1
|
Mazzella N, Bernard M, Guibal R, Boutry S, Lissalde S, Guibaud G. Proposal of a new empirical model with flow velocity to improve time-weighted average concentration estimates from the Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Samplers. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:141062. [PMID: 38159734 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.141062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
It is now widely recognized that the sampling rate of Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Samplers (POCIS) is significantly affected by flow velocity, which can cause a consequent bias when determining time-weighted average concentrations (TWAC). We already observed the desorption of deisopropylatrazine (DIA) over time when added to the receiving phase of a POCIS. This desorption rate was particularly influenced by flow velocity, in an agitated water environment in situ. In the method presented here, we calibrated 30 pesticides under controlled laboratory conditions, varying the flow velocity over four levels. We simultaneously studied the desorption rate of DIA-d5 (a deuterated form of DIA) over time. An empirical model based on a power law involving flow velocity was used to process the information from the accumulation kinetics of the compounds of interest and elimination of DIA-d5. This type of model makes it possible to consider the effect of this crucial factor on exchange kinetics, and then to obtain more accurate TWACs with reduced bias and more acceptable dispersion of results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marion Bernard
- INRAE, UR EABX, 50 Avenue de Verdun, 33612 Cestas, France
| | - Robin Guibal
- Université de Limoges, E2Lim, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, Limoges, Cedex 87060, France
| | | | - Sophie Lissalde
- Université de Limoges, E2Lim, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, Limoges, Cedex 87060, France
| | - Gilles Guibaud
- Université de Limoges, E2Lim, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, Limoges, Cedex 87060, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Assoumani A, Margoum C, Guillemain C, Renard B, Coquery M. Prediction of the accumulation behavior of pesticides in PDMS-coated stir bars used as passive samplers in freshwaters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 910:168630. [PMID: 37977384 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Passive samplers accumulate organic contaminants at rates that depend on in-field exposure conditions such as freshwater flow velocity, water temperature and water quality. Time-weighted average concentrations can be determined by using a correction process such as the performance reference compound (PRC) method. This study presented a new approach to predict the accumulation behavior of pesticides in polydimethylsiloxane-coated stir bars under different exposure conditions and assign a specific PRC to each pesticide for quantitative purposes. We used an experimental design with eight simultaneous accumulation kinetics of 13 pesticides and elimination kinetics of three PRC candidates run in a flow-through system to determine the effects of flow velocity, water temperature and dissolved organic matter on the kinetic constants. We identified the parameters that had a significant effect on the accumulation of each pesticide and assigned a PRC candidate to each pesticide. We then used a discriminant function analysis to find the parameters that had a significant effect on accumulation of the 13 pesticides via their physical-chemical properties and to predict through a stochastic approach the parameters for seven other pesticides. This approach provides a better framework for identifying a PRC than conventional methods to determine unbiased concentrations in future monitoring efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Assoumani
- INRAE, RiverLy, F-69625 Villeurbanne, France; INERIS, Unité Méthodes et développements en Analyses pour l'Environnement, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - C Margoum
- INRAE, RiverLy, F-69625 Villeurbanne, France.
| | | | - B Renard
- INRAE, RiverLy, F-69625 Villeurbanne, France; INRAE, Aix Marseille Univ., UR RECOVER, Aix-En-Provence, France
| | - M Coquery
- INRAE, RiverLy, F-69625 Villeurbanne, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tarábek P, Vrana B, Chalupková K, Bednáriková A, Okšová L, Bystrický P, Leonova N, Konovalova O. Examining the applicability of polar organic chemical integrative sampler for long-term monitoring of groundwater contamination caused by currently used pesticides. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:165905. [PMID: 37532041 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The possibilities of expanding a groundwater quality monitoring scheme by passive sampling using polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) comprising HLB sorbent as the receiving phase were explored. Passive sampling and grab sampling were carried out simultaneously in the regions with vulnerable groundwater resources in Slovakia, between 2013 and 2021. For 27 pesticides and degradation products detected both in POCIS and the grab samples, in situ sampling rates were calculated and statistically evaluated. The limited effectiveness of the receiving phase in POCIS for sampling polar or ionized compounds was confirmed through a comparison of the medians of compound-specific sampling rates. For the majority of the monitored compounds the median sampling rates varied between 0.01 and 0.035 L/day. In some cases, the actual in situ values could be confirmed by parallel exposure of POCIS and silicone rubber sheet employed to obtain a benchmark for maximum attainable sampling rate. Sampling site and sampling period appear to have also some influence on the sampling rates, which was attributed in part to the groundwater velocity varying in both space and time. The influence of physico-chemical parameters (temperature, pH, electrolytic conductivity) remains mostly questionable due to the naturally limited ranges of recorded values over the entire duration of the study. Concentrations of pollutants in POCIS could be used for predicting time weighed average concentrations in water, provided the sampling rates were known and relatively constant. Generally, the compound-specific sampling rate cannot be considered constant due to a combination of naturally varying environmental factors that influence the actual in situ sampling rate. The relative standard deviation of concentration data from POCIS exposed in triplicates varied between approx. 5 %-50 %. Utilizing exploratory data analysis approach and tools enabled us to obtain a relatively complex picture of the situation and progress regarding pesticide pollution of groundwater in the monitored areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Tarábek
- Water Research Institute, Nábr. arm. gen. L. Svobodu 5, 81249 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Branislav Vrana
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Chalupková
- Water Research Institute, Nábr. arm. gen. L. Svobodu 5, 81249 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alena Bednáriková
- Water Research Institute, Nábr. arm. gen. L. Svobodu 5, 81249 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Linda Okšová
- Water Research Institute, Nábr. arm. gen. L. Svobodu 5, 81249 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Bystrický
- Water Research Institute, Nábr. arm. gen. L. Svobodu 5, 81249 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Nataliia Leonova
- Water Research Institute, Nábr. arm. gen. L. Svobodu 5, 81249 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Olga Konovalova
- Water Research Institute, Nábr. arm. gen. L. Svobodu 5, 81249 Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Martins de Barros R, Rougerie J, Guibal R, Lissalde S, Buzier R, Simon S, Guibaud G. Interest of a new large diffusive gradients in thin films (L-DGT) for organic compounds monitoring: On-field comparison with conventional passive samplers. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 323:121257. [PMID: 36828359 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the performances of a Large Diffusive Gradients in Thin films (L-DGT, i.e., a DGT based on a Chemcatcher® holder with a 5-fold larger sampling area) were compared on-field with the conventional DGT and the Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS) for the monitoring of a wide range of organic contaminants (i.e., 65 pesticides and metabolites, 53 pharmaceuticals and 12 hormones). These three passive samplers were simultaneously deployed in four rivers during 14 days. Their performances were then evaluated according to their detection and quantification capacities and their physical robustness. The results obtained confirm the advantages of the L-DGT over the conventional DGT regarding its sensitivity but also its robustness during field deployment. The POCIS provides the higher sensitivity, allowing the detection of more organic compounds compared to the DGT and, to a lesser extent, the L-DGT. However, both L-DGT and DGT reduces the uncertainty on the determination of the time-weighted average concentrations (CW), mainly due to the narrow range of variation of their calibration parameters. Indeed, for a given compound, CW can vary up to only a 3-fold factor with DGT and L-DGT compared to a 2 to 10-fold factor (up to 50) with POCIS. Thus, the L-DGT appears to be more suitable than DGT in low-contaminated contexts, which require higher sensitivity, or than POCIS when a CW determination is needed. For a qualitative evaluation however, the POCIS remains the most suitable passive sampler.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliette Rougerie
- University of Limoges, E2Lim, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Robin Guibal
- University of Limoges, E2Lim, 16 rue Atlantis, 87068 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Sophie Lissalde
- University of Limoges, E2Lim, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France.
| | - Rémy Buzier
- University of Limoges, E2Lim, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Simon
- University of Limoges, E2Lim, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Gilles Guibaud
- University of Limoges, E2Lim, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Aherne J, Yargeau V, Metcalfe CD. Compounds of wastewater origin in remote upland lakes in Ireland. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:137076. [PMID: 36332738 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that persistent organic pollutants are transported long distances in the atmosphere and deposited into aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems in remote areas, including high altitude lakes. The objective of this research was to evaluate whether compounds of wastewater origin were present in four remote upland headwater lakes in Ireland that primarily receive loadings from atmospheric deposition. Using Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Samplers (POCIS) deployed in the lakes for 60 to 68 days, seven compounds were detected at levels that could be quantified but 25 of the target compounds were not detected. The detected compounds included the cannabinoid metabolite, tetrahydrocannabinol carboxylate (THC-COOH), codeine, acetaminophen (paracetamol), ibuprofen, and the artificial sweeteners, sucralose, and saccharin, which were all present at concentrations estimated to be < 125 ng/L. Caffeine was also present in the lakes at estimated concentrations between 213 and 1320 ng/L. Cocaine and tramadol were detected in POCIS deployed in some of the lakes, but at levels below the limits of quantitation. The highest concentrations of the target analytes were detected in two lakes located in the eastern part of Ireland. These data are consistent with regional atmospheric transport of these compounds originating from wastewater treatment plants in Ireland. However, contaminants from wastewater treatment plants in the United Kingdom may also be a source in these upland lakes that are located far from emissions of urban pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Aherne
- School of the Environment, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada.
| | - Viviane Yargeau
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Chris D Metcalfe
- School of the Environment, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dromard CR, Allenou JP, Tapie N, Budzinski H, Cimmaterra N, De Rock P, Arkam S, Cordonnier S, Gonzalez JL, Bouchon-Navaro Y, Bouchon C, Thouard E. Temporal variations in the level of chlordecone in seawater and marine organisms in Martinique Island (Lesser Antilles). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:81546-81556. [PMID: 35731438 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21528-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study, conducted in the Galion Bay in Martinique, aims to highlight the temporal and seasonal variations of chlordecone contamination (an organochlorine pollutant) in the ambient environment (seawater) and also in the marine organisms in three main coastal marine habitats (mangroves, seagrass beds and coral reefs). To this end, two methodologies were used to measure and compare the chemical contamination of seawater during 13 months (spot samplings and POCIS technique). In parallel, concentrations of chlordecone and isotopic ratios (C and N) were carried out on marine organisms, collected during two contrasting climatic periods (dry and rainy), to evidence seasonal variations. The results showed that the contamination of seawater displayed significant variations over time and depended on environmental factors such as water flows, which imply dilution and dispersion phenomena. Concerning the marine organisms, the level of contamination varied considerably between the two seasons in seagrass beds with higher levels of contamination during the rainy season. Reef organisms were more moderately affected by this pollution, while mangrove organisms showed a high level of chlordecone whatever the season. Finally, isotope analyses highlighted that bioamplification along marine food webs occurs at each season and each station.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte R Dromard
- Unité Biologie Des Organismes et Écosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université Des Antilles, MNHN, Sorbonne Université, Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, IRD, BP 592, 97157, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France.
- Laboratoire d'excellence "CORAIL", Université Des Antilles, Guadeloupe, France.
| | - Jean-Pierre Allenou
- IFREMER, Unité Biodiversité Et Environnement de La Martinique, 79 route de Pointe Fort, 97231, Le Robert, France
| | - Nathalie Tapie
- UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC - OASU, Équipe LPTC, Université de Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la libération, 33405, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC - OASU, Équipe LPTC, Université de Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la libération, 33405, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Cimmaterra
- IFREMER, Unité Biodiversité Et Environnement de La Martinique, 79 route de Pointe Fort, 97231, Le Robert, France
| | - Pauline De Rock
- IFREMER, Unité Biodiversité Et Environnement de La Martinique, 79 route de Pointe Fort, 97231, Le Robert, France
| | - Salim Arkam
- Unité Biologie Des Organismes et Écosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université Des Antilles, MNHN, Sorbonne Université, Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, IRD, BP 592, 97157, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Sébastien Cordonnier
- Unité Biologie Des Organismes et Écosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université Des Antilles, MNHN, Sorbonne Université, Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, IRD, BP 592, 97157, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Jean-Louis Gonzalez
- IFREMER, Département Océanographie et Dynamique Des Ecosystèmes, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources de Provence-Azur-Corse, Z.P. de Brégaillon CS20330, 83507, La Seyne/mer cedex, France
| | - Yolande Bouchon-Navaro
- Unité Biologie Des Organismes et Écosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université Des Antilles, MNHN, Sorbonne Université, Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, IRD, BP 592, 97157, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
- Laboratoire d'excellence "CORAIL", Université Des Antilles, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Claude Bouchon
- Unité Biologie Des Organismes et Écosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université Des Antilles, MNHN, Sorbonne Université, Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, IRD, BP 592, 97157, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
- Laboratoire d'excellence "CORAIL", Université Des Antilles, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Emmanuel Thouard
- IFREMER, Unité Biodiversité Et Environnement de La Martinique, 79 route de Pointe Fort, 97231, Le Robert, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gao X, Li J, Xu Y, Zhou Q, Ma M, Wang Z. Passive sampling hydrophilic and hydrophobic bisphenol analogues using hydrophilic-lipophilic balance sorbent-embedded cellulose acetate membrane in surface waters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 839:156239. [PMID: 35643131 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol analogues (BPs) are ubiquitous emerging contaminants in water environments and have wide polarity ranges (1.65 < log Kow < 7.2). Integrated passive sampling strategy rarely contains hydrophilic and hydrophobic organics simultaneously, while the method has good application perspective in monitoring organic contaminants. This work evaluated passive sampling performance for fifteen BPs in a newly developed passive sampler, i.e., hydrophilic-lipophilic balance sorbent-embedded cellulose acetate membrane (HECAM). In the dynamic accumulation experiments, both hydrophilic and hydrophobic BPs (including moderately hydrophilic BPs) well followed first-order kinetic uptake in the HECAMs. The estimated uptake rate constants, elimination rate constants, and equilibrium partition coefficients for BPs ranged from 4.4 L g-1 d-1 to 14.7 L g-1 d-1, 0.22 d-1 to 0.72 d-1, and 3.99 to 4.64, respectively. The kinetic parameters for BPs in HECAM show limited correlations to log Kow values, which the rule differs from traditional passive sampler. In the study of elimination kinetics, three deuterium labeled compounds showed incomplete elimination in HECAM and did not follow first-order isotropic exchange kinetics. Dual sorption mechanisms including both adsorption and partition were found for chemicals in HECAM, which the partitioned part could release to water and the adsorbed part could not easily release to water from HECAM. As a result, performance reference compounds (PRCs) calibration may be inapplicable to HLB sorbent-based passive sampler. The field deployment of HECAM in coastal waters of Guangdong, China resulted in the detection of eleven BPs, which indicated that the waters have been polluted by various BPs. Finally, monitoring strategy of simultaneous passive sampling hydrophobic and hydrophilic organic contaminants in surface waters was recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecological Remediation, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Juying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
| | - Yiping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qingxiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China.
| | - Mei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zijian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sultana T, Metcalfe CD. Calibration and field validation of POCIS passive samplers for tracking artificial sweeteners as indicators of municipal wastewater contamination in surface waters. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:564. [PMID: 35788916 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10150-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) are widely used to track contaminants in surface waters. However, POCIS have not been used previously to monitor for artificial sweeteners as an indicator of wastewater pollution. In this study, we report for the first time the POCIS sampling rates (Rscal) for four artificial sweetener compounds, acesulfame (0.001 L/day), sucralose (0.114 L/day), cyclamate (0.001 L/day), and saccharin (0.002 L/day). We also prepared a modified POCIS with Strata X-AW anion exchange resin as a sorbent (i.e., ax-POCIS) and determined the sampling rates for sucralose (0.060 L/day) and acesulfame (0.128 L/day). Rscal values were adjusted according to the rate of loss of the performance reference compound, metoprolol-d6 from deployed POCIS to yield field sampling rates (i.e., Rsfield). Field validation of the monitoring method was conducted in Presqu'ile Bay on the north-central coast of Lake Ontario that is impacted by discharges from a sewage lagoon. POCIS were deployed at four sites within the bay and in the lagoon discharge. The four artificial sweeteners, as well as caffeine, ibuprofen, and other microcontaminants of sewage origin, were present throughout the bay at estimated concentrations in the ng/L range, and in the lagoon discharge at estimated concentrations higher by approximately one order of magnitude. Because acesulfame is present in ionic form over the pH range of natural waters, there are uncertainties related to the sampling rates using the standard POCIS. Sucralose is recommended as the best choice for source tracking using POCIS. There was good agreement between the concentrations of sucralose estimated from POCIS and the measured concentrations in grab samples of surface water in the bay. The present study provides key data for monitoring artificial sweeteners using POCIS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamanna Sultana
- Water Quality Centre, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9J 7B8, Canada.
| | - Chris D Metcalfe
- Water Quality Centre, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9J 7B8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Renaud JB, Sabourin L, Hoogstra S, Helm P, Lapen DR, Sumarah MW. Monitoring of Environmental Contaminants in Mixed-Use Watersheds Combining Targeted and Nontargeted Analysis with Passive Sampling. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:1131-1143. [PMID: 34407230 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the environmental fate, transport, and occurrence of pesticides and pharmaceuticals in aquatic environments is of utmost concern to regulators. Traditionally, monitoring of environmental contaminants in surface water has consisted of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analyses for a set of targeted compounds in discrete samples. These targeted approaches are limited by the fact that they only provide information on compounds within a target list present at the time and location of sampling. To address these limitations, there has been considerable interest in suspect screening and nontargeted analysis (NTA), which allow for the detection of all ionizable compounds in the sample with the added benefit of data archiving for retrospective mining. Even though NTA can detect a large number of contaminants, discrete samples only provide a snapshot perspective of the chemical disposition of an aquatic environment at the time of sampling, potentially missing episodic events. We evaluated two types of passive chemical samplers for nontargeted analysis in mixed-use watersheds. Nontargeted data were processed using MS-DIAL to screen against our in-house library and public databases of more than 1300 compounds. The data showed that polar organic chemicals integrative samplers (POCIS) were able to capture the largest number of analytes with better reproducibility than organic compound-diffusive gradients in thin film (o-DGT), resulting from the greater amount of binding sorbent. We also showed that NTA combined with passive sampling gives a more representative picture of the contaminants present at a given site and enhances the ability to identify the nature of point and nonpoint pollution sources and ecotoxicological impacts. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1131-1143. © 2021 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry © 2021 SETAC. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin B Renaud
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lyne Sabourin
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shawn Hoogstra
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Helm
- Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David R Lapen
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark W Sumarah
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bernard M, Boutry S, Tapie N, Budzinski H, Mazzella N. Lab-scale investigation of the ability of Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler to catch short pesticide contamination peaks. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:40-50. [PMID: 30350144 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3391-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this lab-scale study, the POCIS capacity to integrate short contamination peaks of variable intensity and duration was evaluated. POCIS were immersed for 14 days in tanks filled with tap water and spiked at different concentrations with 12 pesticides of various polarities (log Kow = 1.1-4.7) and classes (herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides). Concentrations were kept relatively constant at 1 μg L-1 and 5 μg L-1, respectively, in two "background" exposure tanks. Three contamination peaks of increasing intensity and decreasing duration were simulated (10 μg L-1 for 24 h, 40 μg L-1 for 6 h, and 60 μg L-1 for 1 h). This lab-scale study demonstrated that ten moderately polar compounds (2 < log Kow < 4) showed a linear uptake, as observed in previous studies, while a non-linear model fits the data of the two most polar pesticides (log Kow < 2). Depending on chemical polarity, some compounds exhibited a "burst effect" or "lag effect" during the first 3 days of exposure. After 14 days of exposure, contamination peaks appeared integrated for seven compounds, showing the ability of POCIS to catch very short pollution events and to provide acceptable time-weighted average concentration estimates under laboratory-controlled conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Bernard
- Irstea, UR EABX, 50 Avenue de Verdun, 33612, Cestas, France.
| | | | - Nathalie Tapie
- Bordeaux University, EPOC-LPTC, UMR 5805 CNRS, 33405, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Héléne Budzinski
- Bordeaux University, EPOC-LPTC, UMR 5805 CNRS, 33405, Talence Cedex, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gao X, Lin Y, Li J, Xu Y, Qian Z, Lin W. Accumulation and passive sampling of bisphenol analogues using triolein-embedded cellulose acetate membrane in waters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 798:148985. [PMID: 34329931 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol analogues (BPs) are emerging contaminants that have been widely detected in water environments. The presence of substituted hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups in the molecule may lead to unclear performance in passive sampling. This study tested the accumulation capacity and passive sampling of fifteen BPs in a triolein-embedded cellulose acetate membrane (TECAM) passive sampler. In a dynamic accumulation experiment, twelve hydrophobic BPs accumulated in the TECAM with concentrations ranging from 251 ng g-1 to 6283 ng g-1, and three hydrophilic BPs did not accumulate during the 72 h exposure duration. BPs accumulations were determined by the hydrophilic and hydrophobic substituent groups in molecule structures. The estimated passive sampling parameters showed correlations to both the log Kow values and chemical structures, and compared to other contaminants, such as organophosphorus flame retardants. Environmental factors, including flow rate, temperature, salinity, and pH, that affect the accumulation of BPs in the TECAM were tested, and the flow rate was found to be an important factor affecting the uptake rate. The isotropic exchange kinetics for BPs in the TECAM were verified, and the results indicated that BPs can be calibrated with performance reference compounds (PRCs) in field applications. Finally, a field deployment of TECAM in river waters successfully estimated the time-weighted concentrations of two hydrophobic BPs. To address the inherent weaknesses of TECAM in sampling hydrophilic and moderately hydrophobic BPs, future studies should explore alternative passive samplers, such as hydrophilic-lipophilic balance sorbent-embedded cellulose acetate membranes, to sample BPs in surface waters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhong Gao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecological Remediation, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Chemistry College, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou 521041, China
| | - Yuyang Lin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecological Remediation, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Juying Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecological Remediation, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Yiping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhengfang Qian
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Wenjie Lin
- Chemistry College, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou 521041, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Amato ED, Pfeiffer F, Estoppey N, Subotic D, Herweyers L, Breugelmans T, Weyn M, Du Bois E, Dardenne F, Covaci A, Town RM, Blust R. Field application of a novel active-passive sampling technique for the simultaneous measurement of a wide range of contaminants in water. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 279:130598. [PMID: 33901895 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A first test of the field capabilities of a novel in situ sampling technique combining active and passive sampling (APS) was conducted in the sea. The proof-of-concept device uses a pump to draw water into a diffusion cell where dissolved target substances are accumulated onto sorbents which are selective for different classes of contaminants (i.e., metal cations, polar and non-polar organic compounds), simultaneously. A controlled laminar flow established in the diffusion cell enables measurements of contaminant concentrations that are fully independent from the hydrodynamic conditions in the bulk solution. APS measurements were consistent with those obtained using conventional passive sampling techniques such as organic diffusive gradients in thin films (o-DGT) and silicone rubber (SR) samplers (generally < 40% difference), taking into account the prevailing hydrodynamic conditions. The use of performance reference compounds (PRC) for hydrophobic contaminants provided additional information. Field measurements of metal ions in seawater showed large variability due to issues related to the device configuration. An improved field set-up deployed in supplementary freshwater mesocosm experiments provided metal speciation data that was consistent with passive sampling measurements (DGT), taking into account the hydrodynamic conditions. Overall, the results indicate that the APS technique provides a promising approach for the determination of a wide range of contaminants simultaneously, and independently from the hydrodynamic conditions in the bulk solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elvio D Amato
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Fabienne Pfeiffer
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Lausanne, Batochime, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Estoppey
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Lausanne, Batochime, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dragan Subotic
- Internet and Data Lab (IDLab), University of Antwerp - Imec, Belgium
| | - Laure Herweyers
- Department of Product Development, Faculty of Design Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2000, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Tom Breugelmans
- Research Group Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Maarten Weyn
- Internet and Data Lab (IDLab), University of Antwerp - Imec, Belgium
| | - Els Du Bois
- Department of Product Development, Faculty of Design Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2000, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Freddy Dardenne
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Raewyn M Town
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ronny Blust
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vanryckeghem F, Huysman S, Smedes F, Van Langenhove H, Vanhaecke L, Demeestere K. A Simple Teabag Equilibrium Passive Sampler using hydrophilic divinylbenzene sorbent for contaminants of emerging concern in the marine environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 777:146055. [PMID: 33684757 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A promising concept for sampling contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) using a home-made Simple Teabag Equilibrium Passive Sampler (STEPS) containing hydrophilic divinylbenzene (h-DVB) sorbent is presented and evaluated for application in estuarine systems. The uptake of a multi-class mixture of CECs with a broad polarity range (Log P ranging from -0.1 to 9.9) was investigated in static exposure batch experiments. Sampling rates (Rs) and equilibrium partitioning coefficients (Ksw) were determined for up to 74 CECs. Fast uptake (Rs = 0.3-12 L d-1) was noticed and the STEPS attained equilibrium partitioning after 1 to 2 weeks of exposure, with Log Ksw ranging from 4.1 to 6.5 L kg-1. Field application of this novel h-DVB containing STEPS, followed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry, revealed the presence of up to 40 steroidal hormones, (alkyl)phenols, phthalates, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and pesticides in the Belgian Part of the North Sea. The measured trace concentrations (from 0.003 ng L-1 to 1.9 μg L-1) and good precision (average RSD < 30%, n = 3) demonstrate the STEPS as fit-for-purpose for micropollutant analysis in the marine environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francis Vanryckeghem
- Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Research Group Environmental Organic Chemistry and Technology (EnVOC), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steve Huysman
- Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Laboratory of Chemical Analysis (LCA), Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Foppe Smedes
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Sciences, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Herman Van Langenhove
- Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Research Group Environmental Organic Chemistry and Technology (EnVOC), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lynn Vanhaecke
- Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Laboratory of Chemical Analysis (LCA), Merelbeke, Belgium; Queen's University, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Kristof Demeestere
- Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Research Group Environmental Organic Chemistry and Technology (EnVOC), Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ceolin BC, Kemmerich M, Noguera MM, Camargo ER, Avila LAD. Evaluation of an alternative sorbent for passive sampling of the herbicides 2,4-D and Dicamba in the air. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2021; 56:634-643. [PMID: 34082656 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2021.1929019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the Strata-X® sorbent, commonly used in cartridges, through analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Due to the different physical-chemical characteristics of the compounds, different conditions of chromatography and mass analysis were necessary. The developed methods were validated in terms of selectivity, linear range, linearity (coefficient of determination, r2), the limit of detection (LOD), the limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy (recovery, %), and precision (RSD, %). The results allowed us to select efficient extraction methods, using methanol acidified to pH 2 with formic acid, to elute the herbicides 2,4-D and dicamba in both sorbent materials. Besides, the Strata-X® sorbent was efficient in the sorption of analytes; thus, we indicate it for potential use in air sampling as an alternative to XAD-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Magali Kemmerich
- Weed Science Research Group (CEHERB), Federal University of Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
| | - Matheus Machado Noguera
- Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Department, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Caban M, Lis H, Stepnowski P. Limitations of Integrative Passive Samplers as a Tool for the Quantification of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment - A Critical Review with the Latest Innovations. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 52:1386-1407. [PMID: 33673780 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1881755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This review starts with a presentation of the theory of kinetic uptake by passive sampling (PS), which is traditionally used to distinguish between integrative and equilibrium samplers. Demonstrated limitations of this model for the passive sampling of pharmaceuticals from water were presented. Most notably, the contribution of the protective membrane in the resistance to mass transfer of lipophilic analytes and the well documented effect of external parameters on sampling rates contributed to the greatest uncertainty in PS application. The diffusion gradient in thin layer (DGT) technique seems to reduce the effect of external parameters (e.g., flow rate) to some degree. The laboratory-determined integrative uptake periods over defined sampler deployments was compared, and the discrepancy found suggests that the most popular Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS) could in some cases utilized as an equilibrium sampler. This assertion is supported by own calculations for three pharmaceuticals with extremely different lipophilic characters. Finally, the reasons performance reference compounds (PRCs) are not recommended for the reduction in uncertainty of the TWAC found by adsorptive samplers were presented. It was concluded that techniques of passive sampling of pharmaceuticals need a new uptake model to fit the current situation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magda Caban
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Hanna Lis
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nguyen MT, De Baat ML, Van Der Oost R, Van Den Berg W, De Voogt P. Comparative field study on bioassay responses and micropollutant uptake of POCIS, Speedisk and SorbiCell polar passive samplers. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 82:103549. [PMID: 33246138 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Routine water quality monitoring is generally performed with chemical analyses of grab samples, which has major limitations. First, snapshot samples will not give a good representation of the water quality. Second, it is not sufficient to analyze only a limited number of (priority) pollutants. These limitations can be circumvented by an alternative environmental risk assessment that combines time-integrated passive sampling (PS) with effect-based methods. This study aimed to select which of three polar PS devices was best suited for effect-based monitoring strategies. In the first part of this study, Speedisk, SorbiCell and POCIS polar PS devices were compared by simultaneous deployment at five sites. Chemical analyses of 108 moderately polar compounds (-1.82 < log D < 6.28) revealed that highest number of compounds, with the widest range of log KOW, log D and pKa, were detected in extracts of POCIS, followed by Speedisk. SorbiCell samplers accumulated the lowest numbers and concentrations of compounds, so they were not further investigated. In a follow-up study, bioassay responses were compared in extracts of POCIS and Speedisk devices deployed at eight sites. The passive sampler extracts were subjected to bioassays for non-specific toxicity, endocrine disruption, and antibiotics activities. More frequent and higher responses were induced by POCIS extracts, leading to more exceedances of effect-based trigger values for environmental risks. As POCIS outperformed Speedisk, it is better suited as PS device targeting polar compounds for semi-quantitative effect-based water quality monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Thao Nguyen
- Waterproef Laboratory, Department of Research & Validation, Edam, the Netherlands.
| | - Milo L De Baat
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ron Van Der Oost
- Waternet Institute for the Urban Water Cycle, Department of Technology, Research and Engineering, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Willie Van Den Berg
- Waterproef Laboratory, Department of Research & Validation, Edam, the Netherlands
| | - Pim De Voogt
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; KWR Water Research Institute, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Vrana B, Urík J, Fedorova G, Švecová H, Grabicová K, Golovko O, Randák T, Grabic R. In situ calibration of polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) for monitoring of pharmaceuticals in surface waters. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 269:116121. [PMID: 33272798 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
POCIS is the most widely applied passive sampler of polar organic substances, because it was one of the first commercially available samplers for that purpose on the market, but also for its applicability for a wide range of substances and conditions. Its main weakness is the variability of sampling performance with exposure conditions. In our study we took a pragmatic approach and performed in situ calibration for a set of 76 pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in five sampling campaigns in surface water, covering various temperature and flow conditions. In individual campaigns, RS were calculated for up to 47 compounds ranging from 0.01 to 0.63 L d-1, with the overall median value of 0.10 L d-1. No clear changes of RS with water temperature or discharge could be found for any of the investigated substances. The absence of correlation of experimental RS with physical-chemical properties in combination with the lack of mechanistic understanding of compound uptake to POCIS implies that practical estimation of aqueous concentrations from uptake in POCIS depends on compound-specific experimental calibration data. Performance of POCIS was compared with grab sampling of water in seven field campaigns comprising multiple sampling sites, where sampling by both methods was done in parallel. The comparison showed that for 25 of 36 tested compounds more than 50% of POCIS-derived aqueous concentrations did not differ from median of grab sampling values more than by a factor of 2. Further, for 30 of 36 compounds, more than 80% of POCIS data did not differ from grab sampling data more than by a factor of 5. When accepting this level of accuracy, in situ derived sampling rates are sufficiently robust for application of POCIS for identification of spatial and temporal contamination trends in surface waters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Branislav Vrana
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Centre RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jakub Urík
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Centre RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ganna Fedorova
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Švecová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Grabicová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Oksana Golovko
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Randák
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Grabic
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Durak J, Rokoszak T, Skiba A, Furman P, Styszko K. Environmental risk assessment of priority biocidal substances on Polish surface water sample. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:1254-1266. [PMID: 33222066 PMCID: PMC7782384 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11581-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The EU directive 2013/39/EU has incorporated four biocidal compounds as priority substances: diuron, isoproturon, cybutryne, and terbutryn. The research was undertaken to determine the concentration of biocides in surface waters in three locations in southern Poland: the Wisła River in Kraków, the Wisłoka River in Mielec, and the drainage ditch draining water from arable fields located near Mielec. Environmental samples were taken in two series: winter (February) and spring (May and June). The analyses were carried out using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. The seasonality of biocides in surface waters was observed. In winter samples, the concentrations were below MQL, while in spring, they ranged from a few to several dozen nanograms per liter. The highest concentrations of all analyzed compounds were recorded in water taken from the Wisła River. According to directive 2013/39/EU, the maximum allowable concentration was exceeded only in the case of cybutryne in water from the Wisła, both in May and in June. The assessment of the toxicity with the tested compounds was defined based on the Environmental Risk Assessment method. Low risk was estimated for diuron and isoproturon, while moderate risk for terbutryn and cybutryne.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Durak
- Faculty of Energy and Fuels, Department of Coal Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Rokoszak
- Faculty of Energy and Fuels, Department of Coal Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Alicja Skiba
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Department of Applied Nuclear Physics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Przemysław Furman
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Department of Applied Nuclear Physics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Styszko
- Faculty of Energy and Fuels, Department of Coal Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Guibal R, Lissalde S, Guibaud G. Experimental Estimation of 44 Pharmaceutical Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler Sampling Rates in an Artificial River under Various Flow Conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:1186-1195. [PMID: 32222997 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The present study pertains to a polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) laboratory calibration to estimate the sampling rates for 44 pharmaceuticals featuring a wide range of polarity (-0.6 < octanol/water partition coefficient [log KOW ] < 5.4). The calibration was performed at 16.0 ± 1.5 °C for 4 water flow velocities (0, 2-3, 6-7, and 20 cm/s) in both a tank (for calibration at 0 cm/s) and a laboratory-scale artificial river filled with 200 and 500 L of tap water spiked with 0.3 µg/L of each compound, respectively. Twelve new sampling rates and 26 sampling rates already available in the literature were determined, whereas the sampling rates for 6 pharmaceuticals could not be determined due to nonlinearity or poor accumulation in POCIS. An increase in the sampling rate value with flow velocity was observed, which is consistent with a decrease in the effective thickness of the water boundary layer at the POCIS membrane surface. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1186-1195. © 2020 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Guibal
- Laboratoire Peirene EA7500, University of Limoges, Unité de Recherche Associée Institut National de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies, Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Limoges-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Céramique Industrielle, Limoges, France
| | - S Lissalde
- Laboratoire Peirene EA7500, University of Limoges, Unité de Recherche Associée Institut National de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies, Limoges, France
| | - G Guibaud
- Laboratoire Peirene EA7500, University of Limoges, Unité de Recherche Associée Institut National de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies, Limoges, France
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Berho C, Robert S, Coureau C, Coisy E, Berrehouc A, Amalric L, Bruchet A. Estimating 42 pesticide sampling rates by POCIS and POCIS-MIP samplers for groundwater monitoring: a pilot-scale calibration. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:18565-18576. [PMID: 32198689 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08385-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides occur in groundwater as a result of agricultural activity. Their monitoring under the Water Framework Directive is based on only a few spot-sampling measurements per year despite their temporal variability. Passive sampling, which was successfully tested in surface water to provide a more representative assessment of contamination, could be applied to groundwater for a better definition of its contamination. However, few reliable calibration data under low water flow are available. The objective of our study thus consisted in determining sampling rates by two types of passive samplers, a POCIS (polar organic chemical integrative sampler) for polar pesticides, and a POCIS-MIP sampler based on a receiving phase of molecular imprinted polymers, specific for AMPA and glyphosate under low flow conditions as exist in groundwater. To our knowledge, this is the first time that sampling rates (sampling rate represents the volume of water from which the analyte is quantitatively extracted by the sampler per unit time) are estimated for groundwater applications. Our calibrations took place in an experimental pilot filled with groundwater and with low water flow (a few metres per day). Pesticide uptake in POCIS showed good linearity, with up to 28 days before reaching equilibrium. Two types of accumulation in POCIS were noted (a linear pattern up to 28 days, and after a time lag of 7 to 14 days). Sampling rates for 38 compounds were calculated and compared with those available in the literature or obtained previously under laboratory conditions. The values obtained were lower by a factor 1 to 14 than those estimated under stirring conditions in the literature, whereas water flow velocity (m s-1) differed by a factor of 2000 to 10,000.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Berho
- Water, Environment Process Development and Analysis Division, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM), 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin, 45060, Orléans cedex 2, France.
| | - Samuel Robert
- SUEZ, CIRSEE, 38 rue du président Wilson, 78230, le Pecq, France
| | - Charlotte Coureau
- Water, Environment Process Development and Analysis Division, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM), 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin, 45060, Orléans cedex 2, France
| | - Emeline Coisy
- Water, Environment Process Development and Analysis Division, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM), 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin, 45060, Orléans cedex 2, France
| | - Anne Berrehouc
- Water, Environment Process Development and Analysis Division, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM), 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin, 45060, Orléans cedex 2, France
| | - Laurence Amalric
- Water, Environment Process Development and Analysis Division, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM), 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin, 45060, Orléans cedex 2, France
| | - Auguste Bruchet
- SUEZ, CIRSEE, 38 rue du président Wilson, 78230, le Pecq, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
de Castro Lima JAM, Labanowski J, Bastos MC, Zanella R, Prestes OD, de Vargas JPR, Mondamert L, Granado E, Tiecher T, Zafar M, Troian A, Le Guet T, Dos Santos DR. "Modern agriculture" transfers many pesticides to watercourses: a case study of a representative rural catchment of southern Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:10581-10598. [PMID: 31942716 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06550-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The total cultivated area in Brazil reached to 62 million ha in 2018, with the predominance of genetically modified soybean and corn (36 and 17 million ha, respectively) in no-tillage systems. In 2018, 5.3 × 105 Mg of active ingredient of pesticides was applied in cropfields, representing about 7.3 L of commercial product by habitant. However, the monitoring of water courses contamination by pesticides remains scarce and is based on traditional grab sampling systems. In this study, we used the grab (water) and passive sampling (Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler-POCIS) to monitor pesticide contamination in the river network of a representative agricultural catchment of southern Brazil. We selected 18 sampling sites located in tributaries and in the main course of the Guaporé River, in Rio Grande do Sul State, with different land use predominance including forest, urban, and agricultural areas. Altogether, 79 and 23 pesticides were, respectively, analyzed in water and POCIS samples. The water of Guaporé River and its tributaries were highly contaminated by many pesticides, especially by four herbicides (2,4-D, atrazine, deethyl-atrazine, and simazine), three fungicides (carbendazim, tebuconazole, and epoxiconazole), and one insecticide (imidacloprid). The amount, type, and concentration of pesticides detected were completely different depending on the sampling technic used. POCIS was effective to discriminate the contamination according to the main land use of each sampling site. The monitored areas with the predominance of soybean cultivation under no-tillage tended to have higher concentrations of fungicide, while in the more diversified region, the herbicides showed higher values. The presence of five herbicides used in corn and grassland forage production was correlated with areas of integrated crop-livestock systems, in contrast to higher contamination by 2,4-D in areas of intensive production of soybean and winter cereals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jérôme Labanowski
- Université de Poitiers, IC2MP, UMR CNRS 7285, 7 rue Marcel Dore, B16, 860073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Marília Camotti Bastos
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Renato Zanella
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Osmar Damian Prestes
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | | | - Leslie Mondamert
- Université de Poitiers, IC2MP, UMR CNRS 7285, 7 rue Marcel Dore, B16, 860073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Eugenie Granado
- Université de Poitiers, IC2MP, UMR CNRS 7285, 7 rue Marcel Dore, B16, 860073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Tales Tiecher
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Bento Gonçalves, 7712, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil.
| | - Mohsin Zafar
- University of Poonch Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, 12350, Pakistan
| | - Alexandre Troian
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Thibaut Le Guet
- Université de Poitiers, IC2MP, UMR CNRS 7285, 7 rue Marcel Dore, B16, 860073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gao X, Xu Y, Ma M, Rao K, Wang Z. Simultaneous passive sampling of hydrophilic and hydrophobic emerging organic contaminants in water. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 178:25-32. [PMID: 30986629 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Passive sampling techniques have been considered robust tools for monitoring freely dissolved concentrations of contaminants in aquatic systems. However, few passive samplers are currently available for the simultaneous sampling of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic chemicals. In this study, we developed a novel passive sampler (a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance sorbent-embedded cellulose acetate membrane (HECAM)) for estimating the time-weighted average (TWA) concentrations of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic organic contaminants in water. In our laboratorial controlled dynamic experiments, the accumulation results of thirty-seven target chemicals (including organophosphorus flame retardants, phenols, estrogens, organophosphorus pesticides, and triazine herbicides) with a wide polarity range (1.44 < log Kow < 9.49) in the HECAM followed first-order kinetics well, and the passive sampling parameters were estimated successfully. The estimated sampling rates for the target chemicals in the HECAM ranged from 0.14 to 6.90 L d-1 in the laboratory experiment, and the log Ksw (equilibrium partition coefficient between the sampler and water) values ranged from 2.75 to 6.00. The HECAM exhibited high sampling rate for moderately hydrophilic and moderately hydrophobic chemicals. The field validation study in an urban river resulted in the detection of four target chemicals (tris(chloroisopropyl)phosphate, tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl)phosphate, prometryn, and 4-tert-octylphenol) by the HECAM at estimated TWA concentrations of 10.9-179.5 ng L-1, which were in agreement with the measured levels found in traditional grab samples by solid-phase extraction. In summary, both the laboratory tests and field deployment showed practicable results for the HECAM passive sampling, which suggests that it is an efficient approach for simultaneous monitoring of hydrophilic and hydrophobic organic contaminants in water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yiping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Mei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Kaifeng Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Zijian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Godlewska K, Stepnowski P, Paszkiewicz M. Application of the Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler for Isolation of Environmental Micropollutants – A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2019; 50:1-28. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2019.1565983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Godlewska
- Department of Environmental Analytics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analytics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Monika Paszkiewicz
- Department of Environmental Analytics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Buzier R, Guibal R, Lissalde S, Guibaud G. Limitation of flow effect on passive sampling accuracy using POCIS with the PRC approach or o-DGT: A pilot-scale evaluation for pharmaceutical compounds. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 222:628-636. [PMID: 30731383 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Flow velocity is known to alter passive sampling accuracy. We investigated the POCIS (Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler) with PRC (Performance Reference Compounds) approach and Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films samplers (o-DGT) to limit the effect of flow on the quantification accuracy of ten model pharmaceuticals compounds (0.16 ≤ log KOW ≤ 4.51). POCIS and o-DGT samplers were exposed for seven days in controlled pilot-scale (hundreds of liters) experiments under quiescent or flowing (2 < V < 18 cm s-1) conditions. Under flowing conditions, both POCIS-PRC and o-DGT efficiently limited the flow effect and led, in most cases, to biases within analytical uncertainty (20%). Under quiescent conditions, o-DGT performed accurately (bias < 30% for most compounds) whereas the PRC approach was unsuitable to improve upon the accuracy of POCIS (PRC was unable to desorb). Therefore, both approaches are helpful in limiting the effects of flow on accuracy, but only o-DGT is efficient in quiescent conditions. However, o-DGT currently suffers from poorer sensitivity compared to POCIS, but the future development of o-DGT devices with wider windows could overcome this limitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Buzier
- University of Limoges, PEIRENE URA IRSTEA, Equipe DIQeau, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060, Limoges Cedex, France.
| | - Robin Guibal
- University of Limoges, PEIRENE URA IRSTEA, Equipe DIQeau, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Sophie Lissalde
- University of Limoges, PEIRENE URA IRSTEA, Equipe DIQeau, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Gilles Guibaud
- University of Limoges, PEIRENE URA IRSTEA, Equipe DIQeau, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060, Limoges Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ren S, Tao J, Tan F, Cui Y, Li X, Chen J, He X, Wang Y. Diffusive gradients in thin films based on MOF-derived porous carbon binding gel for in-situ measurement of antibiotics in waters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 645:482-490. [PMID: 30029123 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) can achieve the time-weighted-average (TWA) concentrations of analytes in the period of deployment. Here we developed an approach based on DGT with a novel binding gel using porous carbon material (PCM) derived from metal-organic framework (MOF) for in-situ measurement of antibiotics in water samples. The diffusion coefficients of 20 antibiotics (nine sulfonamides, ten fluoroquinolones, and trimethoprim) in agarose diffusive gel were 1.41 × 10-6 cm2/s to 4.75 × 10-6 cm2/s at 25 °C. The capacity of PCM binding gel toward the antibiotics was ~100 μg per gel disc. The masses of the antibiotics accumulated by PCM-based DGT increased linearly with time, and they were almost independent of pH (4.2-8.4) and ionic strength (1-500 mM). The performance of the novel DGT was evaluated using freshwater and synthetic seawater spiked with the antibiotics in laboratory. The results showed good agreement with the theoretical predications except sulfacetamide. The detection limits achieved by the DGT with three devices together for deploying up to seven days were 1.0-18.0 ng/L. Field deployment in municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent and seawater showed that the TWA concentrations of antibiotics were 3.8-1342.5 ng/L and 5.6-43.3 ng/L, respectively, which were comparable to those measured by grab sampling. The proposed DGT was an efficient tool for the measurement of antibiotics in environmental waters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suyu Ren
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jing Tao
- Anshan Normal College, Department of Chemistry & Life Science, Anshan 114005, China
| | - Feng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Ying Cui
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiaona Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xin He
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cao F, Wang L, Ren X, Wu F, Sun H, Lu S. The application of molecularly imprinted polymers in passive sampling for selective sampling perfluorooctanesulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid in water environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:33309-33321. [PMID: 30259320 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3302-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Modeling and predicting of a novel polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) for sampling of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) using molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) as receiving phase are presented in this study. Laboratory microcosm experiments were conducted to investigate the uptake kinetics, effects of flow velocity, pH, and dissolved organic matter (DOM), and also the selectivity of the POCIS. In this study, uptake study of PFOA and PFOS sampling on MIP-POCIS, over 14 days, was investigated. Laboratory calibrations of MIP-POCIS yielded sampling rate (Rs) values for PFOA and PFOS were 0.387 and 0.229 L/d, higher than POCIS using commercial sorbent WAX as receiving phase (0.133 and 0.141 L/d for PFOA and PFOS, respectively) in quiescent condition. The Rs values for PFOA and PFOS sampling on MIP-POCIS were increased to 0.591 and 0.281 L/d in stirred condition (0.01 m/s), and no significant increase occurred when the flow velocity was further increased. The Rs values were kept relatively high in the solution of which the pH was lower than the isoelectric point (IEP) of MIP-sorbent and decreased when the solution pH was extend the IEP value. Under the experimental conditions, DOM seemed to slightly facilitate the Rs values of PFOA and PFOS in MIP-POCIS. The results showed that the interaction between the target compounds and the receiving phase was fully integrated by the imprinting effects and also the electrostatic interaction. Finally, comparing the sampling rate of WAX-POCIS and the MIP-POCIS, the MIP-POCIS offers promising perspectives for selective sampling ability for PFOA and PFOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengmei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Dayangfang Beiyuan Road, 8#, Chaoyang District, Bejing, 100012, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xinhao Ren
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Dayangfang Beiyuan Road, 8#, Chaoyang District, Bejing, 100012, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
- , Tianjin, China.
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Dayangfang Beiyuan Road, 8#, Chaoyang District, Bejing, 100012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Li Y, Yao C, Zha D, Yang W, Lu G. Selection of performance reference compound (PRC) for passive sampling of pharmaceutical residues in an effluent dominated river. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 211:884-892. [PMID: 30119020 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A passive sampling device, a polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS), was used to monitor 13 pharmaceuticals and 8 transformation products in upstream and downstream wastewater treatment plant effluent. A POCIS laboratory calibration study was performed to determine uptake behavior and the effect of water flow on the sampling rate. Most compounds showed a linear accumulation, and the sampling rate values ranged from 0.031 to 0.559 L/day. The developed POCIS samplers were used in field experiments in a wastewater-impacted river. Using the calculated sampling rates, the time-weighted average concentration values were measured by three different approaches: (1) laboratory calibration sampling rates (2) performance reference compound (PRC) correction sampling rates and (3) field calibration sampling rates. Nine deuterated compounds (acetaminophen-d3, antipyrine-d3, sulfamethoxazole-d4, carbamazepine-d10, diclofenac acid-d4, clofibric acid-d4, bezafibrate-d6, ibuprofen-d3 and naproxen-d3) were studied as PRCs. Antipyrine-d3 was successfully tested as a PRC for sulfamethoxazole, ibuprofen, 2-hydroxy ibuprofen, diclofenac acid, 4-hydroxydiclofenac acid, carbamazepin, carbamazepin 10,11-epoxide, sulfadiazine, 1-naphthol, antipyrine, naproxen and 4-chlorobenzoic acid. Finally, the POCIS was used to monitor target compounds in river water and measure their attenuation. For most compounds, the POCIS attenuation results were not significantly different from those of the spot samples, which demonstrated that a POCIS with a PRC correction can determine the attenuation of organic micropollutants in rivers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, HoHai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210098, China.
| | - Chi Yao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, HoHai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210098, China
| | - Daoping Zha
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, HoHai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210098, China
| | - Wen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, HoHai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210098, China
| | - Guanghua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, HoHai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210098, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ahrens L, Daneshvar A, Lau AE, Kreuger J. Concentrations, fluxes and field calibration of passive water samplers for pesticides and hazard-based risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 637-638:835-843. [PMID: 29758438 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Three passive sampler types including Chemcatcher® C18, polar organic chemical integrative sampler-hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (POCIS-HLB) and silicone rubber (SR) based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were evaluated for 124 legacy and current used pesticides at two sampling locations in southern Sweden over a period of 6 weeks and compared to time-proportional composite active sampling. In addition, an in situ calibration was performed resulting in median in situ sampling rates (RS, L day-1) of 0.01 for Chemcatcher® C18, 0.03 for POCIS-HLB, and 0.18 for SR, and median in situ passive sampler-water partition coefficients (log KPW, L kg-1) of 2.76 for Chemcatcher® C18, 3.87 for POCIS-HLB, and 2.64 for SR. Deisopropylatrazine D5 showed to be suitable as a performance reference compound (PRC) for SR. There was a good agreement between the pesticide concentrations using passive and active sampling. However, the three passive samplers detected 38 pesticides (including 9 priority substances from the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) and 2 pyrethriods) which were not detected by the active sampler. The most frequently detected pesticides with a detection frequency of >90% for both sites were atrazine, 2,6-dichlorobenzamide, bentazone, chloridazon, isoproturon, and propiconazole. The annual average environmental quality standard (AA-EQS) for inland surface waters of the EU WFD and the risk quotient (RQ) of 1 was exceeded on a number of occasions indicating potential risk for the aquatic environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Ahrens
- Dept. of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P. O. Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Atlasi Daneshvar
- Dept. of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P. O. Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; Center for chemical pesticides, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P. O. Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna E Lau
- Dept. of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P. O. Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; Center for chemical pesticides, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P. O. Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jenny Kreuger
- Dept. of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P. O. Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; Center for chemical pesticides, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P. O. Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Townsend I, Jones L, Broom M, Gravell A, Schumacher M, Fones GR, Greenwood R, Mills GA. Calibration and application of the Chemcatcher® passive sampler for monitoring acidic herbicides in the River Exe, UK catchment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:25130-25142. [PMID: 29943243 PMCID: PMC6133114 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2556-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Acidic herbicides are used to control broad-leaved weeds. They are stable, water-soluble, and with low binding to soil are found frequently in surface waters, often at concentrations above the EU Drinking Water Directive limit of 0.10 μg L-1. This presents a problem when such waters are abstracted for potable supplies. Understanding their sources, transport and fate in river catchments is important. We developed a new Chemcatcher® passive sampler, comprising a 3M Empore™ anion-exchange disk overlaid with a polyethersulphone membrane, for monitoring acidic herbicides (2,4-D, dicamba, dichlorprop, fluroxypyr, MCPA, MCPB, mecoprop, tricolpyr). Sampler uptake rates (Rs = 0.044-0.113 L day-1) were measured in the laboratory. Two field trials using the Chemcatcher® were undertaken in the River Exe catchment, UK. Time-weighted average (TWA) concentrations of the herbicides obtained using the Chemcatcher® were compared with concentrations measured in spot samples of water. The two techniques gave complimentary monitoring data, with the samplers being able to measure stochastic inputs of MCPA and mecoprop occurring in field trial 1. Chemcatcher® detected a large input of MCPA not found by spot sampling during field trial 2. Devices also detected other pesticides and pharmaceuticals with acidic properties. Information obtained using the Chemcatcher® can be used to develop improved risk assessments and catchment management plans and to assess the effectiveness of any mitigation and remediation strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Townsend
- South West Water Ltd, Peninsula House, Rydon Lane, Exeter, Devon, EX2 7HR, UK
| | - Lewis Jones
- South West Water Ltd, Peninsula House, Rydon Lane, Exeter, Devon, EX2 7HR, UK
| | - Martin Broom
- South West Water Ltd, Peninsula House, Rydon Lane, Exeter, Devon, EX2 7HR, UK
| | - Anthony Gravell
- Natural Resources Wales, NRW Analytical Services at Swansea University, Faraday Building, Swansea University, Singleton Campus, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Melanie Schumacher
- Natural Resources Wales, NRW Analytical Services at Swansea University, Faraday Building, Swansea University, Singleton Campus, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Gary R Fones
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth, PO1 3QL, UK.
| | - Richard Greenwood
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, King Henry I Street, Portsmouth, Hampshire, PO1 2DY, UK
| | - Graham A Mills
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, Hampshire, PO1 2DT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Djomte VT, Taylor RB, Chen S, Booij K, Chambliss CK. Effects of hydrodynamic conditions and temperature on polar organic chemical integrative sampling rates. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:2331-2339. [PMID: 29978495 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of changing hydrodynamic conditions and changing temperatures on polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) sampling rates (Rs ) were investigated for 12 crop protection chemicals. Exposure concentration was held constant in each laboratory experiment, and flow velocities were calculated from measured mass transfer coefficients of the water boundary layer near the surface of POCIS devices. At a given temperature Rs generally increased by a factor of 2 to 5 between a stagnant condition and higher flow velocities (6-21 cm/s), but Rs for most compounds was essentially constant between the higher flow velocities. When temperature was varied between 8 and 39 °C for a given flow condition, Rs increased linearly. In general, Rs increased by a factor of 2 to 4 and 2 to 8 over this temperature range under flow and stagnant conditions, respectively. An Arrhenius model was used to describe the dependence of POCIS sampling rates on temperature. Adjustments of Rs for temperature did not fully explain observed differences between time-weighted average concentrations of atrazine determined from POCIS and from composite water sampling in a field setting, suggesting that the effects of other competing factors still need to be evaluated. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2331-2339. © 2018 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Raegyn B Taylor
- Baylor University, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Sunmao Chen
- Syngenta Crop Protection, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - C Kevin Chambliss
- Baylor University, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Waco, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chappuis CJ, Huber R, Niclass Y, Starkenmann C. Simulating latrine conditions to assess perfume performance against malodour. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2018; 33:313-321. [PMID: 30034087 PMCID: PMC6049876 DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate perfume performance in toilets, we built model toilets in which critical factors such as background malodour, climate, and airflow were controlled. The models were equipped with an odour generator that injected hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, butyric acid, para-cresol, and indole, allowing us to accurately and reliably reconstitute toilet malodour headspace. The malodorant concentrations matched the quantitative headspace analysis performed in African and Indian toilets. The toilet malodour headspace performance was validated by chemical and sensory analysis. Olfactory stimuli were presented to participants in different simulated climates to assess the effect of climate on the perception of odours. The sensory data show that increasing temperature and humidity decreased the intensity ratings of odours without altering their quality. Perfume can be delivered in these toilets by forced evaporation to control the headspace concentration, or by delivery systems such as cellulosic pads, liquids, and powders. Our experimental set-up allowed us to establish dose-response curves to assess the performance of a perfume in reducing toilet malodour and increasing perceived pleasantness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Robin Huber
- Corporate R&D DivisionFirmenich SAGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Yvan Niclass
- Corporate R&D DivisionFirmenich SAGenevaSwitzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Booij K, Chen S. Review of atrazine sampling by polar organic chemical integrative samplers and Chemcatcher. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:1786-1798. [PMID: 29687480 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A key success factor for the performance of passive samplers is the proper calibration of sampling rates. Sampling rates for a wide range of polar organic compounds are available for Chemcatchers and polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS), but the mechanistic models that are needed to understand the effects of exposure conditions on sampling rates need improvement. Literature data on atrazine sampling rates by these samplers were reviewed with the aim of assessing what can be learned from literature reports of this well-studied compound and identifying knowledge gaps related to the effects of flow and temperature. The flow dependency of sampling rates could be described by a mass transfer resistance model with 1 (POCIS) or 2 (Chemcatcher) adjustable parameters. Literature data were insufficient to evaluate the temperature effect on the sampling rates. An evaluation of reported sampler configurations showed that standardization of sampler design can be improved: for POCIS with respect to surface area and sorbent mass, and for Chemcatcher with respect to housing design. Several reports on atrazine sampling could not be used because the experimental setups were insufficiently described with respect to flow conditions. Recommendations are made for standardization of sampler layout and documentation of flow conditions in calibration studies. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1786-1798. © 2018 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kees Booij
- Passive Sampling of Organic Compounds (PaSOC), Kimswerd, The Netherlands
| | - Sunmao Chen
- Syngenta Crop Protection, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sultana T, Murray C, Kleywegt S, Metcalfe CD. Neonicotinoid pesticides in drinking water in agricultural regions of southern Ontario, Canada. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 202:506-513. [PMID: 29587231 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Because of the persistence and solubility of neonicotinoid insecticides (NNIs), there is concern that these compounds may contaminate sources of drinking water. The objective of this project was to evaluate the distribution of NNIs in raw and treated drinking water from selected municipalities that draw their water from the lower Great Lakes in areas of southern Ontario, Canada where there is high intensity agriculture. Sites were monitored using Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Samplers (POCIS) and by collecting grab samples at six drinking water treatment plants. Thiamethoxam, clothianidin and imidacloprid were detected in both POCIS and grab samples of raw water. The frequency of detection of NNIs was much lower in treated drinking water, but some compounds were still detected at estimated concentrations in the low ng L-1 range. Thiamethoxam was detected in one grab sample of raw drinking water at a mean concentration of 0.28 μg L-1, which is above the guidelines for drinking water recommended in some jurisdictions, including the European Union directive on pesticide levels <0.1 μg L-1 in water intended for human consumption. Further work is required to determine whether contamination of sources of drinking water with this class of insecticides is a global problem in agricultural regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamanna Sultana
- Water Quality Centre, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Craig Murray
- Institute for Watershed Science, Trent University, ON, Canada
| | - Sonya Kleywegt
- Ontario Ministry of Environment and Climate Change, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chris D Metcalfe
- Water Quality Centre, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada; Institute for Watershed Science, Trent University, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Guibal R, Lissalde S, Leblanc J, Cleries K, Charriau A, Poulier G, Mazzella N, Rebillard JP, Brizard Y, Guibaud G. Two sampling strategies for an overview of pesticide contamination in an agriculture-extensive headwater stream. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:14280-14293. [PMID: 28844091 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9883-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two headwaters located in southwest France were monitored for 3 and 2 years (Auvézère and Aixette watershed, respectively) with two sampling strategies: grab and passive sampling with polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS). These watersheds are rural and characterized by agricultural areas with similar breeding practices, except that the Auvézère watershed contains apple production for agricultural diversification and the downstream portion of the Aixette watershed is in a peri-urban area. The agricultural activities of both are extensive, i.e., with limited supply of fertilizer and pesticides. The sampling strategies used here give specific information: grab samples for higher pesticide content and POCIS for contamination background noise and number of compounds found. Agricultural catchments in small headwater streams are characterized by a background noise of pesticide contamination in the range of 20-70 ng/L, but there may also be transient and high-peak pesticide contamination (2000-3000 ng/L) caused by rain events, poor use of pesticides, and/or the small size of the water body. This study demonstrates that between two specific runoff events, contamination was low; hence the importance of passive sampler use. While the peak pesticide concentrations seen here are a toxicity risk for aquatic life, the pesticide background noise of single compounds do not pose obvious acute nor chronic risks; however, this study did not consider the risk from synergistic "cocktail" effects. Proper tools and sampling strategies may link watershed activities (agricultural, non-agricultural) to pesticides detected in the water, and data from both grab and passive samples can contribute to discussions on environmental effects in headwaters, an area of great importance for biodiversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Guibal
- Groupement de Recherche Eau, Sol, Environnement (GRESE - EA 4330), Université de Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060, Limoges Cedex, France.
| | - Sophie Lissalde
- Groupement de Recherche Eau, Sol, Environnement (GRESE - EA 4330), Université de Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060, Limoges Cedex, France.
| | - Julie Leblanc
- Groupement de Recherche Eau, Sol, Environnement (GRESE - EA 4330), Université de Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Karine Cleries
- Groupement de Recherche Eau, Sol, Environnement (GRESE - EA 4330), Université de Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Adeline Charriau
- Groupement de Recherche Eau, Sol, Environnement (GRESE - EA 4330), Université de Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Gaëlle Poulier
- Groupement de Recherche Eau, Sol, Environnement (GRESE - EA 4330), Université de Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060, Limoges Cedex, France
- Unité de Recherche EABX, IRSTEA, 50 Avenue de Verdun, Gazinet, 33612, Cestas Cedex, France
- Unité de Recherche Milieux aquatiques, écologie et pollutions (MAEP), IRSTEA, 5 rue de la Doua, CS70077, 69626, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Mazzella
- Unité de Recherche EABX, IRSTEA, 50 Avenue de Verdun, Gazinet, 33612, Cestas Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Rebillard
- Agence de l'Eau Adour-Garonne, 90 rue du Férétra, CS 87801, 31078, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Yoann Brizard
- Syndicat d'aménagement du Bassin de la Vienne, 38, avenue du Président Wilson, 87700, Aixe sur Vienne, France
| | - Gilles Guibaud
- Groupement de Recherche Eau, Sol, Environnement (GRESE - EA 4330), Université de Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060, Limoges Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lotufo GR, George RD, Belden JB, Woodley CM, Smith DL, Rosen G. Investigation of polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) flow rate dependence for munition constituents in underwater environments. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:171. [PMID: 29478103 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6558-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Munition constituents (MC) are present in aquatic environments throughout the world. Potential for fluctuating release with low residence times may cause concentrations of MC to vary widely over time at contaminated sites. Recently, polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) have been demonstrated to be valuable tools for the environmental exposure assessment of MC in water. Flow rate is known to influence sampling by POCIS. Because POCIS sampling rates (Rs) for MC have only been determined under quasi-static conditions, the present study evaluated the uptake of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine), and 2,4- and 2,6-dinitrotoluenes (DNT), by POCIS in a controlled water flume at 7, 15, and 30 cm/s in 10-day experiments using samplers both within and without a protective cage. Sampling rate increased with flow rate for all MC investigated, but flow rate had the strongest impact on TNT and the weakest impact on RDX. For uncaged POCIS, mean Rs for 30 cm/s was significantly higher than that for 7 cm by 2.7, 1.9, 1.9, and 1.3 folds for TNT, 2,4-DNT, 2,6-DNT, and RDX, respectively. For all MC except RDX, mean Rs for caged POCIS at 7 cm/s were significantly lower than for uncaged samplers and similar to those measured at quasi-static condition, but except for 2,6-DNT, no caging effect was measured at the highest flow rate, indicating that the impact of caging on Rs is flow rate-dependent. When flow rates are known, flow rate-specific Rs should be used for generating POCIS-derived time-averaged concentrations of MC at contaminated sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme R Lotufo
- U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS, 39180, USA.
| | - Robert D George
- U.S. Navy Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Pacific, 53475 Strothe Rd., San Diego, CA, 92152, USA
| | - Jason B Belden
- Department of Zoology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Christa M Woodley
- U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS, 39180, USA
| | - David L Smith
- U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS, 39180, USA
| | - Gunther Rosen
- U.S. Navy Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Pacific, 53475 Strothe Rd., San Diego, CA, 92152, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lehmann E, Fargues M, Nfon Dibié JJ, Konaté Y, de Alencastro LF. Assessment of water resource contamination by pesticides in vegetable-producing areas in Burkina Faso. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:3681-3694. [PMID: 29164468 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0665-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study proposes a comprehensive approach to investigate water resource contamination by pesticides under the specific climatic and hydrological conditions of the Sudano-Sahelian climate. Samples were collected from traditional wells, boreholes, and a lake in Burkina Faso. A multiresidue analysis was developed for 25 pesticides identified during field surveys. Polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) were used to confirm trends observed with grab samples. Uptake kinetics of POCIS were assessed by in situ calibration. The proposed use of nonlinear least squares regression proved to be a robust approach for estimating time-weighted average concentration in cases of nonlinear uptake. High sampling rates for triazines in a quasi-stagnant lake were attributed to warm water temperatures (30.8 ± 1.3 °C). The combination of sampling techniques during a 3-year monitoring period allowed for identifying potential interactions between resources, seasonal patterns, and origins of contaminants. Atrazine, azadirachtin, carbofuran, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, dieldrin, imidacloprid, and profenofos exceeded 0.1 μg L-1, indicating a potential risk for the consumers. Ecological risk assessment was performed using the Pesticide Tool Index for fish, cladocerans, and benthic invertebrates. Peak concentrations of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos were systematically associated with hazard to the studied taxa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Lehmann
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Central Environmental Laboratory, Station 2, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Morgan Fargues
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Central Environmental Laboratory, Station 2, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Jacques Nfon Dibié
- Laboratoire Eau, Dépollution, Écosystèmes et Santé, Institut International d'Ingénierie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement, Ouagadougou 01, BP, 594, Burkina Faso
| | - Yacouba Konaté
- Laboratoire Eau, Dépollution, Écosystèmes et Santé, Institut International d'Ingénierie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement, Ouagadougou 01, BP, 594, Burkina Faso
| | - Luiz Felippe de Alencastro
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Central Environmental Laboratory, Station 2, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Li Y, Yang C, Zha D, Wang L, Lu G, Sun Q, Wu D. In situ calibration of polar organic chemical integrative samplers to monitor organophosphate flame retardants in river water using polyethersulfone membranes with performance reference compounds. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 610-611:1356-1363. [PMID: 28851155 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Passive sampler is an innovative way of monitoring chemicals in different environmental. A modified polar organic chemical integrative sampler (m-POCIS) with a performance reference compound (PRC) was used to evaluate the concentrations of 8 organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) under field conditions. The m-POCIS was deployed for 15days under laboratory conditions and 21days under in situ conditions to determine the concentrations of OPFRs. The analytes were trapped in the sorbent and the microporous polyethersulfone (PES) membrane of the m-POCIS. Sampling rates (Rs) were determined for the studied compounds and ranged from 0.02±0.0003L/d (triphenylphosphine oxide, TPPO) to 0.24±0.021L/d (tripropyl phosphate, TPrP) in the laboratory. The membranes accumulation increased with usage and was correlated to the logKow. Among the tested compounds, tripentylphosphate (TPeP) and triphenylphosphate (TPhP) had the highest logKow values and were mostly detected in the membranes. This behavior resulted in a lag-phase, which was measured by extrapolating the data from the last third of the uptake phase (quasilinear) to the x-axis using a linear regression, before the compounds transferred into the sorbent. TPhP was the only compound with a lag-phase of 3.9days during the 15days experiment. Deuteratedtributyl phosphate (TBP-d27) and desisopropyl atrazine-d5 (DIA-d5) were identified through specific experiments as potential PRC. The results from the PRC calibrations suggested that DIA-d5 (ke (in situ)=0.075±0.0048day-1) can be used as a PRC for the evaluation of OPFRs using m-POCISs. The time-weighted average (TWA) concentrations estimated by the m-POCIS with or without a PRC were significantly correlated with the corresponding values determined from the grab samples. After the PRC calibration, the TWA concentrations of the tested OPFRs in an aquatic environment were lower than those estimated using the laboratory sampling rates (Rs). The m-POCIS with a PRC correction was a suitable tool for estimating OPFRs TWA concentrations in the Yangtze River.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, HoHai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210098, China.
| | - Cunman Yang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, HoHai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210098, China
| | - Daoping Zha
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, HoHai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210098, China
| | - Li Wang
- Jiangsu Province Hydrology and Water Resources Investigation Bureau, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Guanghua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, HoHai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210098, China.
| | - Qin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, HoHai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210098, China
| | - Donghai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, HoHai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210098, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Criquet J, Dumoulin D, Howsam M, Mondamert L, Goossens JF, Prygiel J, Billon G. Comparison of POCIS passive samplers vs. composite water sampling: A case study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 609:982-991. [PMID: 28783915 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The relevance of Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Samplers (POCIS) was evaluated for the assessment of concentrations of 46 pesticides and 19 pharmaceuticals in a small, peri-urban river with multi-origin inputs. Throughout the period of POCIS deployment, 24h-average water samples were collected automatically, and showed the rapid temporal evolution of concentrations of several micropollutants, as well as permitting the calculation of average concentrations in the water phase for comparison with those estimated from POCIS passive samplers. In the daily water samples, cyproconazol, epoxyconazol and imidacloprid showed high temporal variations with concentrations ranging from under the limit of detection up to several hundreds of ngL-1. Erythromycin, cyprofloxacin and iopromide also increased rapidly up to tens of ngL-1 within a few days. Conversely, atrazine, caffeine, diclofenac, and to a lesser extent carbamazepine and sucralose, were systematically present in the water samples and showed limited variation in concentrations. For most of the substances studied here, the passive samplers gave reliable average concentrations between the minimal and maximal daily concentrations during the time of deployment. For pesticides, a relatively good correlation was clearly established (R2=0.89) between the concentrations obtained by POCIS and those gained from average water samples. A slight underestimation of the concentration by POCIS can be attributed to inappropriate sampling rates extracted from the literature and for our system, and new values are proposed. Considering the all data set, 75% of the results indicate a relatively good agreement between the POCIS and the average water samples concentration (values of the ratio ranging between 0,33 and 3). Note further that this agreement between these concentrations remains valid considering different sampling rates extracted from the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justine Criquet
- Univ. Lille CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIR, Equipe Physico-Chimie de l'Environnement, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - David Dumoulin
- Univ. Lille CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIR, Equipe Physico-Chimie de l'Environnement, F-59000 Lille, France
| | | | - Leslie Mondamert
- IC2MP, Université de Poitiers, CNRS UMR 7285, 7 Rue Marcel Doré, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | | | - Jean Prygiel
- Univ. Lille CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIR, Equipe Physico-Chimie de l'Environnement, F-59000 Lille, France; Agence de l'Eau Artois-Picardie, 200 rue Marceline, 59508 Douai, France
| | - Gabriel Billon
- Univ. Lille CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIR, Equipe Physico-Chimie de l'Environnement, F-59000 Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Silvani L, Riccardi C, Eek E, Papini MP, Morin NAO, Cornelissen G, Oen AMP, Hale SE. Monitoring alkylphenols in water using the polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS): Determining sampling rates via the extraction of PES membranes and Oasis beads. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 184:1362-1371. [PMID: 28693101 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) have previously been used to monitor alkylphenol (AP) contamination in water and produced water. However, only the sorbent receiving phase of the POCIS (Oasis beads) is traditionally analyzed, thus limiting the use of POCIS for monitoring a range of APs with varying hydrophobicity. Here a "pharmaceutical" POCIS was calibrated in the laboratory using a static renewal setup for APs (from 2-ethylphenol to 4-n-nonylphenol) with varying hydrophobicity (log Kow between 2.47 and 5.76). The POCIS sampler was calibrated over its 28 day integrative regime and sampling rates (Rs) were determined. Uptake was shown to be a function of AP hydrophobicity where compounds with log Kow < 4 were preferentially accumulated in Oasis beads, and compounds with log Kow > 5 were preferentially accumulated in the PES membranes. A lag phase (over a 24 h period) before uptake in to the PES membranes occurred was evident. This work demonstrates that the analysis of both POCIS phases is vital in order to correctly determine environmentally relevant concentrations owing to the fact that for APs with log Kow ≤ 4 uptake, to the PES membranes and the Oasis beads, involves different processes compared to APs with log Kow ≥ 4. The extraction of both the POCIS matrices is thus recommended in order to assess the concentration of hydrophobic APs (log Kow ≥ 4), as well as hydrophilic APs, most effectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Silvani
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O.Box 3930 Ullevaal, NO-0806 Oslo, Norway; Sapienza Università di Roma, P.zzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Carmela Riccardi
- INAIL, Research, Certification and Control Division, Via di Fontana Candida 1, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Rome, Italy
| | - Espen Eek
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O.Box 3930 Ullevaal, NO-0806 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Nicolas A O Morin
- Environmental and Food Laboratory of Vendée (LEAV), Department of Chemistry, Rond-point Georges Duval CS 80802, 85021, La Roche-sur-Yon, France
| | - Gerard Cornelissen
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O.Box 3930 Ullevaal, NO-0806 Oslo, Norway; Department of Environmental Sciences (IMV), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Amy M P Oen
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O.Box 3930 Ullevaal, NO-0806 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sarah E Hale
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O.Box 3930 Ullevaal, NO-0806 Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Yan B, Liu Z, Huang R, Xu Y, Liu D, Lin TF, Cui F. Optimization of the Determination Method for Dissolved Cyanobacterial Toxin BMAA in Natural Water. Anal Chem 2017; 89:10991-10998. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Boyin Yan
- State
Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Zhiquan Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Rui Huang
- State
Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yongpeng Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Dongmei Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Tsair-Fuh Lin
- Department
of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
| | - Fuyi Cui
- State
Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang L, Gong X, Wang R, Gan Z, Lu Y, Sun H. Application of an immobilized ionic liquid for the passive sampling of perfluorinated substances in water. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1515:45-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
42
|
Franquet-Griell H, Pueyo V, Silva J, Orera VM, Lacorte S. Development of a macroporous ceramic passive sampler for the monitoring of cytostatic drugs in water. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 182:681-690. [PMID: 28528314 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop and calibrate a macroporous ceramic passive sampler (MCPS) for the monitoring of anticancer drugs in wastewater. This system was designed by the Spanish Research Council (CSIC) and consists in a porous ceramic tube to allow a high diffusion of contaminants. The MCPS has been calibrated for 16 cytostatic drugs over time periods up to 9 d in spiked water under controlled laboratory conditions. Optimal uptake was accomplished for 7 compounds, namely ifosfamide, cyclophosphamide, capecitabine, prednisone, megestrol, cyproterone and mycophenolic acid, whereas cytarabine was not adsorbed in the receiving phase and the rest were hydrolyzed over the deployment period. The sampling rate for these 7 compounds was between 0.825 and 3.350 mL day-1 and the diffusion coefficients varied from 1.01E-07 to 4.12E-07 cm2 s-1. To prove the applicability of the MCPSs, samplers (n = 3) were deployed in influent and effluent waters of a WWTP for a period of 6 d and results were compared to grab sampling and extraction with Solid Phase Extraction (SPE). In influent waters, MCPS were clogged due to the high amount of suspended solids in these waters. In effluents, MCPS detected cyclophosphamide and mycophenolic acid at concentrations of 19 ± 3 and 136 ± 28 ng L-1 with a good agreement with the levels obtained by grab sampling. The study discusses the use and performance of the MCPS for the monitoring of stable cytostatic compounds in a complex matrix such as wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Franquet-Griell
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor Pueyo
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Silva
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, c/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Victor M Orera
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, c/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Silvia Lacorte
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Booij K, Maarsen NL, Theeuwen M, van Bommel R. A method to account for the effect of hydrodynamics on polar organic compound uptake by passive samplers. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:1517-1524. [PMID: 27925279 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mass transfer coefficients of the water boundary layer (kw ) were measured using alabaster dissolution kinetics in a diffusion cell that was operated at stirring rates between 90 min-1 and 600 min-1 , aiming to provide a more robust characterization of the effect of hydrodynamics on the uptake of polar compounds by passive samplers, as compared with characterizations in terms of stirring rates and water flow velocities. The measured kw helped to quantitatively understand calcium sulfate transport through a poly(ethersulfone) membrane and 2 water boundary layers (at both sides of the membrane). Alabaster-based kw value were used to understand atrazine transport in the diffusion cell, allowing the conclusion that atrazine transport in the membrane is via the pore space, rather than via the polymer matrix. The merits of measuring alabaster dissolution rates for passive sampler calibration and application in the field are discussed. The authors propose that passive sampler calibrations be carried out under controlled kw conditions, rather than under controlled stirring rates or flow velocities. This would facilitate the interpretation of passive sampler calibration studies and the translation of laboratory-based water sampling rates to flow conditions that apply in the field. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1517-1524. © 2016 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kees Booij
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Natasja L Maarsen
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Theeuwen
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald van Bommel
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Texel, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Jeong Y, Schäffer A, Smith K. Equilibrium partitioning of organic compounds to OASIS HLB ® as a function of compound concentration, pH, temperature and salinity. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 174:297-305. [PMID: 28183055 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Oasis hydrophilic lipophilic balance® (Oasis HLB) is commonly employed in solid phase extraction (SPE) of environmental contaminants and within polar organic chemical integrative passive samplers (POCIS). In this study batch experiments were carried out to evaluate the relative affinity of a range of relevant organic pollutants to Oasis HLB in aqueous systems. The influence of sorbate concentration, temperature, pH, and salinity on the equilibrium sorption was investigated. Equilibrium partition ratios (KD) of 28 compounds were determined, ranging over three orders of magnitude from 1.16 × 103 L/kg (atenolol) to 1.07 × 106 L/kg (isoproturon). The Freundlich model was able to describe the equilibrium partitioning to Oasis HLB, and an analysis of the thermodynamic parameters revealed the spontaneous and exothermic nature of the partitioning process. Ionic strength had only a minor effect on the partitioning, whereas pH had a considerable effect but only for ionizable compounds. The results show that apolar interactions between the Oasis HLB and analyte mainly determine the equilibrium partitioning. These research findings can be used to optimize the application of SPE and POCIS for analyses of environmental contaminants even in complex mixtures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoonah Jeong
- Environmental Safety Group, KIST Europe, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Campus E7.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52076, Aachen, Germany.
| | | | - Kilian Smith
- Environmental Safety Group, KIST Europe, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Campus E7.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ahmadi F, Sparham C, Boyacı E, Pawliszyn J. Time Weighted Average Concentration Monitoring Based on Thin Film Solid Phase Microextraction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:3929-3937. [PMID: 28251860 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b06465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Time weighted average (TWA) passive sampling with thin film solid phase microextraction (TF-SPME) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used for collection, identification, and quantification of benzophenone-1, benzophenone-2, benzophenone-3, benzophenone-4, 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid, octocrylene, octylmethoxycinnamate, butylmethoxydibenzoylmethane, triclocarban and triclosan in the aquatic environment. Two types of TF-SPME passive samplers, including a retracted thin film device using a hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) coating, and an open bed configuration with an octadecyl silica-based (C18)coating, were evaluated in an aqueous standard generation system. Laboratory calibration results indicated that the thin film retracted device using HLB coating is suitable to determine TWA concentrations of polar analytes in water, with an uptake that was linear up to 70 days. In open bed form, a one-calibrant kinetic calibration technique was accomplished by loading benzophenone3-d5 as calibrant on the C18 coating to quantify all nonpolar compounds. The experimental results showed that the one-calibrant kinetic calibration technique can be used for determination of classes of compounds in cases where deuterated counterparts are either not available or expensive. The developed passive samplers were deployed in wastewater-dominated reaches of the Grand River (Kitchener, ON) to verify their feasibility for determination of TWA concentrations in on-site applications. Field trials results indicated that these devices are suitable for long-term and short-term monitoring of compounds varying in polarity, such as UV blockers and biocide compounds in water, and the data were in good agreement with literature data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fardin Ahmadi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Chris Sparham
- Unilever, Safety & Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedford, MK44 1LQ, U.K
| | - Ezel Boyacı
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Iparraguirre A, Prieto A, Vallejo A, Moeder M, Zuloaga O, Etxebarria N, Paschke A. Tetraphasic polar organic chemical integrative sampler for the determination of a wide polarity range organic pollutants in water. The use of performance reference compounds and in-situ calibration. Talanta 2017; 164:314-322. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
47
|
Sultana T, Murray C, Ehsanul Hoque M, Metcalfe CD. Monitoring contaminants of emerging concern from tertiary wastewater treatment plants using passive sampling modelled with performance reference compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 189:1. [PMID: 27909849 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5706-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The Lake Simcoe watershed in Ontario, Canada is an important recreational area and a recharge zone for groundwater resources. Lake Simcoe is a relatively shallow lotic system that has been impacted by urban development, recreation, industry and agriculture. As part of a watershed management plan, six wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located in this catchment basin were selected to measure the inputs of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) of wastewater origin. These WWTPs were recently upgraded to tertiary treatment for phosphorus removal. Polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) and semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) were used to monitor for hydrophilic and hydrophobic CECs, respectively, in treated and untreated wastewater. The passive samplers were calibrated with performance reference compounds (PRCs) by measuring the loss of deuterated beta blocker drugs spiked into POCIS and the loss of PCB congeners spiked into SPMDs over the course of 14-day deployment periods. From the PRC data, field sampling rates of CECs were determined and applied to estimate time-weighted average (TWA) concentrations and mass loadings in mg/day/1000 members of the population serviced. In treated wastewater, TWA concentrations of an antibiotic, sulfamethoxazole, the prescription drugs, carbamazepine, naproxen and gemfibrozil, and the non-prescription drug, ibuprofen, were estimated to be in the low (<18 ng/L) range. The artificial sweeteners, sucralose and acesulfame, were particularly useful chemical tracers, with estimated TWA concentrations in treated wastewater ranging from 128 to 213 ng/L and 4 to 33 ng/L, respectively. The steroid hormones were detected only rarely in treated wastewater. Triclosan, triclocarban and the synthetic musks, HHCB and AHTN, were removed efficiently (>77 %), possibly because of the tertiary treatment technologies. Therefore, the mass loadings for these personal care products were all <5 mg/day/1000 people. Overall, this study indicates that tertiary treatment technologies designed for phosphorus removal do not entirely remove the target CECs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamanna Sultana
- Water Quality Centre, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9J 7B8, Canada.
| | - Craig Murray
- Institute for Watershed Science, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - M Ehsanul Hoque
- Water Quality Centre, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - Chris D Metcalfe
- Water Quality Centre, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9J 7B8, Canada
- Institute for Watershed Science, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9J 7B8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Shen L, Fischer J, Martin J, Hoque ME, Telgmann L, Hintelmann H, Metcalfe CD, Yargeau V. Carbon Nanotube Integrative Sampler (CNIS) for passive sampling of nanosilver in the aquatic environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 569-570:223-233. [PMID: 27343941 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials such as nanosilver (AgNP) can be released into the aquatic environment through production, usage, and disposal. Sensitive and cost-effective methods are needed to monitor AgNPs in the environment. This work is hampered by a lack of sensitive methods to detect nanomaterials in environmental matrixes. The present study focused on the development, calibration and application of a passive sampling technique for detecting AgNPs in aquatic matrixes. A Carbon Nanotube Integrative Sampler (CNIS) was developed using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as the sorbent for accumulating AgNPs and other Ag species from water. Sampling rates were determined in the laboratory for different sampler configurations and in different aquatic matrixes. The sampler was field tested at the Experimental Lakes Area, Canada, in lake water dosed with AgNPs. For a configuration of the CNIS consisting of CNTs bound to carbon fiber (i.e. CNT veil) placed in Chemcatcher® housing, the time weighted average (TWA) concentrations of silver estimated from deployments of the sampler in lake mesocosms dosed with AgNPs were similar to the measured concentrations of "colloidal silver" (i.e. <0.22μm in size) in the water column. For a configuration of CNIS consisting of CNTs in loose powder form placed in a custom made housing that were deployed in a whole lake dosed with AgNPs, the estimated TWA concentrations of "CNIS-labile Ag" were similar to the concentrations of total silver measured in the epilimnion of the lake. However, sampling rates for the CNIS in various matrixes are relatively low (i.e. 1-20mL/day), so deployment periods of several weeks are required to detect AgNPs at environmentally relevant concentrations, which can allow biofilms to develop on the sampler and could affect the sampling rates. With further development, this novel sampler may provide a simple and sensitive method for screening for the presence of AgNPs in surface waters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Shen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jillian Fischer
- Water Quality Centre, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan Martin
- Water Quality Centre, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Md Ehsanul Hoque
- Water Quality Centre, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lena Telgmann
- Water Quality Centre, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Holger Hintelmann
- Water Quality Centre, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris D Metcalfe
- Water Quality Centre, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Viviane Yargeau
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Challis JK, Hanson ML, Wong CS. Development and Calibration of an Organic-Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films Aquatic Passive Sampler for a Diverse Suite of Polar Organic Contaminants. Anal Chem 2016; 88:10583-10591. [PMID: 27709893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A unique configuration of the diffusive gradients in thin films sampler for polar organics (o-DGT) without a poly(ether sulfone) membrane was developed, calibrated, and field-evaluated. Diffusion coefficients (D) through agarose diffusive gels ranged from (1.02 to 4.74) × 10-6 cm2/s for 34 pharmaceuticals and pesticides at 5, 13, and 23 °C. Analyte-specific diffusion-temperature plots produced linear (r2 > 0.85) empirical relationships whereby D could be estimated at any environmentally relevant temperature (i.e., matched to in situ water conditions). Linear uptake for all analytes was observed in a static renewal calibration experiment over 25 days except for three macrolide antibiotics, which reached saturation at 300 ng (≈15 d). Experimental sampling rates ranged from 8.8 to 16.1 mL/d and were successfully estimated with measured and modeled D within 19% and 30% average relative error, respectively. Under slow flowing (2.4 cm/s) and static conditions, the in situ diffusive boundary layer (DBL) thickness ranged from 0.023 to 0.075 cm, resulting in a maximum contribution to mass transfer of <45%. Estimated water concentrations by o-DGT at a wastewater treatment plant agreed well with grab samples and appeared to be less influenced by the boundary layer compared to that of polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) deployed simultaneously. The o-DGT sampler is a promising monitoring tool that is largely insensitive to the DBL under typical flow conditions, facilitating the application of measured/modeled diffusion-based sampling rates. This significantly reduces the need for sampler calibration, making o-DGT more widely applicable, reliable, and cost-effective compared to current polar passive samplers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan K Challis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Mark L Hanson
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Charles S Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Department of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Richardson College for the Environment, The University of Winnipeg , Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B 2E9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Baz-Lomba JA, Salvatore S, Gracia-Lor E, Bade R, Castiglioni S, Castrignanò E, Causanilles A, Hernandez F, Kasprzyk-Hordern B, Kinyua J, McCall AK, van Nuijs A, Ort C, Plósz BG, Ramin P, Reid M, Rousis NI, Ryu Y, de Voogt P, Bramness J, Thomas K. Comparison of pharmaceutical, illicit drug, alcohol, nicotine and caffeine levels in wastewater with sale, seizure and consumption data for 8 European cities. BMC Public Health 2016; 121:221-230. [PMID: 27716139 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monitoring the scale of pharmaceuticals, illicit and licit drugs consumption is important to assess the needs of law enforcement and public health, and provides more information about the different trends within different countries. Community drug use patterns are usually described by national surveys, sales and seizure data. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been shown to be a reliable approach complementing such surveys. METHOD This study aims to compare and correlate the consumption estimates of pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs, alcohol, nicotine and caffeine from wastewater analysis and other sources of information. Wastewater samples were collected in 2015 from 8 different European cities over a one week period, representing a population of approximately 5 million people. Published pharmaceutical sale, illicit drug seizure and alcohol, tobacco and caffeine use data were used for the comparison. RESULTS High agreement was found between wastewater and other data sources for pharmaceuticals and cocaine, whereas amphetamines, alcohol and caffeine showed a moderate correlation. methamphetamine and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and nicotine did not correlate with other sources of data. Most of the poor correlations were explained as part of the uncertainties related with the use estimates and were improved with other complementary sources of data. CONCLUSIONS This work confirms the promising future of WBE as a complementary approach to obtain a more accurate picture of substance use situation within different communities. Our findings suggest further improvements to reduce the uncertainties associated with both sources of information in order to make the data more comparable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Antonio Baz-Lomba
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, Oslo, NO-0349, Norway.
- Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PO box 1078, Blindern, Oslo, 0316, Norway.
| | - Stefania Salvatore
- Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PO box 1078, Blindern, Oslo, 0316, Norway
| | - Emma Gracia-Lor
- IRCCS-Istituto di Recerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Via La Masa 19, Milan, 20156, Italy
| | - Richard Bade
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, Castellón, E-12071, Spain
| | - Sara Castiglioni
- IRCCS-Istituto di Recerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Via La Masa 19, Milan, 20156, Italy
| | - Erika Castrignanò
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Faculty of Science, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Ana Causanilles
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Chemical Water Quality and Health, P.O. Box 1072, Nieuwegein, 3430 BB, The Netherlands
| | - Felix Hernandez
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, Castellón, E-12071, Spain
| | | | - Juliet Kinyua
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toxicological Center, Campus Drie Eiken, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerp, 2610, Belgium
| | - Ann-Kathrin McCall
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Alexander van Nuijs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toxicological Center, Campus Drie Eiken, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerp, 2610, Belgium
| | - Christoph Ort
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Benedek G Plósz
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljøvej, Building 115, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Pedram Ramin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljøvej, Building 115, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Malcolm Reid
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, Oslo, NO-0349, Norway
| | - Nikolaos I Rousis
- IRCCS-Istituto di Recerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Via La Masa 19, Milan, 20156, Italy
| | - Yeonsuk Ryu
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, Oslo, NO-0349, Norway
| | - Pim de Voogt
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Chemical Water Quality and Health, P.O. Box 1072, Nieuwegein, 3430 BB, The Netherlands
| | - Jorgen Bramness
- Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PO box 1078, Blindern, Oslo, 0316, Norway
| | - Kevin Thomas
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, Oslo, NO-0349, Norway
| |
Collapse
|