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Hazarika G, Ingole PG. Nano-enabled gas separation membranes: Advancing sustainability in the energy-environment Nexus. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 944:173264. [PMID: 38772493 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Gas separation membranes serve as crucial to numerous industrial processes, including gas purification, energy production, and environmental protection. Recent advancements in nanomaterials have drastically revolutionized the process of developing tailored gas separation membranes, providing unreachable levels of control over the performance and characteristics of the membrane. The incorporation of cutting-edge nanomaterials into the composition of traditional polymer-based membranes has provided novel opportunities. This review critically analyses recent advancements, exploring the diverse types of nanomaterials employed, their synthesis techniques, and their integration into membrane matrices. The impact of nanomaterial incorporation on separation efficiency, selectivity, and structural integrity is evaluated across various gas separation scenarios. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms behind nanomaterial-enhanced gas transport are examined, shedding light on the intricate interactions between nanoscale components and gas molecules. The review also discusses potential drawbacks and considerations associated with nanomaterial utilization in membrane development, including scalability and long-term stability. This review article highlights nanomaterials' significant impact in revolutionizing the field of selective gas separation membranes, offering the potential for innovation and future directions in this ever-evolving sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauri Hazarika
- Chemical Engineering Group, Engineering Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Pravin G Ingole
- Chemical Engineering Group, Engineering Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India.
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2
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Jia Y, Chen K, Liu P, Liu Y, Pi X, Zhang X, Zhang Y. Thermally Annealed High-Aspect-Ratio ZIF-8 Nanoplates-Incorporated Mixed Matrix Membranes for Improved H 2/CO 2 Selectivity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:37100-37110. [PMID: 38968215 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c07974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
The main challenge in the preparation of MOF-based mixed matrix membranes is to construct a good interface morphology to improve the gas separation performance and stability of the membranes. Herein, high-aspect-ratio ZIF-8 nanoplates for H2/CO2 separation membranes were synthesized by direct template conversion. The ZIF-8 nanoplates were prepared with the commercial Matrimid polymer to form MMMs by the flat scraping method. The homogeneous dispersion of high-aspect-ratio nanoplates in the membrane and the good compatibility between the filler and the matrix caused by the thermal annealing operation improve the gas separation performance and mechanical properties of MMMs. The H2/CO2 selectivity of MMMs loaded with 30 wt % ZIF-8 nanoplates increased to 10.3, and the H2 permeability was 330.1 Barrer. This synthesis method can be extended to prepare various ZIF nanoplates with elevated aspect ratios to obtain excellent performance fillers for gas separation of MMMs. In addition, the thermal annealing operation allows more efficient gas separation in polymer membranes and is a feasible way to design excellent and stable MMMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jia
- College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Changping District, Beijing 102249, PR China
| | - Kaiyi Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Changping District, Beijing 102249, PR China
| | - Pengxiao Liu
- College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Changping District, Beijing 102249, PR China
| | - Yubo Liu
- China Offshore Oil Engineering (Qingdao) Co., limited, Huangdao District, Qingdao 266400, PR China
| | - Xingjian Pi
- College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Changping District, Beijing 102249, PR China
| | - Xiaocan Zhang
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Changping District, Beijing 102249, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Changping District, Beijing 102249, PR China
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3
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Wang J, Abbas SC, Li L, Walker CC, Ni Y, Cai Z. Cellulose Membranes: Synthesis and Applications for Water and Gas Separation and Purification. MEMBRANES 2024; 14:148. [PMID: 39057656 PMCID: PMC11279174 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14070148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Membranes are a selective barrier that allows certain species (molecules and ions) to pass through while blocking others. Some rely on size exclusion, where larger molecules get stuck while smaller ones permeate through. Others use differences in charge or polarity to attract and repel specific species. Membranes can purify air and water by allowing only air and water molecules to pass through, while preventing contaminants such as microorganisms and particles, or to separate a target gas or vapor, such as H2 and CO2, from other gases. The higher the flux and selectivity, the better a material is for membranes. The desirable performance can be tuned through material type (polymers, ceramics, and biobased materials), microstructure (porosity and tortuosity), and surface chemistry. Most membranes are made from plastic from petroleum-based resources, contributing to global climate change and plastic pollution. Cellulose can be an alternative sustainable resource for making renewable membranes. Cellulose exists in plant cell walls as natural fibers, which can be broken down into smaller components such as cellulose fibrils, nanofibrils, nanocrystals, and cellulose macromolecules through mechanical and chemical processing. Membranes made from reassembling these particles and molecules have variable pore architecture, porosity, and separation properties and, therefore, have a wide range of applications in nano-, micro-, and ultrafiltration and forward osmosis. Despite their advantages, cellulose membranes face some challenges. Improving the selectivity of membranes for specific molecules often comes at the expense of permeability. The stability of cellulose membranes in harsh environments or under continuous operation needs further improvement. Research is ongoing to address these challenges and develop advanced cellulose membranes with enhanced performance. This article reviews the microstructures, fabrication methods, and potential applications of cellulose membranes, providing some critical insights into processing-structure-property relationships for current state-of-the-art cellulosic membranes that could be used to improve their performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwu Wang
- Forest Products Laboratory, U.S. Forest Service, 1 Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Syed Comail Abbas
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Maine, 5737 Jenness Hall, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Ling Li
- School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Colleen C. Walker
- Process Development Center, University of Maine, 5737 Jenness Hall, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Yonghao Ni
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Maine, 5737 Jenness Hall, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Zhiyong Cai
- Forest Products Laboratory, U.S. Forest Service, 1 Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI 53726, USA
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Alkandari S, Ching M, Lightfoot JC, Berri N, Leese HS, Castro-Dominguez B. Recycling and 3D-Printing Biodegradable Membranes for Gas Separation-toward a Membrane Circular Economy. ACS APPLIED ENGINEERING MATERIALS 2024; 2:1515-1525. [PMID: 38962722 PMCID: PMC11217943 DOI: 10.1021/acsaenm.4c00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Polymer membranes employed in gas separation play a pivotal role in advancing environmental sustainability, energy production, and gas purification technologies. Despite their significance, the current design and manufacturing of these membranes lack cradle-to-cradle approaches, contributing to plastic waste pollution. This study explores emerging solutions, including the use of biodegradable biopolymers such as polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and membrane recycling, with a focus on the specific impact of mechanical recycling on the performance of biodegradable gas separation membranes. This research represents the first systematic exploration of recycling biodegradable membranes for gas separation. Demonstrating that PHB membranes can be recycled and remanufactured without solvents using hot-melt extrusion and 3D printing, the research highlights PHB's promising performance in developing more sustainable CO2 separations, despite an increase in gas permeability with successive recycling steps due to reduced polymer molecular weight. The study emphasizes the excellent thermal, chemical, and mechanical stability of PHB membranes, albeit with a marginal reduction in gas selectivity upon recycling. However, limitations in PHB's molecular weight affecting extrudability and processability restrict the recycling to three cycles. Anticipating that this study will serve as a foundational exploration, we foresee more sophisticated recycling studies for gas separation membranes, paving the way for a circular economy in future membrane technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Ching
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
| | - Jasmine C. Lightfoot
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
- Centre for Digital Manufacturing
and Design (dMaDe), University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
| | - Nael Berri
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
- Centre
for Bioengineering and Biomedical Technologies, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
| | - Hannah S. Leese
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
- Centre
for Bioengineering and Biomedical Technologies, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
| | - Bernardo Castro-Dominguez
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
- Centre for Digital Manufacturing
and Design (dMaDe), University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
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5
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Reddy PR, Anki Reddy K, Kumar A. Comparative Retention Analysis of Intercalated Cations Inside the Interlayer Gallery of Lamellar and Nonlamellar Graphene Oxide Membranes in Reverse Osmosis Process: A Molecular Dynamics Study. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:5218-5227. [PMID: 38756068 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c01623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decade, multilayered graphene oxide (GO) membranes have emerged as promising candidates for desalination applications. Despite their potential, a comprehensive understanding of separation mechanisms remains elusive due to the intricate morphology and structural arrangement of interlayer galleries. Moreover, a critical concern of multilayered GO membranes is their susceptibility to swelling within aqueous environments, which hinders their practical implementation. Therefore, this study introduces cation intercalation within GO laminates to elucidate the underlying factors governing swelling behavior and subsequently mitigate it. Moreover, this study performed nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations on the cation (Mg2+ or K+)-intercalated lamellar and nonlamellar GO membranes to understand the effect of the arrangement of GO sheets on the retention time of intercalated cations within GO layers, water permeance, and salt rejection mechanism in the reverse osmosis process using cation-intercalated GO membranes. Our results highlight that lamellar GO membranes exhibit higher water permeance, attributed to their well-defined interlayer gallery structure. On the other hand, nonlamellar GO membranes display superior salt rejection due to their complex interlayer gallery structure that impedes salt permeation. Moreover, the structural complexity of nonlamellar GO membranes contributes to greater stability by retention of the more intercalated cations for a longer time within the layers. Furthermore, it is observed that a higher percentage of Mg2+ cations remained inside the GO laminates as compared to K+ cations, hence resulting in the greater stability of the Mg2+-intercalated GO membrane in the aqueous environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rajasekhar Reddy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039 Assam, India
| | - K Anki Reddy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, Tirupati, 517619 Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039 Assam, India
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Tomczak W, Gryta M, Daniluk M, Żak S. Biogas Upgrading Using a Single-Membrane System: A Review. MEMBRANES 2024; 14:80. [PMID: 38668108 PMCID: PMC11051867 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14040080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the use of biogas as a natural gas substitute has gained great attention. Typically, in addition to methane (CH4), biogas contains carbon dioxide (CO2), as well as small amounts of impurities, e.g., hydrogen sulfide (H2S), nitrogen (N2), oxygen (O2) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). One of the latest trends in biogas purification is the application of membrane processes. However, literature reports are ambiguous regarding the specific requirement for biogas pretreatment prior to its upgrading using membranes. Therefore, the main aim of the present study was to comprehensively examine and discuss the most recent achievements in the use of single-membrane separation units for biogas upgrading. Performing a literature review allowed to indicate that, in recent years, considerable progress has been made on the use of polymeric membranes for this purpose. For instance, it has been documented that the application of thin-film composite (TFC) membranes with a swollen polyamide (PA) layer ensures the successful upgrading of raw biogas and eliminates the need for its pretreatment. The importance of the performed literature review is the inference drawn that biogas enrichment performed in a single step allows to obtain upgraded biogas that could be employed for household uses. Nevertheless, this solution may not be sufficient for obtaining high-purity gas at high recovery efficiency. Hence, in order to obtain biogas that could be used for applications designed for natural gas, a membrane cascade may be required. Moreover, it has been documented that a significant number of experimental studies have been focused on the upgrading of synthetic biogas; meanwhile, the data on the raw biogas are very limited. In addition, it has been noted that, although ceramic membranes demonstrate several advantages, experimental studies on their applications in single-membrane systems have been neglected. Summarizing the literature data, it can be concluded that, in order to thoroughly evaluate the presented issue, the long-term experimental studies on the upgrading of raw biogas with the use of polymeric and ceramic membranes in pilot-scale systems are required. The presented literature review has practical implications as it would be beneficial in supporting the development of membrane processes used for biogas upgrading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wirginia Tomczak
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, ul. Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.D.); (S.Ż.)
| | - Marek Gryta
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, ul. Pułaskiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Monika Daniluk
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, ul. Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.D.); (S.Ż.)
| | - Sławomir Żak
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, ul. Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.D.); (S.Ż.)
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7
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Ramos-Saz F, Kang CSM, O'Dell LA, Forsyth M, Pringle JM. Insights into the Carbon Dioxide Separation Performance of Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide-based Plastic Crystal Composite Membranes with Fluorinated Polar Polymers. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301314. [PMID: 38018882 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-based gas separation technologies are one solution towards mitigating global emissions of CO2. New membrane materials with improved separation performance are still highly sought after. Composite membranes based on organic ionic plastic crystals (OIPCs) have shown preferential interaction for CO2 over N2, leading in some cases to competitive CO2/N2 selectivities. However, these ionic materials have been scarcely studied in the field of gas separation. Here, OIPCs based on the bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([TFSI]-) anion were investigated for use as gas separation membranes for the first time. The effect of the polymer type was also investigated, through the comparison of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and poly(vinylidene fluoride)-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP) OIPC membranes. A strong temperature dependence of the gas separation performance was found, particularly in the N-methyl-N-ethylpyrrolidinium-based composites where the material undergoes a solid-solid phase transition within the testing temperature range. The polymer type was noted to induce a strong effect on the structure of the composites, as well as affecting the gas and ionic transport. Thus, this research provides insights on the influence of the [TFSI]- anion on the structure and separation properties of OIPC-based composites, and new information towards the development of novel OIPC-based membranes with enhanced gas separation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Ramos-Saz
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC-3125, Australia
| | - Colin S M Kang
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC-3125, Australia
| | - Luke A O'Dell
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC-3125, Australia
| | - Maria Forsyth
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC-3125, Australia
| | - Jennifer M Pringle
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC-3125, Australia
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8
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Lin TW, Sing CE. Effect of penetrant-polymer interactions and shape on the motion of molecular penetrants in dense polymer networks. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:114905. [PMID: 38511661 DOI: 10.1063/5.0197140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The diffusion of dilute molecular penetrants within polymers plays a crucial role in the advancement of material engineering for applications such as coatings and membrane separations. The potential of highly cross-linked polymer networks in these applications stems from their capacity to adjust the size and shape selectivity through subtle changes in network structures. In this paper, we use molecular dynamics simulation to understand the role of penetrant shape (aspect ratios) and its interaction with polymer networks on its diffusivity. We characterize both local penetrant hopping and the long-time diffusive motion for penetrants and consider different aspect ratios and penetrant-network interaction strengths at a variety of cross-link densities and temperatures. The shape affects the coupling of penetrant motion to the cross-link density- and temperature-dependent structural relaxation of networks and also affects the way a penetrant experiences the confinement from the network meshes. The attractive interaction between the penetrant and network primarily affects the former since only the system of dilute limit is of present interest. These results offer fundamental insights into the intricate interplay between penetrant characteristics and polymer network properties and also suggest future directions for manipulating polymer design to enhance the separation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Wei Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Charles E Sing
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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9
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Sharma S, Oberdisse J, Alauzun JG, Dieudonné-George P, Bizien T, Akkaya C, Hesemann P, Genix AC. Controlled formation of multi-scale porosity in ionosilica templated by ionic liquid. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:6053-6067. [PMID: 38421016 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06213a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Mesoporous systems are ubiquitous in membrane science and applications due to their high internal surface area and tunable pore size. A new synthesis pathway of hydrolytic ionosilica films with mesopores formed by ionic liquid (IL) templating is proposed and compared with the traditional non-hydrolytic strategy. For both pathways, the multi-scale formation of pores has been studied as a function of IL content, combining the results of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), nitrogen sorption, and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The combination of TGA and nitrogen sorption provides access to ionosilica and pore volume fractions, with contributions of meso- and macropores. We then elaborate an original and quantitative geometrical model to analyze the SAXS data based on small spheres (Rs = 1-2 nm) and cylinders (Lcyl = 10-20 nm) with radial polydispersity provided by the nitrogen sorption isotherms. As a result, we found that for a given incorporation of a templating IL, both synthesis pathways produce very similar pore geometries, but the better incorporation efficacy of the new hydrolytic films provides higher mesoporosity. Our combined study provides a coherent view of mesopore geometry, and thereby an optimization pathway of porous ionic membranes in terms of accessible mesoporosity contributing to the specific surface. Possible applications include electrolyte membranes with improved ionic properties, e.g., in fuel cells and batteries, as well as molecular storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Sharma
- ICGM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Julian Oberdisse
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France.
| | - Johan G Alauzun
- ICGM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Thomas Bizien
- SOLEIL Synchrotron, L'Orme des Merisiers, Gif-Sur-Yvette, 91192 Saint-Aubin, France
| | - Cansu Akkaya
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France.
| | - Peter Hesemann
- ICGM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Caroline Genix
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France.
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Ahmad T, Kumar N, Kumar A, Mubashir M, Bokhari A, Paswan BK, Qiblawey H. Unveiling the potential of membrane in climate change mitigation and environmental resilience in ecosystem. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 245:117960. [PMID: 38135098 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Carbon capture technologies are becoming increasingly crucial in addressing global climate change issues by lowering CO2 emissions from industrial and power generation activities. Post-combustion carbon capture, which uses membranes instead of adsorbents, has emerged as one of promising and environmentally friendly approaches among these technologies. The operation of membrane technology is based on the premise of selectively separating CO2 from flue gas emissions. This provides a number of different benefits, including improved energy efficiency and decreased costs of operation. Because of its adaptability to changing conditions and its low impact on the surrounding ecosystem, it is an appealing choice for a diverse array of uses. However, there are still issues to be resolved, such as those pertaining to establishing a high selectivity, membrane degradation, and the costs of the necessary materials. In this article, we evaluate and explore the prospective applications and roles of membrane technologies to control climate change by post-combustion carbon capturing. The primary proposition suggests that the utilization of membrane-based carbon capture has the potential to make a substantial impact in mitigating CO2 emissions originating from industrial and power production activities. This is due to its heightened ability to selectively absorb carbon, better efficiency in energy consumption, and its flexibility to various applications. The forthcoming challenges and potential associated with the application of membranes in post-carbon capture are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tausif Ahmad
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India.
| | - Narendra Kumar
- Departamento de Engenharia de Minas e de Petróleo, Escola Politécnica da USP, Butantã, São Paulo, 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Abhinav Kumar
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Presidency University, Bangalore, India
| | - Muhammad Mubashir
- Saline Water Conversion Corporation (SWCC),Water Technologies Innovation Institute & Research Advancement-WTIIRA, Saudi Arabia; Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 2, Avenue de l'Université, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Awais Bokhari
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory, SPIL, NETME Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, INTI International University, Putra Nilai, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Bhola Kumar Paswan
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391760, India
| | - Hazim Qiblawey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P. O. Box - 2713, Doha, Qatar
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11
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Ghasemi F, Alizadeh M, Azamat J, Erfan-Niya H. Understanding the performance of RHO type zeolite membrane for CH 4/N 2 separation based on molecular dynamics and deep neural network methods. J Mol Graph Model 2024; 127:108673. [PMID: 37992551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
This study shows a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study on the performance of the RHO zeolite membrane for separating nitrogen from methane/nitrogen gas mixtures. The contamination of natural gas, predominantly composed of methane, with nitrogen diminishes its value. Zeolite membranes offer promising prospects for gas separation due to their stability, rigid pore structure, and molecular sieving properties. The study investigates the impact of pressure difference (up to 30 MPa), feed composition, and membrane thickness on the separation rate at a system temperature of 298 K. Results demonstrate that the RHO zeolite membrane exhibits high permeability and selectivity for N2 separation, surpassing the upper limit defined by Robson with a maximum permeability of 2.14 × 105 GPU (Gas Permeation Units). Exceptional selectivity of N2 over CH4 molecules is observed. Additionally, altering the feed composition and membrane thickness positively influences the membrane's separation performance, thereby enhancing its efficiency. The findings contribute to the advancement of separation technologies, providing valuable insights into the potential application of zeolite membranes for efficient N2 separation from CH4/N2 gas mixtures in natural gas processing. Furthermore, the study explores the use of Deep Neural Network (DNN) models to predict the membrane's performance under diverse operating conditions. The DNN models, trained using simulation data from MD simulations, exhibit high accuracy with a coefficient of determination (R2) exceeding 0.9, ensuring reliable predictions. The integration of DNN models facilitates the optimization of zeolite membrane-based gas separation systems, improving their design and operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ghasemi
- Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Alizadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Azamat
- Department of Chemistry Education, Farhangian University, P.O. Box 14665-889, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Erfan-Niya
- Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
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12
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Emamverdi F, Huang J, Razavi NM, Bojdys MJ, Foster AB, Budd PM, Böhning M, Schönhals A. Molecular Mobility and Gas Transport Properties of Mixed Matrix Membranes Based on PIM-1 and a Phosphinine Containing Covalent Organic Framework. Macromolecules 2024; 57:1829-1845. [PMID: 38435679 PMCID: PMC10902888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c02419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Polymers with intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) are gaining attention as gas separation membranes. Nevertheless, they face limitations due to their pronounced physical aging. In this study, a covalent organic framework containing λ5-phosphinine moieties, CPSF-EtO, was incorporated as a nanofiller (concentration range 0-10 wt %) into a PIM-1 matrix forming dense films with a thickness of ca. 100 μm. The aim of the investigation was to investigate possible enhancements of gas transport properties and mitigating effects on physical aging. The incorporation of the nanofiller occurred on an nanoaggregate level with domains up to 100 nm, as observed by T-SEM and confirmed by X-ray scattering. Moreover, the X-ray data show that the structure of the microporous network of the PIM-1 matrix is changed by the nanofiller. As molecular mobility is fundamental for gas transport as well as for physical aging, the study includes dielectric investigations of pure PIM-1 and PIM-1/CPSF-EtO mixed matrix membranes to establish a correlation between the molecular mobility and the gas transport properties. Using the time-lag method, the gas permeability and the permselectivity were determined for N2, O2, CH4, and CO2 for samples with variation in filler content. A significant increase in the permeability of CH4 and CO2 (50% increase compared to pure PIM-1) was observed for a concentration of 5 wt % of the nanofiller. Furthermore, the most pronounced change in the permselectivity was found for the gas pair CO2/N2 at a filler concentration of 7 wt %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Emamverdi
- Bundesanstalt
für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, Berlin 12205, Germany
| | - Jieyang Huang
- Department
of Chemistry, Humboldt University, Brook-Taylor Straße 2, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Negar Mosane Razavi
- Bundesanstalt
für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, Berlin 12205, Germany
| | - Michael J. Bojdys
- Department
of Chemistry, Humboldt University, Brook-Taylor Straße 2, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Andrew B. Foster
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M 13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Peter M. Budd
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M 13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Böhning
- Bundesanstalt
für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, Berlin 12205, Germany
| | - Andreas Schönhals
- Bundesanstalt
für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, Berlin 12205, Germany
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13
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Guo S, Yeo JY, Benedetti FM, Syar D, Swager TM, Smith ZP. A Microporous Poly(Arylene Ether) Platform for Membrane-Based Gas Separation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315611. [PMID: 38084884 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Membrane-based gas separations are crucial for an energy-efficient future. However, it is difficult to develop membrane materials that are high-performing, scalable, and processable. Microporous organic polymers (MOPs) combine benefits for gas sieving and solution processability. Herein, we report membrane performance for a new family of microporous poly(arylene ether)s (PAEs) synthesized via Pd-catalyzed C-O coupling reactions. The scaffold of these microporous polymers consists of rigid three-dimensional triptycene and stereocontorted spirobifluorene, endowing these polymers with micropore dimensions attractive for gas separations. This robust PAE synthesis method allows for the facile incorporation of functionalities and branched linkers for control of permeation and mechanical properties. A solution-processable branched polymer was formed into a submicron film and characterized for permeance and selectivity, revealing lab data that rivals property sets of commercially available membranes already optimized for much thinner configurations. Moreover, the branching motif endows these materials with outstanding plasticization resistance, and their microporous structure and stability enables benefits from competitive sorption, increasing CO2 /CH4 and (H2 S+CO2 )/CH4 selectivity in mixture tests as predicted by the dual-mode sorption model. The structural tunability, stability, and ease-of-processing suggest that this new platform of microporous polymers provides generalizable design strategies to form MOPs at scale for demanding gas separations in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Jing Ying Yeo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Francesco M Benedetti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Duha Syar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Timothy M Swager
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zachary P Smith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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14
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Kontos G, Tsioptsias C, Tsivintzelis I. Cellulose Acetate-Ionic Liquid Blends as Potential Polymers for Efficient CO 2 Separation Membranes. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:554. [PMID: 38399932 PMCID: PMC10891773 DOI: 10.3390/polym16040554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
CO2 capture, applied in CO2 separation from natural gas or in CO2/N2 separation from power plant flue gas streams, is of great importance for technical, economic, and environmental reasons. The latter seems important because CO2, as a greenhouse gas, is considered the main contributor to global warming. Using polymeric membranes for CO2 separation presents several advantages, such as low energy demand, small equipment volume, and the absence of liquid waste. In this study, two ionic liquids (ILs) were used for the preparation of cellulose acetate (CA)-IL blend membranes for potential CO2 capture applications, namely, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([Bmim+][HSO4-]) and choline glycine ([Ch+]Gly-), as they present adequate CO2 dissolution ability. The first IL is commercially available, whereas the latter was synthesized by a novel route. Several composite membranes were prepared through the solvent casting technique and characterized by a variety of methods, including thermogravimetry, calorimetry, FTIR spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The CO2 sorption in the composite membranes was experimentally measured using the mass loss analysis (MLA) technique. The results showed that the ILs strongly interacted with the C=O groups of CA, which exhibited high affinity with CO2. In the case of [Bmim+][HSO4-], a reduction in the available sites that allow strong intermolecular interactions with CO2 resulted in a decrease in CO2 sorption compared to that of pure CA. In the case of [Ch+]Gly-, the reduction was balanced out by the presence of specific groups in the IL, which presented high affinity with CO2. Thus, the CA-[Ch+]Gly- blend membranes exhibited increased CO2 sorption capability, in addition to other advantages such as non-toxicity and low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giannis Kontos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Costas Tsioptsias
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, 50132 Kozani, Greece
| | - Ioannis Tsivintzelis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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15
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Vuono D, Clarizia G, Ferreri L, Consoli GML, Zampino DC, Scalzo G, Petralia S, Bernardo P. Molecularly Mixed Composite Membranes for Gas Separation Based on Macrocycles Embedded in a Polyimide. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:460. [PMID: 38399838 PMCID: PMC10892679 DOI: 10.3390/polym16040460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyimides are a polymer class that has been extensively investigated as a membrane material for gas separation owing to its interesting permselective properties in a wide range of operation temperatures and pressures. In order to improve their properties, the addition of different filler types is currently studied. p-tert-Butylcalix[n]arene macrocycles (PTBCs) with different cavity sizes (PTBC4, PTBC6, PTBC8) were used as fillers in a commercial thermoplastic polyimide, with a concentration in the range 1-9 wt%, to develop nanocomposite membranes for gas separation. The selected macrocycles are attractive organic compounds owing to their porous structure and affinity with organic polymers. The nanocomposite membranes were prepared in the form of films in which the polymeric matrix is a continuous phase incorporating the dispersed additives. The preparation was carried out according to a pre-mixing approach in a mutual solvent, and the solution casting was followed by a controlled solvent evaporation. The films were characterized by investigating their miscibility, morphology, thermal and spectral properties. The gas transport through these films was examined as a function of the temperature and also time. The results evidenced that the incorporation of the chosen nanoporous fillers can be exploited to enhance molecular transport, offering additional pathways and promoting rearrangements of the polymeric chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Vuono
- Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-CNR), 87036 Rende, Italy
| | | | - Loredana Ferreri
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB-CNR), 95126 Catania, Italy
| | | | | | - Giuseppina Scalzo
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Petralia
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Paola Bernardo
- Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-CNR), 87036 Rende, Italy
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16
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Ho CD, Chen L, Tu JW, Lin YC, Lim JW, Chen ZZ. Investigation of CO 2 Absorption Rate in Gas/Liquid Membrane Contactors with Inserting 3D Printing Mini-Channel Turbulence Promoters. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:899. [PMID: 38132903 PMCID: PMC10744762 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13120899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The CO2 absorption by Monoethanolamine (MEA) solutions as chemical absorption was conducted in the membrane gas absorption module with inserting 3D mini-channel turbulence promoters of the present work. A mathematical modeling of CO2 absorption flux was analyzed by using the chemical absorption theory based on mass-transfer resistances in series. The membrane absorption module with embedding 3D mini-channel turbulence promoters in the current study indicated that the CO2 absorption rate improvement is achieved due to the diminishing concentration polarization effect nearby the membrane surfaces. A simplified regression equation of the average Sherwood number was correlated to express the enhanced mass-transfer coefficient of the CO2 absorption. The experimental results and theoretical predictions showed that the absorption flux improvement was significantly improved with implementing 3D mini-channel turbulence promoters. The experimental results of CO2 absorption fluxes were performed in good agreement with the theoretical predictions in aqueous MEA solutions. A further absorption flux enhancement up to 30.56% was accomplished as compared to the results in the previous work, which the module was inserted the promoter without mini channels. The influences of the MEA absorbent flow rates and inlet CO2 concentrations on the absorption flux and absorption flux improvement are also illustrated under both concurrent- and countercurrent-flow operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chii-Dong Ho
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tamkang University, Tamsui, New Taipei 251301, Taiwan (Y.-C.L.); (Z.-Z.C.)
| | - Luke Chen
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Tamkang University, Tamsui, New Taipei 251301, Taiwan;
| | - Jr-Wei Tu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tamkang University, Tamsui, New Taipei 251301, Taiwan (Y.-C.L.); (Z.-Z.C.)
| | - Yu-Chen Lin
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tamkang University, Tamsui, New Taipei 251301, Taiwan (Y.-C.L.); (Z.-Z.C.)
| | - Jun-Wei Lim
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia;
- Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Zheng-Zhong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tamkang University, Tamsui, New Taipei 251301, Taiwan (Y.-C.L.); (Z.-Z.C.)
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17
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Pakdel S, Erfan-Niya H, Azamat J, Hasanzadeh A. Highly efficient helium purification through a dual-membrane system: insights from molecular dynamics simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:30572-30582. [PMID: 37929921 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04797k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Almost all helium is resourced from natural gas reservoirs. Hence, it is essential to develop new efficient technologies to recover helium from natural gas. In this work, we propose a novel dual membrane system, consisting of C2N (M1) and graphdiyne (M2) membranes, to separate and purify helium from a ternary gas mixture of He/N2/CH4. In this regard, we performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the separation performance of the proposed system. Here, we explored the effect of applied pressure (up to 2 MPa) and the feed composition on the separation performance. The simulation results revealed that in the designed system, the M1 membrane allows He and N2 to diffuse through and prevents CH4 from crossing even at an applied pressure gradient. Next, the M2 membrane only allows He to transfer through and prevents N2 from crossing even at the applied pressure gradient. As a result, the dual membrane system showed a high He permeance of 2.5 × 106 GPU and ultrahigh He selectivity. In addition, the suggested dual membrane system could separate three components simultaneously at the applied pressure of 2 MPa, which implies the outstanding performance of the system. We also analyzed the density map, the van der Waals interactions, and the potential of the mean force calculations to better understand the permeation of gas species across the designed system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Pakdel
- Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Hamid Erfan-Niya
- Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Jafar Azamat
- Department of Chemistry Education, Farhangian University, P.O. Box 14665-889, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hasanzadeh
- Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
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18
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Liu Y, Zhang Z, Li Z, Wei X, Zhao F, Fan C, Jiang Z. Surface Segregation Methods toward Molecular Separation Membranes. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2300737. [PMID: 37668447 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
As a highly promising approach to solving the issues of energy and environment, membrane technology has gained increasing attention in various fields including water treatment, liquid separations, and gas separations, owing to its high energy efficiency and eco-friendliness. Surface segregation, a phenomenon widely found in nature, exhibits irreplaceable advantages in membrane fabrication since it is an in situ method for synchronous modification of membrane and pore surfaces during the membrane forming process. Meanwhile, combined with the development of synthesis chemistry and nanomaterial, the group has developed surface segregation as a versatile membrane fabrication method using diverse surface segregation agents. In this review, the recent breakthroughs in surface segregation methods and their applications in membrane fabrication are first briefly introduced. Then, the surface segregation phenomena and the classification of surface segregation agents are discussed. As the major part of this review, the authors focus on surface segregation methods including free surface segregation, forced surface segregation, synergistic surface segregation, and reaction-enhanced surface segregation. The strategies for regulating the physical and chemical microenvironments of membrane and pore surfaces through the surface segregation method are emphasized. The representative applications of surface segregation membranes are presented. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Ecological Civilization, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Ecological Civilization, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, China
| | - Zongmei Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Ecological Civilization, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaocui Wei
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Ecological Civilization, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, China
| | - Fu Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Ecological Civilization, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, China
| | - Chunyang Fan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Ecological Civilization, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, China
| | - Zhongyi Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Ecological Civilization, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
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19
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Saif-ur-Rehman, Shozab Mehdi M, Fakhar-e-Alam M, Asif M, Rehman J, A. Alshgari R, Jamal M, Uz Zaman S, Umar M, Rafiq S, Muhammad N, Fawad JB, Shafiee SA. Deep Eutectic Solvent Coated Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Based Polysulfone Membrane to Mitigate Environmental Toxicology. Molecules 2023; 28:7162. [PMID: 37894641 PMCID: PMC10609010 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, ceria nanoparticles (NPs) and deep eutectic solvent (DES) were synthesized, and the ceria-NP's surfaces were modified by DES to form DES-ceria NP filler to develop mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). For the sake of interface engineering, MMMs of 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% filler loadings were fabricated using solution casting technique. The characterizations of SEM, FTIR and TGA of synthesized membranes were performed. SEM represented the surface and cross-sectional morphology of membranes, which indicated that the filler is uniformly dispersed in the polysulfone. FTIR was used to analyze the interaction between the filler and support, which showed there was no reaction between the polymer and DES-ceria NPs as all the peaks were consistent, and TGA provided the variation in the membrane materials with respect to temperature, which categorized all of the membranes as very stable and showed that the trend of stability increases with respect to DES-ceria NPs filler loading. For the evaluation of efficiency of the MMMs, the gas permeation was tested. The permeability of CO2 was improved in comparison with the pristine Polysulfone (PSF) membrane and enhanced selectivities of 35.43 (αCO2/CH4) and 39.3 (αCO2/N2) were found. Hence, the DES-ceria NP-based MMMs proved useful in mitigating CO2 from a gaseous mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif-ur-Rehman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan; (M.J.); (J.b.F.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shozab Mehdi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi 23460, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; (S.U.Z.); (M.U.)
| | - Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam
- Department of Physics, GC University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan; (M.F.-e.-A.); (M.A.)
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Department of Physics, GC University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan; (M.F.-e.-A.); (M.A.)
| | - Javed Rehman
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China;
- Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University, Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia;
- MEU Research Unit, Middle East University, Amman 541350, Jordan
| | - Razan A. Alshgari
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muddasar Jamal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan; (M.J.); (J.b.F.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Shafiq Uz Zaman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi 23460, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; (S.U.Z.); (M.U.)
| | - Muhammad Umar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi 23460, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; (S.U.Z.); (M.U.)
| | - Sikander Rafiq
- Department of Chemical, Polymer and Composite Materials Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, New Campus, Lahore 39161, Punjab, Pakistan;
| | - Nawshad Muhammad
- Department of Dental Materials, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25100, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan;
| | - Junaid bin Fawad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan; (M.J.); (J.b.F.)
| | - Saiful Arifin Shafiee
- Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University, Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia;
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20
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Kamal Setiawan W, Chiang KY. Enhancement strategies of poly(ether-block-amide) copolymer membranes for CO 2 separation: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 338:139478. [PMID: 37451639 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ether-block-amide) (Pebax) membranes have become the preferred CO2 separation membrane because of their excellent CO2 affinity and robust mechanical resistance. Nevertheless, their development must be considered to overcome the typical obstacles in polymeric membranes, including the perm-selectivity trade-off, plasticization, and physical aging. This article discusses the recent enhancement strategies as a guideline for designing and developing Pebax membranes. Five strategies were developed in the past few years to improve Pebax gas transport properties, including crosslinking, mobile carrier attachment, polymer blending, filler incorporation, and the hybrid technique. Among them, filler incorporation and the hybrid technique were most favorable for boosting CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 separation performance with a trade-off-free profile. On the other hand, modified Pebax membranes must deal with two latent issues, mechanical strength loss, and perm-selectivity off-balance. Therefore, exploring novel materials with unique structures and surface properties will be promising for further research. In addition, seeking eco-friendly additives has become worthwhile for establishing Pebax membrane sustainable development for gas separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahyu Kamal Setiawan
- Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Universitas Internasional Semen Indonesia, SIG Buiding Complex, Veteran Street, Gresik, East Java, 61122, Indonesia; Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Chung-Da Road., Chung-Li District, Tao-Yuan City, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Yuh Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Chung-Da Road., Chung-Li District, Tao-Yuan City, 32001, Taiwan.
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21
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Choi E, Kwon O, Hoo Lee C, Woo Kim D. Metal-Organic Framework Membrane Hybridized with Graphitic Materials for Gas Separation. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202300173. [PMID: 37525991 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are an exceptional class of crystalline materials that have been extensively used to fabricate membranes for various applications such as gas separation, ion transport, and desalination due to their well-defined pore structure, chemical features, and simple synthesis process. The incorporation of graphitic carbon materials in MOFs has garnered significant attention as it can provide abundant nucleation sites and modulate gas transport by influencing the orientation or rigidity of MOF crystals without changing their porous structure. This review insights of previous studies utilizing graphene, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, and graphene nanoribbons for MOF-based gas separation membranes, particularly focusing on polycrystalline MOF membrane hybridization with graphitic materials. We also briefly discuss the use of carbon/MOF hybrid materials for preparing mixed matrix membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50 Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ohchan Kwon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50 Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, California, USA
| | - Choong Hoo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50 Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Woo Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50 Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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22
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Carta M, Antonangelo AR, Jansen JC, Longo M. The Difference in Performance and Compatibility between Crystalline and Amorphous Fillers in Mixed Matrix Membranes for Gas Separation (MMMs). Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2951. [PMID: 37447596 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of high-performing gas separation membranes is reported almost on a daily basis, yet only a few of them have reached commercialisation while the rest are still considered pure research outcomes. This is often attributable to a rapid change in the performance of these separation systems over a relatively short time. A common approach to address this issue is the development of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). These hybrid systems typically utilise either crystalline or amorphous additives, so-called fillers, which are incorporated into polymeric membranes at different loadings, with the aim to improve and stabilise the final gas separation performance. After a general introduction to the most relevant models to describe the transport properties in MMMs, this review intends to investigate and discuss the main advantages and disadvantages derived from the inclusion of fillers of different morphologies. Particular emphasis will be given to the study of the compatibility at the interface between the filler and the matrix created by the two different classes of additives, the inorganic and crystalline fillers vs. their organic and amorphous counterparts. It will conclude with a brief summary of the main findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariolino Carta
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Grove Building, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Ariana R Antonangelo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Grove Building, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Johannes Carolus Jansen
- Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ITM), Via P. Bucci 17/C, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Mariagiulia Longo
- Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ITM), Via P. Bucci 17/C, 87036 Rende, Italy
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23
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Da Conceicao M, Nemetz L, Rivero J, Hornbostel K, Lipscomb G. Gas Separation Membrane Module Modeling: A Comprehensive Review. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:639. [PMID: 37505005 PMCID: PMC10384872 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13070639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Membrane gas separation processes have been developed for diverse gas separation applications that include nitrogen production from air and CO2 capture from point sources. Membrane process design requires the development of stable and robust mathematical models that can accurately quantify the performance of the membrane modules used in the process. The literature related to modeling membrane gas separation modules and model use in membrane gas separation process simulators is reviewed in this paper. A membrane-module-modeling checklist is proposed to guide modeling efforts for the research and development of new gas separation membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Da Conceicao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Leo Nemetz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Joanna Rivero
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Katherine Hornbostel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Glenn Lipscomb
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
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24
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Soleimani R, Saeedi Dehaghani AH. A theoretical probe into the separation of CO 2/CH 4/N 2 mixtures with polysulfone/polydimethylsiloxane-nano zinc oxide MMM. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9543. [PMID: 37308483 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36051-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current investigation, molecular dynamics (MD) and Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulation as remarkable and competent approaches have been employed for understanding structural and transport properties of MMMs in the realm of gas separation. The two commonly used polymers i.e. polysulfone (Psf) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as well as zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle (NP) were used to carefully examine the transport properties of three light gasses (CO2, N2 and CH4) through simple Psf, Psf/PDMS composite loaded by different amounts of ZnO NP. Also, the fractional free volume (FFV), X-ray diffraction (XRD), glass transition temperature (Tg), and Equilibrium density were calculated to scrutinize the structural characterizations of the membranes. Moreover, the effect of feed pressure (4-16 bar) on gas separation performance of simulated MMMs was investigated. Results obtained in different experiments showed a clear improvement in the performance of simulated membranes by adding PDMS to PSf matrix. The selectivity of studied MMMs was in the range from 50.91 to 63.05 at pressures varying from 4 to 16 bar for the CO2/N2 gas pair, whereas the corresponding value for CO2/CH4 system was found to be in the range 27.27-46.24. For 6 wt% ZnO in 80%PSf + 20%PDMS membrane, high permeabilities of 78.02, 2.86 and 1.33 barrers were observed for CO2, CH4 and N2 gases, respectively. The 90%PSf + 10%PDMS membrane with 2% ZnO had a highest CO2/N2 selectivity value of 63.05 and its CO2 permeability at 8 bar was 57 barrer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Soleimani
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-143, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Saeedi Dehaghani
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-143, Tehran, Iran.
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25
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Jasim DJ, Mohammed TJ, Harharah HN, Harharah RH, Amari A, Abid MF. Modeling and Optimal Operating Conditions of Hollow Fiber Membrane for CO 2/CH 4 Separation. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:557. [PMID: 37367761 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13060557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the capture of carbon dioxide using a dense hollow fiber membrane was studied experimentally and theoretically. The factors affecting the flux and recovery of carbon dioxide were studied using a lab-scale system. Experiments were conducted using a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide to simulate natural gas. The effect of changing the CO2 concentration from 2 to 10 mol%, the feed pressure from 2.5 to 7.5 bar, and the feed temperature from 20 to 40 °C, was investigated. Depending on the solution diffusion mechanism, coupled with the Dual sorption model, a comprehensive model was implemented to predict the CO2 flux through the membrane, based on resistance in the series model. Subsequently, a 2D axisymmetric model of a multilayer HFM was proposed to simulate the axial and radial diffusion of carbon dioxide in a membrane. In the three domains of fiber, the CFD technique was used to solve the equations for the transfer of momentum and mass transfer by using the COMSOL 5.6. Modeling results were validated with 27 experiments, and there was a good agreement between the simulation results and the experimental data. The experimental results show the effect of operational factors, such as the fact that temperature was directly on both gas diffusivity and mass transfer coefficient. Meanwhile, the effect of pressure was exactly the opposite, and the concentration of CO2 had almost no effect on both the diffusivity and the mass transfer coefficient. In addition, the CO2 recovery changed from 9% at a pressure equal to 2.5 bar, temperature equal to 20 °C, and a concentration of CO2 equal to 2 mol%, to 30.3% at a pressure equal to 7.5 bar, temperature equal to 30 °C, and concentration of CO2 equal 10 mol%; these conditions are the optimal operating point. The results also manifested that the operational factors that directly affect the flux are pressure and CO2 concentration, while there was no clear effect of temperature. This modeling offers valuable data about the feasibility studies and economic evaluation of a gas separation unit operation as a helpful unit in the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dheyaa J Jasim
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Al-Amarah University College, Maysan 62006, Iraq
- General Company for Food Products, Ministry of Industry and Minerals, Baghdad 10011, Iraq
| | - Thamer J Mohammed
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad 10011, Iraq
| | - Hamed N Harharah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramzi H Harharah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelfattah Amari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratory of Processes, Energetics, Environment and Electrical Systems, Department of Chemical Engineering and Processes, National School of Engineers, Gabes University, Gabes 6072, Tunisia
| | - Mohammed F Abid
- Department of Oil & Gas Refining Engineering, Al-Turath University College, Baghdad 27134, Iraq
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26
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Pedico A, Baudino L, Aixalà-Perelló A, Lamberti A. Green Methods for the Fabrication of Graphene Oxide Membranes: From Graphite to Membranes. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:429. [PMID: 37103856 PMCID: PMC10145855 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13040429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) has shown great potential as a membrane material due to its unique properties, including high mechanical strength, excellent thermal stability, versatility, tunability, and outperforming molecular sieving capabilities. GO membranes can be used in a wide range of applications, such as water treatment, gas separation, and biological applications. However, the large-scale production of GO membranes currently relies on energy-intensive chemical methods that use hazardous chemicals, leading to safety and environmental concerns. Therefore, more sustainable and greener approaches to GO membrane production are needed. In this review, several strategies proposed so far are analyzed, including a discussion on the use of eco-friendly solvents, green reducing agents, and alternative fabrication techniques, both for the preparation of the GO powders and their assembly in membrane form. The characteristics of these approaches aiming to reduce the environmental impact of GO membrane production while maintaining the performance, functionality, and scalability of the membrane are evaluated. In this context, the purpose of this work is to shed light on green and sustainable routes for GO membranes' production. Indeed, the development of green approaches for GO membrane production is crucial to ensure its sustainability and promote its widespread use in various industrial application fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Pedico
- Politecnico di Torino, Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia (DISAT), Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Sustainable Future Technologies, Via Livorno, 60, 10144 Torino, Italy
| | - Luisa Baudino
- Politecnico di Torino, Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia (DISAT), Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Anna Aixalà-Perelló
- Politecnico di Torino, Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia (DISAT), Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Sustainable Future Technologies, Via Livorno, 60, 10144 Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Lamberti
- Politecnico di Torino, Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia (DISAT), Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Sustainable Future Technologies, Via Livorno, 60, 10144 Torino, Italy
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27
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Papchenko K, Ricci E, De Angelis MG. Modelling across Multiple Scales to Design Biopolymer Membranes for Sustainable Gas Separations: 1—Atomistic Approach. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071805. [PMID: 37050418 PMCID: PMC10097394 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we assessed the CO2 and CH4 sorption and transport in copolymers of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 3-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV), which showed good CO2 capture potential in our previous papers, thanks to their good solubility–selectivity, and are potential biodegradable alternatives to standard membrane-separation materials. Experimental tests were carried out on a commercial material containing 8% of 3-hydroxyvalerate (HV), while molecular modelling was used to screen the performance of the copolymers across the entire composition range by simulating structures with 0%, 8%, 60%, and 100% HV, with the aim to provide a guide for the selection of the membrane material. The polymers were simulated using molecular dynamics (MD) models and validated against experimental density, solubility parameters, and X-ray diffraction. The CO2/CH4 solubility–selectivity predicted by the Widom insertion method is in good agreement with experimental data, while the diffusivity–selectivity obtained via mean square displacement is somewhat overestimated. Overall, simulations indicate promising behaviour for the homopolymer containing 100% of HV. In part 2 of this series of papers, we will investigate the same biomaterials using a macroscopic model for polymers and compare the accuracy and performance of the two approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniya Papchenko
- Institute for Materials and Processes, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Sanderson Building, Robert Stevenson Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK
| | - Eleonora Ricci
- Department of Civil, Chemical Environmental and Materials Engineering, DICAM, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia De Angelis
- Institute for Materials and Processes, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Sanderson Building, Robert Stevenson Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology INSTM, Via G. Giusti, 58100 Firenze, Italy
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28
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Yu Y, Lundin STB, Obata K, Sarathy SM, Takanabe K. Improved Homogeneous–Heterogeneous Kinetic Mechanism Using a Langmuir–Hinshelwood-Based Microkinetic Model for High-Pressure Oxidative Coupling of Methane. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c04678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Yu
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Sean-Thomas B. Lundin
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Keisuke Obata
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - S. Mani Sarathy
- Clean Combustion Research Center (CCRC) and Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 4700 KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), 4700 KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kazuhiro Takanabe
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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29
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Cong S, Feng X, Guo L, Peng D, Wang J, Chen J, Zhang Y, Shen X, Yang G. Rational Design of Mixed Matrix Membranes Modulated by Trisilver Complex for Efficient Propylene/Propane Separation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206858. [PMID: 36748960 PMCID: PMC10074071 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The application of membrane-based separation processes for propylene/propane (C3 H6 /C3 H8 ) is extremely promising and attractive as it is poised to reduce the high operation cost of the established low temperature distillation process, but major challenges remain in achieving high gas selectivity/permeability and long-term membrane stability. Herein, a C3 H6 facilitated transport membrane using trisilver pyrazolate (Ag3 pz3 ) as a carrier filler is reported, which is uniformly dispersed in a polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-1) matrix at the molecular level (≈15 nm), verified by several analytical techniques, including 3D-reconstructed focused ion beam scanning electron microscropy (FIB-SEM) tomography. The π-acidic Ag3 pz3 combines preferentially with π-basic C3 H6 , which is confirmed by density functional theory calculations showing that the silver ions in Ag3 pz3 form a reversible π complex with C3 H6 , endowing the membranes with superior C3 H6 affinity. The resulting membranes exhibit superior stability, C3 H6 /C3 H8 selectivity as high as ≈200 and excellent C3 H6 permeability of 306 Barrer, surpassing the upper bound selectivity/permeability performance line of polymeric membranes. This work provides a conceptually new approach of using coordinatively unsaturated 0D complexes as fillers in mixed matrix membranes, which can accomplish olefin/alkane separation with high performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenzhen Cong
- School of Chemical EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China
| | - Xiaoquan Feng
- School of Chemical EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China
| | - Lili Guo
- College of ChemistryZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China
| | - Donglai Peng
- School of Material & Chemical EngineeringZhengzhou University of Light IndustryZhengzhou450001China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Chemical EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China
| | - Jinghuo Chen
- College of ChemistryZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China
| | - Yatao Zhang
- School of Chemical EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China
| | - Xiangjian Shen
- School of Chemical EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China
| | - Guang Yang
- College of ChemistryZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China
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30
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Jakubski Ł, Dudek G, Turczyn R. Applicability of Composite Magnetic Membranes in Separation Processes of Gaseous and Liquid Mixtures-A Review. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:384. [PMID: 37103811 PMCID: PMC10142046 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13040384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have shown a growing interest in the application of membranes exhibiting magnetic properties in various separation processes. The aim of this review is to provide an in-depth overview of magnetic membranes that can be successfully applied for gas separation, pervaporation, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, adsorption, electrodialysis, and reverse osmosis. Based on the comparison of the efficiency of these separation processes using magnetic and non-magnetic membranes, it has been shown that magnetic particles used as fillers in polymer composite membranes can significantly improve the efficiency of separation of both gaseous and liquid mixtures. This observed separation enhancement is due to the variation of magnetic susceptibility of different molecules and distinct interactions with dispersed magnetic fillers. For gas separation, the most effective magnetic membrane consists of polyimide filled with MQFP-B particles, for which the separation factor (αrat O2/N2) increased by 211% when compared to the non-magnetic membrane. The same MQFP powder used as a filler in alginate membranes significantly improves water/ethanol separation via pervaporation, reaching a separation factor of 12,271.0. For other separation methods, poly(ethersulfone) nanofiltration membranes filled with ZnFe2O4@SiO2 demonstrated a more than four times increase in water flux when compared to the non-magnetic membranes for water desalination. The information gathered in this article can be used to further improve the separation efficiency of individual processes and to expand the application of magnetic membranes to other branches of industry. Furthermore, this review also highlights the need for further development and theoretical explanation of the role of magnetic forces in separation processes, as well as the potential for extending the concept of magnetic channels to other separation methods, such as pervaporation and ultrafiltration. This article provides valuable insights into the application of magnetic membranes and lays the groundwork for future research and development in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Jakubski
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Gabriela Dudek
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Roman Turczyn
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Centre for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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31
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Shen J, Salmon S. Biocatalytic Membranes for Carbon Capture and Utilization. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:membranes13040367. [PMID: 37103794 PMCID: PMC10146961 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13040367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Innovative carbon capture technologies that capture CO2 from large point sources and directly from air are urgently needed to combat the climate crisis. Likewise, corresponding technologies are needed to convert this captured CO2 into valuable chemical feedstocks and products that replace current fossil-based materials to close the loop in creating viable pathways for a renewable economy. Biocatalytic membranes that combine high reaction rates and enzyme selectivity with modularity, scalability, and membrane compactness show promise for both CO2 capture and utilization. This review presents a systematic examination of technologies under development for CO2 capture and utilization that employ both enzymes and membranes. CO2 capture membranes are categorized by their mode of action as CO2 separation membranes, including mixed matrix membranes (MMM) and liquid membranes (LM), or as CO2 gas-liquid membrane contactors (GLMC). Because they selectively catalyze molecular reactions involving CO2, the two main classes of enzymes used for enhancing membrane function are carbonic anhydrase (CA) and formate dehydrogenase (FDH). Small organic molecules designed to mimic CA enzyme active sites are also being developed. CO2 conversion membranes are described according to membrane functionality, the location of enzymes relative to the membrane, which includes different immobilization strategies, and regeneration methods for cofactors. Parameters crucial for the performance of these hybrid systems are discussed with tabulated examples. Progress and challenges are discussed, and perspectives on future research directions are provided.
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32
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Mei B, Lin TW, Sheridan GS, Evans CM, Sing CE, Schweizer KS. How Segmental Dynamics and Mesh Confinement Determine the Selective Diffusivity of Molecules in Cross-Linked Dense Polymer Networks. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:508-518. [PMID: 36968535 PMCID: PMC10037493 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c01373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The diffusion of molecules ("penetrants") of variable size, shape, and chemistry through dense cross-linked polymer networks is a fundamental scientific problem broadly relevant in materials, polymer, physical, and biological chemistry. Relevant applications include separation membranes, barrier materials, drug delivery, and nanofiltration. A major open question is the relationship between transport, thermodynamic state, and penetrant and polymer chemical structure. Here we combine experiment, simulation, and theory to unravel these competing effects on penetrant transport in rubbery and supercooled polymer permanent networks over a wide range of cross-link densities, size ratios, and temperatures. The crucial importance of the coupling of local penetrant hopping to polymer structural relaxation and the secondary importance of mesh confinement effects are established. Network cross-links strongly slow down nm-scale polymer relaxation, which greatly retards the activated penetrant diffusion. The demonstrated good agreement between experiment, simulation, and theory provides strong support for the size ratio (penetrant diameter to the polymer Kuhn length) as a key variable and the usefulness of coarse-grained simulation and theoretical models that average over Angstrom scale structure. The developed theory provides an understanding of the physical processes underlying the behaviors observed in experiment and simulation and suggests new strategies for enhancing selective polymer membrane design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baicheng Mei
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials
Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Tsai-Wei Lin
- Department
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials
Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Grant S. Sheridan
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials
Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Christopher M. Evans
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials
Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Charles E. Sing
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials
Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Kenneth S. Schweizer
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials
Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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33
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Chen M, Hu G, Shen T, Zhang H, Sun JZ, Tang BZ. Applications of Polyacetylene Derivatives in Gas and Liquid Separation. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062748. [PMID: 36985720 PMCID: PMC10053683 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As a low energy consumption, simple operation and environmentally friendly separation method, membrane separation has attracted extensive attention. Therefore, researchers have designed and synthesized various types of separation membrane, such as metal organic framework (MOF), covalent organic framework (COF), polymer of intrinsic micro-porosity (PIM) and mixed matrix membranes. Some substituted polyacetylenes have distorted structures and formed micropores due to the existence of rigid main chains and substituted side groups, which can be applied to the field of membrane separation. This article mainly introduces the development and application of substituted polyacetylenes in gas separation and liquid separation based on membrane technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manyu Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Guangze Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Tanxiao Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Haoke Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Centre of Healthcare Materials, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing 312000, China
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Jing Zhi Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Centre of Healthcare Materials, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
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34
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Patil D, Gupta T. Realizing high performance gas filters through nano-particle deposition. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:9300-9310. [PMID: 36920157 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03825k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the separation of a mixture of hydrogen and methane in equal proportions, using a thin film comprised of 10 layers of nanoparticles deposited layer-wise using our "two-point sticking algorithm" which simulates controlled agglomeration of such nanoparticles. We simulate the process of gas separation using LAMMPS. We have studied the scenario where nanoparticles act like hard spheres, maintaining their shape and size, similar to what has been demonstrated by experiments involving self-assembled nanoparticle thin films. We consider the pressure dependence of the results by working at 3 different initial pressures, 0.1 × P0, 0.5 × P0 and P0, where P0 is the atmospheric pressure. Three different diameters of the nanoparticles, namely 3 nm, 6 nm and 9 nm, are considered, and therefore the overall thickness of the membranes considered ranges from 30 nm to 90 nm. We obtained perm-selectivity values that are significantly higher than the Robeson line for hydrogen-methane gas separation, indicating the novelty and therefore the significant applications of this work. We find that while the permeance of hydrogen remains more or less steady with a ten-fold increase of pressure, the corresponding fall in methane's permeance is very sharp. The fall in methane's permeance with increasing pressure is more pronounced the smaller the nanoparticles of the membrane being used. This results in an even higher selectivity at higher pressure for smaller nanoparticle based membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruva Patil
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, R. V. College of Engineering, Bangalore, 560059, India
| | - Tribikram Gupta
- Department of Physics, R. V. College of Engineering, Bangalore, 560059, India.
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Hirosawa F, Watanabe K, Miyagawa M, Takaba H. Direct evaluation of void effect on gas permeation in mixed matrix membrane by non-equilibrium molecular dynamics. J Memb Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2023.121594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Ho CD, Chang H, Chen YH, Chew TL, Ke JW. Investigation on the Performance of CO 2 Absorption in Ceramic Hollow-Fiber Gas/Liquid Membrane Contactors. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:249. [PMID: 36837752 PMCID: PMC9963623 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13020249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The absorption efficiencies of CO2 in ceramic hollow-fiber membrane contactors using monoethanolamine (MEA) absorbent under both cocurrent- and countercurrent-flow operations were investigated theoretically and experimentally; various MEA absorbent flow rates, CO2 feed flow rates, and inlet CO2 concentrations were used as parameters. Theoretical predictions of the CO2 absorption flux were analyzed by developing the mathematical formulations based on Happel's free surface model in terms of mass transfer resistances in series. The experiments of the CO2 absorption were conducted by using alumina (Al2O3) hollow-fiber membranes to confirm the accuracy of the theoretical predictions. The simplified expression of the Sherwood number was formulated to calculate the mass transfer coefficient of the CO2 absorption incorporating experimental data. The data were obtained numerically using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method to predict the concentration distribution and absorption rate enhancement under various fiber packing configurations accomplished by the CO2/N2 stream passing through the fiber cells. The operations of the hollow-fiber membrane contactor encapsulating N = 7 fiber cells and N = 19 fiber cells of different packing densities were fabricated in this work to examine the device performance. The accuracy derivation between experimental results and theoretical predictions for cocurrent- and countercurrent-flow operations were 1.31×10-2≤E≤4.35×10-2 and 3.90×10-3≤E≤2.43×10-2, respectively. A maximum of 965.5% CO2 absorption rate enhancement was found in the module with embedding multiple fiber cells compared with that in the device with inserting single-fiber cell. Implementing more fiber cells offers an inexpensive method of improving the absorption efficiency, and thus the operations of the ceramic hollow-fiber membrane contactor with implementing more fiber cells propose a low-priced design to improve the absorption rate enhancement. The higher overall CO2 absorption rate was achieved in countercurrent-flow operations than that in cocurrent-flow operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chii-Dong Ho
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei 251301, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei 251301, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei 251301, Taiwan
| | - Thiam Leng Chew
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia
- CO2 Research Center (CO2RES), Institute of Contaminant Management, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia
| | - Jui-Wei Ke
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei 251301, Taiwan
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Krishna Sahith Sayani J, English NJ, Khan MS, Ali A. A prediction model to predict the thermodynamic conditions of gas hydrates. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137550. [PMID: 36521742 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Gas Hydrate modelling has gained huge attention in the past decade due to its increase in usage for various energy as well as environmental applications at an industrial scale. As the experimental approach is highly expensive and time-consuming, modelling is the best way to predict the conditions before the actual applications at industrial scales. The commercial software currently existing uses the equation of states (EOS) to predict the thermodynamic conditions of gas hydrates. But, in certain cases, the prediction by using EOS fails to predict the hydrate conditions accurately. Therefore, there arose a need for an accurate prediction model to estimate the hydrate formation conditions. So, in this work, an accurate prediction model has been proposed to predict the thermodynamic equilibrium conditions of the gas hydrate formation. The performance of prediction accuracy for the proposed model is compared with those of the SRK equation of state and Peng Robinson (PR) Equation of state. It was observed that in most of the cases the proposed model has predicted the thermodynamic conditions more accurately than the PR and SRK equation of state. This work helps in understanding the limitations of EOS for the prediction hydrate conditions. Also, the current work helps in strengthening the conventional statistical modelling technique to predict the hydrate conditions for a broader range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai Krishna Sahith Sayani
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niall J English
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Muhammad Saad Khan
- CO(2) Research Center, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Abulhassan Ali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jeddah University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Grushevenko EA, Rokhmanka TN, Borisov IL, Volkov AV, Bazhenov SD. Effect of OH-Group Introduction on Gas and Liquid Separation Properties of Polydecylmethylsiloxane. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030723. [PMID: 36772023 PMCID: PMC9920278 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane development for specific separation tasks is a current and important topic. In this work, the influence of OH-groups introduced in polydecylmethylsiloxane (PDecMS) was shown on the separation of CO2 from air and aldehydes from hydroformylation reaction media. OH-groups were introduced to PDecMS during hydrosilylation reaction by adding 1-decene with undecenol-1 to polymethylhydrosiloxane, and further cross-linking. Flat sheet composite membranes were developed based on these polymers. For obtained membranes, transport and separation properties were studied for individual gases (CO2, N2, O2) and liquids (1-hexene, 1-heptene, 1-octene, 1-nonene, heptanal and decanal). Sorption measurements were carried out for an explanation of difference in transport properties. The general trend was a decrease in membrane permeability with the introduction of OH groups. The presence of OH groups in the siloxane led to a significant increase in the selectivity of permeability with respect to acidic components. For example, on comparing PDecMS and OH-PDecMS (~7% OH-groups to decyl), it was shown that selectivity heptanal/1-hexene increased eight times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia A. Grushevenko
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.A.G.); (A.V.V.)
| | - Tatiana N. Rokhmanka
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya L. Borisov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Volkov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Biological and Environmental Science, and Engineering Division (BESE), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPM), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (E.A.G.); (A.V.V.)
| | - Stepan D. Bazhenov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Tabaght FE, Azzaoui K, Idrissi AE, Jodeh S, Khalaf B, Rhazi L, Bellaouchi R, Asehraou A, Hammouti B, Sabbahi R. Synthesis, characterization, and biodegradation studies of new cellulose-based polymers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1673. [PMID: 36717660 PMCID: PMC9887067 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28298-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
New cellulose carbamates and cellulose acetate carbamates were prepared by classical addition reaction of isocyanates with alcohols. A Telomerization technique was used to make the grafted molecules strongly anchored and more hydrophobic. These molecules were grafted into cellulose and CA chains, respectively. The structures of the synthesized derivatives were confirmed using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared and Thermogravimetric Analysis, and their solubility phenomenon was also established, and the carbamate derivatives showed better solubility compared to cellulose. Their ability to biodegrade was investigated, and it was concluded that Cell-P1 and CA-P1 derivatives are more biodegradable than the other samples. These results suggest that the resulting compounds can be used effectively in many useful industrial fields, for instance, eco-friendly food packaging, domains that use materials that are environmentally friendly and sustainable and the development of green chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- F E Tabaght
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, 60000, Oujda, Morocco
| | - K Azzaoui
- Laboratory of Engineering, Electrochemistry, Modeling and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, 30000, Fez, Morocco.
| | - A El Idrissi
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, 60000, Oujda, Morocco
| | - S Jodeh
- Department of Chemistry, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine.
| | - B Khalaf
- Department of Chemistry, Arab American University, Jenin, Palestine
| | - L Rhazi
- Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle Transformations & Agro-Resources Research Unit (ULR7519), 19 Rue Pierre Waguet, BP 30313, 60026, Beauvais, France
| | - R Bellaouchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Mohammed First University, Faculty of Sciences, 60000, Oujda, Morocco
| | - A Asehraou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Mohammed First University, Faculty of Sciences, 60000, Oujda, Morocco
| | - B Hammouti
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, 60000, Oujda, Morocco
| | - R Sabbahi
- Laboratory of Development and Valorization of Resources in Desert Zones, Higher School of Technology, Ibn Zohr University, Quartier 25 Mars, P.O. Box 3007, Laayoune, Morocco
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Polotskaya G, Tian N, Faykov I, Goikhman M, Podeshvo I, Loretsyan N, Gofman I, Zolotovsky K, Pulyalina A. Novel Design of Co-Poly(Hydrazide Imide) and Its Complex with Cu(I) for Membrane Separation of Methanol/Dimethyl Carbonate Mixture. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:160. [PMID: 36837663 PMCID: PMC9963631 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13020160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Poly(2,2'-biquinoline-6,6'-dicarbohydrazide)-co-(bistrimelliteimide)methylene-bisanthranylide (PHI) and its metal-polymer complex PHI-Cu(I) containing several types of functional groups (hydrazide, carboxyl, amide, and imide fragments) were synthesized to prepare two types of dense nonporous membranes. The study on morphology using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), measurements of mechanical, thermal, and transport properties of the membrane samples was carried out. The main mechanical properties of both membranes do not differ significantly, but the values of ultimate deformation differ palpably as a result of a non-uniform character of the deformation process for the PHI membrane. The thermal analysis based on the curves of thermogravimetric (TGA) and differential thermal (DTA) analyses of the PHI and PHI-Cu(I) membranes revealed peculiarities of the membrane structure. Transport properties were studied in pervaporation (PV) of methanol (MeOH) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) mixtures including an azeotropic point. Intrinsic properties of the penetrant-membrane system were also determined. It was found that the total flux is higher through the PHI membrane, but the PHI-Cu(I) membrane exhibits a higher separation factor. Calculation of the pervaporation separation index (PSI) allowed to conclude that the PHI-Cu(I) membrane exhibits better transport properties as compared with the PHI membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Polotskaya
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg 199004, Russia
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Tian
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - Ilya Faykov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - Mikhail Goikhman
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg 199004, Russia
| | - Irina Podeshvo
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg 199004, Russia
| | - Nairi Loretsyan
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg 199004, Russia
| | - Iosif Gofman
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg 199004, Russia
| | - Konstantin Zolotovsky
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - Alexandra Pulyalina
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 198504, Russia
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Non-Solvent- and Temperature-Induced Phase Separations of Polylaurolactam Solutions in Benzyl Alcohol as Methods for Producing Microfiltration Membranes. COLLOIDS AND INTERFACES 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/colloids7010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of obtaining porous films through solutions of polylaurolactam (PA12) in benzyl alcohol (BA) was considered. The theoretical calculation of the phase diagram showed the presence of the upper critical solution temperature (UCST) for the PA12/BA system at 157 °C. The PA12 completely dissolved in BA at higher temperatures, but the resulting solutions underwent phase separation upon cooling down to 120–140 °C because of the PA12’s crystallization. The viscosity of the 10–40% PA12 solutions increased according to a power law but remained low and did not exceed 5 Pa·s at 160 °C. Regardless of the concentration, PA12 formed a dispersed phase when its solutions were cooled, which did not allow for the obtention of strong films. On the contrary, the phase separation of the 20–30% PA12 solutions under the action of a non-solvent (isopropanol) leads to the formation of flexible microporous films. The measurement of the porosity, wettability, strength, permeability, and rejection of submicron particles showed the best results for a porous film produced from a 30% solution by non-solvent-induced phase separation. This process makes it possible to obtain a membrane material with a 240 nm particle rejection of 99.6% and a permeate flow of 1.5 kg/m2hbar for contaminated water and 69.9 kg/m2hbar for pure water.
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Advanced Polymeric Nanocomposite Membranes for Water and Wastewater Treatment: A Comprehensive Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030540. [PMID: 36771842 PMCID: PMC9920371 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials have been extensively used in polymer nanocomposite membranes due to the inclusion of unique features that enhance water and wastewater treatment performance. Compared to the pristine membranes, the incorporation of nanomodifiers not only improves membrane performance (water permeability, salt rejection, contaminant removal, selectivity), but also the intrinsic properties (hydrophilicity, porosity, antifouling properties, antimicrobial properties, mechanical, thermal, and chemical stability) of these membranes. This review focuses on applications of different types of nanomaterials: zero-dimensional (metal/metal oxide nanoparticles), one-dimensional (carbon nanotubes), two-dimensional (graphene and associated structures), and three-dimensional (zeolites and associated frameworks) nanomaterials combined with polymers towards novel polymeric nanocomposites for water and wastewater treatment applications. This review will show that combinations of nanomaterials and polymers impart enhanced features into the pristine membrane; however, the underlying issues associated with the modification processes and environmental impact of these membranes are less obvious. This review also highlights the utility of computational methods toward understanding the structural and functional properties of the membranes. Here, we highlight the fabrication methods, advantages, challenges, environmental impact, and future scope of these advanced polymeric nanocomposite membrane based systems for water and wastewater treatment applications.
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Belov NA, Alentiev AY, Pashkevich DS, Voroshilov FA, Dvilis ES, Asanov IP, Nikiforov RY, Chirkov SV, Syrtsova DA, Kostina JV, Bogdanova YG. Surface and Structural Characterization of PVTMS Films Treated by Elemental Fluorine in Liquid Perfluorodecalin. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:913. [PMID: 36769920 PMCID: PMC9917527 DOI: 10.3390/ma16030913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Poly(vinyl trimethylsilane) (PVTMS) films were subjected to direct surface fluorination in liquid medium (perfluorodecalin). The samples were investigated using several techniques: SEM-XEDS, XPS, ATR-IR, and contact angle measurement. The methods used allowed us to estimate chemical changes occurring because of the treatment. ATR-IR showed that most of the changes occurred in the Si(CH3)3 group. Monofluorinated Si(CH3)3 groups formed in the near-surface layer (Ge crystal, 0.66 µm penetration) after 30 min of fluorination, and then di- and trifluorinated groups appeared. Oxidation of the film with oxygen was also shown with the use of ZnSe crystal (2 µm penetration). The XPS method allowed an assessment of the ratio of the main elements at the surface of the fluorinated film. Two different exponential models were proposed to fit the experimental data of SEM-XEDS. Based on the model with the intercept, the depth of fluorination was estimated to be ≤1.1 µm, which is consistent with the result from the literature for the gas-phase fluorination. Contact angle measurements showed that oxidation of the PVTMS surface prevailed for the first 45 min of fluorination (surface hydrophilization) with a subsequent fluorine content increase and hydrophobization of the surface upon 60 min of fluorination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay A. Belov
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30, Lenin Avenue, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29, Leninskii Prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandr Y. Alentiev
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30, Lenin Avenue, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29, Leninskii Prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitrii S. Pashkevich
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30, Lenin Avenue, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 29, Polytechnicheskaya St., 195251 Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Edgar S. Dvilis
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30, Lenin Avenue, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Igor P. Asanov
- A.V. Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Academician Lavrentiev St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Roman Y. Nikiforov
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30, Lenin Avenue, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29, Leninskii Prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Chirkov
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30, Lenin Avenue, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29, Leninskii Prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria A. Syrtsova
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29, Leninskii Prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Julia V. Kostina
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29, Leninskii Prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia G. Bogdanova
- Chemical Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Chang YS, Kumari P, Munro CJ, Szekely G, Vega LF, Nunes S, Dumée LF. Plasticization mitigation strategies for gas and liquid filtration membranes - A review. J Memb Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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45
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Foo K, Liang Y, Goh P, Fletcher D. Computational fluid dynamics simulations of membrane gas separation: Overview, challenges and future perspectives. Chem Eng Res Des 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2023.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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46
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Prykhodko Y, Martin A, Oulyadi H, Marais S, Fatyeyeva K. Polymer EVA-OH membrane with improved water/gas separation performance: Influence of VAc/VOH repeating units ratio on membrane physical chemical properties. J Memb Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2023.121386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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47
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Tan X, Robijns S, Thür R, Ke Q, De Witte N, Lamaire A, Li Y, Aslam I, Van Havere D, Donckels T, Van Assche T, Van Speybroeck V, Dusselier M, Vankelecom I. Truly combining the advantages of polymeric and zeolite membranes for gas separations. Science 2022; 378:1189-1194. [PMID: 36520897 DOI: 10.1126/science.ade1411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) have been investigated to render energy-intensive separations more efficiently by combining the selectivity and permeability performance, robustness, and nonaging properties of the filler with the easy processing, handling, and scaling up of the polymer. However, truly combining all in one single material has proven very challenging. In this work, we filled a commercial polyimide with ultrahigh loadings of a high-aspect ratio, CO2-philic Na-SSZ-39 zeolite with a three-dimensional channel system that precisely separates gas molecules. By carefully designing both zeolite and MMM synthesis, we created a gas-percolation highway across a flexible and aging-resistant (more than 1 year) membrane. The combination of a CO2-CH4 mixed-gas selectivity of ~423 and a CO2 permeability of ~8300 Barrer outperformed all existing polymer-based membranes and even most zeolite-only membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Tan
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sven Robijns
- Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Raymond Thür
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Quanli Ke
- Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Niels De Witte
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aran Lamaire
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Tech Lane Ghent Science Park, Technologiepark 46, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Yun Li
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Imran Aslam
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daan Van Havere
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thibaut Donckels
- Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Van Assche
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Veronique Van Speybroeck
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Tech Lane Ghent Science Park, Technologiepark 46, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Michiel Dusselier
- Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ivo Vankelecom
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Wang Q, Zhou R, Tsuru T. Recent Progress in Silicon Carbide-Based Membranes for Gas Separation. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1255. [PMID: 36557162 PMCID: PMC9783330 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12121255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The scale of research for developing and applying silicon carbide (SiC) membranes for gas separation has rapidly expanded over the last few decades. Given its importance, this review summarizes the progress on SiC membranes for gas separation by focusing on SiC membrane preparation approaches and their application. The precursor-derived ceramic approaches for preparing SiC membranes include chemical vapor deposition (CVD)/chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) deposition and pyrolysis of polymeric precursor. Generally, SiC membranes formed using the CVD/CVI deposition route have dense structures, making such membranes suitable for small-molecule gas separation. On the contrary, pyrolysis of a polymeric precursor is the most common and promising route for preparing SiC membranes, which includes the steps of precursor selection, coating/shaping, curing for cross-linking, and pyrolysis. Among these steps, the precursor, curing method, and pyrolysis temperature significantly impact the final microstructures and separation performance of membranes. Based on our discussion of these influencing factors, there is now a good understanding of the evolution of membrane microstructures and how to control membrane microstructures according to the application purpose. In addition, the thermal stability, oxidation resistance, hydrothermal stability, and chemical resistance of the SiC membranes are described. Due to their robust advantages and high separation performance, SiC membranes are the most promising candidates for high-temperature gas separation. Overall, this review will provide meaningful insight and guidance for developing SiC membranes and achieving excellent gas separation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Rongfei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Toshinori Tsuru
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739-8527, Japan
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CO2 absorption using benzylamine as absorbent and promoter in a hollow fiber membrane contactor: A numerical study. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Golubev GS, Sokolov SE, Rokhmanka TN, Bakhtin DS, Borisov IL, Volkov AV. Membranes Based on PTMSP and Hypercrosslinked Polystyrene for Gas Separation and Thermopervaporative Removal of Volatile Organic Compounds from Aqueous Media. MEMBRANES AND MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s2517751622060038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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