1
|
Borgstahl G, Azadmanesh J, Slobodnik K, Struble L, Cone E, Dasgupta M, Lutz W, Kumar S, Natarajan A, Coates L, Weiss K, Myles D, Kroll T. The role of Tyr34 in proton-coupled electron transfer of human manganese superoxide dismutase. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4494128. [PMID: 38946943 PMCID: PMC11213228 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4494128/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Human manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) plays a crucial role in controlling levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by converting superoxide (O 2 ●- ) to molecular oxygen (O 2 ) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) with proton-coupled electron transfers (PCETs). The reactivity of human MnSOD is determined by the state of a key catalytic residue, Tyr34, that becomes post-translationally inactivated by nitration in various diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. We previously reported that Tyr34 has an unusual pK a due to its proximity to the Mn metal and undergoes cyclic deprotonation and protonation events to promote the electron transfers of MnSOD. To shed light on the role of Tyr34 MnSOD catalysis, we performed neutron diffraction, X-ray spectroscopy, and quantum chemistry calculations of Tyr34Phe MnSOD in various enzymatic states. The data identifies the contributions of Tyr34 in MnSOD activity that support mitochondrial function and presents a thorough characterization of how a single tyrosine modulates PCET catalysis.
Collapse
|
2
|
Azadmanesh J, Slobodnik K, Struble LR, Cone EA, Dasgupta M, Lutz WE, Kumar S, Natarajan A, Coates L, Weiss KL, Myles DAA, Kroll T, Borgstahl GEO. The role of Tyr34 in proton-coupled electron transfer of human manganese superoxide dismutase. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.29.596464. [PMID: 38853997 PMCID: PMC11160768 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.29.596464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Human manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) plays a crucial role in controlling levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by converting superoxide (O 2 •- ) to molecular oxygen (O 2 ) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) with proton-coupled electron transfers (PCETs). The reactivity of human MnSOD is determined by the state of a key catalytic residue, Tyr34, that becomes post-translationally inactivated by nitration in various diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. We previously reported that Tyr34 has an unusual pK a due to its proximity to the Mn metal and undergoes cyclic deprotonation and protonation events to promote the electron transfers of MnSOD. To shed light on the role of Tyr34 MnSOD catalysis, we performed neutron diffraction, X-ray spectroscopy, and quantum chemistry calculations of Tyr34Phe MnSOD in various enzymatic states. The data identifies the contributions of Tyr34 in MnSOD activity that support mitochondrial function and presents a thorough characterization of how a single tyrosine modulates PCET catalysis.
Collapse
|
3
|
Lysikova T, Tomascova A, Kovalska M, Lehotsky J, Leskova Majdova K, Kaplan P, Tatarkova Z. Dynamics in Redox-Active Molecules Following Ischemic Preconditioning in the Brain. Neurol Int 2024; 16:533-550. [PMID: 38804479 PMCID: PMC11130914 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint16030040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
It is well known that the brain is quite vulnerable to oxidative stress, initiating neuronal loss after ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. A potent protective mechanism is ischemic preconditioning (IPC), where proteins are among the primary targets. This study explores redox-active proteins' role in preserving energy supply. Adult rats were divided into the control, IR, and IPC groups. Protein profiling was conducted to identify modified proteins and then verified through activity assays, immunoblot, and immunohistochemical analyses. IPC protected cortex mitochondria, as evidenced by a 2.26-fold increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Additionally, stable core subunits of respiratory chain complexes ensured sufficient energy production, supported by a 16.6% increase in ATP synthase activity. In hippocampal cells, IPC led to the downregulation of energy-related dehydrogenases, while a significantly higher level of peroxiredoxin 6 (PRX6) was observed. Notably, IPC significantly enhanced glutathione reductase activity to provide sufficient glutathione to maintain PRX6 function. Astrocytes may mobilize PRX6 to protect neurons during initial ischemic events, by decreased PRX6 positivity in astrocytes, accompanied by an increase in neurons following both IR injury and IPC. Maintained redox signaling via astrocyte-neuron communication triggers IPC's protective state. The partnership among PRX6, SOD, and glutathione reductase appears essential in safeguarding and stabilizing the hippocampus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terezia Lysikova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (T.L.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (K.L.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Anna Tomascova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (T.L.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (K.L.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Maria Kovalska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Jan Lehotsky
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (T.L.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (K.L.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Katarina Leskova Majdova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (T.L.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (K.L.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Peter Kaplan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (T.L.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (K.L.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Zuzana Tatarkova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (T.L.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (K.L.M.); (P.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
D’Apolito E, Sisalli MJ, Tufano M, Annunziato L, Scorziello A. Oxidative Metabolism in Brain Ischemia and Preconditioning: Two Sides of the Same Coin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:547. [PMID: 38790652 PMCID: PMC11117774 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain ischemia is one of the major causes of chronic disability and death worldwide. It is related to insufficient blood supply to cerebral tissue, which induces irreversible or reversible intracellular effects depending on the time and intensity of the ischemic event. Indeed, neuronal function may be restored in some conditions, such as transient ischemic attack (TIA), which may be responsible for protecting against a subsequent lethal ischemic insult. It is well known that the brain requires high levels of oxygen and glucose to ensure cellular metabolism and energy production and that damage caused by oxygen impairment is tightly related to the brain's low antioxidant capacity. Oxygen is a key player in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), during which reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis can occur as a physiological side-product of the process. Indeed, besides producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) under normal physiological conditions, mitochondria are the primary source of ROS within the cell. This is because, in 0.2-2% of cases, the escape of electrons from complex I (NADPH-dehydrogenase) and III of the electron transport chain occurring in mitochondria during ATP synthesis leads to the production of the superoxide radical anion (O2•-), which exerts detrimental intracellular effects owing to its high molecular instability. Along with ROS, reactive nitrosative species (RNS) also contribute to the production of free radicals. When the accumulation of ROS and RNS occurs, it can cause membrane lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. Here, we describe the intracellular pathways activated in brain tissue after a lethal/sub lethal ischemic event like stroke or ischemic tolerance, respectively, highlighting the important role played by oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in the onset of the two different ischemic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena D’Apolito
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (E.D.); (M.T.)
| | - Maria Josè Sisalli
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Michele Tufano
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (E.D.); (M.T.)
| | | | - Antonella Scorziello
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (E.D.); (M.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang Z, Yan M, Yu M, Zhang G, Fang W, Yu F. A Fluorescent Probe with Zwitterionic ESIPT Feature for Ratiometric Monitoring of Peroxynitrite In Vitro and In Vivo. Anal Chem 2024; 96:3600-3608. [PMID: 38372498 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Peroxynitrite (ONOO-), as a short-term reactive biological oxidant, could lead to a series of effects in various physiological and pathological processes due to its subtle concentration changes. In vivo monitoring of ONOO- and relevant physiological processes is urgently required. Herein, we describe a novel fluorescent probe termed HBT-Fl-BnB for the ratiometric detection of ONOO- in vitro and in vivo. The probe consists of an HBT core with Fl groups at the ortho and para positions responding to the zwitterionic excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer (zwitterionic ESIPT) process and a boronic acid pinacol ester with dual roles that block the zwitterionic ESIPT and recognize ONOO-. Thanks to the specificity as well as low cytotoxicity, success in imaging of endogenous and exogenous ONOO- in living cells by HBT-Fl-BnB was obtained. Additionally, the applicability of HBT-Fl-BnB to tracking the abnormal expression of ONOO- in vivo induced by inactivated Escherichia coli was also explored. This is the first report of a fluorescent probe for ONOO- sensing via a zwitterionic ESIPT mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkai Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037,China
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, Key Laboratory of Haikou Trauma, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
- Engineering Research Center for Hainan Bio-Smart Materials and Bio-Medical Devices, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Miao Yan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037,China
| | - Miaomiao Yu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037,China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037,China
| | - Weiwei Fang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037,China
| | - Fabiao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue, Key Laboratory of Haikou Trauma, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
- Engineering Research Center for Hainan Bio-Smart Materials and Bio-Medical Devices, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Hainan Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Impact of Reactive Species on Amino Acids-Biological Relevance in Proteins and Induced Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214049. [PMID: 36430532 PMCID: PMC9692786 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review examines the impact of reactive species RS (of oxygen ROS, nitrogen RNS and halogens RHS) on various amino acids, analyzed from a reactive point of view of how during these reactions, the molecules are hydroxylated, nitrated, or halogenated such that they can lose their capacity to form part of the proteins or peptides, and can lose their function. The reactions of the RS with several amino acids are described, and an attempt was made to review and explain the chemical mechanisms of the formation of the hydroxylated, nitrated, and halogenated derivatives. One aim of this work is to provide a theoretical analysis of the amino acids and derivatives compounds in the possible positions. Tyrosine, methionine, cysteine, and tryptophan can react with the harmful peroxynitrite or •OH and •NO2 radicals and glycine, serine, alanine, valine, arginine, lysine, tyrosine, histidine, cysteine, methionine, cystine, tryptophan, glutamine and asparagine can react with hypochlorous acid HOCl. These theoretical results may help to explain the loss of function of proteins subjected to these three types of reactive stresses. We hope that this work can help to assess the potential damage that reactive species can cause to free amino acids or the corresponding residues when they are part of peptides and proteins.
Collapse
|
7
|
Radi R. Interplay of carbon dioxide and peroxide metabolism in mammalian cells. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102358. [PMID: 35961463 PMCID: PMC9485056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The carbon dioxide/bicarbonate (CO2/HCO3-) molecular pair is ubiquitous in mammalian cells and tissues, mainly as a result of oxidative decarboxylation reactions that occur during intermediary metabolism. CO2 is in rapid equilibrium with HCO3-via the hydration reaction catalyzed by carbonic anhydrases. Far from being an inert compound in redox biology, CO2 enhances or redirects the reactivity of peroxides, modulating the velocity, extent, and type of one- and two-electron oxidation reactions mediated by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-/ONOOH). Herein, we review the biochemical mechanisms by which CO2 engages in peroxide-dependent reactions, free radical production, redox signaling, and oxidative damage. First, we cover the metabolic formation of CO2 and its connection to peroxide formation and decomposition. Next, the reaction mechanisms, kinetics, and processes by which the CO2/peroxide interplay modulates mammalian cell redox biology are scrutinized in-depth. Importantly, CO2 also regulates gene expression related to redox and nitric oxide metabolism and as such influences oxidative and inflammatory processes. Accumulated biochemical evidence in vitro, in cellula, and in vivo unambiguously show that the CO2 and peroxide metabolic pathways are intertwined and together participate in key redox events in mammalian cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Radi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Enzyme co-immobilization: Always the biocatalyst designers' choice…or not? Biotechnol Adv 2021; 51:107584. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
9
|
Karbasiafshar C, Sellke FW, Abid MR. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in the failing heart: past, present, and future. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1999-H2010. [PMID: 33861149 PMCID: PMC8163643 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00951.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally. Current treatment options include lifestyle changes, medication, and surgical intervention. However, many patients are unsuitable candidates for surgeries due to comorbidities, diffuse coronary artery disease, or advanced stages of heart failure. The search for new treatment options has recently transitioned from cell-based therapies to stem-cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). A number of challenges remain in the EV field, including the effect of comorbidities, characterization, and delivery. However, recent revolutionary developments and insight into the potential of personalizing EV contents by bioengineering methods to alter specific signaling pathways in the ischemic myocardium hold promise. Here, we discuss the past limitations of cell-based therapies and recent EV studies involving in vivo, in vitro, and omics, and future challenges and opportunities in EV-based treatments in CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Frank W Sellke
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - M Ruhul Abid
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Medeiros R, Sousa B, Rossi S, Afonso C, Bonino L, Pitt A, López E, Spickett C, Borthagaray G. Identification and relative quantification of 3-nitrotyrosine residues in fibrinogen nitrated in vitro and fibrinogen from ischemic stroke patient plasma using LC-MS/MS. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 165:334-347. [PMID: 33548450 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. This acute vascular event interferes with blood supply to the brain and induces a burst of free radicals such as nitric oxide and superoxide, producing peroxynitrite, a precursor of strong nitrating agents. Fibrinogen is one of the most abundant plasma proteins; it plays a role in the hemostatic system, mediating clot formation, which can be affected by nitrotyrosine formation. We hypothesized that nitration of fibrinogen by ONOOH and ONOOCO2- radical products could be one of the early events of the ischemic stroke, and protein-bound 3-nitrotyrosine could be a potential biomarker for diagnosis and/or prognosis of this condition. A targeted mass spectrometry approach was developed to analyze the nitration of fibrinogen and its association with ischemic stroke. First, a comprehensive mapping of 3-nitrotyrosine locations and their relative quantification was performed by LC-MS/MS, using in vitro nitrated fibrinogen samples. Twenty different 3-nitrotyrosine residues were identified on fibrinogen nitrated in vitro, varying with the peroxynitrite tofibrinogen molar ratio used. Nine tyrosine residues that were consistently modified at different treatment ratios were chosen to perform a targeted LC-MS/MS analysis in clinical samples. Enriched fibrinogen fractions from clinical samples from 24 ischemic stroke and 12 patients with non-inflammatory conditions were analysed with this method. Three of the nine tyrosine residues analysed (βY452, βY475 and γY380) showed a significant difference between the ischemic stroke and non-inflammatory disease groups. ROC curve analysis suggested an association of these residues either individually or in combination with ischemic stroke. Different tyrosine nitration patterns were also observed in fibrinogen modified in vitro and in vivo, suggesting differences in the nitration process in these situations. This is the first study showing a putative association between the nitration profile of specific tyrosine residues in human fibrinogen and ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romina Medeiros
- Facultad de Química, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Bebiana Sousa
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Silvina Rossi
- Facultad de Química, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Catarina Afonso
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Luis Bonino
- Facultad de Química, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrew Pitt
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK; Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester. M1 7DN, UK
| | - Elizabeth López
- Facultad de Química, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Corinne Spickett
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
3-Nitrotyrosine and related derivatives in proteins: precursors, radical intermediates and impact in function. Essays Biochem 2020; 64:111-133. [PMID: 32016371 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20190052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative post-translational modification of proteins by molecular oxygen (O2)- and nitric oxide (•NO)-derived reactive species is a usual process that occurs in mammalian tissues under both physiological and pathological conditions and can exert either regulatory or cytotoxic effects. Although the side chain of several amino acids is prone to experience oxidative modifications, tyrosine residues are one of the preferred targets of one-electron oxidants, given the ability of their phenolic side chain to undergo reversible one-electron oxidation to the relatively stable tyrosyl radical. Naturally occurring as reversible catalytic intermediates at the active site of a variety of enzymes, tyrosyl radicals can also lead to the formation of several stable oxidative products through radical-radical reactions, as is the case of 3-nitrotyrosine (NO2Tyr). The formation of NO2Tyr mainly occurs through the fast reaction between the tyrosyl radical and nitrogen dioxide (•NO2). One of the key endogenous nitrating agents is peroxynitrite (ONOO-), the product of the reaction of superoxide radical (O2•-) with •NO, but ONOO--independent mechanisms of nitration have been also disclosed. This chemical modification notably affects the physicochemical properties of tyrosine residues and because of this, it can have a remarkable impact on protein structure and function, both in vitro and in vivo. Although low amounts of NO2Tyr are detected under basal conditions, significantly increased levels are found at pathological states related with an overproduction of reactive species, such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation and aging. While NO2Tyr is a well-established stable oxidative stress biomarker and a good predictor of disease progression, its role as a pathogenic mediator has been laboriously defined for just a small number of nitrated proteins and awaits further studies.
Collapse
|
12
|
Di Meo S, Venditti P. Evolution of the Knowledge of Free Radicals and Other Oxidants. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:9829176. [PMID: 32411336 PMCID: PMC7201853 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9829176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Free radicals are chemical species (atoms, molecules, or ions) containing one or more unpaired electrons in their external orbitals and generally display a remarkable reactivity. The evidence of their existence was obtained only at the beginning of the 20th century. Chemists gradually ascertained the involvement of free radicals in organic reactions and, in the middle of the 20th century, their production in biological systems. For several decades, free radicals were thought to cause exclusively damaging effects . This idea was mainly supported by the finding that oxygen free radicals readily react with all biological macromolecules inducing their oxidative modification and loss of function. Moreover, evidence was obtained that when, in the living organism, free radicals are not neutralized by systems of biochemical defences, many pathological conditions develop. However, after some time, it became clear that the living systems not only had adapted to the coexistence with free radicals but also developed methods to turn these toxic substances to their advantage by using them in critical physiological processes. Therefore, free radicals play a dual role in living systems: they are toxic by-products of aerobic metabolism, causing oxidative damage and tissue dysfunction, and serve as molecular signals activating beneficial stress responses. This discovery also changed the way we consider antioxidants. Their use is usually regarded as helpful to counteract the damaging effects of free radicals but sometimes is harmful as it can block adaptive responses induced by low levels of radicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Di Meo
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Dipartimento di Biologia, Complesso, Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Paola Venditti
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Dipartimento di Biologia, Complesso, Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bandookwala M, Sengupta P. 3-Nitrotyrosine: a versatile oxidative stress biomarker for major neurodegenerative diseases. Int J Neurosci 2020; 130:1047-1062. [PMID: 31914343 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1713776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species are generated as a by-product of routine biochemical reactions. However, dysfunction of the antioxidant system or mutations in gene function may result in the elevated production of the pro-oxidant species. Modified endogenous molecules due to chemical interactions with increased levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the cellular microenvironment can be termed as biomarkers of oxidative stress. 3-Nitrotyrosine is one such promising biomarker of oxidative stress formed due to nitration of protein-bound and free tyrosine residues by reactive peroxynitrite molecules. Nitration of proteins at the subcellular level results in conformational alterations that damage the cytoskeleton and result in neurodegeneration. In this review, we summarized the role of oxidative/nitrosative processes as a contributing factor for progressive neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Lou Gehrig's disease and Prion disease. The selective tyrosine protein nitration of the major marker proteins in related pathologies has been discussed. The alteration in 3-Nitrotyrosine profile occurs well before any symptoms appear and can be considered as a potential target for early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, the reduction in 3-Nitrotyrosine levels in response to treatment with neuroprotective has been highlighted which is indicative of the importance of this particular marker in oxidative stress-related brain and central nervous system pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bandookwala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Pinaki Sengupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lai CK, Tang WK, Siu CK, Chu IK. Evidence for the Prerequisite Formation of Phenoxyl Radicals in Radical-Mediated Peptide Tyrosine Nitration In Vacuo. Chemistry 2020; 26:331-335. [PMID: 31657861 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The elementary mechanism of radical-mediated peptide tyrosine nitration, which is a hallmark of post-translational modification of proteins under nitrative stress in vivo, has been elucidated in detail by using an integrated approach that combines the gas-phase synthesis of prototypical molecular tyrosine-containing peptide radical cations, ion-molecule reactions, and isotopic labeling experiments with DFT calculations. This reaction first involves the radical recombination of . NO2 towards the prerequisite phenoxyl radical tautomer of a tyrosine residue, followed by proton rearrangements, finally yielding the stable and regioselective 3-nitrotyrosyl residue product. In contrast, nitration with the π-phenolic radical cation tautomer is inefficient. This first direct experimental evidence for the elementary steps of the radical-mediated tyrosine nitration mechanism in the gas phase provides a fundamental insight into the regioselectivity of biological tyrosine ortho-nitration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheuk Kuen Lai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, S.A.R. China
| | - Wai Kit Tang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, S.A.R. China
| | - Chi-Kit Siu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, S.A.R. China
| | - Ivan K Chu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, S.A.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Roy P, Panda A, Hati S, Dasgupta S. pH-Dependent Nitrotyrosine Formation in Ribonuclease A is Enhanced in the Presence of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG). Chem Asian J 2019; 14:4780-4792. [PMID: 31591811 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Protein nitration can occur as a result of peroxynitrite-mediated oxidative stress. Excess production of peroxynitrite (PN) within the cellular medium can cause oxidative damage to biomolecules. The in vitro nitration of Ribonuclease A (RNase A) results in nitrotyrosine (NT) formation with a strong dependence on the pH of the medium. In order to mimic the cellular environment in this study, PN-mediated RNase A nitration has been carried out in a crowded medium. The degree of nitration is higher at pH 7.4 (physiological pH) compared to pH 6.0 (tumor cell pH). The extent of nitration increases significantly when PN is added to RNase A in the presence of crowding agents PEG 400 and PEG 6000. PEG has been found to stabilize PN over a prolonged period, thereby increasing the degree of nitration. NT formation in RNase A also results in a significant loss in enzymatic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Atashi Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Sumon Hati
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Swagata Dasgupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Urmey AR, Zondlo NJ. Design of a Protein Motif Responsive to Tyrosine Nitration and an Encoded Turn-Off Sensor of Tyrosine Nitration. Biochemistry 2019; 58:2822-2833. [PMID: 31140788 PMCID: PMC6688601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine nitration is a protein post-translational modification that is predominantly non-enzymatic and is observed to be increased under conditions of nitrosative stress and in numerous disease states. A small protein motif (14-18 amino acids) responsive to tyrosine nitration has been developed. In this design, nitrotyrosine replaced the conserved Glu12 of an EF-hand metal-binding motif. Thus, the non-nitrated peptide bound terbium weakly. In contrast, tyrosine nitration resulted in a 45-fold increase in terbium affinity. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy indicated direct binding of nitrotyrosine to the metal and EF-hand-like metal contacts in this designed peptide. Nitrotyrosine is an efficient quencher of fluorescence. To develop a sensor of tyrosine nitration, the initial design was modified to incorporate Glu residues at EF-hand positions 9 and 16 as additional metal-binding residues, to increase the terbium affinity of the peptide with unmodified tyrosine. This peptide with a tyrosine at residue 12 bound terbium and effectively sensitized terbium luminescence. Tyrosine nitration resulted in a 180-fold increase in terbium affinity ( Kd = 1.6 μM) and quenching of terbium luminescence. This sequence was incorporated as an encoded protein tag and applied as a turn-off fluorescent protein sensor of tyrosine nitration. The sensor was responsive to nitration by peroxynitrite, with fluorescence quenched upon nitration. The greater terbium affinity upon tyrosine nitration resulted in a large dynamic range and sensitivity to substoichiometric nitration. An improved approach for the synthesis of peptides containing nitrotyrosine was also developed, via the in situ silyl protection of nitrotyrosine. This work represents the first designed, encodable protein motif that is responsive to tyrosine nitration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Urmey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Neal J. Zondlo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bandookwala M, Thakkar D, Sengupta P. Advancements in the Analytical Quantification of Nitroxidative Stress Biomarker 3-Nitrotyrosine in Biological Matrices. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2019; 50:265-289. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2019.1623010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bandookwala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Disha Thakkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Pinaki Sengupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Maiti BK, Maia LB, Moura I, Moura JJG. Ni II -ATCUN-Catalyzed Tyrosine Nitration in the Presence of Nitrite and Sulfite. Chemistry 2019; 25:4309-4314. [PMID: 30715753 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The nitration of tyrosine residues in proteins represents a specific footprint of the formation of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in vivo. Here, the fusion product of orange protein (ATCUN-ORP) was used as an in vitro model system containing an amino terminal Cu(II)- and Ni(II)-binding motif (ATCUN) tag at the N-terminus and a native tyrosine residue in the metal-cofactor-binding region for the formation of 3-NO2 -Tyr (3-NT). It is shown that NiII -ATCUN unusually performs nitration of tyrosine at physiological pH in the presence of the NO2 - /SO3 2- /O2 system, which is revealed by a characteristic absorbance band at 430 nm in basic medium and 350 nm in acidic medium (fingerprint of 3-NT). Kinetics studies showed that the formation of 3-NT depends on sulfite concentration over nitrite concentration suggesting key intermediate products, identified as oxysulfur radicals, which are detected by spin-trap EPR study by using 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO). This study describes a new route in the formation of 3-NT, which is proposed to be linked with the sulfur metabolism pathway associated with the progression of disease occurrence in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biplab K Maiti
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (FCT NOVA), Campus de Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Luisa B Maia
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (FCT NOVA), Campus de Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Isabel Moura
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (FCT NOVA), Campus de Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - José J G Moura
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (FCT NOVA), Campus de Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abdelmegeed MA, Ha SK, Choi Y, Akbar M, Song BJ. Role of CYP2E1 in Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Hepatic Injury by Alcohol and Non-Alcoholic Substances. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2019; 10:207-225. [PMID: 26278393 DOI: 10.2174/1874467208666150817111114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are two pathological conditions that are spreading worldwide. Both conditions are remarkably similar with regard to the pathophysiological mechanism and progression despite different causes. Oxidative stressinduced mitochondrial dysfunction through post-translational protein modifications and/or mitochondrial DNA damage has been a major risk factor in both AFLD and NAFLD development and progression. Cytochrome P450-2E1 (CYP2E1), a known important inducer of oxidative radicals in the cells, has been reported to remarkably increase in both AFLD and NAFLD. Interestingly, CYP2E1 isoforms expressed in both endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, likely lead to the deleterious consequences in response to alcohol or in conditions of NAFLD after exposure to high fat diet (HFD) and in obesity and diabetes. Whether CYP2E1 in both ER and mitochondria work simultaneously or sequentially in various conditions and whether mitochondrial CYP2E1 may exert more pronounced effects on mitochondrial dysfunction in AFLD and NAFLD are unclear. The aims of this review are to briefly describe the role of CYP2E1 and resultant oxidative stress in promoting mitochondrial dysfunction and the development or progression of AFLD and NAFLD, to shed a light on the function of the mitochondrial CYP2E1 as compared with the ER-associated CYP2E1. We finally discuss translational research opportunities related to this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Abdelmegeed
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892. United States
| | - Seung-Kwon Ha
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane, Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD. United States
| | - Youngshim Choi
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane, Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD. United States
| | - Mohammed Akbar
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane, Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD. United States
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane, Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD. United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tejero J, Shiva S, Gladwin MT. Sources of Vascular Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Regulation. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:311-379. [PMID: 30379623 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00036.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a small free radical with critical signaling roles in physiology and pathophysiology. The generation of sufficient NO levels to regulate the resistance of the blood vessels and hence the maintenance of adequate blood flow is critical to the healthy performance of the vasculature. A novel paradigm indicates that classical NO synthesis by dedicated NO synthases is supplemented by nitrite reduction pathways under hypoxia. At the same time, reactive oxygen species (ROS), which include superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, are produced in the vascular system for signaling purposes, as effectors of the immune response, or as byproducts of cellular metabolism. NO and ROS can be generated by distinct enzymes or by the same enzyme through alternate reduction and oxidation processes. The latter oxidoreductase systems include NO synthases, molybdopterin enzymes, and hemoglobins, which can form superoxide by reduction of molecular oxygen or NO by reduction of inorganic nitrite. Enzymatic uncoupling, changes in oxygen tension, and the concentration of coenzymes and reductants can modulate the NO/ROS production from these oxidoreductases and determine the redox balance in health and disease. The dysregulation of the mechanisms involved in the generation of NO and ROS is an important cause of cardiovascular disease and target for therapy. In this review we will present the biology of NO and ROS in the cardiovascular system, with special emphasis on their routes of formation and regulation, as well as the therapeutic challenges and opportunities for the management of NO and ROS in cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Tejero
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; and Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; and Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; and Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang MM, Rempel DL, Gross ML. A Fast Photochemical Oxidation of Proteins (FPOP) platform for free-radical reactions: the carbonate radical anion with peptides and proteins. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 131:126-132. [PMID: 30502457 PMCID: PMC6331213 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Fast Photochemical Oxidation of Protein (FPOP), based on a pulsed KrF laser (248 nm) for free-radical generation, is a biophysical method that utilizes hydroxyl radicals to footprint proteins in solution. FPOP has been recognized for structural proteomics investigations, including epitope mapping, protein-aggregation characterization, protein-folding monitoring, and binding-affinity determination. The distinct merits of the platform are: i) the use of a scavenger to control radical lifetime and allow fast ("snapshot") footprinting of solvent-accessible residues in a protein; ii) the employment of a flow system to enable single-shot irradiation of small plugs of the targeted sample; iii) the use of methionine and catalase after radical oxidation chemistry to prevent post-oxidation with residual oxidizing species; and iv) the utilization of mature mass spectrometry-based proteomic methods to afford detailed analysis. In addition to •OH, other reactive reagents (e.g., carbenes, iodide, sulfate radical anion, and trifluoromethyl radical) can be implemented on this platform to increase the versatility and scope. In this study, we further elaborate the use of FPOP platform to generate secondary radicals and establish a workflow to answer fundamental questions regarding the intrinsic selectivity and reactivity of radicals that are important in biology. Carbonate radical anion is the example we chose owing to its oxidative character and important putative pathogenic roles in inflammation. This systematic study with model proteins/peptides gives consistent results with a previous study that evaluated reactivity with free amino acids and shows that methionine and tryptophan are the most reactive residues with CO3-•. Other aromatic amino acids (i.e., tyrosine, histidine and phenylalanine) exhibit moderate reactivity, whereas, aliphatic amino acids are inert, unlike with •OH. The outcome demonstrates this approach to be appropriate for studying the fast reactions of radicals with proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengru Mira Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Don L Rempel
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Michael L Gross
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Schatzman SS, Culotta VC. Chemical Warfare at the Microorganismal Level: A Closer Look at the Superoxide Dismutase Enzymes of Pathogens. ACS Infect Dis 2018. [PMID: 29517910 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Superoxide anion radical is generated as a natural byproduct of aerobic metabolism but is also produced as part of the oxidative burst of the innate immune response design to kill pathogens. In living systems, superoxide is largely managed through superoxide dismutases (SODs), families of metalloenzymes that use Fe, Mn, Ni, or Cu cofactors to catalyze the disproportionation of superoxide to oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. Given the bursts of superoxide faced by microbial pathogens, it comes as no surprise that SOD enzymes play important roles in microbial survival and virulence. Interestingly, microbial SOD enzymes not only detoxify host superoxide but also may participate in signaling pathways that involve reactive oxygen species derived from the microbe itself, particularly in the case of eukaryotic pathogens. In this Review, we will discuss the chemistry of superoxide radicals and the role of diverse SOD metalloenzymes in bacterial, fungal, and protozoan pathogens. We will highlight the unique features of microbial SOD enzymes that have evolved to accommodate the harsh lifestyle at the host-pathogen interface. Lastly, we will discuss key non-SOD superoxide scavengers that specific pathogens employ for defense against host superoxide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina S. Schatzman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Pubic Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Valeria C. Culotta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Pubic Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
KOHUTIAR M, ECKHARDT A, MIKŠÍK I, ŠANTOROVÁ P, WILHELM J. Proteomic Analysis of Peroxynitrite-Induced Protein Nitration in Isolated Beef Heart Mitochondria. Physiol Res 2018. [DOI: 10.33549/10.33549/physiolres.933608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are exposed to reactive nitrogen species under physiological conditions and even more under several pathologic states. In order to reveal the mechanism of these processes we studied the effects of peroxynitrite on isolated beef heart mitochondria in vitro. Peroxynitrite has the potential to nitrate protein tyrosine moieties, break the peptide bond, and eventually release the membrane proteins into the solution. All these effects were found in our experiments. Mitochondrial proteins were resolved by 2D electrophoresis and the protein nitration was detected by immunochemical methods and by nano LC-MS/MS. Mass spectrometry confirmed nitration of ATP synthase subunit beta, pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta, citrate synthase and acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase. Immunoblot detection using chemiluminiscence showed possible nitration of other proteins such as cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, elongation factor Tu, NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, heat shock protein beta-1 and NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8. ATP synthase beta subunit was nitrated both in membrane and in fraction prepared by osmotic lysis. The high sensitivity of proteins to nitration by peroxynitrite is of potential biological importance, as these enzymes are involved in various pathways associated with energy production in the heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. KOHUTIAR
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ferrer-Sueta G, Campolo N, Trujillo M, Bartesaghi S, Carballal S, Romero N, Alvarez B, Radi R. Biochemistry of Peroxynitrite and Protein Tyrosine Nitration. Chem Rev 2018; 118:1338-1408. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Ferrer-Sueta
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Nicolás Campolo
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Madia Trujillo
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Silvina Bartesaghi
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sebastián Carballal
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Natalia Romero
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Beatriz Alvarez
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kohutiar M, Eckhardt A, Mikšík I, Šantorová P, Wilhelm J. Proteomic analysis of peroxynitrite-induced protein nitration in isolated beef heart mitochondria. Physiol Res 2018; 67:239-250. [PMID: 29303599 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are exposed to reactive nitrogen species under physiological conditions and even more under several pathologic states. In order to reveal the mechanism of these processes we studied the effects of peroxynitrite on isolated beef heart mitochondria in vitro. Peroxynitrite has the potential to nitrate protein tyrosine moieties, break the peptide bond, and eventually release the membrane proteins into the solution. All these effects were found in our experiments. Mitochondrial proteins were resolved by 2D electrophoresis and the protein nitration was detected by immunochemical methods and by nano LC-MS/MS. Mass spectrometry confirmed nitration of ATP synthase subunit beta, pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta, citrate synthase and acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase. Immunoblot detection using chemiluminiscence showed possible nitration of other proteins such as cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, elongation factor Tu, NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, heat shock protein beta-1 and NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8. ATP synthase beta subunit was nitrated both in membrane and in fraction prepared by osmotic lysis. The high sensitivity of proteins to nitration by peroxynitrite is of potential biological importance, as these enzymes are involved in various pathways associated with energy production in the heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Kohutiar
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Demicheli V, Moreno DM, Radi R. Human Mn-superoxide dismutase inactivation by peroxynitrite: a paradigm of metal-catalyzed tyrosine nitration in vitro and in vivo. Metallomics 2018; 10:679-695. [DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00348j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Nitration of human MnSOD at active site Tyr34 represents a biologically-relevant oxidative post-translational modification that causes enzyme inactivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Demicheli
- Departmento de Bioquimica
- Facultad de Medicina
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research
- Universidad de la República
- Montevideo
| | - Diego M. Moreno
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR)
- Área Química General e Inorgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario
- Argentina
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departmento de Bioquimica
- Facultad de Medicina
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research
- Universidad de la República
- Montevideo
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sun C, Du W, Wang P, Wu Y, Wang B, Wang J, Xie W. A novel mitochondria-targeted two-photon fluorescent probe for dynamic and reversible detection of the redox cycles between peroxynitrite and glutathione. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 494:518-525. [PMID: 29079191 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.10.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Redox homeostasis is important for maintenance of normal physiological functions within cells. Redox state of cells is primarily a consequence of precise balance between levels of reducing equivalents and reactive oxygen species. Redox homeostasis between peroxynitrite (ONOO-) and glutathione (GSH) is closely associated with physiological and pathological processes, such as prolonged relaxation in vascular tissues and smooth muscle preparations, attenuation of hepatic necrosis, and activation of matrix metalloproteinase-2. We report a two-photon fluorescent probe (TP-Se) based on water-soluble carbazole-based compound, which integrates with organic selenium, to monitor changes in ONOO-/GSH levels in cells. This probe can reversibly respond to ONOO- and GSH and exhibits high selectivity, sensitivity, and mitochondrial targeting. The probe was successfully applied to visualize changes in redox cycles during ONOO- outbreak and antioxidant GSH repair in cells. The probe will lead to significant development on redox events involved in cellular redox regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunlong Sun
- School of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Instrumental Analysis of Binzhou City, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou 256603, China.
| | - Wen Du
- School of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Instrumental Analysis of Binzhou City, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou 256603, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Research Center of Clinical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Baoqin Wang
- School of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Instrumental Analysis of Binzhou City, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou 256603, China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Instrumental Analysis of Binzhou City, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou 256603, China
| | - Wenjun Xie
- School of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Instrumental Analysis of Binzhou City, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou 256603, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhang S, Nava MJ, Chow GK, Lopez N, Wu G, Britt DR, Nocera DG, Cummins CC. On the incompatibility of lithium-O 2 battery technology with CO 2. Chem Sci 2017; 8:6117-6122. [PMID: 28989641 PMCID: PMC5625616 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc01230f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
When solubilized in a hexacarboxamide cryptand anion receptor, the peroxide dianion reacts rapidly with CO2 in polar aprotic organic media to produce hydroperoxycarbonate (HOOCO2-) and peroxydicarbonate (-O2COOCO2-). Peroxydicarbonate is subject to thermal fragmentation into two equivalents of the highly reactive carbonate radical anion, which promotes hydrogen atom abstraction reactions responsible for the oxidative degradation of organic solvents. The activation and conversion of the peroxide dianion by CO2 is general. Exposure of solid lithium peroxide (Li2O2) to CO2 in polar aprotic organic media results in aggressive oxidation. These findings indicate that CO2 must not be introduced in conditions relevant to typical lithium-O2 cell configurations, as production of HOOCO2- and -O2COOCO2- during lithium-O2 cell cycling will lead to cell degradation via oxidation of organic electrolytes and other vulnerable cell components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , MA 02139-4307 , USA . ; Tel: +1 617 253 5332
| | - Matthew J Nava
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , MA 02139-4307 , USA . ; Tel: +1 617 253 5332
| | - Gary K Chow
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Davis, One Shields Avenue , Davis , CA 95616 , USA
| | - Nazario Lopez
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , MA 02139-4307 , USA . ; Tel: +1 617 253 5332
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane , Kingston , Ontario K7L3N6 , Canada
| | - David R Britt
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Davis, One Shields Avenue , Davis , CA 95616 , USA
| | - Daniel G Nocera
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Harvard University , 12 Oxford Street , Cambridge , MA 02138 , USA
| | - Christopher C Cummins
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , MA 02139-4307 , USA . ; Tel: +1 617 253 5332
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Nitrogen dioxide reactivity of a Nickel(II) complex of tetraazacyclotetradecane ligand. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
30
|
Batthyány C, Bartesaghi S, Mastrogiovanni M, Lima A, Demicheli V, Radi R. Tyrosine-Nitrated Proteins: Proteomic and Bioanalytical Aspects. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:313-328. [PMID: 27324931 PMCID: PMC5326983 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE "Nitroproteomic" is under active development, as 3-nitrotyrosine in proteins constitutes a footprint left by the reactions of nitric oxide-derived oxidants that are usually associated to oxidative stress conditions. Moreover, protein tyrosine nitration can cause structural and functional changes, which may be of pathophysiological relevance for human disease conditions. Biological protein tyrosine nitration is a free radical process involving the intermediacy of tyrosyl radicals; in spite of being a nonenzymatic process, nitration is selectively directed toward a limited subset of tyrosine residues. Precise identification and quantitation of 3-nitrotyrosine in proteins has represented a "tour de force" for researchers. Recent Advances: A small number of proteins are preferential targets of nitration (usually less than 100 proteins per proteome), contrasting with the large number of proteins modified by other post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and, notably, S-nitrosation. Proteomic approaches have revealed key features of tyrosine nitration both in vivo and in vitro, including selectivity, site specificity, and effects in protein structure and function. CRITICAL ISSUES Identification of 3-nitrotyrosine-containing proteins and mapping nitrated residues is challenging, due to low abundance of this oxidative modification in biological samples and its unfriendly behavior in mass spectrometry (MS)-based technologies, that is, MALDI, electrospray ionization, and collision-induced dissociation. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The use of (i) classical two-dimensional electrophoresis with immunochemical detection of nitrated proteins followed by protein ID by regular MS/MS in combination with (ii) immuno-enrichment of tyrosine-nitrated peptides and (iii) identification of nitrated peptides by a MIDAS™ experiment is arising as a potent methodology to unambiguously map and quantitate tyrosine-nitrated proteins in vivo. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 313-328.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Batthyány
- 1 Unidad de Bioquímica y Proteómica Analíticas, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo , Montevideo, Uruguay .,2 Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República , Montevideo, Uruguay .,3 Facultad de Medicina, Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research , Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Silvina Bartesaghi
- 3 Facultad de Medicina, Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research , Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay .,4 Departamento de Educación Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República , Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mauricio Mastrogiovanni
- 2 Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República , Montevideo, Uruguay .,3 Facultad de Medicina, Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research , Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Analía Lima
- 1 Unidad de Bioquímica y Proteómica Analíticas, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo , Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Verónica Demicheli
- 2 Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República , Montevideo, Uruguay .,3 Facultad de Medicina, Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research , Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- 2 Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República , Montevideo, Uruguay .,3 Facultad de Medicina, Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research , Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Cao R, Elrod LT, Lehane RL, Kim E, Karlin KD. A Peroxynitrite Dicopper Complex: Formation via Cu-NO and Cu-O 2 Intermediates and Reactivity via O-O Cleavage Chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:16148-16158. [PMID: 27960334 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A mixed-valent Cu(I)Cu(II) complex, [CuI,II2(UN-O-)]2+ (1), reacts with NO(g) at -80 °C to form [CuI,II2(UN-O-)(NO)]2+ (2), best described as a mixed-valent nitrosyl complex that has a ν(N-O) band at 1670 cm-1 in its infrared (IR) spectrum. Complex 2 undertakes a one-electron oxidation via the addition of O2(g) to generate a new intermediate, best described as a superoxide and nitrosyl adduct, [CuII2(UN-O-)(NO)(O2-)]2+ (3), based on its distinctively blue-shifted ν(N-O) band at 1853 cm-1. Over the course of 20 min at -80 °C, 3 is converted to the peroxynitrite (PN) complex [CuII2(UN-O-)(-OON═O)]2+ (4), which was characterized by low-temperature electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and IR spectroscopy; ν(N-O) absorptions at 1520 and 1640 cm-1 have been assigned as cis- and trans-conformers of the PN ligand in 4. Alternatively, the superoxide complex [CuII2(UN-O-)(O2•-)]2+ (5) is found to react with NO(g) to generate the same intermediate superoxide and nitrosyl adduct 3 (based on IR criteria), which likewise converts to the same PN complex 4. The O-O bond in 4 undergoes heterolysis in dichloromethane solvent and is postulated to produce nitronium ion, leading to ortho-nitration of 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (DTBP). However, in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran as solvent, the O-O bond undergoes homolysis to generate •NO2 (detected spectrophotometrically) and a putative higher-valent complex, [CuII,III2(UN-O-)(O2-)]2+, that abstracts a H-atom from DTBP to give [CuII2(UN-O-)(OH)]2+ and a phenoxyl radical. The latter may dimerize to form the bis-phenol observed experimentally or couple with the •NO2 present, leading to o-phenol nitration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Lee Taylor Elrod
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Ryan L Lehane
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Eunsuk Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Kenneth D Karlin
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ohba H, Kanazawa M, Kakiuchi T, Tsukada H. Effects of acetaminophen on mitochondrial complex I activity in the rat liver and kidney: a PET study with 18F-BCPP-BF. EJNMMI Res 2016; 6:82. [PMID: 27873239 PMCID: PMC5118230 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-016-0241-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the present study, 2-tert-butyl-4-chloro-5-[6-(4-18F-fluorobutoxy)-pyridin-3-ylmethoxy]-2H-pyridazin-3-one (18F-BCPP-BF), a PET probe for mitochondrial complex I (MC-I), was used to validate whether MC-I is a useful biomarker for detecting acetaminophen-induced dysfunctions in the liver and kidney. The kinetic and distribution of 18F-BCPP-BF were assessed in rats using high-resolution animal PET in vivo. The binding specificity of 18F-BCPP-BF to MC-I in the liver and kidney was confirmed by the pre-administration of rotenone, a specific MC-I inhibitor. The effects of acetaminophen on MC-I activity were assessed 2 and 24 h after the administration of vehicle or acetaminophen at a dose of 100 or 300 mg/kg. Biochemical parameters in plasma and urine were assessed 2, 6, and 24 h after the administration of vehicle or acetaminophen. RESULTS The uptake of 18F-BCPP-BF by the liver and kidney was significantly inhibited by the pre-administration of rotenone. Two and more hours after the administration of acetaminophen, the uptake of 18F-BCPP-BF was dose-dependently reduced in the liver, even at 100 mg/kg, and in the kidney at 300 mg/kg, whereas biological parameters started to be affected 6 h or later at doses of 300 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that 18F-BCPP-BF has potential as a PET probe for the quantitative imaging of hepatic and renal dysfunction as impaired MC-I activity in the early phase of the treatment for an overdose of acetaminophen in the living body with PET.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Ohba
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., 5000 Hirakuchi, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 434-8601, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Kanazawa
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., 5000 Hirakuchi, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 434-8601, Japan
| | - Takeharu Kakiuchi
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., 5000 Hirakuchi, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 434-8601, Japan
| | - Hideo Tsukada
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., 5000 Hirakuchi, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 434-8601, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Demicheli V, Moreno DM, Jara GE, Lima A, Carballal S, Ríos N, Batthyany C, Ferrer-Sueta G, Quijano C, Estrı́n DA, Martí MA, Radi R. Mechanism of the Reaction of Human Manganese Superoxide Dismutase with Peroxynitrite: Nitration of Critical Tyrosine 34. Biochemistry 2016; 55:3403-17. [PMID: 27227512 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Human Mn-containing superoxide dismutase (hMnSOD) is a mitochondrial enzyme that metabolizes superoxide radical (O2(•-)). O2(•-) reacts at diffusional rates with nitric oxide to yield a potent nitrating species, peroxynitrite anion (ONOO(-)). MnSOD is nitrated and inactivated in vivo, with active site Tyr34 as the key oxidatively modified residue. We previously reported a k of ∼1.0 × 10(5) M(-1) s(-1) for the reaction of hMnSOD with ONOO(-) by direct stopped-flow spectroscopy and the critical role of Mn in the nitration process. In this study, we further established the mechanism of the reaction of hMnSOD with ONOO(-), including the necessary re-examination of the second-order rate constant by an independent method and the delineation of the microscopic steps that lead to the regio-specific nitration of Tyr34. The redetermination of k was performed by competition kinetics utilizing coumarin boronic acid, which reacts with ONOO(-) at a rate of ∼1 × 10(6) M(-1) s(-1) to yield the fluorescence product, 7-hydroxycoumarin. Time-resolved fluorescence studies in the presence of increasing concentrations of hMnSOD provided a k of ∼1.0 × 10(5) M(-1) s(-1), fully consistent with the direct method. Proteomic analysis indicated that ONOO(-), but not other nitrating agents, mediates the selective modification of active site Tyr34. Hybrid quantum-classical (quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics) simulations supported a series of steps that involve the initial reaction of ONOO(-) with Mn(III) to yield Mn(IV) and intermediates that ultimately culminate in 3-nitroTyr34. The data reported herein provide a kinetic and mechanistic basis for rationalizing how MnSOD constitutes an intramitochondrial target for ONOO(-) and the microscopic events, with atomic level resolution, that lead to selective and efficient nitration of critical Tyr34.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Demicheli
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República , Avda. General Flores 2125, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República , Avda. General Flores 2125, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Diego M Moreno
- Instituto de Química de Rosario (IQUIR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario , Suipacha 531, S2002LRK Rosario, Argentina
| | - Gabriel E Jara
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química-Física (INQUIMAE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria , Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Analía Lima
- Unidad Bioquímica y Proteómica Analíticas, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo , Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sebastián Carballal
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República , Avda. General Flores 2125, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República , Avda. General Flores 2125, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Natalia Ríos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República , Avda. General Flores 2125, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República , Avda. General Flores 2125, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República , Avda. General Flores 2124, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carlos Batthyany
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República , Avda. General Flores 2125, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República , Avda. General Flores 2125, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Unidad Bioquímica y Proteómica Analíticas, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo , Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gerardo Ferrer-Sueta
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República , Avda. General Flores 2125, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la Repúbica , Igua 4225, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Celia Quijano
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República , Avda. General Flores 2125, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República , Avda. General Flores 2125, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Darío A Estrı́n
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química-Física (INQUIMAE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria , Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo A Martí
- Departamento de Química Biológica e IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria , Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República , Avda. General Flores 2125, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República , Avda. General Flores 2125, Montevideo, Uruguay
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Teixeira D, Fernandes R, Prudêncio C, Vieira M. 3-Nitrotyrosine quantification methods: Current concepts and future challenges. Biochimie 2016; 125:1-11. [PMID: 26921794 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measurement of 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) in biological samples can be used as a biomarker of nitrosative stress, since it is very stable and suitable for analysis. Increased 3-NT levels in biological samples have been associated with several physiological and pathological conditions. Different methods have been described for the detection and quantification of this molecule, such as (i) immunological methods; (ii) liquid chromatography, namely high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based methods that use ultraviolet-visible (UV/VIS) absorption, electrochemical (ECD) and diode array (DAD) detection, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS); (iii) gas chromatography, such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). METHODS A literature review on nitrosative stress, protein nitration, as well as 3-NT quantification methods was carried out. RESULTS This review covers the different methods for analysis of 3-NT that have been developed during the last years as well as the latest advances in this field. Overall, all methods present positive and negative aspects, although it is clear that chromatography-based methods present good sensitivity and specificity. Regarding this, GC-based methods exhibit the highest sensibility in the quantification of 3-NT, although it requires a prior time consuming derivatization step. Conversely, HPLC does not require such derivatization step, despite being not as accurate as GC. CONCLUSION It becomes clear that all the methods described during this literature review, although accurate for 3-NT quantification, need to be improved regarding both sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, optimization of the protocols that have been described is clearly needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dulce Teixeira
- Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas, Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Portugal
| | - Rúben Fernandes
- Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas, Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Portugal; I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Prudêncio
- Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas, Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Portugal; I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Mónica Vieira
- Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas, Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Portugal; I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Principles of using Cold Atmospheric Plasma Stimulated Media for Cancer Treatment. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18339. [PMID: 26677750 PMCID: PMC4683589 DOI: 10.1038/srep18339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, the significant anti-cancer capacity of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) on dozens of cancer cell lines has been demonstrated in vitro and in mice models. Conventionally, CAP was directly applied to irradiate cancer cells or tumor tissue. Over past three years, the CAP irradiated media was also found to kill cancer cells as effectively as the direct CAP treatment. As a novel strategy, using the CAP stimulated (CAPs) media has become a promising anti-cancer tool. In this study, we demonstrated several principles to optimize the anti-cancer capacity of the CAPs media on glioblastoma cells and breast cancer cells. Specifically, using larger wells on a multi-well plate, smaller gaps between the plasma source and the media, and smaller media volume enabled us to obtain a stronger anti-cancer CAPs media composition without increasing the treatment time. Furthermore, cysteine was the main target of effective reactive species in the CAPs media. Glioblastoma cells were more resistant to the CAPs media than breast cancer cells. Glioblastoma cells consumed the effective reactive species faster than breast cancer cells did. In contrast to nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide was more likely to be the effective reactive species.
Collapse
|
36
|
Keeney JTR, Miriyala S, Noel T, Moscow JA, St Clair DK, Butterfield DA. Superoxide induces protein oxidation in plasma and TNF-α elevation in macrophage culture: Insights into mechanisms of neurotoxicity following doxorubicin chemotherapy. Cancer Lett 2015. [PMID: 26225838 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI) is a quality of life-altering consequence of chemotherapy experienced by a large percentage of cancer survivors. Approximately half of FDA-approved anti-cancer drugs are known to produce ROS. Doxorubicin (Dox), a prototypical ROS-generating chemotherapeutic agent, generates superoxide (O2(-)•) via redox cycling. Our group previously demonstrated that Dox, which does not cross the BBB, induced oxidative damage to plasma proteins leading to TNF-α elevation in the periphery and, subsequently, in brain following cancer chemotherapy. We hypothesize that such processes play a central role in CICI. The current study tested the notion that O2(-)• is involved and likely responsible for Dox-induced plasma protein oxidation and TNF-α release. Addition of O2(-)• as the potassium salt (KO2) to plasma resulted in significantly increased oxidative damage to proteins, indexed by protein carbonyl (PC) and protein-bound HNE levels. We then adapted this protocol for use in cell culture. Incubation of J774A.1 macrophage culture using this KO2-18crown6 protocol with 1 and 10 µM KO2 resulted in dramatically increased levels of TNF-α produced. These findings, together with our prior results, provide strong evidence that O2(-)• and its resulting reactive species are critically involved in Dox-induced plasma protein oxidation and TNF-α release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeriel T R Keeney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA
| | - Sumitra Miriyala
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Teresa Noel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Moscow
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Daret K St Clair
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0305, USA; Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-9983, USA
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA; Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Holzmeister C, Gaupels F, Geerlof A, Sarioglu H, Sattler M, Durner J, Lindermayr C. Differential inhibition of Arabidopsis superoxide dismutases by peroxynitrite-mediated tyrosine nitration. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:989-99. [PMID: 25428993 PMCID: PMC4321555 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite the importance of superoxide dismutases (SODs) in the plant antioxidant defence system little is known about their regulation by post-translational modifications. Here, we investigated the in vitro effects of nitric oxide derivatives on the seven SOD isoforms of Arabidopsis thaliana. S-nitrosoglutathione, which causes S-nitrosylation of cysteine residues, did not influence SOD activities. By contrast, peroxynitrite inhibited the mitochondrial manganese SOD1 (MSD1), peroxisomal copper/zinc SOD3 (CSD3), and chloroplastic iron SOD3 (FSD3), but no other SODs. MSD1 was inhibited by up to 90% but CSD3 and FSD3 only by a maximum of 30%. Down-regulation of these SOD isoforms correlated with tyrosine (Tyr) nitration and both could be prevented by the peroxynitrite scavenger urate. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed that-amongst the 10 Tyr residues present in MSD1-Tyr63 was the main target responsible for nitration and inactivation of the enzyme. Tyr63 is located nearby the active centre at a distance of only 5.26 Å indicating that nitration could affect accessibility of the substrate binding pocket. The corresponding Tyr34 of human manganese SOD is also nitrated, suggesting that this might be an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for regulation of manganese SODs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Holzmeister
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 München/Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Frank Gaupels
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 München/Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Arie Geerlof
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 München/Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hakan Sarioglu
- Department of Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 München/Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Sattler
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 München/Neuherberg, Germany Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science at Chair of Biomolecular NMR, Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Jörg Durner
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 München/Neuherberg, Germany Chair of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Christian Lindermayr
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 München/Neuherberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kang JW, Lee NY, Cho KC, Lee MY, Choi DY, Park SH, Kim KP. Analysis of nitrated proteins inSaccharomyces cerevisiaeinvolved in mating signal transduction. Proteomics 2015; 15:580-90. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Won Kang
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Kyung Hee University; Yongin-si Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
| | - Na Young Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Center for Functional Cellulomics; Seoul National University; Gwanak-gu Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Cho Cho
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Kyung Hee University; Yongin-si Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Kyung Hee University; Yongin-si Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Young Choi
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Kyung Hee University; Yongin-si Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Park
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Center for Functional Cellulomics; Seoul National University; Gwanak-gu Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Pyo Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Kyung Hee University; Yongin-si Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kumar V, Ghosh S, Saini AK, Mobin SM, Mondal B. Copper(ii) mediated phenol ring nitration by nitrogen dioxide. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:19909-17. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02318a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Addition of nitrogen dioxide in the THF solutions of Cu(ii) complexes of N2O2type ligands, L1H2and L2H2resulted in the nitration at the 4-position of coordinated equatorial phenolate ring of the ligand frameworks. Spectroscopic evidence suggests that the reaction proceeds through a phenoxyl radical complex formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vikash Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Assam 781039
- India
| | - Somnath Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Assam 781039
- India
| | - Anoop Kumar Saini
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore
- Indore 452017
- India
| | - Shaikh M. Mobin
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore
- Indore 452017
- India
| | - Biplab Mondal
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Assam 781039
- India
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Jones LH, Narayanan A, Hett EC. Understanding and applying tyrosine biochemical diversity. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2014; 10:952-69. [PMID: 24623162 DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00018h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights some of the recent advances made in our understanding of the diversity of tyrosine biochemistry and shows how this has inspired novel applications in numerous areas of molecular design and synthesis, including chemical biology and bioconjugation. The pathophysiological implications of tyrosine biochemistry will be presented from a molecular perspective and the opportunities for therapeutic intervention explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lyn H Jones
- Pfizer R&D, Chemical Biology Group, BioTherapeutics Chemistry, WorldWide Medicinal Chemistry, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Sadowska-Bartosz I, Ott C, Grune T, Bartosz G. Posttranslational protein modifications by reactive nitrogen and chlorine species and strategies for their prevention and elimination. Free Radic Res 2014; 48:1267-84. [PMID: 25119970 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.953494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Proteins are subject to various posttranslational modifications, some of them being undesired from the point of view of metabolic efficiency. Prevention of such modifications is expected to provide new means of therapy of diseases and decelerate the process of aging. In this review, modifications of proteins by reactive nitrogen species and reactive halogen species, is briefly presented and means of prevention of these modifications and their sequelae are discussed, including the denitrase activity and inhibitors of myeloperoxidase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Sadowska-Bartosz
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Rzeszów , Rzeszów , Poland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Reiniers MJ, van Golen RF, van Gulik TM, Heger M. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in steatotic hepatocytes: a molecular perspective on the pathophysiology of ischemia-reperfusion injury in the fatty liver. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:1119-42. [PMID: 24294945 PMCID: PMC4123468 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury results from the temporary deprivation of hepatic blood supply and is a common side effect of major liver surgery (i.e., transplantation or resection). IR injury, which in most severe cases culminates in acute liver failure, is particularly pronounced in livers that are affected by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In NAFLD, fat-laden hepatocytes are damaged by chronic oxidative/nitrosative stress (ONS), a state that is acutely exacerbated during IR, leading to extensive parenchymal damage. RECENT ADVANCES NAFLD triggers ONS via increased (extra)mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and activation of the unfolded protein response. ONS is associated with widespread protein and lipid (per)oxidation, which reduces the hepatic antioxidative capacity and shifts the intracellular redox status toward an oxidized state. Moreover, activation of the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α induces expression of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2, resulting in depletion of cellular energy (ATP) reserves. The reduction in intracellular antioxidants and ATP in fatty livers consequently gives rise to severe ONS and necrotic cell death during IR. CRITICAL ISSUES Despite the fact that ONS mediates both NAFLD and IR injury, the interplay between the two conditions has never been described in detail. An integrative overview of the pathophysiology of NAFLD that renders steatotic hepatocytes more vulnerable to IR injury is therefore presented in the context of ONS. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Effective methods should be devised to alleviate ONS and the consequences thereof in NAFLD before surgery in order to improve resilience of fatty livers to IR injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan J Reiniers
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Swomley AM, Förster S, Keeney JT, Triplett J, Zhang Z, Sultana R, Butterfield DA. Abeta, oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease: evidence based on proteomics studies. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2014; 1842:1248-57. [PMID: 24120836 PMCID: PMC3981962 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The initiation and progression of Alzheimer disease (AD) is a complex process not yet fully understood. While many hypotheses have been provided as to the cause of the disease, the exact mechanisms remain elusive and difficult to verify. Proteomic applications in disease models of AD have provided valuable insights into the molecular basis of this disorder, demonstrating that on a protein level, disease progression impacts numerous cellular processes such as energy production, cellular structure, signal transduction, synaptic function, mitochondrial function, cell cycle progression, and proteasome function. Each of these cellular functions contributes to the overall health of the cell, and the dysregulation of one or more could contribute to the pathology and clinical presentation in AD. In this review, foci reside primarily on the amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) induced oxidative stress hypothesis and the proteomic studies that have been conducted by our laboratory and others that contribute to the overall understanding of this devastating neurodegenerative disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Swomley
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Membrane Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Sarah Förster
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Animal Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jierel T Keeney
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Membrane Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Judy Triplett
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Membrane Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Zhaoshu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Membrane Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Rukhsana Sultana
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Membrane Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Membrane Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chemistry and biology of biomolecule nitration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 19:1086-92. [PMID: 22999877 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2012.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications of proteins play key roles in the regulation of biological processes and lead to various physiological responses. In recent years, a number of analytical technologies have been developed to help understand the diversity and disease relevance of these modifications. The main areas of focus have included phosphorylation, cysteine redox chemistry, and transformations mediated directly by oxidative stress. However, the nitration of biomolecules is an exciting and relatively understudied area of research. Reactive nitrogen species generated in various disease states can create nitrated biomolecules, and we are only beginning to understand the potential implications of these species. This review explores some of the recent advances in current knowledge concerning the chemistry and biology of nitrated biomolecules.
Collapse
|
45
|
Kumar V, Kalita A, Mondal B. Phenol ring nitration induced by the unprecedented reduction of the Cu(II) centre by nitrogen dioxide. Dalton Trans 2014; 42:16264-7. [PMID: 24100925 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt51642c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen dioxide (˙NO2) induces tyrosine nitration through a radical mechanism in biological systems. Two copper(II) complexes, 1 and 2, with ligands L₁ and L₂ [L₁ = 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-(((2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)(isopropyl)amino)methyl)phenol; L₂ = 6,6'-(((2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)azanediyl)bis(methylene))bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenol)], respectively, have been made to react with ˙NO2. In both cases, the reduction of the copper(II) center was observed in the presence of ˙NO2 which induces phenol ring nitration through nitronium ion (NO2(+)) formation.
Collapse
|
46
|
Kim S, Siegler MA, Karlin KD. Peroxynitrite chemistry derived from nitric oxide reaction with a Cu(II)-OOH species and a copper mediated NO reductive coupling reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:2844-6. [PMID: 24322625 PMCID: PMC3931255 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc47942k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New peroxynitrite-copper chemistry ensues via addition of nitric oxide (˙NO(g)) to a Cu(II)-hydroperoxo species. In characterizing the system, the ligand-Cu(i) complex was shown to effect a seldom observed ˙NO(g) reductive coupling reaction. Biological implications are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunghee Kim
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA. ; Fax: +1 410-516-8420; Tel: +1 410-516-8027
| | - Maxime A. Siegler
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA. ; Fax: +1 410-516-8420; Tel: +1 410-516-8027
| | - Kenneth D. Karlin
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA. ; Fax: +1 410-516-8420; Tel: +1 410-516-8027
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Martinez A, Peluffo G, Petruk AA, Hugo M, Piñeyro D, Demicheli V, Moreno DM, Lima A, Batthyány C, Durán R, Robello C, Martí MA, Larrieux N, Buschiazzo A, Trujillo M, Radi R, Piacenza L. Structural and molecular basis of the peroxynitrite-mediated nitration and inactivation of Trypanosoma cruzi iron-superoxide dismutases (Fe-SODs) A and B: disparate susceptibilities due to the repair of Tyr35 radical by Cys83 in Fe-SODB through intramolecular electron transfer. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:12760-78. [PMID: 24616096 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.545590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, contains exclusively iron-dependent superoxide dismutases (Fe-SODs) located in different subcellular compartments. Peroxynitrite, a key cytotoxic and oxidizing effector biomolecule, reacted with T. cruzi mitochondrial (Fe-SODA) and cytosolic (Fe-SODB) SODs with second order rate constants of 4.6 ± 0.2 × 10(4) M(-1) s(-1) and 4.3 ± 0.4 × 10(4) M(-1) s(-1) at pH 7.4 and 37 °C, respectively. Both isoforms are dose-dependently nitrated and inactivated by peroxynitrite. Susceptibility of T. cruzi Fe-SODA toward peroxynitrite was similar to that reported previously for Escherichia coli Mn- and Fe-SODs and mammalian Mn-SOD, whereas Fe-SODB was exceptionally resistant to oxidant-mediated inactivation. We report mass spectrometry analysis indicating that peroxynitrite-mediated inactivation of T. cruzi Fe-SODs is due to the site-specific nitration of the critical and universally conserved Tyr(35). Searching for structural differences, the crystal structure of Fe-SODA was solved at 2.2 Å resolution. Structural analysis comparing both Fe-SOD isoforms reveals differences in key cysteines and tryptophan residues. Thiol alkylation of Fe-SODB cysteines made the enzyme more susceptible to peroxynitrite. In particular, Cys(83) mutation (C83S, absent in Fe-SODA) increased the Fe-SODB sensitivity toward peroxynitrite. Molecular dynamics, electron paramagnetic resonance, and immunospin trapping analysis revealed that Cys(83) present in Fe-SODB acts as an electron donor that repairs Tyr(35) radical via intramolecular electron transfer, preventing peroxynitrite-dependent nitration and consequent inactivation of Fe-SODB. Parasites exposed to exogenous or endogenous sources of peroxynitrite resulted in nitration and inactivation of Fe-SODA but not Fe-SODB, suggesting that these enzymes play distinctive biological roles during parasite infection of mammalian cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Martinez
- From the Departamento de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Malan A. The Evolution of Mammalian Hibernation: Lessons from Comparative Acid-Base Physiology. Integr Comp Biol 2014; 54:484-96. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icu002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
|
49
|
Qiao L, Liu B, Girault HH. Antioxidant promotion of tyrosine nitration in the presence of copper(II). Metallomics 2013; 5:686-92. [PMID: 23689680 DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00048f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Copper(II) is known to catalyze the generation of reactive nitrogen species in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, nitrite or nitric oxide, leading to tyrosine nitration, a biomarker for free radical species associated diseases. Here, we find that biological antioxidants such as ascorbic acid can promote tyrosine nitration in the presence of copper(II) and nitrite under aerobic and weak acidic conditions. Tyrosine nitration is demonstrated on both the β-amyloid peptide and angiotensin I. These studies show that (i) ascorbic acid works as a pro-oxidant in the presence of copper(II) to induce oxidation and nitration on peptides, (ii) both free and coordinated copper(II) can catalyze peptide oxidation and nitration, (iii) nitration occurs under mild acidic conditions (pH = 6.0-6.5).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Qiao
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Keeney JTR, Förster S, Sultana R, Brewer LD, Latimer CS, Cai J, Klein JB, Porter NM, Butterfield DA. Dietary vitamin D deficiency in rats from middle to old age leads to elevated tyrosine nitration and proteomics changes in levels of key proteins in brain: implications for low vitamin D-dependent age-related cognitive decline. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:324-334. [PMID: 23872023 PMCID: PMC3859828 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In addition to the well-known effects of vitamin D (VitD) in maintaining bone health, there is increasing appreciation that this vitamin may serve important roles in other organs and tissues, including the brain. Given that VitD deficiency is especially widespread among the elderly, it is important to understand how the range of serum VitD levels that mimic those found in humans (from low to high) affects the brain during aging from middle age to old age. To address this issue, 27 male F344 rats were split into three groups and fed isocaloric diets containing low (100 IU/kg food), control (1000 IU/kg food), or high (10,000 IU/kg food) VitD beginning at middle age (12 months) and continued for a period of 4-5 months. We compared the effects of these dietary VitD manipulations on oxidative and nitrosative stress measures in posterior brain cortices. The low-VitD group showed global elevation of 3-nitrotyrosine compared to control and high-VitD-treated groups. Further investigation showed that this elevation may involve dysregulation of the nuclear factor κ-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway and NF-κB-mediated transcription of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) as indicated by translocation of NF-κB to the nucleus and elevation of iNOS levels. Proteomics techniques were used to provide insight into potential mechanisms underlying these effects. Several brain proteins were found at significantly elevated levels in the low-VitD group compared to the control and high-VitD groups. Three of these proteins, 6-phosphofructokinase, triose phosphate isomerase, and pyruvate kinase, are involved directly in glycolysis. Two others, peroxiredoxin-3 and DJ-1/PARK7, have peroxidase activity and are found in mitochondria. Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A (cyclophilin A) has been shown to have multiple roles, including protein folding, regulation of protein kinases and phosphatases, immunoregulation, cell signaling, and redox status. Together, these results suggest that dietary VitD deficiency contributes to significant nitrosative stress in brain and may promote cognitive decline in middle-aged and elderly adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeriel T R Keeney
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Membrane Sciences, Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Sarah Förster
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Membrane Sciences, Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Rukhsana Sultana
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Membrane Sciences, Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Lawrence D Brewer
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Caitlin S Latimer
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jian Cai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Proteomics Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Jon B Klein
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Proteomics Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Nada M Porter
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Membrane Sciences, Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
| |
Collapse
|