1
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Tan J, Dou J, Duan J, Zhao Y, He B, Tang Q. A trifunctional polyethylene oxide buffer layer for stable and efficient all-inorganic CsPbBr 3 perovskite solar cells. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:4038-4043. [PMID: 36880382 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00169e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based all-inorganic perovskite solar cells have attracted growing interest owing to their simple fabrication process, low cost, and high stability in air. On account of the large interfacial energy barriers and polycrystalline features of perovskite films, the carrier interface recombination and inherent defects in the perovskite layer are still great challenges in further increasing the power conversion efficiency and stability of carbon-based PSCs. We present here a trifunctional polyethylene oxide buffer layer at the perovskite/carbon interface to promote the PCE and stability of carbon-based all-inorganic CsPbBr3 PSCs: (i) the PEO layer increases the crystallinity of inorganic CsPbBr3 grains for low defect state density; (ii) the oxygenic groups in PEO chains passivate the defects on the perovskite surface; and (iii) the long hydrophobic alkyl chains improve the stability in moisture. The best encapsulated PSC achieves a PCE of 8.84% and maintains 84.8% of its initial efficiency in air with 80% RH over 30 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Tan
- Institute of Carton Neutrality, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China
| | - Jie Dou
- Institute of Carton Neutrality, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China
| | - Jialong Duan
- Institute of Carton Neutrality, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Institute of Carton Neutrality, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China
| | - Benlin He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China.
| | - Qunwei Tang
- Institute of Carton Neutrality, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China
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2
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Hamilton I, Suh M, Bailey J, Bradley DDC, Kim JS. Optimizing Interfacial Energetics for Conjugated Polyelectrolyte Electron Injection Layers in High Efficiency and Fast Responding Polymer Light Emitting Diodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:24668-24680. [PMID: 35583466 PMCID: PMC9164195 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Modification of the π-conjugated backbone structure of conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) for use as electron injection layers (EILs) in polymer light emitting diodes (PLEDs) has previously brought conflicted results in the literature in terms of device efficiency and turn-on response time. Herein, we determine the energetics at the CPE and the light emitting polymer (LEP) interface as a key factor for PLED device performance. By varying the conjugated backbone structure of both the LEP and CPE, we control the nature of the CPE/LEP interface in terms of optical energy gap offset, interfacial energy level offset, and location of the electron-hole recombination zone. We use a wide gap CPE with a shallow LUMO (F8im-Br) and one with a smaller gap and deeper LUMO (F8imBT-Br), in combination with three different LEPs. We find that the formation of a type II heterojunction at the CPE/LEP interfaces causes interfacial luminance quenching, which is responsible for poor efficiency in PLED devices. The effect is exacerbated with increased energy level offset from ionic rearrangement and hole accumulation occurring near the CPE/LEP interface. However, a deep CPE LUMO is found to be beneficial for fast current and luminance turn-on times of devices. This work provides important CPE molecular design rules for EIL use, offering progress toward a universal PLED-compatible CPE that can simultaneously deliver high efficiency and fast response times. In particular, engineering the LUMO position to be deep enough for fast device turn-on while avoiding the creation of a large energy level offset at the CPE/LEP interface is shown to be highly desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain Hamilton
- Department
of Physics and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Division
of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955−6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Minwon Suh
- Department
of Physics and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jim Bailey
- Department
of Physics and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Donal D. C. Bradley
- Division
of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955−6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ji-Seon Kim
- Department
of Physics and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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3
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Ambipolar transport of polymer semiconductors in diodes and carrier segment vibration relaxation to the negative slope phenomena. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Kim J, Kang M, Lee S, So C, Chung DS. Interfacial Electrostatic-Interaction-Enhanced Photomultiplication for Ultrahigh External Quantum Efficiency of Organic Photodiodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2104689. [PMID: 34677887 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A photomultiplication-type organic photodiode (PM-OPD), where an electric double layer (EDL) is strategically embedded, is demonstrated, with an exceptionally high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 2 210 000%, responsivity of 11 200 A W-1 , specific detectivity of 2.11 × 1014 Jones, and gain-bandwidth product of 1.92 × 107 Hz, as well as high reproducibility. A polymer electrolyte, poly(9,9-bis(3'-(N,N-dimethyl)-N-ethylammoinium-propyl-2,7-fluorene)-alt-2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene))dibromide is employed as a work-function-modifying layer of indium tin oxide (ITO) to construct an EDL-embedded Schottky junction with p-type polymer semiconductor, poly(3-hexylthiophene-diyl), resulting in not only advantageous tuning of the work function of ITO but also an enhancement of the electron-trapping efficiency due to electrostatic interaction between exposed cations and trapped electrons within isolated acceptor domains. The effects of the EDL on the energetics of the trapped electron states and thus on the gain generation mechanism are confirmed by numerical simulations based on the drift-diffusion approximation of charge carriers. The feasibility of the fabricated high-EQE PM-OPD especially for weak light detection is demonstrated via a pixelated prototype image sensor. It is believed that this new OPD platform opens up the possibility for the ultrahigh-sensitivity organic image sensors, while maintaining the advantageous properties of organics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingyun Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangjun Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan So
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sung Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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5
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Yuan S, Cui LS, Dai L, Liu Y, Liu QW, Sun YQ, Auras F, Anaya M, Zheng X, Ruggeri E, Yu YJ, Qu YK, Abdi-Jalebi M, Bakr OM, Wang ZK, Stranks SD, Greenham NC, Liao LS, Friend RH. Efficient and Spectrally Stable Blue Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes Employing a Cationic π-Conjugated Polymer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2103640. [PMID: 34558117 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskite semiconductors have demonstrated remarkable potentials in solution-processed blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs). However, the unsatisfied efficiency and spectral stability responsible for trap-mediated non-radiative losses and halide phase segregation remain the primary unsolved challenges for blue perovskite LEDs. In this study, it is reported that a fluorene-based π-conjugated cationic polymer can be blended with the perovskite semiconductor to control film formation and optoelectronic properties. As a result, sky-blue and true-blue perovskite LEDs with Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage coordinates of (0.08, 0.22) and (0.12, 0.13) at the record external quantum efficiencies of 11.2% and 8.0% were achieved. In addition, the mixed halide perovskites with the conjugated cationic polymer exhibit excellent spectral stability under external bias. This result illustrates that π-conjugated cationic polymers have a great potential to realize efficient blue mixed-halide perovskite LEDs with stable electroluminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Lin-Song Cui
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Linjie Dai
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Yun Liu
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Qing-Wei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yu-Qi Sun
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Florian Auras
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Miguel Anaya
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Xiaopeng Zheng
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Edoardo Ruggeri
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - You-Jun Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yang-Kun Qu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Mojtaba Abdi-Jalebi
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Osman M Bakr
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhao-Kui Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Neil C Greenham
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Liang-Sheng Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Richard H Friend
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
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6
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Pagaduan JN, Hight-Huf N, Datar A, Nagar Y, Barnes M, Naveh D, Ramasubramaniam A, Katsumata R, Emrick T. Electronic Tuning of Monolayer Graphene with Polymeric "Zwitterists". ACS NANO 2021; 15:2762-2770. [PMID: 33512145 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Work function engineering of two-dimensional (2D) materials by application of polymer coatings represents a research thrust that promises to enhance the performance of electronic devices. While polymer zwitterions have been demonstrated to significantly modify the work function of both metal electrodes and 2D materials due to their dipole-rich structure, the impact of zwitterion chemical structure on work function modulation is not well understood. To address this knowledge gap, we synthesized a series of sulfobetaine-based zwitterionic random copolymers with variable substituents and used them in lithographic patterning for the preparation of negative-tone resists (i.e., "zwitterists") on monolayer graphene. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy indicated a significant work function reduction, as high as 1.5 eV, induced by all polymer zwitterions when applied as ultrathin films (<10 nm) on monolayer graphene. Of the polymers studied, the piperidinyl-substituted version, produced the largest dipole normal to the graphene sheet, thereby inducing the maximum work function reduction. Density functional theory calculations probed the influence of zwitterion composition on dipole orientation, while lithographic patterning allowed for evaluation of surface potential contrast via Kelvin probe force microscopy. Overall, this polymer "zwitterist" design holds promise for fine-tuning 2D materials electronics with spatial control based on the chemistry of the polymer coating and the dimensions of the lithographic patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yehiel Nagar
- Faculty of Engineering and Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | | | - Doron Naveh
- Faculty of Engineering and Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
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7
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Cai H, Li J, Yang Z, Wang C, Tang C, Ye S, Lai W, Huang W. Abnormal Carrier Dynamics of Non‐Doped “P‐Type” Poly(
N
‐vinylcarbazole). MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai‐Tong Cai
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials(IAM) Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials(IAM) Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Zhi‐Yao Yang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials(IAM) Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials(IAM) Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Chao Tang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials(IAM) Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Shang‐Hui Ye
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials(IAM) Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Wen‐Yong Lai
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials(IAM) Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials(IAM) Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 China
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8
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Bischak CG, Flagg LQ, Yan K, Rehman T, Davies DW, Quezada RJ, Onorato JW, Luscombe CK, Diao Y, Li CZ, Ginger DS. A Reversible Structural Phase Transition by Electrochemically-Driven Ion Injection into a Conjugated Polymer. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7434-7442. [PMID: 32227841 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Connor G. Bischak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Lucas Q. Flagg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Kangrong Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China
| | - Tahir Rehman
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China
| | - Daniel W. Davies
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ramsess J. Quezada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Jonathan W. Onorato
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Christine K. Luscombe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department of Molecular Engineering and Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Ying Diao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Chang-Zhi Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China
| | - David S. Ginger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
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9
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Verykios A, Papadakis M, Soultati A, Skoulikidou MC, Papaioannou G, Gardelis S, Petsalakis ID, Theodorakopoulos G, Petropoulos V, Palilis LC, Fakis M, Vainos NA, Alexandropoulos D, Davazoglou D, Pistolis G, Argitis P, Coutsolelos AG, Vasilopoulou M. Functionalized Zinc Porphyrins with Various Peripheral Groups for Interfacial Electron Injection Barrier Control in Organic Light Emitting Diodes. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:10008-10018. [PMID: 31459129 PMCID: PMC6644834 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Here, we use a simple and effective method to accomplish energy level alignment and thus electron injection barrier control in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) with a conventional architecture based on a green emissive copolymer. In particular, a series of functionalized zinc porphyrin compounds bearing π-delocalized triazine electron withdrawing spacers for efficient intramolecular electron transfer and different terminal groups such as glycine moieties in their peripheral substitutes are employed as thin interlayers at the emissive layer/Al (cathode) interface to realize efficient electron injection/transport. The effects of spatial (i.e., assembly) configuration, molecular dipole moment and type of peripheral group termination on the optical properties and energy level tuning are investigated by steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy in F8BT/porphyrin films, by photovoltage measurements in OLED devices and by surface work function measurements in Al electrodes modified with the functionalized zinc porphyrins. The performance of OLEDs is significantly improved upon using the functionalized porphyrin interlayers with the recorded luminance of the devices to reach values 1 order of magnitude higher than that of the reference diode without any electron injection/transport interlayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolis Verykios
- Institute of Nanoscience
and Nanotechnology, National Center for
Scientific Research Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi, 15310 Athens, Greece
- Department
of Physics and Department of Materials Science, University
of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Michael Papadakis
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, Heraklion 70013 Crete, Greece
| | - Anastasia Soultati
- Institute of Nanoscience
and Nanotechnology, National Center for
Scientific Research Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi, 15310 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria-Christina Skoulikidou
- Institute of Nanoscience
and Nanotechnology, National Center for
Scientific Research Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi, 15310 Athens, Greece
- Solid State Physics Section, Physics Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, 15784 Zografos, Athens, Greece
| | - George Papaioannou
- Solid State Physics Section, Physics Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, 15784 Zografos, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyros Gardelis
- Solid State Physics Section, Physics Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, 15784 Zografos, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis D. Petsalakis
- Theoretical
and Physical Chemistry Institute, National
Hellenic Research Foundation, Vas. Constantinou Avenue 48, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Giannoula Theodorakopoulos
- Theoretical
and Physical Chemistry Institute, National
Hellenic Research Foundation, Vas. Constantinou Avenue 48, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Vasilis Petropoulos
- Department
of Physics and Department of Materials Science, University
of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Leonidas C. Palilis
- Department
of Physics and Department of Materials Science, University
of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Mihalis Fakis
- Department
of Physics and Department of Materials Science, University
of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Nikolaos A. Vainos
- Department
of Physics and Department of Materials Science, University
of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitris Alexandropoulos
- Department
of Physics and Department of Materials Science, University
of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitris Davazoglou
- Institute of Nanoscience
and Nanotechnology, National Center for
Scientific Research Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi, 15310 Athens, Greece
| | - George Pistolis
- Institute of Nanoscience
and Nanotechnology, National Center for
Scientific Research Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi, 15310 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Argitis
- Institute of Nanoscience
and Nanotechnology, National Center for
Scientific Research Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi, 15310 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanassios G. Coutsolelos
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, Heraklion 70013 Crete, Greece
| | - Maria Vasilopoulou
- Institute of Nanoscience
and Nanotechnology, National Center for
Scientific Research Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi, 15310 Athens, Greece
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10
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Lee S, Nguyen TL, Lee SY, Jang CH, Lee BR, Jung ED, Park SY, Yoon YJ, Kim JY, Woo HY, Song MH. Conjugated Polyelectrolytes Bearing Various Ion Densities: Spontaneous Dipole Generation, Poling-Induced Dipole Alignment, and Interfacial Energy Barrier Control for Optoelectronic Device Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1706034. [PMID: 29450928 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201706034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) with π-delocalized main backbones and ionic pendant groups are intensively studied as interfacial layers for efficient polymer-based optoelectronic devices (POEDs) because they facilitate facile control of charge injection/extraction barriers. Here, a simple and effective method of performing precise interfacial energy level adjustment is presented by employing CPEs with different thicknesses and various ion densities under electric poling to realize efficient charge injection/extraction of POEDs. The effects of the CPE ion densities and electric (positive or negative) poling on the energy level tuning process are investigated by measuring the open-circuit voltages and current densities of devices with the structure indium tin oxide/zinc oxide/CPE/organic active layer/molybdenum oxide/gold while changing the CPE film thickness. The performances of inverted polymer light-emitting diodes and inverted polymer solar cells are remarkably improved by precisely controlling the interfacial energy level matching using optimum CPE conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungjin Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and KIST-UNIST Ulsan Center for Convergent Materials, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Thanh Luan Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yun Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and KIST-UNIST Ulsan Center for Convergent Materials, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Hyeon Jang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and KIST-UNIST Ulsan Center for Convergent Materials, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Ram Lee
- Department of Physics, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Dae Jung
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and KIST-UNIST Ulsan Center for Convergent Materials, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Yi Park
- Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Jin Yoon
- Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Hoon Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and KIST-UNIST Ulsan Center for Convergent Materials, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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11
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Liu J, Chen D, Luan X, Tong K, Zhao F, Liu C, Pei Q, Li H. Electrolyte-Gated Red, Green, and Blue Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:12647-12653. [PMID: 28332395 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report vertical electrolyte-gated red, green, and blue phosphorescent small-molecule organic light-emitting diodes (OLED), in which light emission was modified by tuning the electron injection via electrochemical doping of the electron injection layer 4,4-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1-biphenyl (CBP) under the assistance of a polymer electrolyte. These devices comprise an electrolyte capacitor on the top of a conventional OLED, with the interfacial contact between the electrolyte and electron injection layer CBP of OLEDs achieved through a porous cathode. These phosphorescent OLEDs exhibit the tunable luminance between 0.1 and 10 000 cd m-2, controlled by an applied bias at the gate electrode. This simple device architecture with gate-modulated luminance provides an innovative way for full-color OLED displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Liu
- Atom Nanoelectronics Inc. , 440 Hindry Avenue, Unit E, Inglewood, California 90301, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles , 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Dustin Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles , 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Xinning Luan
- Atom Nanoelectronics Inc. , 440 Hindry Avenue, Unit E, Inglewood, California 90301, United States
| | - Kwing Tong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles , 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Fangchao Zhao
- Atom Nanoelectronics Inc. , 440 Hindry Avenue, Unit E, Inglewood, California 90301, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles , 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles , 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Qibing Pei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles , 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Huaping Li
- Atom Nanoelectronics Inc. , 440 Hindry Avenue, Unit E, Inglewood, California 90301, United States
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12
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Guo D, Sun Z, Wang S, Bai X, Xu L, Yang Q, Xin Y, Zheng R, Ma D, Zhao X, Wang C. Synthesis and optical and electrochemical memory properties of fluorene–triphenylamine alternating copolymer. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28154k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A fluorene–triphenylamine copolymer (PF–TPA) was designed and synthesized under Suzuki coupling reaction conditions in this work. It exhibited a typical electrical conductance switching behavior and non-volatile flash memory effects.
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13
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Gonzalez Arellano DL, Lee H, Secor EB, Burnett EK, Hersam MC, Watkins JJ, Briseno AL. Graphene Ink as a Conductive Templating Interlayer for Enhanced Charge Transport of C 60-Based Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:29594-29599. [PMID: 27723296 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b05536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate conductive templating interlayers of graphene ink, integrating the electronic and chemical properties of graphene in a solution-based process relevant for scalable manufacturing. Thin films of graphene ink are coated onto ITO, following thermal annealing, to form a percolating network used as interlayer. We employ a benchmark n-type semiconductor, C60, to study the interface of the active layer/interlayer. On bare ITO, C60 molecules form films of homogeneously distributed grains; with a graphene interlayer, a preferential orientation of C60 molecules is observed in the individual graphene plates. This leads to crystal growth favoring enhanced charge transport. We fabricate devices to characterize the electron injection and the effect of graphene on the device performance. We observe a significant increase in the current density with the interlayer. Current densities as high as ∼1 mA/cm2 and ∼70 mA/cm2 are realized for C60 deposited with the substrate at 25 °C and 150 °C, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Leonardo Gonzalez Arellano
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Hyunbok Lee
- Department of Physics, Kangwon National University , 1 Gangwondaehak-gil, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ethan B Secor
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Edmund K Burnett
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - James J Watkins
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Alejandro L Briseno
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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14
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Wagner T, Lazar J, Schnakenberg U, Böker A. In situ Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy of Electrostatically Driven Selective Gold Nanoparticle Adsorption on Block Copolymer Lamellae. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:27282-27290. [PMID: 27696797 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b07708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Electrostatic attraction between charged nanoparticles and oppositely charged nanopatterned polymeric films enables tailored structuring of functional nanoscopic surfaces. The bottom-up fabrication of organic/inorganic composites for example bears promising potential toward cheap fabrication of catalysts, optical sensors, and the manufacture of miniaturized electric circuitry. However, only little is known about the time-dependent adsorption behavior and the electronic or ionic charge transfer in the film bulk and at interfaces during nanoparticle assembly via electrostatic interactions. In situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in combination with a microfluidic system for fast and reproducible liquid delivery was thus applied to monitor the selective deposition of negatively charged gold nanoparticles on top of positively charged poly(2-vinylpyridinium) (qP2VP) domains of phase separated lamellar poly(styrene)-block-poly(2-vinylpyridinium) (PS-b-qP2VP) diblock copolymer thin films. The acquired impedance data delivered information with respect to interfacial charge alteration, ionic diffusion, and the charge dependent nanoparticle adsorption kinetics, considering this yet unexplored system. We demonstrate that the selective adsorption of negatively charged gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on positively charged qP2VP domains of lamellar PS-b-qP2VP thin films can indeed be tracked by EIS. Moreover, we show that the nanoparticle adsorption kinetics and the nanoparticle packing density are functions of the charge density in the qP2VP domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Wagner
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials , Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jaroslav Lazar
- Institute of Materials in Electrical Engineering 1, RWTH Aachen University , Sommerfeldstraße 24, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Uwe Schnakenberg
- Institute of Materials in Electrical Engineering 1, RWTH Aachen University , Sommerfeldstraße 24, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Böker
- Chair for Polymer Materials and Polymer Technology, University of Potsdam & Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research (IAP) , Geiselbergstraße 69, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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15
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Lee H, Stephenson JC, Richter LJ, McNeill CR, Gann E, Thomsen L, Park S, Jeong J, Yi Y, DeLongchamp DM, Page ZA, Puodziukynaite E, Emrick T, Briseno AL. The Structural Origin of Electron Injection Enhancements with Fulleropyrrolidine Interlayers. ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES 2016; 3:1500852. [PMID: 28133591 PMCID: PMC5259752 DOI: 10.1002/admi.201500852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The orientation of the substituent groups in a new class of work function modification layers, based on functionalized fulleropyrrolidines, is measured and found to directly account for the sign of the work function change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunbok Lee
- Department of Physics, Kangwon National University, 1 Gangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - John C Stephenson
- Sensor Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States of America
| | - Lee J Richter
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States of America
| | - Christopher R McNeill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, 3800 Australia
| | - Eliot Gann
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, 3800 Australia
| | - Lars Thomsen
- Thomsen Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168 Australia
| | - Soohyung Park
- Institute of Physics and Applied Physics, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Junkyeong Jeong
- Institute of Physics and Applied Physics, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonjin Yi
- Institute of Physics and Applied Physics, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dean M DeLongchamp
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States of America
| | - Zachariah A Page
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States of America
| | - Egle Puodziukynaite
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States of America
| | - Todd Emrick
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States of America
| | - Alejandro L Briseno
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States of America
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16
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Tekoglu S, Petzoldt M, Stolz S, Bunz UHF, Lemmer U, Hamburger M, Hernandez-Sosa G. Emissive Polyelectrolytes As Interlayer for Color Tuning and Electron Injection in Solution-Processed Light-Emitting Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:7320-7325. [PMID: 26928477 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein we present a solution-processed hybrid device architecture combining organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) in a bilayer architecture. The LEC interlayer promotes the charge injection from an air-stable Ag cathode as well as permits the color tuning of the device emission. To this end, we used an alcohol-soluble anionic polyfluorene derivative, the properties of which were investigated by absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy as well as by cyclic voltammetry. The bilayer device exhibited operating voltages ∼6 V and a color tuning of the emission spectrum dependent on the LEC interlayer thickness. The hybrid devices presented a color emission ranging from the yellow (x = 0.39, y = 0.47) toward the green region (x = 0.29, y = 0.4) of the Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage (CIE) 1931 chromaticity diagram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serpil Tekoglu
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Engesserstr. 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- InnovationLab , Speyerer Str. 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Petzoldt
- InnovationLab , Speyerer Str. 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität , Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Stolz
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Engesserstr. 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- InnovationLab , Speyerer Str. 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe H F Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität , Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uli Lemmer
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Engesserstr. 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Manuel Hamburger
- InnovationLab , Speyerer Str. 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität , Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerardo Hernandez-Sosa
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Engesserstr. 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- InnovationLab , Speyerer Str. 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
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17
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Xu Z, Kong LQ, Zhao JS, Fan WY. Decyloxyphenyl-substituted quinoxaline-embedded conjugated electrochromic polymers with high switching stability and fast response speed. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-016-1759-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Suh M, Bailey J, Kim SW, Kim K, Yun DJ, Jung Y, Hamilton I, Chander N, Wang X, Bradley DDC, Jeon DY, Kim JS. High-Efficiency Polymer LEDs with Fast Response Times Fabricated via Selection of Electron-Injecting Conjugated Polyelectrolyte Backbone Structure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:26566-26571. [PMID: 26562214 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b07862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Imidazolium ionic side-group-containing fluorene-based conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) with different π-conjugated structures, poly[(9,9-bis(8'-(3″-methyl-1″-imidazolium)octyl)-2,7-fluorene)-alt-2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene)] dibromide (F8im-Br) and poly[(9,9-bis(8'-(3″-methyl-1″-imidazolium)octyl)-2,7-fluorene)-alt-(benzo(2,1,3)thiadiazol-4,8-diyl) dibromide (F8imBT-Br), are synthesized and utilized as an electron injection layer (EIL) in green-emitting F8BT polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs). Both CPE EIL devices significantly outperform Ca cathode devices; 17.9 cd A(-1) (at 3.8 V) and 16.6 lm W(-1) (at 3.0 V) for F8imBT-Br devices, 11.1 cd A(-1) (at 4.2 V) and 9.1 lm W(-1) (at 3.4 V) for F8im-Br devices, and 7.2 cd A(-1) (at 3.6 V) and 7.0 lm W(-1) (at 3.0 V) for Ca devices. Importantly, unlike the F8im-Br EIL devices, F8imBT-Br PLEDs exhibit much faster electroluminescence turn-on times (<10 μs) despite both EILs possessing the same tethered imidazolium and mobile bromide ions. The F8imBT-Br devices represent, to the best of our knowledge, the highest efficiency in thin (70 nm) single-layer F8BT PLEDs in conventional device architecture with the fastest EL response time using CPE EIL with mobile ions. Our results clearly indicate the importance of an additional factor of EIL materials, specifically the conjugated backbone structure, to determine the device efficiency and response times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minwon Suh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jim Bailey
- Department of Physics & Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London , Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sung Wook Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmok Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jin Yun
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT) , Nongseo-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 443-803, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsuk Jung
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT) , Nongseo-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 443-803, Republic of Korea
| | - Iain Hamilton
- Department of Physics & Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London , Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan Chander
- Department of Physics & Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London , Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Xuhua Wang
- Department of Physics & Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London , Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Donal D C Bradley
- Department of Physics & Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London , Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Duk Young Jeon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Seon Kim
- Department of Physics & Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London , Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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19
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Chou SY, Chen Y. Hole-buffer polymer composed of alternating p
-terphenyl and tetraethylene glycol ether moieties: Synthesis and application in polymer light-emitting diodes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Ying Chou
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Cheng Kung University; 1, University Rd. Tainan 70101 Taiwan
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Cheng Kung University; 1, University Rd. Tainan 70101 Taiwan
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20
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Lim KG, Park SM, Woo HY, Lee TW. Elucidating the Role of Conjugated Polyelectrolyte Interlayers for High-Efficiency Organic Photovoltaics. CHEMSUSCHEM 2015; 8:3062-3068. [PMID: 26346835 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201500631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite the promising function of conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) as an interfacial layer in organic photovoltaics (OPVs), the underlying mechanism of dipole orientation and the electrical characteristics of CPE interlayers remain unclear. Currently, the ionic functionality of CPEs (i.e., whether they are cationic or anionic) is believed to determine the interfacial dipole alignment and the resulting electron or hole extraction properties at the interface between an organic photoactive layer and a metal electrode. In this research, we find that in contrast to this common belief, the photovoltaic efficiency can be improved significantly by both cationic and anionic CPE layers regardless of the ion functionality of the CPE. This improvement occurs because the interfacial dipoles of cationic and anionic CPEs are realigned in the identical direction despite the different ionic functionality. The net dipole is determined not by the intrinsic molecular dipole of the CPE but by the ionic redistribution in the CPE layer and the resulting interfacial dipole at the intimate contact with adjacent layers. We also demonstrated that the energy level alignment and performance parameters of OPVs can be controlled systematically by the electrically poled CPE layers with the oriented interfacial dipoles; the distribution of positive and negative ions in the CPE layer was adjusted by applying an appropriate external electric field, and the energy alignment was reversible by changing the electric field direction. The anionic and cationic CPEs (PSBFP-Na and PAHFP-Br) based on the same π-conjugated backbone of fluorene-phenylene were each used as the electron extraction layer on a photoactive layer. Both anionic and cationic CPE interlayers improved the energy level alignment at the interface between the photoactive layer and the electrode and the resulting performance parameters, which thereby increased the power conversion efficiency to 8.3 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Geun Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31 Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyungbuk 790-784 (Republic of Korea)
| | - Sung Min Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-713 (Republic of Korea)
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-713 (Republic of Korea).
| | - Tae-Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31 Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyungbuk 790-784 (Republic of Korea).
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21
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Wang L, Zhao D, Liu C, Nie G. Low-potential facile electrosynthesis of free-standing poly(1H-benzo[g]indole) film as a yellow-light-emitter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
| | - Changlong Liu
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
| | - Guangming Nie
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
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22
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Mikhnenko OV, Collins SD, Nguyen TQ. Rectifying electrical noise with an ionic-organic ratchet. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:2007-2012. [PMID: 25676926 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201404450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Electronic ratchets can rectify AC signals that are extracted from unpredictable energy fluctuations. A device is presented with ratchet-like current-voltage characteristics, which delivers record high electrical currents of 2.6 and 1.7 μA when driven with an AC signal of square wave and random amplitude, respectively. The device is based on a poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl):salt blend, which acquires rectification properties after a voltage stress in a transistor configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr V Mikhnenko
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
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23
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Mai CK, Arai T, Liu X, Fronk SL, Su GM, Segalman RA, Chabinyc ML, Bazan GC. Electrical properties of doped conjugated polyelectrolytes with modulated density of the ionic functionalities. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:17607-10. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc06690e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of a series of water soluble anionic narrow band-gap conjugated polyelectrolytes with a varied density of the ionic functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Kang Mai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Santa Barbara
- USA
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids
| | - Tomoya Arai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Santa Barbara
- USA
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Santa Barbara
- USA
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids
| | - Stephanie L. Fronk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Santa Barbara
- USA
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids
| | - Gregory M. Su
- Materials Research Laboratory
- University of California
- Santa Barbara
- USA
- Materials Department
| | - Rachel A. Segalman
- Materials Research Laboratory
- University of California
- Santa Barbara
- USA
- Materials Department
| | - Michael L. Chabinyc
- Materials Research Laboratory
- University of California
- Santa Barbara
- USA
- Materials Department
| | - Guillermo C. Bazan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Santa Barbara
- USA
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids
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24
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Lee H, Puodziukynaite E, Zhang Y, Stephenson JC, Richter LJ, Fischer DA, DeLongchamp DM, Emrick T, Briseno AL. Poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate)s as Electrode Modifiers for Inverted Organic Electronics. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 137:540-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja512148d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunbok Lee
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120
Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Egle Puodziukynaite
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120
Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120
Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Todd Emrick
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120
Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Alejandro L. Briseno
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120
Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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25
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Jiang Z, Zhong Z, Xue S, Zhou Y, Meng Y, Hu Z, Ai N, Wang J, Wang L, Peng J, Ma Y, Pei J, Wang J, Cao Y. Highly efficient, solution processed electrofluorescent small molecule white organic light-emitting diodes with a hybrid electron injection layer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:8345-8352. [PMID: 24840940 DOI: 10.1021/am501207g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Highly efficient, solution-processed, and all fluorescent white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) based on fluorescent small molecules have been achieved by incorporating a low-conductivity hole injection layer and an inorganic-organic hybrid electron injection layer. The light-emission layer is created by doping a fluorescent π-conjugated blue dendrimer host (the zeroth generation dendrimer, G0) with a yellow-emitting fluorescent dopant oligo(paraphenylenevinylene) derivative CN-DPASDB with a doping ratio of 100:0.15 (G0:CN-DPASDB) by weight. To suppress excessive holes, the high-conductivity hole injection layer (PEDOT:PSS AI 4083) is replaced by the low-conductivity PEDOT:PSS CH 8000. To facilitate the electron injection, a hybrid electron injection layer is introduced by doping a methanol/water-soluble conjugated polymer poly[(9,9-bis(30-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl)-2,7-fluorene)-alt-2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene)] (PFNR2) with solution-processed cesium fluoride (CsF). The device achieves a maximum luminous efficiency of 17.0 cd A(-1) and a peak power efficiency of 15.6 lm W(-1) at (0.32, 0.37) with a color rendering index of 64.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Jiang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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Tordera D, Kuik M, Rengert ZD, Bandiello E, Bolink HJ, Bazan GC, Nguyen TQ. Operational Mechanism of Conjugated Polyelectrolytes. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:8500-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja502055x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Tordera
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Materials, and Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, C/ Cat. J. Beltran 2, ES-46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Martijn Kuik
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Materials, and Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Zachary D. Rengert
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Materials, and Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Enrico Bandiello
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, C/ Cat. J. Beltran 2, ES-46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Henk J. Bolink
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, C/ Cat. J. Beltran 2, ES-46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Guillermo C. Bazan
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Materials, and Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Center
of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thuc-Quyen Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Materials, and Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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Donor–acceptor type neutral green polymers containing 2,3-di(5-methylfuran-2-yl) quinoxaline acceptor and different thiophene donors. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.12.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Georgiadou DG, Vasilopoulou M, Palilis LC, Petsalakis ID, Theodorakopoulos G, Constantoudis V, Kennou S, Karantonis A, Dimotikali D, Argitis P. All-organic sulfonium salts acting as efficient solution processed electron injection layer for PLEDs. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:12346-12354. [PMID: 24195694 DOI: 10.1021/am402991b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Herein we introduce the all-organic triphenylsulfonium (TPS) salts cathode interfacial layers (CILs), deposited from their methanolic solution, as a new simple strategy for circumventing the use of unstable low work function metals and obtaining charge balance and high electroluminescence efficiency in polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs). In particular, we show that the incorporation of TPS-triflate or TPS-nonaflate at the polymer/Al interface improved substantially the luminous efficiency of the device (from 2.4 to 7.9 cd/A) and reduced the turn-on and operating voltage, whereas an up to 4-fold increase in brightness (∼11 250 cd/m(2) for TPS-triflate and ∼14 682 cd/m(2) for TPS-nonaflate compared to ∼3221 cd/m(2) for the reference device) was observed in poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-(1,4-benzo-2,1',3-thiadiazole)] (F8BT)-based PLEDs. This was mainly attributed to the favorable decrease of the electron injection barrier, as derived from the open-circuit voltage (Voc) measurements, which was also assisted by the conduction of electrons through the triphenylsulfonium salt sites. Density functional theory calculations indicated that the total energy of the anionic (reduced) form of the salt, that is, upon placing an electron to its lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, is lower than its neutral state, rendering the TPS-salts stable upon electron transfer in the solid state. Finally, the morphology optimization of the TPS-salt interlayer through controlling the processing parameters was found to be critical for achieving efficient electron injection and transport at the respective interfaces.
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Effect of substituents on electrochemical and optical properties of thienyl-derivatized polypyrenes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2012.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Duan C, Zhang K, Guan X, Zhong C, Xie H, Huang F, Chen J, Peng J, Cao Y. Conjugated zwitterionic polyelectrolyte-based interface modification materials for high performance polymer optoelectronic devices. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc22258f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Duan C, Zhang K, Zhong C, Huang F, Cao Y. Recent advances in water/alcohol-soluble π-conjugated materials: new materials and growing applications in solar cells. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:9071-104. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60200a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 414] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Kawabata K, Goto H. Dynamically Controllable Emission of Polymer Nanofibers: Electrofluorescence Chromism and Polarized Emission of Polycarbazole Derivatives. Chemistry 2012; 18:15065-72. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Xie LH, Yin CR, Lai WY, Fan QL, Huang W. Polyfluorene-based semiconductors combined with various periodic table elements for organic electronics. Prog Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Zhang Y, Zalar P, Kim C, Collins S, Bazan GC, Nguyen TQ. DNA interlayers enhance charge injection in organic field-effect transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:4255-60. [PMID: 22718359 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201201248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
By inserting DNA interlayers beneath the Au contact, the contact resistance of PC(70) BM field-effect transistorss is reduced by approximately 30 times at a gate bias of 20 V. The electron and hole mobilities of ambipolar diketopyrrolopyrrole transistors are increased by one order of magnitude with a reduction of the threshold voltage from 12 to 6.5 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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Tang S, Sandström A, Fang J, Edman L. A Solution-Processed Trilayer Electrochemical Device: Localizing the Light Emission for Optimized Performance. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:14050-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja3041916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shi Tang
- The Organic Photonics and Electronics
Group, Umeå University, SE-901 87
Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andreas Sandström
- The Organic Photonics and Electronics
Group, Umeå University, SE-901 87
Umeå, Sweden
| | - Junfeng Fang
- Ningbo
Institute of Materials
Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315211 Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ludvig Edman
- The Organic Photonics and Electronics
Group, Umeå University, SE-901 87
Umeå, Sweden
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Park JS, Lee JM, Hwang SK, Lee SH, Lee HJ, Lee BR, Park HI, Kim JS, Yoo S, Song MH, Kim SO. A ZnO/N-doped carbon nanotube nanocomposite charge transport layer for high performance optoelectronics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm30710c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Zhu X, Xie Y, Li X, Qiao X, Wang L, Tu G. Anionic conjugated polyelectrolyte–wetting properties with an emission layer and free ion migration when serving as a cathode interface layer in polymer light emitting diodes (PLEDs). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm32113k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Wu CS, Chen Y. Copolyfluorenes containing pendant bipolar carbazole and 1,2,4-triazole groups: Synthesis, characterization, and optoelectronic applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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