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Li C, Chen R, Ouyang W, Xue C, Liu M, Liu H. The response of C/N/S cycling functional microbial communities to redox conditions in shallow aquifers using in-situ sediment as bio-trap matrix. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:3666-3678. [PMID: 37323025 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2225704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microbial communities are fundamental components driving critical biogeochemical carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) cycles in groundwater ecosystems. The reduction-oxidation (redox) potential is one important environmental factor influencing the microbial community composition. Here, we developed a bio-trap method using in-situ sediment as a matrix to collect aquifer sediment samples and evaluate the response of microbial composition and C/N/S cycling functions to redox variations created by providing sole O2, joint O2 and H2, and sole H2 to three wells. Illumina sequencing analyses showed that the microbial communities in the bio-trap sediment could respond quickly to redox changes in the wells, demonstrating that this bio-trap method is promising for detecting microbial variation in the aquifer sediment. The microbial metabolic functions related to C, N and S cyclings and organic pollutants degradation were predicted by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) approach. It was found that the joint O2 and H2 injection produced medium oxidation-reduction potential (ORP -346 and -614 mV) and enhanced more microbial functions than sole O2 or H2, which mainly include oxidative phosphorylation, most carbon source metabolism, various pollutants degradation, and nitrogen and sulfur metabolism. Moreover, the functional genes encoding phenol monooxygenase, dioxygenase, nitrogen fixation, nitrification, aerobic and anaerobic nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, nitric oxide reductase, and sulfur oxidation increased. These findings tell us the contaminant bioremediation and N, S metabolism can be promoted by adjusting ORP realised by injecting joint O2 and H2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Ecology Polytechnic College, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Chen
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Technology and Business University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Ouyang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Xue
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghui Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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2
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Liu G, Liu S, Yang J, Zhang X, Lu L, Xu H, Ye S, Wu J, Jiang J, Qiao W. Complete biodegradation of tetrabromobisphenol A through sequential anaerobic reductive dehalogenation and aerobic oxidation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 470:134217. [PMID: 38583197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), a common brominated flame retardant and a notorious pollutant in anaerobic environments, resists aerobic degradation but can undergo reductive dehalogenation to produce bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disruptor. Conversely, BPA is resistant to anaerobic biodegradation but susceptible to aerobic degradation. Microbial degradation of TBBPA via anoxic/oxic processes is scarcely documented. We established an anaerobic microcosm for TBBPA dehalogenation to BPA facilitated by humin. Dehalobacter species increased with a growth yield of 1.5 × 108 cells per μmol Br- released, suggesting their role in TBBPA dehalogenation. We innovatively achieved complete and sustainable biodegradation of TBBPA in sand/soil columns columns, synergizing TBBPA reductive dehalogenation by anaerobic functional microbiota and BPA aerobic oxidation by Sphingomonas sp. strain TTNP3. Over 42 days, 95.11 % of the injected TBBPA in three batches was debrominated to BPA. Following injection of strain TTNP3 cells, 85.57 % of BPA was aerobically degraded. Aerobic BPA degradation column experiments also indicated that aeration and cell colonization significantly increased degradation rates. This treatment strategy provides valuable technical insights for complete TBBPA biodegradation and analogous contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiping Liu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Songmeng Liu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lianghua Lu
- Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing 210036, China
| | - Hongxia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shujun Ye
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jichun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiandong Jiang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Wenjing Qiao
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210095, China.
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3
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Li C, Xue C, Ouyang W, Liu M, Sun Y, Liu H. Identification and synergetic mechanism of TCE, H 2 and O 2 metabolic microorganisms in the joint H 2/O 2 system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 879:163026. [PMID: 36965730 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The sole H2 and O2 usually promote chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHCs) biotransformation by several mechanisms, including reductive dechlorination and aerobic oxidation. However, the mechanism of the CHCs transformation in joint H2 and O2 system (H2/O2 system) is still unclear. In this study, the degradation kinetics of trichloroethene (TCE) were investigated and DNA stable isotope probing (DNA-SIP) were used to explore the synergistic mechanism of functional microorganisms on TCE degradation under the condition of H2/O2 coexistence. In the H2/O2 microcosm, TCE was significantly removed by 13.00 μM within 40 days, much higher than N2, H2 and O2 microcosms, and 1,1-DCE was detected as an intermediate. DNA-SIP technology identified three anaerobic TCE metabolizers, five aerobic TCE metabolizers, nine hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria (HOB), some TCE metabolizers utilizing limited O2, and some anaerobic dechlorinating bacteria reductively using H2 to dechlorinate TCE. It is also confirmed for the first time that 3 OUTs belonging to Methyloversatilis and SH-PL14 can simultaneously utilize H2 and O2 as energy sources to grow and metabolize TCE or 1,1-DCE. HOB may provide carbon sources or electron acceptors or donors for TCE biotransformation. These findings confirm the coexistence of anaerobic and aerobic TCE metabolizers and degraders, which synergistically promoted the conversion of TCE in the joint H2/O2 system. Our results provide more information about the functional microbe resources and synergetic mechanisms for TCE degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430078, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430078, PR China
| | - Chen Xue
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430078, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430078, PR China
| | - Weiwei Ouyang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430078, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430078, PR China
| | - Minghui Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430078, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430078, PR China
| | - Yingtao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Hui Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430078, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430078, PR China.
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4
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Yang K, Wang W, Li L. Dechlorination of dichloromethane by a biofilter enriched with electroactive bacteria: Performance, kinetics, and microbial community. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114247. [PMID: 36058274 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dichloromethane (DCM) is a recalcitrant volatile organic compound that exhibits biological toxicity and bioaccumulation. In this study, gaseous DCM was removed using an electroactive bacterial biofilter (EBB) with graphite rod as the anode and carbon felt as the cathode. The highest removal efficiency (97.09%) was achieved at a cathodic potential of -600 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl). The EBB had a maximum elimination capacity of 79.29 g m-3 h-1 when the inlet load was 96.48 g m-3 h-1. There was no substrate inhibition phenomenon observed in the EBB, and the Michaelis-Menten model was used to describe the kinetics of the EBB. High-throughput sequencing indicated that electroactive genera such as Rhodanobacter sp., Sphingomonas sp., Pseudomonas sp., Chryseobacterium sp., Pseudochrobactrum sp., and Mycobacterium sp. dominated the EBB. The microbial communities were stable and were slightly affected by the DCM inlet concentration. The results can be applied for the effective treatment of recalcitrant volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixiong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Wenwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China.
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5
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Li C, Chen R, Liu H, Huang Y, Yu J, Ouyang W, Xue C. Response of chlorinated hydrocarbon transformation and microbial community structure in an aquifer to joint H 2 and O 2. RSC Adv 2022; 12:23252-23262. [PMID: 36090448 PMCID: PMC9380535 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04185e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2) are critical electron donors and acceptors to promote the anaerobic and aerobic microbial transformation of chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHCs), respectively. Electrochemical technology can effectively supply H2 and O2 directly to an aquifer. However, the response of CHC transformation and microbial community structure to joint H2 and O2 are still unclear. In this work, microcosms containing different combinations of H2 and O2 were constructed with natural sediments and nine mixed CHCs. The joint H2 and O2 microcosm (H2/O2 microcosm) significantly promoted the biotransformation of trichloroethylene (TCE), trans-dichloroethene (tDCE) and chloroform (CF). Illumina sequencing analyses suggested that a particular microbial community was formed in the H2/O2 microcosm. The specific microbial species included Methyloversatilis, Dechloromonas, Sediminibacterium, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Curvibacter, Comamonas and Acidovorax, and the relative abundance of the tceA, phe and soxB genes synchronously increased. These results suggested that some specific microbes are potential CHC converters using H2 and O2 as energy sources, and aerobic and anaerobic transformations exist simultaneously in the H2/O2 microcosm. It provides a theoretical basis for establishing efficient green remediation technologies for CHC contaminated aquifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Li
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences Wuhan Hubei 430078 PR China
| | - Rong Chen
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Technology and Business University Wuhan Hubei 430065 PR China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences Wuhan Hubei 430078 PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences Wuhan Hubei 430078 PR China
| | - Yao Huang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences Wuhan Hubei 430078 PR China
| | - Jintao Yu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences Wuhan Hubei 430078 PR China
| | - Weiwei Ouyang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences Wuhan Hubei 430078 PR China
| | - Chen Xue
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences Wuhan Hubei 430078 PR China
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6
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Zhu X, Wang X, Li N, Wang Q, Liao C. Bioelectrochemical system for dehalogenation: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 293:118519. [PMID: 34793908 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Halogenated organic compounds are persistent pollutants, whose persistent contamination and rapid spread seriously threaten human health and the safety of ecosystems. It is difficult to remove them completely by traditional physicochemical techniques. In-situ remediation utilizing bioelectrochemical technology represents a promising strategy for degradation of halogenated organic compounds, which can be achieved through potential modulation. In this review, we summarize the reactor configuration of microbial electrochemical dehalogenation systems and relevant organohalide-respiring bacteria. We also highlight the mechanisms of electrode potential regulation of microbial dehalogenation and the role of extracellular electron transfer in dehalogenation process, and further discuss the application of bioelectrochemical technology in bioremediation of halogenated organic compounds. Therefore, this review summarizes the status of research on microbial electrochemical dehalogenation systems from macroscopic to microscopic levels, providing theoretical support for the development of rapid and efficient in situ bioremediation technologies for halogenated organic compounds contaminated sites, as well as insights for the removal of refractory fluorides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, No. 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xin Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, No. 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Nan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Beijing Construction Engineering Group Environmental Remediation Co. Ltd. and National Engineering Laboratory for Site Remediation Technologies, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Chengmei Liao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, No. 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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7
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Chen K, Liu Z, Wang X, Yu C, Ye J, Yu C, Wang F, Shen C. Enhancement of perchloroethene dechlorination by a mixed dechlorinating culture via magnetic nanoparticle-mediated isolation method. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 786:147421. [PMID: 33964769 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Highly enriched active dechlorinating cultures are important in advancing microbial remediation technology. This study attempted to enrich a rapid perchloroethene (PCE) dechlorinating culture via magnetic nanoparticle-mediated isolation (MMI). MMI is a novel method that can separate the fast-growing and slow-growing population in a microbial community without labelling. In the MMI process, PCE dechlorination was enhanced but the subsequent trichloroethene (TCE) dechlorination was inhibited, with TCE cumulative rate reached up to 80.6% within 70 days. Meanwhile, the microbial community was also changed, with fast-growing genera like Dehalobacterium and Petrimonas enriched, and slow-growing Methanosarcina almost ruled out. Relative abundances of several major genera including Petrimonas and Methanosarcina were positively related to TCE dechlorination rate and the relative abundance of Dehalococcoides. On the other hand, Dehalobacterium was negatively related to TCE dechlorination rate and Dehalococcoides abundance, suggesting potential competition between Dehalobacterium and Dehalococcoides. The regrowth of Methanosarcina coupled well with the recovery of TCE dechlorination capacity, which implied the important role of methanogens in TCE dechlorination. Via MMI method, a simpler but more active microbial consortium could be established to enhance PCE remediation efficiency. Methanogens may act as the indicators or biomarkers for TCE dechlorination, suggesting that methanogenic activity should also be monitored when enriching dechlorination cultures and remediating PCE contaminated sites. CAPSULE: A rapid perchloroethene dechlorinator was gotten via magnetic nanoparticles and dechlorination of trichloroethene coupled well with growth of Methanosarcina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezhen Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zefan Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Ecological Environmental Science Design and Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Chungui Yu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Junxiang Ye
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chunna Yu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Feier Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chaofeng Shen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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8
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Sánchez C, Dessì P, Duffy M, Lens PNL. Microbial electrochemical technologies: Electronic circuitry and characterization tools. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 150:111884. [PMID: 31780409 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Microbial electrochemistry merges microbiology, electrochemistry and electronics to provide a set of technologies for environmental engineering applications. Understanding the electronic concepts is crucial for effectively adopting these systems, but the importance of electronic circuitry is often overlooked by microbial electrochemistry researchers. This review provides the background on the electronics and electrochemical concepts involved in the study of microorganisms interacting with electricity, and their applications in microbial electrochemical technology (MET). The potentiostat circuitry is described along with its working principles. Electrochemical analyses are presented together with the rational and parameters employed to study MET devices and electroactive microorganisms. Finally, future directions are delineated towards the adoption of MET, and the related electronics, in environmental engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Sánchez
- Microbiology Department, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Paolo Dessì
- Microbiology Department, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Maeve Duffy
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Piet N L Lens
- Microbiology Department, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
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9
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Electrolysis-Assisted Mn(II)/Sulfite Process for Organic Contaminant Degradation at Near-Neutral pH. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11081608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Manganese-catalyzed sulfite activation (i.e., Mn(II)/sulfite) has emerged as an advanced oxidation process to produce sulfate radical (SO4•−) for water treatment. However, to maintain the catalytic activity of Mn(II) ion, solution acidity has to be kept below pH 4, which is difficult to maintain in practice. Moreover, Mn(II)/sulfite reaction is a strongly oxygen-dependent process, and purging air into reaction solution is another extra cost. To solve the above issues, we devised to implement electrolysis into Mn(II)/sulfite (i.e., electro/Mn(II)/sulfite process) for organic compound (bisphenol A, BPA) oxidation. It was revealed that, under near-neutral conditions (pH 6), the removal rate of 10 μM BPA was increased from 46.3%, by Mn(II)/sulfite process, to 94.2% by electro/Mn(II)/sulfite process. The enhancement of BPA removal after implementation of electrolysis to Mn(II)/sulfite process was investigated, and concluded to be a result of several pathways. In detail, the produced oxygen from water electrolysis, direct sulfite oxidation on anode, and local acidic pH at anode vicinity together play a role in promoting SO4•− production and, therefore, contaminant removal. Radical-scavenging assays confirmed the dominant role of SO4•− in electro/Mn(II)/sulfite process.
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10
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Yang GCC. Integrated electrokinetic processes for the remediation of phthalate esters in river sediments: A mini-review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 659:963-972. [PMID: 31096426 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Concerning the contamination of phthalate esters (PAEs) in river sediments, this mini-review introduces four recently reported novel "integrated electrokinetic (EK) processes" for the remediation purpose, namely two combined technologies of the EK process and advanced oxidation process (EK-AOP Processes) and two combined technologies of the EK process and biological process (EK-BIO Processes). The following is a comprehensive summary for these remediation processes: (1) the EK process coupled with nano-Fe3O4/S2O82- oxidation process - Test results have shown that nanoscale Fe3O4 played a significant role in activating persulfate oxidation. Even a recalcitrant compound like di(2‑ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), its concentration in test sediment was reduced to 1.97 mg kg-1, far below the regulatory levels set by Taiwan EPA; (2) the EK process integrated with a novel Fenton-like process catalyzed by nanoscale schwertmannite (nano-SHM) - Test results have revealed that simultaneous injection of nano-SHM slurry and H2O2 into the anode reservoir and sediment compartment is a good practice. 70-99% in removal efficiency was obtained for various target PAEs; (3) enhanced in situ bioremediation coupled with the EK process for promoting the growth of intrinsic microorganisms by adding H2O2 as an oxygen release compound (ORC) - Test results have demonstrated that an intermittent mode of injecting lab-prepared ORC directly into the contaminant zone would be beneficial to the growth of intrinsic microorganisms in test sediment for in situ bioremediation of target PAEs; and (4) coupling of a second-generation ORC (designated 2G-ORC) with the EK-biological process - Test results have proved that 2G-ORC is long-lasting and can be directly utilized as the carbon source and oxygen source for microbial growth resulting in an enhanced biodegradation of PAEs. Except DEHP having a residual concentration of 4 μg kg-1, all other target PAEs in test sediment were totally removed by this novel combined remediation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon C C Yang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
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11
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Selvi A, Aruliah R. A statistical approach of zinc remediation using acidophilic bacterium via an integrated approach of bioleaching enhanced electrokinetic remediation (BEER) technology. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 207:753-763. [PMID: 29859487 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to isolate an indigenous acidophilic bacterium from tannery effluent contaminated sludge (TECS) sample and evaluate its potentiality towards the removal of zinc using an integrated approach of bioleaching enhanced electrokinetic remediation (BEER) technology in zinc spiked soil at an initial concentration of 1000 mg/kg. The isolated acidophilic bacterium was characterized by biochemical and 16S rRNA molecular identification and was named as Serratia marcescens SMAR1 bearing an accession no. MG742410 in NCBI database. The effect of pH and inoculum dosage of SMAR 1 strain showed an optimal growth at pH 5.0 and 4% (v/v) respectively. Based on these experimental data, a statistical analysis was done using Design Expert computer software, v11 to study the interaction between the process parameters with respect to zinc reduction as an output response. Electrokinetic experiments were conducted in a customised EK cell under optimised process conditions, employing titanium electrodes. Experiments for zinc removal were demonstrated for bioleaching, electrokinetic (EK) and BEER technology. On comparing, the integrated process was found to evidence as an excellent metal remediation option with a maximum zinc removal of 93.08% in 72 h than plain bioleaching (72.86%) and EK (56.67%) in 96 h. This is the first report of zinc removal in a short period of time using Serratia marcescens. It is therefore concluded that the BEER approach can be regarded as an effective technology in cleaning up the metal contaminated environment with an easy recovery and reuse option within short period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adikesavan Selvi
- Environmental Molecular Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore, 632115, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Rajasekar Aruliah
- Environmental Molecular Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore, 632115, Tamilnadu, India.
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12
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Liu L, Sun X, Li W, An Y, Li H. Electrochemical hydrodechlorination of perchloroethylene in groundwater on a Ni-doped graphene composite cathode driven by a microbial fuel cell. RSC Adv 2018; 8:36142-36149. [PMID: 35558452 PMCID: PMC9088688 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06951d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancing the activity of the cathode and reducing the voltage for electrochemical hydrodechlorination of chlorohydrocarbon were always the challenges in the area of electrochemical remediation. In this study, a novel cathode material of Ni-doped graphene generated by Ni nanoparticles dispersed evenly on graphene was prepared to electrochemically dechlorinate PCE in groundwater. The reduction potential of Ni-doped graphene for PCE electrochemical hydrodechlorination was −0.24 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) determined by cyclic voltammetry. A single MFC with a voltage of 0.389–0.460 V and a current of 0.221–0.257 mA could drive electrochemical hydrodechlorination of PCE effectively with Ni-doped graphene as the cathode catalyst, and the removal rate of PCE was significantly higher than that with single Ni or graphene as the cathode catalyst. Moreover, neutral conditions were more suitable for Ni-doped graphene to electrochemically hydrodechlorinate PCE in groundwater and no byproduct was accumulated. Ni-doped graphene was prepared to electrochemically dechlorinate PCE driven by a microbial fuel cell. Dechlorination efficiency and reduction potential were significantly higher than for bare Ni or graphene.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Xiaochen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Wenxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Jilin University)
- Ministry of Education
- Changchun
- China
| | - Yonglei An
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Jilin University)
- Ministry of Education
- Changchun
- China
| | - Hongdong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
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13
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Daghio M, Aulenta F, Vaiopoulou E, Franzetti A, Arends JBA, Sherry A, Suárez-Suárez A, Head IM, Bestetti G, Rabaey K. Electrobioremediation of oil spills. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 114:351-370. [PMID: 28279880 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Annually, thousands of oil spills occur across the globe. As a result, petroleum substances and petrochemical compounds are widespread contaminants causing concern due to their toxicity and recalcitrance. Many remediation strategies have been developed using both physicochemical and biological approaches. Biological strategies are most benign, aiming to enhance microbial metabolic activities by supplying limiting inorganic nutrients, electron acceptors or donors, thus stimulating oxidation or reduction of contaminants. A key issue is controlling the supply of electron donors/acceptors. Bioelectrochemical systems (BES) have emerged, in which an electrical current serves as either electron donor or acceptor for oil spill bioremediation. BES are highly controllable and can possibly also serve as biosensors for real time monitoring of the degradation process. Despite being promising, multiple aspects need to be considered to make BES suitable for field applications including system design, electrode materials, operational parameters, mode of action and radius of influence. The microbiological processes, involved in bioelectrochemical contaminant degradation, are currently not fully understood, particularly in relation to electron transfer mechanisms. Especially in sulfate rich environments, the sulfur cycle appears pivotal during hydrocarbon oxidation. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the research on bioelectrochemical remediation of oil spills and of the key parameters involved in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Daghio
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy.
| | - Federico Aulenta
- Water Research Institute (IRSA), National Research Council (CNR), Via Salaria km 29,300, 00015 Monterotondo, RM, Italy
| | - Eleni Vaiopoulou
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Andrea Franzetti
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Jan B A Arends
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Angela Sherry
- School of Civil Engineering & Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Ana Suárez-Suárez
- School of Civil Engineering & Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Ian M Head
- School of Civil Engineering & Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Giuseppina Bestetti
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Korneel Rabaey
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
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14
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Schiwy A, Maes HM, Koske D, Flecken M, Schmidt KR, Schell H, Tiehm A, Kamptner A, Thümmler S, Stanjek H, Heggen M, Dunin-Borkowski RE, Braun J, Schäffer A, Hollert H. The ecotoxic potential of a new zero-valent iron nanomaterial, designed for the elimination of halogenated pollutants, and its effect on reductive dechlorinating microbial communities. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 216:419-427. [PMID: 27317494 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the ecotoxic potential of a new zero-valent iron nanomaterial produced for the elimination of chlorinated pollutants at contaminated sites. Abiotic dechlorination through the newly developed nanoscale zero-valent iron material and its effects on dechlorinating bacteria were investigated in anaerobic batch and column experiments. The aged, i.e. oxidized, iron material was characterization with dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray analysis, x-ray diffractometry and cell-free reactive oxygen measurements. Furthermore, it was evaluated in aerobic ecotoxicological test systems with algae, crustacean, and fish, and also applied in a mechanism specific test for mutagenicity. The anaerobic column experiments showed co-occurrence of abiotic and biological dechlorination of the common groundwater contaminant perchloroethene. No prolonged toxicity of the nanomaterial (measured for up to 300 days) towards the investigated dechlorinating microorganism was observed. The nanomaterial has a flake like appearance and an inhomogeneous size distribution. The toxicity to crustacean and fish was calculated and the obtained EC50 values were 163 mg/L and 458 mg/L, respectively. The nanomaterial showed no mutagenicity. It physically interacted with algae, which had implications for further testing and the evaluation of the results. Thus, the newly developed iron nanomaterial was slightly toxic in its reduced state but no prolonged toxicity was recorded. The aquatic tests revealed a low toxicity with EC50 values ≥ 163 mg/L. These concentrations are unlikely to be reached in the aquatic environment. Hence, this nanomaterial is probably of no environmental concern not prohibiting its application for groundwater remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schiwy
- Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Hanna M Maes
- Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Daniel Koske
- Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Mirkko Flecken
- Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Kathrin R Schmidt
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Water Technology Center, Karlsruher Str. 84, Karlsruhe 76139, Germany
| | - Heico Schell
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Water Technology Center, Karlsruher Str. 84, Karlsruhe 76139, Germany
| | - Andreas Tiehm
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Water Technology Center, Karlsruher Str. 84, Karlsruhe 76139, Germany
| | - Andre Kamptner
- UVR-FIA GmbH, Chemnitzer Straße 40, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Silke Thümmler
- UVR-FIA GmbH, Chemnitzer Straße 40, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Helge Stanjek
- Clay and Interface Mineralogy, RWTH Aachen University, Bunsenstrasse 8, 52072 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marc Heggen
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons, Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, 52425 Juelich, Germany
| | - Rafal E Dunin-Borkowski
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons, Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, 52425 Juelich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Braun
- VEGAS-Research Facility for Subsurface Remediation, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 61, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Schäffer
- Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany; College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, 1 Tiansheng Road Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Qixia District Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Henner Hollert
- Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany; College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, 1 Tiansheng Road Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Qixia District Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
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15
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Yang GCC, Huang SC, Jen YS, Tsai PS. Remediation of phthalates in river sediment by integrated enhanced bioremediation and electrokinetic process. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 150:576-585. [PMID: 26733014 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of enhanced bioremediation coupling with electrokinetic process for promoting the growth of intrinsic microorganisms and removing phthalate esters (PAEs) from river sediment by adding an oxygen releasing compound (ORC). Test results are given as follows: Enhanced removal of PAEs was obtained by electrokinetics, through which the electroosmotic flow would render desorption of organic pollutants from sediment particles yielding an increased bioavailability. It was also found that the ORC injected into the sediment compartment not only would alleviate the pH value variation due to acid front and base front, but would be directly utilized as the carbon source and oxygen source for microbial growth resulting in an enhanced degradation of organic pollutants. However, injection of the ORC into the anode compartment could yield a lower degree of microbial growth due to the loss of ORC during the transport by EK. Through the analysis of molecular biotechnology it was found that both addition of an ORC and application of an external electric field can be beneficial to the growth of intrinsic microbial and abundance of microflora. In addition, the sequencing result showed that PAEs could be degraded by the following four strains: Flavobacterium sp., Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Rhodococcus sp. The above findings confirm that coupling of enhanced bioremediation and electrokinetic process could be a viable remediation technology to treat PAEs-contaminated river sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon C C Yang
- Center for Emerging Contaminants Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sheng-Chih Huang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Yu-Sheng Jen
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Shin Tsai
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, ROC
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16
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Li WW, Yu HQ. Electro-assisted groundwater bioremediation: fundamentals, challenges and future perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 196:677-684. [PMID: 26227572 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bioremediation is envisaged as an important way to abate groundwater contamination, but the need for chemical addition and limited bioavailability of electron donors/acceptors or contaminants hamper its application. As a promising means to enhance such processes, electrochemical system has drawn considerable attention, as it offers distinct advantages in terms of environmental benignity, controllability and treatment efficiency. Meanwhile, there are also potential risks and considerable engineering challenges for its practical application. This review provides a first comprehensive introduction of this emerging technology, discusses its potential applications and current challenges, identifies the knowledge gaps, and outlooks the future opportunities to bring it to field application. The need for a better understanding on the microbiology under electrochemical stimulation and the future requirements on process monitoring, modeling and evaluation protocols and field investigations are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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17
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Wang H, Luo H, Fallgren PH, Jin S, Ren ZJ. Bioelectrochemical system platform for sustainable environmental remediation and energy generation. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:317-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Revised: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Lai A, Verdini R, Aulenta F, Majone M. Influence of nitrate and sulfate reduction in the bioelectrochemically assisted dechlorination of cis-DCE. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 125:147-154. [PMID: 25556008 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigated the reductive dechlorination (RD) of cis-dichloroethylene (cis-DCE) (average influent 14.2±0.7 μM) by a bioelectrochemical system (BES), in the presence of real contaminated groundwater containing high levels of nitrate and sulfate. The BES enhanced both the RD and competing reactions, such as nitrate and sulfate reductions, which occurred with neither an external organic carbon source nor any inoculum other than the indigenous microbial consortia in the real groundwater. In preliminary batch tests, RD and full nitrate removal occurred after a short lag phase, whereas sulfate reduction occurred slowly and alongside the RD. Under continuous flow conditions (hydraulic retention time, HRT, 1.4 d), the competition of different electron acceptors was strongly affected by the cathodic potential in the range -550 to -750 mV vs. standard hydrogen electrode (SHE). Nitrate reduction was driven to completion at all tested cathodic potentials, whereas sulfate reduction and the RD rate increased as the cathodic potential became more negative. At -750 mV vs. SHE, strong methanogenesis was also observed and became the most important sink of electrons. The overall coulombic efficiency decreased while the potential became more negative. The RD contribution was always less than 1%. Hence, greater energy consumption was required to obtain higher RD rate and better conversion. Anodic oxidation was only observed at -750 mV vs. SHE where almost 39% of residual vinyl chloride (VC) was oxidized and the sulfate was formed back from sulfide (further contributing to electric waste).
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Lai
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Verdini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Federico Aulenta
- Water Research Institute (IRSA-CNR), National Research Council, 00016 Monterotondo, RM, Italy
| | - Mauro Majone
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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19
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Kranzioch I, Ganz S, Tiehm A. Chloroethene degradation and expression of Dehalococcoides dehalogenase genes in cultures originating from Yangtze sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:3138-3148. [PMID: 25233916 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3574-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The anaerobic Dehalococcoides spp. is the only microorganism known to completely dechlorinate the hazardous compounds tetrachloroethene (PCE) or trichloroethene (TCE) via dichloroethene (DCE) and vinyl chloride (VC) to the terminal product, ethene. In this study, growth of Dehalococcoides spp. (DHC) and the expression of DHC dehalogenase genes were demonstrated for Yangtze enrichment cultures. Reductive dechlorination of chloroethenes occurred in Yangtze sediment without the addition of any external auxiliary substrates. All Yangtze enrichment cultures completely dechlorinated PCE and cis-DCE to ethene. To investigate expression of the dehalogenase genes pceA, tceA, vcrA, and bvcA, a protocol for messenger RNA (mRNA) extraction followed by reverse transcription and quantitative PCR analysis was established. During dechlorination, an increase in gene copy numbers of pceA, tceA, and vcrA was observed. However, temporary formation of mRNA was only measured in the case of the dehalogenase genes tceA and vcrA. Comparison of DHC dehalogenase patterns indicated that the Yangtze DHC community does not match any of the previously published enrichment cultures that were obtained from contaminated areas in the USA or Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Kranzioch
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser (TZW), Karlsruher Straße 84, 76139, Karlsruhe, Germany
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20
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Trautmann AM, Schell H, Schmidt KR, Mangold KM, Tiehm A. Electrochemical degradation of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in groundwater. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2015; 71:1569-75. [PMID: 26442500 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) represent hazardous pollutants and are frequently detected in the environment, e.g. in contaminated groundwater. PFASs are persistent to biodegradation and conventional oxidation processes such as ozonation. In this study electrochemical degradation of PFASs on boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes is demonstrated. Experiments were performed with model solutions and contaminated groundwater with a dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content of 13 mg/L. The perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) perfluorobutanoate, perfluoropentanoate, perfluorohexanoate, perfluoroheptanoate and perfluorooctanoate, and the perfluorinated sulfonic acids (PFSAs) perfluorobutane sulfonate, perfluorohexane sulfonate, perfluorooctane sulfonate and 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate were detected in the groundwater samples. At PFAS concentrations ranging from 0.26 to 34 mg/L (0.7 to 79 μM), the degradation of PFASs was achieved despite of the high DOC background. Pseudo first-order kinetic constants of PFSA degradation increased with the increase of carbon chain length. Fluoride formation as well as the generation of PFCAs with shortened chain lengths was observed. Inorganic byproducts such as perchlorate were also formed and have to be considered in further process optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Trautmann
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, DVGW-Water Technology Center (TZW), Karlsruher Str. 84, 76139 Karlsruhe, Germany E-mail:
| | - H Schell
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, DVGW-Water Technology Center (TZW), Karlsruher Str. 84, 76139 Karlsruhe, Germany E-mail:
| | - K R Schmidt
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, DVGW-Water Technology Center (TZW), Karlsruher Str. 84, 76139 Karlsruhe, Germany E-mail:
| | - K-M Mangold
- DECHEMA-Forschungsinstitut, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - A Tiehm
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, DVGW-Water Technology Center (TZW), Karlsruher Str. 84, 76139 Karlsruhe, Germany E-mail:
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21
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Stimulating sediment bioremediation with benthic microbial fuel cells. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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22
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Mena Ramírez E, Villaseñor Camacho J, Rodrigo Rodrigo MA, Cañizares Cañizares P. Feasibility of electrokinetic oxygen supply for soil bioremediation purposes. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 117:382-387. [PMID: 25173714 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper studies the possibility of providing oxygen to a soil by an electrokinetic technique, so that the method could be used in future aerobic polluted soil bioremediation treatments. The oxygen was generated from the anodic reaction of water electrolysis and transported to the soil in a laboratory-scale electrokinetic cell. Two variables were tested: the soil texture and the voltage gradient. The technique was tested in two artificial soils (clay and sand) and later in a real silty soil, and three voltage gradients were used: 0.0 (control), 0.5, and 1.0 V cm(-1). It was observed that these two variables strongly influenced the results. Oxygen transport into the soil was only available in the silty and sandy soils by oxygen diffusion, obtaining high dissolved oxygen concentrations, between 4 and 9 mg L(-1), useful for possible aerobic biodegradation processes, while transport was not possible in fine-grained soils such as clay. Electro-osmotic flow did not contribute to the transport of oxygen, and an increase in voltage gradients produced higher oxygen transfer rates. However, only a minimum fraction of the electrolytically generated oxygen was efficiently used, and the maximum oxygen transport rate observed, approximately 1.4 mgO2 L(-1)d(-1), was rather low, so this technique could be only tested in slow in-situ biostimulation processes for organics removal from polluted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mena Ramírez
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute for Chemical and Environmental Technology (ITQUIMA), University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela s/n 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - J Villaseñor Camacho
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute for Chemical and Environmental Technology (ITQUIMA), University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela s/n 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - M A Rodrigo Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela s/n 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - P Cañizares Cañizares
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela s/n 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
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23
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Gill RT, Harbottle MJ, Smith JWN, Thornton SF. Electrokinetic-enhanced bioremediation of organic contaminants: a review of processes and environmental applications. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 107:31-42. [PMID: 24875868 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
There is current interest in finding sustainable remediation technologies for the removal of contaminants from soil and groundwater. This review focuses on the combination of electrokinetics, the use of an electric potential to move organic and inorganic compounds, or charged particles/organisms in the subsurface independent of hydraulic conductivity; and bioremediation, the destruction of organic contaminants or attenuation of inorganic compounds by the activity of microorganisms in situ or ex situ. The objective of the review is to examine the state of knowledge on electrokinetic bioremediation and critically evaluate factors which affect the up-scaling of laboratory and bench-scale research to field-scale application. It discusses the mechanisms of electrokinetic bioremediation in the subsurface environment at different micro and macroscales, the influence of environmental processes on electrokinetic phenomena and the design options available for application to the field scale. The review also presents results from a modelling exercise to illustrate the effectiveness of electrokinetics on the supply electron acceptors to a plume scale scenario where these are limiting. Current research needs include analysis of electrokinetic bioremediation in more representative environmental settings, such as those in physically heterogeneous systems in order to gain a greater understanding of the controlling mechanisms on both electrokinetics and bioremediation in those scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Gill
- Groundwater Protection and Restoration Group, University of Sheffield, Department of Civil & Structural Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, Broad Lane, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK.
| | - M J Harbottle
- Institute of Environment and Sustainability, Cardiff University, School of Engineering, Queen's Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
| | - J W N Smith
- Shell Global Solutions, Lange Kleiweg 40, 2288 GK Rijswijk, The Netherlands; Groundwater Protection and Restoration Group, University of Sheffield, Department of Civil & Structural Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, Broad Lane, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK
| | - S F Thornton
- Groundwater Protection and Restoration Group, University of Sheffield, Department of Civil & Structural Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, Broad Lane, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK
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24
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Kranzioch I, Stoll C, Holbach A, Chen H, Wang L, Zheng B, Norra S, Bi Y, Schramm KW, Tiehm A. Dechlorination and organohalide-respiring bacteria dynamics in sediment samples of the Yangtze Three Gorges Reservoir. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:7046-7056. [PMID: 23423867 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1545-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Several groups of bacteria such as Dehalococcoides spp., Dehalobacter spp., Desulfomonile spp., Desulfuromonas spp., or Desulfitobacterium spp. are able to dehalogenate chlorinated pollutants such as chloroethenes, chlorobenzenes, or polychlorinated biphenyls under anaerobic conditions. In order to assess the dechlorination potential in Yangtze sediment samples, the presence and activity of the reductively dechlorinating bacteria were studied in anaerobic batch tests. Eighteen sediment samples were taken in the Three Gorges Reservoir catchment area of the Yangtze River, including the tributaries Jialing River, Daning River, and Xiangxi River. Polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated the presence of dechlorinating bacteria in most samples, with varying dechlorinating microbial community compositions at different sampling locations. Subsequently, anaerobic reductive dechlorination of tetrachloroethene (PCE) was tested after the addition of electron donors. Most cultures dechlorinated PCE completely to ethene via cis-dichloroethene (cis-DCE) or trans-dichloroethene. Dehalogenating activity corresponded to increasing numbers of Dehalobacter spp., Desulfomonile spp., Desulfitobacterium spp., or Dehalococcoides spp. If no bacteria of the genus Dehalococcoides spp. were present in the sediment, reductive dechlorination stopped at cis-DCE. Our results demonstrate the presence of viable dechlorinating bacteria in Yangtze samples, indicating their relevance for pollutant turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Kranzioch
- Department Environmental Biotechnology, DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser (TZW), Karlsruher Straße 84, 76139, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Patil SS, Adetutu EM, Rochow J, Mitchell JG, Ball AS. Sustainable remediation: electrochemically assisted microbial dechlorination of tetrachloroethene-contaminated groundwater. Microb Biotechnol 2013; 7:54-63. [PMID: 24119162 PMCID: PMC3896933 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial electric systems (MESs) hold significant promise for the sustainable remediation of chlorinated solvents such as tetrachlorethene (perchloroethylene, PCE). Although the bio-electrochemical potential of some specific bacterial species such as Dehalcoccoides and Geobacteraceae have been exploited, this ability in other undefined microorganisms has not been extensively assessed. Hence, the focus of this study was to investigate indigenous and potentially bio-electrochemically active microorganisms in PCE-contaminated groundwater. Lab-scale MESs were fed with acetate and carbon electrode/PCE as electron donors and acceptors, respectively, under biostimulation (BS) and BS-bioaugmentation (BS-BA) regimes. Molecular analysis of the indigenous groundwater community identified mainly Spirochaetes, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and γ and δ-Proteobacteria. Environmental scanning electron photomicrographs of the anode surfaces showed extensive indigenous microbial colonization under both regimes. This colonization and BS resulted in 100% dechlorination in both treatments with complete dechlorination occurring 4 weeks earlier in BS-BA samples and up to 11.5 μA of current being generated. The indigenous non-Dehalococcoides community was found to contribute significantly to electron transfer with ∼61% of the current generated due to their activities. This study therefore shows the potential of the indigenous non-Dehalococcoides bacterial community in bio-electrochemically reducing PCE that could prove to be a cost-effective and sustainable bioremediation practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayali S Patil
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia; Department of Applied Biosciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Bundoora, Vic., 3083, Australia
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Li Z, Inoue Y, Suzuki D, Ye L, Katayama A. Long-term anaerobic mineralization of pentachlorophenol in a continuous-flow system using only lactate as an external nutrient. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:1534-41. [PMID: 23252798 DOI: 10.1021/es303784f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A simple anaerobic upflow column system (15 cm long, 5 cm inner diameter) for complete pentachlorophenol (PCP) mineralization has been established using a microbial consortium requiring only lactate as the external nutrient. With lactate as an electron donor, PCP was dechlorinated to 3-chlorophenol (3-CP) and phenol. The degradation of 3-CP and phenol proceeded without an external electron acceptor, indicating fermentative or syntrophic characteristics. A tracer experiment using (14)C-U-ring-labeled PCP confirmed the conversion of PCP into CO(2) (54.1%), CH(4) (48.1%), and biomass (0.6%). The nitrogen required for degradation was supplied by N(2)-fixation, evidenced from the nitrogen balance and an acetylene reduction assay. A 16S rRNA gene library analysis showed that bottom of the upflow column harbored the potential dechlorinators, Dehalobacter and Desulfitobacterium, and the phenol/3-CP fermentative or syntrophic degraders, Cryptanaerobacter and Syntrophus. The nitrogen-fixing facultative anaerobes, Rhizobiales, were detected in the top of the upflow column, with other possible nitrogen-fixers at both bottom and top of the upflow column. The mineralization rate reached 1.96 μmoles L(-1) d(-1) for 50 μM of the initial PCP concentration: one of the highest efficiencies reported. This compact anaerobic mineralization system requiring no external supply of an electron acceptor would be useful for the remediation of chlorinated aromatic compounds under anaerobic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiling Li
- EcoTopia Science Institute, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
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27
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Yuan S, Chen M, Mao X, Alshawabkeh AN. A three-electrode column for Pd-catalytic oxidation of TCE in groundwater with automatic pH-regulation and resistance to reduced sulfur compound foiling. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:269-78. [PMID: 23121896 PMCID: PMC3581803 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A hybrid electrolysis and Pd-catalytic oxidation process is evaluated for degradation of trichloroethylene (TCE) in groundwater. A three-electrode, one anode and two cathodes, column is employed to automatically develop a low pH condition in the Pd vicinity and a neutral effluent. Simulated groundwater containing up to 5 mM bicarbonate can be acidified to below pH 4 in the Pd vicinity using a total of 60 mA with 20 mA passing through the third electrode. By packing 2 g of Pd/Al(2)O(3) pellets in the developed acidic region, the column efficiency for TCE oxidation in simulated groundwater (5.3 mg/L TCE) increases from 44 to 59 and 68% with increasing Fe(II) concentration from 0 to 5 and 10 mg/L, respectively. Different from Pd-catalytic hydrodechlorination under reducing conditions, this hybrid electrolysis and Pd-catalytic oxidation process is advantageous in controlling the fouling caused by reduced sulfur compounds (RSCs) because the in situ generated reactive oxidizing species, i.e., O(2), H(2)O(2) and OH, can oxidize RSCs to some extent. In particular, sulfite at concentrations less than 1 mM even greatly increases TCE oxidation by the production of SO(4)(•-), a strong oxidizing radical, and more OH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhu Yuan
- State Key Lab of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 400 Snell Engineering, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Corresponding author. (S. Yuan), (A. Alshawabkeh)
| | - Mingjie Chen
- Atmospheric, Earth and Energy Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-184, Livermore, CA 94550, United States
| | - Xuhui Mao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 400 Snell Engineering, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Akram N. Alshawabkeh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 400 Snell Engineering, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Corresponding author. (S. Yuan), (A. Alshawabkeh)
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Impact of electrokinetic-assisted phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil on its physicochemical properties, enzymatic and microbial activities. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.04.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zheng M, Bao J, Liao P, Wang K, Yuan S, Tong M, Long H. Electrogeneration of H(2) for Pd-catalytic hydrodechlorination of 2,4-dichlorophenol in groundwater. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 87:1097-1104. [PMID: 22377173 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A novel electrolytic groundwater remediation process, which used the H(2) continuously generated at cathode to achieve in situ catalytic hydrodechlorination, was developed for the treatment of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) in groundwater. Catalytic hydrodechlorination using Pd supported on bamboo charcoal and external H(2) showed that 2,4-DCP was completely dechlorinated to phenol within 30 min at pH ≤ 5.5. In a divided electrolytic system, the catalytic hydrodechlorination of 2,4-DCP in cathodic compartment by H(2) generated at the cathode under 20 and 50 mA reached 100% at 120 and 60 min, respectively. Two column experiments with influent pHs of 5.5 (unconditioned) and 2 were conducted to evaluate the feasibility of this process. The 2,4-DCP removal efficiencies were about 63% and nearly 100% at influent pHs of 5.5 and 2, respectively. Phenol was solely produced by 2,4-DCP hydrodechlorination, and was subsequently degraded at the anode. A low pH could enhance the hydrodechlorination, but was not necessarily required. This study provides the preliminary results of a novel effective electrolytic process for the remediation of groundwater contaminated by chlorinated aromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zheng
- State Key Lab of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
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30
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Electrocatalytic properties of transition metals toward reductive dechlorination of polychloroethanes. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Yuan S, Mao X, Alshawabkeh AN. Efficient degradation of TCE in groundwater using Pd and electro-generated H2 and O2: a shift in pathway from hydrodechlorination to oxidation in the presence of ferrous ions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:3398-405. [PMID: 22315993 PMCID: PMC3319670 DOI: 10.1021/es204546u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Degradation of trichloroethylene (TCE) in simulated groundwater by Pd and electro-generated H(2) and O(2) is investigated in the absence and presence of Fe(II). In the absence of Fe(II), hydrodechlorination dominates TCE degradation, with accumulation of H(2)O(2) up to 17 mg/L. Under weak acidity, low concentrations of oxidizing •OH radicals are detected due to decomposition of H(2)O(2), slightly contributing to TCE degradation via oxidation. In the presence of Fe(II), the degradation efficiency of TCE at 396 μM improves to 94.9% within 80 min. The product distribution proves that the degradation pathway shifts from 79% hydrodechlorination in the absence of Fe(II) to 84% •OH oxidation in the presence of Fe(II). TCE degradation follows zeroth-order kinetics with rate constants increasing from 2.0 to 4.6 μM/min with increasing initial Fe(II) concentration from 0 to 27.3 mg/L at pH 4. A good correlation between TCE degradation rate constants and •OH generation rate constants confirms that •OH is the predominant reactive species for TCE oxidation. Presence of 10 mM Na(2)SO(4), NaCl, NaNO(3), NaHCO(3), K(2)SO(4), CaSO(4), and MgSO(4) does not significantly influence degradation, but sulfite and sulfide greatly enhance and slightly suppress degradation, respectively. A novel Pd-based electrochemical process is proposed for groundwater remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhu Yuan
- State Key Lab of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 400 Snell Engineering, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Xuhui Mao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 400 Snell Engineering, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Akram N. Alshawabkeh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 400 Snell Engineering, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. . Phone: (617) 373-3994
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Aktaş Ö, Schmidt KR, Mungenast S, Stoll C, Tiehm A. Effect of chloroethene concentrations and granular activated carbon on reductive dechlorination rates and growth of Dehalococcoides spp. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 103:286-292. [PMID: 22044603 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.09.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the investigation of (i) the tetrachloroethene (PCE) toxicity threshold of a reductively dechlorinating mixed culture containing Dehalococcoides spp., (ii) the adsorption of PCE on different types of granular activated carbon (GAC), and (iii) the bioavailability and reductive dechlorination in the presence of GAC. The abundance of Dehalococcoides spp. detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was found to increase by 2-4 orders of magnitude during degradation of PCE. No degradation occurred at dissolved concentrations beyond 420 μM (70 mg/L). Different adsorption isotherms were determined for thermally and chemically activated carbons. The addition of GAC to biological assays reduced the dissolved PCE concentration below the toxicity threshold. The combination of microbial reductive dechlorination with GAC adsorption proved to be a promising method for remediation of groundwater contaminated by high concentrations of chloroethenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgür Aktaş
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Water Technology Center, 76139 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Aulenta F, Tocca L, Verdini R, Reale P, Majone M. Dechlorination of trichloroethene in a continuous-flow bioelectrochemical reactor: effect of cathode potential on rate, selectivity, and electron transfer mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:8444-51. [PMID: 21877695 DOI: 10.1021/es202262y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The exciting discovery that dechlorinating bacteria can use polarized graphite cathodes as direct electron donors in the reductive dechlorination has prompted investigations on the development of novel bioelectrochemical remediation approaches. In this work, we investigated the performance of a bioelectrochemical reactor for the treatment of trichloroethene (TCE). The reactor was continuously operated for about 570 days, at different potentiostatically controlled cathode potentials, ranging from -250 mV to -750 mV vs standard hydrogen electrode. The rate and extent of TCE dechlorination, as well as the competition for the available electrons, were highly dependent on the set cathode potential. When the cathode was controlled at -250 mV, no abiotic hydrogen production occurred and TCE dechlorination (predominantly to cis-DCE and VC), most probably sustained via direct extracellular electron transfer, proceeded at an average rate of 15.5 ± 1.2 μmol e(-)/L d. At this cathode, potential methanogenesis was almost completely suppressed and dechlorination accounted for 94.7 ± 0.1% of the electric current (15.0 ± 0.8 μA) flowing in the system. A higher rate of TCE dechlorination (up to 64 ± 2 μmol e(-)/L d) was achieved at cathode potentials lower than -450 mV, though in the presence of a very active methanogenesis which accounted for over 60% of the electric current. Remarkably, the bioelectrochemical reactor displayed a stable and reproducible performance even without the supply of organic carbon sources with the feed, confirming long-term viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Aulenta
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome , P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Lohner ST, Becker D, Mangold KM, Tiehm A. Sequential reductive and oxidative biodegradation of chloroethenes stimulated in a coupled bioelectro-process. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:6491-6497. [PMID: 21678913 DOI: 10.1021/es200801r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This article for the first time demonstrates successful application of electrochemical processes to stimulate sequential reductive/oxidative microbial degradation of perchloroethene (PCE) in mineral medium and in contaminated groundwater. In a flow-through column system, hydrogen generation at the cathode supported reductive dechlorination of PCE to cis-dichloroethene (cDCE), vinyl chloride (VC), and ethene (ETH). Electrolytically generated oxygen at the anode allowed subsequent oxidative degradation of the lower chlorinated metabolites. Aerobic cometabolic degradation of cDCE proved to be the bottleneck for complete metabolite elimination. Total removal of chloroethenes was demonstrated for a PCE load of approximately 1.5 μmol/d. In mineral medium, long-term operation with stainless steel electrodes was demonstrated for more than 300 days. In contaminated groundwater, corrosion of the stainless steel anode occurred, whereas DSA (dimensionally stable anodes) proved to be stable. Precipitation of calcareous deposits was observed at the cathode, resulting in a higher voltage demand and reduced dechlorination activity. With DSA and groundwater from a contaminated site, complete degradation of chloroethenes in groundwater was obtained for two months thus demonstrating the feasibility of the sequential bioelectro-approach for field application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja T Lohner
- Water Technology Center, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Karlsruhe, Germany
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35
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Tiehm A, Schmidt KR. Sequential anaerobic/aerobic biodegradation of chloroethenes—aspects of field application. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2011; 22:415-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Revised: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kim SH, Han HY, Lee YJ, Kim CW, Yang JW. Effect of electrokinetic remediation on indigenous microbial activity and community within diesel contaminated soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2010; 408:3162-3168. [PMID: 20452646 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2009] [Revised: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Electrokinetic remediation has been successfully used to remove organic contaminants and heavy metals within soil. The electrokinetic process changes basic soil properties, but little is known about the impact of this remediation technology on indigenous soil microbial activities. This study reports on the effects of electrokinetic remediation on indigenous microbial activity and community within diesel contaminated soil. The main removal mechanism of diesel was electroosmosis and most of the bacteria were transported by electroosmosis. After 25 days of electrokinetic remediation (0.63 mA cm(-2)), soil pH developed from pH 3.5 near the anode to pH 10.8 near the cathode. The soil pH change by electrokinetics reduced microbial cell number and microbial diversity. Especially the number of culturable bacteria decreased significantly and only Bacillus and strains in Bacillales were found as culturable bacteria. The use of EDTA as an electrolyte seemed to have detrimental effects on the soil microbial activity, particularly in the soil near the cathode. On the other hand, the soil dehydrogenase activity was enhanced close to the anode and the analysis of microbial community structure showed the increase of several microbial populations after electrokinetics. It is thought that the main causes of changes in microbial activities were soil pH and direct electric current. The results described here suggest that the application of electrokinetics can be a promising soil remediation technology if soil parameters, electric current, and electrolyte are suitably controlled based on the understanding of interaction between electrokinetics, contaminants, and indigenous microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Hye Kim
- Nano Environmental Engineering Lab, Dept. of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 335 Gwahangno, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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Li Z, Yang S, Inoue Y, Yoshida N, Katayama A. Complete anaerobic mineralization of pentachlorophenol (PCP) under continuous flow conditions by sequential combination of PCP-dechlorinating and phenol-degrading consortia. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 107:775-85. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.22841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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38
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Bio-electro-remediation: electrokinetic transport of nitrate in a flow-through system for enhanced toluene biodegradation. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-010-0101-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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