1
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Liu R, Song H, Wu H, Yang Z, Fang S, Zhu J, Ba L. Sub-femtomolar vertical graphene field effect immunosensor for detection of lung tumor markers. Talanta 2024; 278:126498. [PMID: 38959668 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the main cancer that endangers human life worldwide, with the highest mortality rate. The detection of lung tumor markers is of great significance for the early diagnosis and subsequent treatment of lung cancer. In this study, a vertical graphene field effect transistor (VGFET) immunosensor based on graphene/C60 heterojunction was created to offer quantitative detections for the lung tumor markers carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin 19 fragment (Cyfra21-1), and neuron-specific enolase (NSE). The experimental results showed that the sensitive range for standard antigen is between 1 pg/ml to 100 ng/ml, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 5.6 amol/ml for CEA, 33.3 amol/ml for Cyfra 21-1 and 12.8 amol/ml for NSE (1 pg/ml for all). The detection accuracy for these tumor markers was compared with the clinically used method for clinical patients on serum samples. Results are highly consistent with clinically used immunoassay in its efficient diagnosis concentration range. Subsequently, the mesoporous silica nanospheres (MSNs) with an average size of 90 nm were surface modified with glutaraldehyde, and a second antibody was assembled on MSNs, which fixes nanospheres on the antigen and amplified the field effect. The LODs for three markers are 100 fg/ml (0.56 amol/ml for CEA) under optimal circumstances of detection. This result indicates that specific binding to MSNs enhances local field effects and can achieve higher sensing efficiency for tumor marker detection at extremely low concentrations, providing effective assistance for the early diagnosis of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biology and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Hang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biology and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China; Institute of Sports and Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, China
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biology and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Zhihao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biology and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Surong Fang
- Department of Emergency, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Emergency, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Long Ba
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biology and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
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2
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Shao W, Sorescu DC, Liu Z, Star A. Machine Learning Discrimination and Ultrasensitive Detection of Fentanyl Using Gold Nanoparticle-Decorated Carbon Nanotube-Based Field-Effect Transistor Sensors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311835. [PMID: 38679787 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The opioid overdose crisis is a global health challenge. Fentanyl, an exceedingly potent synthetic opioid, has emerged as a leading contributor to the surge in opioid-related overdose deaths. The surge in overdose fatalities, particularly due to illicitly manufactured fentanyl and its contamination of street drugs, emphasizes the urgency for drug-testing technologies that can quickly and accurately identify fentanyl from other drugs and quantify trace amounts of fentanyl. In this paper, gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-decorated single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)-based field-effect transistors (FETs) are utilized for machine learning-assisted identification of fentanyl from codeine, hydrocodone, and morphine. The unique sensing performance of fentanyl led to use machine learning approaches for accurate identification of fentanyl. Employing linear discriminant analysis (LDA) with a leave-one-out cross-validation approach, a validation accuracy of 91.2% is achieved. Meanwhile, density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal the factors that contributed to the enhanced sensitivity of the Au-SWCNT FET sensor toward fentanyl as well as the underlying sensing mechanism. Finally, fentanyl antibodies are introduced to the Au-SWCNT FET sensor as specific receptors, expanding the linear range of the sensor in the lower concentration range, and enabling ultrasensitive detection of fentanyl with a limit of detection at 10.8 fg mL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Shao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, USA
| | - Dan C Sorescu
- United States Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15236, USA
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, USA
| | - Zhengru Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, USA
| | - Alexander Star
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, USA
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3
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Shi L, Tang P, Hu J, Zhang Y. A Strategy for Multigas Identification Using Multielectrical Parameters Extracted from a Single Carbon-Based Field-Effect Transistor Sensor. ACS Sens 2024; 9:3126-3136. [PMID: 38843033 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Given the widespread utilization of gas sensors across various industries, the detection of diverse and complex target gases presents a significant challenge in designing sensors with multigas detection capability. Although constructing a sensor array with widely used chemiresistive gas sensors is one solution, it is difficult for a single chemiresistive gas sensor to simultaneously detect different gases, as it can only detect a single target gas. The intrinsic reason for this bottleneck is that chemiresistive gas sensors rely entirely on the resistivity as the unique parameter to evaluate the diverse gas sensing properties of sensors, such as sensitivity, selectivity, etc. Herein, a field-effect transistor (FET) with abundant electrical parameters is employed to prepare a gas sensor for the detection of a variety of gases. Semiconducting carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are selected as the channel material, which is modified by Pd nanoparticles to enhance the gas sensing properties of the sensors. By extracting various electrical parameters such as transconductance, threshold voltage, etc. from the transfer characteristic curves of FET, a correlation between multielectrical parameters and various gas detection information is established for subsequent data analysis. Through the utilization of the principal component analysis algorithm, the identification of six gases can be finally achieved by relying solely on a single carbon-based FET-type gas sensor. We hope our work can solve the bottleneck of multigas identification by a single sensor in principle and is expected to reduce the system complexity and cost caused by the design of sensor arrays, offering a valuable guidance for multigas identification technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Shi
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Pinghua Tang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Jinyong Hu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
- Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
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4
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Wang J, Shao W, Liu Z, Kesavan G, Zeng Z, Shurin MR, Star A. Diagnostics of Tuberculosis with Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Based Field-Effect Transistors. ACS Sens 2024; 9:1957-1966. [PMID: 38484361 PMCID: PMC11059104 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is still threatening millions of people's lives, especially in developing countries. One of the major factors contributing to the ongoing epidemic of TB is the lack of a fast, efficient, and inexpensive diagnostic strategy. In this work, we developed a semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)-based field-effect transistor (FET) device functionalized with anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen 85B antibody (Ab85B) to detect the major M. tuberculosis-secreted antigen 85B (Ag85B). Through optimizing the device fabrication process by evaluating the mass of the antibody and the concentration of the gating electrolyte, our Ab85B-SWCNT FET devices achieved the detection of the Ag85B spiked in phosphate-buffered saline (calibration samples) with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.05 fg/mL. This SWCNT FET biosensor also showed good sensing performance in biological matrices including artificial sputum and can identify Ag85B in serum after introducing bovine serum albumin (BSA) into the blocking layer. Furthermore, our BSA-blocked Ab85B-SWCNT FET devices can distinguish between TB-positive and -negative clinical samples, promising the application of SWCNT FET devices in point-of-care TB diagnostics. Moreover, the robustness of this SWCNT-based biosensor to the TB diagnosis in blood serum was enhanced by blocking SWCNT devices directly with a glutaraldehyde cross-linked BSA layer, enabling future applications of these SWCNT-based biosensors in clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Wenting Shao
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Zhengru Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Ganesh Kesavan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Zidao Zeng
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Michael R. Shurin
- Department
of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical
Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Alexander Star
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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5
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Chieng A, Wan Z, Wang S. Recent Advances in Real-Time Label-Free Detection of Small Molecules. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:80. [PMID: 38391999 PMCID: PMC10886562 DOI: 10.3390/bios14020080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The detection and analysis of small molecules, typically defined as molecules under 1000 Da, is of growing interest ranging from the development of small-molecule drugs and inhibitors to the sensing of toxins and biomarkers. However, due to challenges such as their small size and low mass, many biosensing technologies struggle to have the sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of small molecules. Notably, their small size limits the usage of labeled techniques that can change the properties of small-molecule analytes. Furthermore, the capability of real-time detection is highly desired for small-molecule biosensors' application in diagnostics or screening. This review highlights recent advances in label-free real-time biosensing technologies utilizing different types of transducers to meet the growing demand for small-molecule detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Chieng
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (A.C.); (Z.W.)
- School of Molecular Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Zijian Wan
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (A.C.); (Z.W.)
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; (A.C.); (Z.W.)
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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6
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Wang P, Misra RP, Zhang C, Blankschtein D, Wang Y. Surfactant-Aided Stabilization of Individual Carbon Nanotubes in Water around the Critical Micelle Concentration. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:159-169. [PMID: 38095654 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Surfactants are widely used to disperse single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and other nanomaterials for liquid-phase processing and characterization. Traditional techniques, however, demand high surfactant concentrations, often in the range of 1-2 wt/v% of the solution. Here, we show that optimal dispersion efficiency can be attained at substantially lower surfactant concentrations of approximately 0.08 wt/v%, near the critical micelle concentration. This unexpected observation is achieved by introducing "bare" nanotubes into water containing the anionic surfactant sodium deoxycholate (DOC) through a superacid-surfactant exchange process that eliminates the need for ultrasonication. Among the diverse ionic surfactants and charged biopolymers explored, DOC exhibits the highest dispersion efficiency, outperforming sodium cholate, a structurally similar bile salt surfactant containing just one additional oxygen atom compared to DOC. Employing all-atomistic molecular dynamics simulations, we unravel that the greater stabilization by DOC arises from its higher binding affinity to nanotubes and a substantially larger free energy barrier that resists nanotube rebundling. Further, we find that this barrier is nonelectrostatic in nature and does not obey the classical Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory of colloidal stability, underscoring the important role of nonelectrostatic dispersion and hydration interactions at the nanoscale, even in the case of ionic surfactants like DOC. These molecular insights advance our understanding of surfactant chemistry at the bare nanotube limit and suggest low-energy, surfactant-efficient solution processing of SWCNTs and potentially other nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Rahul Prasanna Misra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Chiyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Daniel Blankschtein
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - YuHuang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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7
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Goswami PP, Bonam S, Jeyaram K, Singh SG. Device-Physics Realization of ZnO-MWCNT Nanostructure-Based Field-Effect Biosensor for Ultrasensitive Simultaneous Genomic Detection of Foodborne Pathogens. Anal Chem 2023; 95:14695-14701. [PMID: 37727978 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The complex and versatile interactions among the wide variety of the nanostructures and the target analytes have primarily limited the detailed investigation of the transduction mechanism of nanomaterial-assisted electrical signal-based biosensors despite their high sensitivity, low-cost, portability, and ease of deployment. Hence, no common ground is formed detailing the principle of operation, demanding a strong need for systematic examination instead of hit and trial. Therefore, a maiden mechanistic investigation has been carried out in this paper for a field-effect-based biosensor device relying on the energy band diagram and the surface potential profile. To demonstrate the experimental evidence and appreciate the importance of food safety, three hazardous foodborne pathogens (Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, and Clostridium botulinum) have been detected herein. The biosensor device, built on a hydrothermally synthesized zinc oxide and MWCNT (ZnO-MWCNT) composite nanostructure, simultaneously incorporates three fairly specific ss-DNA probes. Furthermore, the unmet challenge of biosensor device variability is addressed through the optimum selection of operating voltage of the device via a unique "voltage-selection-algorithm". We believe that the rigorous experimentation and the insightful device-physics realization demonstrated in this work will pave the way for a future decisive biosensor platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Pratim Goswami
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Satish Bonam
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Kumaraswamy Jeyaram
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Regional Centre, Gangtok, Sikkim 737102, India
| | - Shiv Govind Singh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana 502285, India
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8
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Islam MS, Banik S, Collinson MM. Recent Advances in Bimetallic Nanoporous Gold Electrodes for Electrochemical Sensing. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2515. [PMID: 37764545 PMCID: PMC10535497 DOI: 10.3390/nano13182515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Bimetallic nanocomposites and nanoparticles have received tremendous interest recently because they often exhibit better properties than single-component materials. Improved electron transfer rates and the synergistic interactions between individual metals are two of the most beneficial attributes of these materials. In this review, we focus on bimetallic nanoporous gold (NPG) because of its importance in the field of electrochemical sensing coupled with the ease with which it can be made. NPG is a particularly important scaffold because of its unique properties, including biofouling resistance and ease of modification. In this review, several different methods to synthesize NPG, along with varying modification approaches are described. These include the use of ternary alloys, immersion-reduction (chemical, electrochemical, hybrid), co-electrodeposition-annealing, and under-potential deposition coupled with surface-limited redox replacement of NPG with different metal nanoparticles (e.g., Pt, Cu, Pd, Ni, Co, Fe, etc.). The review also describes the importance of fully characterizing these bimetallic nanocomposites and critically analyzing their structure, surface morphology, surface composition, and application in electrochemical sensing of chemical and biochemical species. The authors attempt to highlight the most recent and advanced techniques for designing non-enzymatic bimetallic electrochemical nanosensors. The review opens up a window for readers to obtain detailed knowledge about the formation and structure of bimetallic electrodes and their applications in electrochemical sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maryanne M. Collinson
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2006, USA; (M.S.I.); (S.B.)
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9
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Laskar BI, Mishra AK, Shukla PK. Role of graphene in scavenging methyl cations: a DFT study. J Mol Model 2023; 29:299. [PMID: 37646844 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05662-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT It is known that methylating agents methylate DNA by transferring a methyl cation (CH3+) to the nucleophilic sites in DNA bases and DNA methylation is implicated in cancer and other pathological conditions. Therefore, it is important to scavenge CH3+ ion in order to protect DNA from methylation. Graphene is considered to be a versatile material for use in a wide variety of fields including sensors, antioxidants, drug delivery and DNA sequencing. In this work, we have theoretically investigated the interaction of CH3+ ions with graphene surface with an aim to understand if pristine graphene can be used as a substrate to adsorb CH3+ cations generated from harmful methylating agents. The computed adsorption energies show that adsorption of one, two and three CH3+ ions on graphene is favourable as the adducts thus formed are found to be substantially stable in both gas phase and aqueous media. The Bader charge transfer analysis and density of states (DOS) calculation also indicate a strong interaction between graphene and CH3+ ions. Thus, our results show that pristine graphene can be used as a substrate to scavenge CH3+ ions. METHODS The spin polarised density functional theory (DFT) calculations employing PBE functional, ultrasoft pseudopotentials and plane wave basis set having kinetic energy cut-offs of 40 Ry and 400 Ry, respectively, for wave functions and charge densities were carried out to study the adsorption of CH3+ ion(s) on the pristine graphene surface. The Grimme's DFT-D2 method was used for the estimation of van der Waals interactions. The 'dipole correction' along z-direction was also applied for adsorption study. The Marzari-Vanderbilt smearing and Monkhorst-Pack k-point grid were employed for the Brillouin zone sampling. A 6 × 6 graphene supercell with a vertical cell dimension of 18 Å was considered for the adsorption study. The charge transfer between the CH3+ ion(s) and graphene was estimated using Bader charge analysis. The implicit solvation model (SCCS) was used to estimate the solvent effect of aqueous media. All the calculations were performed using QUANTUM ESPRESSO package.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abhishek Kumar Mishra
- Department of Physics, Applied Science Cluster, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, 248007, India
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10
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Shao W, Zeng Z, Star A. An Ultrasensitive Norfentanyl Sensor Based on a Carbon Nanotube-Based Field-Effect Transistor for the Detection of Fentanyl Exposure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:37784-37793. [PMID: 37523478 PMCID: PMC10416144 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The opioid crisis is a worldwide public health crisis that has affected millions of people. In recent years, synthetic opioids, primarily illicit fentanyl, have become the primary driver of overdose deaths. There is a great need for a highly sensitive, portable, and inexpensive analytical tool that can quickly indicate the presence and relative threat of fentanyl. In this work, we develop a semiconductor enriched (sc-) single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)-based field-effect transistor (FET) biosensor functionalized with norfentanyl antibodies for the sensitive detection of norfentanyl, the primary inactive metabolite of fentanyl, in urine samples. Different sensor configurations were explored in order to obtain the most optimized sensing results. Moreover, by employing the "reduced" antibody, we achieved orientated immobilization of the norfentanyl antibody and thus brought the antigen-antibody interaction closer to the sensor surface, further improving the sensitivity. The reported norfentanyl biosensors have a limit of detection in the fg/mL region in both calibration samples and synthetic urine samples, showing ultrasensitivity and high reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Shao
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Zidao Zeng
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Alexander Star
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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11
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Song P, Ou P, Wang Y, Yuan H, Duan S, Chen L, Fu H, Song J, Liu X. An ultrasensitive FET biosensor based on vertically aligned MoS 2 nanolayers with abundant surface active sites. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1252:341036. [PMID: 36935147 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanolayers are one of the most promising two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials for constructing next-generation field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors. In this article, we report an ultrasensitive FET biosensor that integrates a novel format of 2D MoS2, vertically-aligned MoS2 nanolayers (VAMNs), as the channel material for label-free detection of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The developed VAMNs-based FET biosensor shows two distinctive advantages. First, the VAMNs can be facilely grown using the conventional chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, permitting easy fabrication and potential mass device production. Second, the unique advantage of the VAMNs for biosensor development lies in its abundant surface-exposed active edge sites that possess a high binding affinity with thiol-based linkers, which overcomes the challenge of molecule functionalization on the conventional planar MoS2 nanolayers. The high binding affinity between 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid and the VAMNs was demonstrated through experimental surface characterization and theoretical calculations via density functional theory. The FET biosensor allows rapid (within 20 min) and ultrasensitive PSA detection in human serum with simple operations (limit of detection: 800 fg mL-1). This FET biosensor offers excellent features such as ultrahigh sensitivity, ease of fabrication, and short assay time, and thereby possesses significant potential for early-stage diagnosis of life-threatening diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Song
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada; Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C3, Canada; School of Advanced Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Pengfei Ou
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, 3610 Rue University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Yongjie Wang
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology-Shenzhen, 1 Pingshan Road, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Hang Yuan
- School of Advanced Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Sixuan Duan
- School of Advanced Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Longyan Chen
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial & Systems Engineering, Gannon University, 109 University Square, Erie, PA, 16541, USA
| | - Hao Fu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada; Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Jun Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G8, Canada.
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12
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Sondhi P, Lingden D, Bhattarai JK, Demchenko AV, Stine KJ. Applications of Nanoporous Gold in Therapy, Drug Delivery, and Diagnostics. METALS 2023; 13:78. [PMID: 39238564 PMCID: PMC11376205 DOI: 10.3390/met13010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Nanoporous gold (np-Au) has promising applications in therapeutic delivery. The promises arise from its high surface area-to-volume ratio, ease of tuning shape and size, ability to be modified by organic molecules including drugs, and biocompatibility. Furthermore, np-Au nanostructures can generate the photothermal effect. This effect can be used either for controlled release of drugs of therapeutic importance or for destroying cancer cells by heating locally. Despite the enormous potential, the research on the therapeutical use of the np-Au is still in its early stage. In this review, we discuss the current progress and future directions of np-Au for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak Sondhi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63121, USA
| | - Dhanbir Lingden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63121, USA
| | - Jay K Bhattarai
- Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals Company, Saint Louis, MO 63042, USA
| | - Alexei V Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Keith J Stine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63121, USA
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13
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Lee C, Gwyther REA, Freeley M, Jones D, Palma M. Fabrication and Functionalisation of Nanocarbon-Based Field-Effect Transistor Biosensors. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200282. [PMID: 36193790 PMCID: PMC10092808 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Nanocarbon-based field-effect transistor (NC-FET) biosensors are at the forefront of future diagnostic technology. By integrating biological molecules with electrically conducting carbon-based platforms, high sensitivity real-time multiplexed sensing is possible. Combined with their small footprint, portability, ease of use, and label-free sensing mechanisms, NC-FETs are prime candidates for the rapidly expanding areas of point-of-care testing, environmental monitoring and biosensing as a whole. In this review we provide an overview of the basic operational mechanisms behind NC-FETs, synthesis and fabrication of FET devices, and developments in functionalisation strategies for biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang‐Seuk Lee
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Physical and Chemical SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonMile End RoadLondonE1 4NSUK
| | - Rebecca E. A. Gwyther
- Molecular Biosciences Division, School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffCF10 3AXUK
| | - Mark Freeley
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Physical and Chemical SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonMile End RoadLondonE1 4NSUK
| | - Dafydd Jones
- Molecular Biosciences Division, School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffCF10 3AXUK
| | - Matteo Palma
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Physical and Chemical SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonMile End RoadLondonE1 4NSUK
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14
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Rahimi E, Imani A, Lekka M, Andreatta F, Gonzalez-Garcia Y, Mol JMC, Asselin E, Fedrizzi L. Morphological and Surface Potential Characterization of Protein Nanobiofilm Formation on Magnesium Alloy Oxide: Their Role in Biodegradation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:10854-10866. [PMID: 35994730 PMCID: PMC9454254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The formation of a protein nanobiofilm on the surface of degradable biomaterials such as magnesium (Mg) and its alloys influences metal ion release, cell adhesion/spreading, and biocompatibility. During the early stage of human body implantation, competition and interaction between inorganic species and protein molecules result in a complex film containing Mg oxide and a protein layer. This film affects the electrochemical properties of the metal surface, the protein conformational arrangement, and the electronic properties of the protein/Mg oxide interface. In this study, we discuss the impact of various simulated body fluids, including sodium chloride (NaCl), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and Hanks' solutions on protein adsorption, electrochemical interactions, and electrical surface potential (ESP) distribution at the adsorbed protein/Mg oxide interface. After 10 min of immersion in NaCl, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) showed a higher surface roughness related to enhanced degradation and lower ESP distribution on a Mg-based alloy than those in other solutions. Furthermore, adding bovine serum albumin (BSA) to all solutions caused a decline in the total surface roughness and ESP magnitude on the Mg alloy surface, particularly in the NaCl electrolyte. Using SKPFM surface analysis, we detected a protein nanobiofilm (∼10-20 nm) with an aggregated and/or fibrillary morphology only on the Mg surface exposed in Hanks' and PBS solutions; these surfaces had a lower ESP value than the oxide layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Rahimi
- Polytechnic
Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Delft
University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Amin Imani
- Department
of Materials Engineering, The University
of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Maria Lekka
- CIDETEC,
Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Po. Miramón 196, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Francesco Andreatta
- Polytechnic
Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Yaiza Gonzalez-Garcia
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Delft
University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes M. C. Mol
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Delft
University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Edouard Asselin
- Department
of Materials Engineering, The University
of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Lorenzo Fedrizzi
- Polytechnic
Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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15
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Liu Z, Bian L, Yeoman CJ, Clifton GD, Ellington JE, Ellington-Lawrence RD, Borgogna JLC, Star A. Bacterial Vaginosis Monitoring with Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors. Anal Chem 2022; 94:3849-3857. [PMID: 35191682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ability to rapidly and reliably screen for bacterial vaginosis (BV) during pregnancy is of great significance for maternal health and pregnancy outcomes. In this proof-of-concept study, we demonstrated the potential of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (NTFET) in the rapid diagnostics of BV with the sensing of BV-related factors such as pH and biogenic amines. The fabricated sensors showed good linearity to pH changes with a linear correlation coefficient of 0.99. The pH sensing performance was stable after more than one month of sensor storage. In addition, the sensor was able to classify BV-related biogenic amine-negative/positive samples with machine learning, utilizing different test strategies and algorithms, including linear discriminant analysis (LDA), support vector machine (SVM), and principal component analysis (PCA). The biogenic amine sample status could be well classified using a soft-margin SVM model with a validation accuracy of 87.5%. The accuracy could be further improved using a gold gate electrode for measurement, with accuracy higher than 90% in both LDA and SVM models. We also explored the sensing mechanisms and found that the change in NTFET off current was crucial for classification. The fabricated sensors successfully detect BV-related factors, demonstrating the competitive advantage of NTFET for point-of-care diagnostics of BV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengru Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Long Bian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Carl J Yeoman
- Departments of Microbiology and Cell Biology, and Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59718, United States
| | - G Dennis Clifton
- Glyciome, LLC, Valleyford, Washington 99036 and Post Falls, Idaho 83854, United States
| | - Joanna E Ellington
- Glyciome, LLC, Valleyford, Washington 99036 and Post Falls, Idaho 83854, United States
| | | | - Joanna-Lynn C Borgogna
- Departments of Microbiology and Cell Biology, and Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59718, United States
| | - Alexander Star
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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16
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Liu Z, Shurin GV, Bian L, White DL, Shurin MR, Star A. A Carbon Nanotube Sensor Array for the Label-Free Discrimination of Live and Dead Cells with Machine Learning. Anal Chem 2022; 94:3565-3573. [PMID: 35166531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Developing robust cell recognition strategies is important in biochemical research, but the lack of well-defined target molecules creates a bottleneck in some applications. In this paper, a carbon nanotube sensor array was constructed for the label-free discrimination of live and dead mammalian cells. Three types of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors were fabricated, and different features were extracted from the transfer characteristic curves for model training with linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and support-vector machines (SVM). Live and dead cells were accurately classified in more than 90% of samples in each sensor group using LDA as the algorithm. The recursive feature elimination with cross-validation (RFECV) method was applied to handle the overfitting and optimize the model, and cells could be successfully classified with as few as four features and a higher validation accuracy (up to 97.9%) after model optimization. The RFECV method also revealed the crucial features in the classification, indicating the participation of different sensing mechanisms in the classification. Finally, the optimized LDA model was applied for the prediction of unknown samples with an accuracy of 87.5-93.8%, indicating that live and dead cell samples could be well-recognized with the constructed model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengru Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Galina V Shurin
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Long Bian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - David L White
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Michael R Shurin
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Alexander Star
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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17
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Song N, Xie P, Shen W, Oh H, Zhang Y, Vitale F, Javanmard M, Allen MG. A microwell-based impedance sensor on an insertable microneedle for real-time in vivo cytokine detection. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2021; 7:96. [PMID: 34900330 PMCID: PMC8626445 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-021-00297-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Impedance-based protein detection sensors for point-of-care diagnostics require quantitative specificity, as well as rapid or real-time operation. Furthermore, microfabrication of these sensors can lead to the formation of factors suitable for in vivo operation. Herein, we present microfabricated needle-shaped microwell impedance sensors for rapid-sample-to-answer, label-free detection of cytokines, and other biomarkers. The microneedle form factor allows sensors to be utilized in transcutaneous or transvascular sensing applications. In vitro, experimental characterization confirmed sensor specificity and sensitivity to multiple proteins of interest. Mechanical characterization demonstrated sufficient microneedle robustness for transcutaneous insertion, as well as preserved sensor function postinsertion. We further utilized these sensors to carry out real-time in vivo quantification of human interleukin 8 (hIL8) concentration levels in the blood of transgenic mice that endogenously express hIL8. To assess sensor functionality, hIL8 concentration levels in serum samples from the same mice were quantified by ELISA. Excellent agreement between real-time in vivo sensor readings in blood and subsequent ELISA serum assays was observed over multiple transgenic mice expressing hIL8 concentrations from 62 pg/mL to 539 ng/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naixin Song
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Pengfei Xie
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ USA
| | - Wen Shen
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Hanju Oh
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Yejia Zhang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Flavia Vitale
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Mehdi Javanmard
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ USA
| | - Mark G. Allen
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
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18
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Hwang MT, Park I, Heiranian M, Taqieddin A, You S, Faramarzi V, Pak AA, van der Zande AM, Aluru NR, Bashir R. Ultrasensitive Detection of Dopamine, IL-6 and SARS-CoV-2 Proteins on Crumpled Graphene FET Biosensor. ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES 2021; 6:2100712. [PMID: 34901384 PMCID: PMC8646936 DOI: 10.1002/admt.202100712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Universal platforms for biomolecular analysis using label-free sensing modalities can address important diagnostic challenges. Electrical field effect-sensors are an important class of devices that can enable point-of-care sensing by probing the charge in the biological entities. Use of crumpled graphene for this application is especially promising. It is previously reported that the limit of detection (LoD) on electrical field effect-based sensors using DNA molecules on the crumpled graphene FET (field-effect transistor) platform. Here, the crumpled graphene FET-based biosensing of important biomarkers including small molecules and proteins is reported. The performance of devices is systematically evaluated and optimized by studying the effect of the crumpling ratio on electrical double layer (EDL) formation and bandgap opening on the graphene. It is also shown that a small and electroneutral molecule dopamine can be captured by an aptamer and its conformation change induced electrical signal changes. Three kinds of proteins were captured with specific antibodies including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and two viral proteins. All tested biomarkers are detectable with the highest sensitivity reported on the electrical platform. Significantly, two COVID-19 related proteins, nucleocapsid (N-) and spike (S-) proteins antigens are successfully detected with extremely low LoDs. This electrical antigen tests can contribute to the challenge of rapid, point-of-care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Taeyoung Hwang
- Department of BioNano TechnologyGachon University1342 Seongnam‐Daero, Sujeong‐GuSeongnamGyeonggi13120Republic of Korea
| | - Insu Park
- Micro and Nanotechnology LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Mohammad Heiranian
- Department of Mechanical Science and EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Amir Taqieddin
- Department of Mechanical Science and EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Seungyong You
- Micro and Nanotechnology LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Vahid Faramarzi
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Angela A. Pak
- Materials Research LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Arend M. van der Zande
- Department of Mechanical Science and EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- Materials Research LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Narayana R. Aluru
- Materials Research LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- Walker Department of Mechanical EngineeringOden Institute for Computational Engineering and SciencesThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA
| | - Rashid Bashir
- Micro and Nanotechnology LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- Department of Mechanical Science and EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- Materials Research LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
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19
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Touzeau J, Seydou M, Maurel F, Tallet L, Mutschler A, Lavalle P, Barbault F. Theoretical and Experimental Elucidation of the Adsorption Process of a Bioinspired Peptide on Mineral Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:11374-11385. [PMID: 34516122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic materials used for biomedical applications such as implants generally induce the adsorption of proteins on their surface. To control this phenomenon, the bioinspired peptidomimetic polymer 1 (PMP1), which aims to reproduce the adhesion of mussel foot proteins, is commonly used to graft specific proteins on various surfaces and to regulate the interfacial mechanism. To date and despite its wide application, the elucidation at the atomic scale of the PMP1 mechanism of adsorption on surfaces is still unknown. The purpose of the present work was thus to unravel this process through experimental and computational investigations of adsorption of PMP1 on gold, TiO2, and SiO2 surfaces. A common mechanism of adsorption is identified for the adsorption of PMP1 which emphasizes the role of electrostatics to approach the peptide onto the surface followed by a full adhesion process where the entropic desolvation step plays a key role. Besides, according to the fact that mussel naturally controls the oxidation states of its proteins, further investigations were performed for two distinct redox states of PMP1, and we conclude that even if both states are able to allow interaction of PMP1 with the surfaces, the oxidation of PMP1 leads to a stronger interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Touzeau
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, UMR 7086, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - M Seydou
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, UMR 7086, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - F Maurel
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, UMR 7086, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - L Tallet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm UMR_S 1121 Biomaterials and Bioengineering, 11 rue Humann, 67000 Strasbourg Cedex, France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - A Mutschler
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm UMR_S 1121 Biomaterials and Bioengineering, 11 rue Humann, 67000 Strasbourg Cedex, France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - P Lavalle
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm UMR_S 1121 Biomaterials and Bioengineering, 11 rue Humann, 67000 Strasbourg Cedex, France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - F Barbault
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, UMR 7086, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, F-75013 Paris, France
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20
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Zhou S, Zhang J, Yang Z, Zhang X. Highly Selective Adsorption and Desorption of Charged Molecules in Three-Dimensional Networks of Polydopamine-Modified Carbon Nanotube Sponges. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:4523-4531. [PMID: 33822634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the selective adsorption and desorption behaviors of charged molecules (calcein, brilliant green, and methylene blue) dissolved in water using polydopamine-modified carbon nanotube (CNT) sponges. Porous CNT sponges (CNTSs) as a scaffold for the selective adsorption and desorption of aqueous molecules were fabricated by using a chemical vapor deposition technique. To improve the hydrophilicity of porous CNTS and to control the adsorption and desorption of aqueous molecules, CNT sidewalls were decorated with a hydrophilic polydopamine layer through noncovalent interactions between CNT sidewalls and polydopamine. After this noncovalent chemical modification, the water contact angle of CNTS was close to 0, and the aqueous solution can rapidly infiltrate the three-dimensional (3D) networks of polydopamine-modified CNTS (Pdop-CNTS). The incorporation of pH-responsive polydopamine in CNTS showed an evident advantage of adsorbing positively charged molecules over a pH range of 10.5-4. In aqueous solutions with pH value of ≤3, Pdop-CNTS selectively adsorbed negatively charged molecules. Aqueous molecules carrying net charges were successfully separated from mixture solutions. Moreover, charged calcein and methylene blue molecules adsorbed on the 3D networks of Pdop-CNTS were selectively desorbed from Pdop-CNTS by tuning the pH value of the desorption solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglin Zhou
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research & School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Jiapeng Zhang
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research & School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Zhaohui Yang
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research & School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research & School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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21
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Zheng Z, Zhang H, Zhai T, Xia F. Overcome Debye Length Limitations for Biomolecule Sensing Based on Field Effective Transistors
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Nano‐Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences Wuhan Hubei 430074 China
| | - Hongyuan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Nano‐Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences Wuhan Hubei 430074 China
| | - Tianyou Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430074 China
| | - Fan Xia
- Engineering Research Center of Nano‐Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences Wuhan Hubei 430074 China
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22
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Bhushan B. Frontiers in nanotribology: Magnetic storage, bio/nanotechnology, cosmetics, and bioinspiration. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 577:127-162. [PMID: 32473475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The word "nanotribology" was introduced for the first time in the title of a paper and a book in 1995. This field encompasses fundamental studies of surface characterization, adhesion, friction, scratching, wear, and lubrication at the atomic scale. At most solid-solid interfaces of technological relevance, contact occurs at numerous asperities. It is of importance to investigate a single asperity contact in the fundamental tribological studies. A nanoprobe sliding on a surface in probe-based microscopies, including atomic force microscopy (AFM) at ultralow loads, simulates one such contact. AFMs and depth-sensing nanoindentation techniques are also used for nanomechanical characterization. The field is referred to as nanomechanics. AFMs can also be used for nanoelectrical characterization which includes electrical resistance, surface potential, and capacitance mapping. Research in the field of nanotribology and nanomechanics was initiated by or for the magnetic storage industry in the late 1980s. Later in the mid-1990s, nanotribology and nanomechanics research became important in bio/nanotechnology devices which involve relative motion, as well as ultrathin films. Adhesion, friction and wear issues in bio/nanotechnology devices led to the development of the field of bio/nanotribology. Research in ultrathin films used in the cosmetic industry, including hair, hair conditioner, skin, and skin cream, led to development of the field of nanotribology in cosmetics. Biologically inspired design, adaptation, or derivation from nature, referred to as biomimetics or bioinspiration, can guide us to initiate and produce nanomaterials, nanodevices, and processes in a sustainable and environmentally friendly manner. So called, green nanotribology research is important in this field. This perspective article presents an overview of fundamental understanding of nanotribology and nanomechanics and their applications in various fields ranging from magnetic storage, bio/nanotechnology, hair and hair conditioner, skin and skin cream, and bioinspiration (green nanotribology).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Bhushan
- Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio- & Nanotechnology and Biomimetics (NLBB), The Ohio State University, 201 W. 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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23
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Pérez R, Cong M, Vaughan SR, Ayala CE, Galpothdeniya WIS, Mathaga JK, Warner IM. Protein Discrimination Using a Fluorescence-Based Sensor Array of Thiacarbocyanine-GUMBOS. ACS Sens 2020; 5:2422-2429. [PMID: 32686397 PMCID: PMC7460578 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sensitive and selective detection of proteins from complex samples has gained substantial interest within the scientific community. Early and precise detection of key proteins plays an important role in potential clinical diagnosis, treatment of different diseases, and proteomic research. In the study reported here, six different compounds belonging to a group of uniform materials based on organic salts (GUMBOS) have been synthesized using three thiacarbocyanine (TC) dyes and employed as fluorescent sensors. Fluorescence properties of micro- and nanoaggregates of these TC-based GUMBOS formed in phosphate buffer solutions are studied in the absence and presence of seven proteins. Fluorescence response patterns of these TC-based GUMBOS were analyzed by linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The constructed LDA model allowed discrimination of these seven proteins at various concentrations with 100% accuracy. The sensing and discrimination abilities of these TC-based GUMBOS were further evaluated in mixtures of two major proteins, i.e., human serum albumin and hemoglobin. Fluorescence response patterns of these mixtures were analyzed by LDA. This model allowed discrimination of various mixtures with 100% accuracy. Moreover, spiked urine samples were prepared and the responses of these sensors were collected and analyzed by LDA. Remarkably, discrimination of these seven proteins was also achieved with 100% accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío
L. Pérez
- Chemistry Department, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Lousiana 70803, United States
| | - Mingyan Cong
- Chemistry Department, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Lousiana 70803, United States
| | - Stephanie R. Vaughan
- Chemistry Department, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Lousiana 70803, United States
| | - Caitlan E. Ayala
- Chemistry Department, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Lousiana 70803, United States
| | | | - John K. Mathaga
- Chemistry Department, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Lousiana 70803, United States
| | - Isiah M. Warner
- Chemistry Department, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Lousiana 70803, United States
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24
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Meng J, Li Z. Schottky-Contacted Nanowire Sensors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2000130. [PMID: 32484268 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202000130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The progress of the Internet-of-Things in the past few years has necessitated the support of high-performance sensors. Schottky-contacted nanowire sensors have attracted considerable attention owing to their high sensitivity and fast response time. Their progress is reviewed here, based on several kinds of important nanowires, for applications such as bio/chemical sensors, gas sensors, photodetectors, and strain sensors. Although Schottky-contacted nanowire sensors deliver excellent performance in these fields, they can be further improved by various methods, including defect engineering, surface modification, the piezotronic effect, and the piezophototronic effect, all of which are discussed here. With regard to practical applications, further efforts are required to address challenges such as the stability, selectivity, ultrafast response, multifunctionality, flexibility, distributed energy supply, and sustainability of Schottky-contacted nanowire sensors. Finally, future perspectives and solutions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Meng
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhou Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Center of Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
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25
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Tran TT, Clark K, Ma W, Mulchandani A. Detection of a secreted protein biomarker for citrus Huanglongbing using a single-walled carbon nanotubes-based chemiresistive biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 147:111766. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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El-Atab N, Shaikh SF, Hussain MM. Nano-scale transistors for interfacing with brain: design criteria, progress and prospect. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:442001. [PMID: 31342924 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab3534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, one quarter of the world's population suffers from various neurological disorders ranging from depression to Alzheimer's disease. Thus, understanding the operation mechanism of the brain enables us to help those who are suffering from these diseases. In addition, recent clinical medicine employs electronic brain implants, despite the fact of being invasive, to treat disorders ranging from severe coronary conditions to traumatic injuries. As a result, the deaf could hear, the blind could see, and the paralyzed could control robotic arms and legs. Due to the requirement of high data management capability with a power consumption as low as possible, designing nanoscale transistors as essential I/O electronics is a complex task. Herein, we review the essential design criteria for such nanoscale transistors, progress and prospect for implantable brain-machine-interface electronics. This article also discusses their technological challenges for practical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazek El-Atab
- MMH Labs, Computer Electrical Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Shao W, Burkert SC, White DL, Scott VL, Ding J, Li Z, Ouyang J, Lapointe F, Malenfant PRL, Islam K, Star A. Probing Ca 2+-induced conformational change of calmodulin with gold nanoparticle-decorated single-walled carbon nanotube field-effect transistors. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:13397-13406. [PMID: 31276143 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr03132d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are ideal for electrochemical biosensors, with their nanoscale dimensions enabling the sensitive probing of biomolecular interactions. In this study, we compare field-effect transistors (FET) comprised of unsorted (un-) and semiconducting-enriched (sc-) single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). un-SWCNTs have both metallic and semiconducting SWCNTs in the ensemble, while sc-SWCNTs have a >99.9% purity of semiconducting nanotubes. Both SWCNT FET devices were decorated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and were then employed in investigating the Ca2+-induced conformational change of calmodulin (CaM) - a vital process in calcium signal transduction in the human body. Different biosensing behavior was observed from FET characteristics of the two types of SWCNTs, with sc-SWCNT FET devices displaying better sensing performance with a dynamic range from 10-15 M to 10-13 M Ca2+, and a lower limit of detection at 10-15 M Ca2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Shao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.
| | - Seth C Burkert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.
| | - David L White
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.
| | - Valerie L Scott
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.
| | - Jianfu Ding
- Security and Disruptive Technologies Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Zhao Li
- Security and Disruptive Technologies Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Jianying Ouyang
- Security and Disruptive Technologies Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - François Lapointe
- Security and Disruptive Technologies Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Patrick R L Malenfant
- Security and Disruptive Technologies Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Kabirul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.
| | - Alexander Star
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.
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Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) promise to advance a number of real-world technologies. Of these applications, they are particularly attractive for uses in chemical sensors for environmental and health monitoring. However, chemical sensors based on CNTs are often lacking in selectivity, and the elucidation of their sensing mechanisms remains challenging. This review is a comprehensive description of the parameters that give rise to the sensing capabilities of CNT-based sensors and the application of CNT-based devices in chemical sensing. This review begins with the discussion of the sensing mechanisms in CNT-based devices, the chemical methods of CNT functionalization, architectures of sensors, performance parameters, and theoretical models used to describe CNT sensors. It then discusses the expansive applications of CNT-based sensors to multiple areas including environmental monitoring, food and agriculture applications, biological sensors, and national security. The discussion of each analyte focuses on the strategies used to impart selectivity and the molecular interactions between the selector and the analyte. Finally, the review concludes with a brief outlook over future developments in the field of chemical sensors and their prospects for commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Schroeder
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Suchol Savagatrup
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Maggie He
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sibo Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Timothy M. Swager
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Moradnia H, Raissi H, Bakhtiari A. A density functional theory-based analysis of the structural, topological and electronic properties of gemcitabine drug adsorption on the pyrrolidine functionalized single-walled carbon nanotube. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 37:2477-2486. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1491892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Heidar Raissi
- Chemistry Department, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Akbar Bakhtiari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
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Lowe BM, Sun K, Zeimpekis I, Skylaris CK, Green NG. Field-effect sensors - from pH sensing to biosensing: sensitivity enhancement using streptavidin-biotin as a model system. Analyst 2018; 142:4173-4200. [PMID: 29072718 DOI: 10.1039/c7an00455a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Field-Effect Transistor sensors (FET-sensors) have been receiving increasing attention for biomolecular sensing over the last two decades due to their potential for ultra-high sensitivity sensing, label-free operation, cost reduction and miniaturisation. Whilst the commercial application of FET-sensors in pH sensing has been realised, their commercial application in biomolecular sensing (termed BioFETs) is hindered by poor understanding of how to optimise device design for highly reproducible operation and high sensitivity. In part, these problems stem from the highly interdisciplinary nature of the problems encountered in this field, in which knowledge of biomolecular-binding kinetics, surface chemistry, electrical double layer physics and electrical engineering is required. In this work, a quantitative analysis and critical review has been performed comparing literature FET-sensor data for pH-sensing with data for sensing of biomolecular streptavidin binding to surface-bound biotin systems. The aim is to provide the first systematic, quantitative comparison of BioFET results for a single biomolecular analyte, specifically streptavidin, which is the most commonly used model protein in biosensing experiments, and often used as an initial proof-of-concept for new biosensor designs. This novel quantitative and comparative analysis of the surface potential behaviour of a range of devices demonstrated a strong contrast between the trends observed in pH-sensing and those in biomolecule-sensing. Potential explanations are discussed in detail and surface-chemistry optimisation is shown to be a vital component in sensitivity-enhancement. Factors which can influence the response, yet which have not always been fully appreciated, are explored and practical suggestions are provided on how to improve experimental design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Lowe
- Department of Electronics and Computer Science, Nano Research Group, University of Southampton, UK.
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Electronics and Computer Science, Nano Research Group, University of Southampton, UK.
| | - Ioannis Zeimpekis
- Department of Electronics and Computer Science, Nano Research Group, University of Southampton, UK.
| | | | - Nicolas G Green
- Department of Electronics and Computer Science, Nano Research Group, University of Southampton, UK.
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31
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Kopac T, Bozgeyik K, Flahaut E. Adsorption and interactions of the bovine serum albumin-double walled carbon nanotube system. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.12.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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32
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Lee SH, Cho W, Hwang DK, Lee TK, Kang YS, Im SS. Synthesis of poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)/ammonium vanadate nanofiber composites for counter electrode of dye-sensitized solar cells. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.05.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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33
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Shojaie F. A comprehensive density functional theory study on molecular structures of (5, 5) carbon nanotube doped with B, N, Al, Si, P, Co, and Ni. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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34
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Abramyan TM, Hyde-Volpe DL, Stuart SJ, Latour RA. Application of advanced sampling and analysis methods to predict the structure of adsorbed protein on a material surface. Biointerphases 2017; 12:02D409. [PMID: 28514864 PMCID: PMC5435533 DOI: 10.1116/1.4983274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of standard molecular dynamics simulation methods to predict the interactions of a protein with a material surface have the inherent limitations of lacking the ability to determine the most likely conformations and orientations of the adsorbed protein on the surface and to determine the level of convergence attained by the simulation. In addition, standard mixing rules are typically applied to combine the nonbonded force field parameters of the solution and solid phases the system to represent interfacial behavior without validation. As a means to circumvent these problems, the authors demonstrate the application of an efficient advanced sampling method (TIGER2A) for the simulation of the adsorption of hen egg-white lysozyme on a crystalline (110) high-density polyethylene surface plane. Simulations are conducted to generate a Boltzmann-weighted ensemble of sampled states using force field parameters that were validated to represent interfacial behavior for this system. The resulting ensembles of sampled states were then analyzed using an in-house-developed cluster analysis method to predict the most probable orientations and conformations of the protein on the surface based on the amount of sampling performed, from which free energy differences between the adsorbed states were able to be calculated. In addition, by conducting two independent sets of TIGER2A simulations combined with cluster analyses, the authors demonstrate a method to estimate the degree of convergence achieved for a given amount of sampling. The results from these simulations demonstrate that these methods enable the most probable orientations and conformations of an adsorbed protein to be predicted and that the use of our validated interfacial force field parameter set provides closer agreement to available experimental results compared to using standard CHARMM force field parameterization to represent molecular behavior at the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tigran M Abramyan
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, 501 Rhodes Engineering Research Center, Clemson, South Carolina 29634
| | - David L Hyde-Volpe
- Department of Chemistry, 369 Hunter Laboratories, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634
| | - Steven J Stuart
- Department of Chemistry, 369 Hunter Laboratories, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634
| | - Robert A Latour
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, 501 Rhodes Engineering Research Center, Clemson, South Carolina 29634
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35
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Schmaltz T, Sforazzini G, Reichert T, Frauenrath H. Self-Assembled Monolayers as Patterning Tool for Organic Electronic Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1605286. [PMID: 28160336 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201605286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The patterning of functional materials represents a crucial step for the implementation of organic semiconducting materials into functional devices. Classical patterning techniques such as photolithography or shadow masking exhibit certain limitations in terms of choice of materials, processing techniques and feasibility for large area fabrication. The use of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) as a patterning tool offers a wide variety of opportunities, from the region-selective deposition of active components to guiding the crystallization direction. Here, we discuss general techniques and mechanisms for SAM-based patterning and show that all necessary components for organic electronic devices, i.e., conducting materials, dielectrics, organic semiconductors, and further functional layers can be patterned with the use of self-assembled monolayers. The advantages and limitations, and potential further applications of patterning approaches based on self-assembled monolayers are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schmaltz
- Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Materials, EPFL-STI-IMX-LMOM, Station 12, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Sforazzini
- Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Materials, EPFL-STI-IMX-LMOM, Station 12, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Reichert
- Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Materials, EPFL-STI-IMX-LMOM, Station 12, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Holger Frauenrath
- Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Materials, EPFL-STI-IMX-LMOM, Station 12, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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36
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Adsorption properties of CH3COOH on (6,0), (7,0), and (8,0) zigzag, and (4,4), and (5,5) armchair single-walled carbon nanotubes: A density functional study. ARAB J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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37
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Lim CM, Kwon JY, Cho WJ. Field-Effect Transistor Biosensor Platform Fused with Drosophila Odorant-Binding Proteins for Instant Ethanol Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:14051-14057. [PMID: 28374580 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b15539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) have attracted considerable attention as sensing substrates for the development of olfactory biosensors. The Drosophila LUSH protein is an OBP and is known to bind to various alcohols. Technology that uses the LUSH protein has great potential to provide crucial information through odorant detection. In this work, the LUSH protein was used as a sensing substrate to detect the ethanol concentration. Furthermore, we fused the LUSH protein with a silicon-on-insulator (SOI)-based ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) to measure the electrical signals that arise from molecular interactions between the LUSH and ethanol. A dual-gate sensing system for self-amplification of the signal resulting from the molecular interaction between the LUSH and ethanol was then used to achieve a much higher sensitivity than a conventional ISFET. In the end, we successfully detected ethanol at concentrations ranging between 0.001 and 1% using the LUSH OBP-fused ISFET olfactory sensor. The OBP-fused SOI-based olfactory ISFET sensor can lead to the development of handheld sensors for various purposes such as detecting toxic chemicals, narcotics control, testing for food freshness, and noninvasive diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol-Min Lim
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University , 20 Gwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Kwon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University , Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 440-746, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ju Cho
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University , 20 Gwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
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38
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Barreda JL, Keiper TD, Zhang M, Xiong P. Multiple Schottky Barrier-Limited Field-Effect Transistors on a Single Silicon Nanowire with an Intrinsic Doping Gradient. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:12046-12053. [PMID: 28274114 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In comparison to conventional (channel-limited) field-effect transistors (FETs), Schottky barrier-limited FETs possess some unique characteristics which make them attractive candidates for some electronic and sensing applications. Consequently, modulation of the nano Schottky barrier at a metal-semiconductor interface promises higher performance for chemical and biomolecular sensor applications when compared to conventional FETs with ohmic contacts. However, the fabrication and optimization of devices with a combination of ideal ohmic and Schottky contacts as the source and drain, respectively, present many challenges. We address this issue by utilizing Si nanowires (NWs) synthesized by a chemical vapor deposition process which yields a pronounced doping gradient along the length of the NWs. Devices with a series of metal contacts on a single Si NW are fabricated in a single lithography and metallization process. The graded doping profile of the NW is manifested in monotonic increases in the channel and junction resistances and variation of the nature of the contacts from ohmic to Schottky of increasing effective barrier height along the NW. Hence multiple single Schottky junction-limited FETs with extreme asymmetry and high reproducibility are obtained on an individual NW. A definitive correlation between increasing Schottky barrier height and enhanced gate modulation is revealed. Having access to systematically varying Schottky barrier contacts on the same NW device provides an ideal platform for identifying optimal device characteristics for sensing and electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L Barreda
- Department of Physics, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Timothy D Keiper
- Department of Physics, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, College of Engineering, Florida A&M University-Florida State University (FAMU-FSU) , Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Peng Xiong
- Department of Physics, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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39
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Keiper TD, Barreda JL, Zheng JP, Xiong P. Modulation of electronic properties of tin oxide nanobelts via thermal control of surface oxygen defects. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:055701. [PMID: 28008886 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/28/5/055701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials made from binary metal oxides are of increasing interest because of their versatility in applications from flexible electronics to portable chemical and biological sensors. Controlling the electrical properties of these materials is the first step in device implementation. Tin dioxide (SnO2) nanobelts (NB) synthesized by the vapor-liquid-solid mechanism have shown much promise in this regard. We explore the modification of devices prepared with single crystalline NBs by thermal annealing in vacuum and oxygen, resulting in a viable field-effect transistor (FET) for numerous applications at ambient temperature. An oxygen annealing step initially increases the device conductance by up to a factor of 105, likely through the modification of the surface defects of the NB, leading to Schottky barrier limited devices. A multi-step annealing procedure leads to further increase of the conductance by approximately 350% and optimization of the electronic properties. The effects of each step is investigated systematically on a single NB. The optimization of the electrical properties of the NBs makes possible the consistent production of channel-limited FETs and control of the device performance. Understanding these improvements on the electrical properties over the as-grown materials provides a pathway to enhance and tailor the functionalities of tin oxide nanostructures for a wide variety of optical, electronic, optoelectronic, and sensing applications that operate at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Keiper
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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40
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Mengting W, Yanase T, Uehara F, Watanabe S, Miura T, Nagahama T, Shimada T. Switching of the products by changing the size and shape of catalytic nanoparticles during CVD growth of MoS2 nanotubes. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce00608j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
MoS2 nanotubes are grown by CVD with FeO catalyst nanoparticles, which competes with the formation of SiO2 nanowires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weng Mengting
- Division of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
| | - Takashi Yanase
- Division of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
| | - Fumiya Uehara
- Division of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
| | - Sho Watanabe
- Division of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
| | - Takuya Miura
- Division of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
| | - Taro Nagahama
- Division of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
| | - Toshihiro Shimada
- Division of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
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41
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Su X, Hatton TA. Electrosorption at functional interfaces: from molecular-level interactions to electrochemical cell design. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:23570-23584. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02822a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This perspective discusses the fundamental processes behind electrosorption at charged interfaces, and highlights advances in electrode design for sustainable technologies in water purification and ion-selective separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- United States
| | - T. Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- United States
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42
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43
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Sharma A, Han CH, Jang J. Rapid electrical immunoassay of the cardiac biomarker troponin I through dielectrophoretic concentration using imbedded electrodes. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 82:78-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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44
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Zheng HY, Alsager OA, Zhu B, Travas-Sejdic J, Hodgkiss JM, Plank NOV. Electrostatic gating in carbon nanotube aptasensors. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:13659-13668. [PMID: 27376166 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08117c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic DNA aptamer receptors could boost the prospects of carbon nanotube (CNT)-based electronic biosensors if signal transduction can be understood and engineered. Here, we report CNT aptasensors for potassium ions that clearly demonstrate aptamer-induced electrostatic gating of electronic conduction. The CNT network devices were fabricated on flexible substrates via a facile solution processing route and non-covalently functionalised with potassium binding aptamers. Monotonic increases in CNT conduction were observed in response to increasing potassium ion concentration, with a level of detection as low as 10 picomolar. The signal was shown to arise from a specific aptamer-target interaction that stabilises a G-quadruplex structure, bringing high negative charge density near the CNT channel. Electrostatic gating is established via the specificity and the sign of the current response, and by observing its suppression when higher ionic strength decreases the Debye length at the CNT-water interface. Sensitivity towards potassium and selectivity against other ions is demonstrated in both resistive mode and real time transistor mode measurements. The effective device architecture presented, along with the identification of clear response signatures, should inform the development of new electronic biosensors using the growing library of aptamer receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yue Zheng
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6021, New Zealand. and The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, New Zealand
| | - Omar A Alsager
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6021, New Zealand. and The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, New Zealand
| | - Bicheng Zhu
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre (PERC), School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jadranka Travas-Sejdic
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, New Zealand and Polymer Electronics Research Centre (PERC), School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Justin M Hodgkiss
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6021, New Zealand. and The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, New Zealand
| | - Natalie O V Plank
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6021, New Zealand. and The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, New Zealand
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45
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Liu X, Zhang M, Xiao T, Hao J, Li R, Mao L. Protein Pretreatment of Microelectrodes Enables in Vivo Electrochemical Measurements with Easy Precalibration and Interference-Free from Proteins. Anal Chem 2016; 88:7238-44. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Meining Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Tongfang Xiao
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jie Hao
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ruixin Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical
Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
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46
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Kim JE, Choi JH, Colas M, Kim DH, Lee H. Gold-based hybrid nanomaterials for biosensing and molecular diagnostic applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 80:543-559. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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47
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Hahm JI. Fundamental Properties of One-Dimensional Zinc Oxide Nanomaterials and Implementations in Various Detection Modes of Enhanced Biosensing. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2016. [PMID: 27215822 DOI: 10.1146/annurev‐physchem‐031215‐010949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent bioapplications of one-dimensional (1D) zinc oxide (ZnO) nanomaterials, despite the short development period, have shown promising signs as new sensors and assay platforms offering exquisite biomolecular sensitivity and selectivity. The incorporation of 1D ZnO nanomaterials has proven beneficial to various modes of biodetection owing to their inherent properties. The more widely explored electrochemical and electrical approaches tend to capitalize on the reduced physical dimensionality, yielding a high surface-to-volume ratio, as well as on the electrical properties of ZnO. The newer development of the use of 1D ZnO nanomaterials in fluorescence-based biodetection exploits the innate optical property of their high anisotropy. This review considers stimulating research advances made to identify and understand fundamental properties of 1D ZnO nanomaterials, and examines various biosensing modes utilizing them, while focusing on the unique optical properties of individual and ensembles of 1D ZnO nanomaterials specifically pertaining to their bio-optical applications in simple and complex fluorescence assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-In Hahm
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057;
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48
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Hahm JI. Fundamental Properties of One-Dimensional Zinc Oxide Nanomaterials and Implementations in Various Detection Modes of Enhanced Biosensing. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2016; 67:691-717. [PMID: 27215822 PMCID: PMC4894344 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-031215-010949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent bioapplications of one-dimensional (1D) zinc oxide (ZnO) nanomaterials, despite the short development period, have shown promising signs as new sensors and assay platforms offering exquisite biomolecular sensitivity and selectivity. The incorporation of 1D ZnO nanomaterials has proven beneficial to various modes of biodetection owing to their inherent properties. The more widely explored electrochemical and electrical approaches tend to capitalize on the reduced physical dimensionality, yielding a high surface-to-volume ratio, as well as on the electrical properties of ZnO. The newer development of the use of 1D ZnO nanomaterials in fluorescence-based biodetection exploits the innate optical property of their high anisotropy. This review considers stimulating research advances made to identify and understand fundamental properties of 1D ZnO nanomaterials, and examines various biosensing modes utilizing them, while focusing on the unique optical properties of individual and ensembles of 1D ZnO nanomaterials specifically pertaining to their bio-optical applications in simple and complex fluorescence assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-In Hahm
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057;
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49
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Novel three-dimensional cellulose produced from trunk of Astragalus gummifer (Fabaceae) tested for protein adsorption performance. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 62:144-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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50
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Zeimpekis I, Sun K, Hu C, Ditshego NMJ, Thomas O, de Planque MRR, Chong HMH, Morgan H, Ashburn P. Dual-gate polysilicon nanoribbon biosensors enable high sensitivity detection of proteins. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:165502. [PMID: 26954011 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/16/165502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the advantages of dual-gate polysilicon nanoribbon biosensors with a comprehensive evaluation of different measurement schemes for pH and protein sensing. In particular, we compare the detection of voltage and current changes when top- and bottom-gate bias is applied. Measurements of pH show that a large voltage shift of 491 mV pH(-1) is obtained in the subthreshold region when the top-gate is kept at a fixed potential and the bottom-gate is varied (voltage sweep). This is an improvement of 16 times over the 30 mV pH(-1) measured using a top-gate sweep with the bottom-gate at a fixed potential. A similar large voltage shift of 175 mV is obtained when the protein avidin is sensed using a bottom-gate sweep. This is an improvement of 20 times compared with the 8.8 mV achieved from a top-gate sweep. Current measurements using bottom-gate sweeps do not deliver the same signal amplification as when using bottom-gate sweeps to measure voltage shifts. Thus, for detecting a small signal change on protein binding, it is advantageous to employ a double-gate transistor and to measure a voltage shift using a bottom-gate sweep. For top-gate sweeps, the use of a dual-gate transistor enables the current sensitivity to be enhanced by applying a negative bias to the bottom-gate to reduce the carrier concentration in the nanoribbon. For pH measurements, the current sensitivity increases from 65% to 149% and for avidin sensing it increases from 1.4% to 2.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Zeimpekis
- Zepler Institute, Electronics & Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
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