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Doneux T, Sorgho A, Soma F, Rayée Q, Bougouma M. Electrodeposition in Deep Eutectic Solvents: The "Obvious", the "Unexpected" and the "Wonders". Molecules 2024; 29:3439. [PMID: 39065016 PMCID: PMC11279597 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29143439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are attracting considerable attention as non-conventional media for electrodeposition processes. This opinion contribution discusses the debated nature and definition of these solvents as well as some practical considerations of relevance when performing electrodeposition studies in DESs. Using a few illustrative case studies, it is shown that speciation is a key factor determining the electrochemical behaviour of chemical elements in different DESs, and that accounting for the speciation strong similarities can often be found with more conventional or more documented solvents. The need for thermodynamic data is emphasised and it is suggested to expand the composition range of these solvents beyond fixed ratios between the components to exploit the full potentialities of DESs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Doneux
- Chemistry of Surfaces, Interfaces and Nanomaterials (ChemSIN), Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, 2, CP 255, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Alassane Sorgho
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, de Physique Spatiale et Energétique (L@CAPSE), UFR/Sciences et Technologies (ST), Université Norbert ZONGO, Avenue Maurice Yameogo, Koudougou BP 376, Burkina Faso
| | - Fousséni Soma
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, de Physique Spatiale et Energétique (L@CAPSE), UFR/Sciences et Technologies (ST), Université Norbert ZONGO, Avenue Maurice Yameogo, Koudougou BP 376, Burkina Faso
| | - Quentin Rayée
- Chemistry of Surfaces, Interfaces and Nanomaterials (ChemSIN), Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, 2, CP 255, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Moussa Bougouma
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, de Physique Spatiale et Energétique (L@CAPSE), UFR/Sciences et Technologies (ST), Université Norbert ZONGO, Avenue Maurice Yameogo, Koudougou BP 376, Burkina Faso
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2
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Wallace WT, Hayward JS, Marsh AR, Bartley JK. The Antisolvent Precipitation of CuZnOx Mixed Oxide Materials Using a Choline Chloride-Urea Deep Eutectic Solvent. Molecules 2024; 29:3357. [PMID: 39064935 PMCID: PMC11279927 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29143357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metal oxides have applications in a variety of different fields, and new synthesis methods are needed to control their properties and improve their performance as functional materials. In this study, we investigated a low-cost antisolvent precipitation method using a choline chloride-urea deep eutectic solvent to precipitate CuZnOx materials using water as the antisolvent. Using this methodology, the metal oxide materials can be precipitated directly from the deep eutectic solvent without the need for a high-temperature calcination step that can lead to a reduction in defects and surface area, which are important properties in applications such as catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jonathan K. Bartley
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, University of Cardiff, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK; (W.T.W.); (J.S.H.); (A.R.M.)
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3
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Daskalopoulou E, Hunt P, Elgar CE, Yang M, Abbott AP, Hartley JM. Overcoming passivation through improved mass transport in dense ionic fluids. Faraday Discuss 2024. [PMID: 39007290 DOI: 10.1039/d4fd00030g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) have recently been shown to be part of a dense ionic fluid continuum between ionic liquids and concentrated aqueous brines. Charge transport was shown to be governed by fluidity, with no discontinuity between molar conductivity and fluidity irrespective of cation, charge density or ionic radius. By adjusting the activity of water and chloride ions, mass transport, speciation and reactivity can be altered. It has been shown that while brines provide a high chloride content at a lower viscosity than DESs, unlike DESs, brines are unable to prevent metal passivation due to their high water content. This results in the possibility to impart a level of selectivity towards metal dissolution (or passivation) when processing mixed metal materials. Forced convection can be used to avoid the issue of slow mass transport in viscous media, and the use of jets or targeted ultrasound are effective methods for overcoming this issue. High-powered ultrasound was applied to copper, cobalt, and aluminium electrodes undergoing anodic dissolution, and linear sweep voltammetry showed a linear current-voltage response at potentials anodic of the oxidation potential under sonication, with total charge passed being 5 to 134 times greater than under silent conditions. Application of ultrasound to silver and nickel electrodes displayed an initial linear current-voltage response, but the increased water content of the brines resulted in passivation. Mass transport throughout the bulk solution is governed by the forced convection imparted by the ultrasound and ionic species must only migrate across the electrical double layer. It is shown that the anodic dissolution of a range of metals classically expected to passivate, e.g. aluminium, can be significantly accelerated under insonation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip Hunt
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
| | | | - Minjun Yang
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
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Zhong J, Wang Z, Chen Y, Huan W, Shi M, Lei L, Yu X, Chen L. Determination of trace heavy metal elements in litterfall by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry after extraction using choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents. RSC Adv 2024; 14:22497-22503. [PMID: 39015667 PMCID: PMC11250127 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02573c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of a green, safe, and accurate sample preparation method for the determination of trace metal elements in environmental samples is of great importance. Choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were used to extract heavy metal elements from litterfall and the target analytes were measured using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Factors such as the type, ratio, dosage, and extraction time and temperature of the DESs were studied. A DES system based on choline chloride and maleic acid had the highest extraction efficiency of 98.5%, 88.4%, 90.2%, and 93.7% for Cd, Cu, Zn, and Fe. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection and limits of quantification were in the range of 0.04-0.70 and 0.13-2.30 mg kg-1. The repeatability (n = 3), estimated in terms of the relative standard deviation, ranged from 1.14% to 3.40%. The proposed method was validated for accuracy using GBW10087. Notably, the energy consumption of the newly developed method was only one-fifth that of a traditional acid digestion method. This work not only presents an environmentally friendly method for the determination of trace element concentrations in environmental samples but also deepens our understanding of DES systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlei Zhong
- Department of Optical Engineering, College of Optical, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University Hangzhou Zhejiang 311300 P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University Lin'an 311300 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Zhikun Wang
- Department of Optical Engineering, College of Optical, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University Hangzhou Zhejiang 311300 P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University Lin'an 311300 Zhejiang Province China
- Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang A&F University Lin'an 311300 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Yujie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University Lin'an 311300 Zhejiang Province China
- Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang A&F University Lin'an 311300 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Weiwei Huan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University Lin'an 311300 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Man Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University Lin'an 311300 Zhejiang Province China
- Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang A&F University Lin'an 311300 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Lixin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University Lin'an 311300 Zhejiang Province China
- Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang A&F University Lin'an 311300 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Xuejun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University Lin'an 311300 Zhejiang Province China
- Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang A&F University Lin'an 311300 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Optical Engineering, College of Optical, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University Hangzhou Zhejiang 311300 P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University Lin'an 311300 Zhejiang Province China
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5
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Bhattacharyya S, Roy S, Vajtai R. Emerging Processes for Sustainable Li-Ion Battery Cathode Recycling. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2400557. [PMID: 38922789 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The colossal growth in the use of Li-ion batteries (LiBs) has raised serious concerns over the supply chain of strategic minerals, e.g., Co, Ni, and Li, that make up the cathode active materials (CAM). Recycling spent LiBs is an important step toward sustainability that can establish a circular economy by effectively tackling large amounts of e-waste while ensuring an unhindered supply of critical minerals. Among the various methods of LiB recycling available, pyro- and hydrometallurgy have been utilized in the industry owing to their ease of operation and high efficiency, although they are associated with significant environmental concerns. Direct recycling, a more recent concept that aims to relithiate spent LiBs without disrupting the lattice structure of the CAMs, has been realized only in the laboratory scale so far and further optimization is required before it can be extended to the bulk scale. Additionally, significant progress has been made in the areas of hydrometallurgy in terms of using ecofriendly green lixiviants and alternate sources of energy, e.g., microwave and electrochemical, that makes the recycling processes more efficient and sustainable. In this review, the latest developments in LiB recycling are discussed that have focused on environmental and economic viability, as well as process intensification. These include deep eutectic solvent based recycling, electrochemical and microwave-assisted recycling, and various types of direct recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohini Bhattacharyya
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA
| | - Soumyabrata Roy
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA
- Department of Sustainable Energy Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India
| | - Robert Vajtai
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA
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6
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Svärd M, Ma C, Forsberg K, Schiavi PG. Addressing the Reuse of Deep Eutectic Solvents in Li-Ion Battery Recycling: Insights into Dissolution Mechanism, Metal Recovery, Regeneration and Decomposition. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400410. [PMID: 38727554 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have garnered attention in Li-ion battery (LIB) recycling due to their declared eco-friendly attributes and adjustable metal dissolution selectivity, offering a promising avenue for recycling processes. However, DESs currently lack competitiveness compared to mineral acids, commonly used in industrial-scale LIB recycling. Current research primarily focuses on optimizing DES formulation and experimental conditions to maximize metal dissolution yields in standalone leaching experiments. While achieving yields comparable to traditional leaching systems is important, extensive DES reuse is vital for overall recycling feasibility. To achieve this, evaluating the metal dissolution mechanism can assist in estimating DES consumption rates and assessing process makeup stream costs. The selection of appropriate metal recovery and DES regeneration strategies is essential to enable subsequent reuse over multiple cycles. Finally, decomposition of DES components should be avoided throughout the designed recycling process, as by-products can impact leaching efficiency and compromise the safety and environmental friendliness of DES. In this review, these aspects are emphasized with the aim of directing research efforts away from simply pursuing the maximization of metal dissolution efficiency, towards a broader view focusing on the application of DES beyond the laboratory scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Svärd
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Teknikringen 42, SE-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chunyan Ma
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Teknikringen 42, SE-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Forsberg
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Teknikringen 42, SE-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pier Giorgio Schiavi
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Chemistry, Piazzale Aldo Moro n.5, 00185, Rome, Italy
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7
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Bidari E, Winardhi CW, Godinho JRD, Frisch G. Role of Oxidants in Metal Extraction from Sulfide Minerals in a Deep Eutectic Solvent. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:14592-14603. [PMID: 38559972 PMCID: PMC10976405 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Metallurgical applications of deep eutectic solvents (DESs), known as ionometallurgy, have received significant research attention in recent years. While many studies claim that DESs are generally green and enhance process efficiency, others believe that industrial applications of ionometallurgy are generally not viable. Here, we report on leaching experiments of a sulfide flotation concentrate using ethaline, a chloride-based DES, in the presence of common oxidants. Following a mineral-based approach, we compare results with those obtained from aqueous chloride solutions to assess the influence of the leaching medium. We aim to contribute to a basic understanding of key differences between DESs and aqueous solutions and hope that this will help to make informed decisions about the suitability of DESs for leaching applications. Experiments were performed on a feed concentrate comprising a mixture of sulfide minerals along with substantial concentrations of Au, Ag, and Te. We found similar leaching behaviors for ethaline and aqueous solutions in nonoxidative leaching. However, when oxidizing agents were introduced, ethaline exhibited higher leaching efficiencies. Notably, the oxidation rate of pyrite in ethaline was very low, while chalcopyrite exhibited high oxidation rates. Furthermore, the results highlight significant variations in leaching rates depending on the type of oxidant, with the highest rate observed for I2, followed by CuCl2, and FeCl3. H2O2 and O2 were less effective. The leaching of gold-silver tellurides was possible in ethaline. This could be of particular significance, given that Au-Ag-Te compounds pose challenges in conventional cyanide treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Bidari
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Technische
Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Chandra Widyananda Winardhi
- Helmholtz
Zentrum-Dresden Rossendorf, Helmholtz Institute
Freiberg for Resource Technology, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | | | - Gero Frisch
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Technische
Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
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8
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Cheng J, Zheng C, Xu K, Zhu Y, Song Y, Jing C. Sequential separation of critical metals from lithium-ion batteries based on deep eutectic solvent and electrodeposition. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133157. [PMID: 38064943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The rise and development of electric vehicles have brought much attention to the recycling of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the recovery of critical metals from LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2 (NCM) is a challenge, especially for the nickel and cobalt, which have similar chemical properties. Here, a novel ternary deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of choline chloride, ethylene glycol, and tartaric acid was proposed. Our protocol of DES synthesis, nickel separation, and leaching of cobalt and manganese were integrated into one step, which significantly simplified the recovery process. The crystallization occurring during DES leaching was subjected to detailed investigation. The lithium, nickel, and cobalt were sequentially separated as Li2CO3, NiO, and Co(OH)2 by anterior formic acid leaching and posterior electrodeposition. After electrodeposition, DES was reused. This work provides new ideas for the sequential separation of critical metals from NCM and has great application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Cheng
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - Kun Xu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Youcai Zhu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Yue Song
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Chuanyong Jing
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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9
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Mishra S, Hunter TN, Pant KK, Harbottle D. Green Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) for Sustainable Metal Recovery from Thermally Treated PCBs: A Greener Alternative to Conventional Methods. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202301418. [PMID: 38189582 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Waste PCBs the core of e-waste is rich in copper, tin, zinc, iron, and nickel. Leaching base metals from PCB used to be done in toxic, corrosive acidic/alkali mediums. In this work, an environmentally friendly method for leaching metals from thermally treated PCBs (TPCBs) of mobile phones was proposed using choline chloride based deep eutectic solvents (DES). DES selectivity and solubility of metals from metal oxides were the main screening criteria. FA-ChCl had the maximum solubility of Cu, Fe, and Ni, while Urea-ChCl had high Zn selectivity and solubility. Oxalic acid has high selectivity for Sn. FA-ChCl extracted Cu and Fe best at 16 h, 100 °C, and 1/30 g/mL. Urea-ChCl extracted Zn (90.4±2.9 %) from TPCBs at 100 °C, 21 h, 1/20 g/mL, and 400 rpm. Oxalic acid (1 M) removed 92.3±2.1 % Sn from TPCBs in 1 h at 80 °C and 1/20 g/mL. The shrinking core model-based kinetic investigation of FA-ChCl for Cu extraction showed a diffusion-controlled process. The proposed method is greener than mineral acids utilized for metal extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Mishra
- Green and Sustainable Engineering Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Delhi, Hauz Khaz, Delhi, 110016, India
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS29JT, United Kingdom
| | - T N Hunter
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS29JT, United Kingdom
| | - K K Pant
- Green and Sustainable Engineering Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Delhi, Hauz Khaz, Delhi, 110016, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - David Harbottle
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS29JT, United Kingdom
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10
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Hammond OS, Bathke EK, Bowron DT, Edler KJ. Trace Water Changes Metal Ion Speciation in Deep Eutectic Solvents: Ce 3+ Solvation and Nanoscale Water Clustering in Choline Chloride-Urea-Water Mixtures. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:18069-18078. [PMID: 37862703 PMCID: PMC10630939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Eutectic mixtures of choline chloride, urea, and water in deep eutectic solvent (DES)/water molar hydration ratios (w) of 2, 5, and 10, with dissolved cerium salt, were measured using neutron diffraction with isotopic substitution. Structures were modeled using empirical potential structure refinement (EPSR). Ce3+ was found to form highly charged complexes with a mean coordination number between 7 and 8, with the shell containing mostly chloride, followed by water. The shell composition is strongly affected by the molar ratio of dilution, as opposed to the mass or volume fraction, due to the high affinity of Cl- and H2O ligands that displace less favorable interactions with ligands such as urea and choline. The presence of Ce3+ salt disrupted the bulk DES structure slightly, making it more electrolyte-like. The measured coordination shell of choline showed significant discrepancies from the statistical noninteracting distribution, highlighting the nonideality of the blend. Cluster analysis revealed the trace presence of percolating water clusters (25 ≥ n ≥ 2) in solvent compositions of 5 and 10w for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver S. Hammond
- Centre
for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University
of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
| | - Elly K. Bathke
- Centre
for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University
of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
| | - Daniel T. Bowron
- ISIS
Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology
Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K.
| | - Karen J. Edler
- Centre
for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University
of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
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11
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Patil S, Gupta SK, Goswami D, Gupta R. Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Highly Sensitive Turn-On Fluorescent Probe for D 2O. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:32444-32449. [PMID: 37720751 PMCID: PMC10500569 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the importance of heavy water in spectroscopy, nuclear energy generation, chemical characterization, and biological industry, a design of a robust, cheap, nontoxic, and sensitive D2O sensor is very important. In this work, taking advantage of the singular emission fluorescence of the deep eutectic solvent prepared in our laboratory, we propose a first of its kind highly sensitive turn-on fluorescent sensor to effectively sense D2O at an ultratrace level based on rapid exchange of the labile DES proton with deuterium. This method can be used as a full-range heavy water detection strategy with a limit of detection of 0.079% (v/v) or 870 ppm. The isotopic purity (IP) obtained from DES fluorescence measurements is also in close agreement with that of the conventional FT-IR method. The current DES-based sensor thus allows both sensing and isotopic purity of D2O and can serve as one of the most sensitive monitoring strategies for heavy water analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil
M. Patil
- Fuel
Chemistry Division, Radiochemistry Division, Bio Organic Division, Bhabha
Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Gupta
- Fuel
Chemistry Division, Radiochemistry Division, Bio Organic Division, Bhabha
Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Dibakar Goswami
- Fuel
Chemistry Division, Radiochemistry Division, Bio Organic Division, Bhabha
Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Ruma Gupta
- Fuel
Chemistry Division, Radiochemistry Division, Bio Organic Division, Bhabha
Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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12
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Bastos H, Schaeffer N, Pringle JM, Coutinho JAP, Pozo-Gonzalo C. Enhanced Dissolution of Metal Oxides in Hydroxylated Solvents - Towards Application in Lithium-Ion Battery Leaching. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300455. [PMID: 37317672 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The recovery of critical metals from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is rapidly growing. Current methods are energy-intensive and hazardous, while alternative solvent-based strategies require more studies on their 'green' character, metal dissolution mechanism and industrial applicability. Herein, we bridged this gap by studying the effect of dilute HCl solutions in hydroxylated solvents to dissolve Co, Ni and Mn oxides. Ethylene glycol emerged consistently as the most effective solvent, dissolving up to four times more Co and Ni oxides than using aqueous acidic media, attributed to improved chloro-complex formation and solvent effects. These effects had a significant contribution compared to acid type and concentration. The highest Co dissolution (0.27 M) was achieved in 0.5 M HCl in 25 % (v/v) glycerol in water, using less acid and a significant amount of water compared to other solvent systems, as well as mild temperatures (40 °C). This solvent was applied to dissolve battery cathode material, achieving 100 % dissolution of Co and Mn and 94 % dissolution of Ni, following what was concluded to be a mixed mechanism. These results offer a simple alternative to current leaching processes, reducing acid consumption, enhancing atomic efficiency, and paving the way for optimized industrial hydrometallurgical processes leaning to 'greener' strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Bastos
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia
| | - Nicolas Schaeffer
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-1933 -, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jennifer M Pringle
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia
| | - João A P Coutinho
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-1933 -, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Cristina Pozo-Gonzalo
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia
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13
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Daskalopoulou E, Hartley JM, Rivera RM, Zante G, Abbott AP. Anion effect on the redox properties of copper ions in ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:4854-4861. [PMID: 36692445 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04389k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
It has long been claimed that the anion of the DES or IL is critical for controlling the redox properties of metal ions. In this study we investigate the effect of different salt anions on the copper redox properties and speciation, and compare that with the effect of the different solvent anions, when a single copper salt is used in a range of solvents. It is shown that the effect of the solvent anion is much more significant than that of the salt anion on the redox properties. It is also found that copper species remain the same copper tetrachloride species despite the starting salt. An exception is seen for the copper(I) salt, which makes linear dichloride species, as well as the copper(II) acetate system, which displays concentration dependence. When the anion of the ionic liquid is changed, the copper species change correspondingly with the coordinating strength of the solvent anion, leading to a greater difference in redox response, which is due to the different species present. Thus, these speciation differences can be used to modify the redox potentials in the solution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Guillaume Zante
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
| | - Andrew P Abbott
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
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14
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Pinheiro DML, Bezerra LL, Alcanfor AAC, Feitosa FX, Monteiro NKV, Correia AN, de Lima Neto P, de Sant'Ana HB. Ag+ ion in choline chloride and glycerol mixture: Evaluation of electrochemical properties and molecular modelling approaches. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.121053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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15
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Zaytsev OI, Ehrenburg MR, Molodkina EB, Broekmann P, Rudnev AV. Over- and underpotential deposition of copper from a deep eutectic solvent: Pt(1 1 1) single crystal versus polycrystalline Pt substrates. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Hung TC, Liu YR, Chou PC, Lin CW, Hsieh YT. Electrochemical sensing of hydrazine using hollow Pd/Ag dendrites prepared by galvanic replacement from choline Chloride-based deep eutectic solvents. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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17
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Hartley JM, Scott S, Dilruba Z, Lucio AJ, Bird PJ, Harris RC, Jenkin GRT, Abbott AP. Iodine speciation in deep eutectic solvents. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:24105-24115. [PMID: 36178251 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03185j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Iodine has been shown to act as a good electrocatalyst for metal digestion in deep eutectic solvents (DESs) but little is known about its speciation or reactivity in these high chloride containing media. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy measurements were made at the iodine K-edge in a range of DESs with different glycolic or acidic hydrogen bond donors (HBDs), along with examining the effect of iodine concentration between 0.01 and 0.5 mol dm-3. Three groups of speciation were detected: mixed I2Cl-/I3- (glycol and lactic acid systems), mixed I3-/I2 (oxalic acid and urea systems), and singular I3- (levulinic acid system). UV-vis spectroscopy was used to confirm the speciation. Electrochemistry showed that iodine redox behaviour was unaffected by the changing speciation. Leaching data showed that metal oxidation was related not only to changing iodine speciation, but also the reactivity and coordination ability of the HBD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean Scott
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
| | - Zarfishan Dilruba
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
| | - Anthony J Lucio
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
| | - Philip J Bird
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Robert C Harris
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Gawen R T Jenkin
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Andrew P Abbott
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
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18
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Schiavi PG, Altimari P, Sturabotti E, Giacomo Marrani A, Simonetti G, Pagnanelli F. Decomposition of Deep Eutectic Solvent Aids Metals Extraction in Lithium-Ion Batteries Recycling. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200966. [PMID: 35877940 PMCID: PMC9804844 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The application of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) to dissolve metal oxides in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) recycling represents a green technological alternative to the mineral acids employed in hydrometallurgical recycling processes. However, DESs are much more expensive than mineral acids and must be reused to ensure economic feasibility of LIB recycling. To evaluate DES reusability, the role of the choline chloride-ethylene glycol DES decomposition products on metal oxides dissolution was investigated. The temperatures generally applied to carry on this DES leaching induced the formation of decomposition products that ultimately improved the ability to dissolve LIB metal oxides. The characterization of DES decomposition products revealed that the improved metal dissolution was mainly determined by the formation of Cl3 - , which was proposed to play a pivotal role in the oxidative dissolution of LIB metal oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Giorgio Schiavi
- Department of ChemistrySapienza University of RomePiazzale Aldo Moro n.500185RomeItaly
| | - Pietro Altimari
- Department of ChemistrySapienza University of RomePiazzale Aldo Moro n.500185RomeItaly
| | - Elisa Sturabotti
- Department of ChemistrySapienza University of RomePiazzale Aldo Moro n.500185RomeItaly
| | | | - Giulia Simonetti
- Department of ChemistrySapienza University of RomePiazzale Aldo Moro n.500185RomeItaly
| | - Francesca Pagnanelli
- Department of ChemistrySapienza University of RomePiazzale Aldo Moro n.500185RomeItaly
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19
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Lu B, Du R, Wang G, Wang Y, Dong S, Zhou D, Wang S, Li C. High-efficiency leaching of valuable metals from waste Li-ion batteries using deep eutectic solvents. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113286. [PMID: 35452672 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With the penetration of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) into electric vehicles, the recycling of waste LIBs is inevitable from the perspective of health, economy and environmental protection. Herein is reported a novel green method for extracting valuable metals from the cathode of LIBs, in which the Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) is used as leachate to dissolve electrode material waste. Mixing choline chloride (ChCl) and malonic acid is helpful to effectively improve the reduction ability of DES, resulting in superior leaching efficiency. At the lower temperature (100 °C), the leaching efficiency of cobalt and lithium reached up to 98.61% and 98.78%, respectively. X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy demonstrated that DESs could act as both leachate and reducing agent, which could destroy the covalent bonds of metal oxides to form a cobalt (II)-chlorine complex. This method is straightforward to operate and does not involve the additional reducing agents, which is held promise to bring economic and sustainable development prospects in the field of lithium battery development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Lu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523106, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Rong Du
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, China
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523106, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yuwei Wang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523106, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuangshi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Dandan Zhou
- Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery of Jilin Province, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Shiyong Wang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523106, Guangdong, China
| | - Changping Li
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523106, Guangdong, China.
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20
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Patil SM, Rao Dumpala RM, Goswami D, Dawar R, Gupta R. Mechanistic Approach to Reveal Interaction of Uranyl Ions in Alkyltriphenylphosphonium Bromide-Based Deep Eutectic Solvent. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:12599-12609. [PMID: 35916667 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Speciation is known to control fundamental aspects of metal processing and electrochemical behavior such as solubility and redox potentials. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are an emerging class of green, low-cost and designer solvents and are being explored as alternatives for recycling nuclear fuel and critical materials. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the behavior of metals in them. Here, for the first time, we synthesized three new DESs based on alkyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (CnPPh3Br), with varied alkyl chain lengths (n), as the hydrogen-bond acceptor along with decanoic acid (DA) as the hydrogen-bond donor and explored the redox speciation of uranyl nitrate. The changes in the Fourier transform infrared and NMR spectra helped elucidate the formation of hydrogen bonds in DES. The absorption maxima of uranyl in DES was red-shifted by 10 nm compared to the free uranyl, with concomitant increase in intensity and luminescence lifetime, which suggested a strong interaction of uranyl nitrate with DES. Cyclic voltammetry was probed to understand the redox thermodynamics, transport properties, and heterogeneous electron transfer kinetics of the irreversible electron transfer of uranyl ions in the three DESs. Electrochemical and spectroscopic techniques together with density functional theory calculations unlocked microscopic insights into the solvation and speciation of UO22+ ions in three DESs and also the associated unusual trends observed in the physical properties of the DESs. The hydrogen-bonded structure of DES plays a crucial role in the redox behavior of the UO22+ ion due to its strong potent complexation with its components. The basic findings of the present work can have far-reaching consequences for the extraction, electrochemical separation, and future development of redox-based separation processes in the nuclear fuel cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil M Patil
- Fuel Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - Rama Mohana Rao Dumpala
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India.,Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Dibakar Goswami
- Bio Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - Rimpi Dawar
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Ruma Gupta
- Fuel Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
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21
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Chang X, Fan M, Gu CF, He WH, Meng Q, Wan LJ, Guo YG. Selective Extraction of Transition Metals from Spent LiNi x Co y Mn 1-x-y O 2 Cathode via Regulation of Coordination Environment. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202558. [PMID: 35305061 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of chemical compounds in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) results in great difficulties in the extraction of multiple transition metals, which have similar physicochemical characteristics. Here, we propose a novel strategy for selective extraction of nickel, cobalt, and manganese from spent LiNix Coy Mn1-x-y O2 (NCM) cathode through the regulation of coordination environment. Depending on adjusting the composition of ligand in transition metal complexes, a tandem leaching and separation system is designed and finally enables nickel, cobalt, and manganese to enrich in the form of NiO, Co3 O4 , and Mn3 O4 with high recovery yields of 99.1 %, 95.1 %, and 95.3 %, respectively. We further confirm that the combination of different transition metals with well-designed ligands is the key to good selectivity. Through our work, fine-tuning the coordination environment of metal ions is proved to have great prospects in the battery recycling industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Min Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chao-Fan Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Huan He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qinghai Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Guo Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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22
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Busato M, Tofoni A, Mannucci G, Tavani F, Del Giudice A, Colella A, Giustini M, D'Angelo P. On the Role of Water in the Formation of a Deep Eutectic Solvent Based on NiCl 2·6H 2O and Urea. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:8843-8853. [PMID: 35616906 PMCID: PMC9199011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The metal-based deep
eutectic solvent (MDES) formed by NiCl2·6H2O and urea in 1:3.5 molar ratio has been
prepared for the first time and characterized from a structural point
of view. Particular accent has been put on the role of water in the
MDES formation, since the eutectic could not be obtained with the
anhydrous form of the metal salt. To this end, mixtures at different
water/MDES molar ratios (W) have been studied with
a combined approach exploiting molecular dynamics and ab initio simulations, UV–vis and near-infra-red spectroscopies, small-
and wide-angle X-ray scattering, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy
measurements. In the pure MDES, a close packing of Ni2+ ion clusters forming oligomeric agglomerates is present thanks to
the mediation of bridging chloride anions and water molecules. Conversely,
urea poorly coordinates the metal ion and is mostly found in the interstitial
regions among the Ni2+ ion oligomers. This nanostructure
is disrupted upon the introduction of additional water, which enlarges
the Ni–Ni distances and dilutes the system up to an aqueous
solution of the MDES constituents. In the NiCl2·6H2O 1:3.5 MDES, the Ni2+ ion is coordinated on average
by one chloride anion and five water molecules, while water easily
saturates the metal solvation sphere to provide a hexa-aquo coordination
for increasing W values. This multidisciplinary study
allowed us to reconstruct the structural arrangement of the MDES and
its aqueous mixtures on both short- and intermediate-scale levels,
clarifying the fundamental role of water in the eutectic formation
and challenging the definition at the base of these complex systems. The metal-based deep eutectic solvent
formed by NiCl2·6H2O and urea in 1:3.5
a molar ratio was
prepared for the first time, and its aqueous mixtures were characterized
from a structural point of view, highlighting the fundamental role
of water in the eutectic formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Busato
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome "La Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Alessandro Tofoni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome "La Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Giorgia Mannucci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome "La Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Francesco Tavani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome "La Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Alessandra Del Giudice
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome "La Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Andrea Colella
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome "La Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Mauro Giustini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome "La Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Paola D'Angelo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome "La Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
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23
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Chang X, Fan M, Gu CF, He WH, Meng Q, Wan LJ, Guo YG. Selective Extraction of Transition Metals from Spent LiNixCoyMn1‐x‐yO2 Cathode via Regulation of Coordination Environment. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chang
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology CHINA
| | - Min Fan
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology CHINA
| | - Chao-Fan Gu
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology CHINA
| | - Wei-Huan He
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology CHINA
| | - Qinghai Meng
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology CHINA
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology CHINA
| | - Yu-Guo Guo
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology Zhongguancun North First Street No. 2 100190 Beijing CHINA
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24
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Phi TL, Nguyen ST, Van Hieu N, Palomar-Pardavé M, Morales-Gil P, Le Manh T. Insights into Electronucleation and Electrodeposition of Nickel from a Non-aqueous Solvent Based on NiCl 2·6H 2O Dissolved in Ethylene Glycol. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:5099-5111. [PMID: 35289600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This work deals with nickel electronucleation and growth processes onto a glassy carbon electrode from NiCl2·6H2O dissolved in ethylene glycol (EG) solutions with and without 250 mM NaCl as a supporting electrolyte. The physicochemical properties of EG solutions, namely, viscosity and conductivity, were determined for different Ni(II) concentrations. From cyclic voltammetry, it was found that in the absence of the supporting electrolyte, the cathodic efficiency of Ni electrodeposition is about 88%; however, in the presence of the supporting electrolyte, the cathodic efficiency was reduced to 26% due to water (added along the supporting electrolyte) reduction on the growing surfaces of Ni nuclei. This side reaction produced both H2(g) and OH- ions. Part of the former was occluded in Ni, and the latter reacted with Ni(II) ions in EG forming passivation products such as Ni(OH)2(s). Moreover, it was shown that metallic Ni did not catalyze the EG reduction in this system. From chronoamperometry, it was shown that in the absence of the supporting electrolyte, the amount of Ni electrodeposits, for the same overpotential and time, was higher than in the presence of the supporting electrolyte. The j-t plots recorded in the latter system, for different Ni(II) concentrations, were analyzed using a model which involves a contribution due to multiple 3D nucleation and diffusion-controlled growth and another related to the simultaneous reduction of water on the Ni nuclei growing surfaces. This model allows not only the quantification of the Ni nucleation kinetic parameters but also the effective deconvolution of the individual contributions to the total current; thus, from the integration of the j-t plots of these contributions, it was demonstrated that the charge amount of each process depends on the Ni(II) concentration. Scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the presence of pure Ni nanoparticles electrodeposited on the electrode surface. Moreover, X-ray measurements verified the formation of a high-crystallinity face-centered cubic structure with preferred orientation growth on the ⟨111⟩ direction, which were also corroborated by the magnetic measurement performed in a physical property measurement system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy-Linh Phi
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Phenikaa University, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam
| | - Son Tang Nguyen
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Phenikaa University, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Van Hieu
- Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Phenikaa Institute for Advanced Study, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha-Dong District, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam
| | - Manuel Palomar-Pardavé
- Departamento de Materiales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Azcapotzalco, Reynosa-Tamaulipas, México City 02200, C.P., Mexico
| | - Perla Morales-Gil
- Laboratorio de Caracterización de Materiales Sintéticos y Naturales, Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo, Ciudad de México 07730, C.P., Mexico
| | - Tu Le Manh
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Phenikaa University, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam.,Phenikaa Research and Technology Institute (PRATI), A&A Green Phoenix Group, 167 Hoang Ngan, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
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25
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Grasser MA, Pietsch T, Brunner E, Ruck M. Exploration of metal sulfide syntheses and the dissolution process of antimony sulfide in phosphonium-based ionic liquids. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:4079-4086. [PMID: 35179150 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt04165g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs), especially task-specific ILs, are capable of dissolving various solids at moderate temperatures without the need for special reaction vessels. Direct synthesis of binary sulfides of B, Bi, Ge, Mo, Cu, Au, Sn, In, Ti, V, Fe, Co, Ga, Ni, Al, Zn, and Sb in [P66614]Cl was tested at 100 °C, i.e. below the melting point of sulfur. Under these conditions, substantial sulfide formation occurred only for nickel (Ni3S4, Ni3S2, NiS) and copper (Cu2S, CuS). Sb showed no formation of crystalline sulfide, but after addition of EtOH, an orange material precipitated which was identified as amorphous metastibnite. Subsequently, the dissolution of antimony sulfide (Sb2S3), the main source of antimony production, in the phosphonium-based ILs [P66614][OAc] and [P66614]Cl at 100 °C was studied in detail. The dissolution proceeds without H2S evolution, and amorphous Sb2S3 can be precipitated from these solutions. Heating Sb2S3 in the Lewis-acidic IL [BMIm]Cl·4.7AlCl3 led to the crystallization of [Sb13S16Cl2][AlCl4]5, which contains a new quadruple heterocubane cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias A Grasser
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Tobias Pietsch
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Eike Brunner
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Michael Ruck
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany. .,Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Str. 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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26
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Amphlett JM, Lee Y, Yang W, Kang D, Sung NE, Park J, Jung EC, Choi S. Spectroscopic Study into Lanthanide Speciation in Deep Eutectic Solvents. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:921-932. [PMID: 35036756 PMCID: PMC8756809 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents are a new class of green solvents that are being explored as an alternative for used nuclear fuel and critical material recycling. However, there is a paucity of knowledge regarding metal behavior in them. This paper explores the underlying chemistry of rare-earth elements in choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents by using a multi-technique spectroscopic methodology. Results show that speciation is highly dependent on the choice of the hydrogen-bond donor. Collected EXAFS data showed Ln3+ coordination with ethylene glycol and urea in their respective solvents and coordination with chloride in the lactic acid system. Generalized coordination environments were determined to be [LnL4-5], [LnL7-10], and [LnL5-6] in the ethylene glycol, urea, and lactic acid systems, respectively. Collected UV/vis spectra for Nd3+ and Er3+ showed variations with changing solvents, showing that Ln-Cl interactions do not dominate in these systems. Luminescence studies were consistent, showing varying emission spectra with varying solvent systems. The shortest luminescent lifetimes were observed in the choline chloride-ethylene glycol deep eutectic solvent, suggesting coordination through O-H groups. Combining all collected data allowed Eu3+ coordination geometries to be assigned.
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Affiliation(s)
- James
T. M. Amphlett
- Nuclear
and Quantum Engineering Department, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunu Lee
- Nuclear
and Quantum Engineering Department, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonseok Yang
- Nuclear
and Quantum Engineering Department, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dokyu Kang
- Nuclear
and Quantum Engineering Department, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Nark-Eon Sung
- Pohang
Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyeong Park
- School
of Mechanical, Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic
of Korea
| | - Euo Chang Jung
- Nuclear
Chemistry Research Team, Korea Atomic Energy
Research Institute, 111 Daedeok-daero 989 beon-gil, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34057, Republic
of Korea
| | - Sungyeol Choi
- Department
of Nuclear Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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27
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Hartley JM, Allen J, Meierl J, Schmidt A, Krossing I, Abbott AP. Calcium chloride-based systems for metal electrodeposition. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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28
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KARIM WO. Electropolishing of Pure Metallic Nickel and Cobalt in Choline Chloride-propylene Glycol Eutectic Liquid: An Electrochemical Study Using AFM and SEM. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.22-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wrya O. KARIM
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, University of Sulaimani
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29
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Li L, Sheng S, Wang H, Qu T, Hou D, Wang D, Sheng M. Electrodeposition of
Ni‐P
alloy from deep eutectic solvent and its electrocatalytic activity toward hydrogen evolution reaction. CAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- School of Iron and Steel, Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Shizhan Sheng
- School of Iron and Steel, Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Huihua Wang
- School of Iron and Steel, Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Tianpeng Qu
- School of Iron and Steel, Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Dong Hou
- School of Iron and Steel, Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Deyong Wang
- School of Iron and Steel, Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Minqi Sheng
- School of Iron and Steel, Soochow University Suzhou China
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30
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Plaza-Mayoral E, Sebastián-Pascual P, Dalby KN, Jensen KD, Chorkendorff I, Falsig H, Escudero-Escribano M. Preparation of high surface area Cu‐Au bimetallic nanostructured materials by co‐electrodeposition in a deep eutectic solvent. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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31
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JUMA JA, KARIM WO, AZIZ SA, OMER KM. Cobalt Electroplating in Choline Chloride-ethylene Glycol: A Comparative Study. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.21-00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jamil A. JUMA
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Health, Koya University
| | - Wrya O. KARIM
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, University of Sulaimani
| | - Shujahadeen A. AZIZ
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani
| | - Khalid M. OMER
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, University of Sulaimani
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32
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Ahmed EI, Ryder KS, Abbott AP. Corrosion of iron, nickel and aluminium in deep eutectic solvents. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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33
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Alesary HF, Ismail HK, Hameid Odda A, Watkins MJ, Arkan Majhool A, Ballantyne AD, Ryder KS. Influence of different concentrations of nicotinic acid on the electrochemical fabrication of copper film from an ionic liquid based on the complexation of choline chloride-ethylene glycol. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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34
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Hammons JA, Besford QA, Ilavsky J, Christofferson AJ. Manipulating meso-scale solvent structure from Pd nanoparticle deposits in deep eutectic solvents. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:074505. [PMID: 34418930 DOI: 10.1063/5.0058605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) are complex solutions that present unique challenges compared to traditional solvents. Unlike most aqueous electrolytes and ionic liquids, DESs have delicate hydrogen bond networks that are responsible for their highly sensitive compositional dependence on the melting point. Prior work has demonstrated a unique nanoscale structure both experimentally and theoretically that brings both challenges and opportunities to their adoption in traditional electrochemical processes. In this study, we use in situ sample-rotated ultra-small angle x-ray scattering to resolve the near-interface solvent structure after electrodepositing Pd nanoparticles onto a glassy carbon electrode in choline chloride:urea and choline chloride:ethylene glycol DESs. Our results indicate that a hierarchical solvent structure can be observed on the meso-scale in the choline chloride:urea and choline chloride:ethylene glycol systems. Importantly, this extended solvent structure increases between -0.3 V and -0.5 V (vs Ag/AgCl) and remains high until -0.9 V (vs Ag/AgCl). Experimentally, the nature of this structure is more pronounced in the ethylene glycol system, as evidenced by both the x-ray scattering and the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Molecular dynamics simulations and dipolar orientation analysis reveal that chloride delocalization near the Pd interface and long-range interactions between the choline and each hydrogen bond donor (HBD) are very different and qualitatively consistent with the experimental data. These results show how the long-range solvent-deposit interactions can be tuned by changing the HBD in the DES and the applied potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Hammons
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Quinn A Besford
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung e. V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Ilavsky
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
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35
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Amphlett J, Choi S. The effect of increasing water content on transition metal speciation in deep eutectic solvents. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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36
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Kim K, Candeago R, Rim G, Raymond D, Park AHA, Su X. Electrochemical approaches for selective recovery of critical elements in hydrometallurgical processes of complex feedstocks. iScience 2021; 24:102374. [PMID: 33997673 PMCID: PMC8091062 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical minerals are essential for the ever-increasing urban and industrial activities in modern society. The shift to cost-efficient and ecofriendly urban mining can be an avenue to replace the traditional linear flow of virgin-mined materials. Electrochemical separation technologies provide a sustainable approach to metal recovery, through possible integration with renewable energy, the minimization of external chemical input, as well as reducing secondary pollution. In this review, recent advances in electrochemically mediated technologies for metal recovery are discussed, with a focus on rare earth elements and other key critical materials for the modern circular economy. Given the extreme heterogeneity of hydrometallurgically-derived media of complex feedstocks, we focus on the nature of molecular selectivity in various electrochemically assisted recovery techniques. Finally, we provide a perspective on the challenges and opportunities for process intensification in critical materials recycling, especially through combining electrochemical and hydrometallurgical separation steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwiyong Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Riccardo Candeago
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Guanhe Rim
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.,Lenfest Center for Sustainable Energy, The Earth Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Darien Raymond
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Ah-Hyung Alissa Park
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.,Lenfest Center for Sustainable Energy, The Earth Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Xiao Su
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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37
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Migliorati V, Fazio G, Pollastri S, Gentili A, Tomai P, Tavani F, D'Angelo P. Solubilization properties and structural characterization of dissociated HgO and HgCl2 in deep eutectic solvents. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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38
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Cao X, Wang S, Xue X. A Zn-Ce Redox Flow Battery with Ethaline Deep Eutectic Solvent. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:1747-1755. [PMID: 33547738 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Compared with conventional aqueous and ionic liquid electrolytes, deep eutectic solvent (DES) are considered as electrolyte for redox flow batteries because they have a wider electrochemical window and relatively low price. In this study, CeIV /CeIII and ZnII /Zn redox couples are used as the positive and negative active materials, respectively, in an electrolyte consisting of choline chloride ethylene glycol (ethaline). The structure of CeIII in the positive electrolyte is inferred through spectrum detection. CeIV /CeIII and ZnII /Zn redox couples show a stable potential difference of 2.2 V (vs. Ag) through cyclic voltammetry. The charge and discharge performance of battery was tested at different current densities. In addition, battery performance was evaluated at different temperatures and concentrations of cerium in the electrolyte. Consequently, at a current density of 0.5 mA cm-2 at room temperature and using 1.0 m CeIII , the battery performance reaches the best coulombic efficiency of 84 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou Cao
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, P. R. China
| | - Song Wang
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, P. R. China
| | - Xiangxin Xue
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, P. R. China
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39
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40
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High quality mirror finish fabrication of nickel electrodeposited using hydantoin from a mixture of choline chloride-ethylene glycol. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.102966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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41
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Hammond OS, Atri RS, Bowron DT, de Campo L, Diaz-Moreno S, Keenan LL, Doutch J, Eslava S, Edler KJ. Structural evolution of iron forming iron oxide in a deep eutectic-solvothermal reaction. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:1723-1737. [PMID: 33428701 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08372k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DES) and their hydrated mixtures are used for solvothermal routes towards greener functional nanomaterials. Here we present the first static structural and in situ studies of the formation of iron oxide (hematite) nanoparticles in a DES of choline chloride : urea where xurea = 0.67 (aka. reline) as an exemplar solvothermal reaction, and observe the effects of water on the reaction. The initial speciation of Fe3+ in DES solutions was measured using extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), while the atomistic structure of the mixture was resolved from neutron and X-ray diffraction and empirical potential structure refinement (EPSR) modelling. The reaction was monitored using in situ small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), to determine mesoscale changes, and EXAFS, to determine local rearrangements of order around iron ions. It is shown that iron salts form an octahedral [Fe(L)3(Cl)3] complex where (L) represents various O-containing ligands. Solubilised Fe3+ induced subtle structural rearrangements in the DES due to abstraction of chloride into complexes and distortion of H-bonding around complexes. EXAFS suggests the complex forms [-O-Fe-O-] oligomers by reaction with the products of thermal hydrolysis of urea, and is thus pseudo-zero-order in iron. In the hydrated DES, the reaction, nucleation and growth proceeds rapidly, whereas in the pure DES, the reaction initially proceeds quickly, but suddenly slows after 5000 s. In situ SANS and static small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments reveal that nanoparticles spontaneously nucleate after 5000 s of reaction time in the pure DES before slow growth. Contrast effects observed in SANS measurements suggest that hydrated DES preferentially form 1D particle morphologies because of choline selectively capping surface crystal facets to direct growth along certain axes, whereas capping is restricted by the solvent structure in the pure DES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver S Hammond
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Doctoral Training in Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
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42
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KARIM WO, JUMA JA, OMER KM, HAMA AZIZ KH, SALAH YM, AZIZ SB. Effect of Copper Ion and Water on Anodic Dissolution of Metallic Copper in a Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES). ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.20-00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wrya O. KARIM
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, University of Sulaimani
| | - Jamil A. JUMA
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Health, Koya University
| | - Khalid M. OMER
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, University of Sulaimani
| | | | - Yousif M. SALAH
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, University of Sulaimani
| | - Shujahadeen B. AZIZ
- Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani
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43
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Dao Vu Phuong T, Quynh LM, Viet NN, Thong LV, Son NT, Pham VH, Tam PD, Nguyen VH, Le Manh T. Effect of temperature on the mechanisms and kinetics of cobalt electronucleation and growth onto glassy carbon electrode using reline deep eutectic solvent. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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44
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Vargas SJR, Passos H, Schaeffer N, Coutinho JAP. Integrated Leaching and Separation of Metals Using Mixtures of Organic Acids and Ionic Liquids. Molecules 2020; 25:E5570. [PMID: 33260955 PMCID: PMC7729566 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the aqueous phase diagram for the mixture of the hydrophilic tributyltetradecyl phosphonium ([P44414]Cl) ionic liquid with acetic acid (CH3COOH) is determined, and the temperature dependency of the biphasic region established. Molecular dynamic simulations of the [P44414]Cl + CH3COOH + H2O system indicate that the occurrence of a closed "type 0" biphasic regime is due to a "washing-out" phenomenon upon addition of water, resulting in solvophobic segregation of the [P44414]Cl. The solubility of various metal oxides in the anhydrous [P44414]Cl + CH3COOH system was determined, with the system presenting a good selectivity for CoO. Integration of the separation step was demonstrated through the addition of water, yielding a biphasic regime. Finally, the [P44414]Cl + CH3COOH system was applied to the treatment of real waste, NiMH battery black mass, being shown that it allows an efficient separation of Co(II) from Ni(II), Fe(III) and the lanthanides in a single leaching and separation step.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicolas Schaeffer
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.J.R.V.); (H.P.); (J.A.P.C.)
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45
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Probing Ni2+ and Co2+ speciation in carboxylic acid based deep eutectic solvents using UV/Vis and FT-IR spectroscopy. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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46
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Varandili SB, Stoian D, Vavra J, Pankhurst J, Buonsanti R. Ligand-mediated formation of Cu/metal oxide hybrid nanocrystals with tunable number of interfaces. Chem Sci 2020; 11:13094-13101. [PMID: 34094491 PMCID: PMC8163200 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04739b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Combining domains of different chemical nature within the same hybrid material through the formation of heterojunctions provides the opportunity to exploit the properties of each individual component within the same nano-object; furthermore, new synergistic properties will often arise as a result of unique interface interactions. However, synthetic strategies enabling precise control over the final architecture of multicomponent objects still remain scarce for certain classes of materials. Herein, we report on the formation of Cu/MO x (M = Ce, Zn and Zr) hybrid nanocrystals with a tunable number of interfaces between the two domains. We demonstrate that the organic ligands employed during the synthesis play a key role in regulating the final configuration. Finally, we show that the synthesized nanocrystals serve as materials platforms to investigate the impact of the Cu/metal oxide interfaces in applications by focusing on the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction as one representative example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Behnaz Varandili
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry for Energy (LNCE), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne CH-1950 Sion Switzerland
| | - Dragos Stoian
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry for Energy (LNCE), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne CH-1950 Sion Switzerland
| | - Jan Vavra
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry for Energy (LNCE), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne CH-1950 Sion Switzerland
| | - James Pankhurst
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry for Energy (LNCE), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne CH-1950 Sion Switzerland
| | - Raffaella Buonsanti
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry for Energy (LNCE), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne CH-1950 Sion Switzerland
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47
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Effects of additives on the electrodeposition of Zn Sn alloys from choline chloride/ethylene glycol-based deep eutectic solvent. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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48
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Liu C, Yan Q, Zhang X, Lei L, Xiao C. Efficient Recovery of End-of-Life NdFeB Permanent Magnets by Selective Leaching with Deep Eutectic Solvents. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:10370-10379. [PMID: 32673480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The NdFeB permanent magnet is a critical material in digital electronics and clean energy industry. Traditional recovery processes based on the solvent extraction technique would consume high energy and large amounts of chemicals as well as resulting in abundant secondary organic wastes. In this work, a green process using deep eutectic solvents (DESs) in the selective leaching technology was designed to recover NdFeB permanent magnets. Nine kinds of DESs composed of guanidine were prepared and screened as the leachants. The guanidine hydrochloride-lactic acid (GUC-LAC) combined DES achieved the highest separation factor (>1300) between neodymium and iron through simple dissolution of their corresponding oxide mixture. The mass concentration of Nd dissolved in the GUC-LAC DES could reach 6.7 × 104 ppm. The viscosity of this type of DES at 50 °C was 36 cP, which was comparable to many common organic solvents. In a practical recovery of roasted magnet powders, the Nd2O3 product with 99% purity was facilely obtained with only one dissolution step, followed by a stripping process with oxalic acid. Even after 3 cycles, the GUC-LAC DES kept the same dissolution property and chemical stability. With such superior performances in selective leaching of rare earth elements from transition metals, the GUC-LAC DES is greatly promising in the rare earth element recovery field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanying Liu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Qibin Yan
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingwang Zhang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 78 Jiuhua Boulevard North, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lecheng Lei
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 78 Jiuhua Boulevard North, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengliang Xiao
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 78 Jiuhua Boulevard North, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, People's Republic of China
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49
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Shi Y, Ji Y, Long J, Liang Y, Liu Y, Yu Y, Xiao J, Zhang B. Unveiling hydrocerussite as an electrochemically stable active phase for efficient carbon dioxide electroreduction to formate. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3415. [PMID: 32641692 PMCID: PMC7343827 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17120-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
For most metal-containing CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) electrocatalysts, the unavoidable self-reduction to zero-valence metal will promote hydrogen evolution, hence lowering the CO2RR selectivity. Thus it is challenging to design a stable phase with resistance to electrochemical self-reduction as well as high CO2RR activity. Herein, we report a scenario to develop hydrocerussite as a stable and active electrocatalyst via in situ conversion of a complex precursor, tannin-lead(II) (TA-Pb) complex. A comprehensive characterization reveals the in situ transformation of TA-Pb to cerussite (PbCO3), and sequentially to hydrocerussite (Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2), which finally serves as a stable and active phase under CO2RR condition. Both experiments and theoretical calculations confirm the high activity and selectivity over hydrocerussite. This work not only offers a new approach of enhancing the selectivity in CO2RR by suppressing the self-reduction of electrode materials, but also provides a strategy for studying the reaction mechanism and active phases of electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Shi
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yan Ji
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jun Long
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Yu Liang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Analysis and Testing Center, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yifu Yu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jianping Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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Vukmirovic MB, Adzic RR, Akolkar R. Copper Electrodeposition from Deep Eutectic Solvents-Voltammetric Studies Providing Insights into the Role of Substrate: Platinum vs Glassy Carbon. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:5465-5475. [PMID: 32497430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c02735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report on the effect of the substrate on electrochemical deposition of Cu from deep eutectic solvent ethaline. We investigated the polarization behavior during electrodeposition of Cu on Pt and glassy carbon (GC) from both Cu2+ and Cu+ containing ethaline using cyclic voltammetry (CV). Formation of bulk Cu deposits on both substrates underwent nucleation and growth processes; however, the nucleation was considerably sluggish on GC compared to Pt. While experiments in Cu+ solutions indicated that coalescence of Cu islands on Pt is a slow process and that its surface may not be fully covered by Cu, such determination of Cu coverage could not be made on GC. Cu dissolution is also slower from GC than from Pt. It was observed that CV of Cu deposition on GC is influenced by the surface preparation method. Since ethaline has high chloride concentration, a parallel study in aqueous 3 M NaCl solution was conducted in order to examine the influence of the chloride medium on the electrodeposition process. This revealed that electrodeposition in both media occurred in the same manner but with different charge and mass transfer rates caused by the differences in viscosity and chloride concentrations of the two solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miomir B Vukmirovic
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton New York 11973, United States
| | - Radoslav R Adzic
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton New York 11973, United States
| | - Rohan Akolkar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland Ohio 44106, United States
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