1
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Neuhaus D. Zinc finger structure determination by NMR: Why zinc fingers can be a handful. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 130-131:62-105. [PMID: 36113918 PMCID: PMC7614390 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Zinc fingers can be loosely defined as protein domains containing one or more tetrahedrally-co-ordinated zinc ions whose role is to stabilise the structure rather than to be involved in enzymatic chemistry; such zinc ions are often referred to as "structural zincs". Although structural zincs can occur in proteins of any size, they assume particular significance for very small protein domains, where they are often essential for maintaining a folded state. Such small structures, that sometimes have only marginal stability, can present particular difficulties in terms of sample preparation, handling and structure determination, and early on they gained a reputation for being resistant to crystallisation. As a result, NMR has played a more prominent role in structural studies of zinc finger proteins than it has for many other types of proteins. This review will present an overview of the particular issues that arise for structure determination of zinc fingers by NMR, and ways in which these may be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Neuhaus
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
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2
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Kluska K, Veronesi G, Deniaud A, Hajdu B, Gyurcsik B, Bal W, Krężel A. Structures of Silver Fingers and a Pathway to Their Genotoxicity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116621. [PMID: 35041243 PMCID: PMC9303758 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we demonstrated that AgI can directly replace ZnII in zinc fingers (ZFs). The cooperative binding of AgI to ZFs leads to a thermodynamically irreversible formation of silver clusters destroying the native ZF structure. Thus, a reported loss of biological function of ZF proteins is a likely consequence of such replacement. Here, we report an X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) study of Agn Sn clusters formed in ZFs to probe their structural features. Selective probing of the local environment around AgI by XAS showed the predominance of digonal AgI coordination to two sulfur donors, coordinated with an average Ag-S distance at 2.41 Å. No Ag-N bonds were present. A mixed AgS2 /AgS3 geometry was found solely in the CCCH AgI -ZF. We also show that cooperative replacement of ZnII ions with the studied Ag2 S2 clusters occurred in a three-ZF transcription factor protein 1MEY#, leading to a dissociation of 1MEY# from the complex with its cognate DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kluska
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Giulia Veronesi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Aurélien Deniaud
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Bálint Hajdu
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Béla Gyurcsik
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Wojciech Bal
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Krężel
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
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3
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Mo F, Li H, Li Y, Ma C, Wang M, Li Z, Deng N, Zhang C, Xing B, Xu J, Li G, Wang L, Zheng Y, Yang Y. Exploration of defense and tolerance mechanisms in dominant species of mining area - Trifolium pratense L. upon exposure to silver. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 811:151380. [PMID: 34780825 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This present study investigated detoxification mechanisms of leguminous forage Trifolium pratense L. (red clover) seedlings upon exposure to Ag ions (Ag+) on an atomic level. Depressed plant growth (maximum inhibition rate: 46.57%) and significantly altered antioxidase/antioxidant substances levels (maximum inhibition rate: 65.45%/55.41%) revealed that the physiological metabolism was disturbed. Notable lesions were observed in both leaf and root cells at 588 μM Ag+ treatment. All differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were remarkably mapped to biological metabolism related pathways. Red clover seedlings were speculated to initially transform and immobilize Ag+ in the culture medium, then transporting and fixing them inside the cell, mainly as unreduced Ag+ bound to oxygen-, nitrogen-, sulfur-, chloride-containing biological molecules. A portion of Ag+ was reduced to Ag0 and aggregated to form crystalline argentiferous nanoparticles. Effective reducing agents such as alcohols, carboxylic acid, and etc, which are capable of coordinating heavy metals to reduce and stabilize them, were assumed to play a role in Ag+ reduction. The research results are of great value to understand the defense and tolerance mechanisms of red clover to Ag+ and explore the main existing forms of Ag+ in vivo and in vitro, which could indicate contamination condition in regional ecological environment such as mining area and its potential effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Mo
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Haibo Li
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Yinghua Li
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Chuanxin Ma
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Mingshuai Wang
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Zhe Li
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Ningcan Deng
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
| | - Jianing Xu
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Geng Li
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Yaqin Zheng
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Yue Yang
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
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4
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Kluska K, Veronesi G, Deniaud A, Hajdu B, Gyurcsik B, Bal W, Krezel A. Structures of Silver Fingers and a Pathway to Their Genotoxicity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kluska
- University of Wroclaw: Uniwersytet Wroclawski Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Chemical Biology 50-383 Wrocław POLAND
| | - Giulia Veronesi
- Université Grenoble Alpes: Universite Grenoble Alpes Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Metaux F-38000 Grenoble FRANCE
| | - Aurelien Deniaud
- Université de Grenoble I: Universite Grenoble Alpes Laboratoire de Chimie at Biologie des Metaux F-38000 Grenoble FRANCE
| | - Balint Hajdu
- University of Szeged: Szegedi Tudomanyegyetem Department of Inorganic Analytical Chemistry H-6720 Szeged HUNGARY
| | - Bela Gyurcsik
- University of Szeged: Szegedi Tudomanyegyetem Depertment of Inorganic Analytical Chemistry H-6720 Szeged HUNGARY
| | - Wojciech Bal
- Polish Academy of Sciences: Polska Akademia Nauk Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics 02-106 Warsaw POLAND
| | - Artur Krezel
- University of Wroclaw Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology F. Joliot-Curie 14A 50-383 Wrocław POLAND
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5
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A Practical Hydrazine-Carbothioamide-Based Fluorescent Probe for the Detection of Zn2+: Applications to Paper Strip, Zebrafish and Water Samples. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A practical hydrazine-carbothioamide-based fluorescent chemosensor TCC (N-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(thiophene-2-carbonyl)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide) was applied for Zn2+ detection. TCC exhibited selective fluorescence emission for Zn2+ and did not show any interference with other metal ions. In particular, TCC was utilized for the detection of Zn2+ in paper strips, zebrafish and real water samples. TCC could detect Zn2+ down to 0.39 μM in the solution phase and 51.13 μM in zebrafish. The association ratio between TCC and Zn2+ was determined to be 2:1 by ESI-mass and Job plot. The sensing mechanism of TCC for Zn2+ was illustrated to be a chelation-enhanced fluorescence process through spectroscopic experiments and theoretical calculations.
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6
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The Advantages of EPR Spectroscopy in Exploring Diamagnetic Metal Ion Binding and Transfer Mechanisms in Biological Systems. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry8010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy has emerged as an ideal biophysical tool to study complex biological processes. EPR spectroscopy can follow minor conformational changes in various proteins as a function of ligand or protein binding or interactions with high resolution and sensitivity. Resolving cellular mechanisms, involving small ligand binding or metal ion transfer, is not trivial and cannot be studied using conventional biophysical tools. In recent years, our group has been using EPR spectroscopy to study the mechanism underlying copper ion transfer in eukaryotic and prokaryotic systems. This mini-review focuses on our achievements following copper metal coordination in the diamagnetic oxidation state, Cu(I), between biomolecules. We discuss the conformational changes induced in proteins upon Cu(I) binding, as well as the conformational changes induced in two proteins involved in Cu(I) transfer. We also consider how EPR spectroscopy, together with other biophysical and computational tools, can identify the Cu(I)-binding sites. This work describes the advantages of EPR spectroscopy for studying biological processes that involve small ligand binding and transfer between intracellular proteins.
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7
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Dong S, Shirzadeh M, Fan L, Laganowsky A, Russell DH. Ag + Ion Binding to Human Metallothionein-2A Is Cooperative and Domain Specific. Anal Chem 2020; 92:8923-8932. [PMID: 32515580 PMCID: PMC8114364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) constitute a family of cysteine-rich proteins that play key biological roles for a wide range of metal ions, but unlike many other metalloproteins, the structures of apo- and partially metalated MTs are not well understood. Here, we combine nano-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and nano-ESI-ion mobility (IM)-MS with collision-induced unfolding (CIU), chemical labeling using N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), and both bottom-up and top-down proteomics in an effort to better understand the metal binding sites of the partially metalated forms of human MT-2A, viz., Ag4-MT. The results for Ag4-MT are then compared to similar results obtained for Cd4-MT. The results show that Ag4-MT is a cooperative product, and data from top-down and bottom-up proteomics mass spectrometry analysis combined with NEM labeling revealed that all four Ag+ ions of Ag4-MT are bound to the β-domain. The binding sites are identified as Cys13, Cys15, Cys19, Cys21, Cys24, and Cys26. While both Ag+ and Cd2+ react with MT to yield cooperative products, i.e., Ag4-MT and Cd4-MT, these products are very different; Ag+ ions of Ag4-MT are located in the β-domain, whereas Cd2+ ions of Cd4-MT are located in the α-domain. Ag6-MT has been reported to be fully metalated in the β-domain, but our data suggest the two additional Ag+ ions are more weakly bound than are the other four. Higher order Agi-MT complexes (i = 7-17) are formed in solutions that contain excess Ag+ ions, and these are assumed to be bound to the α-domain or shared between the two domains. Interestingly, the excess Ag+ ions are displaced upon addition of NEM to this solution to yield predominantly Ag4NEM14-MT. Results from CIU suggest that Agi-MT complexes are structurally more ordered and that the energy required to unfold these complexes increases as the number of coordinated Ag+ increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Mehdi Shirzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Liqi Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Arthur Laganowsky
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - David H Russell
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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8
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Melenbacher A, Korkola NC, Stillman MJ. The pathways and domain specificity of Cu(i) binding to human metallothionein 1A. Metallomics 2020; 12:1951-1964. [DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00215a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe the sequential formation of 3 key Cu(i)–thiolate clusters in human metallothionein 1A using a combination of ESI-MS and phosphorescence lifetime methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adyn Melenbacher
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada
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9
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Cadmium-dependent expression of a new metallothionein identified in Trichomonas vaginalis. Biometals 2019; 32:887-899. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-019-00220-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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10
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T V D, Chandwadkar P, Acharya C. NmtA, a novel metallothionein of Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 imparts protection against cadmium stress but not oxidative stress. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 199:152-161. [PMID: 29626757 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are low molecular weight, sulfhydryl-containing, cysteine-rich, metal-binding proteins. Eukaryotes have multiple metallothionein genes; however, there is dearth of reports on prokaryotic metallothioneins. Bacterial MTs with SmtA from Synechococcus PCC 7942 as prototype have been studied in the context of cadmium detoxification. In this study, a smtA related ORF, namely nmtA, was identified in the heterocystous, nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium, Anabaena PCC 7120. A recombinant N-terminal histidine-tagged Anabaena NmtA protein was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified. The protein was identified by peptide mass fingerprinting using MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry as putative metallothionein of Anabaena PCC 7120 with a calculated mass of ∼6.1 kDa. While the native metallated NmtA exhibited resistance against proteolysis, metal free apo-NmtA resulting from acid and dithiothreitol (DTT) treatment could be digested by proteinase K revealing a metal dependent proteolytic protection of NmtA. Expression of nmtA in Anabaena PCC 7120 was induced evidently by cadmium, zinc and copper but not by uranium or hydrogen peroxide. Recombinant Anabaena PCC 7120 overexpressing NmtA protein revealed superior cadmium tolerance but showed limited influence against oxidative stress tolerance as compared with the strain carrying vector alone. In contrast, a mutant of Synechococcus PCC 7942 deficient in MT locus was found to be highly susceptible to H2O2 indicating a likely involvement of cyanobacterial MT in protection against oxidative damage. Overall, the study improved our understanding of metal tolerance mechanisms in Anabaena PCC 7120 by demonstrating a key role of NmtA in cadmium tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya T V
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Pallavi Chandwadkar
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Celin Acharya
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
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11
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Irvine GW, Stillman MJ. Residue Modification and Mass Spectrometry for the Investigation of Structural and Metalation Properties of Metallothionein and Cysteine-Rich Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18050913. [PMID: 28445428 PMCID: PMC5454826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18050913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural information regarding metallothioneins (MTs) has been hard to come by due to its highly dynamic nature in the absence of metal-thiolate cluster formation and crystallization difficulties. Thus, typical spectroscopic methods for structural determination are limited in their usefulness when applied to MTs. Mass spectrometric methods have revolutionized our understanding of protein dynamics, structure, and folding. Recently, advances have been made in residue modification mass spectrometry in order to probe the hard-to-characterize structure of apo- and partially metalated MTs. By using different cysteine specific alkylation reagents, time dependent electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and step-wise “snapshot” ESI-MS, we are beginning to understand the dynamics of the conformers of apo-MT and related species. In this review we highlight recent papers that use these and similar techniques for structure elucidation and attempt to explain in a concise manner the data interpretations of these complex methods. We expect increasing resolution in our picture of the structural conformations of metal-free MTs as these techniques are more widely adopted and combined with other promising tools for structural elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon W Irvine
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
| | - Martin J Stillman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
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12
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Leonardo T, Farhi E, Pouget S, Motellier S, Boisson AM, Banerjee D, Rébeillé F, den Auwer C, Rivasseau C. Silver Accumulation in the Green Microalga Coccomyxa actinabiotis: Toxicity, in Situ Speciation, and Localization Investigated Using Synchrotron XAS, XRD, and TEM. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:359-367. [PMID: 26606242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are good candidates for toxic metal remediation biotechnologies. This study explores the cellular processes implemented by the green microalga Coccomyxa actinabiotis to take up and cope with silver over the concentration range of 10(-7) to 10(-2) M Ag(+). Understanding these processes enables us to assess the potential of this microalga for applications for bioremediation. Silver in situ speciation and localization were investigated using X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. Silver toxicity was evaluated by monitoring microalgal growth and photochemical parameters. Different accumulation mechanisms were brought out depending on silver concentration. At low micromolar concentration, microalgae fixed all silver initially present in solution, trapping it inside the cells into the cytosol, mainly as unreduced Ag(I) bound with molecules containing sulfur. Silver was efficiently detoxified. When concentration increased, silver spread throughout the cell and particularly entered the chloroplast, where it damaged the photosystem. Most silver was reduced to Ag(0) and aggregated to form crystalline silver nanoparticles of face-centered cubic structure with a mean size of 10 nm. An additional minor interaction of silver with molecules containing sulfur indicated the concomitant existence of the mechanism observed at low concentration or nanoparticle capping. Nanoparticles were observed in chloroplasts, in mitochondria, on the plasma membrane, on cytosolic membrane structures, and in vacuoles. Above 10(-4) M Ag(+), damages were irreversible, and photosynthesis and growth were definitely inhibited. However, high silver amounts remained confined inside microalgae, showing their potential for the bioremediation of contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Leonardo
- CEA, DSV, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale , 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, UMR5168 , 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes , 17 rue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
- INRA , 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France
- Institut Laue Langevin , 71 rue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Emmanuel Farhi
- Institut Laue Langevin , 71 rue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphanie Pouget
- CEA, Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie , 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvie Motellier
- CEA, DRT, LITEN, Laboratoire de Nanocaractérisation et Nanosécurité , 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Anne-Marie Boisson
- CEA, DSV, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale , 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, UMR5168 , 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes , 17 rue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
- INRA , 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Dipanjan Banerjee
- Dutch-Belgian Beamline (DUBBLE), ESRF - European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CS 40220 , 71 rue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Fabrice Rébeillé
- CEA, DSV, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale , 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, UMR5168 , 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes , 17 rue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
- INRA , 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe den Auwer
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR7272, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis , 06108 Nice, France
| | - Corinne Rivasseau
- CEA, DSV, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale , 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, UMR5168 , 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes , 17 rue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
- INRA , 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France
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13
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Veronesi G, Gallon T, Deniaud A, Boff B, Gateau C, Lebrun C, Vidaud C, Rollin-Genetet F, Carrière M, Kieffer I, Mintz E, Delangle P, Michaud-Soret I. XAS Investigation of Silver(I) Coordination in Copper(I) Biological Binding Sites. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:11688-96. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Veronesi
- CNRS,
UMR 5249, CNRS-CEA-UJF; CEA;
and University Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (LCBM), F-38054 Grenoble, France
- ESRF, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas Gallon
- CNRS,
UMR 5249, CNRS-CEA-UJF; CEA;
and University Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (LCBM), F-38054 Grenoble, France
- University
Grenoble Alpes and CEA, INAC-SCIB, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Aurélien Deniaud
- CNRS,
UMR 5249, CNRS-CEA-UJF; CEA;
and University Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (LCBM), F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Bastien Boff
- University
Grenoble Alpes and CEA, INAC-SCIB, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Christelle Gateau
- University
Grenoble Alpes and CEA, INAC-SCIB, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Colette Lebrun
- University
Grenoble Alpes and CEA, INAC-SCIB, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Claude Vidaud
- CEA/DSV/iBEB/SBTN, BP 17171, 30207 Bagnols sur Cèze, France
| | | | - Marie Carrière
- University
Grenoble Alpes and CEA, INAC-SCIB, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Isabelle Kieffer
- BM30B/FAME
beamline, ESRF, F-38043 Grenoble cedex 9, France
- Observatoire
des Sciences de l’Univers de Grenoble, UMS 832 CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier, F-38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Elisabeth Mintz
- CNRS,
UMR 5249, CNRS-CEA-UJF; CEA;
and University Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (LCBM), F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Pascale Delangle
- University
Grenoble Alpes and CEA, INAC-SCIB, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Isabelle Michaud-Soret
- CNRS,
UMR 5249, CNRS-CEA-UJF; CEA;
and University Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (LCBM), F-38054 Grenoble, France
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14
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Veronesi G, Aude-Garcia C, Kieffer I, Gallon T, Delangle P, Herlin-Boime N, Rabilloud T, Carrière M. Exposure-dependent Ag+ release from silver nanoparticles and its complexation in AgS2 sites in primary murine macrophages. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:7323-30. [PMID: 25824974 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr00353a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticle (AgNP) toxicity is related to their dissolution in biological environments and to the binding of the released Ag(+) ions in cellulo; the chemical environment of recombined Ag(+) ions is responsible for their toxicological outcome, moreover it is indicative of the cellular response to AgNP exposure, and can therefore shed light on the mechanisms governing AgNP toxicity. This study probes the chemistry of Ag species in primary murine macrophages exposed to AgNPs by making use of X-ray Absorption Fine Structure spectroscopy under cryogenic conditions: the linear combination analysis of the near-edge region of the spectra provides the fraction of Ag(+) ions released from the AgNPs under a given exposure condition and highlights their complexation with thiolate groups; the ab initio modelling of the extended spectra allows measuring the Ag-S bond length in cellulo. Dissolution rates depend on the exposure scenario, chronicity leading to higher Ag(+) release than acute exposure; Ag-S bond lengths are 2.41 ± 0.03 Å and 2.38 ± 0.01 Å in acute and chronic exposure respectively, compatible with digonal AgS2 coordination. Glutathione is identified as the most likely putative ligand for Ag(+). The proposed method offers a scope for the investigation of metallic nanoparticle dissolution and recombination in cellular models.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Veronesi
- BioMet Team, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (LCBM), UMR 5249 CEA-CNRS-Université Grenoble Alpes. CEA-Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble, France.
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15
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Leung BO, Jalilehvand F, Mah V, Parvez M, Wu Q. Silver(I) complex formation with cysteine, penicillamine, and glutathione. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:4593-602. [PMID: 23556419 PMCID: PMC3684387 DOI: 10.1021/ic400192c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The complex formation between silver(I) and cysteine (H2Cys), penicillamine (H2Pen), and glutathione (H3Glu) in alkaline aqueous solution was examined using extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and (109)Ag NMR spectroscopic techniques. The complexes formed in 0.1 mol dm(-3) Ag(I) solutions with cysteine and penicillamine were investigated for ligand/Ag(I) (L/Ag) mole ratios increasing from 2.0 to 10.0. For the series of cysteine solutions (pH 10-11) a mean Ag-S bond distance of 2.45 ± 0.02 Å consistently emerged, while for penicillamine (pH 9) the average Ag-S bond distance gradually increased from 2.40 to 2.44 ± 0.02 Å. EXAFS and (109)Ag NMR spectra of a concentrated Ag(I)-cysteine solution (C(Ag(I)) = 0.8 mol dm(-3), L/Ag = 2.2) showed a mean Ag-S bond distance of 2.47 ± 0.02 Å and δ((109)Ag) 1103 ppm, consistent with prevailing, partially oligomeric AgS3 coordinated species, while for penicillamine (C(Ag(I)) = 0.5 mol dm(-3), L/Ag = 2.0) the mean Ag-S bond distance of 2.40 ± 0.02 Å and δ((109)Ag) 922 ppm indicate that mononuclear AgS2 coordinated complexes dominate. For Ag(I)-glutathione solutions (C(Ag(I)) = 0.01 mol dm(-3), pH ∼11), mononuclear AgS2 coordinated species with a mean Ag-S bond distance of 2.36 ± 0.02 Å dominate for L/Ag mole ratios from 2.0 to 10.0. The crystal structure of the silver(I)-cysteine compound (NH4)Ag2(HCys)(Cys)·H2O (1) precipitating at pH ∼10 was solved and showed a layer structure with both AgS3 and AgS3N coordination to the cysteinate ligands. A redetermination of the crystal structure of Ag(HPen)·H2O (2) confirmed the proposed digonal AgS2 coordination environment to bridging thiolate sulfur atoms in polymeric intertwining chains forming a double helix. A survey of Ag-S bond distances for crystalline Ag(I) complexes with S-donor ligands in different AgS2, AgS2(O/N), and AgS3 coordination environments was used, together with a survey of (109)Ag NMR chemical shifts, to assist assignments of the Ag(I) coordination in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie O. Leung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Farideh Jalilehvand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Vicky Mah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Masood Parvez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Qiao Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4 Canada
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16
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Wan X, Schicht O, Freisinger E. Copper(I) Coordination by Two Plant Metallothioneins. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201300096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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Shoeib T, Zhao J, Ei Aribi H, Hopkinson AC, Siu KWM. Dissociations of complexes between monovalent metal ions and aromatic amino acid or histidine. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2013; 24:38-48. [PMID: 23238948 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-012-0511-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The fragmentations of [AA + M](+) complexes, where AA = Phe, Tyr, Trp, or His, and M is a monovalent metal (Li, Na, or Ag), have been exhaustively studied through collision-induced dissociation (CID) and through deuterium labeling. Dissociations of the Li- and Ag-containing complexes gave a large number of fragment ions; by contrast, the sodium/amino acid complexes have lower binding energies, and dissociation resulted in much simpler spectra, with loss of the entire ligand dominating. Unambiguous assignments of these fragment ions were made and formation mechanisms are proposed. Of particular interest are fragmentations in which the charge was retained on the organic fragment and the metal was lost, either as a metal hydride (AgH) or hydroxide (LiOH) or as the silver atom (Ag(•)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Shoeib
- Department of Chemistry, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
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18
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Summers KL, Mahrok AK, Dryden MDM, Stillman MJ. Structural properties of metal-free apometallothioneins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 425:485-92. [PMID: 22877750 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.07.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The metalated forms of metallothionein are well studied (particularly Zn-MT, Cu-MT and Cd-MT), but almost nothing is known about the chemical and structural properties of apometallothioneins despite their importance in initial metalation and subsequent demetalation. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was used to provide a detailed view of the structural properties of the metal-free protein. Mass spectra of Zn(7)-MT and apo-MT at pH 7 exhibit the same charge state distribution, indicating that apo-MT is tightly folded like the metallated protein, whereas apo-MT at pH 3 exhibits a charge state spectrum associated with unfolding or denaturation. Benzoquinone was used to modify the cysteines in the β-MT (9 Bq), and α-MT (11 Bq) fragments, and the full βα-MT (20 Bq) protein. ESI-MS showed that the overall volume and, therefore, the extent of folding for the modified proteins is similar to that of Zn-MT. Molecular modeling using MM3-MD methods provided the volume of each modified protein. The volumes of the partially modified proteins follow the same trend as the charge states, showing that ESI-MS is an excellent method with which to follow small changes in protein folding as a function of applied chemical stress. The data suggest that the structure of apo-βα-MT is more organized than previously considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Summers
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
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19
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Greisen P, Jespersen JB, Kepp KP. Metallothionein Zn2+- and Cu2+-clusters from first-principles calculations. Dalton Trans 2011; 41:2247-56. [PMID: 22183579 DOI: 10.1039/c1dt11785h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Detailed electronic structures of Zn(II) and Cu(II) clusters from metallothioneins (MT) have been obtained using density functional theory (DFT), in order to investigate how oxidative stress-caused Cu(II) intermediates affect Zn-binding to MT and cooperatively lead to Cu(I)MT. The inferred accuracy is ∼0.02-0.03 Å for metal-thiolate bond lengths for the models that are the most realistic MT models so far studied by DFT. We find terminal Zn-S and Cu-S bond lengths of 2.35-2.38 Å and 2.30-2.34 Å, whereas bridging M-S bonds are 0.05-0.11 Å longer. This electronic effect is also reflected in changes in electron density on bridging sulfurs. Various imposed backbone constraints quantify the sensitivity of cluster electronic structure towards protein conformational changes. The large negative charge densities of the clusters are central to MT function, and the smaller β-clusters are more prone to modification. Oxidative stress-associated Cu(II) binding weakens the Zn-S bonds and is thus likely to impair the Zn(II) transfer function of MTs, providing a mechanism for cooperative Cu(II) binding leading to loss of Zn(II) and dysfunctional Cu(I)MT clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Greisen
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU Physics, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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20
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Kepp KP. Full quantum-mechanical structure of the human protein Metallothionein-2. J Inorg Biochem 2011; 107:15-24. [PMID: 22178664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MT) are small, metal-binding proteins with diverse functions related to metal ion homeostasis. This paper presents the full 384-388-atom structures of the two native Zn(II)- and the Cd(II)-containing domains of human MT2, optimized with density functional theory. The presented structures are accurate to ~0.03 Å for bond lengths and thus provide new physical insight into the detailed electronic structures of MTs, in particular with accurate accounts of bridging vs. terminal bonds not available from NMR or EXAFS. The MT protein enhances the asymmetry, as compared to the protein-free clusters, causing a hierarchy in binding that most likely allows MTs to transfer ions to multiple targets in vivo. The protein polarization is substantial and occurs primarily via the terminal sulfurs, a key mechanism in providing domain-specific electronic structures. The β-domain polarizes its smaller cluster less on average, due to its less polarizable, higher negative charge density, as reflected in longer MS bond lengths and smaller bond orders. This may explain why MT2β is more reactive and dynamic and why MTs have evolved two different-size, asymmetric domains with different metal binding affinities fit for different molecular targets of metal ion transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper P Kepp
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU Chemistry, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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21
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Jensen KP, Rykær M. The building blocks of metallothioneins: heterometallic Zn2+ and Cd2+ clusters from first-principles calculations. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:9684-95. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00087f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Shoeib T, Sharp BL. A structural and free energy analysis of Ag+ complexes to five small peptides. Inorganica Chim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2008.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Romanov V, Siu CK, Verkerk UH, Aribi HE, Hopkinson AC, Siu KWM. Binding Energies of the Silver Ion to Alcohols and Amides: A Theoretical and Experimental Study. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:10912-20. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8055653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Romanov
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3, and MDS Analytical Technologies, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, Ontario, Canada L4K 4V8
| | - Chi-Kit Siu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3, and MDS Analytical Technologies, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, Ontario, Canada L4K 4V8
| | - Udo H. Verkerk
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3, and MDS Analytical Technologies, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, Ontario, Canada L4K 4V8
| | - Houssain El Aribi
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3, and MDS Analytical Technologies, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, Ontario, Canada L4K 4V8
| | - Alan C. Hopkinson
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3, and MDS Analytical Technologies, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, Ontario, Canada L4K 4V8
| | - K. W. Michael Siu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3, and MDS Analytical Technologies, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, Ontario, Canada L4K 4V8
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24
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You YH, Zhang CP. The photochemistry properties on interaction silver with tryptophan. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2008; 69:939-46. [PMID: 17698409 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2007.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2007] [Revised: 05/19/2007] [Accepted: 05/25/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
UV-vis and fluorescence spectra for interaction silver(I) ion with tryptophan (Trp) have been studied. The influence of pH of media, multicomponent concentration, including amino acids, silver(I) ion, formaldehyde, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and trihydroxymethylaminomethane (Tris) as well as temperature, illumination, time, etc. on reaction were investigated, and the mechanism of reaction has been explored. The results shown that the optimum condition for the interaction between tryptophan and silver(I) ion were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hua You
- Department of Chemistry, Science College, GuiZhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
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25
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Chan J, Huang Z, Watt I, Kille P, Stillman MJ. Characterization of the conformational changes in recombinant human metallothioneins using ESI-MS and molecular modeling. CAN J CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1139/v07-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) data and molecular modeling calculations were used to gain mechanistic, conformational, and domain-specific information from the acid-induced demetallation reactions of human metallothionein. The recombinant proteins studied were the single α- and β-rhMT-1a domains and the βα- and αβ-rhMT-1a two-domain species, based on the human metallothionein 1a sequence. Complete molecular models (MM3/MD) for all the fully metallated and demetallated species using a modified force field are reported for the first time. Basic residues that contribute to the ESI-MS charge states are identified from the molecular models. Demetallation took place under equilibrium conditions within a narrow pH range. For the two-domain proteins, these results support a demetallation mechanism involving the initial complete demetallation of one domain followed by the other for both βα-rhMT and αβ-rhMT. Based on the stability of the separate domains, the β domain is predicted to demetallate first in the two-domain rhMTs. Both the α domain and the β domain were observed to bind an excess of one Cd2+ ion. The metallated rhMT structures were shown to have very stable conformations, but only when fully metallated. Two or more conformations were observed at low pH in the ESI-MS data, which are interpreted as arising from the presence of structure, as opposed to a random coil, in the apo-rhMT. This is the first report of the existence of a structure in the two-domain metal-free apo-MT proteins. Only at extremely low pH does the structure open fully to give the highest charge distribution, which is associated with a random coil. Pre-existing structural features in the apo-MT would explain why the metallation reactions occur so rapidly.Key words: recombinant human metallothionein-1 (rhMT1), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), circular dichroism (CD), molecular mechanics/molecular dynamics (MM3/MD).
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26
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Salgado MT, Bacher KL, Stillman MJ. Probing structural changes in the α and β domains of copper- and silver-substituted metallothionein by emission spectroscopy and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J Biol Inorg Chem 2006; 12:294-312. [PMID: 17086417 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-006-0187-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2006] [Accepted: 10/06/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Steady-state emission spectra, excited-state lifetimes, kinetic data, and mass spectroscopic properties are reported for Ag(I)- and mixed Ag(I)/Cu(I)-substituted alpha and beta domains of recombinant human metallothionein (MT1a). Kinetic analysis of the changes in the Cu(I) emission spectra during the stepwise displacement of Cu(I) ions by Ag(I) at room temperature shows that the rate of displacement of Cu(I) is unexpectedly slow. Although the first Ag(I) added results in major changes in the Cu(I)-MT binding site, Cu(I) displacement by Ag(I) does not take place until the addition of the third Ag(I), and is completed by the addition of the seventh Ag(I). The emission from Ag(I) and mixed Cu(I)/Ag(I)-MT species at 77 K shows that the band maxima shift as a function of Ag(I) loading, which can be correlated with shifts in coordination geometry from trigonal to digonal. Two phosphorescence lifetimes were detected for the Ag(I)-substituted alpha and beta domains of MT, which are attributed to the presence of Ag(I) ions in two different environments. The lifetime of Ag(I)-substituted MT was found to be shorter when the Ag(I)-MT species were formed by Ag(I) additions to the Cu(I)-substituted alpha and beta fragments than when the Ag(I)-MT species were formed from the apo-alpha and apo-beta fragments, suggesting the formation of structurally different Ag(I)-MT clusters. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometric studies suggest the metallation reactions of Ag(I) with MT take place in a series of steps to form a series of Ag(I)-substituted MT species. Ag(I)-substituted MT species are not detected until past the addition of 3 mol equiv of Ag(I), suggesting that cluster formation begins only at this point, stabilizing the metallated species sufficiently to survive ionization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria T Salgado
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
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27
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Matsunaga Y, Fujisawa K, Ibi N, Fujita M, Ohashi T, Amir N, Miyashita Y, Aika KI, Izumi Y, Okamoto KI. Sulfur K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy of homoleptic thiolato complexes with Zn(II) and Cd(II). J Inorg Biochem 2006; 100:239-49. [PMID: 16387363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2005.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2005] [Revised: 11/06/2005] [Accepted: 11/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The sulfur K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy is applied to homoleptic thiolato complexes with Zn(II) and Cd(II), (Et(4)N)[Zn(SAd)(3)] (1), (Et(4)N)(2)[{Zn(ScHex)(2)}(2)(mu-ScHex)(2)] (2), (Et(4)N)(2)[{Cd(ScHex)(2)}(2)(mu-ScHex)(2)] (3), (Et(4)N)(2)[{Cd(ScHex)}(4)(mu-ScHex)(6)] (4), [Zn(mu-SAd)(2)](n) (5), and [Cd(mu-SAd)(2)](n) (6) (HSAd=1-adamantanethiol, HScHex=cyclohexanethiol). The EXAFS results are consistent with the X-ray crystal data of 1-4. The structures of 5 and 6, which have not been determined by X-ray crystallography, are proposed to be polynuclear structures on the basis of the sulfur K-edge EXAFS, far-IR spectra, and elemental analysis. Clear evidences of the S...S interactions (between bridging atoms or neighboring sulfur atoms) and the S...C(far) interactions (in which C(far) atom is next to carbon atom directly bonded to sulfur atom) were observed in the EXAFS data for all complexes and thus lead to the reliable determination of the structures of 5 and 6 in combination with conventional zinc K-edge EXAFS analysis for 5. This new methodology, sulfur K-edge EXAFS, could be applied for the structural determination of in vivo metalloproteins as well as inorganic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Matsunaga
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan
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28
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Henkel G, Krebs B. Metallothioneins: zinc, cadmium, mercury, and copper thiolates and selenolates mimicking protein active site features--structural aspects and biological implications. Chem Rev 2004; 104:801-24. [PMID: 14871142 DOI: 10.1021/cr020620d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Henkel
- Department Chemie, Universität Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany.
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29
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Chu IK, Shoeib T, Guo X, Rodriquez CF, Lau TC, Hopkinson AC, Siu KW. Characterization of the product ions from the collision-induced dissociation of argentinated peptides. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2001; 12:163-175. [PMID: 11212001 DOI: 10.1016/s1044-0305(00)00216-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Tandem mass spectrometry performed on a pool of 18 oligopeptides shows that the product ion spectra of argentinated peptides, the [bn + OH + Ag]+ ions and the [yn - H + Ag]+ ions bearing identical sequences are virtually identical. These observations suggest strongly that these ions have identical structures in the gas phase. The structures of argentinated glycine, glycylglycine, and glycylglycylglycine were calculated using density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/DZVP level of theory; they were independently confirmed using HF/LANL2DZ. For argentinated glycylglycylglycine, the most stable structure is one in which Ag+ is tetracoordinate and attached to the amino nitrogen and the three carbonyl oxygen atoms. Mechanisms are proposed for the fragmentation of this structure to the [b2 + OH + Ag]+ and the [Y2 - H + Ag]+ ions that are consistent with all experimental observations and known calculated structures and energetics. The structures of the [b2 - H + Ag]+ and the [a2 - H + Ag]+ ions of glycylglycylglycine were also calculated using DFT. These results confirm earlier suggestions that the [b2 - H + Ag]+ ion is an argentinated oxazolone and the [a2 - H + Ag]+ an argentinated immonium ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- I K Chu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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30
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Stillman MJ, Thomas D, Trevithick C, Guo X, Siu M. Circular dichroism, kinetic and mass spectrometric studies of copper(I) and mercury(II) binding to metallothionein. J Inorg Biochem 2000; 79:11-9. [PMID: 10830841 DOI: 10.1016/s0162-0134(99)00174-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The metalloprotein metallothionein (MT) is remarkable in its metal binding properties: for the mammalian protein, well-characterized species exist for metal to sulfur ratios of M7S20, M12S20, and M18S20, where M = Cd(II), Zn(II), Hg(II), Ag(I), Au(I), and Cu(I). Optical spectra in general, and circular dichroism (CD) and luminescence spectra in particular, provide rich detail of a complicated metal binding chemistry when metals are added directly to the metal-free or zinc-containing protein. CD spectral data unambiguously identify key metal to protein stoichiometric ratios that result in well-defined structures. Electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry data are reported for reactions in which Hg(II) binds to apo-MT 2A as previously described from CD data. Emission spectra in the 450-750 nm region have been reported for metallothioneins containing Ag(I), Au(I), and Cu(I). The luminescence of Cu-MT can also be detected directly from mammalian and yeast cells. We report both steady-state and new dynamic data for titrations of Zn-MT with Cu(I). Analysis of kinetic data for the addition of the first two Cu(I) atoms to Zn-MT indicates a first-order mechanism over a concentration range of 5-50 microM. Three-dimensional modeling was carried out using the results of the CD and EXAFS studies, model calculations for Zn7-MT, Hg7-MT, and Cu12-MT are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Stillman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Westertn Ontario, London, Canada.
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31
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Sun H, Li H, Harvey I, Sadler PJ. Interactions of bismuth complexes with metallothionein(II). J Biol Chem 1999; 274:29094-101. [PMID: 10506163 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.41.29094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bismuth complexes are widely used as anti-ulcer drugs and can significantly reduce the side effects of platinum anti-cancer drugs. Bismuth is known to induce the synthesis of metallothionein (MT) in the kidney, but there are few chemical studies on the interactions of bismuth complexes with metallothionein. Here we show that Bi(3+) binds strongly to metallothionein with a stoichiometry bismuth:MT = 7:1 (Bi(7)MT) and can readily displace Zn(2+) and Cd(2+). Bismuth is still bound to the protein even in strongly acidic solutions (pH 1). Reactions of bismuth citrate with MT are faster than those of [Bi(EDTA)](-), and both exhibit biphasic kinetics. (1)H NMR data show that Zn(2+) is displaced faster than Cd(2+), and that both Zn(2+) and Cd(2+) in the beta-domain (three metal cluster) of MT are displaced by Bi(3+) much faster than from the alpha-domain (four metal cluster). The extended x-ray absorption fine structure spectrum of Bi(7)MT is very similar to that for the glutathione and N-acetyl-L-cysteine complexes [Bi(GS)(3)] and [Bi(NAC)(3)] with an inner coordination sphere of three sulfur atoms and average Bi-S distances of 2.55 A. Some sites appear to contain additional short Bi-O bonds of 2.2 A and longer Bi-S bonds of 3.1 A. The Bi(3+) sites in Bi(7)MT are therefore highly distorted in comparison with those of Zn(2+) and Cd(2+).
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, United Kingdom
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Fowle DA, Stillman MJ. Comparison of the structures of the metal-thiolate binding site in Zn(II)-, Cd(II)-, and Hg(II)-metallothioneins using molecular modeling techniques. J Biomol Struct Dyn 1997; 14:393-406. [PMID: 9172640 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.1997.10508139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The first fully energy-minimized structures for a series of structurally related metal complexes of the important mammalian metal binding protein metallothionein are described. The structures were calculated based on structural information obtained from existing spectroscopic and crystallographic data, and minimized using molecular mechanics (MM2) techniques. A two domain structure, with stoichiometries of M(II)3-(Scys)9 and M(II)4-(Scys)11 where M = zinc(II), cadmium(II), and mercury(II), was assembled and minimized. The resultant three-dimensional structure closely resembled that of rat liver Cd5Zn2-MT 1 obtained by analysis of x-ray diffraction data [A. H. Robbins, D.E. McRee, M. Williamson, S. A. Collett, N. H. Xuong, W. F. Furey, B. C. Wang and C. D. Stout, J. Mol. Biol. 221, 1269-1293 (1991)]. Minimized structures for Zn7-MT, Cd7-MT, and Hg7-MT are reported. Deep crevices that expose the metal-thiolate clusters are seen in each structure. However, for the mercury-containing protein, much of the mercury-thiolate structure is visible and it is proposed that this provides access for extensive interaction between solvent water molecules and the mercury(II), resulting in the observed distortion away from tetrahedral geometry for Hg7-MT. Volume calculations are reported for the protein metallated with 7 Zn(II), Cd(II), or Hg(II). A series of structural changes calculated for the step-wise isomorphous replacement of Zn(II) by Cd(II) and Hg(II) in the Zn4S11 alpha domain are shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Fowle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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