong Kong , China
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Xie SY, Lao JY, Wu CC, Bao LJ, Zeng EY. In vitro inhalation bioaccessibility for particle-bound hydrophobic organic chemicals: Method development, effects of particle size and hydrophobicity, and risk assessment. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 120:295-303. [PMID: 30103127 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bioaccessibility of particle-bound hydrophobic organic contaminants and related particle size effects are significant for assessing the potential human health risk via inhalation exposure, but have not been clearly evaluated. To fill this knowledge gap, the present study developed an in vitro method to estimate the inhalation bioaccessibility of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using simulated human lung fluids, i.e., a modified Gamble's solution (MGS) and artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF) with Tenax as the absorption media. Assay parameters, namely incubation time (10 d) and influence of filter use, were optimized for establishing the in vitro method. The results showed that the bioaccessibility of PAHs increased with increasing particle size, but other factors, such as total organic carbon and chemical hydrophobicity, also played a large role in the fate of these compounds. The results from this portion of the present study were then used to evaluate human health risk, which showed that the risk of these particle-bound PAHs by incorporating size-dependent PAHs bioaccessibility and deposition efficiency in the human respiratory tract into inhalation exposure risk calculations was reduced by >90% when compared to using total concentration. This suggested that the inhalation bioaccessibility and deposition efficiency of hydrophobic organic chemicals should be included in human health risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Yi Xie
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Jia-Yong Lao
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Chen-Chou Wu
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Lian-Jun Bao
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
| | - Eddy Y Zeng
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
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Škulcová L, Scherr KE, Chrást L, Hofman J, Bielská L. Influence of soil γ-irradiation and spiking on sorption of p,p'-DDE and soil organic matter chemistry. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 155:125-132. [PMID: 29510307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The fate of organic chemicals and their metabolites in soils is often investigated in model matrices having undergone various pre-treatment steps that may qualitatively or quantitatively interfere with the results. Presently, effects associated with soil sterilization by γ-irradiation and soil spiking using an organic solvent were studied in one freshly spiked soil (sterilization prior to contamination) and its field-contaminated (sterilization after contamination) counterpart for the model organic compound 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene (p,p'-DDE). Changes in the sorption and potential bioavailability of spiked and native p,p'-DDE were measured by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), XAD-assisted extraction (XAD), and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and linked to qualitative changes in soil organic matter (SOM) chemistry measured by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier-transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy. Reduced sorption of p,p´-DDE detected with XAD and SPME was associated more clearly with spiking than with sterilization, but SFE showed a negligible impact. Spiking resulted in an increase of the DRIFT-derived hydrophobicity index, but irradiation did not. Spectral peak height ratio descriptors indicated increasing hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity in pristine soil following sterilization, and a greater reduction of hydrophobic over hydrophilic groups as a consequence of spiking. In parallel, reduced sorption of p,p´-DDE upon spiking was observed. Based on the present samples, γ-irradiation appears to alter soil sorptive properties to a lesser extent when compared to common laboratory processes such as spiking with organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Škulcová
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno CZ-62500, Czech Republic
| | - Kerstin E Scherr
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno CZ-62500, Czech Republic; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Lukáš Chrást
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno CZ-62500, Czech Republic; Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Hofman
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno CZ-62500, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Bielská
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno CZ-62500, Czech Republic.
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Wang Z, Chen M, Zhang L, Wang K, Yu X, Zheng Z, Zheng R. Sorption behaviors of phenanthrene on the microplastics identified in a mariculture farm in Xiangshan Bay, southeastern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 628-629:1617-1626. [PMID: 30045578 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Recently, with the accumulation of evidence that microplastic can be ingested by a variety of marine organisms, microplastic sorption behaviors towards organic contaminants (OCs) have become the subject of more studies due to the concerns about the contaminant vector effect. In this study, the priority microplastics identified in a mariculture farm in Xiangshan Bay, China, including polyethylene (PE) and nylon fibers (i.e., derived from new fishing ropes and nets), were examined for their sorption behaviors. The results indicate that both plastic fibers show linear isotherms towards phenanthrene, a common target hydrophobic organic contaminant (HOC), revealing the characteristics of a partitioning mechanism. The sorption capacity of PE fiber was found to be 1-2 orders of magnitude higher (evaluated by Freundlich parameter log KF) than that of nylon fiber, suggesting the importance of plastic surface functional groups (i.e., with or without hydrophilic groups). By comparing carbon normalized log KF with literature data, the organic affinity of PE fiber was found to be 1-2 orders of magnitude lower than that of vectors, such as carbonaceous geosorbents (CG), but was 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than that of marine sediments. Small size and rough surface tended to enhance the sorption of plastic fibers of phenanthrene. In addition, phenol (log KOW: 1.46), a low-hydrophobicity compound, showed approximately 3 orders of magnitude lower sorption amounts onto both fibers compared to phenanthrene (log KOW: 4.46), indicating the selectivity of hydrophobicity. The results of this study demonstrate that the high abundance of plastic fibers distributed in mariculture farms could lead to a higher contaminant transfer effect than marine sediments, and their effects on cultured seafood (e.g., crab and fish) need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Faculty of Architectural, Civil Engineering and Environment, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Minglong Chen
- Faculty of Architectural, Civil Engineering and Environment, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Faculty of Architectural, Civil Engineering and Environment, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Kan Wang
- Faculty of Architectural, Civil Engineering and Environment, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Xubiao Yu
- Faculty of Architectural, Civil Engineering and Environment, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China.
| | - Zhongming Zheng
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China.
| | - Rongyue Zheng
- Faculty of Architectural, Civil Engineering and Environment, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
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15
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Zhang D, Duan D, Huang Y, Xiong Y, Yang Y, Ran Y. Role of structure, accessibility and microporosity on sorption of phenanthrene and nonylphenol by sediments and their fractions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 219:456-465. [PMID: 27238761 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To better understand interaction mechanism of sediment organic matter with hydrophobic organic compounds, sorption of phenanthrene (Phen) and nonylphenol (NP) by bulk sediments and their fractions was investigated. Three surface sediments were selectively fractionated into different organic fractions, including the demineralized carbon (DM), lipid free carbon (LF), lipid (LP), and nonhydrolyzable carbon (NHC) fractions. The structure and microporosity of the isolated fractions were characterized by NMR and CO2 adsorption techniques, and used as sorbents for Phen and NP. The calculated micropore volumes (Vo) and specific surface area (SSA) values are positively related to the concentrations of aromatic C and char for the DM, LF and NHC fractions, suggesting that aromatic moieties and char component significantly contribute to the microporosity. The LF fractions exhibit greater sorption affinity than the DM fractions do, indicating that the presence of LP could block the accessibility of sorption sites for Phen and NP. Significant and positive correlations among log K'FOC values for Phen and NP and aromatic carbon and char contents, and Vo and SSA values suggest the aromatic moieties and microporosity dominate their sorption of HOCs by sediment organic matter (SOM). As the NHC fractions have much stronger sorption than other fractions do, they dominate the overall sorption by the bulk samples. This study indicated that the important roles of aromatic moieties, accessibility, and microporosity in the sorption of HOCs by SOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dainan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Dandan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Youda Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongqiang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yong Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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16
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Wang Z, Liu Z, Liu M, Xu K, Mayer LM. The impact of drying on structure of sedimentary organic matter in wetlands: Probing with native and amended polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 568:42-51. [PMID: 27285795 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Wetland sediments undergo dry-wet cycles that may change their structural properties and affect geochemical behavior of associated organic compounds. In this study, we examined the effect of drying on particle size distributions and the rapid (24h) sorption reactions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with salt marsh sediments in Nueces Delta, South Texas. Drying reduced the fraction of fine particles in organically richer sediments, indicating structural rearrangement of organic matter and mineral aggregates. Among the 16 EPA priority PAHs examined, dried sediment preferentially released 1.0-7.5% of phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene to added seawater (solid: water mass ratio of 1/100) - significantly greater than release from sediments maintained in the wet state. On the other hand, drying also increased the affinity of sedimentary organic matter (SOM) for experimentally amended (deuterated) phenanthrene relative to continually wet sediments. Further, deuterated phenanthrene was even more effectively retained when it was added to wet sediment that was subsequently dried and rewetted. These apparently contradictory results can be reconciled and explained by SOM having a heterogeneous distribution of hydrophobic and hydrophilic zones - e.g., a zonal model. We propose that drying changed the orientation of amphiphilic SOM, exposing hydrophobic zones and promoting the release of some of their native PAHs to water. Freshly amended PAHs were only able to penetrate into the surface hydrophobic zone and/or deeper but rapidly accessible ("kinetic") zone in wet sediments due to the brief adsorption contact time. Subsequent drying presumably then induced structural changes in SOM that isolated these amended PAHs in sites inaccessible to water exchange in the next rewetting. These results provide insights into structural changes of SOM upon drying, and help predict the fate of compounds such as organic contaminants during drought/flood oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zucheng Wang
- Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA; Department of Geography, Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; Institute for Peat and Mire, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhanfei Liu
- Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA.
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Geography, Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kehui Xu
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; Coastal Studies Institute, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Lawrence M Mayer
- Darling Marine Center, University of Maine, Walpole, ME 04573, USA
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17
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Zhang D, Duan D, Huang Y, Yang Y, Ran Y. Novel Phenanthrene Sorption Mechanism by Two Pollens and Their Fractions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:7305-7314. [PMID: 27322011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A pair of pollens (Nelumbo nucifera and Brassica campestris L.) and their fractions were characterized by elemental analysis and advanced solid-state (13)C NMR techniques and used as biosorbents for phenanthrene (Phen). Their constituents were largely aliphatic components (including sporopollenin), carbohydrates, protein, and lignin as estimated by (13)C NMR spectra of the investigated samples and the four listed biochemical classes. The structure of each nonhydrolyzable carbon (NHC) fraction is similar to that of sporopollenin. The sorption capacities are highly negatively related to polar groups largely derived from carbohydrates and protein but highly positively related to alkyl carbon, poly(methylene) carbon, and aromatic carbon largely derived from sporopollenin and lignin. The sorption capacities of the NHC fractions are much higher than previously reported values, suggesting that they are good sorbents for Phen. The Freundlich n values significantly decrease with increasing concentrations of poly(methylene) carbon, alkyl C, aromatic moieties, aliphatic components, and the lignin of the pollen sorbents, suggesting that aliphatic and aromatic structures and constituents jointly contribute to the increasing nonlinearity. To our knowledge, this is the first investigation of the combined roles of alkyl and aromatic moiety domains, composition, and accessibility on the sorption of Phen by pollen samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dainan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Dandan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Youda Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yong Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, China
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18
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Masoom H, Courtier-Murias D, Farooq H, Soong R, Kelleher BP, Zhang C, Maas WE, Fey M, Kumar R, Monette M, Stronks HJ, Simpson MJ, Simpson AJ. Soil Organic Matter in Its Native State: Unravelling the Most Complex Biomaterial on Earth. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:1670-1680. [PMID: 26783947 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Since the isolation of soil organic matter in 1786, tens of thousands of publications have searched for its structure. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has played a critical role in defining soil organic matter but traditional approaches remove key information such as the distribution of components at the soil-water interface and conformational information. Here a novel form of NMR with capabilities to study all physical phases termed Comprehensive Multiphase NMR, is applied to analyze soil in its natural swollen-state. The key structural components in soil organic matter are identified to be largely composed of macromolecular inputs from degrading biomass. Polar lipid heads and carbohydrates dominate the soil-water interface while lignin and microbes are arranged in a more hydrophobic interior. Lignin domains cannot be penetrated by aqueous solvents even at extreme pH indicating they are the most hydrophobic environment in soil and are ideal for sequestering hydrophobic contaminants. Here, for the first time, a complete range of physical states of a whole soil can be studied. This provides a more detailed understanding of soil organic matter at the molecular level itself key to develop the most efficient soil remediation and agricultural techniques, and better predict carbon sequestration and climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain Masoom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario Canada , M1C 1A4
| | | | - Hashim Farooq
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario Canada , M1C 1A4
| | - Ronald Soong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario Canada , M1C 1A4
| | - Brian P Kelleher
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario Canada , M1C 1A4
| | - Werner E Maas
- Bruker BioSpin Corp., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821-3991, United States
| | - Michael Fey
- Bruker BioSpin Corp., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821-3991, United States
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Bruker BioSpin Canada, Milton, Ontario Canada , L9T 1Y6
| | | | | | - Myrna J Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario Canada , M1C 1A4
| | - André J Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario Canada , M1C 1A4
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19
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Jin J, Sun K, Wang Z, Han L, Pan Z, Wu F, Liu X, Zhao Y, Xing B. Characterization and phthalate esters sorption of organic matter fractions isolated from soils and sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 206:24-31. [PMID: 26142747 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The sorption of two phthalate esters (PAEs) and phenanthrene (PHE) by different natural organic matter fractions (NOMs) was examined. The surface area of the NOMs correlated positively with the starting decomposition temperature (SDT), implying increased number of micropores with the rise of condensation. Sorption of PHE on nonhydrolyzable carbons (NHCs) and other NOMs was respectively dependent on aromatic and aliphatic C contents. Likely physical blocking of the aliphatic moieties and input of black carbon materials led to elevated sorption capacity for PHE of aromatic domains in the NHCs. Sorption of PAEs by NOMs excluding NHCs was jointly regulated by hydrophobic partitioning and H-bonding interactions. The SDT of the NOMs correlated negatively with the Koc when SDT ≥304 °C, likely because the highly condensed domains may impair the availability of amorphous moieties for sorption. This study highlights the influence of domain accessibility of NOMs on sorption of hydrophobic organic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Water Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Ke Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Water Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Ziying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lanfang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Water Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zezhen Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Water Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xitao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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20
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Gao H, Ma J, Xu L, Jia L. Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin extractability and bioavailability of phenanthrene in humin and humic acid fractions from different soils and sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:8620-8630. [PMID: 24705921 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2701-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Organic matter (OM) plays a vital role in controlling polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) bioavailability in soils and sediments. In this study, both a hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) extraction test and a biodegradation test were performed to evaluate the bioavailability of phenanthrene in seven different bulk soil/sediment samples and two OM components (humin fractions and humic acid (HA) fractions) separated from these soils/sediments. Results showed that both the extent of HPCD-extractable phenanthrene and the extent of biodegradable phenanthrene in humin fraction were lower than those in the respective HA fraction and source soil/sediment, demonstrating the limited bioavailability of phenanthrene in the humin fraction. For the source soils/sediments and the humin fractions, significant inverse relationships were observed between the sorption capacities for phenanthrene and the amounts of HPCD-extractable or biodegradable phenanthrene (p < 0.05), suggesting the importance of the sorption capacity in affecting desorption and biodegradation of phenanthrene. Strong linear relationships were observed between the amount of HPCD-extractable phenanthrene and the amount degraded in both the bulk soils/sediments and the humin fractions, with both slopes close to 1. On the other hand, in the case of phenanthrene contained in HA, a poor relationship was observed between the amount of phenanthrene extracted by HPCD and the amount degraded, with the former being much less than the latter. The results revealed the importance of humin fraction in affecting the bioavailability of phenanthrene in the bulk soils/sediments, which would deepen our understanding of the organic matter fractions in affecting desorption and biodegradation of organic pollutants and provide theoretical support for remediation and risk assessment of contaminated soils and sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huipeng Gao
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, People's Republic of China
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Hur J, Park SW, Kim MC, Kim HS. Enhanced binding of hydrophobic organic contaminants by microwave-assisted humification of soil organic matter. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:2704-2710. [PMID: 24050718 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced binding of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) with soil organic matter (SOM) by microwave (MW) irradiation was investigated in this study. We used fluorescence excitation emission matrix, humification index (HIX), and organic carbon partitioning coefficient (Koc) to examine characteristic changes in SOM and its sorptive capacity for HOCs. When MW was irradiated to soils, protein-like fluorescence decreased but fulvic- and humic-like fluorescence increased. The addition of activated carbon in the presence of oxygen facilitated the humification-like alteration of SOM more significantly, evidenced by increases in fulvic- and humic-like fluorescence signals. The extent of SOM-phenanthrene binding also increased with MW treatment, supported by a notable increase in Koc value from 1.8×10(4) to 7.3×10(5)Lkg(-1). Various descriptors indicating the physical and chemical properties of SOM along with the relative percentage of humic-like fluorescence and HIX values demonstrated strong linear relationships with Koc values. These linear relationships indicated that the increased binding affinity of SOM for phenanthrene was attributed to enhanced SOM humification, which was stimulated by MW irradiation. Thus, our results demonstrate that MW irradiation could be effectively used for remediation or for assessing the environmental risks of HOC-contaminated soils and groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Republic of Korea
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Guo X, Wang X, Zhou X, Ding X, Fu B, Tao S, Xing B. Impact of the simulated diagenesis on sorption of naphthalene and 1-naphthol by soil organic matter and its precursors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:12148-12155. [PMID: 24041398 DOI: 10.1021/es401732e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Soil organic matter (SOM) in a peat soil, humic acid, and humin and their precursors (i.e., cellulose and lignin) were treated at high temperature (250 and 400 °C) with high pressure in a sealed platinum reaction kittle to simulate the influence of diagenesis on their composition and structure, and impact of the simulated diagenesis on sorption behaviors of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) (i.e., naphthalene and 1-naphthol) by these samples was investigated. High temperature and pressure treatment greatly influenced chemical composition and physical properties of the original samples and their sorption for both naphthalene and 1-naphthol. Sorption of naphthalene by all samples was jointly regulated by hydrophobic and π-π interactions with their alkyl and aromatic carbon moieties, which was derived from the positive correlation between total hydrophobic carbon content of all sorbents and their organic carbon content-normalized sorption coefficients (Koc) for this compound (p = 0.075). However, sorption of 1-naphthol by the tested sorbents was governed by hydrogen bonding with their O-containing polar functionalities, as derived from the positive correlation between Koc values of 1-Naph and their polarity index ((O+N)/C). Difference in sorption mechanisms of naphthalene and 1-naphthol by the original and treated samples noted the great influence of chemical composition of sorbates on their interaction and essential roles of specific interactions (e.g., hydrogen bonding) in sorption of polar compound (i.e., 1-naphthol) to these sorbents. Surface area (SA) and porosity data of sorbents obtained from N2 sorption-desorption isotherms at 77 K showed that new SA and pores were created during the diagenetic process of all original samples, which provided substantial sorption sites and thus enhanced sorption of naphthalene and 1-naphthol. Among all tested samples, physicochemical properties of cellulose were most strongly affected by the simulated diagenetic process, and impact of such a process on its sorption intensity for the tested compounds was the most significant. The characterization data of the treated sorbents showed that the high temperature and pressure treatment similarly simulated the naturally occurring diagenesis of SOMs and their precursors, which is a first attempt. These findings are valuable for better understanding of the sorption behaviors of HOCs to SOM and its precursors as affected by diagenesis, which in turn is critical for elucidating the transport and fate of HOCs in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Guo
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
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23
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Zhang D, Ran C, Yang Y, Ran Y. Biosorption of phenanthrene by pure algae and field-collected planktons and their fractions. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:61-68. [PMID: 23714149 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The biosorption isotherms for phenanthrene (Phen) by cultured algae, field-collected plankton, and market algae samples (OSs) and their fractions (lipid-LP, lipid free carbon-LF, alkaline nonhydrolyzable carbon-ANHC, and acid nonhydrolyzable carbon-NHC) were established. All the biosorption isotherms are well fitted by the Freundlich model. The biosorption isotherms for the ANHC and NHC fractions are nonlinear and for the other fractions are linear. It was found that the NHC fractions are chemically and structurally different from other fractions by using elemental analysis and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), consisting mainly of aliphatic polymethylene carbon. The average KOC values for Phen at Ce=0.005Sw are 10706±2768mLg(-1) and 95843±55817mLg(-1) for the bulk market algal samples and their NHC isolates, respectively. As the NHC fraction for Porphyra contains higher polymethylene carbon than that for Seaweed or Spirulina, it exhibits higher biosorption capacity. Moreover, the logKOC values are significantly higher for the field-collected samples than for the market algae and cultured algae samples. The multivariate correlation shows that the logKOC values are positively related to the LP contents, and negatively to the C/N ratios for the original algal samples. Furthermore, the logKOC values are negatively related to the polarity indices (O/C and O+N/C) for the original samples and their fractions excluding LP fractions. These observations help to understand the role of polarity, LP and NHC fractions, and aliphatic structures in the biosorption of Phen, which requires more attention in the examination of sorption processes in the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dainan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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24
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Sun K, Jin J, Kang M, Zhang Z, Pan Z, Wang Z, Wu F, Xing B. Isolation and characterization of different organic matter fractions from a same soil source and their phenanthrene sorption. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:5138-5145. [PMID: 23590480 DOI: 10.1021/es3052087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Four humic acids (HAs) including de-ashed HAs (D-HAs), two humins (HMs), nonhydrolyzable carbons, and demineralized fraction (DM) were isolated separately from two soils and characterized detailedly; then their sorption of phenanthrene (Phen) was examined. The sequence of removal of HAs and minerals affected molecular composition of HMs. After de-ashing, thermal stability of HAs was improved; however, sorption (logKoc) also decreased due to removal of amorphous alkyl-C. Significant correlations between CO2 surface area of HAs with their sorption coefficients (n and Koc) suggested that pore filling could dominate Phen sorption. Alkyl-C could facilitate elevated thermal stability of OM and Phen sorption, supporting that thermal stability of OM was correlated with Phen sorption. The OM fraction composed of aromatic moieties (AMs) did not produce the highest logKoc, providing strong evidence to dispute the dominant role of AMs in Phen sorption. No correlations between the Koc values of Phen by all tested sorbents and their bulk or surface polarity were observed, suggesting that the role of bulk or surface polarity of OM fractions in regulating Phen sorption was dependent on soil sources. This work shows the major influence of bulk and surface composition of OM and amorphous alkyl-C isolated from a soil sample on hydrophobic organic compounds sorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Water Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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25
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Wang L, Xin Y, Zhou Z, Xu X, Sun H. Impact of organic matter properties on sorption domains of phenanthrene on chemically modified geosorbents and synthesized charcoals. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 244-245:268-275. [PMID: 23270950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
To study the impact of organic matter (OM) properties on different sorption domain of hydrophobic organic contaminants, phenanthrene sorption on chemically modified geosorbents and synthesized charcoals (SCs) was investigated and explored using Dual-Mode model (DMM). Sorption of phenanthrene on two geosorbents, peat and lignite, and their modified forms by hydrolysis, oxidation, and oximation, as well as on three SCs with different pyrolytic degrees changed were significantly affected by the aromaticity (A) and polarity index (PI) of OM. Positive correlation between OM normalized parameter of Langmuir sorption capacity of DMM (S(DM)/f(OM)) and A×PI(-1) was observed. To distinguish the deviation of DMM, S(DM) was corrected by assigning the Langmuir affinity parameter (b(DM)) of DMM to the high energy Langmuir affinity parameter (b(H)) in Dual-Langmuir model (DLM). More significant correlation was observed between A×PI(-1) and corrected S(DM), which confirms that the nonpolarity and aromaticity of sorbent OM contribute much to the hydrophobic organic contaminants sorption with high energy. Besides, the partition coefficient of linear domain of DMM normalized by OM (K(P)/f(OM)) was positively related to PI(-1) rather than negatively related to PI, suggesting that PI(-1) is more suitable than -PI to evaluate the nonpolarity of sorbent OM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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26
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Sun K, Zhang Z, Gao B, Wang Z, Xu D, Jin J, Liu X. Adsorption of diuron, fluridone and norflurazon on single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 439:1-7. [PMID: 23041333 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The sorption behaviors of diuron (DIU), fluridone (FLU) and norflurazon (NOR) by a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) and three multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) samples including MWCNT10 (<10nm, outer diameter), MWCNT20 (10-20 nm), and MWCNT40 (20-40 nm) were investigated. All adsorption isotherms were nonlinear and were well fitted with the Freundlich model and Dubinin Ashtakhov (DA) model. The linear relationships between the organic carbon (OC)-normalized saturated adsorption capacity (Q(0)(OC)) and surface area (SA) suggest that SA is presumably responsible for the adsorption of DIU and NOR on CNTs. While FLU, DIU, and NOR OC-normalized distribution coefficients (logK(OC)) of CNTs increased with increasing their hydrophobicity (logK(OW)) and the positive relationships between the logK(OW)-normalized logK(OC) (i.e., logK(OC)/logK(OW)) of FLU, DIU, and NOR and their hydrogen bonding ability indicate that the adsorption of FLU, DIU and NOR was mainly controlled by the hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding. The higher logK(OC) or Q(0)(OC) values of MWCNT10 and SWCNT relative to other large MWCNTs and carbonaceous adsorbents suggest that MWCNT10 has the potential to serve as an adsorbent used to reduce the mobility of herbicides in agricultural and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Water Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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27
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Guo X, Wang X, Zhou X, Kong X, Tao S, Xing B. Sorption of four hydrophobic organic compounds by three chemically distinct polymers: role of chemical and physical composition. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:7252-7259. [PMID: 22676433 DOI: 10.1021/es301386z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The sorption behavior of four hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) (i.e., phenanthrene, naphthalene, lindane, and 1-naphthol) by three types of polymers namely polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), and polyphenyleneoxide (PPO) was examined in this work. The organic carbon content-normalized sorption coefficients (K(oc)) of phenanthrene, lindane, and naphthalene by PEs of same composition but distinct physical makeup of domains increased with their crystallinity reduction (from 58.7 to 25.5%), suggesting that mobility and abundance of rubbery domains in polymers regulated HOC sorption. Cross-linking in styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer (PS2) created substantial surface area and porosity, thus, K(oc) values of phenanthrene, lindane, naphthalene, and 1-naphthol by PS2 were as high as 274.8, 212.3, 27.4, and 1.5 times of those by the linear polystyrene (PS1). The K(oc) values of lindane, naphthalene, and 1-naphthol by polar PPO were approximately 1-3 orders of magnitude higher than those by PS1, and PPO had comparable sorption for phenanthrene but higher sorption for naphthalene and 1-naphthol than PS2. This can be a result that a portion of O-containing moieties in PPO were masked in the interior part, while leaving the hydrophobic domains exposed outside, therefore demonstrating the great influence of the spatial arrangement of domains in polymers on HOC sorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Guo
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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28
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Sun K, Jin J, Gao B, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Pan Z, Xu D, Zhao Y. Sorption of 17α-ethinyl estradiol, bisphenol A and phenanthrene to different size fractions of soil and sediment. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 88:577-583. [PMID: 22475149 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The potential for negative effects caused by endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) release into the environment is a prominent concern and numerous research projects have investigated possible environmental fate and toxicity. However, their sorption behavior by size fractions of soil and sediment has not been systematically represented. The sorption of bisphenol A (BPA), 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2) and phenanthrene (Phen) by different size fractions of soil and sediment were investigated. Sorption isotherms of EE2, BPA, and Phen by size fractions of soil (SL) and sediment (ST) were well fitted to the Freundlich model. The positive correlation between EE2, BPA and Phen sorption capacity (logK(d)) of size fractions and their organic carbon (OC) content suggests that OC of size fractions in SL and ST should regulate sorption, while the surface area (SA) of size fractions may not account for sorption of EE2, BPA and Phen. Each size fraction of ST had higher sorption capacity (K(d) or K(OC)) of EE2 and BPA than that of SL due to their difference in the polarity of organic matter (OM) between terrestrial and aquatic sources. Sorption capacity logK(d) for size fractions of SL and ST did not follow the order: clay>silt>sand due to the difference in OM abundance and composition between the size fractions. Large particle fractions of ST contributed about 80% to the overall sorption for any EE2, BPA, and Phen. This study was significant to evaluate size fractions of soil and sediment as well as their associated OM affecting EE2 and BPA sorption processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Water Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
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29
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Zhang Z, Sun K, Gao B, Zhang G, Liu X, Zhao Y. Adsorption of tetracycline on soil and sediment: effects of pH and the presence of Cu(II). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 190:856-62. [PMID: 21524843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 03/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Tetracycline (TC) is frequently detected in the environment, however, knowledge on the environmental fate and transport of TC is still limited. Batch adsorption experiments of TC by soil and sediment samples were conducted. The distribution of charge and electrostatic potential of individual atoms of various TC species in the aqueous solution were determined using MOPAC version 0.034 W program in ChemBio3D Ultra software. Most of the adsorption isotherms on the soil, river and marine sediments were well fitted with the Freundlich and Polanyi-Manes (PMM) models. The single point organic carbon (OC)-normalized adsorption distribution coefficients (K(OC)) and PMM saturated adsorption capacity (Q(OC)(0)) values of TC were associated with the mesopore volume and clay content to a greater extent, indicating the mesopore volume of the soil and sediments and their clay content possibly influenced the fate and transport of TC in the natural environment. The adsorption of TC on soil and sediments strongly depended on the pH and presence of Cu(II). The presence of Cu(II) facilitated TC adsorption on soil and sediments at low pH (pH<5), possibly due to the metallic complexation and surface-bridging mechanism by Cu(II) adsorption on soil and sediments. The cation exchange interaction, metallic complexation and Coulombic interaction of mechanisms for adsorption of TC to soils and sediments were further supported by quantum chemical calculation of various TC species in different pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
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30
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Navon R, Hernandez-Ruiz S, Chorover J, Chefetz B. Interactions of carbamazepine in soil: effects of dissolved organic matter. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2011; 40:942-948. [PMID: 21546680 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2010.0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical compounds (PCs) and dissolved organic matter (DOM) are co-introduced into soils by irrigation with reclaimed wastewater. We targeted carbamazepine (CBZ) as a model compound to study the tertiary interactions between relatively polar PCs, DOM, and soil. Sorption-desorption behavior of CBZ was studied with bulk clay soil and the corresponding clay size fraction in the following systems: (i) without DOM, (ii) co-introduced with DOM, and (iii) pre-adsorption of DOM before CBZ introduction. Sorption of the DOM to both sorbents was irreversible and exhibited pronounced sorption-desorption hysteresis. Carbamazepine exhibited higher sorption affinity and nonlinearity, and a higher degree of desorption hysteresis with the bulk soil than the corresponding clay size fraction. This was probably due to specific interactions with polar soil organic matter fractions that are more common in the bulk soil. Co-introduction of CBZ and DOM to the soil did not significantly affect the sorption behavior of CBZ; however, following pre-adsorption of DOM by the bulk soil, an increase in sorption affinity and decrease in sorption linearity were observed. In this latter treatment, desorption hysteresis of CBZ was significantly increased for both sorbents. We hypothesize that this was due to either strong chemical interactions of CBZ with the adsorbed DOM or physical encapsulation of CBZ in DOM-clay complexes. Based on this study, we suggest that DOM facilitates stronger interactions of polar PCs with the solid surface. This mechanism can reduce PC desorption ability in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotem Navon
- Dep. of Soil and Water Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Opel O, Palm WU, Steffen D, Ruck WKL. Inside-sediment partitioning of PAH, PCB and organochlorine compounds and inferences on sampling and normalization methods. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2011; 159:924-931. [PMID: 21237542 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Comparability of sediment analyses for semivolatile organic substances is still low. Neither screening of the sediments nor organic-carbon based normalization is sufficient to obtain comparable results. We are showing the interdependency of grain-size effects with inside-sediment organic-matter distribution for PAH, PCB and organochlorine compounds. Surface sediment samples collected by Van-Veen grab were sieved and analyzed for 16 PAH, 6 PCB and 18 organochlorine pesticides (OCP) as well as organic-matter content. Since bulk concentrations are influenced by grain-size effects themselves, we used a novel normalization method based on the sum of concentrations in the separate grain-size fractions of the sediments. By calculating relative normalized concentrations, it was possible to clearly show underlying mechanisms throughout a heterogeneous set of samples. Furthermore, we were able to show that, for comparability, screening at < 125 μm is best suited and can be further improved by additional organic-carbon normalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Opel
- Leuphana University of Lueneburg, Institute for Ecology and Environmental Chemistry, Lueneburg, Germany.
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32
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Wang X, Guo X, Yang Y, Tao S, Xing B. Sorption mechanisms of phenanthrene, lindane, and atrazine with various humic acid fractions from a single soil sample. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:2124-2130. [PMID: 21341701 DOI: 10.1021/es102468z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The sorption behavior of organic compounds (phenanthrene, lindane, and atrazine) to sequentially extracted humic acids and humin from a peat soil was examined. The elemental composition, XPS and (13)C NMR data of sorbents combined with sorption isotherm data of the tested compounds show that nonspecific interactions govern sorption of phenanthrene and lindane by humic substances. Their sorption is dependent on surface and bulk alkyl carbon contents of the sorbents, rather than aromatic carbon. Sorption of atrazine by these sorbents, however, is regulated by polar interactions (e.g., hydrogen bonding). Carboxylic and phenolic moieties are key components for H-bonding formation. Thermal analysis reveals that sorption of apolar (i.e., phenanthrene and lindane) and polar (i.e., atrazine) compounds by humic substances exhibit dissimilar relationships with condensation and thermal stability of sorption domains, emphasizing the major influence of domain spatial arrangement on sorption of organic compounds with distinct polarity. Results of pH-dependent sorption indicate that reduction in sorption of atrazine by the tested sorbents is more evident than phenanthrene with increasing pH, supporting the dependence of organic compound sorption on its polarity and structure. This study highlights the different interaction mechanisms of apolar and polar organic compounds with humic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilong Wang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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33
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Yang Z, Wang L, Niu J. Sorption mechanisms of coexisting PAHs on sediment organic fractions. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2011; 30:576-81. [PMID: 21298702 DOI: 10.1002/etc.426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Sorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to natural sediment and isolated organic fractions, including demineralized organic matter (DM), condensed organic matter (COM), and black carbon (BC), was investigated to provide insight into sorption mechanisms. The organic carbon normalized distribution coefficient K(OC) measured for DM was 0.8 to 3.0 times higher than that of bulk sediment, indicating the physical protection of favorable PAH sorption domains by mineral conformation; that is, mineral enwrapping was supposed to prevent physically the accessing process of the sorbate molecules to the sorption domain. Surface area-normalized K(OC) values showed that the differences between COM and BC in the sorption capability were caused largely by their surface areas, additionally indicating the importance of solid physical structure. In considering specific interactions, mature organic fractions with polyaromatic sheets were implied to be affected by π-π interaction, whereas the DM sample that contained the electron-repulsive N-H group hardly sorbed PAHs via this interaction. Besides sorbent characteristics, PAH properties were also assumed to influence the sorption process. The hydrophobicity normalized sorption coefficient increased in the order of fluoranthene> phenanthrene> pyrene> fluorine> acenaphthene, with pyrene showing an exceptional order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China.
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34
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Wang L, Yang Z, Niu J. Temperature-dependent sorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on natural and treated sediments. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 82:895-900. [PMID: 21071058 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Revised: 10/16/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In aqueous environment temperature is considered to play a significant role in the sorption process of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and its influence on the sorption equilibrium is indicative of sorption energies and mechanisms. In this study, sorptions of five PAHs on three heterogeneous sorbents including one river sediment (YHR), one estuary sediment (YRD) and one treated sediment with organic matter removed (IM) were carried out at a range of temperature from 5 °C to 35 °C. Stronger sorptions were observed at lower temperatures, with the equilibrium sorption coefficient Kd increasing 2-5 times as the temperature decreases 30 °C. The increase of Kd value was attributed primarily to the change of PAH water solubility, which predicted 40-75% of the increase of Kd in the sorption process. To provide insight into the sorption mechanism, enthalpy change (ΔHS) for the sorption process was calculated and the values were observed to be negative for all of the interactions, suggesting that the exothermal sorption of PAHs inversely dependents on temperature. Based on the values of ΔHS, van der Waals forces were inferred as the main sorption mechanism for the PAHs, especially on the YHR sediment which contained more organic matter. For sorption of larger size PAHs on the sorbents with low organic matter, specific interactions were deduced to contribute to the overall sorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
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Sun K, Gao B, Zhang Z, Zhang G, Zhao Y, Xing B. Sorption of atrazine and phenanthrene by organic matter fractions in soil and sediment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2010; 158:3520-3526. [PMID: 20855138 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2010] [Revised: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine and phenanthrene (Phen) sorption by nonhydrolyzable carbon (NHC), black carbon (BC), humic acid (HA) and whole sediment and soil samples was examined. Atrazine sorption isotherms were nearly linear. The single-point organic carbon (OC)-normalized distribution coefficients (K(OC)) of atrazine for the isolated HA1, NHC1 and BC1 from sediment 1 (ST1) were 36, 550, and 1470 times greater than that of ST1, respectively, indicating the importance of sediment organic matter, particularly the condensed fractions (NHC and BC). Similar sorption capacity of atrazine and Phen by NHC but different isotherm nonlinearity indicated different sorption domains due to their different structure and hydrophobicity. The positive relationship between (O+N)/C ratios of NHC and atrazine logK(OC) at low concentration suggests H-bonding interactions. This study shows that sediment is probably a less effective sorbent for atrazine than Phen, implying that atrazine applied in sediments or soils may be likely to leach into groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Water Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Zhao X, Zheng B, Qin Y, Jiao L, Zhang L. Grain size effect on PBDE and PCB concentrations in sediments from the intertidal zone of Bohai Bay, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 81:1022-1026. [PMID: 20875665 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Revised: 06/26/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are of great environmental concern because their concentrations in the environment are increasing exponentially, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous contaminants, although their usage ceased in most industrialized countries in the mid-1970s. This research provides particle-scale understanding of PBDE and PCB distribution in sediments obtained from the three intertidal flats of Bohai Bay, China. The sediments were fractionated into three size groups (<31, 31-63, and >63μm diameter). The PBDE, PCB, and total organic matter contents were not associated with grain size, and the lowest total organic matter was found in the 31-63μm fraction at all three sites. The PCBs and PBDEs were distributed differently among the various fractions from the three sites. The highest level of PCBs and PBDEs occurred in the 31-63μm fraction of the Dagukou sediments, and their lowest levels were found in Lujuhe sediments. In the Qikou sediments, the lowest PCB level occurred in the 31-63μm fraction and the lowest PBDE level was found in the <31μm fraction. These results indicate that the environmental behavior of PBDEs and PCBs are affected by the texture and organic matter content of sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingru Zhao
- Institute of Water Environment Research, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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Sun K, Gao B, Zhang Z, Zhang G, Liu X, Zhao Y, Xing B. Sorption of endocrine disrupting chemicals by condensed organic matter in soils and sediments. CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 80:709-715. [PMID: 20579690 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Revised: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Sorption of 17alpha-ethinyl estradiol (EE2) and bisphenol A (BPA) by nonhydrolyzable carbon (NHC), black carbon (BC), and bulk soils and sediments was examined. All sorption isotherms were nonlinear and fitted both Freundlich and Dubinin-Ashtakhov (DA) models. The single-point organic carbon (OC)-normalized distribution coefficient (K(OC)) of EE2 for the isolated NHC and BC was 2.7-4.8 times and 5.4-12.9 times greater, respectively, than that of the bulk samples. However, no clear trend in BPA K(OC) values was observed. Based on the contribution of soil/sediment organic matter (SOM) fractions to the overall sorption of BPA or EE2 by the bulk samples, condensed SOM (NHC and BC) generally played a dominant role to the overall sorption. The BPA adsorption capacity (Q(OC)(0)) from the DA model was higher than that of EE2 on NHC and there was obvious difference in isotherm nonlinearity (n) between EE2 and BPA. These results suggest that BPA may have more access to the pore sites of NHC samples than EE2. The pi-pi bonds formed between BPA and NHC or BC may be stronger than that between EE2 and NHC or BC. This would be attributed to the fact that BPA has two benzene rings, and can also be used to explain the difference in hexadecane-water partition coefficient (K(HW))-normalized K(OC) values (K(OC)/K(HW)) of BPA and EE2 after factoring out the hydrophobic effect. These findings could be useful for predicting fate and ecological risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) (e.g., EE2 and BPA) in natural environments especially when soils or sediments become receptors for EDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Water Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Zhang J, He M, Lin C, Shi Y. Phenanthrene sorption to humic acids, humin, and black carbon in sediments from typical water systems in China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2010; 166:445-459. [PMID: 19475489 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-009-1014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2008] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Humic acid (HA) and humin (HM) were extracted with 0.1 M NaOH and black carbon (BC) was isolated using a combustion method at 375 degrees C from six sediments in different areas in China and their sorption isotherms for phenanthrene (Phen) were determined. All sorption isotherms were nonlinear and fitted well with the Freundlich model. Among the SOM, HM and BC with more aromatic carbon controlled the sorption nonlinearity and capacity. Compared to HM, higher K (oc) values were observed for BC due to the combustion of organic matter and native sorbates in HM. For HAs isotherms, a positive relation was observed between the K (oc) values and aliphaticity or H/C ratios, but a negative relation was shown between the n values and polarity of HAs. HA, HM, and BC were responsible for 0.4-9.3%, 46-97%, and 65-96% of the total sorption, respectively, indicating the dominance of HM and BC fractions in overall sorption of Phen by the sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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Sun K, Zhao Y, Gao B, Liu X, Zhang Z, Xing B. Organochlorine pesticides and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in irrigated soils of Beijing, China: levels, inventory and fate. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 77:1199-1205. [PMID: 19804897 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2009] [Revised: 08/27/2009] [Accepted: 09/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Limited information on the levels, inventory and fate of Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the soils irrigated by sewage or wastewater is available. In this study, variation in concentrations, profiles and fate of OCPs and PBDEs were investigated using soil samples collected from a region irrigated by sewage, mixed water and clean water in the east of Beijing, China. No significant variation was observed among groups, except for penta-BDEs. The measured SigmaOCPs and SigmaPBDEs residues ranged from 6.4 to 171.2 ng g(-1) (dw) and 501.9 to 3310.7 pg g(-1) (dw), respectively. SigmaDDTs and BDE-209 were the most abundant congeners accounting for about 76% of SigmaOCPs and 93% of SigmaPBDEs. Concentrations of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDTs) and its major degradation products, and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) ranged from 1.2 to 11.4 ng g(-1) (dw), 4.0 to 155.6 ng g(-1) (dw) and 0.3 to 3.4 ng g(-1) (dw), respectively. The major DDT degradation products were p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE. The major hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomer in irrigated soils is beta-HCH, reflecting its higher affinity to solids and resistance to degradation than other isomers. Both alpha-HCH/beta-HCH and p,p'-DDT/p,p'-DDE ratios were log-normally distributed and negatively correlated to log(SigmaHCHs) and log(SigmaDDTs), respectively, suggesting no significant recent application of OCPs. Individual BDE congeners, SigmaPBDEs and SigmaOCPs were significantly correlated with total organic carbon (TOC). Moreover, a good correlationship between SigmaPBDEs and black carbon (BC) was obtained but not between SigmaOCPs and BC. Sewage irrigation did not have obvious effect on their contaminant levels and inventory of OCPs and PBDEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Water Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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Zhang J, He M. Predicted models for phenanthrene sorption nonlinearity and capacity based on different HA/BC ratios in sediments. J Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 337:338-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Accepted: 05/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Chefetz B, Xing B. Relative role of aliphatic and aromatic moieties as sorption domains for organic compounds: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:1680-8. [PMID: 19368157 DOI: 10.1021/es803149u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The sorption behavior of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) in the environment has been the focus of numerous studies. In most of them, the role of aliphatic domains in sorption has been ignored, even although aliphatic components make up a significant portion of the soil organic matter (SOM). The objective of this review is to elucidate the role of the molecular descriptors--aromaticity and aliphaticity--of natural and engineered sorbents as sorption domains for HOCs in the environment. The data, collected from a large and diverse literature data set, show that phenanthrene, like other HOCs, has a strong affinity for aliphatic SOM domains. In many cases, sorption coefficients are higher than those with aromatic-rich sorbents. No significant correlations between either aromaticity or aliphaticity and sorption affinity were recorded for such a large and diverse data set. On the basis of the data set from our literature review of natural and engineered sorbents, we conclude that (i) aliphatic structures must be considered in the evaluation of HOC-sorption processes in the environment; (ii) neither aromaticity nor aliphaticity of SOM alone can be used to predict the sorption affinity of sorbents having wide and diverse properties; and (iii) these molecular descriptors are valuable for relatively homogeneous and chemically similar sorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benny Chefetz
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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Pan B, Ning P, Xing B. Part IV-sorption of hydrophobic organic contaminants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2008; 15:554-564. [PMID: 18923860 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-008-0051-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2007] [Accepted: 09/25/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND, AIM, AND SCOPE Behavior of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) in the environment has attracted research interest for more than three decades. It has been clearly concluded that humic substances (HSs), which are the main content of soil/sediment organic matter (SOM) and dissolved organic matter (DOM), controls the sorption of HOCs in soils/sediments. In order to predict the movement of HOCs in the environment, many studies have been conducted to relate HOCs sorption characteristics with HS chemical properties. However, no consensus has been reached on precisely what HS chemical properties regulate HOC sorption, indicating that other HS properties (besides chemical properties) may also control HOC-HS interactions. MAIN FEATURES Increasing amounts of research reveal that SOM physical properties can affect the accessibility of HOCs to SOM sorption sites and thus are of great importance for altering HOC-SOM interactions. Therefore, different from the past reviews on HOCs sorption in soils/sediments, this current one emphasizes physical conformation of HSs for both solid and dissolved forms. RESULTS SOM chemical properties such as aromatic content, aliphatic content, polarity, and molecular weight have all been reported to affect HOC sorption. No general model has been proposed to predict SOM sorption characteristics from any individual chemical properties. Physical conformations of both solid SOM and DOM are of great importance for altering HOC-SOM interactions. The terms of glassy and rubbery domains have been used to describe physical conformations of solid SOM, and efficiency of chemical oxidation and glassy-rubbery transition temperature are indirect methods to describe SOM rigidity. Various techniques and parameters have been employed to study DOM conformation, such as microscopic images, pyrene-probing hydrophobic region, surface tension, and zeta potential. However, DOM nonideal sorption properties are not properly regarded. DISCUSSION HOC-DOM interactions are investigated using solubility enhancement, gas-phase partitioning, fluorescence quenching, and dialysis equilibration methods. The limitations of all the methods are discussed in this review. Relatively, a dialysis equilibration experiment is a better design to study the true HOC-DOM interactions. CONCLUSIONS Physical conformation of SOM are of the same importance as, if not more important than, SOM chemical properties for HOC sorption. Although increasing amounts of research focus on SOM physical conformation regarding HOC sorption, proper mathematical description of its physical conformation and the relationship between SOM physical conformation and its sorption properties are still unclear. RECOMMENDATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES Quantitative characterization of SOM conformation regarding its sorption properties with HOCs is a topic worth of further research. The HOC-DOM interactions could not be adequately addressed because of the inappropriate research approach; thus, a reevaluation of HOC-DOM interactions is also required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pan
- Department of Plant, Soil and Insect Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Stockbridge Hall, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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