1
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Hyun YE, Jarhad DB, Kim M, Yang A, Kim G, Kim HR, Jeong LS. Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure Pyrimidine Ribonucleosides Locked in the South Conformation. Org Lett 2022; 24:9281-9284. [PMID: 36512445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The conformation of the central five-membered ring of a nucleoside plays an important role in enzyme recognition. Bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane, also known as the methanocarba (MC), serves as a template that can mimic the locked forms of the two distinctive conformations, namely, the north and south conformations. While modified nucleosides locked in the north conformation have been actively investigated, the south counterpart remains largely unexplored because it is difficult to synthesize. Herein, we report a concise synthetic route that can provide the key amino sugar intermediate essential for the synthesis of (S)-MC ribonucleosides in a 100% stereoselective manner. Also, through the proposed synthetic approach, we report the first synthesis of enantiomerically pure (S)-MC cytidine 1. We believe our findings would greatly contribute to the field of nucleoside chemistry and provide opportunities for novel nucleoside discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Eum Hyun
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Dnyandev B Jarhad
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Minjae Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ayeon Yang
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Gyudong Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.,College of Pharmacy & Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Hong-Rae Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02708, Korea
| | - Lak Shin Jeong
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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2
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Pal S, Chandra G, Patel S, Singh S. Fluorinated Nucleosides: Synthesis, Modulation in Conformation and Therapeutic Application. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202100335. [PMID: 35253973 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the last twenty years, fluorination on nucleoside has established itself as the most promising tool to use to get biologically active compounds that could sustain the clinical trial by affecting the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic properties. Due to fluorine's inherent unique properties and its judicious introduction into the molecule, makes the corresponding nucleoside metabolically very stable, lipophilic, and opens a new site of intermolecular binding. Fluorination on various nucleosides has been extensively studied as a result, a series of fluorinated nucleosides come up for different therapeutic uses which are either approved by the FDA or under the advanced stage of the clinical trial. Here in this review, we are summarizing the latest development in the chemistry of fluorination on nucleoside that led to varieties of new analogs like carbocyclic, acyclic, and conformationally biased nucleoside and their biological properties, the influence of fluorine on conformation, oligonucleotide stability, and their use in therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Pal
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Bhubaneswar Argul, Odisha, India, 752050
| | - Girish Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, SH-7, Gaya Panchanpur Road, Gaya, Bihar, India, 824236
| | - Samridhi Patel
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, SH-7, Gaya Panchanpur Road, Gaya, Bihar, India, 824236
| | - Sakshi Singh
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Bhubaneswar Argul, Odisha, India, 752050
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3
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Zhu Y, Li Z, Song W, Khan MA, Li H. Conformation Locking of the Pentose Ring in Nucleotide Monophosphate Coordination Polymers via π-π Stacking and Metal-Ion Coordination. Inorg Chem 2021; 61:818-829. [PMID: 34856096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The conformation of the pentose ring in nucleotides is extremely important and a basic problem in biochemistry and pharmaceutical chemistry. In this study, we used a strategy to regulate the conformation of pentose rings of nucleotides via the synergistic effect of metal-ion coordination and π-π stacking. Seven types of coordination complexes were developed and characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. On the basis of two conformational parameters obtained from single-crystal structure analysis, i.e., the pseudorotation phase angle and degree of puckering, the exact conformation of the furanose ring in these coordination polymers was unequivocally determined. Crystallographic studies demonstrate that a short bridging ligand (4,4'-bipyridine) is conducive to the formation of a twist form, and long auxiliary ligands [1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene and 4,4'-azopyridine] induce the formation of an envelope conformation. However, the longest auxiliary ligands [1,4-bis(4-pyridyl)-2,3-diaza-1,3-butadiene] cannot limit the flexibility of a nucleotide. Our results demonstrated that the proposed strategy is universal and controllable. Moreover, the chirality of these coordination polymers was examined by combining the explanation of their crystal structures with solid-state circular dichroism spectroscopy measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Zhongkui Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Song
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Maroof Ahmad Khan
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
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4
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Hamilton MM, Mseeh F, McAfoos TJ, Leonard PG, Reyna NJ, Harris AL, Xu A, Han M, Soth MJ, Czako B, Theroff JP, Mandal PK, Burke JP, Virgin-Downey B, Petrocchi A, Pfaffinger D, Rogers NE, Parker CA, Yu SS, Jiang Y, Krapp S, Lammens A, Trevitt G, Tremblay MR, Mikule K, Wilcoxen K, Cross JB, Jones P, Marszalek JR, Lewis RT. Discovery of IACS-9779 and IACS-70465 as Potent Inhibitors Targeting Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) Apoenzyme. J Med Chem 2021; 64:11302-11329. [PMID: 34292726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), a heme-containing enzyme that mediates the rate-limiting step in the metabolism of l-tryptophan to kynurenine, has been widely explored as a potential immunotherapeutic target in oncology. We developed a class of inhibitors with a conformationally constrained bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane core. These potently inhibited IDO1 in a cellular context by binding to the apoenzyme, as elucidated by biochemical characterization and X-ray crystallography. A SKOV3 tumor model was instrumental in differentiating compounds, leading to the identification of IACS-9779 (62) and IACS-70465 (71). IACS-70465 has excellent cellular potency, a robust pharmacodynamic response, and in a human whole blood assay was more potent than linrodostat (BMS-986205). IACS-9779 with a predicted human efficacious once daily dose below 1 mg/kg to sustain >90% inhibition of IDO1 displayed an acceptable safety margin in rodent toxicology and dog cardiovascular studies to support advancement into preclinical safety evaluation for human development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Hamilton
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Faika Mseeh
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Timothy J McAfoos
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Paul G Leonard
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Naphtali J Reyna
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Angela L Harris
- TRACTION (Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology), University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Alan Xu
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Michelle Han
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Michael J Soth
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Barbara Czako
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Jay P Theroff
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Pijus K Mandal
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Jason P Burke
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Brett Virgin-Downey
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Alessia Petrocchi
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Dana Pfaffinger
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Norma E Rogers
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Connor A Parker
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Simon S Yu
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Yongying Jiang
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Stephan Krapp
- Proteros Biostructures GmbH, Bunsenstr. 7a, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Alfred Lammens
- Proteros Biostructures GmbH, Bunsenstr. 7a, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Graham Trevitt
- XenoGesis Ltd, BioCity Nottingham, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire NG1 1GF, U.K
| | - Martin R Tremblay
- Tesaro Inc., 1000 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451 United States
| | - Keith Mikule
- Tesaro Inc., 1000 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451 United States
| | - Keith Wilcoxen
- Tesaro Inc., 1000 Winter Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451 United States
| | - Jason B Cross
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Philip Jones
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Joseph R Marszalek
- TRACTION (Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology), University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Richard T Lewis
- IACS (Institute for Applied Cancer Science), University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
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5
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Hyun YE, Kim HR, Jeong LS. Stereoselective Synthesis of ( S)- and ( N)-Cyclopropyl-Fused Carbocyclic Nucleosides Using Stereoselective Cyclopropanation. J Org Chem 2021; 86:9828-9837. [PMID: 34184528 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To determine which sugar conformation is favorable in binding to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, the conformationally locked south (S) and north (N) analogues were asymmetrically synthesized using a bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane template. The (S)-conformer was synthesized by employing "reagent-controlled" Charette asymmetric cyclopropanation in a 100% stereoselective manner, whereas the (N)-conformer was stereoselectively synthesized by using "substrate-controlled" hydroxyl-directed Simmons-Smith cyclopropanation as a key step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Eum Hyun
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hong-Rae Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Lak Shin Jeong
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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6
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Lee H, Jarhad DB, Yu J, Lee C, Jeong LS. Asymmetric Synthesis of 2'- C-Methyl-4'-selenonucleosides as Anti-Hepatitis C Virus Agents. J Org Chem 2019; 84:14414-14426. [PMID: 31608633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In search of a new template for anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) agents, we designed and synthesized the 2'-C-methyl-4'-selenopyrimidine and -purine nucleosides and their phosphoramidate prodrugs to replace a furanose oxygen of anti-HCV nucleos(t)ides with a selenium atom on the basis that selenium is a chemical isostere of oxygen. These nucleosides are expected to show different physicochemical properties such as better lipophilicity which might enhance the penetration across cell membranes and the conformational constraint induced by a bulky selenium atom in the sugar ring. The 2'-C-methyl-4'-selenopyrimidine and -purine nucleosides 8 and 9 were synthesized from 2-C-methyl-d-ribono-γ-lactone (14) via construction of 2-C-methyl-d-selenosugar 18 through C-4 epimerization and SN2 cyclization with Se2- as key steps. The key 4'-selenosugar was converted to the 2'-C-methyl-4'-selenopyrimidine and -purine nucleosides using Pummerer-type rearrangement and Vorbrüggen glycosylation, respectively. In addition, the ProTide strategy has been applied to synthesize the adenine and uracil phosphoramidate derivatives 10a and 10b to overcome the limitations associated with parent nucleosides such as inefficient conversion to their corresponding 5'-monophosphate form and poor cellular uptake. The regio- and stereochemistry of 4'-selenonucleosides were confirmed by 2D NOESY NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. None of the final pyrimidine and purine nucleosides and their prodrugs exhibited significant anti-HCV activity up to 100 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Lee
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08820 , Korea
| | - Dnyandev B Jarhad
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08820 , Korea
| | - Jinha Yu
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08820 , Korea
| | - Choongho Lee
- College of Pharmacy , Dongguk University , Goyang , Gyeonggi-do 10326 , Korea
| | - Lak Shin Jeong
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08820 , Korea
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7
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Vorberg R, Trapp N, Carreira EM, Müller K. Bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane as a Core Structure for Conformational Locking of 1,3-Bis-Pharmacophores, Exemplified by GABA. Chemistry 2017; 23:3126-3138. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raffael Vorberg
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Nils Trapp
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Erick M. Carreira
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Klaus Müller
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
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8
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Toti KS, Osborne D, Ciancetta A, Boison D, Jacobson KA. South (S)- and North (N)-Methanocarba-7-Deazaadenosine Analogues as Inhibitors of Human Adenosine Kinase. J Med Chem 2016; 59:6860-77. [PMID: 27410258 PMCID: PMC5032833 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine kinase (AdK) inhibitors raise endogenous adenosine levels, particularly in disease states, and have potential for treatment of seizures, neurodegeneration, and inflammation. On the basis of the South (S) ribose conformation and molecular dynamics (MD) analysis of nucleoside inhibitors bound in AdK X-ray crystallographic structures, (S)- and North (N)-methanocarba (bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane) derivatives of known inhibitors were prepared and compared as human (h) AdK inhibitors. 5'-Hydroxy (34, MRS4202 (S); 55, MRS4380 (N)) and 5'-deoxy 38a (MRS4203 (S)) analogues, containing 7- and N(6)-NH phenyl groups in 7-deazaadenine, robustly inhibited AdK activity (IC50 ∼ 100 nM), while the 5'-hydroxy derivative 30 lacking the phenyl substituents was weak. Docking in the hAdK X-ray structure and MD simulation suggested a mode of binding similar to 5'-deoxy-5-iodotubercidin and other known inhibitors. Thus, a structure-based design approach for further potency enhancement is possible. The potent AdK inhibitors in this study are ready to be further tested in animal models of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran S Toti
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bldg. 8A, Rm. B1A-19, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0810, United States
| | - Danielle Osborne
- Robert Stone Dow Neurobiology Laboratories, Legacy Research Institute , 1225 NE Second Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97232, United States
| | - Antonella Ciancetta
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bldg. 8A, Rm. B1A-19, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0810, United States
| | - Detlev Boison
- Robert Stone Dow Neurobiology Laboratories, Legacy Research Institute , 1225 NE Second Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97232, United States
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bldg. 8A, Rm. B1A-19, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0810, United States
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9
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Sjuvarsson E, Marquez VE, Eriksson S. Selective Phosphorylation of South and North-Cytidine and Adenosine Methanocarba-Nucleosides by Human Nucleoside and Nucleotide Kinases Correlates with Their Growth Inhibitory Effects on Cultured Cells. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2016; 34:544-64. [PMID: 26167664 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2015.1031248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Here bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane locked deoxycytidine (S-MCdC, N-MCdC), and deoxyadenosine analogs (S-MCdA and N-MCdA) were examined as substrates for purified preparations of human deoxynucleoside kinases: dCK, dGK, TK2, TK1, the ribonucleoside kinase UCK2, two NMP kinases (CMPK1, TMPK) and a NDP kinase. dCK can be important for the first step of phosphorylation of S-MCdC in cells, but S-MCdCMP was not a substrate for CMPK1, TMPK, or NDPK. dCK and dGK had a preference for the S-MCdA whereas N-MCdA was not a substrate for dCK, TK1, UCK2, TK2, dGK nucleoside kinases. The cell growth experiments suggested that N-MCdC and S-MCdA could be activated in cells by cellular kinases so that a triphosphate metabolite was formed. List of abbreviations: ddC, 2', 3'-didioxycytosine, Zalcitabine; 3TC, β-L-(-)-2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine, Lamivudine; CdA, 2-cloro-2'-deoxyadenosine, Cladribine; AraA, 9-β-D-arabinofuranosyladenine; hCNT 1-3, human Concentrative Nucleoside Transporter type 1, 2 and 3; hENT 1-4, human Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter type 1, 2, 3, and 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sjuvarsson
- a Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , VHC , Uppsala , Sweden
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10
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Naik SD, Chandra G, Sahu PK, Kim HR, Qu S, Yoon JS, Jeong LS. Stereo- and regio-selective synthesis of 3′-C-substituted-(N)-methanocarba adenosines as potential anticancer agents. Org Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qo00358c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of 3′-C-substituted-(N)-methanocarba adenosines using stereoselective cyclopropanation, stereoselective nucleophilic addition, regioselective isopropylidene cleavage and regioselective cyclic sulfate condensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhi D. Naik
- College of Pharmacy
- Ewha Womans University
- Seoul 03760
- Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Girish Chandra
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- Central University of Bihar
- Gaya
- India
| | - Pramod K. Sahu
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- College of Pharmacy
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Korea
| | - Hong-Rae Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- College of Pharmacy
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Korea
| | - Shuhao Qu
- College of Pharmacy
- Ewha Womans University
- Seoul 03760
- Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Ji-seong Yoon
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- College of Pharmacy
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Korea
| | - Lak Shin Jeong
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- College of Pharmacy
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Korea
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11
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Design, synthesis and cellular metabolism study of 4′-selenonucleosides. Future Med Chem 2015; 7:1643-55. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.15.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: 4′-seleno-homonucleosides were synthesized as next-generation nucleosides, and their cellular phosphorylation was studied to confirm the hypothesis that bulky selenium atom can sterically hinder the approach of cellular nucleoside kinase to the 5′-OH for phosphorylation. Results: 4′-seleno-homonucleosides (n = 2), with one-carbon homologation, were synthesized through a tandem seleno-Michael addition-SN2 ring cyclization. LC-MS analysis demonstrated that they were phosphorylated by cellular nucleoside kinases, resulting in anticancer activity. Conclusion: The bulky selenium atom played a key role in deciding the phosphorylation by cellular nucleoside kinases. [Formula: see text]
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12
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An improved synthesis of 3,6-anhydro-d-glucal and a study of its unusual chemical reactivity. Carbohydr Res 2014; 391:106-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Martínez-Montero S, Fernández S, Sanghvi YS, Gotor V, Ferrero M. CAL-B-Catalyzed Acylation of Nucleosides and Role of the Sugar Conformation: An Improved Understanding of the Enzyme-Substrate Recognition. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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14
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Choi WJ, Ko YJ, Chandra G, Lee HW, Kim HO, Koh HJ, Moon HR, Jung YH, Jeong LS. Stereoselective synthesis and anti-HCV activity of conformationally restricted 2′-C-substituted carbanucleosides. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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15
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Pryde DC, Middleton DS, Stephenson PT, Wainwright P, Maddaford A, Zhang X, Leese D, Glen R, Hart J, Forrest N, Guyot T. Practical synthetic routes to carbon-substituted nucleosides. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Jimeno C, Pericàs MA, Wessel HP, Alker A, Müller K. Two distinct conformations of GABA locked by embedding in the bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane core structure. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:1792-5. [PMID: 21805644 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201100220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ciril Jimeno
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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17
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Effects of structural differences between radioiodine-labeled 1-(2′-fluoro-2′-deoxy-d-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodouracil (FIAU) and 1-(2′-fluoro-2′-deoxy-d-ribofuranosyl)-5-iodouracil (FIRU) on HSV1-TK reporter gene imaging. Appl Radiat Isot 2010; 68:971-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2009.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Revised: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 12/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Elhalem E, Pujol CA, Damonte EB, Rodriguez JB. Synthesis and biological evaluation of N-thia-carba-thymidine as an antiherpetic agent. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.02.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Lebreton J, Escudier JM, Arzel L, Len C. Synthesis of Bicyclonucleosides Having a C−C Bridge. Chem Rev 2010; 110:3371-418. [DOI: 10.1021/cr800465j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Lebreton
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Laboratoire CEISAM-UMR-CNRS 6230, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France, Université Paul Sabatier Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physicochimie des Molécules d’Intérêt Biologique - UMR-CNRS 5068, 31062 Toulouse Cedex, France, and Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Ecole Supérieure de Chimie Organique Minérale, EA 4297, Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable, 1 allée du Réseau Jean-Marie Buckmaster,
| | - Jean-Marc Escudier
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Laboratoire CEISAM-UMR-CNRS 6230, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France, Université Paul Sabatier Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physicochimie des Molécules d’Intérêt Biologique - UMR-CNRS 5068, 31062 Toulouse Cedex, France, and Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Ecole Supérieure de Chimie Organique Minérale, EA 4297, Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable, 1 allée du Réseau Jean-Marie Buckmaster,
| | - Laurence Arzel
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Laboratoire CEISAM-UMR-CNRS 6230, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France, Université Paul Sabatier Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physicochimie des Molécules d’Intérêt Biologique - UMR-CNRS 5068, 31062 Toulouse Cedex, France, and Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Ecole Supérieure de Chimie Organique Minérale, EA 4297, Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable, 1 allée du Réseau Jean-Marie Buckmaster,
| | - Christophe Len
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Laboratoire CEISAM-UMR-CNRS 6230, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France, Université Paul Sabatier Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physicochimie des Molécules d’Intérêt Biologique - UMR-CNRS 5068, 31062 Toulouse Cedex, France, and Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Ecole Supérieure de Chimie Organique Minérale, EA 4297, Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable, 1 allée du Réseau Jean-Marie Buckmaster,
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20
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Jo NH, Kim JY, El-Gamal MI, Choi WK, Park JH, Kim EJ, Cho JH, Ha HJ, Choi TH, Oh CH. Radiosynthesis and in vitro evaluation of 1-(tetrahydro-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2H-pyran-3-yl)-5-[125I]iodouracil: A new potential agent for HSV1-tk reporter gene monitoring. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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21
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Michel BY, Strazewski P. Total syntheses of a conformationally locked North-type methanocarba puromycin analogue and a dinucleotide derivative. Chemistry 2009; 15:6244-57. [PMID: 19441002 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200802629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An original synthetic approach for the first synthesis of an enantiopure methanocarba puromycin (3'-alpha-aminoacylamino-3'-deoxyadenosine) analogue and its cytidine dinucleotide derivative is described. Each compound is conformationally locked in a North-type pucker and exhibits both a pseudoaxial hydroxy group and a pseudoequatorial aminoacyl group. The syntheses were accomplished from D-ribose in 18 and 19 steps, respectively, with key steps being a ring-closing metathesis, a Luche reduction, a Simmons-Smith cyclopropanation, a Mitsunobu coupling, a Mattocks bromoacetylation, a regioselective and a stereoselective nucleophilic substitution, a chemoselective phosphoramidite coupling and a Staudinger-Vilarrasa coupling. Both molecules are being tested for peptidyl transfer efficiency in ribosomes for comparison with the peptidyl transfer kinetics of natural puromycin and other natural and synthetic ribosomal A site substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Y Michel
- UMR 5246, CNRS, Laboratoire de Synthèse de Biomolécules, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, Université de Lyon, 69622 Lyon, France
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22
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Yoshimura Y, Takahata H. Development of Glycoside Bond Formation Reactions and Their Applications to the Synthesis of Novel Biologically Active Nucleosides. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2009. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.67.798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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23
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Kim MJ. Synthesis of novel bicyclic nucleosides with 3,6-anhydro sugar moiety. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2008; 27:1097-106. [PMID: 18788040 DOI: 10.1080/15257770802341269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Based on the biological importance of conformationally restricted nucleoside analogues, we have efficiently synthesized 3,6-anhydro sugar moiety with 3-C-hydroxymethyl substituent from 1,2;5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-D-glucose and condensed 15 with silylated nucleobases to afford the bicyclic nucleoside with 3,6-anhydro skeleton as potential antiviral agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myong Jung Kim
- Foundation for Applied Molecular Evolution, Gainesville, Florida 32601, USA.
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24
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Comin MJ, Vu BC, Boyer PL, Liao C, Hughes SH, Marquez VE. D-(+)-iso-methanocarbathymidine: a high-affinity substrate for herpes simplex virus 1 thymidine kinase. ChemMedChem 2008; 3:1129-34. [PMID: 18399509 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200800027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The stereoselective syntheses of the (+)-D and (-)-L enantiomers of iso-methanocarbathymidine (iso-MCT) was achieved through two independent linear approaches that converged on two antipodal enantiomers, common to a key precursor used in the synthesis of racemic iso-MCT. In the study reported herein we identified (+)-3 [D-(+)-iso-MCT] as the active enantiomer that was exclusively recognized by the herpes simplex virus 1 thymidine kinase (HSV1-tk), as was predicted by molecular modeling. For this purpose, a human osteosarcoma (HOS) cell line modified to contain and express HSV1-tk from herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1) was used to determine the cytotoxicity of the compounds by an assay that measures the level of ATP in the cells. The work demonstrates that changes in the substitution pattern of rigid bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane nucleosides, which, relative to normal nucleosides, appear unconventional, can lead to the spatial optimization of pharmacophores and vastly improved substrate recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Comin
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, P.O. Box B, Building 376, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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25
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27
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Mathé C, Périgaud C. Recent Approaches in the Synthesis of Conformationally Restricted Nucleoside Analogues. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Mathé
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS – UM 1 – UM 2, Université Montpellier 2, Case Courrier 1705, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpelliercedex 05, France, Fax: +33‐4‐67042029
| | - Christian Périgaud
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS – UM 1 – UM 2, Université Montpellier 2, Case Courrier 1705, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpelliercedex 05, France, Fax: +33‐4‐67042029
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28
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Marquez VE, Comin MJ. Rearranging the bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane template of carbocyclic nucleosides to improve binding recognition by kinases. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2008; 26:585-8. [PMID: 18066860 DOI: 10.1080/15257770701490175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane carbocyclic nucleoside (4) with a south-like conformation amenable to interact with the herpes thymidine kinase (HSV-tk) was synthesized with an endo-hydroxyl group positioned at the tip of the bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane ring system opposite to the tip of the fused cyclopropane ring. The introduction of the hydroxymethyl chain through a Baylis-Hillman type reaction and the regioselective opening of a cyclic sulfite intermediate to introduce the nitrogen functionality at the correct position are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor E Marquez
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA.
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29
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Aubin Y, Audran G, Monti H, De Clercq E. Chemoenzymatic synthesis and antiviral evaluation of conformationally constrained and 3′-methyl-branched carbanucleosides using both enantiomers of the same building block. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:374-81. [PMID: 17905585 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2007] [Revised: 09/10/2007] [Accepted: 09/14/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Starting from both enantiomers of a readily available building block, a straightforward enantioselective approach to constrained 3'-methyl-2',3'-alpha-oxirane-fused and 3'-methyl-3',4'-alpha-oxirane-fused carbanucleosides bearing different purine base analogues is described. The title compounds were evaluated as potential antiviral agents against important viruses. None of the new compounds had significant antiviral activity at a concentration of 100 microg/mL, which was the highest concentration tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoann Aubin
- Laboratoire de Réactivité Organique Sélective, U.M.R. 6180 Chirotechnologies: catalyse et biocatalyse, Université Paul Cézanne, Aix-Marseille III, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
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30
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Migliore MD, Zonta N, McGuigan C, Henson G, Andrei G, Snoeck R, Balzarini J. Synthesis and Antiviral Activity of the Carbocyclic Analogue of the Highly Potent and Selective Anti-VZV Bicyclo Furano Pyrimidines. J Med Chem 2007; 50:6485-92. [DOI: 10.1021/jm070357e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco D. Migliore
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward Vll Avenue, Cardiff, United Kingdom, Inhibitex, 9005 Westside Parkway, Alpharetta, Georgia 30004, and Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B- 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicola Zonta
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward Vll Avenue, Cardiff, United Kingdom, Inhibitex, 9005 Westside Parkway, Alpharetta, Georgia 30004, and Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B- 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christopher McGuigan
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward Vll Avenue, Cardiff, United Kingdom, Inhibitex, 9005 Westside Parkway, Alpharetta, Georgia 30004, and Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B- 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geoffrey Henson
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward Vll Avenue, Cardiff, United Kingdom, Inhibitex, 9005 Westside Parkway, Alpharetta, Georgia 30004, and Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B- 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Graciela Andrei
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward Vll Avenue, Cardiff, United Kingdom, Inhibitex, 9005 Westside Parkway, Alpharetta, Georgia 30004, and Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B- 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert Snoeck
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward Vll Avenue, Cardiff, United Kingdom, Inhibitex, 9005 Westside Parkway, Alpharetta, Georgia 30004, and Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B- 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Balzarini
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward Vll Avenue, Cardiff, United Kingdom, Inhibitex, 9005 Westside Parkway, Alpharetta, Georgia 30004, and Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B- 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Lee JA, Kim HO, Tosh DK, Moon HR, Kim S, Jeong LS. Stereoselective synthesis of 2'-C-methyl-cyclopropyl-fused carbanucleosides as potential anti-HCV agents. Org Lett 2007; 8:5081-3. [PMID: 17048848 DOI: 10.1021/ol061959f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Stereoselective synthesis of 2'-C-methyl-cyclopropyl-fused carbanucleosides was accomplished via stereoselective cyclopropanation, regioselective cleavage of the isopropylidene group, stereoselective Grignard reaction, and cyclic sulfate chemistry. [reaction: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong A Lee
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
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32
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Aubin Y, Audran G, Vanthuyne N, Monti H. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of novel adenosine carbanucleoside analogues containing a locked 3′-methyl-2′,3′-β-oxirane-fused system. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.03.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Comin MJ, Agbaria R, Ben-Kasus T, Huleihel M, Liao C, Sun G, Nicklaus MC, Deschamps JR, Parrish DA, Marquez VE. Sculpting the bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane template of carbocyclic nucleosides to improve recognition by herpes thymidine kinase. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:6216-22. [PMID: 17451242 DOI: 10.1021/ja0688732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The replacement of the furanose ring by a cyclopentane in nucleosides generates a group of analogues known generically as carbocyclic nucleosides. These compounds have increased chemical and enzymatic stability due to the absence of a true glycosyl bond that characterizes conventional nucleosides. The additional fusion of a cyclopropane ring to the cyclopentane produces a bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane system that depending on its location relative to the nucleobase is able to lock the embedded cyclopentane ring into conformations that mimic the typical north and south conformations of the furanose ring in conventional nucleosides. These bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane templates have already provided important clues to differentiate the contrasting conformational preferences between kinases and polymerases. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis, and phosphorylation pattern of a new bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane thymidine analogue that seems to possess an ideal spatial distribution of pharmacophores for an optimal interaction with herpes simplex 1 thymidine kinase. The bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane template represents a privileged rigid template for sculpting other carbocyclic nucleosides to meet the demands of specific receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Comin
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, 376 Boyles Street, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
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Gagneron J, Gosselin G, Mathé C. Synthesis and Conformational Analysis of C-4′-Modified (2-Oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexyl)pyrimidine Nucleosides. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200600550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Marquez VE, Hughes SH, Sei S, Agbaria R. The history of N-methanocarbathymidine: The investigation of a conformational concept leads to the discovery of a potent and selective nucleoside antiviral agent. Antiviral Res 2006; 71:268-75. [PMID: 16730077 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2006.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2006] [Revised: 04/11/2006] [Accepted: 04/13/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Conformationally locked (North)-methanocarbathymidine (N-MCT) and (South)-methanocarbathymidine (S-MCT) have been used to investigate the conformational preferences of kinases and polymerases. The herpes kinases show a distinct bias for S-MCT, while DNA polymerases almost exclusively incorporate the North 5'-triphosphate (N-MCT-TP). Only N-MCT demonstrated potent antiviral activity against herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1 and 2) and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). The activity of N-MCT depends on its metabolic transformation to N-MCT-TP by the herpes kinases (HSV-tk or KSHV-tk), which catalyze the mono and diphosphorylation steps; cellular kinases generate the triphosphate. N-MCT at a dose of 5.6 mg/kg was totally protective for mice inoculated intranasally with HSV-1. Tumor cells that are not responsive to antiviral therapy became sensitive to N-MCT if the cells expressed HSV-tk. N-MCT given twice daily (100 mg/kg) for 7 days completely inhibited the growth of MC38 tumors derived from cells that express HSV-tk in mice while exhibiting no effect on tumors derived from non-transduced cells. After i.p. administration, N-MCT was rapidly absorbed and distributed in all organs examined with slow penetration into brain and testes. N-MCT-TP was also a potent inhibitor of HIV replication in human osteosarcoma (HOS) cells expressing HSV-tk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor E Marquez
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, P.O. Box B, Building 539, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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